a submarine designed and developed by an Englishman, the Rev. George William Garrett of Liverpool. Nordenfelt II was actually registered in London as a merchant vessel - the mv Nordenfelt - as there was no classification for a submarine at that time!
In 1887, a second Nordenfelt boat was built at Barrow. This vessel, designated Nordenfelt IV but unnamed, at launch, was 125ft long, displaced 230 tons, had a hull form more like that of a conventional ship, and achieved a speed of 14 knots.
The Nordenfelts were not particularly successful. When operating near the surface they were fast and manageable, but when completely submerged they lacked longitudinal stability.
The first Nordenfelt was sold to Turkey and, after being
