Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/18.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 10KB | 297 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Bahra.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Bahrain"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Bahrain, click {z,"41.712880,19.300406,59.408437,32.745220",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 620 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 620 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

{2}Land boundaries:{4} 0 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 161 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
contiguous zone: 24 nm
{3}continental shelf:{4} extending to boundaries to be determined
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary
with Qatar

{2}Climate:{4} arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
{3}lowest point:{4} Persian Gulf 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 2%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 6%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 90%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 10 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of
drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea
vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and
distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the
only sources for all water needs

{2}natural hazards:{4} periodic droughts; dust storms

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity

{2}Geographic note:{4} close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian
Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 590,042 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 31% (male 92,455; female 89,554)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 67% (male 236,048; female 156,556)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 2% (male 7,956; female 7,473) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.27% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 23.58 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 3.29 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 2.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.51 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.33 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 17.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 74.27 years
{3}male:{4} 71.78 years
{3}female:{4} 76.83 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 3.08 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Bahraini(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Bahraini

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Bahraini 63%, Asian 13%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%, other 6%

{2}Religions:{4} Shi'a Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim 25%

{2}Languages:{4} Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 85.2%
{3}male:{4} 89.1%
{3}female:{4} 79.4%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} State of Bahrain
{3}conventional short form:{4} Bahrain
{3}local long form:{4} Dawlat al Bahrayn
{3}local short form:{4} Al Bahrayn

{2}Type of government:{4} traditional monarchy

{2}Capital:{4} Manama

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 12 municipalites (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah,
Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar
Rifa'wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah;
note - all municipalities administered from Manama

{2}Independence:{4} 15 August 1971 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 16 December (1971)

{2}Constitution:{4} 26 May 1973, effective 6 December 1973

{2}Legal system:{4} based on Islamic law and English common law

{2}Suffrage:{4} none

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} Amir ISA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 2 November 1961) is a traditional Arab
monarch; Heir Apparent HAMAD bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (son of the Amir, born 28 January
1949)
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 19 January 1970) was
appointed by the amir
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the amir

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative
powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992

{2}Judicial branch:{4} High Civil Appeals Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} political parties prohibited

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist
groups are active; following the arrest of a popular Shi'a cleric, Shi'a activists fomented unrest
sporadically from late 1994 to September 1995, demanding the return of an elected National
Assembly and an end to unemployment

{2}International organization participation:{4} ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Muhammad ABD AL-GHAFFAR al-Abdallah
{3}chancery:{4} 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 342-0742
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} New York

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador David M. RANSOM
{3}embassy:{4} Building No. 979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Zinj District, Manama
{3}mailing address:{4} FPO AE 09834-5100; P.O. Box 26431, Manama (International Mail)
{3}telephone:{4} [973] 273-300
{3}FAX:{4} [973] 272-594

{2}Flag:{4} red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} In Bahrain, petroleum production and processing account for about 80% of
export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. Economic conditions have
fluctuated with the changing fortunes of oil since 1985, for example, during and following the Gulf
crisis of 1990-91. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is
home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consists
of petroleum products made from imported crude. Unemployment, especially among the young,
and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic
problems.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -2% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $12,000 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 3% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 140,000
{3}by occupation:{4} industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 3% (1982)
{3}note:{4} 42% of labor force is Bahraini

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 25% (1994 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.38 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 13% (1992)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 1,050,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 3.3 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 5,453 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish

{2}Exports:{4} $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum and petroleum products 80%, aluminum 7%
{3}partners:{4} India 20%, Japan 14%, Saudi Arabia 7%, US 6%, UAE 5% (1994)

{2}Imports:{4} $3.29 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%
{3}partners:{4} Saudi Arabia 37%, US 12%, UK 6%, Japan 5%, Germany 4% (1994)

{2}External debt:{4} $2.6 billion (1993)

{2}Economic aid:{4} $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1 - 0.3760 (fixed rate)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4} 0 km

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,671 km
{3}paved:{4} 2,011 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 660 km (1991 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km

{2}Ports:{4} Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 117,060 GRT/194,061 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 1, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, oil tanker 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 73,552 (1987 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} modern system; good domestic services and excellent international
connections
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia;
submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 320,000 (1993 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 2 (1988 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 270,000 (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense, Coast Guard, Police Force

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 213,792
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 118,702 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $247 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994)