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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
NAME
VOGLE - A very ordinary graphics learning environment.
DESCRIPTION
VOGLE is a library of C routines for doing line drawings and
polygon fills in 2 and 3 Dimensions. It handles circles,
curves, arcs, patches, polygons, and software text in a dev-
ice independent fashion. Simple hidden line removal is also
available via polygon backfacing. Access to hardware text
and double buffering of drawings depends on the driver.
There is also a FORTRAN interface but as it goes through the
C routines FORTRAN users are warned that arrays are in row-
column order in C. A SUN Pascal interface has also been pro-
vided. The following is a brief summary of the VOGLE subrou-
tines.
Include files.
There are two include files provided with vogle: vogle.h and
Vogle.h. The lowercase vogle.h is the C header file which
most vogle C programs would include. The uppercase Vogle.h
is the SUN Pascal header file which contains the
forward/external declarations for Pascal. This header file
should be included just after the program statement of a
Pascal program.
The following is a brief summary of the VOGLE subroutines.
Using X toolkits and Sunview
For X11 and Sunview based applications, it is posible for
VOGLE to use a window that is supplied by that application's
toolkit. Under these circumstances, the toolkit is is
responsible for handling of all input events, and VOGL sim-
ply draws into the supplied window. These calls are only
available from C. Also see the directories examples/xt,
examples/xview and examples/sunview.
For X based toolkits the following three calls may be used:
vo_xt_window(display, xwin, width, height)
Tells VOGLE to use the supplied window xwin
vo_xt_window(display, xwin, width, height)
Display *display;
Window xwin;
int width, height;
This routine should be called before calling "vinit()".
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 1
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
vo_xt_win_size(width, height)
Tells VOGLE that the supplied window has changed size.
vo_xt_win_size(width, height)
int width, height;
vo_xt_set_win(display, xwin, width, height)
Just tells VOGLE to draw into that particular 'Draw-
able'
vo_xt_set_win(display, xwin, width, height)
Display *display;
Drawable xwin;
int width, height;
vo_xt_get_display()
Returns the current display that VOGLE beleives it is
using.
Display *
vo_xt_get_display()
vo_xt_get_window()
Returns the current window that VOGLE beleives it is
using.
Window
vo_xt_get_window()
vo_xt_get_GC()
Returns the current Graphics Context that VOGL beleives
it is using.
GC
vo_xt_get_GC()
For sunview based applications the following two calls may be
used:
vo_sunview_canvas(canvas, width, height)
Tells VOGLE to use the supplied sunview canvas canvas
vo_sunview_canvas(canvas, width, height)
Canvas canvas;
int width, height;
This routine should be called before calling "ginit()".
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 2
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
vo_sunview_canvas_size(width, height)
Tells VOGLE that the supplied canvas has changed size.
vo_sunview_canvas_size(width, height)
int width, height;
Device routines.
vinit(device)
Initialise the device.
Fortran:
subroutine vinit(device)
character *(*) device
C:
vinit(device);
char *device;
Pascal:
procedure Vinit(device: string_t)
Note 1 :- Current available devices are:
tek - tektronix 4010 and compatibles
hpgl - HP Graphics language and compatibles
hpgt - HP Graphics Terminals and compatibles
dxy - roland DXY plotter language
postscript - mono postscript devices
ppostscript - mono postscript devices (portrait mode)
cps - colour postscript devices
pcps - colour postscript devices (portrait mode)
sun - Sun workstations running sunview
X11 - X windows (SUN's OPenwindows etc etc)
next - NeXTStep and other NeXT platforms
decX11 - the decstation window manager
(basically obsolete).
apollo - Apollo workstations
(basically obsolete).
hercules - IBM PC hercules graphics card
cga - IBM PC cga graphics card
ega - IBM PC ega graphics card
vga - IBM PC vga graphics card
sigma - IBM PC sigma graphics card.
mswin - IBM PC Microsoft Windows.
os2pm - IBM PC OS/2 Presentation Manager
grx - the contributed GRX graphics library that
is available with DJGPP (GNU for PCs).
Sun, X11, apollo, grx, mswin, os2pm, next, hercules, cga
and ega support double buffering.
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 3
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Note 2 :- If device is a NULL or a null string the value
of the environment variable "VDEVICE" is taken as the
device type to be opened.
Note 3 :- after init it is wise to explicitly
clear the screen.
e.g.: in C
color(BLACK);
clear();
or in Fortran
call color(BLACK)
call clear
or in Pascal
Color(BLACK);
Clear;
vexit()
Reset the window/terminal (must be the last VOGLE rou-
tine called)
Fortran:
subroutine vexit
C:
vexit()
Pascal:
procedure Vexit;
voutput(path)
Redirect output from *next* vinit to file given by
path. This routine only applies to devices drivers that
write to stdout e.g. postscript and hpgl.
Fortran:
subroutine voutput(path)
character*(*) path
C:
voutput(path)
char *path;
Pascal:
procedure Voutput(path: string_t)
vnewdev(device)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Reinitialize VOGLE to use a new device without changing
attributes, viewport etc. (eg. window and viewport
specifications)
Fortran:
subroutine vnewdev(device)
character *(*) device
C:
vnewdev(device)
char *device;
Pascal:
VnewDev(device: string_t)
vgetdev(device)
Gets the name of the current VOGLE device. The C ver-
sion of the routine also returns a pointer to it's
argument.
Fortran:
subroutine vgetdev(device)
character *(*) device
C:
char *
vgetdev(device)
char *device;
Pascal:
procedure VgetDev(var device: string_t)
pushdev(device)
Initialize a new device without changing attributes,
viewport etc, but save the previously initialised dev-
ice on a stack.
Note, this is intended to completely change the device,
it won't work if you pushdev the same device that you
are already running. (This will be fixed at a later
date).
Fortran:
subroutine pushdev(device)
character *(*) device
C:
pushdev(device)
char *device;
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 5
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Pascal:
PushDev(device: string_t)
popdev()
Pops a device off the device stack and reinstates the
previously pushed device.
Fortran:
subroutine popdev()
C:
popdev()
Pascal:
PopDev
getdepth()
Returns the number of bit planes (or color planes) for
a particular device. The number of colors displayable
by the device is then 2**(nplanes-1)
Fortran:
integer function getdepth()
C:
int
getdepth()
Pascal:
function GetDepth(): integer;
Routines For Setting Up Windows.
Some devices are basically window orientated - like sunview
and X11. You can give vogle some information on the window
that it will use with these routines. These can make your
code very device independant. Both routines take arguments
which are in device space. (0, 0) is the top left hand
corner in device space. To have any effect these routines
must be called before vinit. For the X11 device, an entry
may be made in your .Xdefaults file of the form
vogle.Geometry =150x500+550+50 (where you specify your
geometry as you please).
prefposition(x, y)
Specify the preferred position of the window opened by
the *next* vinit.
Fortran:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 6
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
subroutine prefposition(x, y)
integer x, y
C:
prefposition(x, y)
int x, y;
Pascal:
procedure PrefPosition(x, y: integer)
prefsize(width, height)
Specify the preferred width and height of the window
opened by the *next* vinit.
Fortran:
subroutine prefsize(width, height)
integer width, height
C:
prefsize(width, height)
int width, height;
Pascal:
procedure PrefSize(width, height: integer)
General Routines.
clear()
Clears the screen to the current colour.
Fortran:
subroutine clear
C:
clear()
Pascal:
procedure Clear
color(col)
Set the current colour. The standard colours are as
follows:
black = 0 red = 1 green = 2 yellow = 3
blue = 4 magenta = 5 cyan = 6 white = 7.
Fortran:
subroutine color(col)
integer col
C:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 7
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
color(col)
int col;
Pascal:
procedure Color
mapcolor(indx, red, green, blue)
Set the color map index indx to the color represented
by (red, green, blue). If the device has no color map
this call does nothing.
Fortran:
subroutine mapcolor(indx, red, green, blue)
integer indx, red, green, blue
C:
mapcolor(indx, red, green, blue)
int indx, red, green, blue;
Pascal:
procedure MapColor(indx, red, green, blue: integer)
clipping(onoff)
Turn clipping on or off. Non-zero is considered on.
Note: on some devices turning clipping off may not be a
good idea.
Fortran:
subroutine clipping(onoff)
logical onoff
C:
clipping(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure Clipping(onoff: boolean)
getkey()
Return the ascii ordinal of the next key typed at the
keyboard. If the device has no keyboard getkey returns
-1.
Fortran:
integer function getkey
C:
int
getkey()
Pascal:
function GetKey(): integer;
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
checkkey()
Returns zero if no key is pressed or the ascii ordinal
of the key that was pressed.
Fortran:
integer function checkkey()
C:
int
checkey()
Pascal:
function CheckKey(): integer;
getstring(bcol, string)
Read in a string, echoing it in the current font, using
the current color and the current transformation. bcol
is the background color which is used for erasing char-
acters after a backspace or a delete key is received.
Getstring interprets the Backspace key (ascii 8) and
the Del key (ascii 127) as erasing characters. An EOT
(ascii 4) or a Carraige return (ascii 13) will ter-
minate input. Getstring returns the number of charac-
ters read. Getstring does not check for overflow in the
input buffer string
Fortran:
integer function getstring(bcol, string)
integer bcol
character *(*) string
C:
int
getstring(bcol, string)
int bcol;
char *string;
Pascal:
function GetString(bcol: integer; var string: string_t): integer;
locator(xaddr, yaddr)
Find out where the cursor is. xaddr and yaddr are set
to the current location in world coordinates. The func-
tion returns a bit pattern which indicates which but-
tons are being held down eg. if mouse buttons 1 and 3
are down locator returns binary 101 (decimal 7). The
function returns -1 if the device has no locator capa-
bility. Note: if you have been doing a lot of 3-D
transformations xaddr and yaddr may not make a lot of
sense. In this case use slocator.
Fortran:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 9
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
integer function locator(xaddr, yaddr)
real xaddr, yaddr
C:
int
locator(xaddr, yaddr)
float *xaddr, *yaddr;
Pascal:
function Locator(var xaddr, yaddr: real): integer;
slocator(xaddr, yaddr)
Find out where the cursor is. xaddr and yaddr are set
to the current location in screen coordinates. The
return value of the function is set up in the same way
as with locator. If the device has no locator device
slocator returns -1.
Fortran:
integer function slocator(xaddr, yaddr)
real xaddr, yaddr
C:
int
slocator(xaddr, yaddr)
float *xaddr, *yaddr;
Pascal:
function Slocator(var xaddr, yaddr: real): integer;
On some devices (particularly X11) considerable speedups in
display can be achieved by not flushing each graphics primi-
tive call to the actual display until necessary. VOGLE
automatically delays flushing under in following cases:
- Within a callobj() call.
- Within curves and patches.
- Within Hershey software text.
- When double buffering (the flush is only done within swapbuffers).
There are two user routines that can be used to control
flushing.
vsetflush(yesno)
Set global flushing status. If yesno = 0 (.false.) then
don't do any flushing (except in swapbuffers(), or
vflush()). If yesno = 1 (.true.) then do the flushing
as described above.
Fortran:
subroutine vsetflush(yesno)
logical yesno
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 10
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
C:
void
vsetflush(yesno)
int yesno;
Pascal:
procedure VsetFlush(yesno: boolean);
vflush()
Call the device flush or syncronisation routine. This
forces a flush.
Fortran:
subroutine vflush
C:
void
vflush();
Pascal:
procedure Vflush;
Viewport Routines.
viewport(left, right, bottom, top)
Specify which part of the screen to draw in. Left,
right, bottom, and top are real values in screen coor-
dinates (-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
subroutine viewport(left, right, bottom, top)
real left, right, bottom, top
C:
viewport(left, right, bottom, top)
float left, right, bottom, top;
Pascal:
procedure ViewPort(left, right, bottom, top: real);
pushviewport()
Save current viewport.
Fortran:
subroutine pushviewport
C:
pushviewport()
Pascal:
procedure PushViewPort;
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 11
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
popviewport()
Retrieve last viewport.
Fortran:
subroutine popviewport
C:
popviewport()
Pascal:
procedure PopViewPort;
getviewport(left, right, bottom, top)
Returns the left, right, bottom and top limits of the
current viewport in screen coordinates (-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
subroutine getviewport(left, right, bottom, top)
real left, right, bottom, top
C:
getviewport(left, right, bottom, top)
float *left, *right, *bottom, *top;
Pascal:
procedure GetViewPort(var left, right, bottom, top: real)
Getting the aspect details
Often the screen is not perfectly square and it would be
nice to use the extra space without having to turn clipping
off. The following routines are provided to get the values
needed to adjust the calls to viewport, etc as needed.
getaspect()
Returns the ratio height over width of the display dev-
ice.
Fortran:
real function getaspect()
C:
float
getaspect()
Pascal:
function GetAspect(): real;
getfactors(wfact, hfact)
Returns wfact as the width over min(width of device,
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 12
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
height of device) and hfact as the height over
min(width of device, height of device).
Fortran:
subroutine getfactors(w, h)
real w, h
C:
getfactors(w, h)
float *w, *h;
Pascal:
procedure GetFactors(var w, h: real)
getdisplaysize(w, h)
Returns the width and height of the device in pixels in
w and h respectively.
Fortran:
subroutine getdisplaysize(w, h)
real w, h
C:
getdisplaysize(w, h)
float *w, *h;
Pascal:
procedure GetDisplaySize(var w, h: real)
expandviewport()
When Vogle does viewport calculations, it will normally
begin by using the largest square it can fit onto the
actual display device. This call says to use the whole
device... however you must then take into account any
distortion that will occur due to the non square map-
ping. Thus, a viewport of (-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0) will
map into the whole display device.
Fortran:
subroutine expandviewport
C:
expandviewport()
Pascal:
procedure ExpandViewport
unexpandviewport()
Does the reverse of expandviewport. Basically, it
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 13
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
returns vogle to using the largest square of the device
for it's viewport calculations.
Fortran:
subroutine unexpandviewport
C:
unexpandviewport()
Pascal:
procedure UnExpandViewport
Attribute Stack Routines.
The attribute stack contains the following details:
current color index
filling/hatching status
hatch pitch and angle
Linestyle and linestyle status
Doublebuffer status
Text rotation
Text size
Text justification
Text fixedwidth status
Text status (hardware or software)
Text font.
If you need to prevent object calls form changing these, use
pushattributes before the call and popattributes after.
pushattributes()
Save the current attributes on the attribute stack.
Fortran:
subroutine pushattributes
C:
pushattributes()
Pascal:
procedure PushAttributes;
popattributes()
Restore the attributes to what they were at the last
pushattribute().
Fortran:
subroutine popattributes
C:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 14
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
popattributes()
Pascal:
procedure PopAttributes;
Projection Routines.
All the projection routines define a new transformation
matrix, and consequently the world units. Parallel projec-
tions are defined by ortho or ortho2. Perspective projec-
tions can be defined by perspective and window.
ortho(left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
Define x (left, right), y (bottom, top), and z (near,
far) clipping planes. The near and far clipping planes
are actually specified as distances along the line of
sight. These distances can also be negative. The
actual location of the clipping planes is z = -near_d
and z = -far_d.
Fortran:
subroutine ortho(left, right, bottom, top, near_d, far_d)
real left, right, bottom, top, near_d, far_d
C:
ortho(left, right, bottom, top, near_d, far_d)
float left, right, bottom, top, near_d, far_d;
Pascal:
procedure Ortho(left, right, bottom, top, near_d, far_d: real)
ortho2(left, right, bottom, top)
Define x (left, right), and y (bottom, top) clipping
planes.
Fortran:
subroutine ortho2(left, right, bottom, top)
real left, right, bottom, top
C:
ortho2(left, right, bottom, top)
float left, right, bottom, top;
Pascal:
procedure Ortho2(left, right, bottom, top: real)
perspective(fov, aspect, near, far)
Specify a perspective viewing pyramid in world coordi-
nates by giving a field of view, aspect ratio and the
distance from the eye of the near and far clipping
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 15
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
plane.
The fov, specifies the field of view in the y direc-
tion. It is the range of the area that is being viewed.
The aspect ratio is the ratio x/y (width/height) which
determines the fov in the x direction.
Fortran:
subroutine perspective(fov, aspect, near, far)
real fov, aspect, near, far
C:
perspective(fov, aspect, near, far)
float fov, aspect, near, far;
Pascal:
procedure Perspective(fov, aspect, near, far: real)
window(left, right, bot, top, near, far)
Specify a perspective viewing pyramid in world coordinates by
give the rectangle closest to the eye (ie. at the near clipping
plane) and the distances to the near and far clipping planes.
Fortran:
subroutine window(left, right, bot, top, near, far)
real left, right, bot, top, near, far
C:
window(left, right, bot, top, near, far)
float left, right, bot, top, near, far;
Pascal:
procedure Window(left, right, bot, top, near, far: real)
Matrix Stack Routines.
pushmatrix()
Save the current transformation matrix on the matrix
stack.
Fortran:
subroutine pushmatrix
C:
pushmatrix()
Pascal:
procedure PushMatrix
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 16
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
popmatrix()
Retrieve the last matrix pushed and make it the current
transformation matrix.
Fortran:
subroutine popmatrix
C:
popmatrix()
Pascal:
procedure PopMatrix
Viewpoint Routines.
Viewpoint routines alter the current tranformation matrix.
polarview(dist, azim, inc, twist)
Specify the viewer's position in polar coordinates by
giving the distance from the viewpoint to the world
origin, the azimuthal angle in the x-y plane, measured
from the y-axis, the incidence angle in the y-z plane,
measured from the z-axis, and the twist angle about the
line of sight.
Fortran:
subroutine polarview(dist, azim, inc, twist)
real dist, azim, inc, twist
C:
polarview(dist, azim, inc, twist)
float dist, azim, inc, twist;
Pascal:
procedure PolarView(dist, azim, inc, twist: real)
up(x, y, z)
Specify the world up. This can be used to prevent
lookat's sometimes annoying habit of turning everything
upside down due to the line of sight crossing the
appropriate axis.
Fortran:
subroutine up(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
up(x, y, z)
float x, y, z;
Pascal:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 17
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
procedure Up(x, y, z: real)
lookat(vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist)
Specify the viewer's position by giving a viewpoint and
a reference point in world coordinates. A twist about
the line of sight may also be given.
The viewpoint is at (vx, vy, vz). The reference (or
viewed) point is at (px, py, pz). ie the line of site
is from v to p. The twist parameter is a righthand
rotation about the line of site.
Fortran:
subroutine lookat(vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist)
real vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist
C:
lookat(vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist)
float vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist;
Pascal:
procedure LookAt(vx, vy, vz, px, py, pz, twist: real)
Move Routines.
move(x, y, z)
Move current graphics position to (x, y, z). (x, y, z)
is a point in world coordinates.
Fortran:
subroutine move(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
move(x, y, z)
float x, y, z;
Pascal:
procedure Move(x, y, z: real)
rmove(deltax, deltay, deltaz)
Relative move. deltax, deltay, and deltaz are offsets
in world units.
Fortran:
subroutine rmove(deltax, deltay, deltaz)
real deltax, deltay, deltaz
C:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 18
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
rmove(deltax,deltay)
float deltax, deltay, deltaz;
Pascal:
procedure Rmove(deltax, deltay, deltaz: real)
move2(x, y)
Move graphics position to point (x, y). (x, y) is a
point in world coordinates.
Fortran:
subroutine move2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
move2(x, y)
float x, y;
Pascal:
procedure Move2(x, y: real)
rmove2(deltax, deltay)
Relative move2. deltax and deltay are offsets in world
units.
Fortran:
subroutine rmove2(deltax, deltay)
real deltax, deltay
C:
rmove2(deltax, deltay)
float deltax, deltay;
Pascal:
procedure Rmove2(deltax, deltay: real)
smove2(x, y)
Move current graphics position in screen coordinates
(-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
subroutine smove2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
smove2(x, y)
float x, y;
Pascal:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 19
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
procedure Smove2(x, y: real)
rsmove2(deltax, deltay)
Relative smove2. deltax, and deltay are offsets in
screen units (-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
subroutine rsmove2(deltax, deltay)
real deltax, deltay
C:
rsmove2(deltax, deltay)
float deltax, deltay;
Pascal:
procedure Rsmove2(deltax, deltay: real)
Linestyles.
Linestyles are specified by giving a nominal length of a
single dash and a character string consisting of 1's and 0's
(zeros) that specify when to draw a dash and when not to
draw a dash. Linestyles will follow curves and "go around"
corners. If a linestyle is set or reset, the accumulated
information as to where on a curve (or line) a dash is to be
draw is also reset.
For example, with a nominal view of -1 to 1, setting the
dash length to 0.5, and the linestyle to '11010' would draw
a line(or curve) with a 1.0 unit solid part, followed by a
0.5 unit blank part followed by a 0.5 unit solid part fol-
lowed by a 0.5 unit blank part. The linestyle would then
repeat itself.
The dash sizes are affected by the current
viewport/transformation scaling factors, meaning that in
perspective, the dashes look smaller the farther away they
are.
setdash(dashlen)
Set the current dash length (in world units) to be
dashlen.
Fortran:
subroutine setdash(dashlen)
real dashlen
C:
setdash(dashlen)
float dashlen;
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Pascal:
procedure SetDash(dashlen: real)
linestyle(style)
Set the current linestyle to style.
Fortran:
subroutine linestyle(style)
character *(*) style
C:
linesyle(style)
char *style;
Pascal:
procedure LineStyle(style: string_t)
Drawing Routines.
draw(x, y, z)
Draw from current graphics position to (x, y, z). (x,
y, z) is a point in world coordinates.
Fortran:
subroutine draw(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
draw(x, y, z)
float x, y, z;
Pascal:
procedure Draw(x, y, z: real)
rdraw(deltax, deltay, deltaz)
Relative draw. deltax, deltay, and deltaz are offsets
in world units.
Fortran:
subroutine rdraw(deltax, deltay, deltaz)
real deltax, deltay, deltaz
C:
rdraw(deltax, deltay, deltaz)
float deltax, deltay, deltaz;
Pascal:
procedure Rdraw(deltax, deltay, deltaz: real)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
draw2(x, y)
Draw from current graphics position to point (x, y).
(x, y) is a point in world coordinates.
Fortran:
subroutine draw2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
draw2(x, y)
float x, y;
Pascal:
procedure Draw2(x, y: real)
rdraw2(deltax,deltay)
Relative draw2. deltax and deltay are offsets in world
units.
Fortran:
subroutine rdraw2(deltax, deltay)
real deltax, deltay
C:
rdraw2(deltax, deltay)
float deltax, deltay;
Pascal:
procedure Rdraw2(deltax, deltay: real)
sdraw2(x, y)
Draw in screen coordinates (-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
subroutine sdraw2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
sdraw2(x, y)
float x, y;
Pascal:
procedure Sdraw2(x, y: real)
rsdraw2(deltax, deltay)
Relative sdraw2. delatx and deltay are in screen units
(-1.0 to 1.0).
Fortran:
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
subroutine rsdraw2(deltax, deltay)
real deltax, deltay
C:
rsdraw2(deltax, deltay)
float deltax, deltay;
Pascal:
procedure Rsdraw2(deltax, deltay: real)
Arcs and Circles.
circleprecision(nsegs)
Set the number of line segments making up a circle.
Default is currently 32. The number of segments in an
arc or sector is calculated from nsegs according the
span of the arc or sector. This replaces the routine
arcprecision.
Fortran:
subroutine circleprecision(nsegs)
integer nsegs
C:
circleprecision(nsegs)
int nsegs;
Pascal:
procedure CirclePrecision(nsegs: integer)
arc(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
Draw an arc. x, y, and radius are values in world
units.
Fortran:
subroutine arc(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
real x, y, radius;
real startang, endang;
C:
arc(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
float x, y, radius;
float startang, endang;
Pascal:
procedure Arc(x, y, radius, startang, endang: real)
sector(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
Draw a sector. x, y, and radius are values in world
units. Note: sectors are regarded as polygons, so if
polyfill or polyhatch has been called with 1, the sec-
tors will be filled or hatched accordingly.
Fortran:
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
subroutine sector(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
real x, y, radius;
real startang, endang;
C:
sector(x, y, radius, startang, endang)
float x, y, radius;
float startang, endang;
Pascal:
procedure Sector(x, y, radius, startang, endang: real)
circle(x, y, radius)
Draw a circle. x, y, and radius are values in world
units. Note: circles are regarded as polygons, so if
polyfill or polyhatch has been called with 1, the cir-
cle will be filled or hatched accordingly.
x and y real coordinates in user units.
Fortran:
subroutine circle(x, y, radius)
real x, y, radius
C:
circle(x, y, radius)
float x, y, radius;
Pascal:
procedure Circle(x, y, radius: real)
Curve Routines.
curvebasis(basis)
Define a basis matrix for a curve.
Fortran:
subroutine curvebasis(basis)
real basis(4,4)
C:
curvebasis(basis)
float basis[4][4];
Pascal:
procedure CurveBasis(basis: Matrix44_t)
curveprecision(nsegs)
Define the number of line segments used to draw a
curve.
Fortran:
subroutine curveprecision(nsegs)
integer nsegs
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 24
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
C:
curveprecision(nsegs)
int nsegs;
Pascal:
procedure CurvePrecision(nsegs: integer)
rcurve(geom)
Draw a rational curve.
Fortran:
subroutine rcurve(geom)
real geom(4,4)
C:
rcurve(geom)
float geom[4][4];
Pascal:
procedure Rcurve(geom: Matrix44_t)
curve(geom)
Draw a curve.
Fortran:
subroutine curve(geom)
real geom(3,4)
C:
curve(geom)
float geom[4][3];
Pascal:
procedure Curve(geom: Matrix43_t)
curven(n, geom)
Draw n - 3 overlapping curve segments. Note: n must be
at least 4.
Fortran:
subroutine curven(n, geom)
integer n
real geom(3,n)
C:
curven(n, geom)
int n;
float geom[][3];
Pascal:
procedure Curven(n: integer; geom: GeomMat_t)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Rectangles and General Polygon Routines.
rect(x1, y1, x2, y2)
Draw a rectangle.
Fortran:
subroutine rect(x1, y1, x2, y2)
real x1, y1, x1, y2
C:
rect(x1, y1, x2, y2)
float x1, y1, x2, y2;
Pascal:
procedure Rect(x1, y1, x2, y2: real)
polyfill(onoff)
Set the polygon fill flag. This will always turn off
hatching. A non-zero
(.true. ) turns polyfill on.
Fortran:
subroutine polyfill(onoff)
logical onoff
C:
polyfill(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure PolyFill(onoff: boolean)
polyhatch(onoff)
Set the polygon hatch flag. This will always turn off
fill. A non-zero
(.true.) turns polyhatch on. Note that hatched
polygons must initially be defined parrallel to the X-Y
plane.
Fortran:
subroutine polyhatch(onoff)
logical onoff
C:
polyhatch(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure PolyHatch(onoff: boolean)
hatchang(angle)
Set the angle of the hatch lines.
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Fortran:
subroutine hatchang(angle)
real angle
C:
hatchang(angle)
float angle;
Pascal:
procedure HatchAng(angle: real)
hatchpitch(pitch)
Set the distance between hatch lines.
Fortran:
subroutine hatchpitch(pitch)
real pitch
C:
hatchpitch(pitch)
float pitch;
Pascal:
procedure HatchPitch(pitch: real)
poly2(n, points)
Construct an (x, y) polygon from an array of points
provided by the user.
Fortran:
subroutine poly2(n, points)
integer n
real points(2, n)
C:
poly2(n, points)
int n;
float points[][2];
Pascal:
procedure Poly2(n: integer; points: Poly2_array_t)
poly(n, points)
Construct a polygon from an array of points provided by
the user.
Fortran:
subroutine poly(n, points)
integer n
real points(3, n)
C:
poly(n, points)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
int n;
float points[][3];
Pascal:
procedure Poly(n: integer; points: Poly3_array_t)
makepoly()
makepoly opens up a polygon which will then be con-
structed by a series of move-draws and closed by a
closepoly.
Fortran:
subroutine makepoly
C:
makepoly()
Pascal:
procedure MakePoly
closepoly()
Terminates a polygon opened by makepoly.
Fortran:
subroutine closepoly
C:
closepoly()
Pascal:
procedure ClosePoly
backface(onoff)
Turns on culling of backfacing polygons. A polygon is
backfacing if it's orientation in *screen* coords is
clockwise, unless a call to backfacedir is made.
Fortran:
subroutine backface(onoff)
integer onoff
C:
backface(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure BackFace(onoff: boolean)
backfacedir(clockwise)
Sets the backfacing direction to clockwise or
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 28
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
anticlockwise depending on whether clockwise is 1 or 0.
Fortran:
subroutine backfacedir(clockwise)
integer clockwise
C:
backfacedir(clockwise)
int clockwise;
Pascal:
procedure BackFaceDir(clockwise: boolean)
Text Routines.
VOGLE supports hardware and software fonts. The software
fonts are based on the character set digitized by Dr Allen
V. Hershey while working at the U. S. National Bureau of
Standards. Exactly what hardware fonts are supported depends
on the device, but it is guaranteed that the names "large"
and "small" will result in something readable. For X11
displays the default large and small fonts used by the pro-
gram can be overridden by placing the following defaults in
the ~/.Xdefaults file:
vogle.smallfont: <font name>
vogle.largefont: <font name>
It is noted here that text is always assumed to be drawn
parallel to the (x, y) plane, using whatever the current z
coordinate is. The following software fonts are supported:
astrology cursive cyrillic futura.l
futura.m gothic.eng gothic.ger gothic.ita
greek markers math.low math.upp
meteorology music script symbolic
times.g times.i times.ib times.r
times.rb japanese
A markers font "markers" is also provided for doing markers
- you need to have centertext on for this to give sensible
results - with the markers starting at 'A' and 'a'.
If the environment variable "VFONTLIB" is set VOGLE looks
for the software fonts in the directory given by this value.
font(fontname)
Set the current font
Fortran:
subroutine font(fontname)
character*(*) fontname
C:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 29
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
font(fontname)
char *fontname
Pascal:
procedure Font(fontname: string_t)
numchars()
Return the number of characters in the current font.
Applicable only to software fonts.
Fortran:
integer function numchars
C:
int
numchars()
Pascal:
function NumChars: integer;
textsize(width, height)
Set the maximum size of a character in the current
font. Width and height are values in world units. This
only applies to software text. This must be done after
the font being scaled is loaded.
Fortran:
subroutine textsize(width, height)
real width, height
C:
textsize(width, height)
float width, height;
Pascal:
procedure TextSize(width, height: real)
textang(ang)
Set the text angle. This angles strings and chars. This
routine only affects software text.
Fortran:
subroutine textang(ang)
real ang
C:
textang(ang)
float ang;
Pascal:
procedure TexTang(ang: real)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
fixedwidth(onoff)
Turns fixedwidth text on or off. Non-zero (.true.) is
on. Causes all text to be printed fixedwidth. This rou-
tine only affects software text.
Fortran:
subroutine fixedwidth(onoff)
logical onoff
C:
fixedwidth(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure FixedWidth(onoff: boolean)
centertext(onoff)
Turns centertext text on or off. Non-zero (.true.) is
on. This centres strings and chars. This routine only
affects software text. All other justification is
turned off. The text is centered in both the x and y
directions.
Fortran:
subroutine centertext(onoff)
logical onoff
C:
centertext(onoff)
int onoff;
Pascal:
procedure CenterText(onoff: boolean)
textjustify(val)
General (direct) control of text justification. The
value of val is made up of the logical OR of the fol-
lowing predefines constants in vogle.h (FOR C only).
LEFT, RIGHT, XCENTERED, TOP, BOTTOM, YCENTERED. Center-
ing takes priority, as does RIGHT and TOP justification
(if you were silly enough to set it to LEFT|RIGHT for
example that is). A value of 0 (zero) (in all
languages) resets the textjustification to the default.
Fortran:
subroutine textjustify(val)
integer val
C:
textjustify(val)
unsigned val;
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Pascal:
procedure CenterText(val: integer)
leftjustify()
Left justifies text. The text string will begin at the
current position and extend to the notional right.
Right justifcation and X centering are turned off.
Fortran:
subroutine leftjustify
C:
leftjustify()
Pascal:
procedure LeftJustify
rightjustify()
Right justifies text. The text string will begin at a
point to the notional left of the current position and
finish at the current position. Left justification and
X centering are turned off.
Fortran:
subroutine rightjustify
C:
rightjustify()
Pascal:
procedure RightJustify
xcentertext()
Centers text in the X direction. The text string will
begin at a point to the notional left of the current
position and finish at a point to the right of the
current position. Left justification and Right justifi-
cation are turned off.
Fortran:
subroutine xcentertext
C:
xcentertext()
Pascal:
procedure XcenterText
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
topjustify()
Top justifies text. The text string will be drawn with
it's upper edge aligned with the current Y position.
Bottom justification and Y centering are turned off.
Fortran:
subroutine topjustify
C:
topjustify()
Pascal:
procedure TopJustify
bottomjustify()
Bottom justifies text. The text string will be drawn
with it's lower edge aligned with the current Y posi-
tion. Top justification and Y centering are turned
off.
Fortran:
subroutine bottomjustify
C:
bottomjustify()
Pascal:
procedure BottomJustify
ycentertext()
Centers text in the Y direction. The text string will
so that it's center line is aligned with the current y
position. Top justification and Bottom justification
are turned off.
Fortran:
subroutine ycentertext
C:
ycentertext()
Pascal:
procedure YcenterText
getcharsize(c, width, height)
Get the width and height of a character. At the moment
the
getcharsize(c, width, height)
Get the width and height of a character. At the moment
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 33
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
the height returned is always that of the difference
between the maximum descender and ascender.
Fortran:
subroutine getcharsize(c, width, height)
character*1 c
real width, height
C:
getcharsize(c, width, height)
char c;
float *width, *height;
Pascal:
procedure GetCharSize(c: char; var width, height: real)
getfontsize(width, height)
Get the maximum width and height of a character in a
font.
Fortran:
subroutine getfontsize(width, height)
real width, height
C:
getfontsize(width, height)
float *width, *height;
Pascal:
procedure GetFontSize(var width, height: real)
drawchar(c)
Draw the character c. The current graphics position
represents the bottom left hand corner of the character
space, unless centertext has been enabled, where it
represents the "centre" of the character.
Fortran:
subroutine drawchar(c)
character c
C:
drawchar(str)
char c;
Pascal:
procedure DrawChar(c: char)
drawstr(str)
Draw the text in str at the current position. The
current graphics position represents the bottom left
hand corner of the character space, unless centertext
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 34
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
has been enabled, where it represents the "centre" of
the string.
Fortran:
subroutine drawstr(str)
character*(*) str
C:
drawstr(str)
char *str;
Pascal:
procedure DrawStr(str: string_t)
strlength(str)
Return the length of the string s in world units.
Fortran:
real function strlength(str)
character*(*) str
C:
float
strlength(str)
char *str;
Pascal:
function StrLength(str: string_t): real;
boxtext(x, y, l, h, s)
Draw the string s so that it fits in the imaginary box
defined with bottom left hand corner at (x, y), length
l, and hieght h. This only applies to software text.
Fortran:
subroutine boxtext(x, y, l, h, s)
real x, y, l, h
character*(*)
C:
boxtext(x, y, l, h, s)
float x, y, l, h;
char *s;
Pascal:
procedure BoxText(x, y, l, h: real; s: string_t)
boxfit(l, h, nchars)
Set scale for text so that a string of the biggest
characters in the font will fit in a box l by h. l and
h are real values in world dimensions. This only
applies to software text.
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 35
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Fortran:
subroutine boxfit(l, h, nchars)
real l, h
integer nchars
C:
boxfit(l, h, nchars)
float l, h
int nchars
Pascal:
procedure BoxFit(l, h: real; nchars: integer)
Transformations Routines.
All transformations are cumulative, so if you rotate some-
thing and then do a translate you are translating relative
to the rotated axes. If you need to preserve the current
transformation matrix use pushmatrix(), do the drawing, and
then call popmatrix() to get back where you were before.
translate(x, y, z)
Set up a translation.
Fortran:
subroutine translate(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
translate(x, y, z)
float x, y, z;
Pascal:
procedure Translate(x, y, z: real)
scale(x, y, z)
Set up scaling factors in x, y, and z axis.
Fortran:
subroutine scale(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
scale(x, y, z)
float x, y, z;
Pascal:
procedure Scale(x, y, z: real)
rotate(angle, axis)
Set up a rotation in axis axis. Where axis is one of
'x', 'y', or 'z'.
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 36
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Fortran:
subroutine rotate(angle, axis)
real angle
character axis
C:
rotate(angle, axis)
float angle;
char axis;
Pascal:
procedure Rotate(angle: real; axis: char)
Patch Routines.
patchbasis(tbasis, ubasis)
Define the t and u basis matrices of a patch.
Fortran:
subroutine patchbasis(tbasis, ubasis)
real tbasis(4, 4), ubasis(4, 4)
C:
patchbasis(tbasis, ubasis)
float tbasis[4][4], ubasis[4][4];
Pascal:
procedure PatchBasis(tbasis, ubasis: Matrix44_t)
patchprecision(tseg, useg)
Set the minimum number of line segments making up
curves in a patch.
Fortran:
subroutine patchprecision(tseg, useg)
integer tseg, useg
C:
patchprecision(tseg, useg)
int tseg, useg;
Pascal:
procedure PatchPrecision(tseg, useg: integer)
patchcurves(nt, nu)
Set the number of curves making up a patch.
Fortran:
subroutine patchcurves(nt, nu)
integer nt, nu
C:
patchcurves(nt, nu)
int nt, nu;
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 37
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Pascal:
procedure PatchCurves(nt, nu: integer)
rpatch(gx, gy, gz, gw)
Draws a rational patch in the current basis, according
to the geometry matrices gx, gy, gz, and gw.
Fortran:
subroutine rpatch(gx, gy, gz, gw)
real gx(4,4), gy(4,4), gz(4,4), gw(4,4)
C:
rpatch(gx, gy, gz, gw)
float gx[4][4], gy[4][4], gz[4][4], gw[4][4];
Pascal:
procedure Rpatch(gx, gy, gz, gw: Matrix44_t)
patch(gx, gy, gz)
Draws a patch in the current basis, according to the
geometry matrices gx, gy, and gz.
Fortran:
subroutine patch(gx, gy, gz)
real gx(4,4), gy(4,4), gz(4,4)
C:
patch(gx, gy, gz)
float gx[4][4], gy[4][4], gz[4][4];
Pascal:
procedure Patch(gx, gy, gz: Matrix44_t)
Point Routines.
point(x, y, z)
Draw a point at x, y, z
Fortran:
subroutine point(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
point(x, y, z)
real x, y, z;
Pascal:
procedure Point(x, y, z: real)
point2(x, y)
Draw a point at x, y.
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 38
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Fortran:
subroutine point2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
point2(x, y)
float x, y;
Pascal:
procedure Point2(x, y: real)
Object Routines.
Objects are graphical entities created by the drawing rou-
tines called between makeobj and closeobj. Objects may be
called from within other objects. When an object is created
most of the calculations required by the drawing routines
called within it are done up to where the calculations
involve the current transformation matrix. So if you need to
draw the same thing several times on the screen but in dif-
ferent places it is faster to use objects than to call the
appropriate drawing routines each time. Objects also have
the advantage of being saveable to a file, from where they
can be reloaded for later reuse. Routines which draw or move
in screen coordinates, or change device, cannot be included
in objects.
makeobj(n)
Commence the object number n.
Fortran:
subroutine makeobj(n)
integer n
C:
makeobj(n)
int n;
Pascal:
procedure MakeObj(n: integer)
closeobj()
Close the current object.
Fortran:
subroutine closeobj()
C:
closeobj()
Pascal:
procedure CloseObj
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 39
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
genobj()
Returns a unique object identifier.
Fortran:
integer function genobj()
C:
int
genobj()
Pascal:
function GenObj: integer
getopenobj()
Return the number of the current object.
Fortran:
integer function getopenobj()
C:
int
getopenobj()
Pascal:
function GetOpenObj: integer
callobj(n)
Draw object number n.
Fortran:
subroutine callobj(n)
integer n
C:
callobj(n)
int n;
Pascal:
procedure CallObj(n: integer)
isobj(n)
Returns non-zero if there is an object of number n.
Fortran:
logical function isobj(n)
integer n
C:
int
isobj(n)
int n;
Pascal:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 40
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
function IsObj(n: integer): boolean;
delobj(n)
Delete the object number n.
Fortran:
subroutine delobj(n)
integer n
C:
delobj(n)
Object n;
Pascal:
procedure DelObj(n: integer);
loadobj(n, filename)
Load the object in the file filename a object number n.
Fortran:
subroutine loadobj(n, filename)
integer n
character*(*) filename
C:
loadobj(n, filename)
int n;
char *filename;
Pascal:
procedure LoadObj(n: integer; filename: string_t)
saveobj(n, filename)
Save the object number n into the file filename. This
call does not save objects called inside object n.
Fortran:
saveobj(n, filename)
integer n
character*(*) filename
C:
saveobj(n, filename)
int n;
char *filename;
Pascal:
procedure SaveObj(n: integer; filename: string_t)
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VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
Double Buffering.
Where possible VOGLE allows for front and back buffers to
enable things like animation and smooth updating of the
screen. The routine backbuffer is used to initialise double
buffering.
backbuffer()
Make VOGLE draw in the backbuffer. Returns -1 if the
device is not up to it.
Fortran:
integer function backbuffer
C:
backbuffer()
Pascal:
function BackBuffer:integer
frontbuffer()
Make VOGLE draw in the front buffer. This will always
work.
Fortran:
subroutine frontbuffer
C:
frontbuffer()
Pascal:
procedure FrontBuffer
swapbuffers()
Swap the front and back buffers.
Fortran:
subroutine swapbuffers
C:
swapbuffers()
Pascal:
procedure SwapBuffers
Position Routines.
getgp(x, y, z)
Gets the current graphics position in world coords.
Fortran:
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 42
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
subroutine getgp(x, y, z)
real x, y, z
C:
getgp(x, y, z)
float *x, *y, *z;
Pascal:
procedure GetGp(var x, y, z: real)
getgpt(x, y, z, w)
Gets the current transformed graphics position in world
coords.
Fortran:
subroutine getgpt(x, y, z, w)
real x, y, z, w
C:
getgpt(x, y, z, w)
float *x, *y, *z, *w;
Pascal:
procedure GetGpT(var x, y, z, w: real)
getgp2(x, y)
Gets the current graphics position in world coords.
Fortran:
subroutine getgp2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
getgp2(x, y)
float *x, *y;
Pascal:
procedure GetGp2(var x, y: real)
sgetgp2(x, y)
Gets the current screen graphics position in screen
coords (-1 to 1)
Fortran:
subroutine sgetgp2(x, y)
real x, y
C:
sgetgp2(x, y)
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 43
VOGLE(3) C Library Functions VOGLE(3)
float *x, *y;
Pascal:
procedure SgetGp2(var x, y: real)
BUGS
We had to make up the font names based on some books of type
faces.
Polygon hatching will give unexpected results unless the
polygon is initially defined in the X-Y plane.
Double buffering isn't supported on all devices.
We don't recommend the use of the smove/sdraw routines.
The yobbarays may be turned on or they may be turned off.
VOGLE 1.3.0 Last change: 15 Jun 1994 44