home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
- These programs originally appeared in Hot CoCo magazine, June 1983,
- pages 94 to 107. They were written for the Color Computer by Delmar E.
- Searls (see end of this document) and I converted them to the PC with
- some adjustments to the program. These versions do not save the images
- created as the original programs did but the graphics drawn as pretty
- much the same as the original. In CGA the graphics are slightly
- stretched out in the vertical due to the shape of the CGA's pixel (dot
- on the screen). In EGA the drawings are pretty much the same as the
- photos that were contained within the article in Hot CoCo Magazine and
- are pretty much what I obtained with the Color Computers 256x96
- resolution at that time.
-
- The basic versions are in CGA, 640x200 resolution. The size of
- the graphic is controlled by the `(30*' or `(25*' values depending on
- the program (option). The general location on the screen is at 320
- horizontal and 100 vertical. I made some adjustments to 90 and 110 on
- vertical to keep some displays in the center of the screen.
-
- I took all the separate segments and assembled them into one
- basic program titled GRAPHCGA. The program in both basic and compiled
- basic using Microsoft's Quick Basic. I was a firm believer in
- Borland's Turbo Basic but Quick Basic is much faster. I have included
- BRUN30.EXE which is needed to run the compiled programs. Make sure it
- is somewhere on your path. I keep my copy in my utility directory.
-
- I also made an assembled version in EGA, 640x350 resolution and
- is titled GRAPHEGA. I was able to use screen 9 to get the EGA mode.
- There also is a VGA, 640x480 resolution and is titled GRAPHVGA.
-
- At the completion of each graphic the computer makes a tone every
- one and a half seconds without displaying anything on the screen. This
- is to notify you that the graphic has been completed. If you plan to
- do any screen dumps to a file or to the printer this is the time to do
- it. If you press any key a prompt of `Press <R>epeat, <N>ext or
- <E>xit' appears on line twenty five. Pressing <R> will repeat the
- current graphic and you may change the inputs if so desired. Pressing
- <N> proceeds to the next graphic and it's input statements. Pressing
- <E> exits the program. Upper or lower case is acceptable.
-
- In the EGA and VGA versions I made the displays as large as
- possible changing most of the `30's to `60's/'70's and those options
- using `30 and 25' to `50/60 and 42/52' (same ratio). Other than these
- two changes the EGA, VGA, and CGA versions are the same.
-
- I worked these out on an 80286 12 mhz turbo and the display speed
- will vary depending on the machine. On the original Color Computer it
- took several minutes to draw some of these and the time should be a
- little faster on a 4.77 mhz PC since the .EXE programs are compiled
- programs (run 10 to 100 times faster). So be prepared for a little
- wait on some machines if you do not have an 80286 machine.
-
- The programs prompt you for all or part of the following, (1)
- LINE DENSITY. A MAX of 8 is suggested. (2) DOT DENSITY. 16, 32 and 64
- are suggested. (3) VIEWING ANGLE. 65 to 75 degrees is suggested. In
- all the segments and assembled programs the author's defaults are
- built in. If you enter something like 100 degrees you start seeing the
- bottom side of the graphic. On EGA and VGA color systems the bottom
- side is yellow and if any yellow is showing this is the bottom side or
- parts there of. This bottom color is not possible in CGA 2 color
- 640x200 screen. If you press <ENTER> on any or all of these prompts
-
-
-
-
-
-
- you get a pretty good display.
-
- I have also included the program CROSS-SE for Cross Section and
- is only useful in basic so you can change line 1010. This is to let
- you experiment with cross sections changing the values in line 1010 in
- the basic version. If you change the assembled versions you will have
- to find the appropriate line since these were renumbered as I added
- the separate segments together.
-
- You can run the Cross Section "and can eliminate many
- possibilities by viewing these cross sections. Make note of those
- functions that look promising and try them out in one of the display
- programs. In the Basic exponential function is written EXP( ), where
- some expression involving R is placed inside the parentheses. This
- expression in the exponent of the number "e" (about 2.718). It would
- be equally suitable, from a graphing standpoint, to use some other
- base such as 2 or 3. The function would be written as 2^( ) or 3^( ),
- where again an expression involving R goes in the parentheses.
-
- If the base is a number greater than one, then the expressing
- inside the parentheses (the exponent) should be negative or zero. If
- the exponent is positive, the altitude will quickly become too large
- to plot. Z=EXP(-R), Z=1.5*2^(-R*r), and Z=2*3^(-R*R/4)-1 are all
- examples where the exponent is a negative or zero. Remember that R is
- a distance and is always positive. The negative sign in each of the
- exponents makes the exponent negative, or zero at most. Each of the
- would produce a display resembling a mound.
-
- The height of the mound is determined by the multiplies (if any)
- in front. The first would have a height of 1, the second a height of
- 1.5, and the third a height of 2. In addition, if the display for the
- third Z function would be lower on the screen because a 1 was
- subtracted from the height calculation.
-
- The trigonometric functions (sine and cosine) produce the graphs
- that look like ripples in a pond. In Basic these functions are written
- SIN( ) and COS( ), where once more they contain some expression
- involving R. The values will range from -1 to 1, with the sine
- function zero at the origin, and the cosine function equal to one at
- the origin. The range can be adjusted by multiplying the trig function
- by some number or by some other function (such as the exponential).
-
- Most of the displays commonly seen are combinations of
- trigonometric functions or of trigonometric and exponential functions.
- This is where the trial and error process enters in; you enter a
- function in line 1010 and see what you get. If you don't like it, try
- again."
-
- There are three different display programs in the basic and
- assembled versions.
-
- I hope you enjoy this as it is. The magazine article is pretty
- complex and extensive. If you can get the above mentioned copy of the
- magazine you can copy or read the original instructions. I have tried
- to cover what is done to use the program CROSS-SE which is the
- author's listing 5 in the article.
-
- James Huckabey
- 3621-A Fraser Street
- Bellingham, WA 98226
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Original author is;
-
- Delmar E. Searls
- 1825 S. Johnstone
- Bartlesville, OK 74003
-
- as of June 1983 when the article was published ...
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-