Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/87.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 14KB | 341 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Georgia.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Georgia"}


{4}Note: Beset by ethnic and civil strife since independence in 1991, Georgia began to stabilize in
1994. Separatist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been dormant for more than two
years, although political settlements remain elusive. Russian peacekeepers are deployed in both
regions and a UN Observer Mission is operating in Abkhazia. As a result of these conflicts,
Georgia still has about 250,000 internally displaced people. In November 1995, Georgia held
peaceful, generally free and fair nationwide presidential and parliamentary elections. Although the
country continues to suffer from a crippling economic crisis, aggravated by a severe energy
shortage, some progress has been made and the Georgian Government remains committed to
economic reform in cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank. Violence and organized crime
were sharply curtailed in 1995.


{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Georgia, click {z,"36.996416,37.114008,50.034485,47.176618",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 69,700 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 69,700 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than South Carolina

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,461 km
{3}border countries:{4} Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 310 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4} NA

{2}International disputes:{4} none

{2}Climate:{4} warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

{2}Terrain:{4} largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus
Mountains in the south; Kolkhida Lowland opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin
in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
{3}lowest point:{4} Black Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mt'a Mqinvartsveri (Gora Kazbek) 5,048 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil
deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 11%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 4%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 29%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 38%
{3}other:{4} 18%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 4,660 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black
Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Ship Pollution; signed, but not
ratified - Desertification


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 5,219,810 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 22% (male 595,524; female 571,207)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 66% (male 1,643,506; female 1,784,286)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 12% (male 229,910; female 395,377) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} -1.02% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 12.81 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 12.21 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -10.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.92 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.58 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.9 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 22.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 68.09 years
{3}male:{4} 63.43 years
{3}female:{4} 72.98 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Georgian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Georgian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Georgian 70.1%, Armenian 8.1%, Russian 6.3%, Azeri 5.7%, Ossetian 3%,
Abkhaz 1.8%, other 5%

{2}Religions:{4} Christian Orthodox 75% (Georgian Orthodox 65%, Russian Orthodox 10%), Muslim
11%, Armenian Apostolic 8%, unknown 6%

{2}Languages:{4} Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, other 7%

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 99%
{3}male:{4} 100%
{3}female:{4} 98%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Georgia
{3}conventional short form:{4} Georgia
{3}local long form:{4} Sak'art'velos Respublika
{3}local short form:{4} Sak'art'velo
{3}former:{4} Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} T'bilisi

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom
respublika); Abkhazia (Sokhumi), Ajaria (Bat'umi)
{3}note:{4} the administrative centers of the autonomous republics are included in parentheses; there
are no oblasts - the rayons around T'bilisi are under direct republic jurisdiction

{2}Independence:{4} 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 26 May (1991)

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted 17 October 1995

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE
(previously elected Chairman of the Government Council 10 March 1992, Council has since been
disbanded; previously elected Chairman of Parliament 11 October 1992); presidential election last
held 5 November 1995 (next to be held NA April 2001); results - Eduard SHEVARDNADZE 74%;
president's term to last five years
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet of Ministers

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Georgian Parliament: elections last held 5 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
results - CUG 24%, NDP 8%, All Georgia Revival Union 7%, all other parties received less than
5% each; seats - (235 total) number of seats by party NA

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Citizens Union of Georgia (CUG), Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, Zurab
ZHVANIA, general secretary; National Democratic Party (NDP), Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTARIA;
United Republican Party, umbrella organization for parties including the GPF and the Charter 1991
Party, Notar NATADZE, chairman; Georgian Popular Front (GPF), Nodar NATADZE, chairman;
Charter 1991 Party, Tedo PAATASHVILI; Georgian Social Democratic Party (GSDP), Guram
MUCHAIDZE, secretary general; All Georgia Union for Revival, Alsan ABASHIDZE; Christian
Democratic Union (CDU), Irakli SHENGELAYA; Democratic Georgia Union (DGU), Avtandil
MARGIANI; National Independence Party (NIP), Irakliy TSERETELI, chairman; Georgian
Monarchists' Party (GMP), Temur ZHORZHOLIANI; Greens Party; Agrarian Party of Georgia
(APG), Roin LIPARTELIANI; United Communist Party of Georgia (UCP), Panteleimon
GIORGADZE, chairman

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} supporters of ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDIA
(deceased 1 January 1994) remain a source of opposition; separatist elements in the breakaway
region of Abkhazia

{2}International organization participation:{4} BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Tedo JAPARIDZE
{3}chancery:{4} (temporary) Suite 424, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador William H. COURTNEY
{3}embassy:{4} #25 Antoneli Street, T'bilisi 380026
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [7] [phone], 93-38-03
{3}FAX:{4} [7] [phone]

{2}Flag:{4} maroon field with small rectangle in upper hoist side corner; rectangle divided horizontally
with black on top, white below


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Georgia's economy has traditionally revolved around Black Sea tourism;
cultivation of citrus fruits, tea, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and a small
industrial sector producing wine, metals, machinery, chemicals, and textiles. The country imports
the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable internal energy
resource is hydropower. Since 1991 the economy has sustained severe damage from civil strife.
Georgia has been suffering from acute energy shortages, as it is having problems paying for even
minimal imports. Georgia is pinning its hopes for long-term recovery largely on reestablishing trade
ties with Russia and on developing international transportation through the key Black Sea ports of
P'ot'i and Bat'umi. Statistical estimates on Georgia are subject to a particularly wide margin of
error, even compared with other FSU countries. The GDP estimate below probably does not
reflect much of its grass roots economic activity. GDP is supplemented by considerable EU and
US humanitarian aid.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -11% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,080 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 70.4%
{3}industry:{4} 10.2%
{3}services:{4} 19.4% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 2.2% monthly average (first half 1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 2.763 million
{3}by occupation:{4} industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 25%, other 44% (1990)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} officially less than 5% but real unemployment may be more than 20%, with
even larger numbers of underemployed workers

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} steel, aircraft, machine tools, foundry equipment, electric locomotives, tower cranes,
electric welding equipment, machinery for food preparation and meat packing, electric motors,
process control equipment, trucks, tractors, textiles, shoes, chemicals, wood products, wine

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -10% (1995)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 4,410,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 9.1 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 1,526 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} citrus, grapes, tea, vegetables, potatoes; small livestock sector

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic consumption; used
as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $140 million (c.i.f., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products; diverse types of machinery;
ferrous and nonferrous metals; textiles; chemicals; fuel re-exports
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan

{2}Imports:{4} $250 million (f.o.b., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport equipment
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey; note - EU and US send humanitarian food shipments

{2}External debt:{4} $1.2 billion (of which $135 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $28 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, 1992-95, $1,200 million ($675 million disbursements)

{2}Currency:{4} lari introduced September 1995 replacing the coupon

{2}Exchange rates:{4} laris per US$1 - 1.24 (end December 1995)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,570 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
{3}broad gauge:{4} 1,570 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 35,100 km
{3}paved:{4} 31,200 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 3,900 km (1990 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440 km (1992)

{2}Ports:{4} Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 307,765 GRT/483,567 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 8, cargo 2, oil tanker 12, short-sea passenger 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 28
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 4
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 6 (1994 est.)
Transportation note: transportation network is in poor condition and disrupted by ethnic conflict,
criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network lacks maintenance and repair


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 672,000 (1993 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} poor service; 339,000 unsatisfied applications for telephones (December 1990
est.)
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} landline to CIS members and Turkey; satellite earth station - 1 Eutelsat; leased
connections with other countries via the Moscow international gateway switch; international
electronic mail and telex service available

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 3

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal
and border troops)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,288,291
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,021,632
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 40,654 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $60 million to $65 million, NA% of GDP (1995)