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- Severe thunderstorms can create incredible violence as they pass
- over an area. Among their most devastating aspects are downbursts.
-
- A downburst is a severe localized wind blasting down from a
- thunderstorm. These strong downward currents are classified by
- meteorologists as microbursts if the downburst covers an area less
- than 2.5 miles in diameter and as macrobursts if the downburst
- covers an area of at least 2.5 miles in diameter.
-
- Wind shear is any sudden change of speed or direction in wind flow.
- Since a microburst is a sudden vertical drop of air, it is considered a
- type of wind shear.
-
- Aviation pilots are particularly wary of microbursts. Their smaller size
- makes them less detectable and harder to avoid than larger
- macrobursts.
-
- When a pilot encounters a microburst upon takeoff or landing, the
- downward force of the wind pushes the plane back toward the ground.
- The pilot must lift the plane up and out of the microburst to keep the
- plane in the air.
-
- On August 2, 1985, an accident occurred at Dallas-Fort Worth
- International Airport which was caused by wind shear. At
- approximately 6:00 p.m., minutes before the plane was about to come
- in for a landing, a small thunderstorm was in the vicinity of the airport.
- Neither the crew nor air traffic control was aware that below what
- appeared to be a rather insignificant thunderstorm existed a strong
- downdraft of cold, dense
- air.
-
- Upon final approach, the pilot ran into the microburst and was unable
- to lift out of it. He lost control of the aircraft, hitting several objects on
- the ground before finally crashing into a water tank near the runway.
-
- One hundred and thirty-three people were killed and 31 were injured in
- this weather-related airline disaster.
-
- Since this crash, methods of detecting wind shear associated with
- severe thunderstorms have been greatly improved through the
- implementation of Doppler radar.
-
- Although today's Doppler radar has an impressive success rate in
- identifying problems associated with wind shear, it is not 100 percent
- accurate. Pilots must still anticipate undetected areas of downdraft
- when flying near a thunderstorm.
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