home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Axion 3D Atlas
/
ATLAS.iso
/
stats
/
92.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1998-01-23
|
15KB
|
352 lines
{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Greece.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Greece"}
{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Greece, click {z,"18.483628,34.871656,28.937254,42.814380",here}{4}!
{2}Location:{4} Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea,
between Albania and Turkey
{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 131,940 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 130,800 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Alabama
{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,210 km
{3}border countries:{4} Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia 228 km
{2}Coastline:{4} 13,676 km
{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
{3}territorial sea:{4} 6 nm
{2}International disputes:{4} complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea;
Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name; border
demarcation with Albania, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian
workers in Greece remain unresolved issues
{2}Climate:{4} temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
{2}Terrain:{4} mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
{3}lowest point:{4} Mediterranean Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mount Olympus 2,917 m
{2}Natural resources:{4} bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble
{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 23%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 8%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 40%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 20%
{3}other:{4} 9%
{2}Irrigated land:{4} 11,900 sq km (1989 est.)
{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} air pollution; water pollution
{2}natural hazards:{4} severe earthquakes
{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification
{2}Geographic note:{4} strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish
Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
{1}People{4}
{2}Population:{4} 10,538,594 (July 1996 est.)
{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 16% (male 899,029; female 837,308)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 68% (male 3,571,918; female 3,542,556)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 16% (male 736,818; female 950,965) (July 1996 est.)
{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.42% (1996 est.)
{2}Birth rate:{4} 9.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Death rate:{4} 9.53 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Net migration rate:{4} 3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.07 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.07 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.78 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 78.1 years
{3}male:{4} 75.6 years
{3}female:{4} 80.78 years (1996 est.)
{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.37 children born/woman (1996 est.)
{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Greek(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Greek
{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Greek 98%, other 2%
{3}note:{4} the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
{2}Religions:{4} Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
{2}Languages:{4} Greek (official), English, French
{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 95%
{3}male:{4} 98%
{3}female:{4} 93%
{1}Government{4}
{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Hellenic Republic
{3}conventional short form:{4} Greece
{3}local long form:{4} Elliniki Dhimokratia
{3}local short form:{4} Ellas
{3}former:{4} Kingdom of Greece
{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
{2}Capital:{4} Athens
{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos)and 1 autonomous region*;
Ayion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki,
Dhodhekanisos, Drama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia,
Ioannina, Iraklion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkira, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios,
Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia,
Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala,
Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos
{2}Independence:{4} 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 25 March (1821) (proclamation of the war of independence)
{2}Constitution:{4} 11 June 1975
{2}Legal system:{4} based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and
administrative courts
{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Konstandinos (Kostis) STEPHANOPOULOS (since 10 March 1995) was
elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 10 March 1995 (next to be held by
NA 2000); results - Konstandinos STEPHANOPOULOS was elected by Parliament
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Konstandinos SIMITIS (since 19 January 1996) was
appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister
{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Chamber of Deputies (Vouli ton Ellinon): elections last held 10 October 1993 (next to be held by
NA October 1997); results - PASOK 46.88%, ND 39.30%, Political Spring 4.87%, KKE 4.54%,
and Progressive Left (replaced by Coalition of the Left and Progress) 2.94%; seats - (300 total)
PASOK 170, ND 111, Political Spring 10, KKE 9; note - seating as of January 1996: PASOK 170,
ND 109, Political Spring 11, KKE 9, independent 1
{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Judicial Court, judges appointed for life by the president after
consultation with a judicial council; Special Supreme Tribunal, judges appointed for life by the
president after consultation with a judicial council
{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} New Democracy (ND; conservative), Miltiades EVERT; Panhellenic
Socialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas PAPANDREOU (special congress scheduled for July
1996); Communist Party (KKE), Aleka PAPARIGA; Political Spring, Andonios SAMARAS;
Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos), Nikolaos KONSTANDOPOULOS; Democratic
Social Movement (DIKKI), Dhimitrios TSOVOLAS; Rainbow Coalition, Pavlos VOSKOPOULOS
{2}International organization participation:{4} Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD,
ECE, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM
(guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO,
ZC
{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Loukas TSILAS
{3}chancery:{4} 2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] (202) 939-5800
{3}FAX:{4} [1] (202) 939-5824
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
consulate(s): Atlanta, Houston, and New Orleans
{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Thomas M.T. NILES
{3}embassy:{4} 91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens
{3}mailing address:{4} PSC 108, APO AE 09842
{3}telephone:{4} [30] (1) 721-2951, 8401
{3}FAX:{4} [30] (1) 645-6282
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Thessaloniki
{2}Flag:{4} nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established
religion of the country
{1}Economy{4}
{2}Economic overview:{4} Greece has a mixed capitalist economy. The basic entrepreneurial system
underwent extensive socialist change in 1981-89, which enlarged the public sector from 55% of
GDP in 1981 to about 70% in 1989. Tourism is a major source of foreign exchange, and
agriculture is self-sufficient, except for meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs. Despite a
moderate recovery in industrial output over the last year, the Greek economy remains weak, with
real GDP growth of 1.7%; the country's huge public sector and burgeoning budget deficit are
contributing to a public debt of 120% of GDP. The government's hard drachma policy and public
sector wage restraint are largely responsible for the downward trend in inflation, which is at the
lowest level in 20 years. Investment is likely to be the primary engine for economic growth in
1996. Athens continues to rely heavily on EU aid, which currently amounts to about 4% of GDP.
New Prime Minister SIMITIS's reputation as the architect of Athens' mid-1980s austerity program
suggests that he will pursue prudent economic policies that will bring Greece closer to meeting the
EU criteria for participating in economic and monetary union. SIMITIS faces strong opposition to
further privatization and further austerity.
{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $101.7 billion (1995 est.)
{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 1.7% (1995 est.)
{2}GDP per capita:{4} $9,500 (1995 est.)
{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 11.8%
{3}industry:{4} 22.2%
{3}services:{4} 66% (1994)
{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 8.1% (1995 est.)
{2}Labor force:{4} 4.077 million
{3}by occupation:{4} services 52%, agriculture 23%, industry 25% (1994)
{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 9.6% (1995 est.)
{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $43.2 billion (excluding privatization receipts)
{3}expenditures:{4} $47 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)
{2}Industries:{4} tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining,
petroleum
{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 1.7% (1995 est.)
{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 8,970,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 35.8 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 3,257 kWh (1993)
{2}Agriculture:{4} wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; meat,
dairy products
{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domestic consumption;
serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East
and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; transshipment point for
Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route
{2}Exports:{4} $8.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 34%, fuels 5%
{3}partners:{4} EU 55% (Germany 21%, Italy 14%, France 5.4%, UK 6%), US 5% (1994)
{2}Imports:{4} $21.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} manufactured goods 72%, foodstuffs 15%, fuels 10%
{3}partners:{4} EU 70% (Germany 17%, Italy 17%, France 8%, UK 6%, Japan 3%) (1994)
{2}External debt:{4} $31.2 billion (1995 est.)
{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA
{2}Currency:{4} 1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta
{2}Exchange rates:{4} drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 240.21 (January 1996), 231.60 (1995), 242.60 (1994),
229.26 (1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991)
{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year
{1}Transportation{4}
{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,474 km
standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 100 km double track)
narrow gauge: 887 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (a rack type railway for steep
grades)
{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 130,000 km
{3}paved:{4} 119,210 km (including 116 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 10,790 km (1990 est.)
{2}Waterways:{4} 80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth Canal (6 km)
which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and
shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Piraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected
rivers
{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
{2}Ports:{4} Alexandroupolis, Elevsis, Iraklion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkira, Khalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion,
Patrai, Piraievs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos
{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,051 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,842,200 GRT/52,583,281 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 468, cargo 92, chemical tanker 23, combination bulk 22, combination ore/oil
26, container 40, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 245, passenger 15, passenger-cargo 3,
refrigerated cargo 8, roll-on/roll-off cargo 17, short-sea passenger 84, specialized tanker 3, vehicle
carrier 1
{3}note:{4} Greece owns an additional 1,798 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,291,974 DWT
operating under the registries of Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, Malta, The Bahamas, Hong Kong,
Japan, Hondurus, Portugal, and Singapore (1995 est.)
{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 77
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 15
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 16
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 17
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 21
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)
{1}Communications{4}
{2}Telephones:{4} 5,571,293 (1993 est.)
{2}Telephone system:{4} adequate, modern networks reach all areas; microwave radio relay carries
most traffic; extensive open-wire network; submarine cables to off-shore islands
{3}domestic:{4} microwave radio relay, open wire, and submarine cable
{3}international:{4} tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1
Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean Region)
{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 29, FM 17 (repeaters 20), shortwave 0
{2}Radios:{4} NA
{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 361 (1987 est.)
{2}Televisions:{4} 2.3 million (1993 est.)
{1}Defense{4}
{2}Branches:{4} Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police
{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,675,872
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 2,046,338
males reach military age (21) annually: 76,607 (1996 est.)
{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $4.9 billion, 4.6% of GDP (1995)