article \IGrammar:\j\b\i an indefinite article. See \Jarticle\j\b\i.
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\Ha-\h
a prefix meaning not or without, as in \Iasymmetrical\j\b\i. A variant is \Ban-\j\b\i, as in \Ianarchy\j\b\i. Greek
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\Haardvark\h
\Pnoun\p a large, burrowing, African mammal with a long snout and ears, which feeds on termites and ants. Afrikaans \Iaarde\j\b\i earth + \Ivark\j\b\i pig
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\Hab-\h
a prefix meaning off, from or away from, as in \Iabnormal\j\b\i. Latin
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\Haback\h
\Padverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i backwards.
\Btaken aback\j\b\i, 'she was \Itaken aback\j\b\i by his rudeness' (= startled).
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\Habacus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1abb\j\b\ia-kus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device used for counting by sliding beads along thin rods set in a frame.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a flat slab forming part of the top of a column. Greek \Iabakos\j\b\i of a tablet
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\Habaft\h
\Padverb\p, preposition \INautical:\j\b\i at or towards the stern.
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\Habalone\h
\Isay\j\b\i abba-\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p an edible marine snail with an ear-shaped shell lined with mother-of-pearl. Spanish
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\Habandon\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to leave something without intending to return for it: 'we had to \Iabandon\j\b\i all our possessions and flee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stop going on with: 'we \Iabandoned\j\b\i the search after four days with no results'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the child \Iabandoned\j\b\i himself to grief' (= surrendered).
\Babandon\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a freedom from restraint: 'the class cheered with great \Iabandon\j\b\i'. \Babandonment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habase\h
\Pverb\p to humble or degrade: 'the prisoner \Iabased\j\b\i himself before the judge'. \Babasement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habashed\h
\Padjective\p ashamed or embarrassed. \Babash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Habate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to lessen in amount or intensity. \Babatement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habattoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1abb\j\b\ia-twar \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a place where cattle, sheep, etc. are killed for food. French
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\Habbey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1abb\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p a) a monastery or convent. b) a church or house that was once part of an abbey, such as Westminster Abbey. \Babbot\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the male head of an abbey; \Babbess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the female head of an abbey.
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\Habbreviate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bree\j\b\ivi-ate \Pverb\p to shorten or contract, especially a word or phrase.
\Babbreviation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of abbreviating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shortened form of a word, especially one using only the first letter or letters. Compare \Jcontraction\j\b\i. Seab-\j\b\i + Latin \Ibrevis\j\b\i short
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\Habdicate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to renounce the throne.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give up a claim, position, privilege, etc. \Babdication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habdomen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\ida-m'n \Pnoun\p also called the \Bbelly\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the region below the chest at the front of the trunk, containing the intestines. \Babdominal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1domm\j\b\ii-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin
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\Habduct\h
\Pverb\p to take away a person, illegally or by force. Compare \Jkidnap\j\b\i. \Babduction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Babductor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who abducts someone. Latin \Iabductus\j\b\i led away
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\Habeam\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1beem\j\b\i \Padverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i abreast of the middle of a ship.
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\Haberration\h
\Isay\j\b\i abba-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a deviation from the normal course: 'he destroyed his own work in a moment of \Iaberration\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the distortion of an image produced by a lens or mirror. \BSpherical aberration\j\b\i is a lack of clear focus caused by the use of a spherical rather than a parabolic surface and \Bchromatic aberration\j\b\i is the presence of coloured fringes in the image cast by a simple lens. \Baberrant\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1berr\j\b\ient), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iaberrare\j\b\i to wander away
causing disgust or horror. \Babhorrently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babhorrence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabhorrere\j\b\i to shrink back
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\Habide\h
\Pverb\p (\Babided\j\b\i or \Babode\j\b\i, \Babiding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to continue or remain.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word meaning to dwell.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tolerate: 'I can't \Iabide\j\b\i fools'.
\Babide by\j\b\i, 'he \Iabided by\j\b\i his decision' (= kept to). \Babidance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Babode\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the place where one lives.
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\Hability\h
\Pnoun\p the quality of being able to do something. Latin \Ihabilitas\j\b\i aptitude
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\Habiogenesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i abbio-\CX1jenn\j\b\ia-sis \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1by\j\b\i-o-jenna-sis \Pnoun\p See \Jspontaneous generation\j\b\i. Sea-\j\b\i + Greek \Ibios\j\b\i life + \Igenesis\j\b\i creation
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\Habiu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\i-beeoo \Pnoun\p a fruit with a shiny yellow skin.
\CX13.\j\b\i wretched: 'he lived in \Iabject\j\b\i poverty'. \Babjectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babjection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Seab-\j\b\i + Latin \Ijactus\j\b\i thrown
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\Habjure\h
\Pverb\p to renounce publicly a belief, opinion, etc. \Babjuration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabjurare\j\b\i to deny on oath
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\Hablative case\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\ila-tiv case \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hablaze\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p on fire or lit up: 'the town was \Iablaze\j\b\i with lights'.
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\Hable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i clever: 'he is an \Iable\j\b\i man'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the skill to do something: 'are you \Iable\j\b\i to drive a car?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i having the opportunity or permission to do something: 'will you be \Iable\j\b\i to start work tomorrow?'. \Bably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ihabilis\j\b\i fit, apt
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\H-able\h
a suffix indicating: a) ability or tendency, as in \Iobtainable\j\b\i; b) worthiness, as in \Ilikable\j\b\i. A variant is \B-ible\j\b\i, as in \Ivisible\j\b\i.
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\Hable-bodied\h
\Padjective\p healthy or strong.
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\Habled\h
\Padjective\p not suffering from a physical or mental disability.
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\Hablution\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bloo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the act of washing oneself.
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\Habnegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\ini-gate \Pverb\p to renounce.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I will not \Iabnegate\j\b\i my rights in this matter' (= give up). \Babnegation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabnegare\j\b\i to deny
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\Habnormal\h
\Padjective\p different from what is normal or expected. \Babnormally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babnormality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haboard\h
\Padverb\p, preposition on a ship, aircraft, etc.
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\Habode\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bode\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IWord Family:\j\b\i See \Jabide\j\b\i.
\Babode\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Babide\j\b\i.
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\Habolish\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bol\j\b\i-ish \Pverb\p to put an end to: 'it took many years to \Iabolish\j\b\i the slave trade'. \Babolition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i abba-\CX1lish\j\b\i'n), \Babolishment\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Habomasum\h
\Isay\j\b\i abba-\CX1may\j\b\i-z'm \Pnoun\p the true stomach of ruminant mammals, e.g. cows. Seab-\j\b\i + Latin \Iomasum\j\b\i a paunch
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\HA-bomb\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Batomic bomb\j\b\i
See \Jnuclear weapon\j\b\i.
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\Habominable\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bomm\j\b\iina-b'l \Padjective\p dreadful or shocking. \Babominably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babomination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is abominable; \Babominate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to detest.
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\HAborigine\h
\Isay\j\b\i abba-\CX1rij\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p a) any of the original inhabitants of Australia. b) any of their languages. c) any of the original inhabitants of a country. \BAboriginal\j\b\i, \Baboriginal\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \BAboriginal\j\b\i, \Baboriginal\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Latin \Iab origine\j\b\i from the beginning Seaborigine, aboriginal\j\b\i. There is little agreement about a standard approach to using \IAborigine\j\b\i and \IAboriginal\j\b\i. The approach preferred by this dictionary is to use both \IAborigine\j\b\i and \IAborigines\j\b\i as \Pnoun\ps ('one \IAborigine\j\b\i in a tribe of \IAborigines\j\b\i') and \IAboriginal\j\b\i as an \Padjective\p ('\IAboriginal\j\b\i rock art'). \IAborigine\j\b\i and \IAboriginal\j\b\i always have an initial capital letter when they refer to the indigenous people of Australia.
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\Habortifacient\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-borti-\CX1fay\j\b\i-sh'nt \Padjective\p of or relating to any substance inducing an abortion. \Babortifacient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habortion\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bore\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the expulsion or removal of a human foetus from the uterus before the foetus is capable of independent survival, usually before the 28th week.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is a failure.
\CX13.\j\b\i a monstrous creature or thing. \Babort\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Babortive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unsuccessful; \Babortionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabortus\j\b\i a miscarriage
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\Habound\h
\Pverb\p to be plentiful.
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\Habout\h
preposition, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i around: 'he looked \Iabout\j\b\i as he walked'.
\CX12.\j\b\i on the subject of: 'what is the book \Iabout\j\b\i?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i approximately: 'she ran about 14 kilometres'.
\CX14.\j\b\i engaged in doing: 'what are you \Iabout\j\b\i?'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Babout to\j\b\i, 'she is \Iabout to\j\b\i jump' (= just going to).
\Bup and about\j\b\i, 'she won't be \Iup and about\j\b\i for at least a week' (= out of bed, active).
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\Habout-face\h
\Pverb\p about-turn to turn so as to face the opposite direction. \Babout-face\j\b\i, \Babout-turn\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a sudden reversal.
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\Habove\h
\Padverb\p, preposition in a higher position: 'the sun rose \Iabove\j\b\i the horizon'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there were \Iabove\j\b\i 400 people at the meeting' (= more than). \Babove\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haboveboard\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p open and honest.
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\Habracadabra\h
\Isay\j\b\i abra-ka-\CX1dab\j\b\ira interjection an exclamation used as a magic spell.
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\Habrade\h
\Pverb\p to scrape off or wear away by rubbing.
\Babrasion\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of abrading.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where something has been rubbed away. \Babrasive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) serving to abrade, b) (of a personality, etc.) harsh, irritating or annoying; \Babrasive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which abrades. Latin \Iabradere\j\b\i to scrape off
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\Habreast\h
\Padverb\p side by side.
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\Habridge\h
\Pverb\p to shorten: 'the book was \Iabridged\j\b\i for publication in serial form'. \Babridgement\j\b\i, \Babridgment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habroad\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i in or to another country: 'we went \Iabroad\j\b\i for our holidays'.
\CX12.\j\b\i outside: 'he did not venture \Iabroad\j\b\i all day'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'vicious rumours are \Iabroad\j\b\i' (= circulating).
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\Habrogate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\ira-gate \Pverb\p to repeal or annul. \Babrogation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabrogare\j\b\i to repeal
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\Habrupt\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sudden or unexpected.
\CX12.\j\b\i discourteously brief, especially in manner. \Babruptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babruptness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habscess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p an acute, local, bacterial infection containing pus, such as a boil. \Babscessed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Habscissa\h
\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1siss\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the horizontal distance of a point from the origin of a graph; the \Ix\j\b\i coordinate. Compare \Jordinate\j\b\i.
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\Habscission\h
\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act of cutting off. \Babscind\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1sind\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Habscond\h
\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1skond\j\b\i \Pverb\p to leave suddenly or secretly, especially after doing wrong: 'she \Iabsconded\j\b\i with the money'. Latin \Iabscondere\j\b\i to hide away
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\Habseil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\i-sale \Pverb\p to move down a steep slope by using a double rope.
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\Habsent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i away: 'she was \Iabsent\j\b\i from school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i inattentive or preoccupied: 'he had an \Iabsent\j\b\i look about him'. \Babsent\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1sent\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to take or keep (oneself) away; \Babsently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babsence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Babsentee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i abs'n-\CX1tee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is absent. Latin \Iabsens\j\b\i being away
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\Habsenteeism\h
\Isay\j\b\i abs'n-\CX1tee\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p the practice of staying away from one's place of work, study, property, etc., habitually or without good excuse or permission.
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\Habsent-minded\h
\Padjective\p vague or forgetful. \Babsent-mindedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babsent-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habsolute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\isa-loot \Padjective\p complete, perfect or unlimited: a) 'the day was an \Iabsolute\j\b\i success'; b) 'the dictator had \Iabsolute\j\b\i power'. \Babsolutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iabsolutus\j\b\i freed
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\Habsolute alcohol\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i ethyl alcohol, at least 99 per cent pure by mass.
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\Habsolute humidity\h
See \Jhumidity\j\b\i.
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\Habsolute majority\h
a winning number of votes which is more than the combined votes received by all other candidates or parties in an election.
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\Habsolute temperature\h
\IPhysics\j\b\i: the temperature measured from absolute zero.
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\Habsolute zero\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the lowest temperature possible, which is equal to 0 kelvin (-273.15░C).
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\Habsolutism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\isa-loo-tizm \Pnoun\p the principle or practice of absolute power and control, especially in government. \Babsolutist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of absolutism; \Babsolutist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Habsolve\h
\Pverb\p to pardon or release from guilt, blame, obligation, etc. \Babsolution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i absa-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Habsorb\h
\Pverb\p to take in or soak up: 'the sponge \Iabsorbed\j\b\i the water'. Compare \Jadsorb\j\b\i.
\IUsages\j\b\i:
a) 'she was completely \Iabsorbed\j\b\i by the book' (= engrossed).
b) 'the international corporation \Iabsorbed\j\b\i its competitors' (= took over).
c) 'a black surface tends to \Iabsorb\j\b\i heat, whereas a white surface tends to reflect it' (= retain). \Babsorbent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Babsorption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Seab-\j\b\i + Latin \Isorbere\j\b\i to suck in
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\Habstain\h
\Pverb\p to refrain voluntarily from doing something: a) 'some people \Iabstain\j\b\i from drinking alcohol'; b) 'he \Iabstained\j\b\i from voting'. \Babstinence\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\isti-nence), \Inoun\j\b\i, self-restraint; \Babstention\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of abstaining; \Babstainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who abstains. Latin \Iabstinere\j\b\i to keep away from
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\Habstemious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1stee\j\b\imius \Padjective\p tending to eat and drink sparingly.
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\Habstract\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ab\j\b\i-strakt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i concerning things which have no real or physical existence, such as ideas.
\CX12.\j\b\i based on theory: '\Iabstract\j\b\i arguments'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i not representing people or things, but relying on colour, form, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she had a vague, \Iabstracted\j\b\i look' (= preoccupied, withdrawn). \Babstractly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babstraction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabstractus\j\b\i drawn away
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\Habstract noun\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jnoun\j\b\i.
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\Habstruse\h
\Isay\j\b\i ab-\CX1strewce\j\b\i \Padjective\p obscure or difficult to understand: 'I couldn't follow the lawyer's \Iabstruse\j\b\i argument'. \Babstrusely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babstruseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iabstrusus\j\b\i hidden See \Jobtuse\j\b\i.
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\Habsurd\h
\Padjective\p foolish or illogical. \Babsurdly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Babsurdity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being absurd, b) something which is absurd. Latin \Iabsurdus\j\b\i out of tune
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\Habundance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bun\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p a full or ample supply or amount. \Babundant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Babundantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Habuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1bewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to use wrongly or maltreat: 'never \Iabuse\j\b\i a chisel by using it as a screwdriver'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak insultingly: 'the drunk \Iabused\j\b\i the waiter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to ill-treat or maltreat, especially physically or sexually.
\CX11.\j\b\i of, like or as deep as an abyss: 'your \Iabysmal\j\b\i ignorance appals me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very bad: 'I thought the performance was \Iabysmal\j\b\i'. \Babysmally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iabyssos\j\b\i bottomless
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\Hac-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Hacacia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sha \Pnoun\p any of a group of trees or shrubs, such as the wattle, with very small, yellow flowers massed together into balls or rods.
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\Hacademic\h
\Isay\j\b\i akka-\CX1demm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to learning or studies, especially in a university or similar institution.
\CX12.\j\b\i theoretical rather than practical: 'that is just an \Iacademic\j\b\i quibble'.
\Bacademic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who teaches or does research in a university or other advanced institution. \Bacademically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hacademy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kadd\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scientific or artistic association: 'the Australian \IAcademy\j\b\i of Science'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a private school for practical subjects: 'an \Iacademy\j\b\i of hairdressing'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a private secondary school. Greek \IAkademeia\j\b\i the garden where Plato taught
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\Haccede\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to agree: 'I \Iaccede\j\b\i to your request'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to attain a position, office, etc.: 'the prince \Iacceded\j\b\i to the throne'.
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\Haccelerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sell\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move faster: 'the car \Iaccelerated\j\b\i and passed the truck'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i to change velocity.
\Bacceleration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an increase in swiftness of movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the vector quantity describing the rate of change in velocity of an object, including linear acceleration, expressed in metres per second per second, and angular acceleration, expressed in radians per second per second.
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\Haccelerator\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-sella-\CX1ray\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device to increase or control speed, especially the device in a motor vehicle which controls the throttle.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a device to alter the velocity of subatomic particles: 'a nuclear \Iaccelerator\j\b\i'. See \Jcyclotron\j\b\i.
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\Haccent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular way of \Ppronoun\pcing a language: 'she speaks French with an American \Iaccent\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i any of the marks used with letters, to change their sound or to indicate stress:
a) an \Bacute\j\b\i may indicate stress or pronunciation: \BattachΘ\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tash\j\b\iay).
b) a \Bgrave\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i grahv) generally flattens the vowel sound, as in French: \BpΦre\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pair).
c) a \Bcircumflex\j\b\i indicates a dropped s, as in French: \BarrÉter\j\b\i (= to arrest or stop).
d) a \Btilde\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1til\j\b\ida) introduces the sound of a y, as in Spanish: \Bseûor\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1yor\j\b\i).
e) a \Bcedilla\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1dill\j\b\ia) softens a hard c(k) to a soft c(s) as in French: \Bfaìade\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1sahd\j\b\i).
f) a \Bdieresis\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1err\j\b\ia-sis), placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, indicates that both vowel sounds should be \Ppronoun\pced: \Bno'l\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1el\j\b\i).
g) an \Bumlaut\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1\Iu\j\b\im\j\b\i-lout), indicates a change from the normal vowel sound, as in German: \BK÷ln\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kerln).
\CX13.\j\b\i any stress or emphasis. \Baccent\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sent\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Baccentual\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haccentuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sen\j\b\ichoo-ate \Pverb\p to emphasise. \Baccentuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haccept\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sept\j\b\i \Pverb\p to receive, especially with approval: 'please \Iaccept\j\b\i my apologies'. \Bacceptable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, welcome or worthy of being accepted. Latin \Iacceptus\j\b\i received
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\Hacceptance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of taking or receiving something offered.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i an agreement to pay a draft, order or bill of exchange.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the list of horses accepted to compete in a race.
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\Haccess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-sess \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a means of entry or approach: 'the only \Iaccess\j\b\i to the island is by boat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the right or opportunity of reaching, approaching, etc., such as the right of a divorced parent to visit the children.
\Baccess\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to gain entry to the memory of a computer. b) to obtain data from a computer. \Baccessible\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sess\j\b\ia-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be reached or obtained; \Baccessibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iaccessus\j\b\i an approach
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\Haccession\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of acceding: 'the queen's \Iaccession\j\b\i to the throne'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an addition or increase: 'numbers rose with the \Iaccession\j\b\i of new members'.
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\Haccessory\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1sess\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any extra non-essential item: 'most cars today have a radio as an \Iaccessory\j\b\i'. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) any additional items of clothing, such as shoes, handbags, etc. to complement one's dress.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any person who helps a criminal before or after a crime. Latin \Iaccessio\j\b\i an addition
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\Haccident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\isa-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is unexpected or unintentional: 'I met him by \Iaccident\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any unfortunate event, especially one involving injury: 'a car \Iaccident\j\b\i'.
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\Haccidental\h
\Padjective\p occurring by chance.
\Baccidental\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a sign used before a note to indicate change to a sharp, flat or natural. \Baccidentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Seaccidental\j\b\i, Seincidental\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings: \Iaccidental\j\b\i describes something which occurs unexpectedly or unintentionally, while \Iincidental\j\b\i refers to something which accompanies an event or is of secondary importance.
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\Hacclaim\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1claim\j\b\i \Pverb\p to applaud or express loud approval. \Bacclaim\j\b\i, \Bacclamation\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Iacclamare\j\b\i to shout approval
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\Hacclimatise\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1klime\j\b\i-a-tize \Pverb\p acclimatize to make or become used to something new: 'it took a month to become \Iacclimatised\j\b\i to the tropical heat'. \Bacclimatisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hacclivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1klivv\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p any upward slope.
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\Haccolade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1akk\j\b\ia-lade \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ceremonial touching of the shoulder with a sword, a symbol of the award of knighthood.
\CX12.\j\b\i a special recognition of, or praise for, merit.
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\Haccommodate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1komm\j\b\ia-date \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to do a favour for, especially by providing something: 'can you \Iaccommodate\j\b\i me with a loan?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to adapt: 'it takes a few minutes for my eyes to \Iaccommodate\j\b\i to the dark'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to have rooms or beds for: 'the hotel \Iaccommodates\j\b\i 14 guests'.
\Baccommodation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of accommodating.
\CX12.\j\b\i any rooms provided for visitors or paying guests, such as in a hotel.
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\Haccommodation ladder\h
any steps over the side or stern of a ship by which to climb aboard from boats alongside.
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\Haccompaniment\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kum\j\b\ipni-m'nt \Pnoun\p anything which goes with or adds to another: 'there was no piano \Iaccompaniment\j\b\i for the singer'. \Baccompanist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kum\j\b\ipa-nist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays a musical accompaniment.
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\Haccompany\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kum\j\b\ipa-nee \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to exist, or go, with: 'we will \Iaccompany\j\b\i you to the airport'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or provide an accompaniment to.
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\Haccomplice\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kum\j\b\ipliss \Pnoun\p a partner in crime or wrongdoing.
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\Haccomplish\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kum\j\b\iplish \Pverb\p to bring about or complete successfully: 'he \Iaccomplished\j\b\i his task ahead of time'.
\Baccomplished\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i already done: 'my task is \Iaccomplished\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an acquired skill: 'his many \Iaccomplishments\j\b\i include horseriding and operatic singing'.
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\Haccord\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kord\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to agree or be in harmony: 'what he said today doesn't \Iaccord\j\b\i with what he said yesterday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give or grant: 'he was \Iaccorded\j\b\i a warm welcome'.
\Baccord\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an agreement or harmony: 'the government representative signed the \Iaccord\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bof one's own accord\j\b\i, 'she did it quite \Iof her own accord\j\b\i' (= voluntarily).
\Bwith one accord\j\b\i, 'the whole crowd cheered \Iwith one accord\j\b\i' (= spontaneously together).
\Baccording\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\Baccording to\j\b\i, a) 'we sorted the fruit \Iaccording to\j\b\i size' (= in relation to); b) '\Iaccording to\j\b\i all reports she's quite mad' (= as stated by). \Baccordance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baccordant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Baccordingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, therefore or for that reason.
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\Haccordion\h
\Pnoun\p a portable, keyed musical instrument with bellows and two sets of metal reeds. \Baccordionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haccost\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kost\j\b\i \Pverb\p to greet or approach, often offensively: 'the beggar \Iaccosted\j\b\i me in the street'.
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\Haccount\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any statement which lists, describes or explains: a) 'the radio gave a full \Iaccount\j\b\i of the match'; b) 'the clerk kept the financial \Iaccounts\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an agreement allowing one to buy goods on credit, of which a record is kept.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jbank account\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it's an issue of no \Iaccount\j\b\i' (= importance). \Baccount\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haccountable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be explained.
\CX12.\j\b\i responsible: 'I'm not \Iaccountable\j\b\i for your debts'. \Baccountably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baccountability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haccountant\h
\Pnoun\p a person who records, in a set of books, the financial transactions of a business. \Baccounting\j\b\i, \Baccountancy\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Haccoutrements\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1koo\j\b\itra-m'nts plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soldier's equipment, apart from clothes and weapons.
\CX12.\j\b\i any equipment. \Baccoutre\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1koo\j\b\ita), \Iverb\j\b\i, to equip. French
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\Haccredit\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give credit for: 'she is \Iaccredited\j\b\i with several inventions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to authorise or recognise officially: 'as ambassador she is the \Iaccredited\j\b\i representative of her country'.
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\Haccretion\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kree\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any growth or increase by addition. \Baccrete\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iaccretio\j\b\i an increasing
to occur as a natural increase or addition: 'interest \Iaccrues\j\b\i at 8 per cent a year'.
\Baccrual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of accruing.
\CX12.\j\b\i an entry in an account representing a debt which is due but which has not yet been paid.
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\Haccrued interest\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i See \Jinterest\j\b\i.
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\Hacculturation\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-kulcha-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IAnthropology:\j\b\i the process in which a person or group adopts the customs of a society by social or economic necessity.
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\Haccumulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kew\j\b\i-mew-late \Pverb\p to gather or pile up. \Baccumulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of accumulating, b) a number of things collected together; \Baccumulative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iaccumulare\j\b\i to heap up
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\Haccumulator\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that accumulates.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i any rechargeable battery, such as a car battery.
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\Haccurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-yoorit \Padjective\p free from error or deviation: a) 'my new watch is more \Iaccurate\j\b\i than my old one'; b) 'she made an \Iaccurate\j\b\i guess'. \Baccurately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baccuracy\j\b\i, \Baccurateness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Iaccuratus\j\b\i prepared with care
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\Haccursed\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kerst\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1ker\j\b\ised \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i under a curse.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) hateful or irritating: 'this \Iaccursed\j\b\i knife is blunt'.
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\Haccusative case\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kew\j\b\iza-tiv case \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Haccuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to blame with having done wrong: 'I \Iaccuse\j\b\i you of stealing the money'.
\Baccused\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ILaw:\j\b\i the defendant in a criminal court case. \Baccusation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ak-yoo-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baccusatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haccustom\h
\Pverb\p to become familiar with through use or habit: 'you'll have to \Iaccustom\j\b\i yourself to our strange ways'. \Baccustomed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) familiar with, b) usual or customary.
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\Hace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a playing card with a single pip, the highest or lowest card in its suit.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who excels in a particular field, such as a fighter pilot.
\IUsage\j\b\i: 'the tennis player served an \Iace\j\b\i' (= a service which the opponent could not even touch'. \Bace\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to play an ace.
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\Hacerbic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ser\j\b\i-bik \Padjective\p sharp or bitter. \Bacerbity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bacerbate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ia-bate), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iacerbus\j\b\i bitter
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\Hacetate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ia-tate \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a salt or ester of acetic acid.
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\Hacetic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1see\j\b\itik assid \IChemistry\j\b\i: See \Jethanoic acid\j\b\i.
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\Hacetone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ia-tone \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, highly inflammable liquid (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iCOCH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), used as an industrial solvent, in making rayon, and as nail polish remover.
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\Hacetylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sett\j\b\ia-leen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, poisonous inflammable gas (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i) used in making organic compounds and in welding.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) See \Jalkynes\j\b\i.
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\Hacetylsalicylic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-settil-salla-\CX1sill\j\b\iik assid See \Jaspirin\j\b\i.
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\Hache\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i take \Pnoun\p any dull, continuous pain. \Bache\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hachieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1cheev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to attain or accomplish something. \Bachiever\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who achieves; \Bachievement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HAchilles' heel\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kill\j\b\ieez heel a fatal weakness. after \IAchilles\j\b\i, a hero in Greek mythology, who was vulnerable only in the heel
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\Hachromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-kra-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being colourless, and therefore composed of black, white and grey tones only.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of a lens or mirror) having been corrected for chromatic aberration.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i without accidentals or changes in key.
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\Hacid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a substance which liberates hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. \IExample\j\b\i: hydrochloric acid (formula HCl) dissociates in water to form one hydrogen ion (H{\up6 +\j\b\i) and one chloride ion (Cl{\up6 -\j\b\i). Compare \Jbase (1)\j\b\i.
sharp or bitter: a) 'an \Iacid\j\b\i taste'; b) 'an \Iacid\j\b\i comment'. \Bacidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bacidity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bacidify\j\b\i (\Bacidified\j\b\i, \Bacidifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bacidic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iacidus\j\b\i sour
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\Hacid house\h
any music with a heavy beat which includes dialogue, laughter and screams.
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\Hacid test\h
any decisive or crucial test.
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\Hacidulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sid\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p slightly sour or caustic. \Bacidulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become sour.
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\Hack-ack\h
\Pnoun\p anti-aircraft fire or guns.
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\Hacknowledge\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-\CX1noll\j\b\iij \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to confess or accept responsibility for: 'will you \Iacknowledge\j\b\i your mistake?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mention having received something, etc.: 'I'd like to \Iacknowledge\j\b\i your letter'. \Backnowledgment\j\b\i, \Backnowledgement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hacme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p the peak or highest point: 'the \Iacme\j\b\i of perfection'.
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\Hacne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the skin, common in adolescence, causing pimples.
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\Hacolyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1akk\j\b\ia-lite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a person who assists the priest at religious services, especially at the Eucharist. Also called a \Bserver\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any assistant or helper. Greek \Iakolouthos\j\b\i follower
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\Hacorn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-korn \Pnoun\p the fruit of an oak tree, consisting of a nut with a cup-shaped base.
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\Hacoustic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1koo\j\b\istik \Padjective\p acoustical \CX11.\j\b\i a) of or relating to hearing. b) of or relating to the study of sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i of or relating to any instrument whose sound is not electronically amplified.
\Bacoustics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a branch of physics which studies sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i the properties of a particular space which determine the quality of sound. \Bacoustically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hacoustic coupler\h
a device which converts data from one computer into a form that can be transmitted along telephone lines to another computer.
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\Hacoustic tile\h
a tile made of a soft substance such as cork, etc., used to absorb sound in buildings.
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\Hacquaint\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwaint\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make familiar: 'who will \Iacquaint\j\b\i him with the facts?'.
\Bacquaintance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i familiarity: 'I have no \Iacquaintance\j\b\i with the French language'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person known slightly, as distinct from a friend.
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\Hacquiesce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ak-wee-\CX1ess\j\b\i \Pverb\p to agree or submit passively: 'although I disagree with you, I will \Iacquiesce\j\b\i to avoid argument'. \Bacquiescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bacquiescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Seac-\j\b\i + Latin \Iquiescere\j\b\i to keep quiet
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\Hacquire\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwire\j\b\i \Pverb\p to get or obtain. \Bacquisition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i akwi-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Bacquirement\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a) the act of acquiring, b) something which is acquired.
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\Hacquired immune deficiency syndrome\h
short form is \BAIDS\j\b\i
\IMedical:\j\b\i a generally fatal condition often characterised by multiple diseases resulting from a virus (human immunodeficiency virus - HIV) entering the blood system and destroying the body's natural resistance to infection.
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\Hacquired taste\h
a liking for something gained through experience: 'a preference for blue cheeses is an \Iacquired taste\j\b\i'.
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\Hacquisitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwizz\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p having a liking for or habit of acquiring or collecting things. \Bacquisitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to declare a person free of guilt, especially in a court of law.
\Bto acquit oneself\j\b\i, 'she \Iacquitted herself\j\b\i well in the exam' (= performed). \Bacquittal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hacre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p a unit of area equal to about 0.4 hectare.
\Bacre-foot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a unit of volume for water, equal to an area of one acre to the depth of one foot, or approximately 1.23 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 3\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\im{\up6 3\j\b\i. \Bacreage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an area expressed in acres.
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\Hacrid\h
\Padjective\p sharp or biting: 'an \Iacrid\j\b\i smell of burning rubber'.
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\HAcrilan\h
\Pnoun\p an acrylic fibre used in textiles. a trademark
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\Hacrimonious\h
\Isay\j\b\i akra-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p bitter or resentful. \Bacrimony\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\irima-nee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iacrimonia\j\b\i pungency
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\Hacrobat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\ira-bat \Pnoun\p a skilled entertainer who performs tricks on a tightrope or trapeze.
\Bacrobatics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the feats of an acrobat.
\CX12.\j\b\i any elaborate or agile behaviour. Greek \Iakrobatos\j\b\i walking on tiptoe
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\Hacronym\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\ira-nim \Pnoun\p a word formed from the first letter or letters of several words, such as ANZAC from \IAustralian and New Zealand Army Corps\j\b\i. Greek \Iakros\j\b\i top + \Ionyma\j\b\i name
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\Hacrophobia\h
\Isay\j\b\i akra-\CX1fo\j\b\i-bee-a \Pnoun\p an abnormal fear of heights.
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\Hacropolis\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kropp\j\b\ia-lis \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i any citadel of a Greek city, especially the Acropolis in Athens.
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\Hacross\h
preposition, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i from one side to the other:
(as a preposition) 'a track \Iacross\j\b\i the desert'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'the river is 1 km \Iacross'\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i on the opposite side of:
(as a preposition) 'the house \Iacross\j\b\i the street'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'are you \Iacross\j\b\i yet?'
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\Hacrostic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kross\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p a poem in which the first or last letters of each line form a word. Greek \Iakron\j\b\i end + \Istikhos\j\b\i row
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\Hacrylic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1krill\j\b\iik \Padjective\p being made from acrylic acid (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i.CH.COOH).
\Bacrylic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a quick-drying paint based on acrylic resins and soluble in water.
\CX12.\j\b\i a kind of synthetic cloth.
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\Hacrylic resin\h
any of a group of colourless, transparent plastics which soften when heated, made by polymerising derivatives of acrylic acid. It is often used to make substitutes for glass, such as Perspex.
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\Hact\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) anything done: 'an \Iact\j\b\i of great bravery'. b) the process of doing: 'she was caught in the \Iact\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a law or decree, especially one passed by a parliament.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a) a main division in a play or opera. b) a single item in a programme: 'the next \Iact\j\b\i will be a juggler'.
\Bact\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to do or perform: 'he \Iacted\j\b\i wisely'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take part in a play or film, especially imitating or representing a particular character.
\Bact up\j\b\i, 'without its teacher, this class always \Iacts up\j\b\i' (= misbehaves).
\Bacting\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being a substitute for: 'he is the \Iacting\j\b\i Prime Minister'. \Bacting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the profession of being an actor.
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\Hactinide\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of rare metal elements, numbers 89-103 inclusive, similar to the lanthanides.
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\Hactinium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 89, a dense, radioactive metal found in combination with uranium. See \Jactinide\j\b\i.
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\Haction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the process of acting or doing: 'is the machine in \Iaction\j\b\i yet?'
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the soldiers saw no \Iaction\j\b\i abroad' (= fighting, combat).
\CX12.\j\b\i the manner of acting or operating: 'that racehorse has a very graceful \Iaction\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any legal proceedings: 'they started an \Iaction\j\b\i against the company'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) lively or exciting occurrences: 'where's the \Iaction\j\b\i in this town?'.
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\Haction stations\h
the positions taken up in preparation for combat, activity, etc.
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\Hactivate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put into action or operation. 'press this button to \Iactivate\j\b\i the alarm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to treat a substance, such as charcoal, to increase its chemical activity. \Bactivation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i akti-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hactive\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) being in action: 'only one engine is \Iactive\j\b\i'. b) busy or lively: 'she leads an \Iactive\j\b\i life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a program, file, device or window of a screen, etc.) currently in operation and able to be used.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jvoice\j\b\i. \Bactively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hactivist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who encourages and practises direct action, especially in politics. \Bactivism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hactivity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being active: 'her life was one of constant \Iactivity\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pastime or occupation: 'swimming is usually a summer \Iactivity\j\b\i'.
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\Hact of God\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i an event for which no person was responsible, such as a flood, earthquake, etc.
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\Hactor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who performs a role in a play, film, etc. \Bactress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of actor.
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\Hactual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-tew'l \Padjective\p real or existing. \Bactually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bactuality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bactualise\j\b\i, \Bactualize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make actual; \Bactualisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hactuary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-tew-a-ree \Pnoun\p \IInsurance:\j\b\i a person who calculates risks, rates, etc., based on recorded facts. \Bactuarial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hactuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-tew-ate \Pverb\p to cause to act or move: 'this button \Iactuates\j\b\i the engine'. \Bactuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hacuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kew\j\b\i-it-ee \Pnoun\p sharpness: 'he has great \Iacuity\j\b\i of vision'. Latin \Iacuere\j\b\i to sharpen
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\Hacumen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-yoo-men \Pnoun\p a quickness of mind or perception.
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\Hacupressure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-yoo-presher \Pnoun\p a form of massage which includes applying pressure with needles.
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\Hacupuncture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-yoo-punkcher \Pnoun\p the Chinese technique of puncturing the skin with needles, used as an anaesthetic or to treat and cure illness. Latin \Iacus\j\b\i needle + Sepuncture\j\b\i
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\Hacute\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sharp or keen.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i (of an angle) being less than 90░.
\CX13.\j\b\i intense, severe and usually short-term: a) 'a boil is an \Iacute\j\b\i local infection'; b) 'since the floods there has been an \Iacute\j\b\i shortage of tomatoes'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i requiring immediate treatment: 'the patient needs \Iacute\j\b\i care'.
\Bacute\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i. \Bacutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bacuteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Had\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an advertisement. \Badman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person involved in advertising; \Badmass\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the general public, seen as an audience for advertising.
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\Had-\h
a prefix meaning in the direction of, towards, or in addition, as in \Iadvent\j\b\i. Variants of ad- are: \Bac-\j\b\i (\Iaccess\j\b\i), \Baf-\j\b\i (\Iaffinity\j\b\i), \Bag-\j\b\i (\Iaggression\j\b\i), \Bal-\j\b\i (\Iallegiance\j\b\i), \Ban-\j\b\i (\Iannounce\j\b\i), \Bap-\j\b\i (\Iapproach\j\b\i), \Bar-\j\b\i (\Iarrange\j\b\i), \Bas-\j\b\i (\Iassault\j\b\i), \Bat-\j\b\i (\Iattract\j\b\i). Latin
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\Hadage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a proverb.
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\Hadagio\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dah\j\b\i-jee-o \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i slowly or in a leisurely manner. Italian
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\Hadamant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\ia-m'nt \Padjective\p stubborn or inflexible: 'we were \Iadamant\j\b\i in our decision'. \Badamantine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i adda-\CX1man\j\b\i-tine), \Iadjective\j\b\i, very hard or impenetrable as, for example, a diamond. Greek \Iadamantinos\j\b\i invincible
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\HAdam's apple\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the larynx.
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\Hadapt\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dapt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to alter or adjust: 'one must \Iadapt\j\b\i to change'.
a) the act of adapting. b) anything which has been adapted: 'this film is an \Iadaptation\j\b\i of a novel'. \Badaptable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dap\j\b\ita-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, easily or able to be adapted; \Badaptability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadaptor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that adapts.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any device which fits together parts of different sizes, etc. b) any device which modifies a machine or tool.
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\Hadd\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to find the sum of two or more numbers.
\CX12.\j\b\i to join one thing to another: a) '\Iadd\j\b\i an extension to the house'; b) 'I'd like to \Iadd\j\b\i some advice'.
\Badd up\j\b\i, 'your explanation does not \Iadd up\j\b\i' (= make sense). \Baddition\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of adding, b) something which is added; \Badditional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badditionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haddendum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Baddenda\j\b\i
anything added, such as an appendix to a book. Latin
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\Hadder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick-bodied, poisonous, European snake of the viper family, about 0.6{\shad \j\b\im long.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various Australian snakes.
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\Haddict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\iikt \Pnoun\p a person who cannot free himself or herself from a particular habit, such as smoking. \Baddict\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dikt\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Baddiction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baddictive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing addiction. Latin \Iaddictus\j\b\i surrendered
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\Haddition\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jadd\j\b\i.
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\Hadditive\h
\Pnoun\p anything which is added, such as preservatives in tinned foods. \Badditive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haddled\h
\Padjective\p (of eggs) rotten.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has an \Iaddled\j\b\i mind' (= confused, muddled). \Baddle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hadd-on\h
\Pnoun\p any additional item of equipment which is a supplement or optional extra to the main item.
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\Haddress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the destination of a letter, parcel, etc., written on it. b) the place where someone lives or may be contacted.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal talk made to an audience.
\CX13.\j\b\i a number which indicates a particular place where information is stored in the memory of a computer.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of the Internet) a unique code of letters, and sometimes numbers, which identifies a particular user or computer when transmitting messages, requesting information, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i any adroit or skilful behaviour: 'she handled the matter with great \Iaddress\j\b\i'.
\Baddress\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to speak to: 'in a debate speakers must \Iaddress\j\b\i the chair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to write an address on: '\Iaddress\j\b\i this letter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to direct attention or energy: 'he \Iaddressed\j\b\i himself to the task'. \Baddresser\j\b\i, \Baddressor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who addresses; \Baddressee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, one to whom something is addressed.
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\Hadduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p to offer or present in argument: 'he \Iadduced\j\b\i several reasons for his behaviour'.
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\Hadenine\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jpurine\j\b\i
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\Hadenoids\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\ia-noyds plural \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the lymphatic tissue, similar to the tonsils, in the cavity at the back of the nose, which may affect breathing and speech. \Badenoidal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hadept\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dept\j\b\i \Padjective\p highly skilled or clever. \Badeptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badeptness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badept\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\iept), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is skilled. Latin \Iadeptus\j\b\i having attained
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\Hadequate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\ia-kwit \Padjective\p sufficient or enough. \Badequately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badequacy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\ia-kwa-see), \Inoun\j\b\i. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Iaequus\j\b\i equal
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\Hadhere\h
\Pverb\p to stick: a) 'the label must \Iadhere\j\b\i to the bottle'; b) 'we must \Iadhere\j\b\i to our plans'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of adhering, such as the growing together of living tissues which are not usually joined. b) the state of being adhered.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the force holding molecules of different substances together. Compare \Jcohesion\j\b\i.
\Badhesive\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any substance, such as cement, etc., used for sticking two surfaces together. \Badhesive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badhesiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badherent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who follows or supports a cause, etc.; \Badherent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badherence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iadhaerere\j\b\i to stick to
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\Had hoc\h
for a special purpose: 'we will set up an \Iad hoc\j\b\i committee to deal with the matter'. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Ihoc\j\b\i this Sead hoc\j\b\i is one of several phrases in English that have come straight from Latin. Some of the phrases, such as \Iad hoc\j\b\i, are more usually found in formal English, while words such as \Istatus quo\j\b\i are used more generally. Legal terms have been much influenced by Latin and phrases such as \Isub judice\j\b\i are common in legal contexts. Some Latin phrases appear in English in an abbreviated form, e.g. \Iad lib\j\b\i is a short form of \Iad libitum\j\b\i.
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\Hadiabatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i addia-\CX1batt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of a reaction or a system) taking place without absorbing or giving off energy.
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\Hadieu\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1yer\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1dew\j\b\i interjection goodbye. French \Iα Dieu\j\b\i to God
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\Had infinitum\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad infi-\CX1nite\j\b\i-\Iu\j\b\im without end. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Iinfinitum\j\b\i infinity
\Pnoun\p an entrance or corridor, especially a nearly horizontal, tunnel-like passage leading into a mine.
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\Hadjacent\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1jay\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p next to or near: 'they occupied \Iadjacent\j\b\i seats'.
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\Hadjective\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ajj\j\b\iik-tiv \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i any word which describes or adds to the meaning of a \Pnoun\p or \Ppronoun\p. \IExample\j\b\i: the \Iyoung\j\b\i boy bought a \Ibig\j\b\i book. \Badjectival\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ajjik-\CX1tie\j\b\i-v'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badjectivally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iadjicere\j\b\i to add
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\Hadjoin\h
\Pverb\p to be connected or next to: 'the bedroom \Iadjoins\j\b\i the balcony'.
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\Hadjourn\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1jern\j\b\i \Pverb\p to break off or postpone: 'the meeting was \Iadjourned\j\b\i until the next day'. \Badjournment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of adjourning, b) the state or time of being adjourned.
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\Hadjudge\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1juj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to \Ppronoun\pce a decision, as in a court of law: 'the prisoner was \Iadjudged\j\b\i guilty'.
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\Hadjudicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1joo\j\b\idi-kate \Pverb\p to judge or settle a dispute, etc. \Badjudication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badjudicator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who adjudicates.
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\Hadjunct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ajj\j\b\iunkt \Pnoun\p something added or attached.
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\Hadjure\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1joor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to solemnly command or request: 'he \Iadjured\j\b\i me to silence'. \Badjuration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadjust\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1just\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change the shape, form or position of something, so that it fits: 'please \Iadjust\j\b\i these brakes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to change oneself to match the circumstances: 'it is hard to \Iadjust\j\b\i to a new way of life'. \Badjustment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badjustable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hadjutant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ajj\j\b\ioo-t'nt \Pnoun\p an officer acting as an administrative assistant to a commanding officer. \Badjutancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iadjutare\j\b\i to help
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\Had lib\h
freely, or as one pleases. \Bad-lib\j\b\i (\Bad-libbed\j\b\i, \Bad-libbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to improvise. Latin \Iad libitum\j\b\i at pleasure
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\Hadminister\h
\Pverb\p administrate \CX11.\j\b\i to manage or have charge of: 'the park is \Iadministered\j\b\i by the local council'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give or apply: 'the doctor \Iadministered\j\b\i first aid to the patient'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the nurses \Iadministered\j\b\i to the wounded' (= gave help, etc.)
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\Hadministration\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-minna-\CX1stray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of administering: 'the treasurer was gaoled for dishonest financial \Iadministration\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people appointed to govern, manage or have charge. \Badministrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i: \Badministrative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1minn\j\b\ia-stra-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hadmiral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ad\j\b\ima-r'l \Pnoun\p a commissioned officer of the highest or second highest rank in the navy. \Badmiralty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the top level of administration in the navy. Arabic \Iamir al-\j\b\i commander of the
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\Hadmire\h
\Pverb\p to have a high regard or respect for: 'I \Iadmire\j\b\i the way she makes friends easily'. \Badmirable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ad\j\b\imera-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthy or deserving to be admired; \Badmirably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badmiration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badmiringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badmirer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iadmirari\j\b\i to wonder at
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\Hadmissible\h
\Padjective\p capable or worthy of being allowed or considered: 'a letter is \Iadmissible\j\b\i evidence in a court of law'. \Badmissibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadmission\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of entering. b) the state of being allowed to enter.
\CX12.\j\b\i an entrance fee: '\Iadmission\j\b\i to the concert is $25.50'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of admitting something: 'he made an \Iadmission\j\b\i of guilt to his lawyer'.
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\Hadmit\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give entrance to: 'dogs not \Iadmitted\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to say that one is responsible for something: 'will you \Iadmit\j\b\i to eating all the ice-cream?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to agree that something is true or valid: 'will you \Iadmit\j\b\i that the icecream has disappeared?'. \Badmittance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the right to enter; \Badmittedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without denial.
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\Hadmixture\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of mixing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mixture or its ingredients.
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\Hadmonish\h
\Pverb\p to advise or warn in a firm but gentle manner. \Badmonition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i adma-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badmonitory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Had nauseam\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad \CX1naw\j\b\izi-am to a sickening length or extent. Latin
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\Hado\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1doo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any bustle, excitement or fuss.
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\Hadobe\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1doe\j\b\i-bee \Pnoun\p a sun-dried, mud brick.
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\Hadolescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i adda-\CX1less\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p the period between puberty and adulthood. \Badolescent\j\b\i, \Inoun, \Padjective\p\j\b\i. Latin \Iadolescere\j\b\i to grow up
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\Hadopt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a member of one's family by legal means: 'to \Iadopt\j\b\i a child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make one's own: 'to \Iadopt\j\b\i the customs of a new country'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to accept by vote: 'the committee \Iadopted\j\b\i both suggestions'. \Badoption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badoptee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has been adopted; \Badoptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, related by adoption.
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\Hadore\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to worship or love devotedly.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to like very much: 'I \Iadore\j\b\i ice-cream'.
\Badorable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i enchanting or lovable: 'what an \Iadorable\j\b\i puppy!'. \Badoration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badoringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hadorn\h
\Pverb\p to decorate or make beautiful: a) 'the crown was \Iadorned\j\b\i with jewels'; b) 'his speech was \Iadorned\j\b\i with elaborate phrases'. \Badornment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of adorning, b) something which adorns.
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\Hadrenal\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dree\j\b\in'l \Padjective\p being near the kidneys.
\Badrenal gland\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two small glands forming a cap over each kidney and secreting hormones, including adrenalin, which control a wide range of body functions. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Irenes\j\b\i the kidneys
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\Hadrenalin\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1drenn\j\b\ia-lin \Pnoun\p adrenaline a hormone which is secreted by the adrenal gland and stimulates the heart at times of emotional stress.
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\Hadrift\h
\Padverb\p loose or drifting.
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\Hadroit\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1droyt\j\b\i \Padjective\p skilful or clever: 'she is very \Iadroit\j\b\i in weaving'. \Badroitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badroitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Iα droit\j\b\i rightly
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\Hadsorb\h
\Pverb\p (of a substance) to cling to the surface of another material, e.g. water to skin. Compare \Jabsorb\j\b\i. \Badsorbent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badsorption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Isorbere\j\b\i to suck
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\Hadulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any excessive praise or flattery. \Badulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Badulatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iadulare\j\b\i to fawn like a dog
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\Hadult\h
\Pnoun\p a fully grown, mature animal or plant. \Badulthood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadulterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dul\j\b\ita-rate \Pverb\p to lower the quality or make impure, especially by adding inferior substances: 'this milk is \Iadulterated\j\b\i with water'.
\Badulteration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of adulterating. b) an adulterated substance or condition: 'the preservative made the fruit drink an \Iadulteration\j\b\i'. \Badulterate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badulterant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance which adulterates. Latin \Iadulterare\j\b\i to defile or alter
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\Hadultery\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1dul\j\b\ita-ree \Pnoun\p the act of a married person having sexual intercourse with a person other than his or her spouse. \Badulterer\j\b\i, \Badulteress\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Badulterous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hadumbrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1add\j\b\iam-brate \Pverb\p to give only a faint or shadowy outline, especially of something in the future: 'the scheme is complex, but I will \Iadumbrate\j\b\i its main points'. \Badumbration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Had valorem\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad val-\CX1or\j\b\i-em \ICommerce:\j\b\i (of a tax) proportional to the value of the thing taxed. Latin, according to value
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\Hadvance\h
\Pverb\p to move forward: a) 'the cat \Iadvanced\j\b\i towards the mouse'; b) 'how far have you \Iadvanced\j\b\i with your music lessons?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the bank \Iadvanced\j\b\i me $1000' (= lent).
b) 'being rude will not \Iadvance\j\b\i your cause' (= assist).
c) 'the shares \Iadvanced\j\b\i on the stock exchange' (= rose in price).
\Badvance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a forward movement or progress: 'have you made any \Iadvance\j\b\i in your inquiries?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something done or given before it is actually due, such as a loan or an early payment of a wage.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the boy encouraged her \Iadvances\j\b\i' (= attempts to establish friendly relations).
\Bin advance\j\b\i, 'rent must be paid one month \Iin advance\j\b\i' (= ahead). \Badvancement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadvantage\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1vahn\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is favourable or profitable: 'you will not gain any \Iadvantage\j\b\i by shouting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i the first point after a score of deuce.
\Btake advantage of\j\b\i, a) 'we \Itook advantage of\j\b\i the shelter' (= made use of); b) 'she always \Itakes advantage of\j\b\i his weakness' (= exploits). \Badvantage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to help; \Badvantageous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Badvantageously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hadvection\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the transfer of heat or particles by the horizontal motion of gases, especially air. Compare \Jconvection\j\b\i.
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\Hadvent\h
\Pnoun\p a coming or arrival: 'we'll have to buy warm clothes with the \Iadvent\j\b\i of winter'.
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\Hadventitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i adven-\CX1tish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i occurring by chance or accident.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i occurring in an unusual place, e.g. roots which may grow from branches. Latin \Iadventicius\j\b\i not normally pertaining to
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\Hadventure\h
\Pnoun\p a dangerous or exciting activity or experience.
\Badventurous\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i exciting: 'an \Iadventurous\j\b\i expedition through the jungle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i willing to seek or risk danger: 'an \Iadventurous\j\b\i young explorer'. \Badventure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Badventurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Badventurously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hadverb\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i any word which adds to the meaning of a \Pverb\p, \Padjective\p or other \Padverb\p, by telling how, why, when or where an action takes place. \IExample\j\b\i: the boy walked \Islowly\j\b\i home. \Badverbial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hadverse\h
\Padjective\p unfavourable or opposing one's interests: '\Iadverse\j\b\i weather prevented the picnic'. \Badversary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an opponent. Latin \Iadversus\j\b\i opposite Seadverse, averse\j\b\i both describe opposition, but \Iadverse\j\b\i refers to something which is different from what is expected or desired and suggests misfortune: '\Iadverse\j\b\i weather conditions'; whereas \Iaverse\j\b\i means unwilling or reluctant to do something: 'I am not \Iaverse\j\b\i to doing hard work if it is satisfying'.
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\Hadversity\h
\Pnoun\p any hardship or misfortune: 'in times of \Iadversity\j\b\i we seek help'.
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\Hadvert\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to refer to something: 'the lecturer \Iadverted\j\b\i to the approaching exams'.
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\Hadvertise\h
\Pverb\p to promote or make known to the public, especially through the media: 'the job was \Iadvertised\j\b\i in several newspapers'.
short form is \Bad\j\b\i or \Badvert\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ad\j\b\i-vert)
a public notice or announcement offering service, goods for sale, etc.
\Badvertising\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the use of advertisements.
\CX12.\j\b\i the business of creating, producing and circulating advertisements. \Badvertiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadvertorial\h
\Pnoun\p any published material which appears to be an article but is paid for by an advertiser.
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\Hadvice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an opinion or suggestion: 'we need an expert's \Iadvice\j\b\i to solve this problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of information: 'we received \Iadvice\j\b\i from the bank that the money had arrived from France'. Seadvice, advise\j\b\i. Remember that \Iadvice\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'she gave me some good \Iadvice\j\b\i'; whereas \Iadvise\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p: 'do you wish me to \Iadvise\j\b\i you?', 'they \Iadvised\j\b\i me to wear warm clothes'.
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\Hadvisable\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1vize\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p being the sensible or recommended thing to do: 'it is \Iadvisable\j\b\i to wear a life-jacket when sailing in a small boat'. \Badvisably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Badvisability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hadvise\h
\Isay\j\b\i ad-\CX1vize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give advice to: 'she \Iadvised\j\b\i me to get a haircut'.
\Badvisory\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or giving advice: 'she said a few \Iadvisory\j\b\i words'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the duty or power to advise: 'we will appoint an \Iadvisory\j\b\i committee'. \Badvisedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, after careful thought; \Badviser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Sead-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivisum\j\b\i according to what seems best See \Jadvice\j\b\i.
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\Hadvocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ad\j\b\iva-kit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who recommends or supports a particular cause: 'she is an \Iadvocate\j\b\i of abortion reform'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person, especially a barrister, who presents a case for, or speaks on behalf of, another.
to urge or support, especially by argument. \Badvocacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iadvocare\j\b\i to call in as legal adviser
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\Hadze\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Badz\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a tool with a broad steel blade set at right angles to the handle, used for shaving or shaping wood.
\CX12.\j\b\i an adze-like stone tool from an earlier civilization. \Badze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haegis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-jis \Pnoun\p any protection or patronage: 'under the \Iaegis\j\b\i of the King the subjects grew prosperous'. after \Iaigis\j\b\i, the shield of Zeus in Greek mythology
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\Haeolian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ole\j\b\i-ee-an \Padjective\p a) windswept. b) transported or deposited by wind, e.g. desert sands. after \IAeolus\j\b\i, the lord of the winds in Greek mythology
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\Haeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-on \CX1eon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an immensely long period of time. Greek \Iaion\j\b\i an age
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\Haerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-rate \Pverb\p to add air or gas to a liquid under pressure, as in making lemonade. \Baeration\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i air-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baerator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a device used to aerate liquids.
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\Haerial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\iiul \Pnoun\p also called an \Bantenna\j\b\i
a device which receives or sends out electromagnetic waves.
\Baerial\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) of or existing in the air: 'this tree has \Iaerial\j\b\i roots'. b) from the air: '\Iaerial\j\b\i bombardment'.
\Baerial topdressing\j\b\i, the use of an aeroplane to spread fertiliser. Greek \Ia'r\j\b\i air
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\Haerobatics\h
\Isay\j\b\i aira-\CX1batt\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p any acrobatics carried out by an aeroplane, such as loops or dives. \Baerobatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haerobe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-robe \Pnoun\p any organism which requires oxygen to live. Compare \Janaerobe\j\b\i. \Baerobic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i air-\CX1ro\j\b\i-bik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ia'r\j\b\i air + \Ibios\j\b\i life
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\Haerobics\h
\Isay\j\b\i air-\CX1o\j\b\i-biks plural \Pnoun\p a form of vigorous physical exercise done to music, which stimulates the respiratory and circulatory systems.
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\Haerodrome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\ia-drome \Pnoun\p an airport, especially a small one. Seaero\j\b\i(plane) + Greek \Idromos\j\b\i a running track
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\Haerodynamics\h
\Isay\j\b\i airo-die-\CX1namm\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the motion of gases, especially in relation to moving or flying objects.
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\Haerofoil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\io-foil \Pnoun\p any surface on an aircraft, such as a wing or tail, which deflects the passing airstream to provide lift or control.
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\Haerogramme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\io-gram \Pnoun\p also called an \Bairletter\j\b\i
a letter consisting of a single sheet of paper which is folded and sent by air mail without an envelope.
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\Haeronautics\h
\Isay\j\b\i aira-\CX1naw\j\b\itiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of flight, especially of aircraft. \Baeronaut\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who travels in an aircraft, such as a balloon; \Baeronautical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haeroplane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\ia-plane \Pnoun\p an aircraft which is driven by jet engines or propellers. Greek \Ia'r\j\b\i air + \Iplanos\j\b\i wandering
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\Haerosol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\ia-sol \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a state where a solid or liquid is dispersed as fine particles in a gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i a can or container with a substance, such as paint, stored under pressure and released as an aerosol. Greek \Ia'r\j\b\i air + Sesol\j\b\i(ution)
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\Haerospace\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the earth's atmosphere and the space outside it.
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\Haesthetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ees-\CX1thett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p in America spelt \Besthetic\j\b\i
relating to the appreciation of beauty: 'the old building was saved for \Iaesthetic\j\b\i rather than practical reasons'.
\Baesthetics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a branch of philosophy dealing with the principles and judgements of art and beauty.
a) a person who cultivates sensitivity and a love of beauty. b) a person whose sensitivity is considered to be affected or excessive. \Baesthetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iaisthetikos\j\b\i concerning the senses do not confuse with Seascetic\j\b\i.
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\Haether\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\itha \Pnoun\p See \Jether\j\b\i.
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\Haethereal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1theer\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p See \Jethereal\j\b\i.
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\Haetiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i eeti-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Betiology\j\b\i
the study of causes, especially the causes of disease. \Baetiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haf-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Hafar\h
\Padverb\p far away: 'we could see the city lights from \Iafar\j\b\i'.
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\Haffable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aff\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p friendly or pleasant. \Baffably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baffability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iaffabilis\j\b\i that can be easily spoken to
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\Haffair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any particular interests: 'the \Iaffairs\j\b\i of state must be dealt with first'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular event or matter: 'have you heard any details of that kidnapping \Iaffair\j\b\i?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a sexual relationship between two people who are not married to each other. Short form of \Blove affair\j\b\i.
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\Haffect (1)\h
\Pverb\p to act on or influence: 'the sight of the accident did not \Iaffect\j\b\i me at all'. \Baffect\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Psychology) emotion; \Baffecting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, moving; \Baffective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, emotional. Latin \Iafficere\j\b\i to influence do not confuse with \Jeffect\j\b\i.
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\Haffect (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pretend or imitate: a) 'he \Iaffected\j\b\i complete innocence about the trick'; b) 'Sally \Iaffects\j\b\i the manners of a rock star'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prefer: 'tree ferns \Iaffect\j\b\i the mossy banks of the creek'. \Baffectation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i affek-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a pretended or artificial manner, etc.
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\Haffection\h
\Pnoun\p any liking or warm feeling: 'she greeted her daughter with \Iaffection\j\b\i'. \Baffectionate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing affection; \Baffectionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iaffectio\j\b\i goodwill
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\Hafferent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aff\j\b\ia-r'nt \Padjective\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i leading towards a central organ. Compare \Jefferent\j\b\i. Latin \Iafferre\j\b\i to bring to
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\Haffiance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1fie\j\b\i'nce \Pverb\p an old word meaning to betroth.
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\Haffidavit\h
\Isay\j\b\i affi-\CX1day\j\b\ivit \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a written statement made under oath. Latin, he has sworn
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\Haffiliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1fill\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to join or unite, especially as part of something larger: 'the local associations are now \Iaffiliated\j\b\i with the national body'. \Baffiliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iaffiliare\j\b\i to adopt as a son
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\Haffinity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mutual attraction or resemblance.
\CX12.\j\b\i any relationship through marriage. Compare \Jconsanguinity\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the force holding atoms together, especially atoms of the same element. \Baffinitive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haffirm\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to firmly declare or confirm: 'I \Iaffirm\j\b\i my right to decide for myself'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to solemnly promise to tell the truth, as distinct from making a formal oath.
\Baffirmative\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) being in agreement: 'he gave an \Iaffirmative\j\b\i answer'. b) being encouraging: 'the government took \Iaffirmative\j\b\i action'. \Baffirmatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baffirmation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i affa-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haffix\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1fix\j\b\i \Pverb\p to attach or fasten: 'he \Iaffixed\j\b\i two stamps to the envelope'.
\CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i any of various forms which can be added to a word to change its meaning. A \Bprefix\j\b\i is added at the beginning of a word, as \Ide-\j\b\i in \Idevalue\j\b\i, whereas a \Bsuffix\j\b\i is added at the end of a word, as \I-ness\j\b\i in \Ikindness\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is added or attached. Latin \Iaffixus\j\b\i fastened
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\Hafflatus\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1flay\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p a creative inspiration.
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\Hafflict\h
\Pverb\p to trouble or cause distress: 'he is \Iafflicted\j\b\i with gout'. \Baffliction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iafflictus\j\b\i distressed
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\Haffluence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aff\j\b\i-loo'nce \Pnoun\p any wealth or abundance, especially of possessions: 'the size of their house is one indication of their \Iaffluence\j\b\i'. \Baffluent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iaffluens\j\b\i abounding in do not confuse with Seeffluence\j\b\i.
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\Hafford\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have enough of something for a particular purpose: a) 'I cannot \Iafford\j\b\i a new coat this winter'; b) 'no-one can \Iafford\j\b\i to miss the next lecture'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give: 'it \Iaffords\j\b\i me great pleasure'.
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\Hafforestation\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-forra-\CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the planting of trees to form forests. \Bafforest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haffray\h
\Pnoun\p a noisy quarrel or brawl.
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\Haffright\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to frighten or terrify. \Baffright\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haffront\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1frunt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an open insult.
\Baffront\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to insult openly: 'their rudeness was intended to \Iaffront\j\b\i their neighbours'.
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\HAfghan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1af\j\b\i-gan \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a native of Afghanistan. Also called an \BAfghani\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i af-\CX1gah\j\b\i-nee).
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a breed of large, long-haired hounds, originally from Afghanistan.
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\Haficionado\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-fish-ya-\CX1nah\j\b\idoe \Pnoun\p an enthusiastic follower. Spanish
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\Hafield\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1feeld\j\b\i \Padverb\p away, especially from home: 'do not go too far \Iafield\j\b\i'.
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\Hafire\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p on fire.
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\Haflame\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p flaming or glowing: 'her face was \Iaflame\j\b\i with delight'.
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\Hafloat\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p floating or carried on water: 'the lifeboat stayed \Iafloat\j\b\i for several days'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government has provided loans to keep the corporation \Iafloat\j\b\i' (= in business).
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\Hafoot\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p in progress: 'there is trouble \Iafoot\j\b\i'.
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\Hafore\h
\Padverb\p, preposition an old word meaning before, now found only in compound words such as \Iaforethought\j\b\i.
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\Haforesaid\h
\Padjective\p \ILaw:\j\b\i said or mentioned earlier.
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\Haforethought\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1for\j\b\i-thawt \Padjective\p \ILaw:\j\b\i premeditated: 'the crime was committed with malice \Iaforethought\j\b\i'.
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\Hafoul\h
\Padverb\p entangled: 'the nets are \Iafoul\j\b\i under the water'.
\Brun afoul of\j\b\i, 'she has \Irun afoul\j\b\i of the police' (= become entangled with).
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\Hafraid\h
\Padjective\p feeling fear or apprehension: 'I'm \Iafraid\j\b\i of the dark'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'm \Iafraid\j\b\i we cannot come tonight' (= regretful).
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\HA-frame\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-frame \Pnoun\p a building whose structure viewed end on is A-shaped.
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\Hafresh\h
\Padverb\p again: 'you must start \Iafresh\j\b\i'.
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\HAfrikaans\h
\Isay\j\b\i afri-\CX1kahns\j\b\i \Pnoun\p one of the official languages of the republic of South Africa, derived from 17th-century Dutch.
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\HAfrikaner\h
\Isay\j\b\i afri-\CX1kah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a) a person born in South Africa of European, usually Dutch, descent. b) a person who speaks Afrikaans.
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\Hafro\h
\Pnoun\p a bushy hairstyle with frizzy curls, based on an African style.
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\Haft\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \INautical:\j\b\i towards the stern of a boat. Compare \Jfore (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hafter\h
preposition, \Padverb\p, conjunction, \Padjective\p later or behind:
(as a preposition) 'she came \Iafter\j\b\i me'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'the dog trotted \Iafter\j\b\i'.
(as a conjunction) '\Iafter\j\b\i we left'.
(as an \Padjective\p) 'the \Iafter\j\b\i parts of a boat'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they asked \Iafter\j\b\i you' (= about).
b) 'a man \Iafter\j\b\i my own heart' (= in agreement with).
c) 'he paints \Iafter\j\b\i Nolan's style' (= in imitation of).
d) 'who are you named \Iafter\j\b\i?' (= in honour of).
\Bafter all\j\b\i, 'we are able to come \Iafter all\j\b\i' (= in spite of everything).
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\Hafterbirth\h
\Pnoun\p the placenta when expelled from the uterus after birth.
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\Hafter-effect\h
\Pnoun\p the delayed result of something: 'the operation has had no \Iafter-effects\j\b\i'.
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\Hafterlife\h
\Pnoun\p life after death.
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\Haftermath\h
\Pnoun\p the time or conditions after something: 'they discovered much damage in the \Iaftermath\j\b\i of the storm'.
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\Hafternoon\h
\Pnoun\p the time of day between noon and sunset.
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\Haftertaste\h
\Pnoun\p a taste or sensation which lingers.
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\Hafterthought\h
\Pnoun\p an idea or reflection which comes to mind after an event: 'that outhouse was added as an \Iafterthought\j\b\i'.
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\Hafterwards\h
\Padverb\p afterward later: 'I'm too busy now, but I'll speak to you \Iafterwards\j\b\i'.
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\Hag-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Haga\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ah\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p agha a title of honour in Moslem countries.
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\Hagain\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i once more or another time: 'let us try \Iagain\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i besides or on the other hand: 'we may come, but then \Iagain\j\b\i we may not'.
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\Hagainst\h
preposition not in favour of: 'I'm \Iagainst\j\b\i the idea of Saturday morning school'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he fell heavily \Iagainst\j\b\i the chair' (= in collision with).
b) 'we must save \Iagainst\j\b\i the possibility of no work' (= in preparation for).
c) 'the trees stood out \Iagainst\j\b\i the sky' (= in contrast with).
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\Hagapanthus\h
\Pnoun\p a blue and white South African flower related to the lily. Greek \IagapΘ\j\b\i love + \Ianthos\j\b\i flower
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\Hagape\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1gape\j\b\i \Padverb\p with the mouth wide open: 'he stood \Iagape\j\b\i in horror at the sight'.
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\Hagar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-gar \Pnoun\p short form of \Bagar-agar\j\b\i
a substance obtained from seaweed, used in food and to make jellies of liquid nutrient material on which micro-organisms are grown. Malay
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\Hagate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1agg\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jchalcedony\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a playing marble, usually made of glass in imitation of chalcedony.
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\Hage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the length of time during which something has existed: 'she is 12 years of \Iage\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular period of time in history: a) 'the Ice \IAge\j\b\i'; b) 'the Middle \IAges\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I've been waiting here for \Iages\j\b\i' (= a long time).
\Bage\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to become or appear older: 'he has \Iaged\j\b\i a lot since we last saw him'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to allow wine, etc. to stand so that it matures or becomes mellow.
\Baged\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ijd) having the age of: 'a boy \Iaged\j\b\i 13'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-jid) old: 'an \Iaged\j\b\i grandparent'. \Bageless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not growing or seeming to grow old, b) without definable age; \Bageing\j\b\i, \Baging\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, growing or seeming to grow old.
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\Hageism\h
\Pnoun\p a manner or attitude which assesses a person according to age rather than individual ability. \Bageist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hagency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-j'n-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a business organisation which provides a particular service: 'an employment \Iagency\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which acts or produces a result: 'it was achieved through the \Iagency\j\b\i of his friends'.
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\Hagenda\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1jen\j\b\ida plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any matters to be dealt with or introduced, usually in the form of a list: 'an \Iagenda\j\b\i has been prepared for the meeting'.
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\Hagent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which produces an effect or result: 'storms can be \Iagents\j\b\i of destruction'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who has authority to act for another person, company or a government.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any substance causing a reaction. Latin \Iagens\j\b\i acting
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\Hagent orange\h
a defoliant used extensively in the Vietnam war.
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\Hagent provocateur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\i\Izh\j\b\ion pro-vokka-\CX1ter\j\b\i plural is \Bagents provocateurs\j\b\i
a person paid, especially by a government, to foment illegal acts in order to unmask possible trouble-makers. French \Iagent\j\b\i agent + \Iprovocateur\j\b\i provoking
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\Hagglomerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1glomm\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to collect into a mass or cluster.
\IGeology:\j\b\i a rock composed of large volcanic fragments. \Bagglomeration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hagglutination\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-glooti-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of fusing or massing together, e.g. cells or particles into larger clumps. \Bagglutinate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bagglutinate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Seag-\j\b\i + Latin \Iglutinis\j\b\i of glue
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\Haggradation\h
\Isay\j\b\i agra-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i the process of a river depositing sediment on its bed, thereby raising its level. \Baggrade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haggrandisement\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1gran\j\b\idiz-m'nt \Pnoun\p aggrandizement an increase in size, strength, wealth, importance, etc.: 'he is ambitious and seeks personal \Iaggrandisement\j\b\i'. \Baggrandise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haggravate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ag\j\b\ira-vate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make worse: 'eating onions will only \Iaggravate\j\b\i your indigestion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to annoy or irritate: 'don't \Iaggravate\j\b\i the dog by teasing her'. \Baggravation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Seag-\j\b\i + Latin \Igravis\j\b\i heavy Seaggravate, irritate\j\b\i have different but related meanings. Many people regard the use of \Iaggravate\j\b\i to mean annoy or irritate as incorrect, and prefer to keep active one of the word's earlier meanings 'to make worse': 'sitting in a cold draught will only \Iaggravate\j\b\i your illness', 'you will only \Iaggravate\j\b\i the situation if you keep arguing with him'.
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\Haggregate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ag\j\b\i ra-g't \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a number of separate things brought together in a group. b) a total.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mixture of different materials used in making concrete, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i any collection or total forming a unified whole.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a group of organisms living close together. \Baggregate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ag\j\b\ira-gate), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haggression\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hostile act, especially if unprovoked.
\CX12.\j\b\i the tendency to attack or be hostile. \Baggressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, feeling or showing aggression; \Baggressor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is aggressive; \Baggressiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baggressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haggrieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1greev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to pain or make resentful: 'mother was \Iaggrieved\j\b\i by the rareness of our visits home'.
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\Haggro\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any aggressiveness, especially if deliberate or for perverse excitement.
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\Haghast\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1gahst\j\b\i \Padjective\p amazed and horrified: 'I'm \Iaghast\j\b\i at your suggestion'.
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\Hagile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aj\j\b\i-ile \Padjective\p quick or nimble. \Bagility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bagilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iagilis\j\b\i nimble
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\Hagistment\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1jist\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p the renting of pasture to another person to be used for horses or cattle. \Bagist\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hagitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ajj\j\b\ia-tate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to shake or move rapidly from side to side: 'the clothes in the washing machine were \Iagitated\j\b\i in the soapy water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to disturb or excite: 'she became \Iagitated\j\b\i after the accident'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to arouse public feelings about something, such as a political or social reform.
\Bagitator\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a machine or device for stirring or shaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who agitates: 'the student was well-known as a political \Iagitator\j\b\i'. \Bagitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bagitatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iagitare\j\b\i to shake
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\Haglow\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1glo\j\b\i \Padverb\p glowing: 'her cheeks were \Iaglow\j\b\i with health'.
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\Hagnostic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ag-\CX1noss\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p a person who believes that one cannot know whether God exists. Compare \Jatheist\j\b\i. \Bagnosticism\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i ag-\CX1nos\j\b\ita-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i. Sea-\j\b\i + Greek \Ignostikos\j\b\i knowing
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\Hago\h
\Padverb\p in the past: 'it happened long \Iago\j\b\i'.
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\Hagog\h
\Padverb\p eager or excited: 'we are all \Iagog\j\b\i for news'.
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\Hagony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1agg\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p a state of extreme pain or anguish: 'the injury caused him great \Iagony\j\b\i'.
\Bagonise, agonize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to suffer agony or intense worry: 'do not \Iagonise\j\b\i over your mistake'. \Bagonisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iagonia\j\b\i a struggle, anguish
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\Hagora\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1agg\j\b\ia-ra \Pnoun\p an open marketplace or place of assembly in ancient Greece. Greek
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\Hagoraphobia\h
\Isay\j\b\i agra-\CX1fo\j\b\i-bea \Pnoun\p an abnormal fear of open spaces.
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\Hagouti\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1goo\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a short-haired, short-eared rodent found in South America and the West Indies.
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\Hagrarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1grair\j\b\iiun \Padjective\p relating to farming land or agriculture. Latin \Iager\j\b\i field
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\Hagree\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to decide in favour of a request, suggestion, etc.: 'I \Iagreed\j\b\i to help'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hold or come to the same idea, etc.: 'we all \Iagreed\j\b\i that the film was good'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to exist without difference or friction: a) 'the children rarely \Iagree\j\b\i'; b) 'your story \Iagrees\j\b\i with what your sister said'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the fact of thinking the same things or in the same way: 'everyone was in \Iagreement\j\b\i about the quality of the film'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an arrangement: 'we came to an \Iagreement\j\b\i with the landlord about the repairs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a contract.
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\Hagreeable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i to one's liking: a) 'she has an \Iagreeable\j\b\i smile'; b) 'do you find your new job \Iagreeable\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i willing or ready to agree: 'I'm \Iagreeable\j\b\i to either plan'. \Bagreeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bagreeableness\j\b\i, \Bagreeability\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hagriculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ag\j\b\iri-kulcher \Pnoun\p the use of land for planting and growing crops, as distinct from raising animals. \Bagricultural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bagriculturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bagriculturalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iager\j\b\i field + \Icultura\j\b\i a tilling
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\Hagronomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1gronn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the application of scientific principles to the growing of crops. \Bagronomist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iagros\j\b\i land + \Inomos\j\b\i an arrangement
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\Haground\h
\Padverb\p (of a boat) touching the ground in shallow water, so that it is stranded.
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\Hague\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-gew \Pnoun\p a) malaria. b) a fever accompanied by chills and shivering.
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\Hahead\h
\Padverb\p in front or forward: 'walk \Iahead\j\b\i of us'.
\Bgo ahead\j\b\i, 'please \Igo ahead\j\b\i with your argument' (= continue).
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\Hahoy\h
interjection \INautical:\j\b\i a call to attract attention.
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\Haid\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any help or assistance: 'we must have the \Iaid\j\b\i of a doctor'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which helps: 'films, maps, and other teaching \Iaids\j\b\i'.
\Bin aid of\j\b\i, 'what is all this noise \Iin aid of\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i?' (= for). \Baid\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haide\h
\Pnoun\p an assistant. French
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\Haide-de-camp\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-der-\CX1kom\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Baides-de-camp\j\b\i
an officer acting as personal assistant and secretary to a general, governor, etc.
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\Haigrette\h
\Pnoun\p a) a tuft of feathers worn to decorate a hat. b) a spray of jewels imitating this.
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\Hail\h
\Pverb\p to trouble or feel pain, discomfort, etc.: a) 'what \Iails\j\b\i you?'; b) 'my children \Iail\j\b\i without proper food'. \Bailing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haileron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ila-ron \Pnoun\p a movable, hinged section mounted near the trailing edge of an aeroplane wing and used to control balance. French, small wing
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\Hailment\h
\Pnoun\p any minor illness: 'a cold is a common \Iailment\j\b\i'.
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\Haim\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to point or direct towards something: 'he carefully \Iaimed\j\b\i his gun at the target'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have a purpose or intention: 'where do you \Iaim\j\b\i to go first?'. \Baim\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baimless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without purpose; \Baimlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baimlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the gases surrounding the earth.
\CX12.\j\b\i a simple tune or melody.
\CX13.\j\b\i a particular manner or appearance: 'she has the \Iair\j\b\i of a kind, gentle person'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Boff the air\j\b\i, (of a radio station) no longer broadcasting.
\Bon the air\j\b\i, (of a radio station) broadcasting.
\Bput on airs\j\b\i, \Bput on airs and graces\j\b\i, 'he \Iput on airs\j\b\i to impress us' (= behaved affectedly).
\Bup in the air\j\b\i, 'the decision is still \Iup in the air\j\b\i' (= uncertain).
\Bair\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to expose to the air: 'we must \Iair\j\b\i the spare room to get rid of the smell'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iairs\j\b\i his new ideas at parties' (= circulates, tests). \Bairless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having no air, b) having no fresh air.
#
\Hair-base\h
\Pnoun\p an airfield used as a base for military aircraft.
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\Hair-bed\h
\Pnoun\p an inflatable mattress.
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\Hairborne\h
\Padjective\p being in the air.
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\Hair-brake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a brake operated by air-pressure.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hinged panel set in the wing or body of an aeroplane, used to reduce its speed. Also called a \Bflap\j\b\i.
#
\Hair-brush\h
\Pnoun\p an atomiser capable of producing a fine spray of ink or paint.
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\Hairbus\h
\Pnoun\p a wide-bodied passenger aeroplane on regular service.
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\Hair chief marshal\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, equal in rank to a general.
#
\Hair commodore\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, above the rank of group captain.
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\Hair-conditioning\h
\Pnoun\p the process of controlling temperature, moisture and dust content of air in a building. \Bair-condition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bair-conditioner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hair-cool\h
\Pverb\p to remove heat by means of a stream of air.
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\Hair-corridor\h
\Pnoun\p a route along which aircraft are permitted to fly in an otherwise prohibited area.
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\Haircraft\h
\Pnoun\p any vehicle which is capable of flight, such as an aeroplane or helicopter.
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\Haircraft-carrier\h
\Pnoun\p a warship with a very large upper deck (the \Bflight deck\j\b\i), for carrying, launching or receiving aircraft.
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\Haircraftman\h
\Pnoun\p a) the lowest rank in the airforce. b) a person with this rank.
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\Haircrew\h
\Pnoun\p the personnel in an aircraft.
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\Hair-cushion\h
\Pnoun\p the layer of high-pressure air, produced by fans, which lifts and supports a Hovercraft, etc.
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\Hairdrop\h
\Pnoun\p the dropping of troops or supplies by parachute from an aircraft.
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\HAiredale\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of large, wire-haired terriers. first bred in \IAiredale\j\b\i, Britain
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\Hairfield\h
\Pnoun\p a large, open, level area with runways, buildings, etc. for the operation and maintenance of aircraft.
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\Hairforce\h
\Pnoun\p the armed forces of a country concerned with fighting in the air.
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\Hairfreight\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-frate \Pnoun\p a) any cargo carried by aircraft. b) its cost: 'what is the \Iairfreight\j\b\i to Sydney?'
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\Hairgun\h
\Pnoun\p a gun using compressed air to fire pellets or darts.
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\Hair-hostess\h
\Pnoun\p a female who attends to the needs of passengers on an aeroplane.
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\Hairily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jairy\j\b\i.
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\Hairlane\h
\Pnoun\p any route specified for regular use by commercial aircraft.
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\Hairless\h
\Padjective\p See \Jair\j\b\i.
#
\Hairletter\h
\Pnoun\p an aerogramme.
#
\Hairlift\h
\Pnoun\p the transporting of large numbers of people or goods by aircraft, often in an emergency.
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\Hairline\h
\Pnoun\p any organisation which provides scheduled air transport between specified points.
\Bairliner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i any large passenger or cargo-carrying aircraft.
#
\Hairlock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an airtight compartment at the entrance of a pressure chamber, to prevent loss of pressure or gases when the chamber is entered.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stoppage of the flow of liquid in a pipe, caused by an air bubble.
#
\Hair mail\h
the carrying of post in aircraft. Compare \Jsurface mail\j\b\i. \Bairmail\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hairman\h
\Pnoun\p a member of an aircrew, especially in the airforce.
#
\Hair marshal\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, equal in rank to a lieutenant-general.
#
\Hair-pocket\h
\Pnoun\p a downward current of air causing an aircraft to drop suddenly.
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\Hairport\h
\Pnoun\p a large airfield with runways, hangars, workshops and one or more passenger terminals.
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\Hair-raid\h
\Pnoun\p an attack by enemy aircraft, especially bombers.
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\Hair-sac\h
\Pnoun\p any of the millions of small cavities in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is released.
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\Hairscrew\h
\Pnoun\p an aeroplane propeller.
#
\Hairship\h
\Pnoun\p any aircraft lighter than air, containing hydrogen or helium gas, driven by propellers and able to be steered. A \Bzeppelin\j\b\i has a rigid structure, whereas a \Bblimp\j\b\i is non-rigid.
#
\Hairspace\h
\Pnoun\p the space above an area or country.
#
\Hair speed\h
the speed of an aircraft relative to the air around it. Compare \Jground speed\j\b\i.
#
\Hairstream\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flow of air, especially past a flying aeroplane.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wind, especially at high altitude.
#
\Hairstrip\h
\Pnoun\p a) a runway. b) an airfield for small aircraft, especially if in a remote area or privately owned.
#
\Hair-terminal\h
\Pnoun\p a building, including offices, where aircraft passengers assemble.
#
\Hairtight\h
\Padjective\p not allowing the passage of air.
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\Hair vice-marshal\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, equal in rank to a major-general.
#
\Hairworthy\h
\Padjective\p (of an aircraft) meeting certain safety requirements for flight. \Bairworthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hairy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i open to the passage of air: 'this is a very \Iairy\j\b\i room'.
\CX12.\j\b\i light or carefree: 'she apologised in an \Iairy\j\b\i manner'. \Bairiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bairily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hairy-fairy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) light or fanciful: 'he is full of \Iairy-fairy\j\b\i ideas'.
#
\Haisle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ile \Pnoun\p any passage between blocks of seats, as in a church or a theatre.
#
\Hajar\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1jar\j\b\i \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p (of a door) partly open.
#
\Hakimbo\h
\Padverb\p having the hands on the hips, with the elbows pointed outwards.
#
\Hakin\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kin\j\b\i \Padjective\p similar or related: 'your fears are \Iakin\j\b\i to superstition'.
#
\Hal-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
#
\Halabaster\h
\Pnoun\p a white or tinted, fine-grained gypsum or a banded variety of calcite, used for ornaments and statues. \Balabaster\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made of alabaster, b) smooth, white or cold like alabaster.
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\Hα la carte\h
\Isay\j\b\i ah la kart (of a menu) giving a choice for each course of a meal. Compare \Jtable d'h⌠te\j\b\i. French
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\Halack\h
interjection an old word used as a cry of dismay.
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\Halacrity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lak\j\b\ira-tee \Pnoun\p a prompt and cheerful willingness: 'she accepted the invitation with \Ialacrity\j\b\i'. Latin \Ialacritas\j\b\i briskness
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\Hα la mode\h
\Isay\j\b\i ah la \CX1mod\j\b\i fashionable: 'that new suit is very \Iα la mode\j\b\i'. French
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\Halar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-lah \Padjective\p a) of or having wings. b) wing-shaped.
#
\Halarm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any noise or signal used as a warning.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden fear or apprehension caused by an awareness of danger: 'at the first tremor she felt an uneasy \Ialarm\j\b\i'. \Balarm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause or feel alarm. Italian \Iall' arme!\j\b\i to arms!
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\Halarm clock\h
a clock with a bell which can be set to ring at a certain time.
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\Halarmist\h
\Pnoun\p a person with a habit of causing alarm, especially with little reason.
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\Halarum\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for an alarm.
#
\Halas\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lass\j\b\i interjection a cry of sorrow, grief or pity.
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\Halb\h
\Pnoun\p a full-length white robe worn by Christian priests during celebration of the Eucharist. Latin \Ialbus\j\b\i white
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\Halbatross\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, long-winged seabird related to the petrel, found especially in the Pacific regions.
\CX12.\j\b\i an inescapable burden: 'the mortgage turned out to be an \Ialbatross\j\b\i round his neck'. Portuguese
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\Halbeit\h
\Isay\j\b\i awl-\CX1bee\j\b\i-it conjunction although: 'it was a brave, \Ialbeit\j\b\i foolish, act'.
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\Halbinism\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the failure, usually inherited, to develop pigment in the skin, hair, eyes, etc.
a person or animal suffering from albinism. Latin \Ialbus\j\b\i white
#
\Halbum\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a book or similar container for storing stamps, photographs, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long-playing record.
#
\Halbumen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-bew-men\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jeggwhite\j\b\i.
#
\Halbumin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-bew-min \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in animals and plants.
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\Halchemy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ika-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a medieval science which attempted to change ordinary metals into gold.
\CX12.\j\b\i any strange or magical process, change, etc. \Balchemist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises alchemy.
#
\Halcheringa\h
\Isay\j\b\i al-cha-\CX1rin\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p also called \Balchera\j\b\i
the Dreaming. Aboriginal
#
\Halcohol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ika-hol \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a class of organic compounds (general formula ROH where R is any alkyl radical).
\CX12.\j\b\i a liquid containing this substance, especially any intoxicating drink made by the fermentation of sugar with fruits, etc. Arabic
#
\Halcoholic\h
\Isay\j\b\i alka-\CX1holl\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p also called a \Bdipsomaniac\j\b\i
a person who compulsively drinks alcohol.
\Balcoholic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or containing alcohol.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to an alcoholic. \Balcoholism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ika-hol-izm), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Halcove\h
\Pnoun\p a section of a room or other space which is set back from the main part. Arabic, the vault
#
\Haldehyde\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ida-hide \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a class of organic compounds (general formula RCHO where R is any alkyl or aryl radical), such as acetaldehyde (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iCHO). for Sedehyd\j\b\i(rogenated) Seal\j\b\i(cohol)
#
\Hal dente\h
\Isay\j\b\i al \CX1den\j\b\it'e \ICooking:\j\b\i the texture of food which is cooked but still slightly firm.
#
\Halder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p a small, deciduous tree related to the birch, found in wet areas and originating in the Northern Hemisphere.
#
\Halderman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\ida-m'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a high-ranking official.
\CX12.\j\b\i a member of a county, borough or city council in Australia, Britain and America.
#
\Hale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various types of beer, as pale ale, brown ale, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i beer.
#
\Halembic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lem\j\b\ibic \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an apparatus or vessel formerly used in distilling.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which refines or purifies.
#
\Halert\h
\Padjective\p wide-awake or attentive: 'he fought to stay \Ialert\j\b\i despite his tiredness'.
\Balert\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a state of readiness or caution: 'you must be on the \Ialert\j\b\i for trouble'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a warning or alarm, as before an air-raid or attack. \Balert\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Balertness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Italian \Iall' erta\j\b\i! to the watch-tower
#
\Halexandrine\h
\Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i. from the title of an old French romance concerning \IAlexander the Great\j\b\i, written in this metre
#
\Halexia\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1lek\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p an inability to read, often caused by brain damage. Sea-\j\b\i + Greek \Ilexis\j\b\i speech
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\Halfalfa\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlucerne\j\b\i. Arabic \Ial-fasfasah\j\b\i the best sort of fodder
#
\Halfresco\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p outside or in the open air: 'lunch will be served \Ialfresco\j\b\i'. Italian \Ial fresco\j\b\i in the fresh (air)
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\Halga\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Balgae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-jee \Ior \j\b\i\CX1al\j\b\i-gee)
\IBiology:\j\b\i any of a group of simple plants with single-celled reproductive structures, growing in fresh water, seawater or damp places and varying in size from microscopic to several metres long. \Balgal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, seaweed
#
\Halgebra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\iji-bra \Pnoun\p the branch of maths which studies the properties and relationships of quantities by the use of symbols such as letters of the alphabet. \Balgebraic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i alji-\CX1bray\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Balgebraically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Arabic \Ial-jabr\j\b\i bone-setting, the reunion of broken parts
#
\Halgol\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a language mainly used in mathematics and science. Sealgo\j\b\i(rithmic) \Bl\j\b\i(anguage)
#
\Halgorithm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\iga-ri\Ith\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a clearly-defined sequence of operations for solving a particular mathematical problem. from the name of a Persian mathematician
#
\Halias\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-lee-ass \Pnoun\p an assumed or false name: 'the criminal travelled under an \Ialias\j\b\i'.
\Balias\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
also called: 'Dawson \Ialias\j\b\i Bass'. Latin, at another time or place
#
\Halibi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ia-by \Pnoun\p plural is \Balibis\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a defence by an accused person that he or she was elsewhere at the time the crime was committed.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any excuse: 'I hope you have a good \Ialibi\j\b\i for being away from work'. Latin, elsewhere
#
\Halien\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-lian \Pnoun\p a) a foreigner or unnaturalised citizen.
b) any person or thing that is strange or unfamiliar.
\Balien\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
foreign or strange: 'his ideas are \Ialien\j\b\i to our standards'. \Balienable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ialienus\j\b\i belonging to another
#
\Halienate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-lee-a-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn away or make hostile: 'that attitude will \Ialienate\j\b\i many of your friends'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take over ownership of something, especially land, usually without consultation. \Balienation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ay-lee-a-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Halight (1)\h
\Pverb\p to get out of or down from a vehicle: 'a ramp was provided for us to \Ialight\j\b\i from the train'.
#
\Halight (2)\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p lit up or burning: 'is your pipe \Ialight\j\b\i?'.
#
\Halign\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1line\j\b\i \Pverb\p also spelt \Baline\j\b\i
to arrange in a line: 'these posts are not quite \Ialigned\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his ambitions do not \Ialign\j\b\i with his family's hopes' (= match, agree). \Balignment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Halike\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p similar or in the same way: 'I think all politicians are \Ialike\j\b\i'.
#
\Halimentary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ali-\CX1men\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p relating to food, nutrition and digestion.
\Balimentary canal\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the system within the body, including the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, intestines and anus, which receives food, digests it and expels the remains. Latin \Ialimentum\j\b\i food
#
\Halimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ia-moe-nee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i any regular payment of money due to a separated or divorced person from his or her spouse. Latin \Ialimonia\j\b\i sustenance
#
\Haline\h
\Pverb\p See \Jalign\j\b\i.
#
\Haliphatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ali-\CX1fatt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i relating to any of a major class of organic compounds whose molecules are open chains of carbon atoms, including the paraffins, olefines and acetylenes. See \Jaromatic compound\j\b\i. Greek \Ialeiphatos\j\b\i of fat
#
\Haliquot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ali\j\b\i-kwot \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity which is an exact divisor of another: '3 is an \Ialiquot\j\b\i of 27'.
#
\Halive\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i arrive \Padjective\p living or active.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his eyes were \Ialive\j\b\i with excitement' (= lively, full).
\Balive to\j\b\i, 'she is not \Ialive to\j\b\i the danger' (= aware of).
#
\Halkali\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ika-lie \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the soluble hydroxide of an alkali metal, having marked basic properties, that is, they release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water. \Balkaline\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Balkalinity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i alka-\CX1linn\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Arabic \Ial-kily\j\b\i limed ashes
#
\Halkali metal\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the strongly reactive univalent metals, group I of the periodic table, whose hydroxides are all strong alkalis.
#
\Halkaline earth metal\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the reactive bivalent metals, group II of the periodic table, whose oxides are called \Balkaline earths\j\b\i.
#
\Halkaloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ika-loyd \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of complex organic bases derived from plants and containing nitrogen, such as morphine, codeine and quinine.
#
\Halkanes\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bparaffins\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a homologous series of hydrocarbons having the general formula C\Ksubscript\k\In\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I2n+2\j\b\i, such as methane (CH\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i). The alkanes are chemically unreactive, stable and inflammable, and range from gases to solids.
#
\Halkenes\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bolefines\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons (general formula C\Ksubscript\k\In\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I2n\j\b\i), such as ethylene (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i).
#
\Halkyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ikil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to univalent radicals derived from aliphatic compounds, such as the methyl group (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i-) or the ethyl group (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\i-).
#
\Halkynes\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IChemistry\j\b\i: a related series of aliphatic hydrocarbons forming a homologous series, general formula C\Ksubscript\k\In\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I2n-2\j\b\i.
#
\Hall\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p, \Ppronoun\p being the whole quantity or number of anything:
(as an \Padjective\p) '\Iall\j\b\i birds are equal'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'he sat \Iall\j\b\i alone'.
(as a \Ppronoun\p) 'we \Iall\j\b\i laughed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she came with \Iall\j\b\i speed' (= the greatest possible).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Babove all\j\b\i,'\Iabove all\j\b\i, remember my advice' (= most importantly).
\Ball in\j\b\i, 'she was \Iall in\j\b\i after the game' (= exhausted).
\Ball in all\j\b\i, '\Iall in all\j\b\i it was a great success' (= altogether).
\Bat all\j\b\i, 'I cannot agree \Iat all\j\b\i' (= in any way).
#
\HAllah\h
\Pnoun\p the Moslem name for God, the supreme ruler and creator of the universe. Arabic \Ial-ilah\j\b\i the God
#
\Hallay\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to relieve or reduce: 'the pilot tried to \Iallay\j\b\i their fears'.
#
\Hallege\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lej\j\b\i \Pverb\p to declare or assert, often without actual proof: 'he still \Ialleges\j\b\i his innocence'. \Ballegation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ala-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Ballegedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hallegiance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lee\j\b\i-j'nce \Pnoun\p a loyalty or duty, especially to a government or ruler of a country.
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\Hallegory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ia-gree \Pnoun\p a literary form which presents, through its characters, events or qualities, other corresponding but unstated characters, events or qualities. \Ballegorical\j\b\i, \Ballegoric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iallegoria\j\b\i another speaking
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\Hallegretto\h
\Isay\j\b\i ali-\CX1gre\j\b\itoe \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i briskly or quickly.
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\Hallegro\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1leg\j\b\i-gro \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i fast and lively. Italian
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\Hallele\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1leel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p short form of \Ballelomorph\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i an alternative form of a particular gene. Greek \IallelΘ\j\b\i another + \ImorphΘ\j\b\i shape
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\Halleluia\h
\Isay\j\b\i ala-\CX1loo\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p See \Jhallelujah\j\b\i.
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\Hallergy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-a-jee \Pnoun\p an abnormal physical sensitivity to any substance, such as to certain fruits, plants, etc.
having an allergy: 'I am \Iallergic\j\b\i to pollen'. \Ballergen\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ia-j'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, any substance which can cause an allergy. Greek \Iallos\j\b\i other + \Iergon\j\b\i work
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\Halleviate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lee\j\b\ivi-ate \Pverb\p to lessen or make easier to bear: 'nothing could \Ialleviate\j\b\i her misery'. \Balleviation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Ilevare\j\b\i to lighten
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\Halley (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow path or street, usually between buildings. Short form of \Balleyway\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long, narrow, enclosed lane with a polished wooden floor, used for bowling.
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\Halley (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a large marble. from \Balabaster\j\b\i, of which marbles were originally made
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\Halliance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lie\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p an association or union, usually made by formal agreement. \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Iligare\j\b\i to bind
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\Hallied\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-ide \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bally\j\b\i.
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\Halligator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ii-gayta \Pnoun\p any of various large amphibian freshwater reptiles with a broad rounded snout and growing up to about 5 m long. Spanish \Iel lagarto\j\b\i the lizard
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\Halliteration\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-litta-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the commencement of two or more closely connected words with the same letter or sound, especially a consonant.
\IExample:\j\b\i 'five \Im\j\b\iiles \Im\j\b\ieandering with a \Im\j\b\iazy \Im\j\b\iotion' (S. T. Coleridge). \Balliterate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Balliterative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Ilittera\j\b\i letter
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\Hallocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-a-kate \Pverb\p to set aside for a particular purpose: 'the city council has \Iallocated\j\b\i money for public transport'. \Ballocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Ilocus\j\b\i a place
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\Hallopathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lopp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p the usual method of treating diseases using substances which produce effects different from those of the disease being treated. Compare \Jhomeopathy\j\b\i. \Ballopathic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i al-o-\CX1path\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iallos\j\b\i other + \Ipathos\j\b\i suffering
to share out or distribute: 'you have been \Iallotted\j\b\i several tickets'.
\Ballotment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of allotting: 'there will be an \Iallotment\j\b\i of shares'. b) a person's share of anything: 'what was the teacher's \Iallotment\j\b\i of classes last term?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an area of land: 'a vacant \Iallotment\j\b\i'.
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\Hallotropy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lot\j\b\ira-pee \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the existence of an element in more than one physical form (called an \Ballotrope\j\b\i) but producing identical chemical compounds. \IExample\j\b\i: charcoal, graphite, diamond and soot are all allotropes of the one element, carbon, and all form carbon dioxide when heated with oxygen. \Ballotropic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i al-a-\CX1tropp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iallos\j\b\i other + \Itropos\j\b\i manner
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\Hallow\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i a cow \Pverb\p to permit or agree to: 'you are not going out tonight. I won't \Iallow\j\b\i it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my dogs are \Iallowed\j\b\i in the house' (= given the right to enter).
b) 'I \Iallow\j\b\i I was wrong' (= admit).
c) 'she is \Iallowed\j\b\i $15 a week for clothes' (= given).
\Ballow for\j\b\i, 'you have not \Iallowed for\j\b\i his forgetfulness' (= taken into consideration).
\Ballowance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of allowing: 'the \Iallowance\j\b\i of a claim'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sum of money, etc. given for particular needs: 'many sales representatives receive a travelling \Iallowance\j\b\i'.
\Bmake allowance for\j\b\i, a) to make provision for; b) to make concession or excuse for.
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\Halloy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ioy \Pnoun\p any substance consisting of a metal mixed with one or more other elements.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'nothing could \Ialloy\j\b\i her happiness' (= spoil, impair). \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Iligare\j\b\i to bind
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\Hall right\h
satisfactory or in good order: 'are you \Iall right\j\b\i?'.
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\Hall-rounder\h
\Pnoun\p a person with equal ability in many different things, especially in sport.
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\Hallspice\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bpimento\j\b\i
a sweet-smelling, sharp spice made from a dried berry. \Ball + spice\j\b\i
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\Hallude\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lood\j\b\i \Pverb\p to refer to something indirectly: 'several times he \Ialluded\j\b\i to his past, but he told us nothing'. \Ballusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Ballusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Ballusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ialludere\j\b\i to play with
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\Hallure\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to attract or entice: 'many gimmicks were used to \Iallure\j\b\i customers'. \Ballurement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Halluvial\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loo\j\b\iviul \Padjective\p made of soil, sand, etc. deposited by flowing water.
\Balluvial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i any gold-bearing alluvial soil.
\Balluvial fan\j\b\i
the fan-shaped deposit of alluvium left by a swift river as it enters a wide valley or the sea.
\Balluvial plain\j\b\i
an area of flat land where a river has deposited silt.
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\Halluvium\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loo\j\b\ivi-um \Pnoun\p the silt carried by a river and deposited in its valley or delta. Latin \Ialluvio\j\b\i an overflowing
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\Hally\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-eye \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or group united with another, especially by formal agreement: 'Australia's trade \Iallies\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any close friend or supporter. \Bally\j\b\i (\Ballied\j\b\i, \Ballying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to unite by formal agreement, etc., b) to connect or associate. \Bal-\j\b\i + Latin \Iligare\j\b\i to bind
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\Halma mater\h
\Isay\j\b\i alma \CX1may\j\b\ita a person's former school, college or university. Latin \Ialma\j\b\i bounteous + \Imater\j\b\i mother
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\Halmanac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ima-nak \Pnoun\p almanack a yearly calendar giving information about the sun, moon, tides, etc.
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\Halmighty\h
\Isay\j\b\i awl-\CX1my\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having absolute power.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very great: 'what an \Ialmighty\j\b\i noise!'.
\Bthe Almighty\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i God.
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\Halmond\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ah\j\b\i-m'nd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an edible, oval nut with a mild taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale creamish-brown colour. \Balmond\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Halmoner\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ah\j\b\im'na \Ior\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\im'na \Pnoun\p an old word for a medically trained social worker attached to a hospital.
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\Halmost\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\i-most \Padverb\p very nearly: 'we are \Ialmost\j\b\i there'.
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\Halms\h
\Isay\j\b\i ahms plural \Pnoun\p (\Isometimes used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any money or gifts given to the poor.
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\Haloe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p plural is \Baloes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a large African plant with long, cactus-like leaves.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a bitter drug extracted from this plant, used as a laxative.
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\Haloe vera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-o \CX1vee\j\b\i-ra a fleshy, spiky succulent plant, the sap of which is used as a healing agent.
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\Haloft\h
\Padverb\p high up or in the air: 'the glider stayed \Ialoft\j\b\i for several hours'.
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\Halone\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p by oneself: 'do not leave me penniless and \Ialone\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blet alone\j\b\i, 'he can hardly walk, \Ilet alone\j\b\i run' (= not to mention).
\Blet well alone\j\b\i, 'he won't change his mind, so \Ilet well alone'\j\b\i (= be satisfied). \Baloneness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Halong\h
preposition, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i following the length of: 'the guide asked us to move \Ialong\j\b\i the path'.
\CX12.\j\b\i on or onwards: 'they went \Ialong\j\b\i together'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I thought I'd bring my dog \Ialong\j\b\i' (= with me).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball along\j\b\i, 'I knew that \Iall along\j\b\i' (= all the time).
\Bget along\j\b\i, a) 'they \Iget along\j\b\i well' (= manage, like each other); b) 'I must be \Igetting along\j\b\i now' (= leaving).
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\Halongside\h
\Padverb\p beside or at the side of anything: 'the car drew up \Ialongside\j\b\i'.
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\Haloof\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p apart or at a distance, especially from people:
(as an \Padverb\p) 'he stands \Ialoof\j\b\i from family quarrels'.
(as an \Padjective\p) 'she seems \Ialoof\j\b\i but I know she is only shy'. \Baloofness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haloud\h
\Padverb\p a) in a voice to be heard: 'recite the poem \Ialoud\j\b\i'. b) loudly: 'she cried \Ialoud\j\b\i for joy'.
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\Halp\h
\Pnoun\p a high mountain. \Balpine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or growing on the alps.
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\Halpaca\h
\Isay\j\b\i al-\CX1pakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p See \Jguanaco\j\b\i.
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\Halpha\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ifa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the first letter of the Greek alphabet.
\CX12.\j\b\i the beginning of anything. Compare \Jomega\j\b\i.
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\Halphabet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ifa-bet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the letters or signs of a particular language, set in an established order.
\CX12.\j\b\i the basic principles of anything: 'the \Ialphabet\j\b\i of survival'.
being in the order of the alphabet, as in a dictionary. \Balphabetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Balphabetise\j\b\i, \Balphabetize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make alphabetical. Greek \Ialpha\j\b\i A + \Ibeta\j\b\i B
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\Halphanumeric\h
\Padjective\p consisting of both letters and numbers.
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\Halpha particle\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a heavy, positively charged particle, containing two protons and two neutrons, released during some types of radioactive decay.
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\Halpha ray\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a stream of alpha particles.
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\Halpine\h
\Padjective\p See \Jalp\j\b\i.
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\Halready\h
\Isay\j\b\i awl-\CX1redd\j\b\ii \Padverb\p by or before a particular time: 'when we arrived he was \Ialready\j\b\i there'.
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\Halright\h
\Padverb\p all right.
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\HAlsatian\h
\Isay\j\b\i al-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p See \Jgerman shepherd\j\b\i.
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\Halso\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\i-so \Padverb\p as well or in addition: 'we \Ialso\j\b\i bought you a present'.
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\Halso-ran\h
\Pnoun\p the loser of a race, competition, etc.
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\Haltar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p a raised structure where sacrifices are offered or religious rites are performed.
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\Haltarpiece\h
\Pnoun\p a painting or other work of art behind the altar of a church.
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\Halter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\ita \Pverb\p to make or become different: 'we must \Ialter\j\b\i our plans'.
\Balteration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of altering: 'the house needs much \Ialteration\j\b\i to make it comfortable'. b) a change or modification: 'the \Ialterations\j\b\i to the law have been accepted'. \Balterable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Balterably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haltercation\h
\Isay\j\b\i awlta-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an angry or noisy quarrel: 'there was a long \Ialtercation\j\b\i between the two drivers'. \Baltercate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ialtercatio\j\b\i a dispute
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\Halter ego\h
a) a very close or faithful friend: 'she has always been my \Ialter ego\j\b\i'. b) another part of oneself: 'my \Ialter ego\j\b\i warned me not to do it'. Latin \Ialter\j\b\i another + \Iego\j\b\i I
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\Halternate\h
\Pverb\p to replace each other by turns: 'her moods \Ialternate\j\b\i between joy and depression'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we play squash on \Ialternate\j\b\i Saturdays' (= every second). \Balternation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ialternare\j\b\i to do one thing and then a second thing \Balternate, alternative\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings: \Ialternate\j\b\i means in turn, or every second part of a series, whereas \Ialternative\j\b\i refers to a choice between two possibilities.
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\Halternating current\h
\IElectronics:\j\b\i See \Jelectric current\j\b\i.
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\Halternating voltage\h
\IElectronics:\j\b\i a time-varying voltage which regularly changes direction.
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\Halternative\h
\Isay\j\b\i awl-\CX1ter\j\b\ina-tiv \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a choice between two possibilities: 'is there no \Ialternative\j\b\i to your method?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any choice: 'are there no other \Ialternatives?\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something other than what is generally accepted. \Balternative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Balternatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jalternate\j\b\i.
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\Halternator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awl\j\b\ita-nayta \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a generator for producing alternating current. Compare \Jdynamo\j\b\i.
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\Halthough\h
\Isay\j\b\i awl-\CX1\Ith\j\b\io\j\b\i conjunction even though: 'I will go \Ialthough\j\b\i I would prefer not to'.
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\Haltimeter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\iti-meeta \Pnoun\p an instrument similar to a barometer, used to measure altitude by the change of atmospheric pressure.
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\Haltitude\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the height of anything, especially above sea-level.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i See \Jelevation\j\b\i. \Baltitudinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i alti-\CX1tew\j\b\idi-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ialtitudo\j\b\i height
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\Halto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the range between tenor and soprano. b) a contralto, the lowest female singing voice. c) a countertenor, a high, adult male singing voice. d) any instrument having this range. Italian, high
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\Haltogether\h
\Isay\j\b\i awlta-\CX1ge\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\ia \Padverb\p a) entirely or completely: 'he is \Ialtogether\j\b\i unpleasant'. b) in total: '\Ialtogether\j\b\i it adds up to $400'.
\Bin the altogether\j\b\i, 'the children swam \Iin the altogether\j\b\i' (= nude).
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\Haltruism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\itroo-izm \Pnoun\p an unselfish generosity to, or concern for, other people. \Baltruist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baltruistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i altroo-\CX1ist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Baltruistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Italian \Ialtrui\j\b\i somebody else
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\Halum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1al\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) potassium aluminium sulfate, a white crystalline solid used in chemical processes, dyeing and medicine. b) any of a class of related compounds which act as two separate compounds in solution, but crystallise as one.
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\Halumina\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loo\j\b\imina \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i aluminium oxide (formula Al\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), occurring naturally as corundum and bauxite.
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\Haluminium\h
\Isay\j\b\i al-yoo-\CX1min\j\b\i-y'm \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Baluminum\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1loo\j\b\iminum)
element number 13, a light, soft, very abundant metal which is ductile, malleable and a good conductor of electricity. It is used extensively in alloys, lightweight utensils, etc. Latin \Ialuminis\j\b\i of alum
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\Haluminium foil\h
also called \Bsilver foil\j\b\i or \Btinfoil\j\b\i
a thin sheet of aluminium or similar substance, used for wrapping, etc.
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\Halumnus\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1lum\j\b\inus \Pnoun\p plural is \Balumni\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a former male student of a college or university. \Balumna\j\b\i (plural is \Balumnae\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a former female student of a college or university. Latin, a foster-son
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\Halveolus\h
\Isay\j\b\i alvi-\CX1o\j\b\i-lus \Ior\j\b\i al-\CX1vee\j\b\i-a-lus \Pnoun\p plural is \Balveoli\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) a small air-sac in the lungs. b) the socket or cavity of a tooth. \Balveolar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ialveus\j\b\i a hollow
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\Halways\h
\Padverb\p at all times or continually: a) 'has the earth \Ialways\j\b\i been round?'; b) 'the bus is \Ialways\j\b\i late'.
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\Halyssum\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1liss\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p a low garden plant with small white or yellow flowers.
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\HAlzheimer's Disease\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1alz\j\b\i-high-mers diz-\CX1eez\j\b\i a brain disease leading to a decrease in mental powers. from Alois Alzheimer, 1864-1915, a German doctor
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\Ham\h
\Pverb\p the first person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hamalgam\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mal\j\b\i-g'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any alloy of mercury and another metal, commonly silver, in dental fillings.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mixture or combination. Greek \Imalagma\j\b\i an ointment
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\Hamalgamate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mal\j\b\iga-mate \Pverb\p to combine or mix: 'the three companies \Iamalgamated\j\b\i last month'. \Bamalgamation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hamanuensis\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-man-yoo-\CX1en\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bamanuenses\j\b\i
a secretary or person employed to take dictation, especially for a writer. Latin, a secretary
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\Hamaranth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-ranth \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants with spikes of long-lasting brightly coloured flowers. Greek \Iamarantos\j\b\i unfading
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\Hamass\h
\Pverb\p to collect or heap together, especially for oneself: 'the Duke had \Iamassed\j\b\i a great fortune'.
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\Hamateur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-ter \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who engages in any activity for enjoyment as distinct from making money.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who lacks skill or ability. \Bamateurish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unskilled; \Bamateurishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iamator\j\b\i lover
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\Hamatol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-tol \Pnoun\p an explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene (TNT). \Bam\j\b\i(monium nitrate) + (trinitro)\Btol\j\b\i(uene)
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\Hamatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-tree \Padjective\p relating to love or love-making: 'his intentions were obviously \Iamatory\j\b\i'.
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\Hamaze\h
\Pverb\p to surprise or astonish: 'his wide knowledge \Iamazed\j\b\i us'. \Bamazement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bamazing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bamazingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hamazon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-zon \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \Imythology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of a race of female warriors and hunters who excluded men from their country.
\CX12.\j\b\i a physically strong or powerful woman.
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\Hambassador\h
\Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i the chief representative of a government, sent to a foreign country. A \BchargΘ d'affaires\j\b\i is an official who takes the ambassador's place in his or her absence. Compare \Jconsul\j\b\i. \Bambassadorial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hamber\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the yellow, reddish or brown fossilised resin of coniferous trees, used in jewellery.
\CX12.\j\b\i an orange to yellowish-brown colour. Arabic \Ianbar\j\b\i ambergris
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\Hambergris\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\iba-griss \Pnoun\p a grey waxy substance obtained from the intestine of the sperm whale and formerly used in making perfume.
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\Hambi-\h
a prefix meaning both, as in \Iambidextrous\j\b\i. Latin \Iambo\j\b\i
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\Hambidextrous\h
\Padjective\p able to use both hands equally well. \Bambidexterity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bambi-\j\b\i + Latin \Idextera\j\b\i the right hand
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\Hambience\h
\Pnoun\p an environment or atmosphere: 'the country has a peaceful \Iambience\j\b\i'. \Bambient\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iambire\j\b\i to go round
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\Hambient temperature\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the temperature of the area surrounding a body.
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\Hambiguous\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1big\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p having two or more possible meanings. \Bambiguity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ambi-\CX1gew\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bambiguously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iambiguus\j\b\i changing sides
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\Hambit\h
\Pnoun\p the boundary or range of anything: 'ancient history was not within the \Iambit\j\b\i of his knowledge'.
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\Hambition\h
\Pnoun\p a strong desire for success, fame, etc. \Bambitious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bambitiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iambitio\j\b\i striving for honour
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\Hambivalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1bivv\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p having opposite and conflicting feelings about something: 'she loves him but is \Iambivalent\j\b\i about marriage'. \Bambivalence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bambivalently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bambi-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivalens\j\b\i strong
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\Hamble\h
\Pverb\p to walk at a relaxed or easy pace: 'the cattle \Iambled\j\b\i across the field'. \Bamble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iambulare\j\b\i to walk
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\Hambrosia\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1bro\j\b\i-zee-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the food of the gods.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything delightfully pleasing or delicious to taste or smell. \Bambrosial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iambrotos\j\b\i immortal
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\Hambulance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-bew-l'nce \Pnoun\p a vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people. Latin \Iambulare\j\b\i to walk
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\Hambulant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-bew-l'nt \Padjective\p moving from place to place.
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\Hambulatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i ambew-\CX1lay\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p related to or capable of walking. \Bambulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bambulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bambulatory\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an area for walking, such as a cloister.
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\Hambush\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-b\Iu\j\b\ish \Pverb\p to lie in wait in order to make a surprise attack. \Bambush\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hameba\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jamoeba\j\b\i.
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\Hameliorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mee\j\b\ilia-rate \Pverb\p to make or become better: 'prison conditions may be \Iameliorated\j\b\i by the new law'. \Bamelioration\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-meelia-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imelior\j\b\i better
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\Hamen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ah\j\b\i-men \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-men interjection a word meaning 'so be it', usually said at the end of a prayer. Hebrew, certainly or true
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\Hamenable\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1menn\j\b\ia-b'l \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1mee\j\b\ina-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i willing or agreeable: 'he was not \Iamenable\j\b\i to the suggestion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i responsible or answerable: 'all members are \Iamenable\j\b\i to club rules'. \Bamenability\j\b\i, \Bamenableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bamenably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. French \Iamener\j\b\i to lead to
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\Hamend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make changes in a law, etc.: 'the committee has \Iamended\j\b\i the rule'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to correct or improve: 'here is an \Iamended\j\b\i version of the original script'.
\Bamendment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of amending: 'the \Iamendment\j\b\i of the Bill took several hours'. b) the change or correction made: 'the \Iamendments\j\b\i to the script are marvellous!'.
\Bamends\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bmake amends\j\b\i, 'how can I \Imake amends\j\b\i for my carelessness?' (= make up). \Bamendable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iemendare\j\b\i to remove faults from See \Jemend\j\b\i.
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\Hamenity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1menn\j\b\ia-tee \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1mee\j\b\ina-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) anything which adds to comfort, ease or pleasure: 'the cooking \Iamenities\j\b\i in this flat are excellent'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any pleasantness: 'the \Iamenity\j\b\i of the holiday resort made them want to stay longer'. Latin \Iamoenitas\j\b\i a pleasing sight
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\HAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange\h
short form is \BASCII\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i as-\CX1kee\j\b\i)
\IComputers:\j\b\i a code used for the transmission of data which helps different computer systems recognise the same text characters such as numbers and letters. A(\Imerican\j\b\i) S(\Itandard\j\b\i) C(\Iode\j\b\i) \Ifor\j\b\i I(\Information\j\b\i) I(\Interchange\j\b\i)
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\Hamericium\h
\Isay\j\b\i amma-\CX1riss\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 95, an artificially created radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\HAmerindian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ammer-\CX1ind\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a) one of the race of people who were the original inhabitants of North and South America. b) any of their languages. \BAmerindian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hamethyst\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-thist \Pnoun\p a purple or violet quartz, used as a gem. Greek \Iamethystos\j\b\i not drunk, because the stone was believed to remedy the effects of drink
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\Hamiable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\imia-b'l \Padjective\p friendly or kind. \Bamiably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamiability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hamicable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\iika-b'l \Padjective\p peaceful and friendly: 'it was an \Iamicable\j\b\i agreement'. \Bamicably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamicability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iamicabilis\j\b\i friendly
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\Hamid\h
preposition amidst among or in the middle of: 'she disappeared \Iamid\j\b\i the crowd'.
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\Hamidships\h
\Padverb\p being in, or referring to, the middle part of a ship.
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\Hamigo\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mee\j\b\igo \Pnoun\p a friend. Spanish
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\Hamino group\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1meen\j\b\i-o group \IChemistry:\j\b\i an ammonia molecule (formula NH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i) from which one hydrogen atom is missing, forming the univalent radical -NH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i. \Bamino acid\j\b\i, an acid containing an amino group; \Bamine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-mine \Ior\j\b\i \Bamm\j\b\iine), \Inoun\j\b\i, a compound formed from an amino group and an organic radical, general formula R-NH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i; \Bamide\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-mide), \Inoun\j\b\i, a compound formed from an amino group and an organic acid radical, general formula R-CO-NH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i.
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\Hamir\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1meer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a title given to certain Turkish officials.
\CX12.\j\b\i an emir.
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\Hamiss\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p wrong or faulty: 'something must have gone \Iamiss\j\b\i with their plans'.
\Btake amiss\j\b\i, 'do not \Itake\j\b\i his comments \Iamiss\j\b\i' (= resent).
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\Hamity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a state of friendship and harmony: 'the peace treaty led to greater \Iamity\j\b\i between the nations'. Latin \Iamicus\j\b\i friend
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\Hammeter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure the strength of electric current in ampere. \Bam\j\b\i(pere) + \Bmeter\j\b\i
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\Hammonia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p a colourless, strong-smelling gas (formula NH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), which is very soluble in water where it produces an alkaline solution. It is used in cleaning mixtures, explosives and fertilisers. from the Temple of \IAmmon\j\b\i in Libya, where first found
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\Hammunition\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-yoo-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p any of the materials, e.g. shot, shells, etc. used in firing guns.
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\Hamnesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1nee\j\b\izia \Pnoun\p a loss of memory. \Ba-\j\b\i + Greek \Imnestis\j\b\i recollection
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\Hamnesty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ina-stee \Pnoun\p a general pardon, especially for crimes against a government. Greek \Iamnestia\j\b\i forgetting a wrong
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\Hamniocentesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ineeo-sentee-sis \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the removal of a sample of the fluid which surrounds the embryo sac, usually to test for abnormality in the developing embryo.
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\Hamnion\h
\Pnoun\p the sac containing the unborn offspring of a reptile, bird or mammal. \BAmniotic fluid\j\b\i is the watery fluid which surrounds the embryo in this sac and is expelled before birth. \Bamniotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i amni-\CX1ott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hamoeba\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mee\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p plural is \Bamoebae\j\b\i or \Bamoebas\j\b\i
in America spelt \Bameba\j\b\i
a microscopic, unicellular animal which moves by changing its shape and reproduces by simple division into two parts. \Bamoebic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \IamoibΘ\j\b\i change
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\Hamok\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mok\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i a-\CX1muk\j\b\i \Padverb\p also spelt \Bamuck\j\b\i
\Brun amok\j\b\i, to rush about wildly or violently.
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\Hamong\h
preposition amongst a word used to indicate the following:
a) 'he stood \Iamong\j\b\i the crowd' (= surrounded by).
b) 'the chocolates were divided \Iamong\j\b\i the children' (= to each of).
c) 'the family dispute must be settled \Iamong\j\b\i themselves' (= between).
d) 'I number him \Iamong\j\b\i my friends' (= within the group of).
e) 'she is \Iamong\j\b\i the best known singers' (= one of). Old English \Ion\j\b\i in + \Igemang\j\b\i the crowd \Bamong, between\j\b\i. \IBetween\j\b\i, and never \Iamong\j\b\i, is used when referring to two people or things: 'a strong friendship developed \Ibetween\j\b\i Julio and Sandy'. However, both \Iamong\j\b\i and \Ibetween\j\b\i can be used when referring to more than two people or things: 'the players discussed strategy \Iamong\j\b\i themselves', 'the camp is located between the lake, the forest and the mountain range'.
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\Hamoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1morr\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or relating to behaviour which is not based on any moral standards. \Bamorally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamorality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ay-mo-\CX1rall\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jimmoral\j\b\i.
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\Hamorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p a) of or showing love: 'an \Iamorous\j\b\i glance'. b) inclined or disposed to love: 'his intentions were clearly \Iamorous\j\b\i'. \Bamorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iamor\j\b\i love
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\Hamorphous\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mor\j\b\ifus \Padjective\p having no definite form or shape. \Bamorphously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamorphousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Ba-\j\b\i + Greek \ImorphΘ\j\b\i a shape
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\Hamortise\h
\Pverb\p amortize \ICommerce:\j\b\i to write off or recover the cost of a capital investment. \Bad-\j\b\i + Latin \Imortis\j\b\i of death
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\Hamount\h
\Pnoun\p the extent or total of anything: 'the \Iamount\j\b\i of effort required is minimal'.
\Bamount\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to add up or be equal to: 'her debts \Iamounted\j\b\i to $1500'. Old French \Iamont\j\b\i upward or to the mountain
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\Hamour\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1moor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a love affair. French, love
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\Hamour-propre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ioor-\CX1prop\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p self-esteem. French
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\Hampere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-pair \Pnoun\p short form is \Bamp\j\b\i
the base SI unit of electric current. See \Jsi unit\j\b\i.
the electric current expressed in ampere. after \IA. M. AmpΦre\j\b\i, 1775-1836, a French physicist
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\Hampersand\h
\Pnoun\p the sign (&), meaning \Iand\j\b\i.
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\Hamphetamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1fett\j\b\ia-meen \Pnoun\p a drug used to relieve congestion or stimulate the nervous system.
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\Hamphi-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ifi a prefix meaning on both or all sides, as in \Iamphitheatre\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hamphibian\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1fibb\j\b\ii-an \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of animals, with a backbone, able to live in water and on land, usually developing in water but spending most of its adult life on land.
\CX12.\j\b\i an aircraft which can take off and land on land or water.
\CX13.\j\b\i a vehicle which can travel on land or water. \Bamphibian\j\b\i, \Bamphibious\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Iamphibios\j\b\i living a double life
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\Hamphitheatre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ifi-theerta \Pnoun\p a circular or oval area with sloping sides rising around it, such as a theatre gallery, sports arena, etc.
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\Hamphometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i am-\CX1fomm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a device which estimates the speed with which a vehicle crosses a measured distance.
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\Hamphora\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ifora \Pnoun\p a two-handled vessel with a narrow neck, used by ancient Greeks and Romans.
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\Hamphoteric\h
\Isay\j\b\i amfa-\CX1terr\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i acting as an acid or a base.
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\Hample\h
\Padjective\p large or plentiful: 'the house has \Iample\j\b\i room for all of us'. \Bamply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bampleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iamplus\j\b\i spacious
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\Hamplifier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ipli-fire \Pnoun\p \IElectronics:\j\b\i any device which uses power from another source to increase the strength of a signal fed into it, such as that used in a hi-fi system to increase volume.
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\Hamplify\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ipli-fie \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to enlarge, extend or increase: 'could you \Iamplify\j\b\i that statement?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i to increase the amplitude. \Bamplification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iamplificare\j\b\i to widen
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\Hamplitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\ipli-tewd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the extent, breadth or fullness of anything.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of movement away from the middle position, such as the swing of a pendulum from its resting place or the maximum variation of a light-wave.
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\Hamplitude modulation\h
short form is \BAM\j\b\i
a method of radio broadcasting, in which the amplitude of the transmitted wave is varied, producing long-range but low-fidelity reception. Compare \Jfrequency modulation\j\b\i.
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\Hamply\h
\Padverb\p See \Jample\j\b\i.
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\Hampoule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-pool \Pnoun\p a small, sealed, glass container for sterile liquids or solids. Latin \Iampulla\j\b\i a bottle
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\Hamputate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-pew-tate \Pverb\p to cut off a diseased or injured limb, etc. by surgical operation. \Bamputation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bamputee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has had a limb amputated. \Bambi-\j\b\i + Latin \Iputare\j\b\i to prune
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\Hamuck\h
\Padverb\p See \Jamok\j\b\i.
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\Hamulet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1am\j\b\i-yoo-let \Pnoun\p an ornament or charm believed to protect the wearer from misfortune.
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\Hamuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1mewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cause to smile or laugh.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make time pass pleasantly: 'can you \Iamuse\j\b\i yourself until we return?'. \Bamusement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being amused, b) anything which amuses; \Bamusingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bamusedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Old French \Iamuser\j\b\i to waste time
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\Hamyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\iil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds containing the univalent pentyl group (C\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I11\j\b\i-).
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\Hamylase\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ii-laze \Pnoun\p an enzyme found in animals and plants, which changes starch into sugar.
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\Hamytal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1amm\j\b\ii-tal \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a drug used as a sedative.
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\Han\h
article \IGrammar:\j\b\i an indefinite article. See \Jarticle\j\b\i.
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\Han- (1)\h
a variant of the prefix \Ba-\j\b\i.
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\Han- (2)\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\H-an\h
a suffix meaning belonging to, often used of a person who is associated with a particular country, group, etc., as in \IAmerican\j\b\i.
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\H-ana\h
a suffix meaning a collection of material related to a particular subject, as in \IAustraliana\j\b\i.
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\Hanabolic steroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1bol\j\b\iik \CX1ster\j\b\ir-oid any of a group of usually synthetic hormones sometimes taken by sports competitors to increase muscle size.
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\Hanabolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nabb\j\b\ia-lizm \Pnoun\p the process, in living organisms, of building up complex substances from more simple ones. Compare \Jcatabolism\j\b\i. \Banabolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1boll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \IanabolΘ\j\b\i a heaping up
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\Hanabranch\h
\Pnoun\p a branch of a river which flows away from the main stream but later rejoins it. Compare \Jbillabong\j\b\i.
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\Hanachronism\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nak\j\b\ira-nizm \Pnoun\p the assigning of something to a wrong date.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'horse-drawn transport is an \Ianachronism\j\b\i in large modern cities' (= something chronologically out of place). \Banachronistic\j\b\i, \Banachronous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Iana-\j\b\i against + \Ikhronos\j\b\i time
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\Hanaconda\h
\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1kon\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p a very large South American snake related to the boa, reaching at least 10 m in length.
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\Hanaemia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nee\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p also spelt \Banemia\j\b\i
a shortage of red blood cells due to loss of blood or reduced production of cells, causing weakness and a pale colouring of the skin.
\Banaemic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i suffering from anaemia.
\CX12.\j\b\i colourless or weak: 'an \Ianaemic\j\b\i complexion'. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Ihaima\j\b\i blood
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\Hanaerobe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-robe \Pnoun\p an organism that does not require oxygen to live. Compare \Jaerobe\j\b\i. \Banaerobic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1ro\j\b\i-bik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Baerobe\j\b\i
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\Hanaesthesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i annis-\CX1theez\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Banesthesia\j\b\i
any substance, such as ether or chloroform, producing a general or local loss of feeling, pain, etc. \Banaesthetise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nees\j\b\itha-tize), \Banaesthetize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Banaesthetist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nees\j\b\itha-tist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained to give anaesthetics. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Baesthetic\j\b\i
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\Hanagram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-gram \Pnoun\p a word formed by rearranging the letters of another word.
\IExample\j\b\i: \Imarch\j\b\i is an anagram of \Icharm\j\b\i. Greek \Iana\j\b\i again + \Igramma\j\b\i a letter
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\Hanal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\in'l \Padjective\p See \Janus\j\b\i.
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\Hanalgesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i annal-\CX1jeez\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p an inability to feel pain.
any substance which relieves pain. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Ialgos\j\b\i pain
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\Hanalogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-log \Pnoun\p analog something which has an analogy to something else.
\Banalogue\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i (of a quantity or measurement) being directly measurable and continuously variable, such as voltage, pressure, depth, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i indicating a measurement by hands on clocks, watches, etc.
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\Hanalogue computer\h
a computer which uses data that is continuously variable. Compare \Jdigital computer\j\b\i.
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\Hanalogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nall\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p an agreement or partial correspondence in things between which a comparison may be made: 'there is an \Ianalogy\j\b\i between the heart and a pump'.
comparable in several respects. \Banalogical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Banalogically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Banalogise\j\b\i, \Banalogize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use or explain by analogy; \Banalogously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ianalogos\j\b\i proportionate
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\Hanalyse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-lize \Pverb\p analyze \CX11.\j\b\i to examine critically or establish the essential features of: 'we all tried to \Ianalyse\j\b\i his motives'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to divide into the constituent parts and examine each element: 'to \Ianalyse\j\b\i a chemical compound'.
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\Hanalysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nall\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the process of separating something into its constituent parts, so as to examine or describe it. Compare \Jsynthesis\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the branch of maths which uses algebraic and calculus methods. b) the exposition of the principles involved in solving a problem.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i See \Jpsychoanalysis\j\b\i. \Banalyst\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled in analysis; \Banalytic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1litt\j\b\iik), \Banalytical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Banalytically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek, a breaking up
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\Hanalytical geometry\h
a branch of geometry using algebraic and analytical methods to solve problems.
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\Hanapaest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-peest \Pnoun\p also spelt \Banapest\j\b\i
\IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i.
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\Hanarchy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-kee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a lack of established government or control, usually leading to disorder.
\CX12.\j\b\i a general state of disorder or uproar: '\Ianarchy\j\b\i reigned in the school during the teachers' strike'.
a person who believes that all organised authority should be abolished in the interest of individual freedom. \Banarchism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Banarchic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nar\j\b\ikik), \Banarchical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Iarkhos\j\b\i a ruler
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\Hanathema\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nath\j\b\iema \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a curse by God or the Church.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is detested or loathed: 'wedding receptions are \Ianathema\j\b\i to him'. \Banathematise\j\b\i, \Banathematize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek, a curse
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\Hanatomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1natt\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the internal structure of anything.
\CX12.\j\b\i the study of the structure of an organism. Compare \Jphysiology\j\b\i. \Banatomist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Banatomical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Banatomically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \IanatomΘ\j\b\i a cutting up
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\Hancestor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\isesta \Pnoun\p a person from whom descent can be traced through either of one's parents. \Bancestral\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1sess\j\b\i-tr'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bancestrally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bante-\j\b\i + Latin \Icedere\j\b\i to go
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\Hancestry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-sess-tree \Pnoun\p a) a line of descent. b) all one's ancestors.
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\Hanchor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a heavy object attached to a ship by a rope or chain and lowered into the seabed to prevent the ship drifting.
\Banchor-man\j\b\i a) the person at the end of a tug of war rope; b) the final runner in a relay.
\Banchor person\j\b\i a compere.
\Banchor\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to lower an anchor. b) to hold or be held fast by an anchor.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'curiosity \Ianchored\j\b\i her to the spot' (= firmly fixed). \Banchorage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an area where ships may anchor, b) the fee paid for this.
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\Hanchorite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ika-rite \Pnoun\p a religious hermit. Greek \Ianakhoreein\j\b\i to retire or retreat
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\Hanchor-person\h
\Pnoun\p a compere.
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\Hanchovy\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1cho\j\b\i-vee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\icha-vee \Pnoun\p any of a group of small, edible, oily fish, related to the herring.
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\Hancient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ane\j\b\i-sh'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing or occurring in times long past, especially before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in \Bad\j\b\i 476.
\CX12.\j\b\i very old: 'an \Iancient\j\b\i farmer milking cows by hand'. \Bancient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who lived in ancient times, b) a very old person.
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\Hancillary\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1sill\j\b\ia-ree \Padjective\p auxiliary. Latin \Iancilla\j\b\i a servant
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\Hand\h
conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i a word used to indicate the following:
a) (connection or joining of ideas, etc.) 'we ate dinner \Iand\j\b\i then we left'.
b) (continuation) 'we talked \Iand\j\b\i talked for hours'.
c) (addition) 'seven \Iand\j\b\i eight equals fifteen'.
\CX12.\j\b\i as well as: 'the house was dark \Iand\j\b\i cold'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to: 'please try \Iand\j\b\i find it'.
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\Handante\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1dan\j\b\i-tee \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i slowly. Italian
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\Handiron\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfiredog\j\b\i.
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\Handrogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\idra-j'n \Pnoun\p any of various hormones which control the appearance and development of masculine characteristics. Greek \Iandros\j\b\i of a man + \Bgen\j\b\i(esis)
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\Handrogynous\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1droj\j\b\ii-nus \Padjective\p having both male and female characteristics. Greek \Iandros\j\b\i of a man + \Igyne\j\b\i woman
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\Hanecdote\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\iek-dote \Pnoun\p a short, interesting or amusing story about a particular person or event. \Banecdotal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i annek-\CX1doe\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ianekdotos\j\b\i unpublished
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\Hanemia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nee\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p See \Janaemia\j\b\i.
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\Hanemometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i anee-\CX1momm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument for recording the force of wind.
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\Hanemone\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nemm\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small garden flower growing from a corm and resembling a poppy.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sea-anemone.
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\Haneroid barometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i anna-royd ba-\CX1romm\j\b\iita an instrument for measuring air-pressure by the movement of the elastic top of a box which has been emptied of air. \BA-\j\b\i + Greek \Ineros\j\b\i wet + \B-oid\j\b\i
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\Hanesthesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i annis-\CX1theez\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p See \Janaesthesia\j\b\i.
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\Haneurysm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-yoo-rizm \Pnoun\p a disorder of the heart or arteries in which the wall bulges outwards at an area of weakness. Greek \Ianeurysma\j\b\i a widening
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\Hanew\h
\Padverb\p once more or again: 'we will start \Ianew\j\b\i'.
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\Hangel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ane\j\b\i-j'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IJewish, Christian:\j\b\i a divine or spiritual being, usually pictured as having wings, who is an attendant or messenger of God.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any beautiful or kind person: 'you're an \Iangel\j\b\i for doing my shopping'. \Bangelic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1jell\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bangelically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iaggelos\j\b\i messenger
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\Hangelica\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1jell\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p a fragrant European plant, the crystallised stalks of which are used in cooking as a decoration.
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\Hanger\h
\Pnoun\p a strong feeling of displeasure and often hostility: 'her clumsy apology only made his \Ianger\j\b\i greater'. \Banger\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hangina pectoris\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1jie\j\b\i-na pekta-ris short form is \Bangina\j\b\i
brief severe pain in the heart due to the blockage of a coronary artery and a lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle. Latin \Iangina\j\b\i spasm + \Ipectoris\j\b\i of the chest
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\Hangiogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ijeeo-gram \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an X-ray taken after special dyes have been injected into blood vessels, usually those surrounding the heart.
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\Hangiosperm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ijio-sperm \Pnoun\p any of a large group of flowering plants in which the seeds are enclosed by an ovary, which becomes a fruit after fertilisation. Compare \Jgymnosperm\j\b\i. Greek \Iaggeion\j\b\i vessel + \Isperma\j\b\i seed
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\Hangle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the space between two lines or planes which diverge from a point.
\CX12.\j\b\i the inclination to each other of such lines or planes, measured in degrees (360 making a revolution) or in radians (2╣ making a revolution). \CX13.\j\b\i an aspect or point of view: 'we must consider all \Iangles\j\b\i of the matter'.
\Bangle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move or direct at an angle: 'the roof was \Iangled\j\b\i steeply to allow snow to slide off'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the question was \Iangled\j\b\i so that only one answer was possible' (= biased, slanted).
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\Hangle (2)\h
\Pverb\p to fish.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iangled\j\b\i for an invitation to the party' (= schemed, tried). \Bangler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who fishes.
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\Hangle iron\h
a steel bar with an L-shaped cross-section.
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\HAnglican Church\h
\IChristian:\j\b\i See \Jchurch of england\j\b\i. \BAnglican\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hanglicise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\igli-size \Pverb\p anglisize to make or become English in character, habits, etc.: 'the \Ianglicised\j\b\i pronunciation of a foreign word'.
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\HAnglicism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ang\j\b\ili-sizm \Pnoun\p an English expression or idiom. Late Latin \IAnglice\j\b\i in English
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\HAnglo-Indian\h
\Pnoun\p a) a person with mixed Indian and British parentage. b) (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a person of British descent who has lived in India for a long time.
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\HAnglophile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iglo-file \Pnoun\p a person who has an admiration for Britain and British things. \BAnglophilia\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anglo-\CX1fill\j\b\iia), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HAnglo-Saxon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person of English descent, particularly in Great Britain or North America.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i an inhabitant of England during the six centuries before the Norman Conquest (\Ba.d\j\b\i. 1066).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jenglish\j\b\i. from \IAngul\j\b\i, a district in Schleswig, northern Germany, + \ISaxony\j\b\i, formerly the north-west coast of Germany
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\Hangora\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1gaw\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p a) a cat, goat or rabbit having long, silky hair. b) the yarn or fabric made from the coat of such an animal. from \IAngora\j\b\i Ankara, the capital of Turkey
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\Hangry\h
\Padjective\p full of anger: 'he was unabashed by her \Iangry\j\b\i glare'. \Bangrily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hangst\h
\Pnoun\p a condition of anxiety or dread, often consisting of feelings of guilt, remorse or hopelessness. German
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\Hangstrom\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of length equal to 10{\up6 -10\j\b\i m. after \IA. J. Angstr÷m\j\b\i, 1814-74, a Swedish physicist
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\Hanguish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ang\j\b\i-gwish \Pnoun\p an extreme pain or suffering: 'the bushfires caused many people great \Ianguish\j\b\i'. \Banguish\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hangular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ang\j\b\i-gewla \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) having, consisting of or forming an angle. b) measured by an angle: 'the \Iangular\j\b\i distance'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a person) bony or awkward. \Bangularity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hangular distance\h
the distance between two bodies, measured as an angle from the observer.
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\Hangular momentum\h
the product of the angular velocity of an object, its mass and the square of its distance from the centre.
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\Hangular velocity\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the rate of movement through an angle around a centre, measured in degrees, radians or revolutions per unit of time.
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\Hanhydride\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1high\j\b\i-dride \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound which is formed from another compound, such as an acid or a base, by the removal of one or more molecules of water. The process is usually reversible. \Banhydrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a substance which contains no water. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Ihydor\j\b\i water
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\Haniline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ii-leen \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i an oily liquid (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\iNH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i), prepared from benzene. It is the basis of many dyes, plastics and resins.
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\Hanimadvert\h
\Isay\j\b\i annim-ad\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to criticise. \Banimadversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i annim-ad-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ianimus\j\b\i mind + \Ivertere\j\b\i to turn
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\Hanimal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any living organism which is able to move about for at least part of its life, but cannot make its own food from chemical elements or simple compounds. Compare \Jplant\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any beast-like or uncivilised person.
\Banimal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i of one's physical rather than intellectual nature: 'food is an \Ianimal\j\b\i need'. Latin, a living being
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\Hanimal spirits\h
a vigorous state of good health.
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\Hanimate\h
\Pverb\p to make alive or lively: 'her face was \Ianimated\j\b\i by her smile'. \Banimate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, alive or possessing life; \Banimately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Banimation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hanimated cartoon\h
See \Jcartoon\j\b\i.
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\Hanimatronics\h
\Isay\j\b\i annima-\CX1tron\j\b\iiks \Pnoun\p any three-dimensional animation controlled by electronic mechanisms.
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\Hanimism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ii-mizm \Pnoun\p the belief that all beings and objects have a soul. \Banimist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Banimistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hanimosity\h
\Isay\j\b\i anni-\CX1moss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a feeling of hostility or aggression.
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\Hanimus\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i animosity.
\CX12.\j\b\i a moving or animating force.
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\Hanion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-eye-on \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a negatively charged ion which is attracted to the anode during electrolysis. Compare \Jcation\j\b\i. Greek \Iana\j\b\i up + \Bion\j\b\i
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\Haniseed\h
\Pnoun\p the strong-smelling seed of a European plant called \Banise\j\b\i, used in medicine and cooking.
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\Hankle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the joint connecting the lower leg to the foot, made up of seven bones called \Btarsal bones\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the slender part of the leg immediately above the foot.
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\Hanklebiter\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a young child.
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\Hanklet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a short sock covering the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i an ornamental band or chain worn around the ankle.
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\Hannals\h
plural \Pnoun\p a) a history of events recorded year by year. b) the books containing such records. \Bannalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iannales\j\b\i chronicles
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\Hanneal\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1neel\j\b\i \Pverb\p to heat and then carefully cool a material, such as glass, to remove any structural weaknesses and hence toughen it.
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\Hannelid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-ellid \Pnoun\p any of a group of segmented (ringed) worms, e.g. the earthworm.
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\Hannex\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1neks\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to attach or join to something larger: 'the farm was \Iannexed\j\b\i to the neighbouring estate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take over or attach land to one's own: 'the empire \Iannexed\j\b\i several small territories during the short war'. \Bannexation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hannexe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-eks \Pnoun\p annex \CX11.\j\b\i a building or structure added to or situated near a larger one.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which has been added or joined.
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\Hannihilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nigh\j\b\i-a-late \Pverb\p to completely destroy or defeat. \Bannihilation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bad-\j\b\i + Latin \Inihil\j\b\i nothing
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\Hanniversary\h
\Isay\j\b\i anni-\CX1ver\j\b\isa-ree \Pnoun\p a) the annual return of the date of an event: 'a wedding \Ianniversary\j\b\i'. b) the celebration of this. Latin \Iannus\j\b\i year + \Iversus\j\b\i turning
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\Hannotate\h
\Pverb\p to supply or add notes, e.g. in explanation, criticism, etc.: 'this book is \Iannotated\j\b\i in the margins'. \Bannotation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bannotator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hannounce\h
\Pverb\p to state or make known publicly: 'the Prime Minister \Iannounced\j\b\i the new policies'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'rain \Iannounced\j\b\i the beginning of winter' (= introduced). \Bannouncement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bannouncer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who announces or narrates, especially on radio or television.
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\Hannoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1noy\j\b\i \Pverb\p to displease or irritate: 'she was \Iannoyed\j\b\i by the delay'. \Bannoyance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something which annoys, b) the act of annoying, c) the feeling of being annoyed.
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\Hannual\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i occurring once a year: 'an \Iannual\j\b\i race meeting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i happening over the course of a year: 'the \Iannual\j\b\i journey of the planets'.
\Bannual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a book published once a year.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any plant which completes its life cycle within one season or one year. Latin \Iannus\j\b\i a year
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\Hannuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1new\j\b\i-it-ee \Pnoun\p \IInsurance:\j\b\i a sum of money paid as a regular yearly income from an insurance policy.
to abolish or make void, e.g. a law or marriage. \Bannulment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hannular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-yewla \Padjective\p ring-shaped. Latin \Ianulus\j\b\i a ring
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\Hanode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\i-ode \Pnoun\p a positive electrode. Compare \Jcathode\j\b\i. Greek \Iana\j\b\i up + \Ihodos\j\b\i a way
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\Hanodise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-dize \Pverb\p anodize to coat metal with a protective layer by electrolysis.
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\Hanodyne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-dine \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any drug which relieves pain.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which relieves distress. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \IodynΘ\j\b\i pain
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\Hanoint\h
\Pverb\p to put oil on as a sign of consecration, especially in a religious ceremony. \Banointment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hanomaly\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nomm\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p anything which is irregular or different from what is normal: 'a flightless bird is an \Ianomaly\j\b\i'. \Banomalous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ianomalos\j\b\i uneven
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\Hanon\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning soon.
\Bever and anon\j\b\i, now and then.
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\Hanonymous\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nonn\j\b\ii-mus \Padjective\p having no known or acknowledged name or authorship: 'an \Ianonymous\j\b\i poem'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an \Ianonymous\j\b\i face which she could not recall' (= lacking individuality). \Banonymously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Banonymity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1nimm\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ian-\j\b\i without + \Ionyma\j\b\i name
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\Hanorak\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ann\j\b\ia-rak \Pnoun\p a parka. Eskimo
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\Hanorexia\h
\Isay\j\b\i anna-\CX1rek\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p also called \Banorexia nervosa\j\b\i
an illness causing complete loss of appetite. \Banorexic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being extremely thin, from or as if from, anorexia.
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\Hanother\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1nu\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\ia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i an additional: 'pass me \Ianother\j\b\i cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a different: 'come \Ianother\j\b\i day'.
\Banother\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an additional one: 'choose \Ianother\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a different one: 'going from one place to \Ianother\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a similar or identical one.
\Bone another\j\b\i, 'you must look after \Ione another\j\b\i' (= each other).
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\Hanswer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ahn\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a reply or response: 'please give me an \Ianswer\j\b\i to my request'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a solution to a problem: 'what \Ianswer\j\b\i did you get for that maths problem?'.
\Banswer\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to respond.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this should \Ianswer\j\b\i our purpose' (= suit, serve).
b) 'this man \Ianswers\j\b\i to your description' (= corresponds).
\Banswer for\j\b\i, a) 'who will \Ianswer for\j\b\i the damage?' (= accept responsibility for); b) 'he must \Ianswer for\j\b\i such cruel violence' (= pay for, suffer the consequences of).
\Banswerable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i responsible or accountable: 'who is \Ianswerable\j\b\i for this child's behaviour?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be answered.
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\Hanswering machine\h
a device attached to a telephone which answers incoming calls and may record messages.
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\Hant\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of very small insects which form, and live in, communities.
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\Hantacid\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tass\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p any substance which neutralises or counteracts acids, e.g. in the stomach.
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\Hantagonism\h
\Isay\j\b\i an\CX1tagg\j\b\ia-nizm \Pnoun\p any active opposition or hostility: 'he feels great \Iantagonism\j\b\i towards his wife'.
\Bantagonist\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person actively opposed to, or in competition with, another. \Bantagonise, antagonize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make hostile; \Bantagonistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-tagga-\CX1nist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hantarctic\h
\Padjective\p at or near the South Pole. Greek \Iantarktikos\j\b\i opposite the north
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\HAntarctica\h
\Pnoun\p the continent around the South Pole, almost entirely covered by a vast icesheet.
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\HAntarctic Circle\h
a line drawn on a map showing the most northerly point at which the sun does not set on one day a year, at about 66░30{\f14684 9\j\b\i╩south.
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\Hante\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ant\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a minimum bet placed before the first card is dealt, e.g. in poker. from \Bante-\j\b\i
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\Hante-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ant\j\b\ii a prefix meaning before, as in \Iantecedent\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hanteater\h
\Pnoun\p any of various animals which live on ants, such as the echidna.
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\Hantecedent\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1see\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) one's ancestors or past history.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the word or phrase in a sentence to which a \Ppronoun\p refers. \IExample\j\b\i: in the sentence 'have you seen the book that I bought yesterday?' \Ibook\j\b\i is the antecedent of \Ithat\j\b\i.
\Bantecedent\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
occurring before or earlier. \Bante-\j\b\i + Latin \Icedere\j\b\i to go
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\Hantechamber\h
\Pnoun\p See \Janteroom\j\b\i.
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\Hantedate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ant\j\b\ii-date \Pverb\p to predate.
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\Hantediluvian\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-de-\CX1loo\j\b\ivian \Padjective\p before the Biblical Flood.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is a very \Iantediluvian\j\b\i belief' (= primitive, outdated). \Bante-\j\b\i + Latin \Idiluvium\j\b\i deluge
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\Hantelope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ita-lope \Pnoun\p any of various horned, ruminant mammals similar to deer, such as the chamois, gazelle and gnu.
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\Hante meridiem\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti mer-\CX1ridd\j\b\ii-em short form is \Ba.m\j\b\i.
the time before midday. Compare \Jpost meridiem\j\b\i. \Bante-\j\b\i + Latin \Imeridiem\j\b\i midday
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\Hantenatal\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1nay\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p during pregnancy but before birth: 'an \Iantenatal\j\b\i clinic'.
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\Hantenna\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tenn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i either of the pair of jointed outgrowths occurring on the heads of insects and some other animals. Plural is \Bantennae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tenn\j\b\iee).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i an aerial. Plural is \Bantennas\j\b\i.
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\Hanterior\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1teer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i situated before or to the front: 'an \Ianterior\j\b\i room'.
\CX12.\j\b\i preceding in time.
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\Hanteroom\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Bantechamber\j\b\i
a waiting room outside a larger room.
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\Hanthem\h
\Pnoun\p a short, solemn song of praise. A \Bnational anthem\j\b\i is one adopted by a country to express patriotism and loyalty.
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\Hanther\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the end of a stamen containing the pollen.
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\Hanthology\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a collection of poems or literary extracts. \Banthologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ianthos\j\b\i a flower + \Ilegein\j\b\i to collect
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\Hanthracite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ithra-site \Pnoun\p also called \Bhard coal\j\b\i
a coal which is almost pure carbon.
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\Hanthrax\h
\Pnoun\p an often fatal, bacterial infection of cattle and humans, often causing severe carbuncles.
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\Hanthropo-\h
a prefix meaning human, or relating to humans, as in \Ianthropology\j\b\i.
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\Hanthropocentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-throppa-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p interpreting the universe exclusively in terms of human values and experience.
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\Hanthropoid\h
\Padjective\p of or resembling human beings.
\Banthropoid\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an ape which resembles a human being, such as a gorilla.
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\Hanthropology\h
\Isay\j\b\i anthra-\CX1poll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of human beings and the customs, characteristics, etc. of human societies. \Banthropological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-throppa-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Banthropologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hanthropomorphic\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-throppa-\CX1mor\j\b\ifik \Padjective\p attributing something which is non-human, such as a god, with human characteristics.
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\Hanti-\h
a prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, as in \Iantibiotic\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hanti-aircraft\h
\Padjective\p relating to weapons and equipment used against enemy aircraft.
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\Hantibiotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-by-\CX1ott\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a substance, such as penicillin, produced by living organisms, which will kill or prevent the growth of other organisms, and is widely used to treat disease.
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\Hantibody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-body \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a protein produced when any foreign substance, called an \Bantigen\j\b\i, enters the body. By combining with and neutralising antigens, antibodies provide immunity to disease.
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\Hantic\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any ludicrous or absurd behaviour: 'journalists love the \Iantics\j\b\i of politicians'.
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\Hanticipate\h
\Isay\j\b\i an\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-pate \Pverb\p to expect or realise or act beforehand: 'I \Ianticipated\j\b\i a better response'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the general successfully \Ianticipated\j\b\i the enemy's strategy' (= forestalled).
b) 'Jules Verne \Ianticipated\j\b\i modern technology by 50 years' (= foresaw). \Banticipation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Banticipatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hanticlerical\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1klerr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p opposed to the exercise of political influence by the clergy. \Banticlericalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hanticlimax\h
\Pnoun\p a) the weakening of an effect, especially in a literary work. b) a disappointing outcome or conclusion. \Banticlimactic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anti-klie-\CX1mak\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hanticline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-kline \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i an upward curve in layers of folded rock. Compare \Jsyncline\j\b\i. \Banticlinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1kline\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hanticlockwise\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p in a direction opposite to the movement of the hands of a clock.
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\Hanticyclone\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-klone \Pnoun\p \IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jhigh\j\b\i.
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\Hantidepressant\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-de-\CX1press\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p any of a group of drugs used to prevent or relieve mental depression.
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\Hanti-discrimination\h
\Padjective\p (of a policy) being designed to avoid or counteract discrimination.
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\Hantidote\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i any substance that will counteract the effects of a poison, disease, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any remedy: 'time is the only \Iantidote\j\b\i for a broken heart'. \Bantidotal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hantifouling\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a protective coating painted on the bottom of boats to discourage marine growths.
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\Hantifreeze\h
\Pnoun\p a substance added to the water in car radiators, etc. to prevent freezing.
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\Hantigen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-j'n \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i See \Jantibody\j\b\i.
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\Hanti-hero\h
\Pnoun\p a character cast as the hero of a modern novel or play, but devoid of heroic qualities.
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\Hantihistamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1hist\j\b\ia-meen \Pnoun\p any of a group of drugs which neutralise histamines, used to treat allergies.
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\Hantilogarithm\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1logg\j\b\ia-ri\Ith\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jlogarithm\j\b\i.
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\Hantimacassar\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-ma-\CX1kass\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a decorative and protective cover for the back and arms of a chair. \Banti-\j\b\i + \IMacassar\j\b\i oil, a hair oil
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\Hantimatter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-matter \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) a phenomenon, possible in theory but as yet undetected, formed from antiparticles in the same way that matter is formed from particles. b) any antiparticles.
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\Hantimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1timm\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p element number 51, a brittle metal which expands on solidifying, used in alloys, such as type metal, and in medicine.
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\Hantinode\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a point of greatest amplitude in a standing wave. Compare \Jnode\j\b\i.
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\Hantinomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tinn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p an opposition or contradiction.
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\Hanti-nuke\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is opposed to nuclear weapons or nuclear power.
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\Hanti-oxidant\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a chemical added to a substance or product to prevent it deteriorating by oxidation.
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\Hantiparticle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ant\j\b\ii-parti-k'l \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a particle identical to a corresponding elementary particle except for opposite charge and opposite magnetism: 'the positron is the \Iantiparticle\j\b\i of the electron'.
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\Hantipasto\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1pas\j\b\ito \Pnoun\p an appetiser.
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\Hantipathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tipp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p a strong, fixed dislike or aversion: 'my \Iantipathy\j\b\i towards him is entirely instinctive'. \Bantipathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anti-pa-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hantipersonnel\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-persa-\CX1nel\j\b\i \Padjective\p (of weapons) designed to destroy people rather than buildings, etc.
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\Hantiperspirant\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1pers\j\b\ipi-r'nt \Pnoun\p any substance which is used to prevent or decrease sweating.
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\Hantipodes\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tipp\j\b\ia-deez plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any two points directly opposite each other on a globe, such as the North and South Poles.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) Australia and New Zealand. \Bantipodean\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i an-tippa-\CX1dee\j\b\i-en), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Banti-\j\b\i + Greek \Ipodos\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hantiquarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1kwair\j\b\i-ian \Padjective\p of or relating to the study of antiquities. \Bantiquarian\j\b\i, \Bantiquary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-kwerri), \Inouns\j\b\i, an expert on, or dealer in, antiquities.
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\Hantiquated\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1kway\j\b\itid \Padjective\p old-fashioned, quaint or obsolete: '\Iantiquated\j\b\i machinery is often valued as a collector's item'.
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\Hantique\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1teek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any rare or valued object from the past, especially one more than 100 years old.
\Bantique\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) of or relating to antiques. b) of or relating to the distant past: 'the fountain gave the courtyard an \Iantique\j\b\i charm'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) any ancient time or remote period: 'the origins of the legend are lost in \Iantiquity\j\b\i'. b) the quality of being ancient: 'it is a city of great \Iantiquity\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any works of art or ruins from the distant past: 'we studied the Greek \Iantiquities\j\b\i in the museum'. Latin \Iantiquus\j\b\i ancient
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\Hanti-Semitism\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1semm\j\b\ia-tizm \Pnoun\p a dislike or ill-treatment of Jews. \Banti-Semitic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anti-se\CX1mitt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective:\j\b\i \Banti-Semite\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1semm\j\b\iite), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hantiseptic\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1sep\j\b\itik \Padjective\p of or relating to the killing of micro-organisms. \Bantiseptic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance which kills micro-organisms.
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\Hantiserum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-seer'm \Pnoun\p a serum containing antibodies.
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\Hantisocial\h
\Isay\j\b\i anti-\CX1so\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p withdrawn from or actively hostile to others or social institutions.
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\Hantithesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\CX1tith\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p the direct opposite of something: 'certainty is the \Iantithesis\j\b\i of doubt'. \Bantithetical\j\b\i, \Bantithetic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hantitoxin\h
\Pnoun\p an antibody produced by the body in order to counteract a poison. \Bantitoxic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hantivenene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-veneen \Pnoun\p See \Jantivenom\j\b\i.
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\Hantivenom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\iti-venom \Pnoun\p a serum containing the antibodies which will counteract poison or venom.
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\Hantler\h
\Pnoun\p either of the bony growths on the skull of deer, covered by soft, velvety skin during growth and shed and renewed annually. Compare \Jhorn\j\b\i.
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\Hantonym\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1an\j\b\ita-nim \Pnoun\p a word with the opposite meaning to another: 'good is an \Iantonym\j\b\i of bad'. Compare \Jsynonym\j\b\i.
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\Hantrum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bantra\j\b\i
either of two large sinuses within the bones of the upper jaw. Greek \Iantron\j\b\i a cave
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\Hanus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-nus \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the ring of muscle at the lower end of the alimentary canal, connecting the rectum to the exterior, through which solid waste matter is excreted. \Banal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\in'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hanvil\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy iron block, often with a horn-like projection on one end, on which metals are hammered into shape.
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\Hanxiety\h
\Isay\j\b\i ang-\CX1zie\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p a state of worry or apprehension: 'his \Ianxiety\j\b\i about public speaking is hard to understand'.
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\Hanxious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ang\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i suffering from or causing anxiety: a) 'I can't help being \Ianxious\j\b\i about the examination'; b) 'mum's illness was an \Ianxious\j\b\i time for all of us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i eager: 'she was \Ianxious\j\b\i to be finished'. \Banxiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hany\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i one or some: 'do you have \Iany\j\b\i friends?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a great or unlimited amount: '\Iany\j\b\i number of things could still go wrong'.
\Bany\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
any person: 'do \Iany\j\b\i of you know him?'.
\Bany\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
at all: 'are you feeling \Iany\j\b\i better?'.
\Banybody\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
any person: 'didn't \Ianybody\j\b\i help you?'.
\Banyhow\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in any case: '\Ianyhow\j\b\i, the contract was already signed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in a careless manner: 'the table was put together \Ianyhow\j\b\i'.
\Banyone\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
anybody.
\Banything\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
any thing whatever: 'did \Ianything\j\b\i strange happen last night?'.
\Banyway\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
however or in any case: '\Ianyway\j\b\i, I'll see you tomorrow'.
\Banywhere\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in, at or to any place: 'we can't find it \Ianywhere\j\b\i'.
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\HAnzac\h
\Pnoun\p a soldier from Australia or New Zealand in World War 1.
\BAnzac Day\j\b\i is an annual public holiday in Australia and New Zealand celebrated on or about April 25th, in memory of the landing of the Anzacs at Gallipoli in 1915. from A(\Iustralian\j\b\i) \Iand\j\b\i N(\Iew\j\b\i) Z(\Iealand\j\b\i) A(\Irmy\j\b\i) C(\Iorps\j\b\i)
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\Haorta\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1or\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the largest artery in the body, arching out of the heart and down through the diaphragm into the abdomen. \Baortic\j\b\i, \Baortal\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hap-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Hapace\h
\Padverb\p quickly or rapidly.
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\Hapart\h
\Padverb\p separated or at a distance: a) 'let's take the engine \Iapart\j\b\i'; b) 'joking \Iapart\j\b\i, what did you think of my speech?'. \Bapart\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, separate or independent.
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\Hapartment\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a single room. b) a suite of furnished rooms.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a flat.
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\Hapathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p a lack of interest or energy: 'the appeal for funds met with general \Iapathy\j\b\i'. \Bapathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bapathetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iapatheia\j\b\i insensibility
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\Hapatite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-tite \Pnoun\p a calcium phosphate mineral containing some fluorine and water, present in the enamel of teeth and used in making superphosphate.
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\Hape\h
\Pnoun\p any of the tail-less primates closest to humans in evolutionary development, such as the chimpanzee, gibbon, gorilla and orang-outang. Compare \Jmonkey\j\b\i.
\Bape\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to imitate or mimic: 'children frequently \Iape\j\b\i their teachers'.
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\Haperient\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1peer\j\b\ii-ent \Padjective\p of or relating to a substance acting as a mild laxative. \Baperient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HapΘritif\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-perri-\CX1teef\j\b\i \Pnoun\p aperitif also called an \Baperative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1perr\j\b\ii-tiv)
an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite.
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\Haperture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a gap or opening.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i the size of the adjustable diaphragm in a camera.
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\Hapex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-peks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bapexes\j\b\i or \Bapices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ipa-seez)
the highest point or summit: 'the \Iapex\j\b\i of a triangle is opposite its base'. Latin, point or summit
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\Haphasia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1faze\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p the inability to use language, caused by lesions in the brain. \Baphasiac\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person suffering from aphasia; \Baphasic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Ba-\j\b\i + Greek \Iphasis\j\b\i speech
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\Haphelion\h
\Isay\j\b\i af\CX1feel\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the point in the orbit of a planet or comet when it is furthest from the sun. Compare \Jperihelion\j\b\i.
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\Haphid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ifid \Pnoun\p aphis any of a group of small insects which suck plant juices.
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\Haphonia\h
\Isay\j\b\i af\CX1fone\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p a loss of voice, arising from physical or psychological causes.
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\Haphorism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1af\j\b\ifa-rizm \Pnoun\p a short, pithy saying which expresses a truth, such as a proverb. Greek \Iaphorismos\j\b\i a definition
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\Haphrodisiac\h
\Isay\j\b\i afra-\CX1dizz\j\b\ii-ak \Pnoun\p any food, drink or drug arousing sexual desire.
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\HAphrodite\h
\Isay\j\b\i afra-\CX1die\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the goddess of beauty, fertility and sexual love, identified with the Roman goddess Venus.
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\Hapiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ape\j\b\i-y'ree \Pnoun\p an area, usually containing beehives, in which bees are kept. \Bapiarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to the breeding and care of bees; \Bapiarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who keeps bees. Latin \Iapis\j\b\i a bee
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\Hapical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of, at or forming the apex.
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\Hapices\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Japex\j\b\i.
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\Hapiculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\ipi-kulcher \Pnoun\p the breeding and care of bees.
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\Hapiece\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1peece\j\b\i \Padverb\p each, or for each one: 'the chairs at the sale were $100 \Iapiece\j\b\i'.
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\Hapish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-pish \Padjective\p imitative, especially in a silly manner. \Bapishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haplomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1plom\j\b\i \Pnoun\p poise or self-possession.
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\Hapocalypse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pokk\j\b\ia-lips \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any revelation or remarkable disclosure.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the revelation described in the Bible in the Book of Revelation.
\CX13.\j\b\i a universal cataclysm. \Bapocalyptic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-pokka-\CX1lip\j\b\itik), \Bapocalyptical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bapocalyptically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bapocalypse\j\b\i is now often used to describe an event of tremendous importance, frequently an event of catastrophic or disastrous importance. It can also mean a disclosure or revelation, usually unexpected or surprising. The connection between these meanings is that the revelations referred to were originally of the kind made by the prophets who foretold important events, including disasters.
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\Hapocrypha\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pok\j\b\iri-fa plural \Pnoun\p any writings or works considered not to be genuine or authentic. \Bapocryphal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, doubtful or false. Greek \Iapokryphos\j\b\i hidden
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\Hapogee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the point in the orbit of the moon, a planet or an artificial satellite when it is furthest from the earth. Compare \Jperigee\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the highest point or climax. Greek \Iapogaion\j\b\i from the earth
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\HApollo\h
\Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the god of youth, light, archery, healing, prophecy and music.
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\Hapology\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1poll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p an expression of regret for some wrong or injury: a) 'please accept my \Iapologies\j\b\i for being so late'; b) 'I expect an \Iapology\j\b\i from that rude child'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do you call that \Iapology\j\b\i for a horse a thoroughbred?' (= poor substitute). \Bapologise\j\b\i, \Bapologize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bapologetic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bapologetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bapologia\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1lo\j\b\i-ja), \Inoun\j\b\i, a formal justification or defence.
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\Hapoplexy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-pleksi \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a sudden loss of a bodily function, such as speech, due to a brain haemorrhage.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fit of rage: 'merely mentioning the subject gives him \Iapoplexy\j\b\i'. \Bapoplectic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bapoplectically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hapostasy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pos\j\b\ita-see \Pnoun\p the desertion of a religious faith, political principle, cause, etc. \Bapostate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Ha posteriori\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay posterri-\CX1aw\j\b\i-rye based on experience and observation rather than theory; by induction. Compare \Ja priori\j\b\i.
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\Hapostle\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1poss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of the early Christian disciples, missionaries and teachers. b) the founder of the Christian faith in any region or country.
\CX12.\j\b\i any reformer, pioneer or leader of a cause: 'he was respected as an \Iapostle\j\b\i of freedom'.
\CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i of or relating to an apostle or apostles.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i of or relating to the Pope, as successor to St Peter. Greek \Iapostolos\j\b\i one sent forth
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\Hapostrophe (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pos\j\b\itra-fee \Pnoun\p a punctuation mark ('), used to indicate the following:
(the possessive case) 'that is \IJohn's\j\b\i book'.
(the omission of letters or numbers) a) '\II'll\j\b\i tell him'; b) 'in the \I'20s\j\b\i'.
(the formation of certain plurals) 'three \I9's\j\b\i are 27'. Greek \Iapo\j\b\i- away + \Istrephein\j\b\i to turn
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\Hapostrophe (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pos\j\b\itra-fee \Pnoun\p a passage in a speech or discourse addressing an absent person as if that person were present.
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\Hapothecaries' weight\h
a system of units of mass for drugs. The units are grain, scruple, drachm, ounce and pound.
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\Hapothecary\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1poth\j\b\ia-ka-ree \Pnoun\p an old word for a chemist or pharmacist.
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\Hapotheosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-pothi-\CX1o\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bapotheoses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of raising a person to the status of a god or saint.
\CX12.\j\b\i the essence or perfect example of something: 'she thinks table manners are the \Iapotheosis\j\b\i of good breeding'. \Bapotheosise\j\b\i, \Bapotheosize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iapo\j\b\i from + \Itheos\j\b\i a god
to shock or fill with horror: 'I was \Iappalled\j\b\i at the news of her death'. Old French \Iapallir\j\b\i to make or become pale
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\Happaratus\h
\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1rah\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bapparatus\j\b\i or \Bapparatuses\j\b\i
a set of instruments, machinery or appliances for a particular task.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iapparatus\j\b\i of government is both costly and unwieldy' (= organisation, administration).
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\Happarel\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1parr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any clothing or dress.
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\Happarent\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1parr\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p a) clearly seen or understood: 'it is quite \Iapparent\j\b\i that you don't want to come'. b) seeming: 'her confidence is \Iapparent\j\b\i rather than real'. \Bapparently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Happarent horizon\h
See \Jhorizon\j\b\i.
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\Happarition\h
\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1rish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a sudden or frightening vision, especially of a ghost.
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\Happeal\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1peel\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to call upon or make an earnest or desperate plea: 'he \Iappealed\j\b\i for understanding'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to offer interest or attraction: 'does that book \Iappeal\j\b\i to you?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to apply for a case to be heard again by a higher court. \Bappeal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happear\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1peer\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to become clear or visible: 'the sun \Iappeared\j\b\i at last'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to look like: 'try not to \Iappear\j\b\i frightened'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to come or perform before the public: 'the orchestra has \Iappeared\j\b\i in several countries'.
\Bappearance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of appearing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any outward signs or indications: 'you shouldn't judge by \Iappearances\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep up appearances\j\b\i, to maintain an acceptable outward show.
\Bto all appearances\j\b\i, 'he was \Ito all appearances\j\b\i a wealthy man' (= as far as could be seen).
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\Happease\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1peez\j\b\i \Pverb\p to quiet or calm, especially to placate someone who is hostile: 'the employers tried to \Iappease\j\b\i the workers by offering a bonus'. \Bappeasement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happellation\h
\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a name or title: 'the official \Iappellation\j\b\i is Your Excellency'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of naming.
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\Happend\h
\Pverb\p to add, join or attach: 'I hereby \Iappend\j\b\i my signature'.
\Bappendage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a subordinate or subsidiary part: a) 'only a biologist would refer to an arm as an \Iappendage\j\b\i'; b) 'he regarded his secretary as a mere \Iappendage\j\b\i'.
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\Happendicectomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-pendi-\CX1sek\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p also called an \Bappendectomy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i appen-\CX1dek\j\b\ita-mee) an operation to remove the appendix.
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\Happendicitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-pendi-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the appendix causing severe abdominal pain, which may require the removal of the appendix.
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\Happendix\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pen\j\b\idiks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bappendices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pen\j\b\idi-seez) or \Bappendixes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any material added at the end of a book, such as lists, tables, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small tube which is closed at one end and opens into the caecum. Latin, something added on
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\Happertain\h
\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1tane\j\b\i \Pverb\p to pertain, belong or relate to: 'the facts \Iappertaining\j\b\i to his dismissal were not mentioned'.
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\Happetiser\h
\Pnoun\p appetizer any food or drink served before a meal to stimulate the appetite.
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\Happetising\h
\Padjective\p stimulating or appealing to the appetite: 'an \Iappetising\j\b\i smell from the kitchen'.
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\Happetite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-tite \Pnoun\p a desire or craving, especially for food.
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\Happlaud\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1plawd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to express approval or praise, especially by clapping. \Bapplause\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happle\h
\Pnoun\p a round fruit with crisp, firm flesh and a green, yellow or red skin.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthe apple of one's eye\j\b\i, 'John's youngest daughter is \Ithe apple of his eye\j\b\i' (= specially loved by him).
\Bupset the applecart\j\b\i, 'be careful not to \Iupset the applecart\j\b\i' (= spoil the plans).
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\Happlejack\h
\Pnoun\p a brandy made from cider.
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\Happliance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ply\j\b\i-ance \Pnoun\p a device designed for a special use, especially a domestic device such as an iron.
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\Happlicable\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1plikk\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p suitable or relevant: 'normal standards are not \Iapplicable\j\b\i in this area of famine'. \Bapplicability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happlicant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ap\j\b\ili-k'nt \Pnoun\p a candidate or person who applies: '\Iapplicants\j\b\i for the position must supply references'.
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\Happlication\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a request: a) 'further information will be supplied on \Iapplication\j\b\i to the organisers'; b) 'we regret to inform you that your \Iapplication\j\b\i has been unsuccessful'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the use or relevance of something for a particular purpose: a) 'past grievances have no \Iapplication\j\b\i now'; b) 'b) 'strong, light metals will have many future building \Iapplications\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a thing applied, especially a preparation: 'this \Iapplication\j\b\i will soothe your sunburn'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act of applying: 'an \Iapplication\j\b\i of this cream will soothe your sunburn'.
\CX15.\j\b\i any sustained effort or concentration: 'she shows great \Iapplication\j\b\i in science subjects'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a program, such as a word processor or a spreadsheet, which is designed to help users carry out a specific kind of task.
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\Happlicator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1a\j\b\ipli-kayta \Pnoun\p an instrument for applying something, such as a brush used to apply make-up.
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\HappliquΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ap\j\b\i-lee-kay \Pnoun\p any pieces of material, etc. applied to a surface as ornamentation. French, put on
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\Happly\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ply\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put on or into use: a) '\Iapply\j\b\i the glue sparingly'; b) 'I solved it by \Iapplying\j\b\i common sense'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to request or ask to be given: '20 people have \Iapplied\j\b\i for the job'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to have reference to: 'the pay rise \Iapplies\j\b\i to all employees'.
\Bto apply oneself\j\b\i, 'he \Iapplied himself\j\b\i to the task with gusto (= devoted himself).
\Bapplied\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
put into or designed for practical use: '\Iapplied\j\b\i maths'. Compare \Jpure\j\b\i.
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\Happoint\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to select for a post.
\CX12.\j\b\i to equip: 'a \Iwell-appointed\j\b\i study'.
\Bappointment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an arrangement to meet or visit: 'I have an \Iappointment\j\b\i with the dentist at 2.30 p.m.'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an office or position to which a person is appointed: 'his new \Iappointment\j\b\i is with the Department of Trade and Industry'. \Bappointee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is appointed.
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\Happortion\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1por\j\b\i-sh'n \Pverb\p to divide or distribute. \Bapportionment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happosite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1app\j\b\ia-zit \Padjective\p particularly relevant or pertinent. \Bappositely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bappositeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iappositus\j\b\i appropriate
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\Happosition\h
\Isay\j\b\i appa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act of adding to or placing together. \Bappose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Happraise\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1praze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to estimate the value, quality or price of something. \Bappraisal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happreciate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pree\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to value something highly: 'I \Iappreciate\j\b\i your help more than I can say'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to understand: 'we \Iappreciate\j\b\i your reluctance to supply names'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to rise in value: 'this property has \Iappreciated\j\b\i greatly in the past year'. Compare \Jdepreciate\j\b\i. \Bappreciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bappreciative\j\b\i, \Bappreciatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bappreciable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) noticeable, b) fairly large.
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\Happrehend\h
\Isay\j\b\i ap-ree-\CX1hend\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to arrest or seize a person: 'he was \Iapprehended\j\b\i a week after the robbery'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to grasp the meaning of something: 'she was quick to \Iapprehend\j\b\i my statement'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to anticipate with fear or anxiety: 'I \Iapprehend\j\b\i bloodshed before this day is out'. \Bapprehension\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iapprehendere\j\b\i to seize
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\Happrehensive\h
\Isay\j\b\i ap-ree-\CX1hen\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p fearful about something which may happen. \Bapprehensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bapprehensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happrentice\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pren\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p a) a person who undertakes to work in a trade for a specified period, in return for instruction. b) any learner or beginner. \Bapprenticeship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bapprentice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Happrise\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1prize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to inform: 'he \Iapprised\j\b\i me of the fact that legal action would be taken'.
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\Happroach\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move nearer or draw near: a) '\Iapproach\j\b\i the house cautiously'; b) 'as dawn \Iapproached\j\b\i we made ready to leave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a request: 'you should \Iapproach\j\b\i your local Member of Parliament about this problem'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any way or means of access: a) 'the \Iapproach\j\b\i to the camp site was densely overgrown'; b) 'a practical \Iapproach\j\b\i is usually best'. \Bapproachable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bapproachability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Happrobation\h
\Isay\j\b\i apro-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p formal approval: 'the scheme had the \Iapprobation\j\b\i of the headmaster'.
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\Happropriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1pro\j\b\i-pree-it \Padjective\p suitable or fitting: 'an \Iappropriate\j\b\i dress for the occasion'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to set aside for a special purpose: 'funds for the new project have already been \Iappropriated\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take, especially without permission: 'his book, far from being original, merely \Iappropriates\j\b\i my ideas'. \Bappropriately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bappropriateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bappropriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of appropriating, b) something which has been appropriated. Latin \Iappropriatus\j\b\i made one's own
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\Happroval\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1proo\j\b\i-v'l \Pnoun\p a) any agreement or confirmation. b) the act of approving.
\Bon approval\j\b\i, 'she took the chair home \Ion approval\j\b\i before deciding to buy it' (= without obligation to buy).
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\Happrove\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1proov\j\b\i \Pverb\p to agree to or consider as worthy, correct, etc.: a) 'I do not \Iapprove\j\b\i of such behaviour'; b) 'the committee has officially \Iapproved\j\b\i the minutes'.
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\Happroximate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1prok\j\b\isi-mit \Padjective\p nearly correct or accurate: 'just tell me the \Iapproximate\j\b\i price'.
to approach or be nearly equal to. \Bapproximation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bapproximately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Happurtenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1per\j\b\itin-ance \Pnoun\p something attached or belonging to another, more important, thing.
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\Hapres-ski\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1a\j\b\i-pray-skee \Pnoun\p aprΦs-ski any activities such as dining, dancing or drinking which people take part in after snow skiing. \Bapres-ski\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hapricot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-prikkot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, round fruit with orange flesh and a hard stone.
\CX12.\j\b\i a yellowish-orange colour. \Bapricot\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HApril\h
\Pnoun\p the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
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\Ha priori\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay pry-\CX1aw\j\b\i-rye not based on fact, observation or study; deduced or presumed. Compare \Ja posteriori\j\b\i. Latin, from something prior
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\Hapron\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loose piece of clothing worn over clothes to protect them, usually tied at the back.
\CX12.\j\b\i a paved area, especially on an airfield.
\Btied to the apron-strings\j\b\i, emotionally dependent.
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\Hapropos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ap\j\b\ira-po \Padverb\p to the purpose: 'that's hardly \Iapropos\j\b\i to this discussion'.
\Bapropos of\j\b\i, '\Iapropos of\j\b\i your first question, did you say affect or effect?' (= with reference to). \Bapropos\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hapse\h
\Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a recess in a church, usually vaulted and semicircular.
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\Hapt\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relevant or appropriate: 'I think his criticism of the novel is very \Iapt\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a tendency to: 'he is \Iapt\j\b\i to talk too much'.
\CX13.\j\b\i intelligent or quick to learn: 'an \Iapt\j\b\i student in all subjects'. \Baptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baptness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hapteryx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1apt\j\b\ier-riks \Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i a species of flightless bird, e.g. the kiwi.
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\Haptitude\h
\Pnoun\p a natural ability or skill: 'he has a great \Iaptitude\j\b\i for maths'.
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\Haqua\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa \Pnoun\p \IColour:\j\b\i See \Jaquamarine\j\b\i. Latin, water
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\Haqualung\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-lung \Pnoun\p also called a \Bscuba\j\b\i
an apparatus of one or more cylinders of compressed air, used by a diver to breathe underwater by means of a tube attached to a mouthpiece.
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\Haquamarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i akwa-ma-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IColour:\j\b\i a light bluish-green colour. Short form is \Baqua\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a translucent, pale blue or green variety of beryl, used as a gem. \Baquamarine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iaqua marina\j\b\i seawater
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\Haquanaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-nawt \Pnoun\p a skin-diver. \Baqua\j\b\i + Latin \Inauta\j\b\i a sailor
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\Haquaplane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-plane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a single, wide board used as a water-ski.
\CX12.\j\b\i a layer of water between the tyres and a wet road which reduces the braking efficiency of a motor vehicle. \Baquaplane\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Haquarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwair\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Baquariums\j\b\i or \Baquaria\j\b\i
a pond, tank or building in which living aquatic animals and plants are kept and displayed.
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\HAquarius\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwair\j\b\ii-us \Pnoun\p also called the \BWater-bearer\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the eleventh sign of the zodiac.
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\Haquatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1kwott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p living or growing in or near water: 'seaweed is an \Iaquatic\j\b\i plant'. Latin \Iaquaticus\j\b\i watery
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\Haquatint\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-tint \Pnoun\p a) an etching process which gives an effect like a watercolour. b) a print made by this process.
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\Haqueduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-dukt \Pnoun\p a constructed channel for carrying water, e.g. on a bridge across a valley.
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\Haqueous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwi-us \Padjective\p relating to or containing water.
\Baqueous humour\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the thin clear fluid which fills the space at the front of the eye between the lens and the cornea. Compare \Jvitreous humour\j\b\i under \Bvitreous\j\b\i.
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\Haquifer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-fer \Pnoun\p a layer of rock which holds or may be permeated by water.
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\Haquiline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\iwa-line \Padjective\p (of a nose) curved or hooked like the beak of an eagle. Latin \Iaquila\j\b\i eagle
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\Har-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad\j\b\i-.
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\HArab\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a people inhabiting parts of North Africa and the Middle East.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a breed of horses, originally from Arabia, noted for their speed and intelligence. \BArab\j\b\i, \BArabic\j\b\i, \BArabian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ray\j\b\ibee-an), \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Harabesque\h
\Isay\j\b\i arra-\CX1besk\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBallet:\j\b\i a position with one leg raised backwards in the air and held straight.
\CX12.\j\b\i an ornamental design of leaves, flowers and geometric figures, used in some Eastern architecture.
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\HArabic numerals\h
also called \BArabic figures\j\b\i
the numerical symbols, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0.
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\Harable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1arr\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p (of land) suitable for cultivation.
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\Harachnid\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rak\j\b\inid \Pnoun\p any of various arthropods, such as spiders, mites, etc., with the body divided into two parts and having four pairs of walking legs. \Barachnoid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \IarachnΘ\j\b\i spider
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\Haraldite\h
\Pnoun\p an epoxy resin prepared to be used as a glue. a trademark
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\HAranda\h
\Isay a\j\b\i-\CX1run\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p also called \BArrernte\j\b\i, \BArunta\j\b\i
an Aboriginal language still widely spoken throughout central Australia.
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\Harbiter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\i-bitta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who leads, decides or establishes: 'French designers are the \Iarbiters\j\b\i of fashion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an arbitrator.
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\Harbitrary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iba-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i based on personal opinion or whim rather than reason, etc.: 'an \Iarbitrary\j\b\i choice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i despotic or tyrannical: 'the \Iarbitrary\j\b\i rule of a dictator'. \Barbitrarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Barbitrariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harbitrate\h
\Pverb\p to judge or decide, especially in order to settle a dispute.
a person appointed to settle disputes. \Barbitration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harboreal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1baw\j\b\iri-ul \Padjective\p of, like or adapted to living in trees: 'a squirrel is an \Iarboreal\j\b\i rodent'.
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\Harbour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p arbor a shady place among trees, especially in a garden. Latin \Iarbor\j\b\i tree
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\Harc\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any part of the circumference of a circle or other curved line.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything shaped like an arc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a continuous electric discharge across a gap, producing an intense light, as in an arc lamp. \Barc\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form an electric arc. Latin \Iarcus\j\b\i a bow or arch
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\Harcade\h
\Pnoun\p a) a series of arches. b) a covered hall or passage, often with shops on one or both sides.
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\Harcadian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1kay\j\b\i-dian \Padjective\p simple, peaceful or innocent. after \IArcadia\j\b\i, a region in ancient Greece considered to be the ideal of rural contentment
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\Harcane\h
\Padjective\p secret or mysterious. Latin \Iarcanus\j\b\i hidden
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\Harch (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a curved, supporting structure over an opening.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape or function of an arch, such as the curved lower part of the human foot. \Barch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to form an arch or curve, b) to supply with an arch.
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\Harch (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i chief or most important: 'an \Iarch\j\b\i enemy'.
\CX12.\j\b\i mischievous or cunning in a playful way: 'he gave her an \Iarch\j\b\i glance'. \Barchly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, slyly or roguishly; \Barchness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harch-\h
a prefix meaning first or chief, as in \Iarchbishop\j\b\i.
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\Harchaeology\h
\Isay\j\b\i arki-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Barcheology\j\b\i
the study of history, especially ancient cultures, by digging up and describing remains, such as buildings, coins, etc. \Barchaeologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Barchaeological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arkia-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Harchaic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1kay\j\b\i-ik \Padjective\p being from long ago and therefore not in modern use: 'alarum is an \Iarchaic\j\b\i word'. \Barchaism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harchangel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ark\j\b\i-ane-j'l \Pnoun\p an angel of the highest rank.
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\Harchbishop\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a bishop of the highest rank.
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a church administrative official next below a bishop.
\Barchdeaconry\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the position of an archdeacon.
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\Harchduke\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i the eldest son of the Emperor of Austria. \Barchducal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arch-\CX1dew\j\b\i-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Barchduchess\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i arch-\CX1dutch\j\b\i-ess), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the eldest daughter of the Emperor of Austria, b) the wife of an archduke.
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\Harcher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who shoots with a bow and arrow, especially for sport. Also called a \Bbowman\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jsagittarius\j\b\i.
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\Harchery\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of shooting with bows and arrows.
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\Harchetype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iki-tipe \Pnoun\p a first, perfect type or form from which copies, usually inferior, may be made. \Barchetypal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Harchipelago\h
\Pnoun\p a) a large group of islands. b) a sea which contains a large group of islands.
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\Harchitecture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iki-tekcher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the art or science of designing buildings, etc. b) a particular style of building: 'Gothic \Iarchitecture\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the design of a computer or its software. \Barchitect\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person trained in architecture, b) a person who plans, designs or constructs; \Barchitectural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Harchitrave\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iki-trave \Pnoun\p a decorative moulding around an opening, such as a doorway.
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\Harchives\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\i-kives plural \Pnoun\p a) any public documents or historical records relating to a particular organisation or country. b) the place where such records are kept. \Barchivist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iki-vist), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Barchiving\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Barchival\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Harchly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jarch\j\b\i (2).
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\Harchway\h
\Pnoun\p a) the passage beneath an arch. b) an arch forming an entrance, etc.
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\Harc lamp\h
a lamp which uses an electric arc as its source of light.
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\Harctic\h
\Padjective\p at or near the North Pole. \Barctic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the arctic regions.
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\HArctic Circle\h
a line drawn on a map showing the most southerly point at which the sun does not set on one day of the year, at about 66░30{\f14684 9\j\b\i North.
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\Hardent\h
\Padjective\p full of ardour or enthusiasm. \Bardently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bardency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hardour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p ardor an eagerness or passion: 'she has a great \Iardour\j\b\i for work'.
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\Harduous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ard\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p requiring great effort or energy. \Barduously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Barduousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hare (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar \Pverb\p a) the second person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i. b) the plural, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hare (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar \Pnoun\p a metric unit of area, equal to 100 m{\up6 2\j\b\i.
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\Harea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\ii-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the surface measurement: 'what is the \Iarea\j\b\i of the paddock?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular extent or piece of land: 'this is a rural \Iarea\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the scope of an activity, operation or concept: 'his skills cover a wide \Iarea\j\b\i of human accomplishments'.
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\Harea code\h
the series of numbers dialled before the usual telephone number when calling STD.
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\Harena\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ree\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a field or space set aside for sports, contests, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any area of activity, conflict, etc.: 'he entered the \Iarena\j\b\i of politics'. \Barena\j\b\i is associated with competition. In its literal sense it refers to an enclosure for sports contests. In its figurative sense it tends to deal with areas involving some dispute, such as 'the political arena'. This association between competition and contest goes back to ancient Rome when gladiators fought each other in amphitheatres. The centre of the amphitheatre where the gladiators fought was covered in sand to soak up the blood shed in the fight. \IArena\j\b\i is the Latin for 'sand' and the contest area came to be called \Iarena\j\b\i as well. Later it came to mean the whole enclosure.
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\Hareola\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a-la \Pnoun\p plural is \Bareolae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a-lee) or \Bareolas\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a darkened circle around a centre, such as around the human nipple.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small area.
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\HarÉte\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a sharp mountain ridge. French, a fish-bone or ridge
\Pnoun\p element number 18, a colourless, odourless, inert gas found in the earth's atmosphere and used in electric light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, etc. Greek \Iargos\j\b\i idle
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\Hargosy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iga-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a large merchant ship. b) a fleet of such ships.
\CX12.\j\b\i (in poetry) an epic journey.
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\Hargot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\igo \Pnoun\p the particular language or vocabulary of a group, especially of thieves, vagabonds, etc.
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\Harguable\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1gew\j\b\ia-b'l \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\igewa-b'l \Padjective\p a) capable of being maintained or asserted. b) open to dispute or argument. \Barguably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to give reasons for or against something: 'they \Iargued\j\b\i about the method they should use'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to exchange angry words: 'they \Iargued\j\b\i about the money'.
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\Hargument\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\igew-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of arguing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a series of reasons given to explain or prove.
\CX13.\j\b\i a theme or subject: 'the introduction sets out the book's \Iargument\j\b\i'. \Bargumentative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i argew-\CX1men\j\b\ita-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, fond of arguing; \Bargumentatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haria\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ii-a \Pnoun\p an opera song for one person.
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\Harid\h
\Padjective\p very dry: 'the \Iarid\j\b\i Sahara desert'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what an \Iarid\j\b\i and unrewarding task!' (= dull, uninteresting). \Baridity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ridd\j\b\ii-tee), \Baridness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\HAries\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-eez \Pnoun\p also called the \BRam\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the first sign of the zodiac. Latin, ram
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\Haright\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning properly or correctly.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who has the tastes, manners, etc. considered characteristic of the aristocracy. \Baristocratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arrista-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Baristocratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iaristos\j\b\i best + \Ikratia\j\b\i rule
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\Harithmetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rith\j\b\ima-tik \Pnoun\p the branch of maths which studies numbers and their combination, using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. \Barithmetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arrith-\CX1mett\j\b\iik), \Barithmetical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Barithmetician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arrith-ma-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harithmetic mean\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the average. Compare \Jgeometric mean\j\b\i.
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\Harithmetic progression\h
arithmetical progression \IMaths:\j\b\i a sequence of numbers which increases or decreases by a constant quantity, as in the series 6, 8, 10, 12. Compare \Jgeometric progression\j\b\i.
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\Hark\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the boat built by Noah in order to survive the Biblical Flood. Latin \Iarca\j\b\i cupboard
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\Harm (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) the part of the body between the elbow and the shoulder. b) the entire limb from the wrist to the shoulder.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering the arm.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of an arm: 'the \Iarm\j\b\i of a chair'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an \Iarm\j\b\i of the sea flows inland' (= branch, division).
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\Harm (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any weapons.
\Barm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to equip with weapons.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Iarm\j\b\i yourself against boredom' (= prepare, equip).
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\Harmada\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1mah\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p a large fleet of warships. Spanish \Iarmata\j\b\i navy
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\Harmadillo\h
\Isay\j\b\i arma-\CX1dill\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a burrowing, South American mammal, which is covered with bony plates like armour.
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\Harmament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ima-m'nt \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the weapons with which a military unit, vehicle, etc. is equipped.
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\Harmature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ima-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a) a piece of metal connecting the poles of a magnet. b) the movable part of a dynamo or electric motor, consisting essentially of coils of wire wound around an iron core.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISculpture:\j\b\i a framework used as a support for wet clay.
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\Harmchair\h
\Pnoun\p a comfortable chair with supports for the arms.
\Barmchair\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
lacking direct or active involvement: 'an \Iarmchair\j\b\i critic'.
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\Harmistice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\imi-stis \Pnoun\p a temporary peace agreement between countries.
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\Harmlet\h
\Pnoun\p a band worn around the upper part of the arm.
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\Harmorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1maw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p of or relating to heraldry.
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\Harmorial bearings\h
the individual symbols and designs on a coat of arms.
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\Harmour\h
\Pnoun\p armor \CX11.\j\b\i any protective covering, such as chain mail for the body, steel plating on battleships, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which protects or keeps something safe. \Barmour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fit with armour; \Barmourer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or sells armour or weapons.
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\Harmour-plate\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet of hardened steel used on vehicles and ships for protection.
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\Harmoury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ima-ree \Pnoun\p armory a place where weapons and military equipment are stored.
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\Harmpit\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the hollow beneath the shoulder, where the arm joins the trunk.
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\Harms\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jarm (2)\j\b\i.
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\Harmy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an organised group trained and equipped to fight on land.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large, organised group: 'we need an \Iarmy\j\b\i of cleaners'.
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\Haroma\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ro\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet or pleasant smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i a characteristic quality: 'he has an \Iaroma\j\b\i of wealth'. \Baromatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arra-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a sweet or pleasant smell.
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\Haromatic compound\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a major class of organic compounds with a benzene ring forming part of the molecule.
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\Harose\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Barise\j\b\i.
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\Haround\h
\Padverb\p, preposition \CX11.\j\b\i on all sides of: 'there were people all \Iaround\j\b\i us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i from one place to another of: 'we walked \Iaround\j\b\i the city'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I'll meet you \Iaround\j\b\i one o'clock' (= at approximately).
b) 'we had to stay \Iaround\j\b\i the camp site' (= near).
\Bcome around\j\b\i, 'after much discussion he finally \Icame around\j\b\i to the idea' (= accepted, was persuaded).
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\Harouse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rowze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to wake or stir up: 'his behaviour \Iaroused\j\b\i her suspicions'. \Barousal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harpeggio\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1pej\j\b\iio \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the playing of the notes of a chord in quick succession instead of simultaneously.
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\Harraign\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rane\j\b\i \Pverb\p to accuse or put on trial. \Barraignment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harrange\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to set in a certain or proper order: '\Iarrange\j\b\i those chairs around the table'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'who will \Iarrange\j\b\i the details of the trip?' (= prepare, organise).
b) 'he \Iarranged\j\b\i this composition for an orchestra' (= adapted).
\CX12.\j\b\i to agree or settle: 'we \Iarranged\j\b\i to meet later'.
\Barrangement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of arranging.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has been arranged: a) 'a flower \Iarrangement\j\b\i'; b) 'party \Iarrangements\j\b\i'.
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\Harrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1arr\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p complete or thorough: 'that man is an \Iarrant\j\b\i liar'.
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\Harras\h
\Pnoun\p a tapestry, often used as a wall-hanging.
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\Harray\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ray\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to place in order or position: 'the tribes \Iarrayed\j\b\i themselves against the army'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to clothe or adorn: 'the bride was \Iarrayed\j\b\i in white'. \Barray\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harrears\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1reerz\j\b\i plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which still remains to be paid, fulfilled, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being behind with something which is owing or due: 'our rent is three months in \Iarrears\j\b\i'.
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\Harrest\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rest\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stop or catch: 'her words \Iarrested\j\b\i our attention'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take a person into legal charge or keeping. \Barrest\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harrive\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rive\j\b\i \Pverb\p to reach or be reached: a) 'the hour of reckoning \Iarrived\j\b\i'; b) 'at last we \Iarrived\j\b\i at a decision'. \Barrival\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of arriving or reaching, b) something which has arrived.
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\Harrogant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1arr\j\b\ia-g'nt \Padjective\p overbearingly proud: 'his \Iarrogant\j\b\i manner made him unpopular'. \Barrogantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Barrogance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harrogate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1arr\j\b\ia-gate \Pverb\p to assume or claim without right: 'he \Iarrogated\j\b\i to himself the position of leader'. Latin \Iarrogare\j\b\i to claim by right
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\Harrow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, slender shaft with a point at one end and often feathers at the other, shot from a bow as a missile.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape of an arrow, especially a sign used to indicate direction.
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\Harrowroot\h
\Pnoun\p a starch derived from the roots of an American plant, used in cooking.
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\Harsenal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\isa-n'l \Pnoun\p a place where weapons and ammunition are manufactured or stored.
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\Harsenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ise-nik \Pnoun\p element number 33, a brittle, highly poisonous metal whose compounds are used in insecticides and weedkillers.
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\Harson\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the act of deliberately burning or setting fire to something, especially a building. \Barsonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hart (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any objects or activities in which feelings and ideas about life are expressed through some imaginative form.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular skill or technique: 'the \Iart\j\b\i of diplomacy'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) See \Jhumanity\j\b\i.
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\Hart (2)\h
\Pverb\p the old form of the second person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hartefact\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ita-fakt \Pnoun\p artifact an object made by humans, such as a tool or work of art.
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\Harteriole\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1teer\j\b\ii-ole \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small artery.
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\Harteriosclerosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-teerio-skla-\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a disease of the arteries causing a reduced flow of blood due to a thickening of vessel walls.
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\Hartery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1art\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the thick-walled tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. Compare \Jvein\j\b\i and \Bcapillary\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a major road or similar part in a system of communication or transport. \Barterial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1teer\j\b\i-ial), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hartesian well\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1tee\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n well also called an \Bartesian bore\j\b\i
a well in which water rises, under pressure, above the level of the water-bearing rock to the earth's surface.
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\Hartful\h
\Padjective\p sly or crafty. \Bartfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bartfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Harthritis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1thry\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the joints causing pain and difficulty in movement. \Barthritic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1thritt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iarthron\j\b\i joint + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Harthropod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\ithra-pod \Pnoun\p any of a large group of segmented invertebrate animals, such as insects, spiders, etc., with jointed legs and sometimes a hard, external skeleton. Greek \Iarthron\j\b\i joint + \Ipodos\j\b\i of a foot
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\Harthroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\i-thro-skope \Pnoun\p a surgical instrument which can be inserted between bones to allow examination. \Barthroscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arthro-\CX1sko\j\b\ipic), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Barthroscopy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hartichoke\h
\Pnoun\p either of two species of plants used as vegetables.
a \Bglobe artichoke\j\b\i is a thistle-like plant with an edible flower head consisting of many small, fleshy, tightly folded leaves.
a \BJerusalem artichoke\j\b\i is a type of sunflower with edible underground stems.
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\Harticle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an individual thing or object: 'they stole several valuable \Iarticles\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i any of three words (\Ia\j\b\i, \Ian\j\b\i or \Ithe\j\b\i) used before a \Pnoun\p.
the \Bdefinite article\j\b\i (\Ithe\j\b\i) indicates a particular person or thing: '\Ithe\j\b\i boy was happy'.
the \Bindefinite article\j\b\i (\Ia, an\j\b\i) does not specify which particular thing: 'I would like \Ia\j\b\i new car'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a piece of writing which gives information or an opinion and forms part of a magazine, newspaper, etc.: 'an \Iarticle\j\b\i on gardening'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) a section of a document. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) a document, especially a contract: 'the \Iarticles\j\b\i of apprenticeship'. \Barticle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put down in or bind by articles. \Ba, an\j\b\i. Generally, \Ian\j\b\i is used before a word beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o or u): '\Ian\j\b\i eagle', '\Ian\j\b\i interesting book'; whereas \Ia\j\b\i is used before a word beginning with a consonant (any letter that is not a vowel): '\Ia\j\b\i book', '\Ia\j\b\i practical joke'. Exceptions to these rules are: a) \Ian\j\b\i can appear before words beginning with soft or vowel-like sounds: '\Ian\j\b\i hour', '\Ian\j\b\i honest person'; and b) \Ia\j\b\i can appear before words beginning with hard or consonant-like sounds: '\Ia\j\b\i used car', '\Ia\j\b\i one-time friend'.
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\Harticled clerk\h
a person training in a solicitor's office.
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\Harticulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoo-lit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i clear in one's speech or expression.
\CX12.\j\b\i to unite by a joint or joints. \Barticulateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being articulate; \Barticulately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Barticulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of articulating. Latin \Iarticulare\j\b\i to divide into joints
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\Harticulated vehicle\h
a jointed vehicle, such as a semi-trailer.
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\Hartifact\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jartefact\j\b\i.
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\Hartifice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iti-fis \Pnoun\p a) a clever trick or device. b) any skilful trickery. Latin \Iarte\j\b\i by skill + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
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\Hartificial\h
\Isay\j\b\i arti-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p made by humans, as distinct from naturally occurring: 'they only sell \Iartificial\j\b\i flowers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Iartificial\j\b\i smile did not fool any of us' (= false, affected). \Bartificially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bartificiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i arti-fishi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hartificial insemination\h
short form is \BAI\j\b\i
the placing of sperm in a female to make her pregnant without direct sexual contact.
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\Hartificial intelligence\h
a branch of computer science which focuses on the development of hardware and software so that they solve problems in a human-like manner.
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\Hartillery\h
\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1till\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) any large-calibre guns, such as cannons, howitzers, etc. b) the branch of an army which uses such guns. \Bartillery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hartisan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ar\j\b\iti-zan \Pnoun\p a trained or skilled manual worker.
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\Hartist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a painter, sculptor or other person who creates works of art.
\CX12.\j\b\i an entertainer, especially a singer or dancer. Also called an \Bartiste\j\b\i. \Bartistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ar-\CX1tist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of art or artists; \Bartistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hartistry\h
\Pnoun\p the degree of skill in practising an art.
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\Hartless\h
\Padjective\p free from deceit or cunning. \Bartlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bartlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hart nouveau\h
a decorative art style used from about 1890 to 1910.
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\Hartwork\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i any material prepared for reproduction in a publication.
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\Haryl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1arr\j\b\iil \Padjective\p (of a radical) derived from an aromatic compound, such as phenyl (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\i-{\shad \j\b\i).
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\Has\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to the amount or degree that: 'hard \Ias\j\b\i he tries, he never wins'.
\CX12.\j\b\i for example: 'cities such \Ias\j\b\i London and Sydney'.
\Bas\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i when or while: '\Ias\j\b\i we approached, the door opened'.
\CX12.\j\b\i because: 'as he was late, we could not start'.
\CX13.\j\b\i like or in the manner of: 'quick \Ias\j\b\i lightning'.
\Bas\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
in the function or position of: 'let this serve \Ias\j\b\i a warning'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas for, as to\j\b\i, '\Ias for\j\b\i his work, nothing more can be said' (= with regard to).
\Bas it were\j\b\i, in some way.
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\Has-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Hasbestos\h
\Isay\j\b\i azbess-\CX1toe\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a heat-resistant, fibrous mineral containing complex silicates of calcium and magnesium and used to make fireproof and heatproof articles, now recognised as a frequent source of lung diseases and cancer.
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\Hasbestosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i asbes-\CX1tos\j\b\i-is \Pnoun\p a disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust.
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\Hascend\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1send\j\b\i \Pverb\p to rise or climb: 'he carefully \Iascended\j\b\i the ladder'. \Bascent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of ascending, b) an upward slope or gradient; \Bascension\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hascendant\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sen\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p ascendent \CX11.\j\b\i a position of influence, control, etc.: 'in the \Iascendant\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i the sign of the zodiac which is above the horizon at the time of a person's birth.
\Bascendant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having influence, power or control: 'prosperity is \Iascendant\j\b\i in our society'.
\CX12.\j\b\i rising: 'an \Iascendant\j\b\i star'. \Bascendance\j\b\i, \Bascendancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a governing or controlling influence.
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\Hascertain\h
\Isay\j\b\i assa-\CX1tane\j\b\i \Pverb\p to find out: 'we must \Iascertain\j\b\i the true facts'. \Bascertainable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bascertainment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hascetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p severely strict and self-denying.
\Bascetic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who practises strict self-denial. \Bascetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Basceticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sett\j\b\ii-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iasketes\j\b\i a hermit do not confuse with \Baesthetic\j\b\i.
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\Hascorbic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1skaw\j\b\ibik assid See \Jvitamin c\j\b\i under \Bvitamin\j\b\i.
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\Hascribe\h
\Pverb\p to attribute: 'that discovery is \Iascribed\j\b\i to a German scientist'. \Bascribable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bascription\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1skrip\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hasdic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1az\j\b\i-dik \Pnoun\p an echo sounder used to detect underwater objects, especially submarines. from \Ba\j\b\i(nti) \Bs\j\b\i(ubmarine) \Bd\j\b\i(etection) \Bi\j\b\i(nvestigation) \Bc\j\b\i(ommittee)
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\H-ase\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a suffix indicating an enzyme, as in \Iamylase\j\b\i.
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\Haseptic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1sep\j\b\itik \Padjective\p free from living germs, etc. \Basepsis\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Baseptically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hasexual\h
\Padjective\p a) having no sex or sexual organs. b) unrelated to sex or sexual processes. \Basexually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Basexuality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hash (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the powdery remains of anything which has been burnt: 'cigarette \Iash\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the fine particles sent up by an erupting volcano.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any ruins or remains especially of a human body after cremation. \Bashy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hash (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of trees with grey bark and hard, tough wood used for timber.
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\Hashamed\h
\Padjective\p feeling shame or guilt.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't be \Iashamed\j\b\i to confess your mistakes' (= unwilling through fear of shame). \Bashamedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hashen\h
\Padjective\p grey or pale: 'his face was \Iashen\j\b\i with fear'.
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\Hashore\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1shore\j\b\i \Padverb\p on or to land: 'they went \Iashore\j\b\i from the boat'.
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\Hashram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ash\j\b\i-ram \Pnoun\p a place where people live together for spiritual development, studying yoga, meditation, etc.
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\Hashtray\h
\Pnoun\p a small dish or bowl for tobacco ash.
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\Hashy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jash (1)\j\b\i.
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\Haside\h
\Padverb\p on or to one side: 'put \Iaside\j\b\i some money for the holiday'.
\Baside\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a word or words spoken so that only certain people will hear.
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\Hasinine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ii-nine \Padjective\p silly or stupid. \Basininity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i assi-\CX1ninn\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Basininely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iasinus\j\b\i ass
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\Hask\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to seek a reply or response from or concerning: a) 'don't \Iask\j\b\i me!'; b) 'may I \Iask\j\b\i how old you are?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we \Iasked\j\b\i them to come tomorrow' (= invited).
b) 'this job will \Iask\j\b\i for all your concentration' (= require).
\CX12.\j\b\i to act in such a way as to bring: 'he is \Iasking\j\b\i for trouble'.
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\Haskance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1skance\j\b\i \Padverb\p with a sideways glance.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'mother looked \Iaskance\j\b\i at our plan' (= with disapproval or mistrust).
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\Haskew\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1skew\j\b\i \Padverb\p crooked or out of position: 'your hat is quite \Iaskew\j\b\i'.
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\Haslant\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1slahnt\j\b\i \Padverb\p, preposition at a slanting angle.
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\Hasleep\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p in or into a state of sleep.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my foot is \Iasleep\j\b\i' (= numb).
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\Hasp\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small poisonous snakes, such as the Egyptian viper.
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\Hasparagus\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sparr\j\b\ia-gus \Pnoun\p the long, edible, soft-tipped shoots of a plant related to the lily.
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\Haspect\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the look or appearance of anything: 'he has a serious \Iaspect\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we must consider all \Iaspects\j\b\i of the matter' (= views, sides).
\CX12.\j\b\i the view or direction to which something faces: 'the front rooms have a northerly \Iaspect\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i the position of a star or group of stars in relation to others, which affects its influence on events. Also called a \Bconfiguration\j\b\i.
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\Hasperity\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sperr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a harshness or severity: 'she spoke with \Iasperity\j\b\i'.
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\Haspersion\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sper\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any unkind or damaging criticism: 'do not cast \Iaspersions\j\b\i on his character'.
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\Hasphalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ash\j\b\i-falt \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\i-falt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a black, sticky substance composed mainly of bitumen and oils mixed with mineral matter.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mixture of bitumen and small stones used for road surfaces, etc. Also called \Btarmac\j\b\i. \Basphalt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hasphyxiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ass-\CX1fik\j\b\isi-ate \Pverb\p to produce difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness or death through a lack of oxygen. \Basphyxia\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the severe condition caused by a lack of oxygen; \Basphyxiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iasphyxia\j\b\i a stopping of the pulse
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\Haspic\h
\Pnoun\p a clear, savoury jelly made of meat, fish or vegetable stock, and often gelatine.
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\Haspidistra\h
\Isay\j\b\i aspi-\CX1dist\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p an evergreen Chinese plant with broad, pointed leaves, usually grown indoors.
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\Haspirate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1asp\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i to remove fluids from the body through a needle and syringe.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i to begin a word or syllable with an \Ih\j\b\i sound, as in \Ihiss\j\b\i or \Ihit\j\b\i. \Baspirate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1asp\j\b\ia-rit), \Inoun\j\b\i, the sound of the letter \Ih\j\b\i.
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\Haspiration\h
\Isay\j\b\i aspa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an eager desire or ambition: 'her greatest \Iaspiration\j\b\i is to become a politician'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of aspirating.
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\Haspire\h
\Pverb\p to seek or desire ambitiously: 'she \Iaspires\j\b\i to a leading role'. \Baspirant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who aspires to or seeks a position. Latin \Iaspirare\j\b\i to pant after
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\Haspirin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\i-prin \Pnoun\p a white crystalline drug, \Bacetylsalicylic acid\j\b\i, used to relieve pain, fever, etc.
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\Hass\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a donkey.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stupid person.
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\Hassail\h
\Pverb\p to attack: 'she was \Iassailed\j\b\i by doubts'.
\Bassailant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an attacker: 'the victim of the attack could not identify her \Iassailant\j\b\i'. \Bassailable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hassassin\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sass\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p a person who murders another, especially for political reasons.
\Bassassinate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to kill deliberately and violently, especially for political reasons.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young artist's reputation was \Iassassinated\j\b\i by the critics' (= maliciously attacked). \Bassassination\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-sassi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. from Arabic, \Ihashshashin\j\b\i, hashish eaters, radical Moslems who took hashish before killing their victims
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\Hassault\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1salt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to attack violently.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to threaten or attempt to injure another person. \Bassault\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of assaulting.
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\Hassay\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1say\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to analyse a mixture, especially to estimate the metal content in ores.
\CX12.\j\b\i to test: 'he \Iassayed\j\b\i his strength'. \Bassay\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\i-ay,) \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hassemblage\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sem\j\b\iblij \Pnoun\p a collection of people or things.
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\Hassemble\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sem\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to meet or gather: 'let's \Iassemble\j\b\i outside the hall'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put together: 'to \Iassemble\j\b\i a model aeroplane'.
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\Hassembly\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sem\j\b\i-blee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people gathered together for a particular purpose: 'a Legislative \IAssembly\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the putting together of something, especially parts of machines, etc.
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\Hassembly language\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a language in which one instruction usually corresponds to one machine code instruction.
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\Hassembly line\h
a line of workers, machines, etc. in a factory, along which a product passes to be assembled in stages.
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\Hassent\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sent\j\b\i \Pverb\p to agree. \Bassent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hassert\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to claim positively: 'he still \Iasserts\j\b\i his innocence'.
\Bassert oneself\j\b\i, 'you must \Iassert yourself\j\b\i in business matters' (= insist on your rights, put yourself forward). \Bassertion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bassertive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dogmatic; \Bassertively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bassertiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hassess\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sess\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to estimate or judge: 'let's \Iassess\j\b\i the situation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to work out or estimate an amount to be paid, a value, etc. \Bassessor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person appointed to assess or advise; \Bassessment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hasset\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is useful or valuable: 'an alert mind is a great \Iasset\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any property with money value.
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sine\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to appoint or allocate: 'we must \Iassign\j\b\i a day for the next meeting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to transfer property, or property rights.
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\Hassignation\h
\Isay\j\b\i assig-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an appointment to meet, especially between lovers.
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\Hassignment\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sine\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of assigning.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular task or duty: 'a homework \Iassignment\j\b\i'.
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\Hassimilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1simm\j\b\ii-late \Pverb\p to absorb, especially into a system: 'the migrants were \Iassimilated\j\b\i into their new society'. \Bassimilation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bassimilable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hassist\h
\Pverb\p to help or support.
\Bassistant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a helper. \Bassistance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, help; \Bassistant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hassize\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1size\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a court in session.
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\Hassociate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1so\j\b\i-she-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to connect, as in the mind: 'I \Iassociate\j\b\i swimming with summer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to spend one's time: 'he \Iassociates\j\b\i with some odd people'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is granted partial membership of an organisation.
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\Hassociation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people joined or organised together for a common purpose.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of associating: 'the \Iassociation\j\b\i of ideas'. b) the state of being associated: 'working in close \Iassociation\j\b\i with my publisher'.
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\Hassonance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ia-n'nce \Pnoun\p a similarity between sounds, especially the repeating of vowel sounds in the words of a line of poetry, etc. \Bad-\j\b\i + Latin \Isonus\j\b\i sound
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\Hassort\h
\Pverb\p to arrange or classify according to size, kind, etc.
\Bassorted\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of different sorts or kinds: '\Iassorted\j\b\i chocolates'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they are a badly \Iassorted\j\b\i couple' (= matched). \Bassortment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of assorting, b) a mixed collection.
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\Hassuage\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sway\j\b\ij \Pverb\p to satisfy or make less severe: 'what will \Iassuage\j\b\i my thirst?'. \Bassuagement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hassume\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sy\j\b\ioom \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to suppose to be a fact, especially without proof: 'let us \Iassume\j\b\i you are right'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take on: 'he \Iassumed\j\b\i command of the group'.
\Bassumption\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of assuming. b) something which is assumed: 'that is an \Iassumption\j\b\i, not a fact'.
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\Hassurance\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\Isure\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a positive declaration that something will be done, etc.: 'he has given his \Iassurance\j\b\i of payment'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a confidence or courage, especially in oneself.
\CX13.\j\b\i life assurance.
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\Hassure\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sure\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to convince or tell earnestly: 'he \Iassured\j\b\i us that he would return'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make sure or secure: 'our victory is \Iassured\j\b\i'. \Bassuredly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bassure, ensure, insure\j\b\i have different but related meanings. \IAssure\j\b\i means to make someone sure or confident about an outcome: 'I \Iassure\j\b\i you that she will be on time'. \IEnsure\j\b\i means to make certain: 'Can you \Iensure\j\b\i that this parcel will arrive on time?'. \IInsure\j\b\i means to protect against loss: 'I have \Iinsured\j\b\i my car against theft'.
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\Hastatine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1as\j\b\ita-teen \Pnoun\p element number 85, an artificially created radioactive non-metal. See \Jhalogen\j\b\i.
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\Haster\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of plants whose flowers are made up of white, pink or purple petals around a yellow centre. Greek, star
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\Hasterisk\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ast\j\b\ia-risk \Pnoun\p a mark (*) used beside a word in writing or printing, to refer the reader to a footnote, etc. Greek \Iasteriskos\j\b\i small star
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\Hastern\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \INautical:\j\b\i behind or at the back.
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\Hasteroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ast\j\b\ia-royd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a vast number of small planetary bodies all less than 500 km in diameter, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Also called a \Bplanetoid\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any organism with a body shaped like a star, such as a starfish.
\Basteroid\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to a star.
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\Hasthma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p a disorder due to narrowing of air passages, causing shortness of breath and wheezing. \Basthmatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or suffering from asthma; \Basthmatic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Basthmatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek, panting
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\Hastigmatism\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stigma\j\b\i-tizm \Pnoun\p a faulty deflection of light rays producing poor focusing or vision in an eye, lens, etc. \Bastigmatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i astig-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hastir\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ster\j\b\i \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p moving or in motion: 'the village was \Iastir\j\b\i with excitement'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Iastir\j\b\i very early' (= out of bed).
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\Hastonish\h
\Pverb\p to surprise greatly: 'we were \Iastonished\j\b\i at the news'. \Bastonishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bastonishingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hastound\h
\Pverb\p to overcome with amazement. \Bastoundingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hastrakhan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ast\j\b\ira-kan \Pnoun\p the fur-like woolly skin of the young lamb of a Central Asian breed of sheep. a region and city in Russia
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\Hastral\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the stars.
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\Hastray\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stray\j\b\i \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p away from the right path: 'he was led \Iastray\j\b\i by criminals'.
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\Hastride\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stride\j\b\i preposition with one leg on each side of: 'he sat \Iastride\j\b\i the chair'. \Bastride\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hastringent\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1strin\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p causing skin or tissue to contract.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Iastringent\j\b\i comments made us flinch' (= harsh, severe).
\Bastringent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of various substances which cause skin or tissue to contract, used in medicine, cosmetics, etc. \Bastringently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bastringency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hastrology\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stroll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the possible influence of the stars on human events. Compare \Jastronomy\j\b\i. \Bastrologer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bastrological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i astra-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bastrologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iaster\j\b\i a star + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hastronaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1astra\j\b\i-nawt \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcosmonaut\j\b\i
a person trained to operate and travel in spacecraft.
\Bastronautics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of flight outside the earth's atmosphere. Greek \Iaster\j\b\i a star + \Inautes\j\b\i a sailor
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\Hastronomical unit\h
the average distance between the sun and the earth, about 149 600 000 km, used as the unit of distance within the solar system.
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\Hastronomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stronn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the study of planets and stars, their movements, relative positions and composition. Compare \Jastrology\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i immensely large or numerous: 'an \Iastronomical\j\b\i rise in prices'. \Bastronomer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bastronomically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hastrophysics\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ast\j\b\iro-fizziks \Pnoun\p the study of the physical properties of the planets and stars, a branch of astronomy.
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\Hastroturf\h
\Pnoun\p a form of artificial grass. a trademark
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\Hastute\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1stew\j\b\it \Padjective\p shrewd or mentally alert: 'her comments are always \Iastute\j\b\i'. \Bastutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bastuteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hasunder\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sun\j\b\ida \Padverb\p apart or into separate pieces: 'the roof was torn \Iasunder\j\b\i in the storm'.
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\Hasylum\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-l'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hospital or home for people with mental disorders, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the protection given by one country to a political refugee from another. b) any place of shelter or refuge. Greek \Iasylos\j\b\i inviolable
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\Hasymmetrical\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-sim-\CX1met\j\b\iri-k'l \Padjective\p asymmetric not symmetrical. \Basymmetry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1simm\j\b\ia-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hasymptote\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ass\j\b\iim-tote \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a straight line which is approached, but never reached, by an infinitely long curve. Greek \Iasymptotos\j\b\i not close
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\Hat\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i used to indicate place: 'we will meet \Iat\j\b\i home'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate time: 'be there \Iat\j\b\i noon'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the car started \Iat\j\b\i the second push' (= on).
b) 'dogs bark \Iat\j\b\i night' (= during).
\CX13.\j\b\i used to indicate action, state or manner: a) 'set your mind \Iat\j\b\i rest'; b) 'he came \Iat\j\b\i a run'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was horrified \Iat\j\b\i the news' (= because of).
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\Hat-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bad-\j\b\i.
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\Hatavism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1att\j\b\ia-vizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the reappearance of a feature or character after it has not been evident for several generations.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reversion to primitive instincts. \Batavistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iatavus\j\b\i a forefather
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\Hataxia\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tak\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i any of a group of disorders of the nervous system causing difficulty in maintaining balance or normal movements.
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\Hate\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Beat\j\b\i.
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\Hatheist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-thee-ist \Pnoun\p a person who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods. Compare \Jagnostic\j\b\i. \Batheism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Batheistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ay-thee-\CX1is\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Batheistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hathenaeum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ath\j\b\i-a-neeum \Pnoun\p atheneum a club or library with literary or scientific interests. Greek
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\Hathirst\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ther\j\b\ist \Padjective\p eager or having a great desire: 'we were all \Iathirst\j\b\i for knowledge'.
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\Hathlete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ath\j\b\i-leet \Pnoun\p a person trained to take part in competitive sports, especially athletics. Greek \Iathletes\j\b\i a contender for a prize
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\Hathlete's foot\h
also called \Btinea\j\b\i
a fungal infection of the skin between the toes.
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\Hathletic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ath-\CX1lett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to physical sports or activities.
\CX12.\j\b\i physically strong and active: 'he is quite \Iathletic\j\b\i despite his age'.
\CX11.\j\b\i physical sports or activities such as running, jumping, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the system or principles of training for such activities.
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\Hathwart\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1thwawt\j\b\i preposition \CX11.\j\b\i across or from side to side.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i at right angles to the keel of a boat. \Bathwart\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hatlas\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Batlases\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a book of maps.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the first bone of the vertebral column, supporting the head. after \IAtlas\j\b\i, a giant in Greek mythology who was condemned to support the heavens on his shoulders as a punishment for rebellion against Zeus
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\Hatmosphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1at\j\b\imos-feer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the mixture of gases surrounding the earth, a star or a planet.
\CX12.\j\b\i a unit of pressure equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea-level (equal to 1.01 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 5\j\b\i pascal).
\CX13.\j\b\i the dominant feeling or mood of a situation, etc.: 'the \Iatmosphere\j\b\i at the meeting was hostile'. \Batmospheric\j\b\i, \Batmospherical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hatmospheric pressure\h
the pressure at a particular place, caused by the weight of the earth's atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure on top of a mountain is less than at sea-level.
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\Hatoll\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1att\j\b\iol \Pnoun\p a circular coral reef, usually forming one or more islands around a lagoon.
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\Hatom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1at\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the smallest unit of a chemical element which, by containing equal numbers of protons and electrons, has no net electric charge. Removal or addition of an electron ionises the atom. See \Jion\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is extremely small. \Batomic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tomm\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iatomos\j\b\i indivisible
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\Hatomic bomb\h
short form is \BA-bomb\j\b\i
See \Jnuclear weapon\j\b\i.
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\Hatomic energy\h
See \Jnuclear energy\j\b\i.
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\Hatomic mass unit\h
\IPhysics\j\b\i: the unit for the mass of an atom, being one-twelfth part of the mass of one atom of the carbon-12 isotope ***[12/6]C and equal to about 1.66 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 -27\j\b\i kg.
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\Hatomic number\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the number used to classify an element, equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. Compare \Jmass number\j\b\i.
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\Hatomic pile\h
See \Jnuclear reactor\j\b\i.
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\Hatomiser\h
\Pnoun\p atomizer a device for converting a liquid, such as perfume, into a fine spray under pressure.
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\Hatonal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1toe\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i not written in any particular key.
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\Hatone\h
\Pverb\p to make amends, especially for a sin or offence: 'you must \Iatone\j\b\i for your mistake'. \Batonement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hatop\h
preposition on or at the top of: '\Iatop\j\b\i the mountain'.
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\Hatrium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1at\j\b\i-ree-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Batria\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a courtyard, usually at the centre of a building, common in ancient Rome.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two chambers in the heart which receive blood from the veins.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very bad. \Batrocity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tross\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being atrocious, b) an atrocious act; \Batrociously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hatrophy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1at\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a wasting away or diminishing, especially of all or part of an organism. \Batrophy\j\b\i (\Batrophied\j\b\i, \Batrophying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hatropine\h
\Pnoun\p a poisonous drug obtained from belladonna.
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\Hattach\h
\Pverb\p to connect or fasten: 'the cupboards are \Iattached\j\b\i to the wall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is very \Iattached\j\b\i to her cat' (= bound by affection).
b) 'I \Iattach\j\b\i little importance to it' (= give).
\Battachment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of attaching.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bond of affection between people.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) something which is attached, such as an extra part or device. b) something which attaches, such as a strap, fastener, etc.
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\HattachΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tash\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i a member of an embassy or legation: 'a press \IattachΘ'\j\b\i. French
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\HattachΘ case\h
a small rectangular case for carrying documents or papers.
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\Hattack\h
\Pverb\p to set upon with force: 'the enemy \Iattacked\j\b\i the fort at nightfall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the newspaper was \Iattacked\j\b\i for its biased editorial' (= strongly criticised).
b) 'we all hungrily \Iattacked\j\b\i our meal' (= began energetically).
\Battack\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of attacking.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'an \Iattack\j\b\i of measles' (= occurrence).
b) 'we must make an \Iattack\j\b\i on the dishes' (= start).
c) 'their performance was full of \Iattack\j\b\i' (= vigour). \Battacker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hattain\h
\Pverb\p to reach or accomplish by one's efforts: 'he finally \Iattained\j\b\i his ambition'. \Battainment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of attaining, b) something attained; \Battainable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hattapulgite\h
\Pnoun\p a mineral silicate of magnesium and aluminium.
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\Hattar\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet-smelling oil obtained from petals, especially rose petals.
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\Hattempt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an effort to achieve something: 'she made several \Iattempts\j\b\i before she succeeded'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an attack: 'an \Iattempt\j\b\i was made on the princess's life'. \Battempt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bat-\j\b\i + Latin \Itemptare\j\b\i to test
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\Hattend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be present at: 'did you \Iattend\j\b\i the meeting?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to accompany: a) 'the President was \Iattended\j\b\i by his bodyguards'; b) 'her cold was \Iattended\j\b\i by fever'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a doctor \Iattended\j\b\i the victims' (= helped, looked after).
b) 'please \Iattend\j\b\i to your work' (= pay attention). \Battendance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of attending, b) the number of people present; \Battendant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, accompanying; \Battendant\j\b\i, \Battendee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that attends. Latin \Iattendere\j\b\i to turn the mind to
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\Hattention\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of concentrating or directing one's thoughts: 'one must pay \Iattention\j\b\i when driving'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your letter will receive early \Iattention\j\b\i' (= consideration).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any courtesy or helpfulness.
\Bat attention\j\b\i, standing with one's heels together and arms at one's sides. \Battentive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, helpful or giving attention; \Battentively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Battentiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hattention deficit disorder\h
short form is \BADD\j\b\i
\IMedical:\j\b\i a condition mainly affecting children and characterised by such symptoms as a \Ppronoun\pced inability to concentrate, extreme restlessness and destructive behaviour.
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\Hattenuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ten\j\b\i-yew-ate \Pverb\p to weaken or reduce in size or intensity. \Battenuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hattest\h
\Pverb\p to declare to be true or genuine: 'will you \Iattest\j\b\i to the truth of this statement?'. \Battestation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i attes-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hattic\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgarret\j\b\i
the room or space immediately under the roof of a house.
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\Hattire\h
\Pnoun\p any clothes. \Battire\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hattitude\h
\Pnoun\p a physical or mental position: a) 'he stood in a menacing \Iattitude\j\b\i'; b) 'what is your \Iattitude\j\b\i to gambling?'. \Battitudinise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i atti-\CX1tew\j\b\idi-nize), \Battitudinize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to assume affected attitudes.
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\Hatto-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one million million millionth (10{\up6 -18\j\b\i).
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\Hattorney\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1tern\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p any person, such as a lawyer, appointed to act on behalf of another.
\Battorney-general\j\b\i
the government minister responsible for the administration of justice.
\Bpower of attorney\j\b\i
a legal authority given by one person to another, to act on his or her behalf.
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\Hattract\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1trakt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pull or cause to move towards.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arouse interest or attention: 'the speech \Iattracted\j\b\i a large audience'.
\Battraction\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or power of attracting: 'magnetic \Iattraction\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which attracts, such as a public event. \Battractive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the power to attract or please; \Battractively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Battractiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bat-\j\b\i + Latin \Itractus\j\b\i drawn towards
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\Hattribute\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yewt \Pverb\p to consider as belonging to or created by: 'although unsigned this painting is \Iattributed\j\b\i to Raphael'.
a quality or characteristic: 'she has the \Iattributes\j\b\i of intelligence and beauty'. \Battribution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i attri-\CX1bew\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Battributable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be attributed to; \Battributive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yewtiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or expressing an attribute.
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\Hattrition\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a wearing away, as by friction or rubbing.
\Bwar of attrition\j\b\i, a war in which the victor is the side that can hold out the longest.
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\Hattune\h
\Pverb\p to bring into tune or harmony: 'his ideas are not \Iattuned\j\b\i to ours'.
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\Hatypical\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1tipp\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p not typical or normal. \Batypically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Ba-\j\b\i + \Btypical\j\b\i
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\Haubergine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-ber-\Izh\j\b\ieen \Pnoun\p See \Jeggplant\j\b\i.
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\Hauburn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1awb\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a rich, reddish-brown colour. \Bauburn\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hauction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a public sale at which goods are sold to the highest bidder. \Bauction\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bauctioneer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who conducts an auction.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-dibb'l \Padjective\p loud enough to be heard. \Baudibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baudibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haudience\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\idi'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the people attending or listening to something, especially a play, concert, lecture, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal meeting held by a high official or ruler: 'an \Iaudience\j\b\i with the Pope'.
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\Haudio\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to sound, especially the devices, etc. used to transmit, receive or reproduce soundwaves, such as tape-recorders or record players.
\Baudio frequency\j\b\i
any frequency at which vibrations can be heard by humans. Latin \Iaudio\j\b\i I hear
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\Haudioconference\h
\Pnoun\p a meeting of people from geographically separate areas connected by means of telephones.
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\Haudiographic\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of software and hardware) able to produce, or aid in producing, both sounds and visual images.
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\Haudiovisual\h
\Padjective\p involving the use of both sight and hearing, as in television, etc.: '\Iaudiovisual\j\b\i teaching aids'.
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\Haudit\h
\Pnoun\p an official examination of financial records and statements. \Baudit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bauditor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person appointed to make an audit, b) a listener.
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\Haudition\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a trial performance to test a person's suitability for a part in a play, orchestra, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or power of hearing. \Baudition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hauditorium\h
\Isay\j\b\i awdi-\CX1taw\j\b\irium \Pnoun\p a) a large theatre, concert hall, etc. b) the area in such a building where the audience sits.
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\Hauditory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\ida-tree \Padjective\p relating to hearing: 'the \Iauditory\j\b\i nerve'.
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\Hau fait\h
\Isay\j\b\i o fay well informed about something: '\Iau fait\j\b\i with the latest gossip'. French, to the fact
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\Hauger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p a boring-tool worked by hand, similar to but larger than a gimlet.
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\Haught\h
\Isay\j\b\i awt \Pnoun\p an old word meaning anything whatever: 'for \Iaught\j\b\i I know'.
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\Haugment\h
\Isay\j\b\i awg-\CX1ment\j\b\i \Pverb\p to increase or add to. \Baugmentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haugur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p any prophet or soothsayer.
\Baugur\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to foretell or be a sign of: 'the weather \Iaugurs\j\b\i well for our holiday'. \Baugury\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Haugust (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1gust\j\b\i \Padjective\p imposing or majestic: 'the king had an \Iaugust\j\b\i manner'. \Baugustly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HAugust (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-gust \Pnoun\p the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. after the Roman Emperor \IAugustus\j\b\i
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\Hauk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hawk \Pnoun\p any of various short-winged, black and white, salt-water, diving birds, e.g. the \Bguillemot\j\b\i and \Bpuffin\j\b\i.
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\Haunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i arnt \Pnoun\p a) a sister of one's parent. b) the wife of one's uncle.
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\Hau pair\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i pair a young foreigner, usually female, who lives with a family, minds the children, etc., and often studies the language. French, board and lodging without pay
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\Haura\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p plural is \Bauras\j\b\i or \Baurae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ee)
a distinct air or atmosphere surrounding something: 'an \Iaura\j\b\i of wisdom'. Greek, breath
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\Haural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ir'l \Padjective\p of or perceived by the ear. \Baurally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Haureole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\iri-ole \Pnoun\p also spelt \Baureola\j\b\i
a halo.
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\Hau revoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i o rer-\CX1vwa\j\b\i goodbye for now. French, until we see each other again
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\Hauric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-rik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of gold in which gold has a valency of three.
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\Hauricle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\iri-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the outer part of the ear.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of the two upper chambers of the heart which receives blood from the veins. \Bauricular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1rik\j\b\i-yewla), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hauriferous\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1riff\j\b\ierus \Padjective\p yielding or containing gold.
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\Haurora\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1raw\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p a glowing display in the upper layers of the atmosphere near the poles, caused by fast, charged particles from the sun. The \Baurora borealis\j\b\i occurs near the North Pole and the \Baurora australis\j\b\i occurs near the South Pole.
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\Haurous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-rus \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of gold in which gold has a valency of one.
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\Hauspice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ispis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bauspices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ispi-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any help or patronage: 'the research was carried out under the \Iauspices\j\b\i of the government'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a favourable omen. Latin \Iauspicium\j\b\i divination
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\Hauspicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1spish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p fortunate or favourable. \Bauspiciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\HAussie\h
\Isay\j\b\i ozzee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an Australian.
#
\Haustere\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1steer\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1os\j\b\i-teer \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i morally strict or self-restrained: 'the \Iaustere\j\b\i life of a monk'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lacking comfort or ornament: 'she lived in an \Iaustere\j\b\i building'. \Bausterely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bausterity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i os-\CX1terr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being austere.
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\HAustralasian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ostra-\CX1lay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p of or relating to Australia, New Zealand and the nearby South Pacific islands.
#
\HAustralian Academic and Research Network\h
short form is \BAARNet\j\b\i
a computer network which links academics and researchers working in Australian universities and research organisations with each other and with world-wide computer networks via the Internet. A(\Iustralian\j\b\i) A(\Icademic\j\b\i) \Iand\j\b\i R(\Iesearch\j\b\i) Net(\Iwork\j\b\i)
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\HAustralian Rules\h
a fast form of football played on a large, oval field between two teams of 18 players.
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\Hautarchy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-tar-kee \Pnoun\p despotism; absolute rule. \Bauto-\j\b\i + Greek \Iarkhos\j\b\i a leader do not confuse with \Bautarky\j\b\i.
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\Hautarky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-tar-kee \Padjective\p self-sufficiency, especially of a country's economy. \Bauto-\j\b\i + Greek \Iarkios\j\b\i sufficient do not confuse with \Bautarchy\j\b\i.
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\Hauthentic\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1then\j\b\itik \Padjective\p genuine or believable: 'her French accent sounds quite \Iauthentic\j\b\i'. \Bauthentically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bauthenticity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i awthen-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being authentic.
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\Hauthenticate\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1then\j\b\iti-kate \Pverb\p to make or prove to be authentic. \Bauthentication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hauthor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\itha \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who writes a book, essay, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who originates something: 'was Rosa the \Iauthor\j\b\i of this scheme?'. \Bauthoress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of author; \Bauthorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bauthorial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iauctor\j\b\i originator
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\Hauthorise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\itha-rize \Pverb\p authorize to give authority to or for: 'you must \Iauthorise\j\b\i your solicitor to act for you'. \Bauthorisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hauthoritarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-thorri-\CX1tair\j\b\iian \Padjective\p in favour of obedience to authority, rather than the exercise of individual freedom. \Bauthoritarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has an authoritarian manner; \Bauthoritarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hauthority\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1thorr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power or right to give orders and make others obey.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'who gave you \Iauthority\j\b\i to act?' (= permission).
\CX12.\j\b\i an expert or reliable source: 'he is an \Iauthority\j\b\i on road safety'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an organisation or group having control over public affairs. \Bauthoritative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or using authority; \Bauthoritatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iauctoritas\j\b\i responsibility
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\Hauthorship\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jauthor\j\b\i.
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\Hautism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-tizm \Pnoun\p an abnormal tendency to withdraw into a private world to such an extent that normal human communication is impossible. \Bautistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1tis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iautos\j\b\i self + \B-ism\j\b\i
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\Hauto-\h
a prefix meaning self, as in \Iautobiography\j\b\i.
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\Hautobiography\h
\Isay\j\b\i auto-by-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the life story of a person written by herself or himself. Compare \Jbiography\j\b\i. \Bautobiographical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i auto-by-a-\CX1graff\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bautobiographic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bautobiographically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bautobiographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hautoclave\h
\Pnoun\p a closed vessel for sterilising equipment by using steam under pressure.
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\Hautocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw\CX1tok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p despotism. \Bautocrat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ita-krat), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person having or using absolute power; \Bautocratic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bautocratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hautograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ita-graf \Pnoun\p a) a person's signature or handwriting. b) an original manuscript in a person's own handwriting. \Bautographic\j\b\i, \Bautographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bauto-\j\b\i + Greek \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hautomat\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bvending-machine\j\b\i
a coin-operated machine which supplies a variety of goods, usually food.
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\Hautomatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i awta-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i done without thought or conscious effort: 'breathing is an \Iautomatic\j\b\i process'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a machine) operating without direct human control.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a gun) using the pressure of the exploding cartridge or the recoil of the weapon to operate a mechanism which reloads the chamber for repeated firing. \Bautomatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bautomatic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hautomatic pilot\h
an automatic steering device in an aeroplane.
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\Hautomatic teller machine\h
short form is \BATM\j\b\i
a device provided by a financial institution which is used to carry out transactions such as the deposit and withdrawal of money, etc. both during and after normal business hours.
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\Hautomation\h
\Isay\j\b\i awta-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of replacing manpower by machinery, especially in industry. \Bautomate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply the principles of automation.
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\Hautomaton\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1tomm\j\b\ia-t'n \Pnoun\p plural is \Bautomatons\j\b\i or \Bautomata\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who acts in an automatic or unthinking way.
\CX12.\j\b\i an automatic device or machine, such as a robot.
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\Hautomobile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ita-mo-beel \Pnoun\p a motor car.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to motor vehicles: 'the \Iautomotive\j\b\i industry'.
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\Hautonomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1tonn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ruling of a country by its own people.
\CX12.\j\b\i any independence or freedom. \Bautonomous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, independent.
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\Hautopsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-topsee \Pnoun\p See \Jpost-mortem\j\b\i.
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\Hautosome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\ito-some \Pnoun\p any chromosome which is not a sex chromosome.
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\Hautosuggestion\h
\Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a change in a person's outlook or attitude, caused by his or her own thoughts or belief.
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\Hautotrophic\h
\Isay\j\b\i auto-\CX1troff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (of an organism) being able to make its own food by photosynthesis. Compare \Jheterotrophic\j\b\i. \Bautotroph\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hautumn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p in America called the \Bfall\j\b\i
the season of the year between summer and winter. \Bautumnal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i aw-\CX1tum\j\b\i-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bautumnally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hauxiliary\h
\Isay\j\b\i awg-\CX1zill\j\b\iia-ree \Padjective\p giving support or aid: '\Iauxiliary\j\b\i troops'. \Bauxiliary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that gives aid of any kind.
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\Hauxin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\isin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1awk\j\b\isin \Pnoun\p a group of plant hormones produced by dividing cells, promoting growth in certain parts of a plant and often inhibiting it in others. Greek \IauxΘ\j\b\i growth
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\Havail\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vale\j\b\i \Pnoun\p usefulness or advantage: 'it is of little \Iavail\j\b\i to shout'.
\Bavail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be of use or value.
\Bavail oneself of\j\b\i, 'you should \Iavail yourself of\j\b\i this chance' (= make use of).
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\Havailable\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vay\j\b\ila-b'l \Padjective\p suitable or ready for use: 'there are no more seats \Iavailable\j\b\i for the concert'. \Bavailability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-vayla-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bavailably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Havalanche\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1avv\j\b\ia-lahnch \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden fall or movement of a mass of snow, rock or mud down a slope.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the force or movement of an avalanche: 'an \Iavalanche\j\b\i of angry questions'. French
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\Havant-garde\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1av\j\b\ivon-gard \Padjective\p in the forefront of modern trends, in arts, etc. \Bavant-garde\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French, vanguard
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\Havarice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1avv\j\b\ia-ris \Pnoun\p an extreme greed for wealth, possessions, etc. \Bavaricious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i avva-\CX1rish\j\b\ius), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bavariciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bavariciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iavarus\j\b\i greedy
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\Havast\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vahst\j\b\i interjection \INautical:\j\b\i a call to stop.
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\Havaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vawnt\j\b\i interjection an old word meaning go or away.
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\Havenge\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1venj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take revenge for. \Bavenger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Havenue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1avv\j\b\ia-new \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a street or road, originally a wide, tree-lined street.
\CX12.\j\b\i a means: 'to search for \Iavenues\j\b\i of escape'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1av\j\b\i-rij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the result obtained by dividing the sum of several quantities by the number of quantities added.
\CX12.\j\b\i the most common or usual amount, quality, kind, etc. \Baverage\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Baveragely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Baverage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to calculate the average of, b) to be or obtain an average.
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\Haverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1verse\j\b\i \Padjective\p opposed or reluctant: 'I'm not \Iaverse\j\b\i to hard work'. See \Jadverse\j\b\i.
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\Haversion\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1ver\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) an extreme dislike: 'I have an \Iaversion\j\b\i to spiders'. b) a person or thing that is disliked.
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\Havert\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to turn away: 'she \Iaverted\j\b\i her eyes'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was too late to \Iavert\j\b\i the disaster' (= avoid).
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\Haviary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ave\j\b\i-y'ree \Pnoun\p a large cage or enclosure in which birds are kept.
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\Haviation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-vee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the science or skill of flying aircraft. \Baviator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pilot. Latin \Iavis\j\b\i a bird
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\Havid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1avv\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i greedy: '\Iavid\j\b\i for power'.
\CX12.\j\b\i very enthusiastic or keen: 'he is an \Iavid\j\b\i collector of old guns'. \Bavidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bavidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Havocado\h
\Isay\j\b\i avva-\CX1kah\j\b\ido \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an edible, tropical fruit with a dark green or black skin, creamy yellowish flesh and a large seed. Short form of \Bavocado pear\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellowish-green colour. \Bavocado\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Spanish \Iavocado\j\b\i replacing the Aztec \Iahuacatl\j\b\i testicle
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\Havoid\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1voyd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep away from: 'most people try to \Iavoid\j\b\i danger'. \Bavoidable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bavoidance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bavoidably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Havoirdupois weight\h
\Isay\j\b\i av-wa-doo-\CX1pwa\j\b\i wate a system of units of weight for goods other than precious metals, gems and drugs. The units are the grain, dram, ounce, pound, stone, quarter, hundredweight and ton.
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\Havow\h
\Pverb\p to acknowledge or confess. \Bavowal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Havuncular\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1vunk\j\b\i-yewla \Padjective\p of or like an uncle: 'his kindly, \Iavuncular\j\b\i manner made him a favourite with the children'.
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\Hawait\h
\Pverb\p to wait for or expect: 'we will \Iawait\j\b\i your decision'.
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\Hawake\h
\Padjective\p not asleep.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I think he is \Iawake\j\b\i to the danger' (= alert).
\Bawake\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
also called to \Bawaken\j\b\i
(\Bawoke, awoken\j\b\i or \Bawaked, awaking\j\b\i)
to wake from sleep. \Bawakening\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of waking from sleep, b) an arousing of interest, etc.
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\Haward\h
\Pverb\p to officially give or grant: 'he was \Iawarded\j\b\i several prizes'.
\Baward\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any prize or token which is awarded.
\CX12.\j\b\i the minimum legal rate of pay for a particular type of work.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a decision, e.g. of an arbitrator.
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\Haware\h
\Padjective\p having knowledge or understanding of: 'he was \Iaware\j\b\i of the danger'. \Bawareness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hawash\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p covered by water.
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\Haway\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p towards or at a different place, etc.: 'please go \Iaway\j\b\i!'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they worked \Iaway\j\b\i all morning' (= continuously).
b) 'the water has boiled \Iaway\j\b\i' (= out of existence).
c) 'please do it straight \Iaway\j\b\i' (= immediately).
d) 'the team plays \Iaway\j\b\i next week' (not at the club's ground).
\Bdo away with\j\b\i, a) 'let us \Ido away with\j\b\i him' (= kill); b) 'you must help \Ido away with\j\b\i fighting' (= put an end to).
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1away\j\b\i \Padverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i (of an anchor) raised just clear of the bottom of the sea.
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\Hawful\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aw\j\b\i-f'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) extremely bad or unpleasant: 'what an \Iawful\j\b\i day'. b) very great: 'he has an \Iawful\j\b\i lot of money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i inspiring fear or dread. \Bawfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bawfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jterrible\j\b\i.
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\Hawhile\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1wile\j\b\i \Padverb\p for a short time: 'let us rest \Iawhile\j\b\i'.
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\Hawkward\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking grace or skill: 'he is very \Iawkward\j\b\i with his hands'.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing problems or embarrassment: '10.00 a.m. is an \Iawkward\j\b\i time for me to come'.
\CX13.\j\b\i difficult or dangerous: 'he is an \Iawkward\j\b\i person to deal with'. \Bawkwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bawkwardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hawl\h
\Pnoun\p a small pointed tool for piercing holes in wood or leather.
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\Hawning\h
\Pnoun\p a roof-like cover, usually canvas, for protecting doorways or windows.
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\Hawoke\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bawake\j\b\i.
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\Hawry\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1rye\j\b\i \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i crooked or turned to one side.
\CX12.\j\b\i wrong or off the right course: 'our plans went \Iawry\j\b\i'.
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\Haxe\h
\Pnoun\p ax plural is \Baxes\j\b\i
a tool with a long, wooden handle and a sharp, wedge-shaped metal head, used for felling trees, chopping wood, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive the axe\j\b\i, 'he was \Igiven the axe\j\b\i from his job' (= dismissed.)
\Bhave an axe to grind\j\b\i, to have a private grievance. \Baxe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to reduce or abolish.
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\Haxes\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-seez plural \Pnoun\p See \Jaxis\j\b\i.
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\Haxial\h
\Padjective\p relating to or situated at an axis.
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\Haxiom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aks\j\b\i-ee-um \Pnoun\p an established or accepted truth, such as a general statement which is used as a basis for reasoning or argument. \Baxiomatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i aksi-a\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Haxis\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Baxes\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i the line around which a rotating body turns.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line which divides something in half.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a fixed line chosen as a reference, e.g. for a graph.
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\Haxle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ak\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p a supporting shaft on which a wheel or wheels turn.
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\Haxolotl\h
\Isay\j\b\i axe-o-\CX1lot\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a Mexican salamander which breeds during the larval stage of its life cycle.
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\Haxon\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a nerve cell which transmits impulses away from the cell.
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\Hayatollah\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-ya-\CX1toll\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a title of respect accorded a highly advanced Islamic scholar among Shiite Moslems.
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\Haye\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye \Pnoun\p ay (plural is \Bayes\j\b\i)
a vote in favour of something.
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\Hazalea\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1zay\j\b\ilia \Pnoun\p any of a group of garden shrubs which are smaller, often scented, forms of rhododendron and have bright decorative flowers.
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\Hazan\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1zan\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the call which summons Moslems to prayers. Arabic \Iadhan\j\b\i invitation
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\Hazimuth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1azzi\j\b\i-m'th \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the angle made between a vertical circle through a planet or star and the observer's meridian.
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\HAztec\h
\Pnoun\p a) any of a people inhabiting Mexico between about \BA.D\j\b\i. 1100 and \BA.D\j\b\i. 1519 (the Spanish invasion). b) their language, a variety of which is still spoken in Mexico. \BAztec\j\b\i, \BAztecan\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hazure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1a\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p a clear, sky-blue colour. \Bazure\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbabaco\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1bah\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p also called a \Bkiwi star\j\b\i
a fruit with five ridges and a yellow skin.
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\Hbabble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to utter incoherent or meaningless sounds: 'the baby \Ibabbled\j\b\i happily in its cot'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to talk continuously or thoughtlessly: 'knowing him, he'll \Ibabble\j\b\i on for hours'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of flowing water) to make a continuous murmuring or rippling sound. \Bbabble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a babbling sound; \Bbabbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbabe\h
\Pnoun\p a baby.
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\Hbabel\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i table \Pnoun\p a confused mixture of many different sounds. from the \ITower of Babel\j\b\i in the Bible
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\Hbaboon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba\CX1-boon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a large monkey of Africa and Arabia with a muzzle rather like a dog's. Old French \Ibabuin\j\b\i a stupid person
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\Hbaby\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a very young child or animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i the youngest member of a group: 'she is the \Ibaby\j\b\i of her class'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an inexperienced or naive person: 'he's only a \Ibaby\j\b\i when it comes to business matters'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an affectionate term for an adult. b) an invention or creation: 'as the plan is your \Ibaby\j\b\i, you present it at the meeting'. \Bbaby\j\b\i (\Bbabied\j\b\i, \Bbabying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to pamper or coddle; \Bbabyhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbaby boomer\h
a person born in the years immediately after World War 2 when there was a sudden and marked increase in the birth rate.
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\Hbaby-sit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbaby-sat, baby-sitting\j\b\i)
a) to mind children when their parents are out. b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to mind possessions while their owner is absent. \Bbaby-sitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbaccalaureate\h
\Isay\j\b\i bakka-\CX1lorr\j\b\ii-at \Pnoun\p (in France) the first stage of university examinations taken by high-school students.
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\Hbaccarat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bakk\j\b\ia-rah \Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a game played against a banker in which the aim is to collect nine points, or the closest below that number for each round. French
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\HBacchus\h
\Pnoun\p \IRoman mythology:\j\b\i the god of wine and fertility.
drunken, wild and unrestrained, like the festivals in honour of Bacchus.
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\Hbach\h
\Isay\j\b\i batch \Pverb\p See \Jbatch (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbachelor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1batch\j\b\ia-la \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an unmarried man.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who holds the first degree awarded by a university: 'a \IBachelor\j\b\i of Arts'. Old French \Ibacheler\j\b\i a young man aspiring to knighthood
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\Hbacillus\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1sill\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbacilli\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1sil\j\b\i-eye)
\IBiology:\j\b\i any of a group of rod-shaped bacteria. Latin \Ibaculus\j\b\i rod
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\Hback\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the rear part of the human body between the shoulders and the buttocks. b) the corresponding part of any animal's body.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's broken her \Iback\j\b\i' (= spine).
\CX12.\j\b\i the rear side or part of anything: 'at the \Iback\j\b\i of the shop'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the keel of a boat: 'the ship broke its \Iback\j\b\i on the reef'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a player in a defensive position.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbreak the back of\j\b\i, 'another 2 hours' work should \Ibreak the back of\j\b\i it' (= deal with the hardest part of).
\Bget off one's back\j\b\i, '\Iget off my back\j\b\i!' (= stop criticising or pestering).
\Bget, put one's back up\j\b\i, 'she always \Igets his back up\j\b\i' (= annoys him).
\Bturn one's back on\j\b\i, 'you can't \Iturn your back on\j\b\i family responsibilities' (= ignore, neglect).
\Bback\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move backwards: 'Bron \Ibacked\j\b\i the truck skilfully'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to support or bet on: 'we should \Iback\j\b\i that horse in today's race'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be placed at the rear or to form a background: a) 'the workshop \Ibacks\j\b\i onto a lane'; b) 'the view is \Ibacked\j\b\i by rising foothills.'
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bback down\j\b\i, to retreat.
\Bback out\j\b\i, to withdraw or refuse.
\Bback up\j\b\i, a) 'do you have any witnesses who can \Iback up\j\b\i your story?' (= corroborate); b) to assist or support.
\CX11.\j\b\i placed behind or in the rear: 'enter by the \Iback\j\b\i door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i remote: 'the \Iback\j\b\i country'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or for a date earlier than the present: '\Iback\j\b\i issues of a periodical'.
\Bback\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i at, to or towards the rear: 'move \Iback\j\b\i, please, and let the doctor near'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in, to or towards a former place, time or condition: a) 'to go \Iback\j\b\i home'; b) 'my cold has come \Iback\j\b\i'; c) 'she remembers \Iback\j\b\i 50 years'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I take \Iback\j\b\i everything I said' (= in withdrawal).
b) 'sit \Iback\j\b\i and be comfortable' (= in a reclining position).
c) 'in spite of his fury prudence held him \Iback\j\b\i' (= in restraint).
d) 'she was punished because she answered \Iback\j\b\i' (= cheekily in reply). \Bbacker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supports an enterprise, especially with money; \Bbackless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbackbencher\h
\Pnoun\p \IParliament:\j\b\i a member of the house of Representatives who is not entitled to occupy the front bench which is reserved for ministers and shadow ministers. Compare \Jfrontbencher\j\b\i.
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\Hbackbite\h
\Pverb\p to gossip about or slander a person in that person's absence. \Bbackbiter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbackblocks\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i any remote or outlying settlement.
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\Hbackbone\h
\Pnoun\p the vertebral column.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ibackbone\j\b\i of the Establishment' (= main support).
b) 'he didn't have the \Ibackbone\j\b\i to admit he was wrong' (= strength of character).
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\Hbackburner\h
\Pnoun\p a burner at the rear of a heat range, usually one of lower heat.
\Bput on the backburner\j\b\i, 'she \Iput\j\b\i the issue \Ion the backburner\j\b\i' (= gave it low priority).
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\Hbackchat\h
\Pnoun\p any impertinent answering back: 'I won't put up with any more \Ibackchat\j\b\i'. \Bbackchat\j\b\i (\Bbackchatted\j\b\i, \Bbackchatting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbackcomb\h
\Pverb\p \IBeauty:\j\b\i See \Jtease\j\b\i
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\Hbackdate\h
\Pverb\p to date or apply at an earlier date than the present: 'your pay rise will be \Ibackdated\j\b\i two months'.
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\Hbackdrop\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbackcloth\j\b\i
\ITheatre:\j\b\i a painted curtain or hanging at the back of a stage, forming part of the set.
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\Hbacker\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jback\j\b\i
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\Hbackfire\h
\Pverb\p (of an internal combustion engine) to explode through the exhaust pipe, owing to the accumulation of unburnt fuel.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'our plans \Ibackfired\j\b\i at the last moment' (= went wrong). \Bbackfire\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbackgammon\h
\Pnoun\p a board game for two people, each with fifteen pieces which move according to the throw of dice. \Bback\j\b\i + Middle English \Igamen\j\b\i a game, because sometimes the pieces must return to the start
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\Hbackground\h
\Pnoun\p the remoter part of a scene or setting, against which things are seen or represented: 'the view overlooks the lake with the mountains in the \Ibackground\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my essay is on the \Ibackground\j\b\i of the French Revolution' (= events surrounding or causing).
b) 'Smith's \Ibackground\j\b\i in science makes him ideal for the job' (= experience, training).
c) 'a politician's advisers usually remain in the \Ibackground\j\b\i' (= relative obscurity).
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\Hbackhand\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a stroke made across the body with the back of the hand facing forwards. Compare \Jforehand\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any handwriting which slopes to the left.
\Bbackhanded\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of a stroke or blow) delivered or made with the back of the hand, or the back of the hand facing forward.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of handwriting) sloping to the left.
\Bbackhanded compliment\j\b\i, an ambiguous, double-edged compliment. \Bbackhandedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbackhander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a backhanded blow or stroke.
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\Hbackhoe\h
\Pnoun\p a small tractor with a scoop attached to the back.
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\Hbacking\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any support, promotion or assistance: 'the enterprise will never succeed without proper \Ibacking\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a supporting or strengthening back part: 'the \Ibacking\j\b\i on this furniture isn't very strong'.
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\Hbacklash\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a backward whipping or jarring motion in worn machine parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hostile reaction to something considered to be a threat.
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\Hbackless\h
\Padjective\p See \Jback\j\b\i.
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\Hbacklog\h
\Pnoun\p an accumulation of work, etc.: 'there is a huge \Ibacklog\j\b\i of mail to answer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to retreat or abandon one's position in an argument, commitment, etc. Also called to \Bbacktrack\j\b\i.
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\Hbackroom\h
\Padjective\p out of the public eye: 'this new window-glass substitute has been developed by one of our \Ibackroom\j\b\i researchers.'
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\Hback seat\h
a seat at or towards the back.
\Btake a back seat\j\b\i, 'she \Itook a back seat\j\b\i in the discussion' (= played an inconspicuous part).
\Bback-seat driver\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) anyone who interferes or gives unwanted advice, such as a car passenger who constantly corrects the driver.
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\Hbackside\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a back part.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the buttocks.
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\Hbackslide\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbackslid\j\b\i, \Bbacksliding\j\b\i)
to fall back into error or wrongdoing. \Bbackslider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbackspace\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of typing) to move the carriage back one or more spaces.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of word processing) to move the cursor back to previously keyed-in text, especially to insert, delete or rearrange letters or words.
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\Hbackstage\h
\Pnoun\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i the area behind or at the sides of the stage, containing the dressing-rooms, props and other equipment. \Bbackstage\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, private or behind the scenes.
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\Hbackstreet\h
\Pnoun\p a small out-of-the-way street in a city or town.
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\Hbackstroke\h
\Pnoun\p a swimming style in which the swimmer lies face up in the water, reaching back and pulling alternately with each arm.
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\Hbacktrack\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to return over the same route: 'we tried to \Ibacktrack\j\b\i but lost the path'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to back-pedal.
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\Hbackup\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any help or support: 'the other team members provided \Ibackup\j\b\i'. b) a spare part in case of need: 'the campers took another torch as a \Ibackup\j\b\i'.
\Bbackup\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i to make a copy of a file, program, etc., usually onto a floppy disk.
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\Hbackward\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i towards the back or in reverse: 'she left without a \Ibackward\j\b\i glance'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) retarded or showing no progress: 'a \Ibackward\j\b\i child'. b) shy or retiring: 'he isn't \Ibackward\j\b\i in making his opinions known'.
\Bbackwards, backward\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
towards the back or in reverse: 'he leant \Ibackwards\j\b\i in his chair'.
\Bbend\j\b\i, \Bfall\j\b\i or \Blean over backwards\j\b\i, 'they \Ibent over backwards\j\b\i to help her' (= went to great trouble). \Bbackwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbackwardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbackwash\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the wave or broken water left by a boat or oars.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ibackwash\j\b\i of the revolution left them penniless' (= aftermath).
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\Hbackwater\h
\Pnoun\p a stagnant stretch of a river or a still pool fed by a river.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was bored living in such a \Ibackwater\j\b\i' (= backward or unprogressive place).
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\Hbackwoods\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i uncleared land away from settled areas.
\CX12.\j\b\i any obscure or remote area.
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\Hbackyard\h
\Pnoun\p an area at the back of a building, usually a house.
\Bbackyard\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
pertaining to a small or part time business run by a tradesperson from his or her place of residence: 'a \Ibackyard\j\b\i motor mechanic'. b) illegal, improper or unqualified: 'the \Ibackyard\j\b\i abortionist was responsible for several deaths'.
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\Hbacon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-k'n \Pnoun\p a cut of pork from the back or sides of a pig, usually salted or smoked.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring home the bacon\j\b\i, to succeed in an enterprise.
\Bsave one's bacon\j\b\i, 'a good alibi might \Isave his bacon\j\b\i' (= get him out of trouble).
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\Hbacteria\h
\Isay\j\b\i bak-\CX1teer\j\b\iia plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bbacterium\j\b\i
a large group of unicellular micro-organisms which display both plant and animal characteristics. Bacteria are important in the decay of plant and animal tissue, providing food, such as nitrates, for higher plants, and assisting in processes such as the fermentation of wines and the maturing of cheese. Some bacteria cause severe diseases, such as typhoid, diptheria, etc. \Bbacterial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ibakterion\j\b\i a small stick
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\Hbacteriology\h
\Isay\j\b\i bak-teeri-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of bacteria. \Bbacteriologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbad (1)\h
\Padjective\p (\Bworse\j\b\i, \Bworst\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i having unpleasant or disagreeable qualities: 'a \Ibad\j\b\i dream'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this car has \Ibad\j\b\i brakes' (= faulty).
b) 'she is selfish, but she's not a \Ibad\j\b\i person' (= malicious).
c) 'the milk will go \Ibad\j\b\i if you leave it out' (= sour, spoiled).
d) 'he is a \Ibad\j\b\i tennis player' (= incompetent).
e) 'he has a \Ibad\j\b\i toothache' (= severe, serious).
f) 'a \Ibad\j\b\i debt' (= not able to be recovered or made good).
g) 'reading by poor light is \Ibad\j\b\i for the eyes' (= harmful).
h) 'I feel very \Ibad\j\b\i about having lost my temper' (= sorry, regretful).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) good: 'this rap music is so \Ibad\j\b\i'.
\Bnot bad\j\b\i, rather good. \Bbad\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbadly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) poorly or inadequately, b) very much; \Bbadness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbad (2)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbid\j\b\i.
#
\Hbade\h
\Isay\j\b\i bad \Pverb\p an old past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbid\j\b\i.
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\Hbadge\h
\Pnoun\p an emblem signifying rank or membership in an organisation: 'a Boy Scout \Ibadge\j\b\i'.
#
\Hbadger\h
\Pnoun\p a small, burrowing, flesh-eating mammal of Europe and North America which hunts at night.
\Bbadger\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pester or harass: 'stop \Ibadgering\j\b\i me with questions'.
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\Hbadinage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1badd\j\b\ii-nah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any playful or witty exchange in conversation. French \Ibadiner\j\b\i to jest
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\Hbadly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jbad (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hbadminton\h
\Pnoun\p a game similar to tennis but using a high net and a light shuttlecock which does not bounce.
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\Hbadmouth\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise or speak ill of someone or something.
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\Hbadness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbad (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hbaffle\h
\Pverb\p to confuse or puzzle: 'why does my remark \Ibaffle\j\b\i you?'.
\Bbaffle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of various devices used to control flow or movement, as in a car muffler (to control hot gases) or in a loudspeaker (to control soundwaves). \Bbafflingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbafflement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various containers made from paper, cloth, leather, etc., such as a mailbag or a travelling bag.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iplural\j\b\i) a large quantity: 'he has \Ibags\j\b\i of money'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an unattractive woman.
\Bin the bag\j\b\i, 'a business deal which is \Iin the bag\j\b\i' (= assured, secured).
\Bbag\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbagged\j\b\i, \Bbagging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put into a bag: 'to \Ibag\j\b\i wheat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sag or hang loosely: 'his trousers \Ibagged\j\b\i at the knees'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to catch or kill, especially game: 'we \Ibagged\j\b\i an elephant first day out'.
\Bbags\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a claim for first use of, right to, etc.: '\Ibags\j\b\i I have the top bunk!' \Bbagging\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any material, especially jute or hemp, from which bags are made.
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\Hbagatelle\h
\Isay\j\b\i bagga-\CX1tel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything of little importance: 'a mere \Ibagatelle\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jpinball\j\b\i. French
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\Hbagel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-g'l \Pnoun\p a ring-shaped bread roll.
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\Hbaggage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bagg\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any luggage.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is often sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a bold or insolent young woman.
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\Hbaggy\h
\Padjective\p bulging or hanging in folds: '\Ibaggy\j\b\i trousers'.
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\Hbagpipe\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any of several reed instruments for which wind from the mouth or bellows is stored in a bag, and expelled through a number of pipes.
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\Hbail (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the sum of money given to a court as a guarantee that an accused person, who is freed until the time of trial, will return to court for the trial.
\Bgo bail for\j\b\i, to provide bail for. \Bbail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Old French, power or custody
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\Hbail (2)\h
\Pverb\p See \Jbale (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbail (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any of four small cylindrical pieces of wood, two of which sit across each set of three stumps.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a wooden frame to secure the head of a cow during milking. b) a stall separating horses in a stable.
\Bbail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to place a cow in a bail.
\Bbail out\j\b\i, 'the company needs to be \Ibailed out\j\b\i by the bank' (= rescued financially).
\Bbail up\j\b\i, a) 'the Kelly gang \Ibailed up\j\b\i forty residents' (= help up and robbed); b) 'she \Ibailed\j\b\i me \Iup\j\b\i and asked me the way to the post office' (= stopped).
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\Hbailiff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a person employed by a sheriff to serve writs and carry out court orders.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a) a chief magistrate or administrative official representing the monarch in a town or district. b) the agent for a feudal lord. Also called a \Breeve\j\b\i. Latin \Ibajulus\j\b\i a porter or manager
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\Hbain-marie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\in-mahree \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a vessel half-filled with hot water used to keep food warm or to cook it gently. French
#
\Hbairn\h
\Pnoun\p a Scottish word for a child.
#
\Hbait\h
\Pnoun\p a lure in the form of food, used to attract fish, game, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they offered him a salary rise as a \Ibait\j\b\i to stop him resigning' (= enticement).
\Bbait\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to prepare a fishhook, trap, etc. by attaching bait.
\CX12.\j\b\i to anger or torment deliberately.
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\Hbaize\h
\Isay\j\b\i baze \Pnoun\p a woollen felt-like fabric, usually green, used as a cover for billiard tables, etc.
#
\Hbake\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cook or heat in an oven.
\CX12.\j\b\i to harden by heating.
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\Hbakehouse\h
\Pnoun\p a bakery.
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\HBakelite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\ika-lite \Pnoun\p any of various synthetic resins made from phenols and formaldehyde, formerly used for making electrical insulators, telephone receivers, etc. a trademark, after its inventor, \IL. H. Baekeland\j\b\i, 1863-1944, an American chemist
#
\Hbaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc.
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\Hbaker's dozen\h
thirteen. after the former practice among bakers of adding an extra loaf to each dozen to ensure full weight
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\Hbakery\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbakehouse\j\b\i
a place where bread, cakes, buns, etc. are baked or sold.
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\Hbaking powder\h
a raising agent used in making cakes and biscuits.
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\Hbaking soda\h
See \Jbicarbonate of soda\j\b\i.
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\Hbaklava\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bak\j\b\i-larvar \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a pastry filled with honey and nuts. Turkish
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\Hbalaclava\h
\Isay\j\b\i balla-\CX1klah\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a woollen hood which covers the head, ears and neck. as worn at the battle of \IBalaclava\j\b\i in the Crimean War
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\Hbalalaika\h
\Isay\j\b\i balla-\CX1lie\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a triangular Russian instrument related to the guitar, with three strings.
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\Hbalance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an equal distribution of weight, amount, etc.: 'the \Ibalance\j\b\i of the load must be carefully arranged'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a condition of steadiness, especially when two opposing forces, influences, etc. are equal: 'don't lose your \Ibalance\j\b\i on that bike'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'throughout his family crisis he always kept his \Ibalance\j\b\i' (= calmness or stability).
\CX13.\j\b\i an instrument for measuring mass, especially one with a pan at each end of an arm which pivots about a central point.
\CX14.\j\b\i something which is used to produce a state of balance.
\CX15.\j\b\i (in bookkeeping) a) an equality between the debit and credit sides of an account. b) the difference between such totals.
\CX16.\j\b\i the remainder: a) 'the \Ibalance\j\b\i of my report can wait'; b) 'the \Ibalance\j\b\i of a bill'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jlibra\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbalance of payments\j\b\i, the difference between the amount a country spends abroad on imports, etc. and the amount it earns through its exports, etc., called the \Btrade gap\j\b\i when the first exceeds the second.
\Bbalance of power\j\b\i, a) the condition in which no single nation or group of nations is stronger than any other; b) 'which party holds the \Ibalance of power\j\b\i in parliament?' (= power to decide or determine).
\Bhang in the balance\j\b\i, to be or remain undecided.
\Bstrike a balance\j\b\i, to find a solution that is considered to be fair to all.
\Bbalance\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to weigh on a balance.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring into or keep in a steady condition or position: a) 'can you \Ibalance\j\b\i a book on your head?'; b) 'the acrobat \Ibalanced\j\b\i on one hand'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make or be equal in weight, amount, force, etc.: 'his good points probably balance his bad'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was left \Ibalancing\j\b\i one alternative against the other' (= comparing).
\CX14.\j\b\i (in bookkeeping) a) to estimate the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account. b) to make the necessary adjustments so that the debit and credit sides of an account are equal. Latin \Ibilanx\j\b\i having two scales
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\Hbalance sheet\h
a statement of the assets and liabilities of a business at a certain date.
#
\Hbalcony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bal\j\b\ika-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a platform projecting from a building, usually with a railing or balustrade.
\CX12.\j\b\i a raised gallery with seats, in a theatre or public building.
#
\Hbald\h
\Isay\j\b\i bawld \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking hair on the scalp.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ibald\j\b\i mountain' (= lacking vegetation).
\CX12.\j\b\i blunt or plain: a) 'a \Ibald\j\b\i lie'; b) 'he gave a \Ibald\j\b\i statement of the facts'. \Bbaldly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbaldness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbalderdash\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bawl\j\b\ida-dash \Pnoun\p nonsense or words jumbled illogically together.
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\Hbale (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a large, compact package or bundle held together by wires, cord or cloth: 'a \Ibale\j\b\i of hay'. \Bbale\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbaler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbale (2)\h
\Pverb\p also spelt \Bbail\j\b\i
to dip out water from the bottom of a boat.
\Bbale out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to parachute from an aircraft; b) to abandon any dangerous situation. Old French \Ibaille\j\b\i a bucket
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\Hbaleful\h
\Padjective\p menacing or evil: 'he replied with a \Ibaleful\j\b\i stare'. \Bbalefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbalefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbalk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i walk \Pverb\p also spelt \Bbaulk\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to stop and refuse to continue: a) 'my horse \Ibalked\j\b\i at the gate'; b) 'she \Ibalked\j\b\i at the idea of marriage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prevent or thwart: 'a publicity campaign \Ibalked\j\b\i by a newspaper strike'.
\Bbalk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any obstacle or hindrance.
\CX12.\j\b\i an unploughed strip of land between furrows.
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\Hball (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a spherical object, either hollow or solid, such as that used in cricket, tennis, etc. b) a rounded protuberance or part of something: 'she balanced on the \Iballs\j\b\i of her feet'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) the testicles.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon the ball\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) alert or in touch.
\Bplay ball\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cooperate. \Bball\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shape into a ball.
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\Hball (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a large social gathering, usually formal, with dancing, eating and drinking.
\Bhave a ball\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to enjoy oneself thoroughly. Old French \Ibaler\j\b\i to dance
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\Hballad\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a simple narrative poem, often adapted for singing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, popular song. \Bballadry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any or all ballads.
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\Hballast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bal\j\b\i-ast \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any heavy material, such as lead or bags of sand, placed in the hold of a ship, etc. to ensure stability.
\CX12.\j\b\i gravel or broken rock used as a bed for railway sleepers, drainage, etc. \Bballast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hball-bearing\h
\Pnoun\p a) a bearing which moves on small steel balls placed in a ring-shaped groove. b) one of the small steel balls.
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\Hballet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bal\j\b\i-ay \Pnoun\p a) an artistic dance form characterised by stylised steps, movements and gestures. b) a performance of such a dance, usually with a musical accompaniment, scenery and theatrical effects, acting out a story or theme. c) a company of dancers which performs ballets. \Bballet-dancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a dancer of either sex; \Bballerina\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i balla-\CX1ree\j\b\ina), \Inoun\j\b\i, a female ballet-dancer.
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\Hballistic missile\h
a missile which is propelled and guided only in the first stages of its flight. Compare \Jguided missile\j\b\i.
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\Hballistics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1list\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the motion of projectiles, such as bullets or missiles. \Bballistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having to do with projectiles and their movement. Greek \Iballein\j\b\i to throw
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\Hballoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1loon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an aircraft which is lighter than air and consists of a large bag filled with hydrogen, helium or hot air, and a basket or harness to carry the crew.
\CX12.\j\b\i an inflatable rubber bag, usually coloured, used as a toy or for decoration.
\Bwhen the balloon goes up\j\b\i, when trouble starts. \Bballoon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to swell up like a balloon, b) to go aloft in a balloon; \Bballoonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hballot\h
\Pnoun\p a) a system of secret voting in an election, in which the voter is given a paper printed with the names of candidates, on which to indicate the favoured candidate or a numerical order of preference for the candidates, before placing it in the ballot-box. b) the piece of paper used. c) the total number of votes cast.
\Bballot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bballoted\j\b\i, \Bballoting\j\b\i)
a) to vote by ballot. b) to draw lots. Italian \Iballotta\j\b\i a little ball, because originally votes were cast by dropping a ball into a box
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\Hballpoint pen\h
a pen containing a supply of ink and a point consisting of a metal ball which turns on contact with paper and releases a small amount of ink onto the paper.
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\Hballroom\h
\Pnoun\p a large room in which usually formal social gatherings such as balls are held.
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\Hballs-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mistake causing confusion.
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\Hballyhoo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) sensational or misleading publicity or advertising. b) an uproar or outcry.
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\Hbalm\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i calm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various ointments made from the resin of certain trees.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which heals or soothes: 'sleep, the \Ibalm\j\b\i of troubled minds'.
\Bbalmy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of weather) mild or warm.
\CX12.\j\b\i fragrant or healing. \Bbalmily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbalminess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ibalsamum\j\b\i balsam
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\Hbaloney\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any nonsense or stupid assertion.
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\Hbalsa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bawl\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a tropical, South American tree with extremely light soft wood, used for timber in rafts, life-preservers, model aircraft, etc. Spanish
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\Hbalsam\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bawl\j\b\is'm \Pnoun\p any of various secretions from plants, used as a balm.
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\Hbalustrade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ball\j\b\ia-strade \Pnoun\p a series of upright supports (called \Bbalusters\j\b\i), joined at the top by a rail, as in a stone balcony, etc. Greek \Ibalaustion\j\b\i the pomegranate flower, because a baluster supposedly resembles it in shape
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\Hbamboo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bbamboos\j\b\i
any of a group of tropical, woody grasses with long, hollow, jointed stems up to 10 m or more in height. Malay
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\Hbamboozle\h
\Pverb\p a) to trick or deceive: 'the cardsharp \Ibamboozled\j\b\i the other players out of $10 000'. b) to puzzle or mystify: 'I was completely \Ibamboozled\j\b\i by the time he'd finished explaining it to me'.
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\Hban\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbanned\j\b\i, \Bbanning\j\b\i)
to prohibit: 'I can't see why that book was \Ibanned\j\b\i'.
\Bban\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an official order or prohibition: 'there is a \Iban\j\b\i on fires in the open today'. Old English \Ibannan\j\b\i to summon
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\Hbanal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1nahl\j\b\i \Padjective\p hackneyed, ordinary or trivial: 'a \Ibanal\j\b\i conversation about the weather'. \Bbanally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbanality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being banal, b) something which is banal. French
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\Hbanana\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1nah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a finger-shaped, tropical fruit with a yellow skin, growing in bunches called hands. Spanish
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\Hbanana republic\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a country, especially a tropical one,which is regarded as economically and politically unstable.
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\Hband (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people acting together: 'a small \Iband\j\b\i of soldiers led the expedition'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a group of musicians playing brass and percussion instruments: 'a Salvation Army \IBand\j\b\i'. b) a pop group. \Bband\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to unite or join together; \Bbandsman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a musician who plays in a brass band.
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\Hband (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat strip of any material for binding, trimming, etc.: 'the box was strengthened with metal \Ibands\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a broad stripe crossing any surface: 'the fish had \Ibands\j\b\i of red and silver'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i See \Jwaveband\j\b\i. \Bband\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to stripe or mark with bands.
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\Hbandage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ban\j\b\idij \Pnoun\p a strip of fabric, etc. used to bind a wound. \Bbandage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbandaid\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) being short-term and not thorough.
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\Hbandanna\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbandana\j\b\i
a large, coloured handkerchief or cotton scarf.
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\Hbandicoot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of rat-like Australian marsupials with long pointed snouts.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various large rats found in south-east Asia. Hindi
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\Hbandit\h
\Pnoun\p a robber or outlaw. Italian \Ibandito\j\b\i outlawed or banished
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\Hbandoleer\h
\Isay\j\b\i banda-\CX1leer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbandolier\j\b\i
\IMilitary:\j\b\i a belt worn over one shoulder and fitted with small loops for carrying cartridges.
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\Hbandsaw\h
\Pnoun\p a saw consisting of an endless metal band with one cutting edge, usually turned by a motor.
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\Hbandsman\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jband (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hbandwagon\h
\Pnoun\p a wagon carrying a musical band at the head of a procession.
\Bclimb, jump on the bandwagon\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to follow or join a popular movement, fashion, etc. because it appears likely to succeed.
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\Hbandwidth\h
\Pnoun\p (of telecommunications) the range between highest and lowest frequencies, as expressed in hertz, of a particular waveband.
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\Hbandy\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbandied\j\b\i, \Bbandying\j\b\i)
to pass back and forth: a) 'don't \Ibandy\j\b\i words with me'; b) 'the story was \Ibandied\j\b\i about but she didn't believe it'.
\Bbandy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\Hbandy-legged\h
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bandy-legged \Padjective\p having the legs curved outwards at the knees.
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\Hbane\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for poison.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which causes ruin or death: 'gambling is the \Ibane\j\b\i of my life'. \Bbaneful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbanefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbanefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbang (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden loud noise.
\CX12.\j\b\i any violent blow or knock: 'a nasty \Ibang\j\b\i on the head'.
\Bbang-on\j\b\i, absolutely accurate. \Bbang\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbang\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, with a bang.
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\Hbang (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a fringe of hair cut straight across the forehead.
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\Hbanger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sausage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bunger.
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\Hbangle\h
\Pnoun\p an ornamental band or chain without a clasp, worn around the arm or ankle. Hindi \Ibangri\j\b\i a glass bracelet
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\Hbanish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to send a person into exile.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put or drive something away: 'to \Ibanish\j\b\i fear'. \Bbanishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbanister\h
\Pnoun\p bannister \CX11.\j\b\i one of the supports of a stair rail.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a stair rail with its supports.
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\Hbanjo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bbanjos\j\b\i or \Bbanjoes\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a fretted, stringed instrument with a circular soundbox, plucked with fingers or a plectrum. Greek \Ipandoura\j\b\i a three-stringed lute
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\Hbank (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any slope or piled mass: a) 'the river has steep \Ibanks\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Ibank\j\b\i of clouds hid the sun'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a raised portion of the sea-floor, a riverbed, etc.
\Bbank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to form into a bank: 'the earth is \Ibanked\j\b\i up near the construction site'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tilt an aircraft laterally in flight.
\Bbank up\j\b\i, 'because of the accident, traffic in all lanes was \Ibanked up\j\b\i as far as the bridge' (= immobilised).
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\Hbank (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i an organisation whose business is the safekeeping of money and valuables, lending and borrowing money, and in some cases issuing and exchanging foreign money.
\CX12.\j\b\i any storage place, such as a blood bank.
\CX13.\j\b\i any reserve or fund to or from which money may be paid, as in various card or gambling games.
\Bbank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to deposit in a bank: 'I \Ibanked\j\b\i the cheque'.
\Bbank on\j\b\i, 'we are \Ibanking on\j\b\i you to do a good job' (= relying on). \Bbanker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who directs the business of a bank, b) a person in charge of the bank in card games, etc.; \Bbankable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be processed by a bank, b) (of an amount of money) large.
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\Hbank (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a set of objects arranged in a line: 'a \Ibank\j\b\i of spotlights'.
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\Hbank account\h
short form is \Baccount\j\b\i
the money kept by a customer at a bank, from which withdrawals may be made in cash or by cheque (called a \Bcurrent account\j\b\i), and in which deposits may be added to obtain interest (called a \Bdeposit account\j\b\i).
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\HBankcard\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a credit card issued by a bank and usable in many shops, restaurants, etc.
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\Hbank-draft\h
\Pnoun\p \ICommerce:\j\b\i a) a bill of exchange for use in international trade. b) a written order for the payment of a sum of money.
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\Hbanknote\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of paper money.
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\Hbankrupt\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a person who cannot pay his or her debts and whose possessions are given to a trustee to be distributed among the people to whom money is owed.
\Bbankrupt\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) being subject to legal proceedings because of an inability to pay one's debts. b) legally declared a bankrupt.
\CX12.\j\b\i destitute: 'you are morally \Ibankrupt\j\b\i'. \Bbankrupt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make bankrupt; \Bbankruptcy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bank\j\b\irup-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being bankrupt. \Bbank (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Iruptus\j\b\i broken
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\Hbanksia\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of Australian trees or shrubs with large orange or brown flower heads which are rich in nectar. after \ISir Joseph Banks\j\b\i, 1743-1820, a British botanist
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\Hbanner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flag, especially of a country, army, etc.: 'the star-spangled \Ibanner\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of cloth, etc. held up on a pole in a procession.
\CX13.\j\b\i a headline in a newspaper which extends the full width of the page.
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\Hbannister\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbanister\j\b\i.
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\Hbanns\h
plural \Pnoun\p an announcement made in a church on three successive Sundays, declaring that two people intend to be married, so that any legal objection to the marriage may be made known. the old plural of \Iban\j\b\i
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\Hbanquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bang\j\b\i-kwit \Pnoun\p a feast or ceremonial public dinner. \Bbanquet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbanshee\h
\Pnoun\p (in Scottish and Irish mythology) a supernatural being, believed to wail around a house if someone is about to die. Irish \Ibean sidhe\j\b\i a woman of the fairies
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\Hbantam\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ban\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p a small domestic fowl, the male having brightly coloured feathers. probably from \IBantam\j\b\i, Indonesia
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\Hbantamweight\h
\Pnoun\p a weight division in boxing, equal to about 54 kg.
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\Hbanter\h
\Pnoun\p any playfully teasing or mocking talk. \Bbanter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbanteringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HBantu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ban\j\b\itoo \Pnoun\p a) a widespread group of languages in southern Africa, including Swahili, Xhosa and Zulu. b) the large group of Negroid peoples speaking these languages. Bantu, people \Bbantu\j\b\i words that have come into English include chimpanzee, tsetse and zombie.
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\Hbanyan\h
\Pnoun\p banian an Indian fig tree whose branches send down roots which develop into new trunks. Sanskrit, a trader
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\Hbaobab\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-o-bab \Pnoun\p a large African tree with a very thick trunk.
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\Hbaptism\h
\Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a ritual washing or bath, especially as a sign of spiritual rebirth, purification or initiation.
\Bbaptism of fire\j\b\i, a) a soldier's first experience of battle; b) any severe or crucial test.
\Bbaptise, baptize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
also called to \Bchristen\j\b\i
to perform the ritual of baptism. \Bbaptismal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bap-\CX1tiz\j\b\im'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbaptismally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ibaptizein\j\b\i to dip
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\HBaptist\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a member of any Protestant sect teaching that only adult believers should be baptised.
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\Hbar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of some solid material, usually longer than it is wide: a) 'the \Ibars\j\b\i of a railing'; b) 'a \Ibar\j\b\i of chocolate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any barrier or obstruction: a) 'conservative attitudes are a \Ibar\j\b\i to reform'; b) 'the trawler ran aground on a \Isandbar\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a stripe or band: 'a \Ibar\j\b\i of colour'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a group of beats, of which the first usually has an accent, marked off from similar groups of beats. b) the line dividing such groups. Short form of \Bbar line\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) a counter where drinks, food or other goods are served. b) a room or small establishment where alcohol is served.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the railing in a courtroom separating the general public from the judge, jury, lawyers, etc. b) the place in a courtroom where prisoners stand to plead or hear sentence. c) all practising barristers.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has been called to the \Ibar\j\b\i' (= admitted as a barrister).
\CX17.\j\b\i any forum or tribunal: 'you must put your case before the \Ibar\j\b\i of public opinion'.
\CX18.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a metric unit of pressure, equal to 10{\up6 5\j\b\i pascals.
\Bbar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbarred\j\b\i, \Bbarring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten or shut with or as if with a bar: 'don't forget to \Ibar\j\b\i the gate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to block, prohibit or obstruct: a) 'police \Ibarred\j\b\i access to the building'; b) 'he \Ibarred\j\b\i any discussion of politics'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to exclude: 'he must be the biggest idiot in the place, \Ibarring\j\b\i none'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to mark with stripes or bands: 'the sunset \Ibarred\j\b\i the clouds with colour'. \Bbar\j\b\i, \Ipreposition\j\b\i, except or omitting.
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\Hbarb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sharp backward point at the end of a fishhook, harpoon, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sharp or cutting remark: '\Ibarbs\j\b\i or taunts rarely anger her'. \Bbarb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ibarba\j\b\i a beard
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\Hbarbarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i bar-\CX1bair\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a person who is crude, coarse, brutal or uncivilised.
any brutal or cruel behaviour: 'the development of modern weapons is sheer \Ibarbarity\j\b\i'. \Bbarbarian\j\b\i, \Bbarbaric\j\b\i, \Bbarbarous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bbarbarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbarbarically\j\b\i, \Bbarbarously\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bbarbarise\j\b\i, \Bbarbarize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ibarbaros\j\b\i foreign, having unintelligible speech \Bbarbaric, barbarous\j\b\i and \Bbarbarian\j\b\i all mean uncivilised but \Ibarbaric\j\b\i suggests crudeness or wildness, especially in taste or manner: 'the symphony had a \Ibarbaric\j\b\i grandeur'; \Ibarbarous\j\b\i stresses cruelty or brutality: 'the \Ibarbarous\j\b\i practice of torturing prisoners'; and \Ibarbarian\j\b\i is more neutral in tone: '\Ibarbarian\j\b\i tribes which were led by Genghis Khan'.
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\Hbarbecue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bar\j\b\iba-kew \Pnoun\p a) an outdoor meal at which meat is grilled. b) the structure or device on which the meat is grilled. \Bbarbecue\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Haitian
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\Hbarbed wire\h
a type of wire with barbs at intervals, used for fences.
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\Hbarbell\h
\Pnoun\p a steel bar about 2 m long, with weighted discs attached to each end, and used in weight-lifting.
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\Hbarber\h
\Pnoun\p a person who cuts, shaves or dresses hair as a trade. \Bbarber\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ibarba\j\b\i a beard
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\Hbarbiturate\h
\Isay\j\b\i bar-\CX1bit\j\b\i-yoorit \Pnoun\p any of a group of drugs used as sedatives.
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\Hbar code\h
\Pnoun\p a machine-readable symbol consisting of a series of stripes used for product identification. \Bbar coding\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbard\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a poet or singer.
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\Hbare\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i plain, empty or without covering; a) 'you shouldn't drive with \Ibare\j\b\i feet'; b) 'the room was \Ibare\j\b\i except for the table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i just sufficient: 'as a writer he earned a \Ibare\j\b\i living'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ibare\j\b\i facts' (= unadorned). \Bbare\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make bare; \Bbarely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, only, just or not quite; \Bbareness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbareback\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p (of riding horses, etc.) without a saddle.
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\Hbarefaced\h
\Padjective\p shameless or insolent: 'he told a \Ibarefaced\j\b\i lie'.
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\Hbargain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bar\j\b\igen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an agreement between two parties about how a transaction is to be conducted, especially with regard to buying and selling.
\CX12.\j\b\i an item bought or offered for sale at a low price: 'there are always good \Ibargains\j\b\i in the shops after Christmas'.
\Binto the bargain\j\b\i, 'she tripped and broke her watch \Iinto the bargain\j\b\i' (= in addition).
\Bbargain\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to arrive at an agreement, especially by haggling: 'she enjoys \Ibargaining\j\b\i with the greengrocer'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbargain for\j\b\i, 'the strong competition was more than he \Ibargained for\j\b\i' (= expected).
\Bbargain on\j\b\i, 'can I \Ibargain on\j\b\i you getting there on time?' (= rely on).
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\Hbarge\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i large \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat-bottomed boat, sometimes without an engine, used for loading and unloading ships, or for transporting goods.
\CX12.\j\b\i a boat set aside for the use of high-ranking naval officers, such as admirals.
\Bbarge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to move clumsily or heavily.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to rush in or intrude: 'don't \Ibarge\j\b\i into the room without knocking'. Greek \Ibaris\j\b\i an Egyptian boat
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\Hbaritone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1barr\j\b\ii-tone \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the male singing voice between tenor and bass. b) any instrument having this range. Greek \Ibarys\j\b\i deep + \Itonos\j\b\i tone
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\Hbarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bair\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p element number 56, a soft, poisonous metal. Its compounds are used in making glass and fireworks, and in medicine. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i.
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\Hbarium meal\h
barium sulfate fed to a patient so that any obstruction in the intestines will show up on an X-ray photograph.
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\Hbark (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the harsh, abrupt sound made by a dog or other animal.
\Bbark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make the harsh, abrupt sound of a dog or other animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak sharply or gruffly: 'the general \Ibarked\j\b\i out his orders'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attract customers at the entrance of a cheap show by proclaiming its attractions. \Bbarker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbark (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the outer covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.
\Bbark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove the bark from a tree.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ibarked\j\b\i his shins on that chair' (= scraped, skinned).
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\Hbark (3)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbarque\j\b\i.
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\Hbarley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bar\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p a cereal plant used as food and in making malt and beer.
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\Hbarley sugar\h
a sweet made from sugar boiled until it is hard and brittle.
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\Hbarmaid\h
\Pnoun\p a woman who serves drinks in a bar. \Bbarman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a man who serves drinks in a bar.
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\Hbarmitzvah\h
\Isay\j\b\i bar-\CX1mits\j\b\i-vah \Pnoun\p a) a Jewish boy of thirteen who assumes adult status by taking on moral and religious responsibilities. b) the service and celebration associated with this. Compare \Jbatmitzvah\j\b\i. Hebrew \Ibar mitzvah\j\b\i son of the commandment
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\Hbarmy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) silly, stupid or mad. from \Ibarm\j\b\i, a froth which forms on the top of fermenting malt liquors
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\Hbarn\h
\Pnoun\p a) a simple farm building used to store hay, keep livestock, etc. b) a large shop, usually with small staff. Old English \Ibere\j\b\i barley + \Iaern\j\b\i house
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\Hbarnacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bar\j\b\ina-k'l \Pnoun\p a small marine shellfish which clings firmly to rocks, floating timber and the bottoms of ships.
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\Hbarney\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an argument.
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\Hbarnstorm\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to travel in country areas making speeches in a political campaign, etc. \Bbarnstormer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbarometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1romm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which indicates change: 'opinion polls are not true \Ibarometers\j\b\i of public opinion'. \Bbarometric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i barra-\CX1met\j\b\irik), \Bbarometrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ibaros\j\b\i weight + \Bmeter\j\b\i
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\Hbaron\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feudal lord who held power and lands under the authority of the monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a nobleman ranking below a viscount, occupying the lowest rank of the peerage.
\CX13.\j\b\i a magnate or powerful person in industry or big business. \Bbaroness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of baron, b) the wife of a baron; \Bbaronial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1ro\j\b\i-nee-al), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbaronet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1barr\j\b\ia-net \Pnoun\p a member of the lowest hereditary titled British order. \Bbaronetcy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1barr\j\b\ia-net-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, the rank of a baronet.
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\Hbaroque\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1roke\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i ba-\CX1rok\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a) a style of art and architecture developed in Europe during the 17th century, characterised by bold and contorted forms, exaggeration and theatrical effects. b) the ornate style characteristic of some 17th century music. \Bbaroque\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, overwrought, florid or extravagantly ornamental in style. Portuguese \Ibarroco\j\b\i an irregular pearl
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\Hbarouche\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1roosh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an open, four-wheeled carriage, with two seats facing each other and a hood over the back seat. Latin \Ibirotus\j\b\i two-wheeled
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\Hbarque\h
\Isay\j\b\i bark \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbark\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a sailing vessel with three or more masts, having square sails on all but the mast furthest to the stern.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for any boat or sailing vessel. Latin \Ibarca\j\b\i a boat
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\Hbarrack (1)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a large building or group of buildings, used as living quarters for soldiers. \Bbarrack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Ibaracca\j\b\i a soldier's tent
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\Hbarrack (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i to support or cheer: 'which team do you \Ibarrack\j\b\i for?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i to shout against or jeer at, especially a sporting team. \Bbarracker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Aboriginal \Iborak\j\b\i banter
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\Hbarracouta\h
\Isay\j\b\i barra-\CX1koo\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a fish similar, but unrelated, to the barracuda, found in the Southern Hemisphere, usually with long needle-like teeth.
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\Hbarracuda\h
\Isay\j\b\i barra-\CX1koo\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p any of a group of savage fast-swimming fish, found in the West Indies, and usually with one sharp tooth near the tip of the lower jaw. Spanish
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\Hbarrage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1barr\j\b\iah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a concentration of artillery fire.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Prime Minister faced a \Ibarrage\j\b\i of questions at the news conference' (= overwhelming number).
\CX12.\j\b\i an artificial barrier in a river, etc. to regulate the flow of water.
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\Hbarramundi\h
\Isay\j\b\i barra-\CX1mun\j\b\i-dee \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, edible Australian fish.
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\Hbarrel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large cylindrical container with flat ends, made of curved wooden strips bound together with hoops.
\CX12.\j\b\i the tube-like part of a gun through which a projectile is discharged.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various units of volume for liquids, such as an oil barrel, in Australia equal to about 159 litres.
\CX14.\j\b\i the part of a lock into which a key is inserted.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bover a barrel\j\b\i, 'we've got him \Iover a barrel\j\b\i' (= at our mercy).
\Bscrape the barrel\j\b\i, 'they must have \Iscraped the barrel\j\b\i before they made him treasurer' (= tried everyone else first).
\Bbarrel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbarrelled\j\b\i, \Bbarrelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put in a barrel.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to move fast.
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\Hbarrel organ\h
a hand-turned musical instrument in which pins projecting from a rotating barrel work a small row of organ pipes to produce a tune.
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\Hbarren\h
\Padjective\p sterile or unfruitful: 'the country is dry and \Ibarren\j\b\i'.
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\Hbarricade\h
\Pnoun\p a temporary barrier or obstruction, usually across a street. \Bbarricade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to obstruct, enclose or defend with or as if with a barricade. Spanish \Ibarrica\j\b\i a cask
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\Hbarrier\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which obstructs or restrains: a) 'police installed \Ibarriers\j\b\i to control the crowd'; b) 'the Blue Mountains were the \Ibarrier\j\b\i which delayed exploration'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which separates: 'a language \Ibarrier\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i the bar or framework behind which the horses are placed just before a race, to ensure an even start.
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\Hbarrier reef\h
See \Jreef (1)\j\b\i
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\Hbarrister\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a lawyer who is permitted to practise as advocate in the higher courts, such as the Supreme Court. Compare \Jsolicitor\j\b\i
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\Hbarrow (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various handcarts, such as a wheelbarrow, or a street cart where vegetables, fruit, etc. are sold.
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\Hbarrow (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a mound of earth or stones built over a grave, usually dating from prehistoric times.
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\Hbarrow (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a castrated male pig.
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\Hbar sinister\h
\IHeraldry:\j\b\i a band running from the top left to the bottom right of a shield (instead of from right to left), a sign of bastardy.
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\Hbarter\h
\Pverb\p to trade goods in return for other goods rather than for money: 'the farmer \Ibartered\j\b\i her best horse for ten cattle'. \Bbarter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbasalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bass\j\b\i-olt \Pnoun\p also called \Bbluestone\j\b\i
a basic, dark-coloured igneous rock with small, even grains, formed by the rapid cooling of lava on the earth's surface, and used mainly for buildings and road metal. \Bbasaltic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1sol\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ibasaltes\j\b\i a touchstone
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\Hbase (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the bottom part of something, especially the part which provides physical support: 'a vase with a narrow \Ibase\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fundamental part: 'the \Ibase\j\b\i of this soup is meat'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i any of the four fixed stations around which the player must run.
\CX14.\j\b\i any place from which work, operations, etc. proceed and where equipment, etc. is located: 'a military \Ibase\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the line or surface on which a figure stands. b) See \Jlogarithm\j\b\i. c) the number which, when raised to various powers, forms the main counting units of a system. See \Jbinary number system\j\b\i.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any substance which liberates hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water.
\IExample:\j\b\i calcium hydroxide dissociates in aqueous solution to form one calcium ion (Ca{\up6 2+\j\b\i) and two hydroxyl ions ((OH){\up6 -\j\b\i). Compare \Jacid\j\b\i.
\Bbase\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to establish or build upon: 'his theory is \Ibased\j\b\i on careful research'. \Bbaseless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having no base or support. Greek \Ibasis\j\b\i a step or pedestal \Bbase (1), basis\j\b\i have different but related meanings. \IBase\j\b\i can mean a) the bottom part of something, especially the part that supplies physical support: 'a concrete \Ibase\j\b\i for a brick structure'; and b) the main physical component of something: 'tomatoes are the \Ibase\j\b\i of this soup'. \IBasis\j\b\i often refers to the main or fundamental principle of something: 'the \Ibasis\j\b\i of an argument'. In short, \Ibasis\j\b\i is more concerned with the world of ideas than with the physical world.
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\Hbase (2)\h
\Padjective\p low or contemptible: 'a \Ibase\j\b\i crime'. \Bbasely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbaseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbaseball\h
\Pnoun\p a) a ballgame played between two teams of nine on a diamond formed by four bases. Having hit the ball, the striker tries to score by running round the four bases before the ball is thrown home. b) the ball used.
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\Hbase hospital\h
a regional, country hospital.
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\Hbaseline\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bservice line\j\b\i
\ITennis:\j\b\i the boundary line at each end of the court, behind which a player must stand when serving.
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\Hbasement\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest level of a building, usually below ground level: 'many large stores have a bargain \Ibasement\j\b\i'.
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\Hbases\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-seez plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bbasis\j\b\i.
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\Hbash\h
\Pverb\p to strike violently.
\Bbash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a crushing blow.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a try: 'Tim will have a \Ibash\j\b\i at anything'.
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\Hbasher\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who constantly criticises a particular institution or issue.
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\Hbashful\h
\Padjective\p timid or easily embarrassed. \Bbashfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbashfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. same origin as \Iabash\j\b\i
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\Hbasic (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-sik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i essential: 'the \Ibasic\j\b\i principles of chess are easy to learn'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i of, relating to or having the properties of a base. \Bbasically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, essentially.
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\Hbasic (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a widely used language with many applications. from \Bb\j\b\i(eginners) \Ba\j\b\i(ll) \Bs\j\b\i(ymbolic) \Bi\j\b\i(nstruction) \Bc\j\b\i(ode)
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\Hbasil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bazz\j\b\iil \Pnoun\p an aromatic herb used in cooking. Greek \Ibasilikos\j\b\i royal
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\Hbasilica\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1sill\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i an oblong church with colonnades, a wide nave, side aisles, and an apse at one end. Greek \IbasilikΘ\j\b\i royal (palace)
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\Hbasilisk\h
\Padjective\p \IMythology:\j\b\i of a reptile whose look and breath were fatal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she responded with a \Ibasilisk\j\b\i stare' (= cold and hostile).
\Bbasilisk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small American lizard. Greek \Ibasileus\j\b\i king (of reptiles)
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\Hbasin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\isin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a deep, round container with sloping sides, used to hold liquids. b) any similar vessel for mixing, cooking, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i an area in which the strata dip from all directions towards a common central point.
a \Briver basin\j\b\i is the area drained by a river and its tributaries.
a \Btidal basin\j\b\i is a basin in which the water-level rises and falls with the tide.
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\Hbasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbases\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-seez)
the foundation or fundamental principle, constituent, etc. of something: 'the \Ibasis\j\b\i of my argument is this'. Greek, a step or pedestal See \Jbase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hbask\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ask \Pverb\p to enjoy a pleasant warmth: a) 'he longed to \Ibask\j\b\i in the sun'; b) 'we have always \Ibasked\j\b\i in her approval'.
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\Hbasket\h
\Pnoun\p a) a container, usually with handles, made of woven reeds, straw, twigs, etc. b) anything which has the shape or function of a basket, such as the net in basketball. \Bbasketry\j\b\i, \Bbasketwork\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hbasketball\h
\Pnoun\p a) a game played on a rectangular court between two teams of five, six or seven players. The aim is to throw an inflated leather ball through the basket suspended from an iron ring at either end of the court. b) the ball used in this game. Compare \Jnetball\j\b\i.
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\HBasque\h
\Isay\j\b\i barsk \Pnoun\p a) any of a people living in the Pyrenees between Spain and France. b) their language, which is not related to any other European language.
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\Hbas-relief\h
\Isay\j\b\i bar-re-\CX1leef\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any sculpture in low relief. Italian \Ibasso relievo\j\b\i low relief
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\Hbass (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i base \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i deep-sounding or low in pitch: a) 'a rich \Ibass\j\b\i voice'; b) 'a \Ibass\j\b\i guitar'.
\Bbass\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the lowest, male singing voice. b) any instrument having this range.
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\Hbass (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i bass \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbass\j\b\i or \Bbasses\j\b\i
any of a group of marine or freshwater fish, related to the perch.
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\Hbass clef\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jclef\j\b\i.
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\Hbasset hound\h
one of a breed of medium-sized hounds with short legs, originally used to hunt small animals. French \Ibas\j\b\i low
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\Hbassinet\h
\Pnoun\p a basket, sometimes with a hood, used as a baby's cradle. French \Ibassin\j\b\i a basin
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\Hbassoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1soon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a double-reed wind instrument with a deep rich tone, made from a long wooden tube which doubles back on itself. \Bbassoonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Italian
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\Hbast\h
\Pnoun\p a fibrous plant material used in making matting.
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\Hbastard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bah\j\b\ist'd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a child whose parents were not married at the time of his or her birth.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is inferior or spurious.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person who is selfish or unscrupulous. b) any person: 'the poor \Ibastard\j\b\i got the flu'.
\Bbastardise, bastardize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an old word meaning to declare or prove someone a bastard.
\CX12.\j\b\i to debase or corrupt.
\CX13.\j\b\i to subject to cruel horseplay.
\Bbastard\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i non-standard.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a file) having coarse teeth for cutting metal. \Bbastardisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbastardy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being a bastard; \Bbastardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbaste (1)\h
\Pverb\p \ICooking:\j\b\i to pour liquid, especially melted fat, over meat which is being roasted.
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\Hbaste (2)\h
\Pverb\p \INeedlework:\j\b\i See \Jtack\j\b\i.
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\Hbaste (3)\h
\Pverb\p a) to thrash or beat. b) to denounce or berate: 'the press \Ibasted\j\b\i the Foreign Minister for his policies'.
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\Hbastinado\h
\Isay\j\b\i basti-\CX1nay\j\b\ido \Pverb\p to torture by beating the soles of the feet. \Bbastinado\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \Ibaston\j\b\i stick
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\Hbastion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bast\j\b\ii-on \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a protecting part of a rampart in a fortification.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that provides strong defence or support: 'they consider themselves \Ibastions\j\b\i of democracy'. Italian \Ibastione\j\b\i bulwark
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\Hbat (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various implements, usually wooden, used to hit the ball in games such as cricket, baseball, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a person batting, or chosen to bat.
\IPhrases\j\b\i
\Bat a bat\j\b\i, 'the get-away car roared off \Iat a bat\j\b\i' (= very fast).
\Boff one's own bat\j\b\i, independently or without assistance.
\Bbat\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbatted\j\b\i, \Bbatting\j\b\i)
to hit the ball with a bat, as in table tennis or cricket.
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\Hbat (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various flying mammals with membranes joining the front and hind legs to form wings.
\Bbats in the belfry\j\b\i, 'he has \Ibats in the belfry\j\b\i' (= mad or crazy ideas). \Bbats\j\b\i, \Bbatty\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, (informal) mad.
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\Hbat (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbatted\j\b\i, \Bbatting\j\b\i)
to blink: 'she admitted lying without \Ibatting\j\b\i an eye'.
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\Hbatch (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a number of things together: 'a \Ibatch\j\b\i of scones'. Old English \Ibacan\j\b\i to bake
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\Hbatch (2)\h
\Pverb\p also spelt \Bbach\j\b\i
to live as a bachelor or keep house alone: 'he had to \Ibatch\j\b\i while his wife was in hospital'.
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\Hbate\h
\Pverb\p to lessen.
\Bwith bated breath\j\b\i, 'she waited for the decision \Iwith bated breath\j\b\i' (= breathlessly). from \Babate\j\b\i
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\Hbath\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i path \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any washing of the body, especially by putting it in water.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large vessel containing water in which one sits to wash.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a public swimming pool.
\CX14.\j\b\i a preparation in which something is immersed: 'the printing plates were placed in an acid \Ibath\j\b\i'. \Bbath\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to immerse or wash in liquid: a) '\Ibathe\j\b\i the wound with antiseptic'; b) 'her eyes were \Ibathed\j\b\i with tears'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the street was \Ibathed\j\b\i in sunlight' (= covered, enveloped).
\CX12.\j\b\i to swim in the sea, a river, lake, etc. \Bbathe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbather\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who swims or is swimming.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the small, light clothes worn for swimming. Also called a \Bbathing suit\j\b\i, a \Bswimsuit\j\b\i or \Btogs\j\b\i.
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\Hbathos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\ithos \Pnoun\p a sudden change of mood or tone from dignity or intensity to an absurd anticlimax, especially in literature. Compare \Jpathos\j\b\i. \Bbathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek, depth
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\Hbathroom\h
\Pnoun\p a room for washing in, usually having a basin, shower, bath, etc.
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\Hbathysphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bath\j\b\ia-sfeer \Pnoun\p a spherical device from which marine life, etc. may be observed in deep-sea diving. Greek \Ibathys\j\b\i deep + \Bsphere\j\b\i
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\Hbatik\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bar\j\b\itik \Ior\j\b\i \CX1batt\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p battik a) a method of printing on fabric using wax and dyes to make a pattern. b) a fabric printed in this way. Malay
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\Hbatiste\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1teest\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a delicate cotton fabric with a plain weave. after \IJean Baptiste\j\b\i of Cambrai, France, who first made it
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\Hbatman\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a soldier acting as an officer's servant. from \Ibat\j\b\i, an old word for a pack-saddle + \Bman\j\b\i
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\Hbatmitzvah\h
\Isay\j\b\i bart-\CX1mits\j\b\i-vah \Pnoun\p a barmitzvah for a girl.
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\Hbaton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1batt\j\b\ion \Pnoun\p a short stick or rod: 'the conductor raised her \Ibaton\j\b\i and the orchestra began to play'.
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\Hbats\h
\Padjective\p See \Jbat (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbatsman\h
\Pnoun\p \ICricket:\j\b\i the player using the bat.
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\Hbatt\h
\Pnoun\p a thick rectangular piece of matted insulating material.
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\Hbattalion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1tal\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a basic infantry unit consisting of several companies.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large group. Italian \Ibattaglia\j\b\i a battle
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\Hbatten (1)\h
\Pverb\p to prosper or grow fat, especially at the expense of others: 'the landlord \Ibattened\j\b\i on his unfortunate tenants'.
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\Hbatten (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a thin strip of wood or plastic slipped into a sail to keep it flat.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light strip of wood for fastening or joining items such as fence wires.
\Bbatten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bbatten down\j\b\i, to fasten a ship's hatches with battens.
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\Hbatter (1)\h
\Pverb\p to damage by repeatedly striking or beating: 'the ship was \Ibattered\j\b\i against the rocks'.
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\Hbatter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a beaten mixture of water or milk with flour, eggs, etc. used to coat foods for frying, make pancakes, etc.
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\Hbatter (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i the player using the bat in a game of baseball, softball, etc.
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\Hbattering ram\h
a long, heavy beam, formerly used as a weapon for breaking down walls or gates.
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\Hbattery\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a group of cells connected together in order to produce a higher electric current or voltage.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i a set of similar machines or parts: 'a \Ibattery\j\b\i of printing presses'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a group of guns on a warship.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a) a tactical unit of artillery, equivalent to an infantry company. b) a platform or other structure supporting guns.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i an attack on a person by striking or wounding: 'he was charged with assault and \Ibattery\j\b\i'.
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\Hbattery hen\h
a hen kept with its fellows in a battery of cages and mechanically fed throughout its life, to promote high egg production. Compare \Jfree-range hen\j\b\i.
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\Hbatting\h
\Pnoun\p any cotton or wool fibre padded together and used to fill bed covers, etc.
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\Hbattle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fight, especially between organised forces.
\CX12.\j\b\i any struggle: 'the \Ibattle\j\b\i against poverty'. \Bbattle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbattler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who battles or struggles against adversity, often unsuccessfully. Latin \Ibattuere\j\b\i to strike
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\Hbattleaxe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, broad-headed axe, formerly used as a weapon.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a domineering woman.
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\Hbattledress\h
\Pnoun\p the uniform worn by soldiers.
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\Hbattle fatigue\h
See \Jcombat fatigue\j\b\i.
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\Hbattlefield\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbattleground\j\b\i
the place where a battle is or was fought.
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\Hbattlement\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the upper edge of a wall containing a series of openings and used for defence.
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\Hbattle royal\h
a hard, determined battle or argument.
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\Hbattleship\h
\Pnoun\p any of a class of the most powerful and heavily armoured warships.
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\Hbatty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jbat (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbauble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1baw\j\b\ib'l \Pnoun\p a pretty but worthless object.
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\Hbaud\h
\Isay\j\b\i bawd \Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a unit of measurement of the speed at which data is given to a computer.
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\Hbaulk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i walk \Pverb\p to balk.
\Bbaulk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the area of a billiards table at and behind the place from which opening shots are made.
\CX12.\j\b\i a balk.
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\Hbauxite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bork\j\b\i-site \Pnoun\p the main ore of aluminium, being a rock composed mainly of aluminium oxide or hydroxide. from \ILes Baux\j\b\i, France, where first found
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\Hbawdy\h
\Padjective\p crudely or coarsely humorous: 'a \Ibawdy\j\b\i joke'. \Bbawdily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbawdiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbawd\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a female pimp; \Bbawdry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, obscene language or behaviour.
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\Hbawl\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to shout or yell out loudly: 'she \Ibawled\j\b\i out my name from across the street'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cry or sob noisily: 'the small child stamped her foot and \Ibawled\j\b\i'.
\Bbawl out\j\b\i, 'she was \Ibawled out\j\b\i for cheating' (= scolded severely). \Bbawl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ibaulare\j\b\i to bark
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\Hbay (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a body of water almost enclosed by land but opening to the sea.
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\Hbay (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i the part of a wall between two columns or arches.
\CX12.\j\b\i a recess or area set back or apart from another: 'a parking \Ibay\j\b\i'.
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\Hbay (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a deep, drawn-out bark, such as that made by hounds when hunting.
\CX12.\j\b\i the defiant stand made by a hunted animal, person, etc. when cornered.
\IPhrases\j\b\i
\Bbring to bay\j\b\i, 'the criminal was finally \Ibrought to bay\j\b\i' (= forced into a last stand).
\Bhold\j\b\i, \Bkeep at bay\j\b\i, 'this medicine will \Ihold\j\b\i the pain \Iat bay\j\b\i' (= keep at a distance). \Bbay\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (of a hound) to utter a bay.
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\Hbay (4)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various European or West Indian trees related to the laurel.
\Bbay leaf\j\b\i
the dried leaf of a bay tree, used as a herb in cooking.
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\Hbay (5)\h
\Pnoun\p a dark brown horse, usually with a black mane and tail.
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\Hbayonet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bay\j\b\i-o-net \Pnoun\p a sharp blade attached to the end of a rifle, used to stab or slash. \Bbayonet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbayou\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a small, marshy tributary of a lake or river. American Indian \Ibayuk\j\b\i a small stream
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\Hbay window\h
also called a \Bbow\j\b\i \Bwindow\j\b\i
a window projecting from a building.
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\Hbazaar\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1zar\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an Eastern marketplace or street of shops.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any place or shop where miscellaneous objects are sold, often to aid a charity. b) any sale of such goods. Persian
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\Hbazooka\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1zoo\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p a portable rocket-launcher firing a small, armour-piercing rocket, used by infantry against tanks. American slang \Ibazoo\j\b\i mouth
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\Hbe\h
\Pverb\p (I \Bam\j\b\i; he, she, it \Bis\j\b\i; we, you, they \Bare\j\b\i; I, he, she, it \Bwas\j\b\i; we, you, they \Bwere\j\b\i; \Bbeen\j\b\i, \Bbeing\j\b\i; \Iold forms:\j\b\i thou \Bart\j\b\i; thou \Bwast\j\b\i or \Bwert\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to exist or live.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take place or occur: 'when \Iis\j\b\i your birthday?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to become: 'what will you \Ibe\j\b\i when you grow up?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i special use joining subject and predicate:
a) 'you \Iare\j\b\i late.'
b) 'today \Iis\j\b\i Wednesday'.
\CX15.\j\b\i special use with other \Pverb\ps to form present continuous, past and future tenses and the passive voice:
a) 'he \Iis\j\b\i playing outside'.
b) 'you \Iwere\j\b\i walking too fast'.
c) 'she \Iis\j\b\i coming later'.
'we \Iwere\j\b\i left alone'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i \Bbe-all and end-all\j\b\i, 'to win the championship was the \Ibe-all and end-all\j\b\i of his hopes' (= the highest aim).
\Bfor the time being\j\b\i, 'let us finish here \Ifor the time being\j\b\i' (= for the present).
a prefix meaning about or all over, as in \Ibedraggled\j\b\i.
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\Hbeach\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the gently sloping land at the water's edge, composed of sand, pebbles, etc. formed by the waves.
\CX12.\j\b\i the seashore as a place for an outing.
\Bbeach\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to bring a boat, etc. up onto a beach from the water.
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\Hbeachcomber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1beech\j\b\i-koma \Pnoun\p a person who collects articles washed up onto beaches.
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\Hbeachhead\h
\Pnoun\p an area on an enemy shore occupied by an advance force, before support troops and supplies are landed.
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\Hbeacon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\ik'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any signal used as a guide or warning, such as a fire on a hilltop, a flashing light from a lighthouse, or a radio signal.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which serves as or shines like a beacon. Old English \Ibeacen\j\b\i a sign
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\Hbead\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small ball of glass, wood or other material, pierced so that it may be put on a string.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drop or bubble: '\Ibeads\j\b\i of sweat'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a rosary.
\Bdraw a bead on\j\b\i, 'he \Idrew a bead on\j\b\i the rabbit' (= aimed at). \Bbead\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to decorate or form with beads. Middle English \Ibede\j\b\i a prayer or rosary bead
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\Hbeading\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow strip of rounded wood used to trim joints or corners.
\CX12.\j\b\i the threading of beads into patterns or designs for decoration, etc. Also called \Bbeadwork\j\b\i.
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\Hbeadle\h
\Pnoun\p a mace-bearer or other leader of a ceremonial procession at a university, official function, etc.
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\Hbeady\h
\Padjective\p small and bright like a bead: '\Ibeady\j\b\i eyes'. \Bbeadily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeagle\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of small, smooth-haired hounds used for hunting hares, etc. Old French \Ibeegueule\j\b\i a noisy person
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\Hbeak\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the horny mouthparts of a bird. Also called a \Bbill\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any beak-like projection, such as the lip of a jug.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a nose.
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\Hbeaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat-bottomed cylindrical vessel, usually with a beak for pouring liquids, used in laboratories.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wide-mouthed drinking vessel, usually made of plastic or glass.
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\Hbeam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, thick piece of wood, steel or concrete, used as a horizontal support, such as a joist.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bundle of parallel light rays or other radiation.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she offered a \Ibeam\j\b\i of hope' (= faint suggestion).
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a) the widest part of a ship. b) the side of a ship.
\CX14.\j\b\i the crossbar of a balance, supporting the pans.
\CX15.\j\b\i a radiant smile.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbroad in the beam\j\b\i, 'too much eating has made her \Ibroad in the beam\j\b\i' (= large, overweight).
\Boff the beam\j\b\i, 'that answer was quite \Ioff the beam\j\b\i' (= wrong).
\Bon one's beam-ends\j\b\i, almost penniless.
\Bon the beam\j\b\i, 'she is always \Ion the beam\j\b\i' (= right, in touch).
\Bbeam\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to transmit by satellite.
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\Hbean\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, thin, green or yellow vegetable which grows on a vine and contains small seeds.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the head: 'use your \Ibean\j\b\i!'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfull of beans\j\b\i, energetic, cheerful.
\Bnot have a bean\j\b\i, 'I \Ihaven't a bean\j\b\i to spend this week' (= have no money at all).
\Bspill the beans\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you must try not to \Ispill the beans\j\b\i' (= let out the information).
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\Hbeanbag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small cloth bag filled with beans and used as a toy.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large bag made of leather, cloth, etc., filled with small soft objects and able to be formed into a comfortable seat.
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\Hbeancurd\h
See \Jtofu\j\b\i.
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\Hbeanie\h
\Pnoun\p beany a soft woollen hat.
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\Hbeanpole\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tall pole for a bean plant to climb on.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a tall, thin person.
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\Hbeanshoots\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bbeansprouts\j\b\i
the germinated seeds of any of various beans, especially the mung bean and the soya bean, used as a vegetable and especially popular in Asian cookery.
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\Hbear (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i bair \Pverb\p (\Bbore\j\b\i, \Bborne\j\b\i or \Bborn\j\b\i, \Bbearing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to support: a) 'will that branch \Ibear\j\b\i my weight?'; b) 'I am willing to \Ibear\j\b\i the blame for my mistakes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to carry or give birth to an offspring: 'she \Ibore\j\b\i three daughters'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to convey: a) 'the carriage \Ibore\j\b\i us to our destination'; b) 'I loathe people who \Ibear\j\b\i tales'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to put up with or suffer: a) 'I cannot \Ibear\j\b\i pain'; b) '\Ibear\j\b\i with me until I've finished'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to move or lie in a certain direction: 'we must \Ibear\j\b\i hard right at the next intersection'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the responsibility \Ibears\j\b\i heavily upon her' (= weighs).
b) 'he \Ibore\j\b\i himself well during that difficult time' (= conducted).
c) 'your story does not \Ibear\j\b\i close inspection' (= survive).
d) 'she does not \Ibear\j\b\i grudges' (= harbour).
e) 'this tree \Ibears\j\b\i lots of lemons every year' (= produces).
f) 'the two accounts of the accident \Ibear\j\b\i almost no relation to each other' (= have, contain).
g) 'she \Ibears\j\b\i the unlikely name of Blake Fox' (= possesses).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbear down on\j\b\i, a) to press hard upon; b) 'the ship \Ibore down on\j\b\i the raft' (= approached).
\Bbear out\j\b\i, 'his story \Ibears out\j\b\i what you said' (= confirms).
\Bbear up\j\b\i, to keep up one's spirits or strength when under a strain.
\Bbear witness\j\b\i, See \Jwitness\j\b\i.
\Bbring to bear\j\b\i, 'pressure was \Ibrought to bear\j\b\i on her by her family' (= applied). \Bbearable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, endurable; \Bbearably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Bbearableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbear (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i bair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various large mammals with a shaggy coat and a short tail, such as the brown \Bgrizzly bear\j\b\i of America or the white \Bpolar bear\j\b\i of the arctic regions.
\CX12.\j\b\i an uncouth or bad-tempered person.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IStock Exchange:\j\b\i a person who expects share prices to fall and acts on that belief, expecting to be able to make a favourable deal. Compare \Jbull (1)\j\b\i. \Bbearish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbear-baiting\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a cruel sport in which dogs attacked a captive bear.
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\Hbeard\h
\Isay\j\b\i beerd \Pnoun\p the coarse hair on the face of adult males, especially on or below the chin.
\Bbeard\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to oppose or defy: 'to \Ibeard\j\b\i the lion in his den'. \Bbearded\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a beard.
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\Hbearer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bair\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who brings or carries something: 'please pay the \Ibearer\j\b\i of this letter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a person who presents a cheque, money order, etc. at a bank.
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\Hbearing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bair\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person's posture, manner, etc: 'he has a friendly \Ibearing\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act, capacity or period of producing: 'a tree past \Ibearing\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a relevance or relation: 'that evidence has little \Ibearing\j\b\i on the case'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the direction or relative position of anything: 'I cannot find my \Ibearings\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i any part which supports a rotating part in a machine.
\CX16.\j\b\i a direction measured as an angle from one position to another: 'a compass \Ibearing\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a) a supporting part in a structure. b) the contact area between a load-carrying structure and its support.
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\Hbeast\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any four-footed animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wild, cruel or inhuman person.
\CX13.\j\b\i a coarse or cruel nature.
\Bbeastly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i like a beast.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nasty or unpleasant: 'what \Ibeastly\j\b\i weather!'. \Bbeastliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to hit or strike repeatedly: 'the rain \Ibeat\j\b\i against the windows'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stir or mix thoroughly: '\Ibeat\j\b\i six eggs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to defeat: a) 'the team was \Ibeaten\j\b\i by two points'; b) 'it \Ibeats\j\b\i me!'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the trapped bird was frantically \Ibeating\j\b\i its wings' (= flapping).
b) 'the animals had \Ibeaten\j\b\i a broad track to the water-hole' (= made by trampling).
c) 'the conductor was \Ibeating\j\b\i time with his baton' (= marking, measuring).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbeat about the bush\j\b\i, \Bbeat around the bush\j\b\i, See \Jbush (1)\j\b\i.
\Bbeat a retreat\j\b\i, 'we \Ibeat a retreat\j\b\i from the scene' (= withdrew).
\Bbeat down\j\b\i, 'we \Ibeat\j\b\i them \Idown\j\b\i to $60' (= bargained with to lower the price).
\Bbeat it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we had better \Ibeat it\j\b\i before someone comes' (= leave).
\Bbeat out\j\b\i, a) 'this copper ashtray has been \Ibeaten out\j\b\i by hand' (= hammered out); b) 'we got together to \Ibeat out\j\b\i a joint proposal' (= produce).
\Bbeat up\j\b\i, 'she was \Ibeaten up\j\b\i and robbed' (= assaulted violently).
\Bbeat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a regular, repeated stroke or sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a pulse or rhythm.
\CX13.\j\b\i a regular route or area: 'the policeman's \Ibeat\j\b\i covered most of the suburb'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IHunting:\j\b\i the flushing out of game by moving noisily through scrub, etc. \Bbeat\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) worn out or defeated; \Bbeater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that beats.
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\Hbeat (2)\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to beatniks.
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\Hbeatific\h
\Isay\j\b\i bee-a-\CX1tiff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p a) making blessed. b) blissful: 'a \Ibeatific\j\b\i smile'. \Bbeatifically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeatification\h
\Isay\j\b\i bee-atti-fi\CX1kay\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i the Pope's official statement that a dead person is in heavenly bliss, as a step towards declaring that person a saint. \Bbeatify\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bee-\CX1att\j\b\ii-fie), (\Bbeatified\j\b\i, \Bbeatifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeatitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i bee-\CX1att\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p a state of bliss or blessedness.
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\Hbeatnik\h
\Pnoun\p a person who avoids or rejects conventional standards of behaviour, dress, etc. probably from \Bbeat\j\b\i (rhythm) + Yiddish suffix \I-nik\j\b\i person
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\Hbeat-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exaggerated or sensationalised journalistic account.
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\Hbeau\h
\Isay\j\b\i bo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbeaux\j\b\i or \Bbeaus\j\b\i
a boyfriend or lover. French, handsome
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\HBeaufort scale\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-fort skale \IWeather:\j\b\i a scale and description of wind in which 0 is calm and force 12 is a hurricane. after its inventor, \ISir\j\b\i \IFrancis\j\b\i \IBeaufort\j\b\i, 1774-1857, a British admiral
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\Hbeaut\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) splendid or enjoyable.
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\Hbeauteous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\iti-us \Padjective\p a poetic word for beautiful.
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\Hbeautician\h
\Isay\j\b\i bew-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a person whose work is to care for the body, chiefly with massage, manicure and facials.
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\Hbeautiful\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\iti-f\Iu\j\b\ill \Padjective\p giving pleasure or delight to the senses: 'a \Ibeautiful\j\b\i face'. \Bbeautifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbeautify\j\b\i (\Bbeautified\j\b\i, \Bbeautifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to adorn or make beautiful.
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\Hbeauty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being pleasing and exciting to the senses.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is beautiful or particularly pleasing.
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\Hbeauty salon\h
also called a \Bbeauty parlour\j\b\i
a shop which provides services such as hairdressing, manicures, massage or skin care.
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\Hbeaux\h
\Isay\j\b\i boze \Pnoun\p a plural of \Bbeau\j\b\i.
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\Hbeaver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, amphibious North American, dam-building mammal with webbed hind feet, thick fur and a paddle-like tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the fur of this animal. b) a hat made from this or similar material.
\Beager beaver\j\b\i, See \Jeager\j\b\i.
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\Hbecalmed\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1kah\j\b\imd \Padjective\p (of a sailing ship) being unable to move because there is no wind. \Bbecalm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbecame\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbecome\j\b\i.
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\Hbecause\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1koz\j\b\i conjunction, \Padverb\p for the reason that: 'we could not see \Ibecause\j\b\i it was dark'.
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\Hbeck (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bat the beck and call of\j\b\i, 'he is \Iat the beck and call of\j\b\i his mother' (= obedient to the slightest wish of).
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\Hbeck (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small mountain stream or brook.
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\Hbeckon\h
\Pverb\p to signal or summon by a gesture: 'he \Ibeckoned\j\b\i us to follow'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to come to be: a) 'it has \Ibecome\j\b\i a habit'; b) 'what will \Ibecome\j\b\i of you?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to suit well: 'that hat \Ibecomes\j\b\i you'.
\Bbecoming\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) proper or suitable: 'such behaviour is not \Ibecoming\j\b\i to your position'. b) attractive: 'what a \Ibecoming\j\b\i dress'. \Bbecomingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HBecquerel number\h
a measurement expressing one nuclear transformation per second.
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\Hbed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any fixture or surface for sleeping on, usually with a frame, mattress, pillow and coverings. b) a place to sleep for the night.
\CX12.\j\b\i any flat base on which something rests: 'the benches in the park were set into a \Ibed\j\b\i of concrete'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the ground or surface beneath something: 'the sunken ship rested on the \Iseabed\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a layer of sedimentary rock of varying thickness.
\CX15.\j\b\i an area of soil in a garden in which plants are grown.
\Bbed\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbedded\j\b\i, \Bbedding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with or put into a bed.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go to bed with a person for the purpose of sexual intercourse.
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\Hbedbug\h
\Pnoun\p a flat, blood-sucking insect sometimes found in houses, especially beds.
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\Hbedclothes\h
plural \Pnoun\p the blankets and sheets for a bed.
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\Hbedding\h
\Pnoun\p any materials used to form a bed, such as straw for animals.
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\Hbedeck\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1dek\j\b\i \Pverb\p to decorate or adorn: 'the hall was \Ibedecked\j\b\i with flowers'.
to confuse or torment: 'he was \Ibedevilled\j\b\i by all their questions'.
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\Hbedfellow\h
\Pnoun\p a person who shares one's bed.
\Bmake strange bedfellows\j\b\i, to have close relationships between unlikely people.
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\Hbedlam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scene of noisy uproar and confusion: 'there was \Ibedlam\j\b\i in the school after the fire'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for a lunatic asylum. corrupt abbreviation of Hospital of St Mary of \IBethlehem\j\b\i, a notorious 15th-century asylum at Bishopsgate, London
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\Hbed linen\h
the sheets and pillowcases for a bed.
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\HBedouin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bed\j\b\ioo-in \Pnoun\p any nomadic Arab of the deserts of North Africa and Arabia. Arabic \Ibadawin\j\b\i desert dwellers
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\Hbedpan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pan used as a toilet by people confined to bed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a warming pan.
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\Hbedraggled\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1dragg\j\b\i'ld \Padjective\p limp, wet and dirty: 'she was \Ibedraggled\j\b\i after her fall in the river'. \Bbedraggle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbedridden\h
\Padjective\p forced to remain in bed because of illness, old age, etc.
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\Hbedrock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the solid rock under the soil and subsoil.
\CX12.\j\b\i the bottom or lowest level of anything: 'our morale has really hit \Ibedrock\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any firm or solid base.
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\Hbedroom\h
\Pnoun\p a room for sleeping in.
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\Hbed-sitting room\h
also called a \Bbed-sitter\j\b\i
a flat consisting of one room for living and sleeping in, often without a separate kitchen.
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\Hbedsore\h
\Pnoun\p a sore caused by a prolonged stay in bed.
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\Hbedspread\h
\Pnoun\p a decorative, cloth cover for a bed.
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\Hbedstead\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bed\j\b\i-sted \Pnoun\p a framework of wood or metal, supporting the springs and mattress of a bed.
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\Hbee\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of stinging insects with licking mouthparts for gathering nectar and often forming communities.
\CX12.\j\b\i a meeting for work, entertainment, etc.: 'a working \Ibee\j\b\i'.
\Bhave a bee in one's bonnet\j\b\i, 'she \Ihas a bee in her bonnet\j\b\i about health foods' (= is obsessed).
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\Hbeech\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of deciduous trees found in the Northern Hemisphere, with shiny leaves, small triangular nuts and smooth bark, whose timber is used for furniture.
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\Hbeef\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the flesh of a cow, bull, ox, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a complaint: 'do not tell us your \Ibeefs\j\b\i'.
\Bbeef up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to strengthen or reinforce. \Bbeef\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to complain. Latin \Ibovis\j\b\i of an ox
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\HBeefeater\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a Yeoman of the Guard.
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\Hbeehive\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhive\j\b\i.
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\Hbeeline\h
\Pnoun\p \Bmake a beeline for\j\b\i, 'we all \Imade a beeline for\j\b\i the birthday cake' (= went directly to).
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\HBeelzebub\h
\Isay\j\b\i bee-\CX1el\j\b\iza-bub \Pnoun\p the devil. Hebrew \Iba'alzebub\j\b\i lord of the flies
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\Hbeen\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hbeep\h
\Pnoun\p a short sound which is produced electronically.
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\Hbeeper\h
\Pnoun\p a pager.
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\Hbeer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an alcoholic drink brewed and fermented from malt and flavoured with hops.
\CX12.\j\b\i a non-alcoholic drink made from roots, sugar and yeast, such as ginger beer.
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\Hbeeswax\h
\Pnoun\p a wax secreted by bees and often used for polishing wood.
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\Hbeet\h
\Pnoun\p any of various biennial plants with an edible root and leaves. \BBeet sugar\j\b\i is made from the roots of the sugar beet.
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\Hbeetle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a very large group of flying insects with biting mouthparts and in which the forewings have become hard and protect the hind wings. Old English \Ibitula\j\b\i a biting thing
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\Hbeetle (2)\h
\Pverb\p to project or overhang: 'his dark eyebrows \Ibeetled\j\b\i over and almost covered his eyes'.
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\Hbeetroot\h
\Pnoun\p a round, dark red root of a variety of beet, used as food.
\Bbeetroot\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
crimson like beetroot: 'her face was \Ibeetroot\j\b\i with embarrassment'.
to be suitable or appropriate for: 'it does not \Ibefit\j\b\i your position to talk like that'. \Bbefittingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbefore\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i ahead: 'he rode \Ibefore\j\b\i to show us the way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i previously or earlier: a) 'has that man been here \Ibefore\j\b\i?'; b) 'start when I say, and not \Ibefore\j\b\i'.
\Bbefore\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i ahead of or in advance of: 'we stood \Ibefore\j\b\i the door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i earlier or sooner than: '\Ibefore\j\b\i the war'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in the presence of: 'I get tongue-tied \Ibefore\j\b\i an audience'.
\CX14.\j\b\i under consideration by: 'the issue \Ibefore\j\b\i us is this'.
\Bbefore\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i previously to the time when: '\Ibefore\j\b\i we leave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i rather than: 'death \Ibefore\j\b\i dishonour'.
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\Hbeforehand\h
\Padverb\p earlier or in advance: 'I knew about it \Ibeforehand\j\b\i'.
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\Hbefriend\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1frend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to become a friend of: 'she \Ibefriended\j\b\i her new neighbours'.
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\Hbefuddle\h
\Pverb\p to make stupid or confused: 'his mind was \Ibefuddled\j\b\i with alcohol'.
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\Hbeg\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbegged\j\b\i, \Bbegging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to ask for charity: 'he had to \Ibeg\j\b\i for his meals'. b) to ask for earnestly: 'to \Ibeg\j\b\i forgiveness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take the liberty of: 'I \Ibeg\j\b\i to differ with you there'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbeg the question\j\b\i, to take for granted the very matter which is in question.
\Bgo begging\j\b\i, 'if these clothes are \Igoing begging\j\b\i, I will take them' (= unwanted).
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\Hbegan\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbegin\j\b\i.
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\Hbegat\h
\Pverb\p the old past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbeget\j\b\i.
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\Hbeget\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbegot\j\b\i, \Bbegotten\j\b\i or \Bbegot\j\b\i, \Bbegetting\j\b\i) to generate or produce: a) 'he has \Ibegotten\j\b\i four sons'; b) 'poverty \Ibegets\j\b\i hardship'.
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\Hbeggar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person who lives by begging. b) any poor person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wretched or roguish person: 'what a naughty little \Ibeggar\j\b\i'.
\Bbeggar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to reduce to poverty.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the beautiful landscape \Ibeggared\j\b\i description' (= made inadequate). \Bbeggary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being a beggar; \Bbeggarly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to start: 'we will \Ibegin\j\b\i work after lunch'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an action or state) to come into existence: 'it \Ibegan\j\b\i to rain'. \Bbeginner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is learning or has little experience.
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\Hbeginning\h
\Pnoun\p the start or first part of anything: 'have you read the \Ibeginning\j\b\i of that story?'.
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\Hbegone\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1gon\j\b\i interjection an old exclamation meaning go away!
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\Hbegonia\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1go\j\b\i-nia \Pnoun\p a garden plant with brightly coloured flowers and leaves. after \IM.{\shad \j\b\iBΘgon\j\b\i, 1638-1710, a French patron of botany
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\Hbegot\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbeget\j\b\i.
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\Hbegotten\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbeget\j\b\i.
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\Hbegrudge\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1gruj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give or concede reluctantly: 'do not \Ibegrudge\j\b\i him his wealth'. \Bbegrudgingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeguile\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1gile\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get or take by dishonesty or tricks: 'she was \Ibeguiled\j\b\i out of her savings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to charm or amuse: 'we \Ibeguiled\j\b\i the child with fairy stories'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we \Ibeguiled\j\b\i the time by telling stories in turn' (= whiled away). \Bbeguilement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
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\Hbegum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\ig'm \Pnoun\p an Indian Moslem woman of high rank.
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\Hbegun\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbegin\j\b\i.
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\Hbehalf\h
\Pnoun\p interest or part: 'on whose \Ibehalf\j\b\i are you acting?'.
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\Hbehave\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1hayv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to act, especially in relation to what is accepted or expected: 'how did she \Ibehave\j\b\i today?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must promise to \Ibehave\j\b\i while your grandparents are here' (= behave well).
b) 'the car will \Ibehave\j\b\i perfectly in any conditions' (= respond).
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\Hbehaviour\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1hayv\j\b\i-y'r \Pnoun\p behavior any actions or manner of acting: 'his \Ibehaviour\j\b\i at home is dreadful'.
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\Hbehaviourism\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1hayv\j\b\i-y'r-izm \Pnoun\p behaviorism the belief that psychology, sociology, etc. should study only actual behaviour as distinct from unobservable qualities like the mind, and that behaviour is mainly determined by emotions of fear, anger or content.
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\Hbehead\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1hed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cut off the head.
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\Hbeheld\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbehold\j\b\i.
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\Hbehest\h
\Pnoun\p a command or bidding: 'you must do it at the law's \Ibehest\j\b\i'.
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\Hbehind\h
preposition, \Padverb\p at the back of:
(as a preposition) a) '\Ibehind\j\b\i the house'; b) 'what is \Ibehind\j\b\i his friendliness?'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'you must walk \Ibehind\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we're all \Ibehind\j\b\i you in this matter' (= supporting).
b) 'he's \Ibehind\j\b\i his class in maths' (= less advanced than).
c) 'she left her car \Ibehind\j\b\i and walked' (= at a place already passed).
d) 'you're a month \Ibehind\j\b\i with the rent' (= late, in arrears).
\Bbehind\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the hindquarters of a person or animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Australian Rules) a minor scoring shot worth one point.
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\Hbehindhand\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p late or behind in progress: 'she's \Ibehindhand\j\b\i in her studies'.
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\Hbehold\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbeheld\j\b\i, \Bbeholding\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to see or look at. \Bbeholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbeholden\h
\Padjective\p bound by gratitude or in debt: 'we are \Ibeholden\j\b\i to the government for the wage increase'.
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\Hbehove\h
\Pverb\p to be right and fitting: 'it \Ibehoves\j\b\i you to make a speech'.
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\Hbeige\h
\Isay\j\b\i bay\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a light, brownish-yellow colour. \Bbeige\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French
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\Hbeing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of existence or life: 'a new leader has come into \Ibeing\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which exists or lives: 'a human \Ibeing\j\b\i'.
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\Hbelabour\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1lay\j\b\ib'r \Pverb\p belabor to beat or strike hard: 'he was \Ibelaboured\j\b\i with clubs'.
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\Hbelated\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1lay\j\b\itid \Padjective\p late: 'a \Ibelated\j\b\i happy birthday for last week'. \Bbelatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbelatedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbelay\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbelayed\j\b\i, \Bbelaying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten a rope around an object without using a knot.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stop: '\Ibelay\j\b\i there!'.
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\Hbel canto\h
a style of opera singing showing a brilliant, flowing technique. Italian \Ibel\j\b\i beautiful +\Icanto\j\b\i song
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\Hbelch\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to eject gas or wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth.
\CX12.\j\b\i to gush or burst out: 'the volcano \Ibelched\j\b\i out lava and smoke'. \Bbelch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbeleaguer\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1lee\j\b\ig'r \Pverb\p to besiege or surround: 'the lecturer was \Ibeleaguered\j\b\i with questions'.
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\Hbelfry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bel\j\b\i-free \Pnoun\p a belltower.
\CX11.\j\b\i to give a false or wrong idea of: 'his words \Ibelied\j\b\i his actual feelings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fail to justify or fulfil: 'you have \Ibelied\j\b\i our faith in you'.
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\Hbelief\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1leef\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the feeling or confidence that something is real, true or worthwhile: a) 'your claim is beyond \Ibelief\j\b\i'; b) 'he has lost his \Ibelief\j\b\i in life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is taught or accepted as true: 'a religious \Ibelief\j\b\i'.
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\Hbelieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1leev\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to accept as real or true: 'do you \Ibelieve\j\b\i in ghosts?'. b) to have faith or trust in: 'you must \Ibelieve\j\b\i in me'.
\Bmake believe\j\b\i, 'let's \Imake believe\j\b\i we are pirates' (= imagine). \Bbelievable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbelievably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbeliever\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes, especially one belonging to a particular religious faith.
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\Hbelittle\h
\Pverb\p to make something seem unimportant or less valuable: 'do not \Ibelittle\j\b\i his efforts'. \Bbelittlement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbell (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a hollow metal cup, usually with a tongue or hammer inside, which makes a ringing sound when hit. b) the sound made by a bell.
\CX12.\j\b\i any device which produces a ringing sound: 'an electric \Idoorbell\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape of a bell, such as the flared end of a brass musical instrument.
\CX14.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the stroke of the bell that marks off each half-hour of the watch, so that a four-hour watch ends at eight bells.
\Bring a bell\j\b\i, See \Jring (2)\j\b\i.
\Bbell\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bto bell the cat\j\b\i, to volunteer for a risky venture decided on jointly with others. (From a fable in which mice wanted to tie a warning bell round the cat's neck, but none dared do it.)
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\Hbell (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the cry of the male deer in the mating season.
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\Hbelladonna\h
\Isay\j\b\i bella-\CX1donn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p also called \Bdeadly nightshade\j\b\i
a poisonous plant with red flowers and black berries from which a drug (atropine) is made. Italian \Ibella\j\b\i beautiful + \Idonna\j\b\i woman
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\Hbellbird\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbell miner\j\b\i.
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\Hbellboy\h
\Pnoun\p a boy servant in a hotel, etc.
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\Hbelle\h
\Isay\j\b\i bel \Pnoun\p a beautiful girl or woman. French, beautiful
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\Hbellhop\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a bellboy.
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\Hbellicose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bell\j\b\ii-kose \Padjective\p warlike or eager to fight: 'the ill-treated inhabitants became \Ibellicose\j\b\i'. \Bbellicosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i belli-\CX1koss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ibellum\j\b\i war
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\Hbelligerent\h
\Isay\j\b\i bil\CX1lij\j\b\ia-r'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i aggressive or hostile: 'we were shocked at her \Ibelligerent\j\b\i reply'.
\CX12.\j\b\i engaged in war: 'a \Ibelligerent\j\b\i nation'. \Bbelligerently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbelligerence\j\b\i, \Bbelligerency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbelligerent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or group engaged in a war. Latin \Ibelligerare\j\b\i to wage war
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\Hbell jar\h
a bell-shaped glass vessel, used for protecting delicate instruments, holding gases, etc. in laboratory experiments.
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\Hbell miner\h
also called a \Bbellbird\j\b\i
a small green Australian bird with a yellow breast and a tinkling, bell-like call.
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\Hbellow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bell\j\b\i-o \Pverb\p to make a loud animal cry or roar: 'he \Ibellowed\j\b\i with rage and pain'. \Bbellow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbellows\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bell\j\b\i-oze plural \Pnoun\p a device for pumping a stream of air, e.g. to kindle a fire or to produce sound from the pipes of an organ or similar musical instrument.
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\Hbelltower\h
\Pnoun\p a tower containing a bell.
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\Hbelly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the lower part of the body containing the stomach and intestines.
\CX12.\j\b\i the lower or inner part of anything: 'the \Ibelly\j\b\i of a ship'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any bulging or rounded part or surface: 'the \Ibelly\j\b\i of a guitar'.
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\Hbelly-ache\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to grumble or complain. \Bbelly-ache\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a pain in the stomach, b) a complaint.
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\Hbelly-button\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the navel.
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\Hbelly dance\h
a solo dance emphasising movements of the belly.
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\Hbelly-flop\h
\Pnoun\p \ISwimming:\j\b\i an awkward dive in which one lands on one's stomach on the water.
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\Hbellyful\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) far more than enough: 'that's enough of your complaining - I've had a \Ibellyful\j\b\i of it already'.
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\Hbelly landing\h
the landing of an aeroplane on its fuselage when its landing gear fails to operate.
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\Hbelly laugh\h
a deep, loud laugh.
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\Hbelong\h
\Pverb\p to have a correct, proper or usual place: 'where do these books \Ibelong\j\b\i?'.
\Bbelong to\j\b\i, a) 'that house \Ibelongs to\j\b\i my aunt' (= is owned by); b) 'she \Ibelongs to\j\b\i the golf club' (= is a member of).
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\Hbelongings\h
plural \Pnoun\p any possessions, especially personal ones.
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\Hbeloved\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1luvd\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i be-\CX1luvv\j\b\iid \Padjective\p much loved. \Bbeloved\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbelow\h
preposition, \Padverb\p in or to a lower place or position:
(as a preposition) 'the sun sank \Ibelow\j\b\i the horizon'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'the lift descended to the floor \Ibelow\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'see the footnote \Ibelow\j\b\i' (= at a later point).
b) 'all the ship's passengers stayed \Ibelow\j\b\i during the storm' (= not on the deck).
c) 'the tree just \Ibelow\j\b\i the bridge' (= downstream from).
d) 'she thought it \Ibelow\j\b\i her to travel second-class' (= below (her) dignity).
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\Hbelt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a band worn around the waist, hips, etc. to attach objects or keep clothes in place.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large strip of land with common features or characteristics: 'the wheat \Ibelt\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a flexible band passing around two or more pulleys: 'a conveyor \Ibelt\j\b\i'.
\Bbelow the belt\j\b\i, 'that remark was a bit \Ibelow the belt\j\b\i' (= unfair).
\Bgreen belt\j\b\i, an urban reserve which is mainly parkland.
\Bbelt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with a belt: 'a loosely \Ibelted\j\b\i jacket'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to thrash or hit. b) to go very quickly: 'the sports car \Ibelted\j\b\i around the corner'.
\Bbelt up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) '\Ibelt up\j\b\i before mother hears' (= be quiet).
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\Hbemoan\h
\Pverb\p to mourn or show sorrow for: 'they \Ibemoaned\j\b\i the loss of their leader'.
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\Hbemused\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1mewzd\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i confused or perplexed: 'a \Ibemused\j\b\i frown'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lost in thought. \Bbemuse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hben\h
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a mountain.
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\Hbench\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long seat for several people.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long, horizontal work surface: 'a carpenter's \Ibench\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a raised strip of relatively level earth or rock.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i the seat occupied by certain ranks of members: 'the Opposition \Ibench\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the judge or judges of a court: 'the \Ibench\j\b\i will now pass sentence'. b) the seat or position of a judge: 'the prisoner will stand before the \Ibench\j\b\i'.
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\Hbenchmark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark made on a post or a rock as a guide to determining altitude in surveying.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a standard. b) a point of reference.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a) a type of test, usually in the form of a program, which is used to compare the performance of comparable items of software and hardware. b) the product or standard against which these items are tested.
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\Hbend\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbent\j\b\i, \Bbending\j\b\i)
to turn or force into a particular shape or direction: a) 'he \Ibent\j\b\i the wire into a loop'; b) 'the road \Ibends\j\b\i sharply here'; c) 'we \Ibent\j\b\i our steps towards home'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the prisoner still didn't \Ibend\j\b\i after weeks of torture' (= yield, submit).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbend, fall\j\b\i or \Blean over backwards\j\b\i, See \Jbackwards\j\b\i.
\Bround the bend\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mad.
\Bbend\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a turn or change in direction.
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\Hbender\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drinking spree.
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\Hbends\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bcaisson disease\j\b\i
the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood when external pressure changes too quickly, as when a diver ascends to the surface too rapidly. See \Jdecompression chamber\j\b\i.
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\Hbene-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1benn\j\b\ii a prefix meaning well, as in \Ibeneficial\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hbeneath\h
\Padverb\p, preposition under or below: a) 'they sat \Ibeneath\j\b\i the oak tree'; b) 'it is \Ibeneath\j\b\i my dignity to comment'.
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\Hbenediction\h
\Isay\j\b\i benna-\CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a grace or blessing: 'don't leave on your journey without receiving my \Ibenediction\j\b\i'. \Bbene-\j\b\i + Latin \Idictio\j\b\i a declaration
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\Hbenefactor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1benn\j\b\ia-faktor \Pnoun\p a person giving kindly help or support, especially financial aid. \Bbenefactress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of benefactor; \Bbenefaction\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i benna-\CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a good deed or charitable gift. \Bbene-\j\b\i + Latin \Ifactor\j\b\i a doer
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\Hbenefice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1benn\j\b\ia-fis \Pnoun\p the church property from which a clergyman earns a living.
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\Hbeneficence\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1neff\j\b\ii-s'nce \Pnoun\p any act of goodness or kindness. \Bbeneficent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbeneficial\h
\Isay\j\b\i benni-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p having a good or helpful effect: 'a balanced diet is \Ibeneficial\j\b\i to one's health'. \Bbeneficially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeneficiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i benna-\CX1fish\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who receives a benefit or advantage,such as an inheritance.
\CX12.\j\b\i the holder of a church benefice.
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\Hbenefit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is helpful or favourable: 'I hope the money will be of \Ibenefit\j\b\i to you'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any payment or assistance given by an institution, government, etc.: 'unemployment \Ibenefits\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any entertainment held to raise money for charity, etc. \Bbenefit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbenevolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1nevv\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i kind or wishing well to others: 'a \Ibenevolent\j\b\i attitude'.
\CX12.\j\b\i formed for charitable purposes rather than profit: 'a \Ibenevolent\j\b\i society'. \Bbenevolence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbenevolently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bbene-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivolens\j\b\i wishing
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1nine\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i gentle and kind: 'a \Ibenign\j\b\i smile'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i (of diseases, etc.) not threatening life. Compare \Jmalignant\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i favourable: 'the climate has a \Ibenign\j\b\i effect on the vegetation'. \Bbenignly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbenignity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1nign\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ibenignus\j\b\i kind-hearted
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\Hbenison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1benn\j\b\ii-s'n \Pnoun\p an old word for blessing. same origin as \Ibenediction\j\b\i
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\Hbent\h
\Pnoun\p a natural liking or bias: 'he has always had a \Ibent\j\b\i for writing'.
\Bbent\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i out of the true shape or course.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dishonest: 'the accountant is \Ibent\j\b\i'.
\Bbent on\j\b\i, being determined to or set on.
\Bbent\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbend\j\b\i.
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\Hbenumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1num\j\b\i \Pverb\p to stupefy or make numb: 'her fingers were \Ibenumbed\j\b\i with cold'.
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\HBenzedrine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ben\j\b\izi-dreen \Pnoun\p a stimulant drug causing wakefulness and loss of appetite. a trademark
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\Hbenzene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ben\j\b\i-zeen \Pnoun\p also called \Bbenzol\j\b\i
a colourless, liquid hydrocarbon (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i), with its carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal ring, and used in making a wide variety of organic compounds. from \Ibenzoin\j\b\i an aromatic gum
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\Hbenzine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ben\j\b\i-zeen \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless liquid mixture of hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, with a boiling-point range of 50-60░C, and used for dry-cleaning and as a solvent.
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\Hbenzodiazepine\h
\Isay\j\b\i benzodie-\CX1aza\j\b\i-peen \Pnoun\p a chemical base for many tranquillisers.
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\Hbequeath\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1kwee\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pverb\p to hand down or leave to those who come after, as in a will: 'this knowledge was \Ibequeathed\j\b\i to us by the ancient Greeks'.
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\Hbequest\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1kwest\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a legacy.
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\Hberate\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to scold: 'she was \Iberated\j\b\i for losing her coat'.
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\Hbereave\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1reev\j\b\i \Pverb\p (\Bbereft\j\b\i or \Bbereaved\j\b\i, \Bbereaving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to take away or deprive: 'anger \Ibereft\j\b\i her of words'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make sad through loss or death. \Bbereavement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a loss, especially by death.
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\Hberet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1berr\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a soft round cap, such as worn by some soldiers.
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\Hberi-beri\h
\Pnoun\p a disease due to lack of vitamin B in the diet, causing weakness and loss of function of the nerves and the heart muscles.
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\Hberkelium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ber-\CX1kee\j\b\ili-um \Pnoun\p element number 97, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i. first prepared at \IBerkeley\j\b\i, California
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\Hberry\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small, juicy, stoneless fruits, such as the strawberry, blackberry, etc.
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\Hberserk\h
\Isay\j\b\i ber-\CX1zerk\j\b\i \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \Bgo berserk\j\b\i, to become uncontrollable. \Bberserk\j\b\i has come into English from the Icelandic word \Ibersekr\j\b\i, a member of a tribe of Norse warriors who worked themselves into a fury before a battle and then fought with great fierceness and recklessness. \IBersekr\j\b\i is thought to come from the Icelandic words \Ibjorn\j\b\i (bear), and \Iserkr\j\b\i (shirt), as the warriors of the tribe dressed themselves for battle in the skins of fierce animals.
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\Hberth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bunk or sleeping-place in a ship, train, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where a ship may be moored.
\CX13.\j\b\i any place or position: 'he has a cosy \Iberth\j\b\i in his father's business'.
\Bgive a wide berth to\j\b\i, to avoid. \Bberth\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to come to a mooring.
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\Hberyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1berr\j\b\iil \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard crystalline silicate mineral, used as a gem and as a source of beryllium. See \Jemerald\j\b\i and \Baquamarine\j\b\i. Greek \Iberyllos\j\b\i a sea-green gem
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\Hberyllium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ber\CX1ril\j\b\i-ium \Pnoun\p element number 4, a hard, light metal used in copper alloys. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i.
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\Hbeseech\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbeseeched\j\b\i or \Bbesought\j\b\i, \Bbeseeching\j\b\i)
to implore or ask earnestly and urgently: 'we \Ibeseech\j\b\i you not to be angry'. \Bbeseechingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeset\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbeset\j\b\i, \Bbesetting\j\b\i)
to attack or harass: 'the family is \Ibeset\j\b\i by financial worries'.
\Bbesetting\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
continually attacking or tempting: 'overeating is one of my \Ibesetting\j\b\i sins'.
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\Hbeside\h
preposition at the side of or close to: 'sit \Ibeside\j\b\i me'.
\Bbeside oneself\j\b\i, 'he is still \Ibeside himself\j\b\i with grief' (= greatly affected).
\Bbeside the point\j\b\i, 'that argument is quite \Ibeside the point\j\b\i' (= unconnected with the issue). \Bbeside, besides\j\b\i are used in quite different ways. \IBeside\j\b\i is a preposition and means next to: 'place the book \Ibeside\j\b\i the lamp'. \IBesides\j\b\i is an \Padverb\p and means as well as: 'will others be interested in this \Ibesides\j\b\i you?'.
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\Hbesides\h
\Padverb\p in addition: 'the dress cost too much, \Ibesides\j\b\i, it was the wrong colour'.
\Bbesides\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in addition to: 'who else came \Ibesides\j\b\i you?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i other than: 'she has no other possessions \Ibesides\j\b\i her motorbike'. See \Jbeside\j\b\i.
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\Hbesiege\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1seej\j\b\i \Pverb\p to surround or crowd in upon, especially with troops: a) 'the enemy \Ibesieged\j\b\i the city for four months'; b) 'the stranger was \Ibesieged\j\b\i with questions'.
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\Hbesmirch\h
\Pverb\p to make dirty: a) 'a face \Ibesmirched\j\b\i with chocolate'; b) 'the family's name was \Ibesmirched\j\b\i by the scandal'.
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\Hbesom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\is'm \Pnoun\p a broom made of twigs.
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\Hbesot\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbesotted\j\b\i, \Bbesotting\j\b\i)
to make or become stupid or muddled: 'he is \Ibesotted\j\b\i by love'.
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\Hbesought\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbeseech\j\b\i.
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\Hbespatter\h
\Pverb\p to soil by spattering: 'his trousers were all \Ibespattered\j\b\i with mud'.
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\Hbespeak\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbespoke\j\b\i, \Bbespoken\j\b\i or \Bbespoke\j\b\i, \Bbespeaking\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to reserve or order something in advance.
\Bbespoke suit\j\b\i, a specially made, not ready-made, suit.
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\Hbest\h
\Padjective\p the superlative form of \Bgood\j\b\i.
\Bbest\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
the superlative form of \Bwell (1)\j\b\i.
\Bhad best\j\b\i, 'we \Ihad best\j\b\i not answer' (= would be wiser to).
\Bbest\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the best quality, thing or part: 'nothing but the \Ibest\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat best\j\b\i, on the most hopeful view.
\Bget\j\b\i, \Bhave the best of\j\b\i, to defeat.
\Bmake the best of\j\b\i, to do as well as possible in circumstances which are unfavourable. \Bbest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to outdo or defeat.
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\Hbestial\h
\Padjective\p of or like a beast: 'murder is a \Ibestial\j\b\i crime'. \Bbestiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i besti-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, brutal or beastly behaviour.
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\Hbestir\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbestirred\j\b\i, \Bbestirring\j\b\i)
to rouse up or exert: '\Ibestir\j\b\i yourselves, for there is much work to be done'.
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\Hbest man\h
the chief attendant to the groom at a wedding.
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\Hbestow\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1sto\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give or present: 'many gifts were \Ibestowed\j\b\i on him'. \Bbestowal\j\b\i, \Bbestowment\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hbestride\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbestrode\j\b\i, \Bbestriding\j\b\i)
to have one leg on each side of: 'the rider \Ibestrode\j\b\i the horse'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the city \Ibestrides\j\b\i the river' (= is on both sides of).
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\Hbest-seller\h
\Pnoun\p a book of which many copies are sold, especially in a short time.
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\Hbet\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwager\j\b\i
a) a promise made between two or more people on the probable outcome of an uncertain fact or event, usually in the form of money. b) the thing or event on which one makes a bet: 'that horse is not a good \Ibet\j\b\i at all'.
\Bbet\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbet\j\b\i or \Bbetted\j\b\i, \Bbetting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a bet.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be certain: 'I \Ibet\j\b\i I'm right'. \Bbetter\j\b\i, \Bbettor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbeta\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p the second letter of the Greek alphabet.
\IPhysics:\j\b\i an electron or a positron released during radioactive decay.
\Bbeta ray\j\b\i
a stream of beta particles.
#
\Hbetel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\it'l \Pnoun\p an Asian climbing plant, the leaves of which are chewed as a stimulant.
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\Hbetel nut\h
the seed of the orange or scarlet fruit of an Asian palm tree, chewed with lime or betel leaves as a stimulant.
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\HbÉte noire\h
\Isay\j\b\i bate \CX1nwah\j\b\i a person or thing that one particularly dreads or dislikes. French \IbÉte\j\b\i beast + \Inoire\j\b\i black
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\Hbetide\h
\Pverb\p \Bwoe betide\j\b\i, '\Iwoe betide\j\b\i you if you fail!' (= trouble will come to).
#
\Hbetoken\h
\Pverb\p to indicate or be a sign of: 'these gems \Ibetoken\j\b\i great wealth'.
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\Hbetook\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbetake\j\b\i.
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\Hbetray\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to act disloyally or treacherously towards: 'he has \Ibetrayed\j\b\i our trust'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reveal unintentionally: 'extreme nervousness \Ibetrayed\j\b\i his guilt'. \Bbetrayal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbetrayer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who betrays.
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\Hbetrothed\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1tro\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\ied \Padjective\p engaged to be married. \Bbetroth\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbetrothal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbetter\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i the comparative form of \Bgood\j\b\i: 'your car is good, but mine is \Ibetter\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the comparative form of \Bwell (1)\j\b\i: 'my car is \Ibetter\j\b\i built than yours'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I hope you are \Ibetter\j\b\i' (= no longer sick).
\IPhrases\j\b\i
\Bbetter off\j\b\i, 'you would be \Ibetter off\j\b\i not to come' (= in a better position).
\Bhad better\j\b\i, 'you \Ihad better\j\b\i obey' (= would be wiser to).
\Bthink better of\j\b\i, 'we \Ithought better of\j\b\i playing the joke' (= decided against).
\Bbetter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to surpass: 'his record in long-distance races has never been \Ibettered\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make better: 'the government finally \Ibettered\j\b\i the economic situation'.
\Bbetter oneself\j\b\i, to improve one's circumstances. \Bbetter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) that which is better, b) (plural) one's superiors, c) superiority; \Bbetterment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbetween\h
preposition, \Padverb\p a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i (within the given limits) a) 'come \Ibetween\j\b\i 1 and 2 o'clock'; b) 'a mountain range \Ibetween\j\b\i here and the sea'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (connection) a) 'love \Ibetween\j\b\i two people'; b) 'a similarity \Ibetween\j\b\i two things'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (sharing) 'we own the house \Ibetween\j\b\i us'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (distinction) 'there is little difference \Ibetween\j\b\i onions and shallots'.
\IPhrases\j\b\i
\Bbetween ourselves\j\b\i, \Bbetween you and me\j\b\i, in confidence.
\Bfew and far between\j\b\i, being sparse or rare. See \Jamong\j\b\i.
#
\Hbetwixt\h
preposition, \Padverb\p an old word for between.
#
\Hbevel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bevv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a) the sloping angle which one line or surface makes with another, when not at right angles. b) a tool for cutting such an angle. \Bbevel\j\b\i (\Bbevelled\j\b\i, \Bbevelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbeverage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bevv\j\b\ia-rij \Pnoun\p any drink. Latin \Ibibere\j\b\i to drink
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\Hbevy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bev\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a gathering or group: 'a \Ibevy\j\b\i of girls were at the park'.
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\Hbewail\h
\Pverb\p to express great sorrow or grief: 'she \Ibewailed\j\b\i the loss of her husband'.
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\Hbeware\h
\Pverb\p be cautious or careful of: '\Ibeware\j\b\i the Ides of March!'.
#
\Hbewigged\h
\Padjective\p wearing a wig: 'the \Ibewigged\j\b\i barrister'.
#
\Hbewilder\h
\Pverb\p to puzzle or make uncertain: 'the strange language \Ibewildered\j\b\i her'. \Bbewilderment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbewitch\h
\Pverb\p to put a charm or magic spell on: 'the sorceress \Ibewitched\j\b\i the animals'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children were \Ibewitched\j\b\i by the puppets' (= fascinated). \Bbewitchingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbey\h
\Isay\j\b\i bay \Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a title of respect, used in Turkey.
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\Hbeyond\h
preposition, \Padverb\p further on than: a) '\Ibeyond\j\b\i us lay the desert'; b) 'don't stay \Ibeyond\j\b\i midday'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it is \Ibeyond\j\b\i understanding' (= outside the limits of).
b) 'the police found nothing \Ibeyond\j\b\i some fingerprints' (= except).
#
\Hbi-\h
\Isay\j\b\i by a prefix meaning two or twice, as in \Ibiennial\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hbiannual\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1an\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p occurring twice a year. \Bbiannually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bbiannual, biennial\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IBiannual\j\b\i means occurring twice a year; whereas \Ibiennial\j\b\i means occurring once every two years: 'this city's \Ibiennial\j\b\i flower festival is held during every second spring'.
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\Hbias\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-us \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a movement or prejudice in a particular direction: a) 'he has a \Ibias\j\b\i against foreigners'; b) 'the ball spun with a \Ibias\j\b\i towards the left'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slanting or diagonal cut.
\Bbias\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to prejudice or influence unfairly. \Bbiased\j\b\i, \Bbiassed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, prejudiced.
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\Hbib\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of cloth tied around the neck of a child to protect clothes while eating.
\CX12.\j\b\i the upper part of an apron.
\Bbib and tucker\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) clothes, especially one's best.
#
\Hbible\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the sacred writings, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any text or book considered as an authority: 'that encyclopaedia is his \Ibible\j\b\i'. \Bbiblical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bib\j\b\ili-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ibiblos\j\b\i book
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\Hbibliography\h
\Isay\j\b\i bibli-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a list of books or sources for a particular topic, sometimes printed at the end of a book.
\CX12.\j\b\i the description, history or classification of books, etc. \Bbibliographical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i biblio-\CX1graff\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bbibliographic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ibiblion\j\b\i book + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hbibliophile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bib\j\b\ilio-file \Pnoun\p also called a \Bbibliophil\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bib\j\b\ilio-fill)
a lover of books. Greek \Ibiblion\j\b\i book + \Iphilos\j\b\i loving
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\Hbibulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bib\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p addicted to drinking alcohol.
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\Hbicameral\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1kamm\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \IParliament:\j\b\i having two chambers or houses, such as the Australian parliament. Compare \Junicameral\j\b\i. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Latin \Icamera\j\b\i chamber
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\Hbicarbonate\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1kar\j\b\iba-nit \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a salt containing the univalent (HCO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i){\up6 -\j\b\i ion.
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\Hbicarbonate of soda\h
also called \Bbaking soda\j\b\i
sodium bicarbonate (formula NaHCO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), a white crystalline solid used as a medicine, and in cooking as a raising agent.
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\Hbicentenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-sen\CX1tee\j\b\ina-ree \Pnoun\p a 200th anniversary. \Bbicentennial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbiceps\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-seps \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a large muscle in two parts, controlling movement of the elbow and forearm.
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\Hbicker\h
\Pverb\p to quarrel over petty things.
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\Hbicuspid\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1kusp\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpremolar\j\b\i
any of eight two-pointed teeth in the mouth, four on each jaw. \Bbicuspid\j\b\i, \Bbicuspidate\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, (of teeth) having two points.
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\Hbicycle\h
\Pnoun\p a two-wheeled vehicle with one wheel in front of the other, for one person and propelled by the feet turning pedals. A \Btricycle\j\b\i has three wheels. A \Btandem\j\b\i is a lengthened bicycle for two or more people, having two or more sets of pedals.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make an offer to buy, especially at an auction: 'no-one \Ibid\j\b\i for that chair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to command or tell: 'we \Ibid\j\b\i the travellers farewell'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to declare the number of tricks a player thinks he or she will win. \Bbid\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbidding\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an order or command.
#
\Hbiddy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an old woman. diminutive of \IBridget\j\b\i
#
\Hbide\h
\Pverb\p \Bbide one's time\j\b\i, to wait for a favourable opportunity.
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\Hbidet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bee\j\b\i-day \Pnoun\p a low basin on which one sits to wash one's genitals and posterior. French, a small horse
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\Hbiennale\h
\Isay\j\b\i beea-\CX1nar\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p an exhibition (usually of art) held every two years.
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\Hbiennial\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1enn\j\b\iial \Padjective\p relating to or occurring every two years, especially a plant which takes two years to complete its life cycle. \Bbiennial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbiennially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jbiannual\j\b\i.
#
\Hbier\h
\Isay\j\b\i beer \Pnoun\p a stand on which a corpse, or the coffin containing it, is placed before burial.
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\Hbifocals\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1fo\j\b\i-k'ls plural \Pnoun\p a pair of spectacles in which the lenses are in two sections, the upper half for seeing distant objects, the lower half for reading.
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\Hbifurcate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-fer-kate \Pverb\p to divide into two branches. \Bbifurcate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbifurcation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Latin \Ifurca\j\b\i a fork
#
\Hbig\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p large in size, importance, etc.:
(as an \Padjective\p) 'she has \Ibig\j\b\i ambitions and should go far'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'she thinks \Ibig\j\b\i but does little'.
\IUsages\j\b\i
a) 'the mare was \Ibig\j\b\i with young' (= pregnant).
b) 'it was \Ibig\j\b\i of you to pay for us' (= generous).
c) 'that's all just \Ibig\j\b\i talk' (= boastful, exaggerated). \Bbigness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbigamy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bigg\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the crime of going through a marriage ceremony with one person when already married to another. \Bbigamist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbigamous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Greek \Igamos\j\b\i marriage
#
\Hbig bang theory\h
the theory that the universe began in a single huge explosion of a super-dense concentration of energy and matter and is still expanding.
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\Hbig dipper\h
See \Jroller-coaster\j\b\i.
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\Hbig end\h
short form of \Bbig end bearing\j\b\i
the end of a connecting rod attached to the crankshaft of a piston engine.
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\Hbig game\h
\CX11.\j\b\i any large animals hunted for sport.
\CX12.\j\b\i any important or valuable objectives.
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\Hbig-headed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) conceited.
#
\Hbig-hearted\h
\Padjective\p generous or kind.
#
\Hbight\h
\Isay\j\b\i bite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a bend in the coastline. b) a body of water bounded by such a bend:╩'the Great Australian \IBight\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a rope between the ends.
#
\Hbigot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bigg\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p a person who is intolerant or prejudiced in matters of religion, race, etc. \Bbigoted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbigotry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbig-time\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) at the top or most important level: 'a \Ibig-time\j\b\i gangster'. \Bbig-time\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the top.
#
\Hbig toe\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i See \Jgreat toe\j\b\i.
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\Hbig top\h
a) the main tent used in a circus. b) the circus itself.
#
\Hbigwig\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an important person.
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\Hbike\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a bicycle.
#
\Hbikie\h
\Pnoun\p a member of a gang that rides motorcycles.
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\Hbikini\h
\Isay\j\b\i be-\CX1kee\j\b\inee \Pnoun\p a pair of very small, two-piece bathers, consisting of a bra and pants. name of the Pacific atoll laid bare by atomic bomb tests
#
\Hbilateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p of or affecting two sides or parties: 'Britain and Australia made a \Ibilateral\j\b\i trade agreement.' \Bbilaterally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbilberry\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwhortleberry\j\b\i
a small, round, edible, dark purple berry with a firm skin.
#
\Hbilby\h
\Pnoun\p either of two kinds of bandicoots with silky fur and large, rabbit-like ears. Aboriginal
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\Hbile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the bitter yellow secretion of the liver, which is stored in the gall bladder and is essential for fat digestion.
\CX12.\j\b\i bad temper or irritability. Latin \Ibilis\j\b\i gall, bile, anger
#
\Hbilge\h
\Isay\j\b\i bilj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a) the lowest parts of the inside of a boat. b) the water which collects in these parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense.
#
\Hbilingual\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1ling\j\b\i-w'l \Padjective\p able to speak two languages with ease. \Bbilingually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbilingualism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbilious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bil\j\b\i-yus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to bile.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a statement of money owed for goods supplied or services rendered.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a suggested or proposed law which has not yet been passed by parliament.
\CX13.\j\b\i a notice, advertisement or poster.
\CX14.\j\b\i a banknote: 'a five-dollar \Ibill\j\b\i'.
\Bbill of fare\j\b\i, a menu.
\Bbill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to send a bill to: '\Ibill\j\b\i me for the goods'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to advertise or proclaim: 'he is \Ibilled\j\b\i as a top star'.
#
\Hbill (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a bird's beak.
#
\Hbillabong\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Boxbow\j\b\i
\IAustralian:\j\b\i a branch of a river which flows away from the main stream and forms a separate curve or bend.
#
\Hbillboard\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhoarding\j\b\i.
#
\Hbillet (1)\h
\Pverb\p to assign to a lodging: 'the students were \Ibilleted\j\b\i at private homes in the town'. \Bbillet\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
#
\Hbillet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick of firewood.
\CX12.\j\b\i a solid block of metal suitable for rolling or extrusion.
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\Hbillet-doux\h
\Isay\j\b\i billay-\CX1doo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a love-letter. French \Ibillet\j\b\i note + \Idoux\j\b\i sweet
#
\Hbillfold\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a wallet.
#
\Hbillhook\h
\Pnoun\p a long-handled tool with a hooked blade for trimming or pruning trees.
#
\Hbilliards\h
\Pnoun\p a game for two played on a rectangular table using a long cue and three balls. The aim is to hit balls into pockets at the side, or to hit two other balls in succession.
#
\Hbilling\h
\Pnoun\p the relative position in which an entertainer or act is listed on publicity material.
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\Hbillion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bill\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 1{\shad \j\b\i000{\shad \j\b\i000{\shad \j\b\i000{\shad \j\b\i000 or 10{\up6 12\j\b\i (a million million) in most countries, as distinct from 1000{\shad \j\b\i000{\shad \j\b\i000 or 10{\up6 9\j\b\i in America and France. Compare \Jtrillion\j\b\i. \Bbillionaire\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has a thousand million dollars, pounds, etc. \Bbi-\j\b\i + (mi)\Bllion\j\b\i
#
\Hbill of exchange\h
a written order for the payment of a specific sum of money to a particular person. Compare \Jpromissory note\j\b\i.
#
\Hbill of rights\h
\IPolitics:\j\b\i an official statement of the rights of citizens in a country.
#
\Hbill of sale\h
a document transferring property from one person to another.
#
\Hbillow\h
\Pnoun\p a large wave or surge: 'the smoke rose in great \Ibillows\j\b\i'. \Bbillow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbillowy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbilly\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bbillycan\j\b\i
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a tin-plated or enamelled pot with a lid and a handle, used over open fires to boil water, etc. Aboriginal \Ibilla\j\b\i water
#
\Hbilly-cart\h
\Pnoun\p a home-made, children's vehicle consisting of planks or a box on wheels. Compare \Jgo-cart\j\b\i.
#
\Hbilly-goat\h
\Pnoun\p a male goat. Compare \Jnanny-goat\j\b\i.
#
\Hbimbo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an attractive but unintelligent young woman. Compare \Jhimbo\j\b\i.
#
\Hbimonthly\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1mun\j\b\ithlee \Padjective\p a) occurring once every two months. b) occurring twice every month.
#
\Hbin\h
\Pnoun\p a container, usually with a lid, for holding foods, rubbish, etc.
#
\Hbinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-na-ree \Padjective\p of or relating to two. Latin \Ibini\j\b\i a pair
#
\Hbinary number system\h
also called the \Bbinary code\j\b\i, \Bbinary notation\j\b\i or \Bbinary scale\j\b\i
a number system to the base 2, using only 0 and 1 and often used in computers. \IExamples\j\b\i: 10 means 2, 11 means 3, 100 means 4, 101 means 5, etc.
#
\Hbinary star\h
also called a \Bdouble star\j\b\i
any pair of stars which revolve around each other.
b) '\Ibind\j\b\i the cake mixture with eggs' (= cause to stick together).
c) 'the old manuscript was \Ibound\j\b\i in leather' (= covered). \Bbind\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something that binds, b) (informal) a bore or nuisance; \Bbinding\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a book cover.
#
\Hbinder\h
\Pnoun\p anything which binds, such as a substance used to join bricks or a machine which ties cut grain.
#
\Hbinge\h
\Isay\j\b\i binj \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wild or prolonged bout of drinking, eating, etc. Lincolnshire dialect \Ibinge\j\b\i to soak
#
\Hbingle\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a minor car accident.
#
\Hbingo\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Blotto\j\b\i
a game in which contestants match numbers on a card with those drawn at random.
#
\Hbinnacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bin\j\b\ini-k'l \Pnoun\p the case which contains a ship's compass.
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\Hbinoculars\h
\Isay\j\b\i bin\CX1-nok-\j\b\iyoolarz plural \Pnoun\p an instrument with lenses for both eyes, used for making distant objects appear closer. \Bbinocular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, involving the use of both eyes. Latin \Ibini\j\b\i a pair + \Ioculus\j\b\i an eye
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\Hbinomial\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1noe\j\b\i-meeal \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i having two Latin names.
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\Hbinominal\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1nom\j\b\i-enal \Padjective\p \IMaths:\j\b\i of or relating to an expression containing two terms, e.g. \Ix+y\j\b\i.
\Bbinomial theorem\j\b\i, a method for calculating the \In\j\b\ith power of a binomial without lengthy multiplication. \Bbinomial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Greek \Inomos\j\b\i a part
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\Hbio-\h
a prefix meaning life or living things, as in \Ibiology\j\b\i.
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\Hbiochemistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-o-\CX1kemm\j\b\iis-tree \Pnoun\p the study of the chemical substances and processes in living things. \Bbiochemical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbiochemically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbiochemist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbiochip\h
\Pnoun\p a computer chip which is combined with organic molecules.
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\Hbiodegradable\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-o-de\CX1grade\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p able to be broken down into natural substances by organisms, especially bacteria, in the environment.
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\Hbiodiversity\h
\Pnoun\p the variety of plant and animal species of the biosphere or a given region of the biosphere.
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\Hbiodynamics\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-o-die-\CX1namm\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of energy and activity in living things.
\Bbiodynamic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\IFarming:\j\b\i establishing a harmonious relationship between cultivated crops and the environment, using natural organic sprays and fertilisers.
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\Hbioethics\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with a singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the field of ethical principles related to medical, biological or environmental practice or research. \Bbioethical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbioethically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbiofeedback\h
\Pnoun\p a technique in which a person controls his or her bodily responses by monitoring changes in pulse rate, temperature, blood pressure, etc.
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\Hbiogas\h
\Pnoun\p a gas emitted from decaying organic matter.
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\Hbiogenesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-o-\CX1jenn\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the principle that living matter is produced only from other living matter. Compare \Jspontaneous generation\j\b\i.
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\Hbiography\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the life story of a person written by another. Compare \Jautobiography\j\b\i. \Bbiographical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i by-o-\CX1graff\j\b\iik'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbiographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bbio-\j\b\i + Greek \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hbiological control\h
the use of living things to control pests and parasites, e.g. by using a viral disease to kill rabbits.
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\Hbiological warfare\h
any warfare using toxins, bacteria, etc. to destroy human, animal or plant life.
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\Hbiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1olla\j\b\i-jee \Pnoun\p the study of living things. \Bbiological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i by-o-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bbio-\j\b\i + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hbiomass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\io-mass \Pnoun\p the amount of new growth of plant and animal tissue which accumulates in an ecosystem.
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\Hbionic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-onik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having artificial body parts, such as limbs, which are electronically or mechanically powered.
an electronic device which transmits sounds to the brain.
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\Hbiophysics\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-o-\CX1fizz\j\b\iiks \Pnoun\p the application of the science of physics to the study of biological processes.
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\Hbiopsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-opsee \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the removal and study of a sample of body tissue, usually to aid diagnosis. \Bbio-\j\b\i + Greek \Iopsis\j\b\i sight
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\Hbiosensor\h
\Pnoun\p an electronic chip which is combined with a protein to monitor biological processes.
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\Hbiosphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-o-sfeer \Pnoun\p the part of the earth where living organisms are found.
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\Hbiotechnology\h
\Pnoun\p the production of goods or services using micro-organisms.
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\Hbiotic\h
\Padjective\p pertaining to life.
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\Hbiotite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-o-tite \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a dark brown, green or black mineral of the mica group, widely found in igneous rocks such as granite. after \IJ. B. Biot\j\b\i, 1774-1862, a French physicist
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\Hbipartisan\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1part\j\b\iizan \Padjective\p involving the agreement of two parties, especially political parties.
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\Hbipartite\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1par\j\b\itite \Padjective\p dividing into or involving two parts.
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\Hbiped\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-ped \Padjective\p having two feet. \Bbiped\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Latin \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hbiplane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-plane \Pnoun\p an old type of aeroplane with two pairs of wings, one above the other.
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\Hbirch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of deciduous, Northern Hemisphere trees with slender branches and smooth bark, used for timber.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rod or bundle of birch twigs, used as a whip. \Bbirch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to punish with a birch.
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\Hbird (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a large group of warm-blooded, feathered, vertebrate animals with wings by which most are able to fly.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person, especially one with some peculiarity.
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\Hbird (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a young woman. Middle English \Iburde\j\b\i lady
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\Hbirdie\h
\Pnoun\p \IGolf:\j\b\i a score of one stroke less than par for a hole. Compare \Jeagle\j\b\i.
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\Hbirdlime\h
\Pnoun\p a sticky substance which is smeared on branches to catch small birds.
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\Hbird of paradise\h
a tropical bird with brilliantly coloured feathers, found especially in New Guinea.
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\Hbird's-eye\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i seen from above.
\CX12.\j\b\i general: 'a \Ibird's-eye\j\b\i view of history.
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\Hbiretta\h
\Pnoun\p a square cap worn by certain members of the Roman Catholic and Anglican clergy.
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\Hbirl\h
\Pnoun\p burl \Iinformal\j\b\i a ride or drive: 'let's go for a \Ibirl\j\b\i in the car'.
\Bgive it a birl\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to try to do something.
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\HBiro\h
\Pnoun\p a ballpoint pen. a trademark
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\Hbirth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act, time or process of being born: 'the baby weighed 4{\shad \j\b\ikg at \Ibirth\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this book examines the \Ibirth\j\b\i of Islam' (= beginning).
\CX12.\j\b\i one's descent or origin: 'he is German by \Ibirth\j\b\i'.
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\Hbirth control\h
any method of contraception.
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\Hbirthday\h
\Pnoun\p the day or date of one's birth.
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\Hbirthday suit\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the state of being naked.
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\Hbirthmark\h
\Pnoun\p a congenital mark on the body.
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\Hbirth rate\h
the number of births in proportion to the total population at a given time, expressed per 1000 people. Compare \Jdeath rate\j\b\i.
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\Hbirthright\h
\Pnoun\p something to which one is entitled by birth.
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\Hbiscuit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bis\j\b\ikit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small baked food made from flour, fat and flavourings.
\CX12.\j\b\i any unglazed low-fired pottery.
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\Hbisect\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1sekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to divide into two, usually equal, parts. \Bbisection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbisector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which bisects. \Bbi-\j\b\i + Latin \Isectus\j\b\i cut
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\Hbisexual\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to both sexes, male and female.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i containing both male and female reproductive organs. \Bbisexually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbisexual\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbishop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a clergyman of high rank in charge of a diocese.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a piece that may move any number of squares diagonally. \Bbishopric\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office or diocese of a bishop. Greek \Iepiskopos\j\b\i overseer
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\Hbismuth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1biz-\j\b\imuth \Pnoun\p element number 83, a brittle metal used in alloys with a low melting point. Its compounds are used in medicine.
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\Hbison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-s'n \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbison\j\b\i
in America called a \Bbuffalo\j\b\i
a large ruminant with shaggy mane, short horns and high, humped shoulders.
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\Hbisque\h
\Isay\j\b\i bisk \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an unglazed white china.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i a thick soup, usually made from shellfish or game.
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\Hbistro\h
\Pnoun\p a small casual restaurant, sometimes with a self-service area. French
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\Hbit (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bar of metal or rubber passing through a horse's mouth and attached to the reins to help control the horse.
\CX12.\j\b\i the cutting part of certain tools, especially drills.
\Btake the bit between one's teeth\j\b\i, to act boldly and independently.
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\Hbit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small piece or amount.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'wait a \Ibit\j\b\i' (= short time).
b) 'a ten-cent \Ibit\j\b\i' (= coin).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbit by bit\j\b\i, 'he built his home \Ibit by bit\j\b\i' (= slowly, in stages).
\Bdo one's bit\j\b\i, 'we felt obliged to \Ido our bit\j\b\i' (= make a contribution).
\Bnot a bit of it\j\b\i, not at all, by no means.
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\Hbit (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a digit in the binary number system, either 0 or 1, which is used to represent instructions and data in a computer. Compare \Jbyte\j\b\i. \Bb\j\b\i(inary) + (dig)\Bit\j\b\i
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\Hbitch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a female dog.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a) a malicious or unpleasant person, especially a woman. b) a complaint.
\Bbitch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to complain. b) to talk maliciously about someone.
a) 'the acid \Ibit\j\b\i into the metal' (= ate, corroded).
b) 'what's \Ibiting\j\b\i him?' (= annoying).
c) 'the fish are \Ibiting\j\b\i well tonight' (= taking the lure).
d) 'the dentist asked him to \Ibite\j\b\i on the X-ray film' (= close the teeth).
\Bbite off more than one can chew\j\b\i, to take on more than one can cope with.
\Bbite\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of biting.
\CX12.\j\b\i an injury resulting from biting.
\CX13.\j\b\i a mouthful.
\CX14.\j\b\i a small meal or snack.
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\Hbiting\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-ting \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i keen or piercing: 'a \Ibiting\j\b\i wind'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sarcastic or cutting: 'a \Ibiting\j\b\i comment'.
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\Hbit mapping\h
\IComputers\j\b\i: the relationship between the bits which represent the image in memory and the image displayed on the screen. One or more bits must be stored for each pixel on the screen.
\Bbit-mapped graphic\j\b\i, a pictorial screen image which is composed of pixels.
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\Hbit part\h
a small or unimportant role in a play, film or opera.
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\Hbits per second\h
short form is \Bbps\j\b\i
a measure of the speed at which a device such as a computer can manipulate and/or transfer data.
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\Hbitter\h
\Padjective\p being harsh or disagreeable in taste.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'don't go out in that \Ibitter\j\b\i cold without your scarf' (= piercing).
b) 'she suffered \Ibitter\j\b\i sorrow after his death' (= distressing, hard to bear).
c) 'he had only \Ibitter\j\b\i words for his ex-girlfriend' (= sarcastic, cutting).
d) 'he carried \Ibitter\j\b\i jealousy in his heart' (= intense).
\Bbitter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a strong draught beer with a sharp taste. Compare \Jmild\j\b\i. \Bbitterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbitterness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbittern\h
\Pnoun\p any of various Northern Hemisphere herons, commonly found on marshes.
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\Hbitters\h
plural \Pnoun\p a liquid obtained from herbs, used in small amounts to flavour drinks.
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\Hbitumen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bit\j\b\i-yoomen \Pnoun\p a black sticky mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from natural deposits or by distilling petroleum. \Bbituminous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bit-\CX1yoom\j\b\ii-nus), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, asphalt
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\Hbivalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i by-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nt \Padjective\p also called \Bdivalent\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i having a valency or combining power of two. \Bbi\j\b\i- + Latin \Ivalens\j\b\i strong
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\Hbivalve\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-valv \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a mollusc having a shell with two hinged parts, such as an oyster. Compare \Junivalve\j\b\i.
to camp in the open. \Bbivouac\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbiweekly\h
\Padjective\p a) occurring every two weeks. b) occurring twice a week.
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\Hbizarre\h
\Isay\j\b\i biz-\CX1ar\j\b\i \Padjective\p very strange or odd. \Bbizarrely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbizarreness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bblabbed\j\b\i, \Bblabbing\j\b\i)
a) to reveal a secret. b) to tell tales. \Bblabbermouth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who blabs.
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\Hblack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the darkest achromatic colour, reflecting virtually no light.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has this colour: 'dressed in \Iblack\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any member of a dark-skinned race of people.
\Bin the black\j\b\i, a) being on the credit side of an account, entered in black ink; b) having money or capital. Compare \Jin the red\j\b\i under \Bred\j\b\i.
\Bblack\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having the colour black.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it was a \Iblack\j\b\i day for all concerned' (= unlucky, calamitous).
b) 'a \Iblack\j\b\i look' (= sullen, nasty).
c) 'we ordered two \Iblack\j\b\i coffees' (= without milk or cream).
d) 'he committed many \Iblack\j\b\i deeds' (= evil, wicked).
e) 'the film is an example of \Iblack\j\b\i comedy' (= pessimistic, bitter or gruesome).
\Bblack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to impose a ban on a firm, product or country, in a trade union dispute. \Bblackish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bblackly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bblackness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblackball\h
\Pverb\p to deny a person membership of something, usually by voting against him or her.
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\Hblack ban\h
a ban applied by a trade union against a particular country, product, etc.
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\Hblack belt\h
a sign of rank awarded to a grade of mastership in judo, etc.
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\Hblackberry\h
\Pnoun\p an edible, dark purple berry which grows on a thorny bush.
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\Hblackbird\h
\Pnoun\p a songbird related to the thrush, the male being black and the female brown.
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\Hblackbirding\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian history:\j\b\i the kidnapping of natives from the Pacific islands in the 19th century, to provide labour for the sugar industry in Queensland. \Bblackbirder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblackboard\h
\Pnoun\p a board painted black, suitable for writing on with chalk.
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\Hblack box\h
a specially protected electronic device installed in an aircraft to record any information about its flight which may be useful if there is a crash.
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\Hblackboy\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgrasstree\j\b\i
an Australian plant with green, reed-like leaves at the base of a tall, black central flower-stalk.
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\Hblackbutt\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i any of several varieties of eucalypt.
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\Hblackcurrant\h
\Pnoun\p a small, black, edible fruit growing on a shrub.
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\HBlack Death\h
\IHistory:\j\b\i the bubonic plague which spread from Asia to Europe in the 14th century.
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\Hblacken\h
\Pverb\p to make or become black.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the gossip began as an attempt to \Iblacken\j\b\i his character' (= defame, malign).
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\Hblackguard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blagg\j\b\iard \Pnoun\p a scoundrel. \Bblackguardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hblackhead\h
\Pnoun\p a blocked skin pore having a dark, greasy head.
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\Hblack hole\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a theoretically possible region a space where matter is so condensed by gravitation that no radiation can escape from it and anything approaching it will disappear.
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\Hblacking\h
\Pnoun\p a preparation, such as polish, for blackening shoes, stoves, etc.
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\Hblackjack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a large cup or jug, usually made of leather.
\CX12.\j\b\i the flag of a pirate ship.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i See \Jpontoon (2)\j\b\i. \Bblackjack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to strike with a club.
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\Hblackleg\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a worker who refuses to join a trade union or take part in a strike. Also called a \Bscab\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i an infectious disease of cattle and sheep which causes swellings in the legs and is usually fatal.
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\Hblack list\h
a list of people who are suspected or disapproved of. \Bblack-list\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblack magic\h
magic which is used for evil purposes.
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\Hblackmail\h
\Pnoun\p the crime of demanding payment in return for not revealing damaging information. \Bblackmail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bblackmailer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HBlack Maria\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a police patrol wagon for carrying prisoners.
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\Hblack market\h
the illegal buying and selling of commodities, ignoring price controls, rationing, etc. \Bblack marketeer\j\b\i, a person who operates on the black market.
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\Hblackout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the extinguishing or concealment of lights in a city or district, as a result of power failure or during enemy air attacks at night.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government ordered a \Iblackout\j\b\i of news on the scandal' (= concealment).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness. \Bblack out\j\b\i, to lose consciousness for a short period.
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\Hblack pudding\h
also called \Bblood pudding\j\b\i
a dark sausage made from blood, fat, flour and seasonings packed into a skin and boiled.
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\Hblack sheep\h
a person regarded as worthless or inferior by his or her family, group, etc.
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\Hblacksmith\h
\Pnoun\p a craftsman who forges iron objects, such as horseshoes, with a hammer and anvil.
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\Hblack stump\h
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a mythical object at a great distance.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbeyond the black stump\j\b\i, 'the homestead was \Ibeyond the black stump\j\b\i' (= at an infinite distance).
\Bthis side of the black stump\j\b\i, 'the park stretched to \Ithis side of the black stump\j\b\i' (= an infinite area).
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\Hblackthorn\h
\Pnoun\p a thorny, deciduous, Northern Hemisphere shrub with white blossoms and purple, plum-like fruit.
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\Hblack tie\h
See \Jbow tie\j\b\i.
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\Hblacktracker\h
\Pnoun\p an Aboriginal who uses well-developed powers of observation to follow a person's trail, often employed by police in the outback.
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\Hblack widow\h
a very poisonous American spider, the female of which eats its mate.
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\Hblackwood\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a tall variety of acacia whose timber is used in cabinet-making.
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\Hbladder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any elastic sac for storing fluids, such as urine, in an organism.
\CX12.\j\b\i any inflatable bag: 'a football \Ibladder\j\b\i'.
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\Hbladderwrack\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bladd\j\b\ia-rak \Pnoun\p a large, branched, brown seaweed with many air-bladders, usually found attached to rocks in shallow water.
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\Hblade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a flat cutting part of a sword, knife, etc. b) a sword or knife.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, broad, flat part of anything: a) 'the \Iblade\j\b\i of an oar'; b) 'a \Iblade\j\b\i of grass'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a smart, dashing young fellow.
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\Hbladebone\h
\Pnoun\p a cut of beef from the shoulder of the animal.
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\Hblame\h
\Pverb\p to find fault with or hold responsible for a wrong or error.
\Bto blame\j\b\i, 'who's \Ito blame\j\b\i for this awful mess?' (= responsible). \Bblame\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bblameworthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, deserving blame; \Bblameless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, innocent or free from blame.
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\Hblanch\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i branch \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become pale or white: 'to \Iblanch\j\b\i with fear'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to immerse in water, often boiling, in order to remove skins, separate grains, etc. French \Iblanc\j\b\i white
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\Hblancmange\h
\Isay\j\b\i bla-\CX1monj\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a flavoured, jelly-like dessert. French \Iblanc\j\b\i white + \Imanger\j\b\i to eat
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\Hbland\h
\Padjective\p mild, smooth or non-stimulating: a) 'a \Ibland\j\b\i diet'; b) 'a \Ibland\j\b\i smile'. \Bblandly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bblandness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblandishment\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) flattering or coaxing words. \Bblandish\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblank\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unmarked: 'put your name in the \Iblank\j\b\i space'.
\CX12.\j\b\i empty.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she gave him a \Iblank\j\b\i look' (= expressionless).
b) 'your behaviour was \Iblank\j\b\i stupidity' (= utter).
c) 'a \Iblank\j\b\i wall' (= with no openings, exits, etc.).
\Bblank\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an empty space: a) '\Iblanks\j\b\i in a document'; b) 'the accident is a \Iblank\j\b\i in her memory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an empty or unmarked object, such as a form to be filled in, or a sheet of metal to be stamped into a finished article.
\CX13.\j\b\i a cartridge containing powder but no bullet and therefore harmless.
\Bdraw a blank\j\b\i, to fail. \Bblankly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) without expression or understanding, b) directly; \Bblankness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblanket\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of soft woollen or other material, especially used as a bed covering.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was a \Iblanket\j\b\i of smog above the city' (= layer). \Bblanket\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or as if with a blanket; \Bblanket\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being general or covering a whole group.
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\Hblank verse\h
See \Jverse\j\b\i.
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\Hblare\h
\Pverb\p to make a prolonged, harsh, loud noise: 'the hi-fi next door was \Iblaring\j\b\i all night'. \Bblare\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblarney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blar\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p smooth, flattering but obviously deceptive talk. after a stone in \IBlarney Castle\j\b\i, Ireland, said to give the gift of persuasive speech
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\HblasΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blah\j\b\izay \Padjective\p indifferent or bored. French \Iblaser\j\b\i to exhaust
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\Hblaspheme\h
\Isay\j\b\i blas-\CX1feem\j\b\i \Pverb\p to speak disrespectfully about a deity or sacred things. \Bblasphemer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who blasphemes; \Bblasphemy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bblasphemous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blas\j\b\ifa-mus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hblast\h
\Isay\j\b\i blahst \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong gust of wind, jet of air, etc.: a) 'the furnace gave out a \Iblast\j\b\i of hot air'; b) 'a \Iblast\j\b\i of sound'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an explosive charge. b) the ignition of an explosive charge. c) the shockwave caused by an explosion.
\Bfull blast\j\b\i, 'the car was going \Ifull blast\j\b\i' (= at top speed).
\Bblast\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to blow a trumpet, car horn, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to explode or blow up: 'the bomb \Iblasted\j\b\i three city blocks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to wither, shrivel or destroy: 'a late spring frost \Iblasted\j\b\i the tomato plants'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to damn.
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\Hblast furnace\h
a vertical, cylindrical furnace heated from the bottom by a blast of hot air, and used to extract iron from its ores.
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\Hblast-off\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlift-off\j\b\i.
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\Hblatant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blay\j\b\i-t'nt \Padjective\p extremely obvious or conspicuous: a) '\Iblatant\j\b\i advertisements insult the intelligence'; b) 'a \Iblatant\j\b\i lie'. \Bblatantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblather\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bla\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any stupid or babbling talk. \Bblather\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bblatherer\j\b\i, \Bblatherskite\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a babbling or foolish person.
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\Hblaze (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bright flame or fire: 'firemen rushed to the \Iblaze\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the flowers were a \Iblaze\j\b\i of colour' (= glow).
b) 'she threw the plate at him in a \Iblaze\j\b\i of frustration' (= sudden outburst).
\Blike blazes\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very energetically.
\Bblaze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to burn or shine brightly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the battleship's guns \Iblazed\j\b\i away' (= fired).
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\Hblaze (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark made on a tree by removing a patch of bark, to indicate a path, boundary, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a white mark on the face of a horse, cow, etc.
\Bblaze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to mark a tree with blazes.
\Bblaze a trail\j\b\i, a) to mark a trail with blazes; b) to pioneer or be the first.
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\Hblaze (3)\h
\Pverb\p to proclaim or make known.
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\Hblazer\h
\Pnoun\p a coloured, often blue, lightweight jacket, usually with a school or club badge on the breast pocket.
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\Hblazon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blay\j\b\iz'n \Pverb\p to proclaim publicly or in a conspicuous manner: 'headlines \Iblazoned\j\b\i the outbreak of war'.
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\Hbleach\h
\Pverb\p to make or become white, pale or colourless: 'his hair was \Ibleached\j\b\i by the sun'. \Bbleach\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a chemical agent used to bleach clothes, etc.
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\Hbleak\h
\Padjective\p a) cold or windswept: 'a \Ibleak\j\b\i hillside'. b) cheerless, dismal or dreary: 'the future seemed \Ibleak\j\b\i to her'.
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\Hbleary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bleer\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p blear (of the eyes) blurred and watery. \Bblear\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make bleary; \Bblearily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbleariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbleat\h
\Pverb\p to cry like a sheep or goat.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I wish you'd stop \Ibleating\j\b\i about being misunderstood' (= complaining). \Bbleat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbleed\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbled\j\b\i, \Bbleeding\j\b\i)
to lose blood from an artery or vein.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the sap \Ibled\j\b\i from the tree' (= oozed).
b) 'the new shirt \Ibled\j\b\i in the wash' (= ran).
c) 'I \Ibleed\j\b\i for the families of the drowned men' (= feel deep sympathy).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the blackmailer \Ibled\j\b\i him for years' (= got money from). \Bbleeder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbleeding\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) bloody.
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\Hbleep\h
\Pnoun\p a short, high-pitched sound, especially that made by electronic or radio equipment. \Bbleep\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblemish\h
\Pnoun\p a stain, mark or defect: a) 'she was proud of the strawberry-shaped \Iblemish\j\b\i on her cheek'; b) 'a parking fine is not a \Iblemish\j\b\i on one's driving record'. \Bblemish\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblench\h
\Pverb\p to shrink back or draw away: 'she \Iblenched\j\b\i at the idea'.
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\Hblend\h
\Pverb\p to join different things together so that they can no longer be separately distinguished: a) 'this wine was \Iblended\j\b\i from local and imported wines'; b) 'the rabbit's colouring \Iblended\j\b\i with that of the dry grass'. \Bblend\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mixture of several things; \Bblender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i an electrical device in which foods can be finely chopped to an even texture.
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\Hbless\h
\Pverb\p (\Bblessed\j\b\i or \Bblest\j\b\i, \Bblessing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or \Ppronoun\pce holy: 'the archbishop \Iblessed\j\b\i the new church'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to ask divine favour for: a) '\Ibless\j\b\i this house'; b) '\Ibless\j\b\i you for being so kind'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i to make the sign of the cross: 'to \Ibless\j\b\i oneself on entering a church'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is \Iblessed\j\b\i with a good brain' (= favoured, endowed).
\CX11.\j\b\i a) holy or sacred. b) divinely favoured or fortunate.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) damned: 'this \Iblessed\j\b\i machine won't work'. b) a word used for emphasis: 'he spent every \Iblessed\j\b\i cent on gambling'. \Bblessedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bblessedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being blessed.
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\Hblessing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the words or ceremony used to bless.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which leads to happiness, favour, etc.: 'the legacy was a \Iblessing\j\b\i to the impoverished family'.
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\Hblew (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bblow (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hblew (2)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bblow (3)\j\b\i.
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\Hblight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various plant diseases, usually caused by fungi.
\CX12.\j\b\i any destructive influence. \Bblight\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to destroy, ruin or cause to decay.
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\Hblighter\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fellow, often one who is disliked or pitied.
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\Hblimp\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jairship\j\b\i.
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\Hblind\h
\Padjective\p lacking the sense of sight.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has \Iblind\j\b\i faith in doctors' (= unquestioning).
b) 'there's a \Iblind\j\b\i corner at the bottom of the hill' (= hidden from view).
c) 'she murdered him in a fit of \Iblind\j\b\i passion' (= uncontrolled).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'your brother became \Iblind\j\b\i at the party' (= very drunk).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bblind to\j\b\i, 'he is \Iblind to\j\b\i his own faults' (= unable or unwilling to see).
\Bturn a blind eye to\j\b\i, to pretend not to notice.
\Bblind\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make blind or as if blind: a) 'he was \Iblinded\j\b\i by the explosion'; b) 'the headlights \Iblinded\j\b\i her for a moment'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Iblinded\j\b\i by success' (= deprived of common sense).
\Bblind\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a strip of cloth or other material pulled down over a window to keep light out.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cover which hides or conceals: a) 'we could observe the wild animals from a \Iblind\j\b\i'; b) 'the import business was a \Iblind\j\b\i for a smuggling racket'. \Bblindly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a blind manner; \Bblindness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bblindingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblind alley\h
\CX11.\j\b\i an alley closed at one end.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place from where it is not possible to proceed: 'the false clue was just another \Iblind alley\j\b\i in the investigation'.
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\Hblind date\h
a date with a person of the opposite sex whom one has not met before.
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\Hblindfold\h
\Pverb\p to cover the eyes with a cloth or bandage to prevent sight. \Bblindfold\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblind man's buff\h
a children's game in which a blindfolded player tries to catch and identify other players.
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\Hblind spot\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the small spot on the eye which has no light-sensitive cells, where the optic nerve attaches to the retina.
\CX12.\j\b\i a subject about which a person cannot think or judge clearly.
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\Hblindworm\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jslow-worm\j\b\i.
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\Hblink\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to open and shut the eyes rapidly.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of lights) to shine intermittently.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he would not \Iblink\j\b\i at using violence to get his way' (= hesitate).
\Bblink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of blinking.
\Bon the blink\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not working, out of order. \Bblinking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) confounded.
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\Hblinker\h
\Pnoun\p either of two stiff leather flaps attached to a bridle on either side of a horse's head to stop it seeing sideways.
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\Hblip\h
\Pnoun\p a spot of light on a radar screen, representing a particular object.
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\Hblip\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a short sound.
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\Hbliss\h
\Pnoun\p a state of ecstatic happiness and contentment. \Bblissful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bblissfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblister\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin-walled swelling on the skin containing a watery liquid, usually due to rubbing or a burn.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar swelling, as in old paint. \Bblister\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to raise or cause to raise blisters; \Bblistering\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, severely critical or scathing.
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\Hblister pack\h
a type of packaging which has a clear covering moulded over the item.
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\Hblithe\h
\Isay\j\b\i bli\Ith\j\b\ie \Padjective\p cheerful, gay or carefree. \Bblithely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblithering\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) stupid, foolish or talkative.
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\Hblitz\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden attack in a military offensive, especially using aircraft.
\CX12.\j\b\i any intense attack or campaign: 'a \Iblitz\j\b\i against untidiness'. \Bblitz\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. short form of German \IBlitzkrieg\j\b\i lightning war
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\Hblizzard\h
\Pnoun\p a fierce storm of wind and snow.
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\Hbloat\h
\Pverb\p to swell out or puff up, especially with a gas or liquid.
\Bbloat, bloating\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a condition in cattle, horses, sheep, etc., caused by eating excessive amounts of green fodder which ferments and distends the stomach.
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\Hblob\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, round mass, drop or spot.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shapeless mass.
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\Hbloc\h
\Isay\j\b\i blok \Pnoun\p a group of parties or countries joining together for a particular purpose.
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\Hblock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid mass or piece, especially of wood, stone, etc. and usually flat-sided or cube-like.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an area in a city or town bounded by four roads: 'the chemist is in the next \Iblock\j\b\i'. b) a building lot: 'a \Iblock\j\b\i of land'. c) a row of houses. d) a large building containing flats, offices, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which obstructs: 'police have set up a \Iroadblock\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a metal plate with a raised image from which an illustration is printed.
\CX15.\j\b\i a writing pad: 'do you sell scribbling \Iblocks?\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a quantity, number or section taken as a whole: 'a \Iblock\j\b\i of cinema tickets'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IAthletics:\j\b\i a starting block.
\Bblock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to hinder or prevent the movement of: a) 'a determined woman \Iblocked\j\b\i his way'; b) 'the Opposition \Iblocked\j\b\i the Bill in Parliament'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iblocked\j\b\i the ball with her bat'. (= stopped).
\CX12.\j\b\i to mount on or provide with blocks: 'they used heavy jacks to \Iblock\j\b\i up the old house'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bblock in\j\b\i, 'I'll \Iblock in\j\b\i the details later' (= fill in).
\Bblock out\j\b\i, 'I'll \Iblock out\j\b\i the plan so you'll have a general idea' (= sketch, outline). \Bblockish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like a block, b) stupid; \Bblockishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bblockishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblockade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the blocking of sea or land communications by an armed force.
\CX12.\j\b\i any blocking or obstruction of progress, movement, etc. \Bblockade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hblockage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blokk\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p an obstruction or blocking.
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\Hblock and tackle\h
a set of ropes and pulleys with a hook, used for lifting.
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\Hblockbuster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a very heavy, World War 2 bomb, designed to penetrate concrete blockhouses, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an outstanding or exceptionally successful novel, film or show.
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\Hblockhead\h
\Pnoun\p a person regarded as stupid.
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\Hblockhouse\h
\Pnoun\p a fortified building with small openings for shooting through.
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\Hblockish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jblock\j\b\i.
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\Hblockout\h
\Pnoun\p a protective cream applied to shield the skin from the infra-red rays of the sun.
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\Hbloke\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a man.
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\Hblond\h
\Padjective\p blonde (of hair, etc.) light in colour. \Bblond\j\b\i, \Bblonde\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person with blond hair; \Bblondness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblood\h
\Isay\j\b\i blud \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the red fluid, a mixture of cells and liquid plasma, pumped by the heart throughout the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person's descent or ancestry: 'they are related by \Iblood\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the defeated team is really out for \Iblood\j\b\i' (= revenge, violence).
b) 'we need a bit of new \Iblood\j\b\i in the office' (= life).
c) 'don't tease him when his \Iblood\j\b\i is up' (= temper).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbad blood\j\b\i, hostility or ill feeling.
\Bin cold blood\j\b\i, deliberately.
\Bblood\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cause to bleed.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give hunting dogs their first taste of blood. \Bbloodless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) without bloodshed, b) cold or unfeeling.
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\Hbloodbath\h
\Pnoun\p a massacre or slaughter.
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\Hblood brother\h
a person who has sworn brotherhood, especially by the ceremonial mingling of blood.
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\Hblood count\h
a count of the number of red or white cells in a specific volume of blood.
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\Hbloodcurdling\h
\Padjective\p terrifying or horrible.
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\Hblood feud\h
a murderous feud between families or clans.
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\Hblood group\h
any of several classes into which blood is grouped depending on its reactions with specific antibodies.
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\Hbloodhound\h
\Pnoun\p one of a breed of large, strong, smooth-haired, keen-scented hounds, used for tracking and hunting.
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\Hbloodless\h
\Padjective\p See \Jblood\j\b\i.
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\Hblood money\h
any money gained at the cost of another's life.
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\Hblood-poisoning\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsepticaemia\j\b\i.
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\Hblood pressure\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the pressure exerted by the blood on the inner walls of blood vessels, arteries, etc. which varies in different parts of the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) high blood pressure.
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\Hblood pudding\h
black pudding.
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\Hblood relation\h
a person related by birth, not marriage.
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\Hbloodshed\h
\Pnoun\p any slaughter or shedding of blood.
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\Hbloodshot\h
\Padjective\p (of eyes) being red because of dilated blood vessels.
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\Hblood sport\h
any sport where blood is shed, such as hunting.
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\Hbloodstock\h
\Pnoun\p any thoroughbred horses.
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\Hbloodstone\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bheliotrope\j\b\i
a greenish variety of chalcedony with small, scattered red spots.
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\Hbloodstream\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the blood flowing through the body.
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\Hbloodthirsty\h
\Padjective\p violent or murderous. \Bbloodthirstily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbloodthirstiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hblood vessel\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any tube or vessel which contains or transports blood within the body.
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\Hbloody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bludd\j\b\iee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i marked or stained with blood: 'a \Ibloody\j\b\i handkerchief'.
\CX12.\j\b\i violent or accompanied by bloodshed: 'a \Ibloody\j\b\i battle'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) damned: 'you \Ibloody\j\b\i fool'. b) very: 'a \Ibloody\j\b\i big piece of timber just missed him'.
\Bbloody\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbloodied\j\b\i, \Bbloodying\j\b\i)
to mark or stain with blood. \Bbloody\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (informal) very; \Bbloodily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbloodiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbloody-minded\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) deliberately obstructive or unhelpful. \Bbloody-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbloom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flower.
\CX12.\j\b\i the time or state of flowering: 'the wattle is in \Ibloom\j\b\i early this year'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a white, powdery coating on a surface, as on certain fruits, metals, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the dancer is in the \Ibloom\j\b\i of youth' (= peak, prime).
b) 'she looked thin and had lost the \Ibloom\j\b\i on her cheeks' (= healthy glow).
\Bbloom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to flower.
\CX12.\j\b\i to flourish or grow vigorous and healthy. \Bblooming\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) damned.
#
\Hbloomer\h
\Pnoun\p a silly or embarrassing blunder.
#
\Hbloomers\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pair of soft, loose, women's underpants.
\CX12.\j\b\i a loose pair of women's trousers, formerly used for cycling, etc. after \IMrs Amelia Bloomer\j\b\i, 1818-94, an American feminist
#
\Hblossom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bloss\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flower, especially the flower of a fruit tree.
\CX12.\j\b\i the time or state of flowering: 'the apple trees are in \Iblossom\j\b\i'.
\Bblossom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to flower.
\CX12.\j\b\i to flourish or develop fully. \Bblossomy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hblot\h
\Pnoun\p a spot or stain, especially of ink.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the newspaper's allegations are a \Iblot\j\b\i on his character' (= blemish).
\Bblot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bblotted\j\b\i, \Bblotting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to spot or stain.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dry or soak up.
\Bblot out\j\b\i, a) 'the sun was \Iblotted out\j\b\i by the clouds' (= hidden); b) 'she tried to \Iblot out\j\b\i the memory' (= destroy, wipe out).
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\Hblotch\h
\Pnoun\p a large irregular spot. \Bblotchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hblotting paper\h
also called \Bblotter\j\b\i
any thick, absorbent paper used to dry ink.
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\Hblotto\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) drunk.
#
\Hblouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cows \Pnoun\p a shirt, especially a loose or decorative one.
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\Hblow (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i slow \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hard, sudden stroke with the hand, a weapon, etc.: 'a painful \Iblow\j\b\i on the head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shock or setback: 'her death was a great \Iblow\j\b\i to the family'.
\CX11.\j\b\i (of air) to be in motion: 'the winter wind \Iblows\j\b\i hard in this climate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to produce or emit a current of air: 'she \Iblew\j\b\i on her cold hands'. b) to move something by a current of air: 'the wind \Iblew\j\b\i the tree down'. c) to produce sound by a current of air: '\Iblow\j\b\i your trumpet'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to squander: 'he \Iblew\j\b\i the whole inheritance at the races'. b) to fail at: 'trust you to \Iblow\j\b\i a simple job like that!'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the fuse \Iblew\j\b\i' (= burnt out).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bblow in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to arrive unexpectedly.
\Bblow one's own trumpet\j\b\i, to praise oneself.
\Bblow out\j\b\i, to extinguish.
\Bblow over\j\b\i, 'the scandal will soon \Iblow over\j\b\i' (= subside, be forgotten).
\Bblow up\j\b\i, a) to explode; b) to enlarge a photograph, etc.; c) to inflate.
to flower, especially of a bud opening into a flower.
#
\Hblower\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blo-\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device which forces air through a fire, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a telephone.
#
\Hblowfly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of flies which usually deposit their eggs or larvae in flesh, etc. on which the larvae feed.
#
\Hblowgun\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jblowpipe\j\b\i.
#
\Hblowhole\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hole worn through the roof of a coastal cave by wave action and through which air and water are forced by the rising tide.
\CX12.\j\b\i the spiracle of a whale.
#
\Hblowlamp\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bblowtorch\j\b\i
a torch which burns kerosene under pressure to produce a very hot flame, used for burning off old paint, etc.
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\Hblow-out\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden bursting of a tyre on a motor vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i an escape of oil or gas from a well, due to a sudden surge of high pressure below ground which forces the oil through the safety devices which normally contain it.
\CX13.\j\b\i a sudden increase in spending over budget.
#
\Hblowpipe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a weapon consisting of a tube through which a dart or pellet is blown. Also called a \Bblowgun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pipe through which a stream of gas is directed at a flame to increase its heat.
#
\Hblow-up\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an explosion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large copy of a print or negative.
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\Hblow-wave\h
\Pnoun\p any hairstyle created using a hand-held drier and shaping the hair as it dries. \Bblow-wave\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hblowy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1blo\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p windy: 'a \Iblowy\j\b\i winter's day'.
#
\Hblowzy\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i lousy \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i untidy or dishevelled.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a ruddy complexion.
#
\Hblub\h
\Pverb\p (\Bblubbed\j\b\i, \Bblubbing\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to weep or sob noisily.
#
\Hblubber\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a thick layer of fat under the skin of aquatic mammals, such as whales and seals, which provides insulation and is a source of oil.
\Bblubber\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to weep noisily.
#
\Hbludge\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to avoid work and responsibilities, especially by imposing on others. \Bbludger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbludgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bluj\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a short, heavy club. \Bbludgeon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hblue\h
\Isay\j\b\i bloo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a primary colour like that of a clear sky. b) the colour between green and indigo in the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has this colour: 'dressed in \Iblue\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a fight. b) a mistake.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person who has played for his or her university in certain sports.
\Bout of the blue\j\b\i, suddenly or unexpectedly.
\Bblue\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or having the colour blue.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Iblue\j\b\i mood' (= depressed, unhappy).
b) '\Iblue\j\b\i movies' (= obscene, pornographic).
c) 'a \Iblue\j\b\i steak' (= very lightly cooked). \Bblueness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bblue\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbluish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbluebell\h
\Pnoun\p a small European plant with spikes of blue, bell-shaped flowers, growing from a bulb.
#
\Hblueberry\h
\Pnoun\p a small, smooth, edible, bluish berry which grows on a shrub.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a group of large blue and green flies.
#
\Hblue cheese\h
also called \Bblue vein\j\b\i
any cheese with a greenish-blue mould through it.
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\Hblue-collar worker\h
any person employed in a trade or manual work, and receiving a wage. Compare \Jwhite-collar worker\j\b\i.
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\Hbluegrass\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various grasses, used as fodder, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i traditional country music, especially from the southern states of the United States of America.
#
\Hblue gum\h
one of a number of species of eucalypt, especially the Tasmanian blue gum, the floral emblem of Tasmania.
#
\Hblue heeler\h
any of a breed of medium-sized dogs with a dappled coat, bred in Australia and New Zealand as cattle-dogs.
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\Hblue-pencil\h
\Pverb\p to make deletions in a script, etc., with or as if with a blue pencil, especially to remove indecencies.
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\Hblueprint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a photographic copy printed in white on blue paper.
\CX12.\j\b\i a detailed outline or plan.
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\Hblues\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of depression or melancholy.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a style of jazz which developed from the slow, sad songs of the early American Negroes. from \Iblue devils\j\b\i, an old phrase for melancholia
#
\Hbluestone\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbasalt\j\b\i.
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\Hbluetongue lizard\h
any of a group of Australian lizards growing up to 0.5 m long, with a greyish-brown body and a vivid blue tongue.
#
\Hblue vein\h
See \Jblue cheese\j\b\i.
#
\Hblue whale\h
also called a \Bsulphur-bottom\j\b\i
a whale found in arctic and antarctic waters. It is the largest mammal which has ever lived, growing from 21-30 m in length and weighing up to 100 tonnes.
#
\Hbluey\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealnd:\j\b\i a) a swag. b) a red-headed person.
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\Hbluff (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a prominent, steep headland or cliff. \Bbluff\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, abrupt; \Bbluffly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbluffness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. German \Iblaf\j\b\i flat
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\Hbluff (2)\h
\Pverb\p to mislead or deceive by a display of confidence. \Bbluff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbluish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jblue\j\b\i.
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\Hblunder\h
\Pnoun\p a stupid mistake. \Bblunder\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a stupid mistake, b) to move or act awkwardly.
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\Hblunderbuss\h
\Pnoun\p a large musket having a short barrel with a wide muzzle which scatters shot at close range. Dutch \Idonder\j\b\i thunder + \Ibuss\j\b\i gun
#
\Hblunt\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a dull, rounded edge or tip: 'a \Iblunt\j\b\i knife'.
\CX12.\j\b\i abrupt and straightforward in manner. \Bblunt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbluntly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbluntness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hblur\h
\Pverb\p (\Bblurred\j\b\i, \Bblurring\j\b\i)
to make or become indistinct: 'the tears in her eyes \Iblurred\j\b\i her vision momentarily'. \Bblurry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bblur\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hblurb\h
\Pnoun\p an advertisement or description of a product, especially one printed on the jacket of a book.
#
\Hblurt\h
\Pverb\p to speak impulsively: 'he \Iblurted\j\b\i out the secret'.
#
\Hblush\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to become red in the face, from embarrassment or shame.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be ashamed: 'he \Iblushed\j\b\i to admit his mistake'. \Bblush\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbluster\h
\Pverb\p to blow in loud, violent gusts, as wind.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iblustered\j\b\i confusedly throughout the argument' (= noisily and ineffectually). \Bbluster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bblustering\j\b\i, \Bblustery\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
#
\Hboa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various large, non-poisonous snakes, such as the South American \Bboa constrictor\j\b\i, noted for coiling around its prey and crushing it to death.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long wrap made of feathers, fur, etc. worn around the neck.
#
\Hboar\h
\Isay\j\b\i bore \Pnoun\p a male pig.
#
\Hboard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, flat piece of timber, used in building.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, flat slab of wood, card, etc. used for a special purpose: a) 'an \Iironing-board\j\b\i'; b) 'a chess \Iboard\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the daily meals, especially when paid for: 'bed and \Iboard\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a group of people appointed to manage the affairs of a company, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the theatre.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo by the board\j\b\i, to be discarded or neglected.
\Bon board\j\b\i, on or in a ship, aeroplane, etc.
\Bboard\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fit or close with boards.
\CX12.\j\b\i to enter a ship, aeroplane, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be supplied with meals, and usually accommodation, in exchange for payment. \Bboarder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who pays for food and lodgings.
#
\Hboarding house\h
also called a \Brooming house\j\b\i
a building with accommodation for paying guests.
#
\Hboarding school\h
a school which provides some or all students with board and lodgings.
#
\Hboardwalk\h
\Pnoun\p a promenade paralell to the beach or the water.
#
\Hboast\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i post \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to speak with excessive pride, especially about oneself.
\CX12.\j\b\i to possess something which one is proud of: 'this city \Iboasts\j\b\i the oldest church in the country'. \Bboast\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bboaster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who boasts.
#
\Hboastful\h
\Padjective\p tending to boast. \Bboastfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bboastfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hboat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vessel built to float and travel on water.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape or function of a boat: 'a gravy \Iboat\j\b\i'.
\Bin the same boat\j\b\i, all in the same situation, especially an unfortunate one. \Bboat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hboater\h
\Pnoun\p a light straw hat with a flat, round crown and brim.
#
\Hboathouse\h
\Pnoun\p a shed built near or over the water for storing small boats.
#
\Hboatswain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-s'n \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbo's'n\j\b\i or \Bbosun\j\b\i
a sailor in charge of a ship's rigging, boats and anchors.
#
\Hbob (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbobbed\j\b\i, \Bbobbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move up and down: 'we could see the ball \Ibobbing\j\b\i in the water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to curtsy.
\Bbob up\j\b\i, to appear or come into view suddenly. \Bbob\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbob (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short haircut.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small dangling object, such as the weight on a pendulum.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short chorus. \Bbob\j\b\i (\Bbobbed\j\b\i, \Bbobbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut short, as a horse's tail.
#
\Hbob (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a shilling.
#
\Hbobbin\h
\Pnoun\p an object around which thread or yarn is wound for use in weaving, sewing, etc.
#
\Hbobble\h
\Pnoun\p a small ball which dangles, as on a hat.
#
\Hbobby\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a policeman. after \ISir Robert Peel\j\b\i, who was Home Secretary in Britain when the Police Force was created
#
\Hbobby pin\h
See \Jhairpin\j\b\i.
#
\Hbobby sox\h
a pair of short socks. \Bbobbysoxer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (American, informal) a teenage girl.
#
\Hbobcat\h
\Pnoun\p a wildcat common in America.
#
\Hbobsleigh\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bob\j\b\i-slay \Pnoun\p a racing sledge carrying two or more people and having two sets of runners, the front set of which is used to steer the vehicle.
#
\Hbobtail\h
\Pnoun\p a short or docked tail.
#
\Hbocce\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boch\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p also called \Bboule\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bool)
a form of bowls played with steel balls. Italian
#
\Hbod\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person: 'an odd \Ibod\j\b\i'. short form of \Bbody\j\b\i
#
\Hbode\h
\Pverb\p to be an omen of: 'these results do not \Ibode\j\b\i well for his future'.
#
\Hbodice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bodd\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a woman's fitted garment covering the upper part of the body, often forming part of a dress, etc.
#
\Hbodkin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a blunt needle for sewing with tape, cord, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, pointed instrument for making holes in cloth, etc.
#
\Hbody\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the structure of bones, flesh, etc. of an animal. b) the trunk of an animal: 'he was wounded in the leg and \Ibody\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ibody\j\b\i was found in the boot of the car' (= corpse).
b) 'this wine has a good \Ibody\j\b\i' (= strength, consistency).
c) 'it is in the \Ibody\j\b\i of the poem' (= main part).
\CX12.\j\b\i a distinct object or piece of matter: 'the stars and planets are celestial \Ibodies\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a group or quantity of things or matter: a) 'a \Ibody\j\b\i of troops'; b) 'a \Ibody\j\b\i of water'. \Bbodily\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbodyguard\h
\Pnoun\p a personal or private guard, e.g. for an important person.
#
\Hbody politic\h
a nation or society forming a single unit under its government.
#
\Hbodywork\h
\Pnoun\p the outer shell of a motor vehicle.
#
\HBoer\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \BAfrikaner\j\b\i
a descendant of the early Dutch settlers in South Africa. \BBoer\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Dutch, farmer
#
\Hboffin\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an inventor, originally of airforce equipment. b) a backroom worker.
#
\Hbog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of permanently wet, spongy ground, formed especially by decaying plants.
\Bbog\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbogged\j\b\i, \Bbogging\j\b\i)
to sink in or as if in a bog: 'the car got \Ibogged\j\b\i in the mud'. \Bboggy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Irish, soft
#
\Hbogey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-gee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i the estimated hole or course score for a good player, sometimes one more than par.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a bath.
#
\Hboggle\h
\Pverb\p to be startled or hesitate in fear: a) 'the mind \Iboggles\j\b\i at the idea'; b) 'the horse \Iboggled\j\b\i at the high jump'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her eyes \Iboggled\j\b\i and her jaw dropped' (= became wide in surprise).
#
\Hbogie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-gee \Pnoun\p a trolley or truck, e.g. one supporting a railway locomotive.
#
\Hbogus\h
\Padjective\p counterfeit or sham.
#
\Hbogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-gee \Pnoun\p an evil spirit, or something which causes fear.
#
\Hbohemian\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) an artistic or intellectual person who disregards conventional standards of behaviour. \Bbohemian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \IBohΘmien\j\b\i a gipsy from Bohemia (now in Czechoslovakia)
#
\Hboil (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change a liquid to a vapour by applying heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cook in boiling water, etc.: '\Iboil\j\b\i the chicken for three hours'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iboiled\j\b\i with fury at the injustice of the verdict' (= was very agitated).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it's \Iboiling\j\b\i outside in that sun' (= very hot).
\Bboil down\j\b\i, a) to reduce by boiling; b) 'it all \Iboils down\j\b\i to this' (= shortens, adds up). \Bboil\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition of boiling.
#
\Hboil (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an infection of the skin, causing a swelling with a small pus-filled centre.
#
\Hboiler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vessel in which water is stored, heated and circulated, to be used for heating or power.
\CX12.\j\b\i a chicken suitable for boiling rather than roasting, etc.
#
\Hboilermaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes large industrial metal equipment.
#
\Hboilersuit\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of clothing consisting of trousers and a long-sleeved shirt in one piece.
#
\Hboiling point\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure, and bubbles of vapour freely form within the liquid.
plural \Pnoun\p a throwing weapon consisting of balls attached to cords, used in South America to catch cattle, etc.
#
\Hbold\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fearless and courageous.
\CX12.\j\b\i impudent: 'her \Ibold\j\b\i reply impressed us all'.
\CX13.\j\b\i clear and distinct: 'she has \Ibold\j\b\i handwriting'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i having thick, dark lines, as in \Bbold\j\b\i typeface. \Bboldly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bboldness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbole\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the trunk of a tree.
#
\Hbolero\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bol\j\b\i-airo) a very short jacket, usually sleeveless.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1lair\j\b\io) a) a lively dance from Spain, usually accompanied by singing and castanets. b) the music for such a dance. Spanish
#
\Hboll\h
\Isay\j\b\i bole \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a rounded seed-pod of some plants, such as cotton.
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\Hbollard\h
\Pnoun\p a short, strong post, e.g. one to which a ship may be tied at a dock.
#
\Hboloney\h
\Padjective\p See \Jbaloney\j\b\i.
#
\HBolshevik\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bol\j\b\isha-vik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a Russian communist in the early 20th century.
\CX12.\j\b\i a revolutionary person. \BBolshevik\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbolshie\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) rebellious or having left-wing views.
#
\Hbolster\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bole\j\b\i-sta \Pnoun\p a long, narrow pillow or cushion.
\Bbolster\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to reinforce or support: 'to \Ibolster\j\b\i up one's courage'.
#
\Hbolt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a sliding device for fastening a door, etc. b) the part of a lock moved forward or withdrawn when the key is turned.
\CX12.\j\b\i a heavy metal pin with a thread at one end, used with a nut for holding things together.
\CX13.\j\b\i the length of fabric in a roll, usually about 37{\shad \j\b\im.
\CX14.\j\b\i a sliding, metal bar which closes the breech of a rifle or artillery piece.
\CX15.\j\b\i a short, heavy arrow used with a crossbow.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they made a desperate \Ibolt\j\b\i for the door' (= sudden swift dash).
\Bbolt from the blue\j\b\i, 'the news came as a \Ibolt from the blue\j\b\i' (= complete surprise, like a thunderbolt from a blue sky).
\Bbolt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with a bolt.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or escape hurriedly or without control: 'the horse \Ibolted\j\b\i after its jockey fell'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'please don't \Ibolt\j\b\i your food' (= eat hurriedly).
\Bbolt upright\j\b\i, stiffly erect.
#
\Hbolt-hole\h
\Pnoun\p any place or means of escape.
#
\Hbomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i bom \Pnoun\p any destructive device containing an explosive or incendiary charge.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo like a bomb\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the party \Iwent like a bomb\j\b\i' (= was a great success).
\Bold bomb\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a dilapidated car.
\Bbomb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to attack or destroy with bombs.
\Bbomb out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fail. Latin \Ibombus\j\b\i a booming sound
#
\Hbombard\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to attack with bombs or other artillery weapons.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Ibombard\j\b\i with questions' (= attack vigorously).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i to send a stream of particles towards something. \Bbombardment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbombardier\h
\Isay\j\b\i bomba-\CX1deer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a non-commissioned officer in an artillery regiment, equal in rank to a corporal.
#
\Hbombastic\h
\Padjective\p pompous in speech or writing. \Bbombastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbombast\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbomber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bomm\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a type of aircraft designed to carry and drop bombs.
#
\Hbombshell\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bomb.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden or shocking surprise: 'the news came as a \Ibombshell\j\b\i'.
#
\Hbona fide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-na \CX1fie\j\b\i-dee sincere or without fraud: 'he is a \Ibona fide\j\b\i representative of that company'. \Bbona fides\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, credentials. Latin, in good faith
#
\Hbonanza\h
\Pnoun\p any source of good luck or wealth: 'that mineral strike was a \Ibonanza\j\b\i'. Spanish, fair weather, prosperity
#
\Hbonbon\h
\Pnoun\p a small sweet. French
#
\Hbond\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which binds or holds things together: a) 'a prisoner in \Ibonds\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Ibond\j\b\i of affection'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal promise to perform or not to perform certain actions, etc.: 'a good behaviour \Ibond\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a sum of money paid as a security: 'the tenants must pay a \Ibond\j\b\i in case of damage'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a certificate of debt from a government, etc. and offering repayment with interest by a fixed date.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jcovalent bond\j\b\i, \Bionic bond\j\b\i, and \Bdative bond\j\b\i.
\CX16.\j\b\i the state of having goods stored until the taxes or duties due are paid: 'the shipment was held in \Ibond\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i the arrangement of bricks or stones in a wall in overlapping layers to make the structure stronger.
\CX18.\j\b\i a high-quality paper used for writing, typing, etc. \Bbond\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to join or hold together firmly, b) to place under a bond, c) to provide with a bond; \Bbondage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bon\j\b\idij), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being subjected or enslaved to some force, power or control.
#
\Hbondsman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a serf.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who gives a bond.
#
\Hbondstore\h
\Pnoun\p a building used for the storage of imported goods until import duties are paid.
#
\Hbone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of the separate pieces forming the rigid framework of the body of a vertebrate. b) the hard substance of which this framework is composed, consisting of strands of protein in a bed of calcium phosphate.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of this substance with meat attached: 'a juicy \Ibone\j\b\i for the dog'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any substance or object which resembles or is made of bone.
\CX14.\j\b\i a point of dispute: 'the ownership of the car was a \Ibone\j\b\i of contention between them'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbare bones\j\b\i, the essentials.
\Bbone to pick\j\b\i, 'I have a \Ibone to pick\j\b\i with you' (= reprimand, complaint).
\Bfeel in one's bones\j\b\i, to know instinctively.
\Bpoint the bone\j\b\i, (\IAustralian, informal\j\b\i) to wish or bring bad luck upon.
\Bbone\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove the bones from.
\Bbone up, bone up on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to study in a hurry. \Bboneless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbone china\h
See \Jchina\j\b\i.
#
\Hbone-dry\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very dry.
#
\Hbone-idle\h
\Padjective\p also called \Bbone-lazy\j\b\i
extremely lazy.
#
\Hbonemeal\h
\Pnoun\p a coarse powder of ground bones, used as fertiliser.
#
\Hbonfire\h
\Pnoun\p a large fire built in the open.
#
\Hbongos\h
plural \Pnoun\p bongoes a pair of small drums struck with the hands. Spanish-American
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\Hbonhomie\h
\Isay\j\b\i bonna-\CX1mee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a pleasant, good-natured manner. French \Ibonhomme\j\b\i a good sort
#
\Hbonkers\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy.
#
\Hbon mot\h
\Isay\j\b\i bon \CX1mo\j\b\i plural is \Bbons mots\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bon \Bmo\j\b\i)
a witty remark. French \Ibon\j\b\i good + \Imot\j\b\i word
#
\Hbonnet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a woman's soft hat, with its sides pulled down over the ears and tied under the chin.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various covers or protective devices, such as the hinged or detachable cover for the engine of a motor vehicle.
#
\Hbonny\h
\Padjective\p healthy and good looking: 'a \Ibonny\j\b\i child'.
#
\Hbonsai\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bon\j\b\i-zigh \Pnoun\p a) the art of growing miniature, decoratively shaped trees. b) a tree grown in this way. Japanese \Ibon\j\b\i pot + \Isai\j\b\i plant
#
\Hbonus\h
\Pnoun\p something which is given in addition to what is usual or expected, such as extra money given to an employee as well as his salary. Latin, good
#
\Hbon voyage\h
\Isay\j\b\i bon voy-\CX1ah\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i a wish for a pleasant trip. French
#
\Hbony\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like bones.
\CX12.\j\b\i containing many bones: 'this is a \Ibony\j\b\i piece of fish'.
\CX13.\j\b\i very thin: 'that girl is \Ibony\j\b\i'.
#
\Hbonzer\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) enjoyable or excellent.
#
\Hboo\h
interjection a shout expressing disapproval or contempt, or used to frighten someone. \Bboo\j\b\i (\Bbooed\j\b\i, \Bbooing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hboob\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a fool. b) a foolish mistake. c) (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) breasts. \Bboob\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to make a foolish mistake; \Bbooboo\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a mistake.
#
\Hboobialla\h
\Pnoun\p an erect, evergreen Australian shrub which may grow to about 6 m in height.
#
\Hboobook\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmopoke\j\b\i
an Australian owl with reddish-brown or greyish-brown feathers.
#
\Hbooby\h
\Pnoun\p a fool.
#
\Hbooby prize\h
a prize given in consolation or as a joke to the worst competitor.
#
\Hbooby trap\h
a device or situation which catches a person off guard.
#
\Hboogie-woogie\h
\Pnoun\p an early style of blues piano music dominated by a continuous bass accompaniment.
#
\Hbook\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of sheets of paper bound or fastened together between covers for a particular purpose: a) 'a \Istorybook\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Ichequebook\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written or printed work in this form, especially a literary composition.
\CX13.\j\b\i a division of a larger written or printed work.
\CX14.\j\b\i a record of bets, accounts or similar transactions.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to be in somebody's good \Ibooks\j\b\i' (= favour, opinion).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring to book\j\b\i, to demand an account of.
\Bby the book\j\b\i, 'he does everything \Iby the book\j\b\i' (= formally, absolutely correctly.
\Btake a leaf out of one's book\j\b\i, to copy or follow the example of.
\Bthrow the book at\j\b\i, to make every possible charge against.
\Bbook\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to write or enter in a book or other record.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the police \Ibooked\j\b\i her for speeding' (= recorded a charge against).
b) 'she \Ibooked\j\b\i her purchases at the store' (= bought on credit).
\CX12.\j\b\i to reserve in advance: 'to \Ibook\j\b\i tickets for a play'. \Bbooking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an advance reservation.
#
\Hbookcase\h
\Pnoun\p a series of shelves, usually in a frame, for storing books.
#
\Hbook end\h
a support for keeping books upright on a shelf.
#
\Hbookie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a bookmaker.
#
\Hbookish\h
\Padjective\p fond of reading and study, especially to an extreme degree.
#
\Hbook-keeping\h
\Pnoun\p the art or process of recording financial transactions, accounts, etc.
#
\Hbooklet\h
\Pnoun\p a small book or pamphlet.
#
\Hbookmaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who takes bets on races, competitions, etc.
#
\Hbookmark\h
\Pnoun\p bookmarker a slip of paper or material inserted between the pages of a book to mark one's place.
#
\Hbookmobile\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ik-mo-\CX1beel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a bus or similar vehicle which carries a selection of books from a central library to outlying districts.
#
\Hbookworm\h
\Pnoun\p a person who reads or studies a lot.
#
\Hboom (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a loud, hollow sound, such as the echo of an explosion.
\CX12.\j\b\i to flourish or progress vigorously: 'business \Iboomed\j\b\i in the big city'.
\Bboom\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a loud, hollow sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden increase or growth, as of business, popularity, etc.
#
\Hboom (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long pole attached to the bottom of the sail and often by one end to the mast.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long pole, chain, etc. which can be held across an area of land or water to prevent movement of traffic, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device with a movable arm from which a microphone, etc. can be hung during filming.
#
\Hboomer\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a large male kangaroo.
#
\Hboomerang\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a curved, wooden Aboriginal throwing device which returns to the thrower.
\Bboomerang\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to rebound with harmful effects upon the originator.
#
\Hboom-gate\h
\Pnoun\p a bar which lowers mechanically at a railway crossing to stop traffic as a train approaches.
#
\Hboon (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a benefit or thing to be enjoyed.
#
\Hboon (2)\h
\Padjective\p jolly or jovial: 'a \Iboon\j\b\i companion'.
#
\Hboondocks\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an uninhabited or remote area.
#
\Hboor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is rude, surly and ill-mannered. \Bboorish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bboorishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Dutch \Iboer\j\b\i peasant
#
\Hboost\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to raise by pushing from behind or below.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the advertising campaign \Iboosted\j\b\i sales' (= increased, promoted).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i to supercharge. \Bboost\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an upwards lift, b) an increase; \Bbooster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which boosts or increases, such as an extra injection which prolongs immunity to a disease, or a device which increases power.
#
\Hboot (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy shoe, usually reaching above the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a compartment in the front or rear of a motor car for carrying luggage, etc. In America called a \Btrunk\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a kick.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he was given the \Iboot\j\b\i for stealing' (= dismissal).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bboot's on the other foot\j\b\i, the situation is reversed.
\Bput the boot in\j\b\i, to kick or attack mercilessly.
#
\Hboot (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bto boot\j\b\i, in addition.
#
\Hboot (3)\h
\Pverb\p \IComputers:\j\b\i to begin the procedure which loads the operating system.
#
\Hbooth\h
\Pnoun\p a small, enclosed structure or stall: 'a telephone \Ibooth\j\b\i'.
#
\Hbootleg\h
\Pnoun\p any illegally traded or smuggled item, especially alcohol. \Bbootleg\j\b\i (\Bbootlegged\j\b\i, \Bbootlegging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbootlegger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbooty\h
\Pnoun\p anything stolen or captured in war or by robbery, etc.
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mobile breath analysis centre used by police to test the blood alcohol levels of drivers.
#
\Hboracic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i bo\CX1rass\j\b\iik \CX1ass\j\b\iid See \Jboric acid\j\b\i.
#
\Hborax\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1baw\j\b\i-raks \Pnoun\p sodium borate, a white crystalline solid used as a flux and in making glass.
#
\Hborder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part or line which forms the end or furthest sides of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i the line or area which separates one country, state or place from another.
\Bborder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to form or provide with a border.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lie on the border of: 'Italy \Iborders\j\b\i France and Austria'.
\Bborder on, border upon\j\b\i, a) 'Spain \Iborders on\j\b\i France' (= adjoins); b) 'his fits of temper \Iborder on\j\b\i madness' (= are close to).
#
\Hborderline\h
\Padjective\p close to a given limit, margin or condition: 'a \Iborderline\j\b\i pass in the exam'.
#
\Hbore (1)\h
\Pverb\p to make a hole by digging, drilling, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'lights \Ibored\j\b\i through the darkness' (= penetrated, forced their way).
\Bbore\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a hole made by drilling.
\CX12.\j\b\i the internal diameter of a cylinder, especially that of a gun barrel.
#
\Hbore (2)\h
\Pverb\p to tire by being dull and tedious: 'he \Ibored\j\b\i us with his long tales'. \Bbore\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that bores; \Bboredom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being bored; \Bboring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, uninteresting or tedious.
#
\Hbore (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a tidal wave in a river or estuary.
#
\Hbore (4)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbear (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hborer\h
\Pnoun\p a thing that bores holes, especially an insect which burrows into timber, trees, etc.
#
\Hboric acid\h
also called \Bboracic acid\j\b\i
a white crystalline solid used in medicine, tanning and for glazing pottery.
#
\Hborn\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbear (1)\j\b\i.
\Bbe born\j\b\i, to be brought into the world.
\Bborn\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having an innate quality or talent: 'a \Iborn\j\b\i writer'.
#
\Hborn-again\h
\Padjective\p having experienced a conversion or return to an ideology.
#
\Hborne\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbear (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hboron\h
\Pnoun\p element number 5, a brown, brittle metal used for hardening steel and in enamels and glass. \Bbor\j\b\i(ax) + (carb)\Bon\j\b\i
#
\Hboronia\h
\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1rone\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p any of a group of Australian shrubs.
#
\Hborough\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1burr\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a town, especially one founded on a charter from a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish, American:\j\b\i a town or district with its own local government. Middle English \Iburgh\j\b\i town
#
\Hborrow\h
\Pverb\p to obtain on loan with a promise to return: 'may I \Iborrow\j\b\i $5 until tomorrow?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has \Iborrowed\j\b\i my idea' (= adopted for his own use). \Bborrower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jlend\j\b\i.
#
\Hborsch\h
\Isay\j\b\i borsh \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bborsh\j\b\i or \Bborscht\j\b\i
a Russian soup made from beetroot and served hot or cold.
#
\HBorstal\h
\Pnoun\p a reformatory where young offenders are disciplined, educated and trained for industry. after the first, instituted in 1902 at \IBorstal\j\b\i Kent
#
\Hborzoi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bor\j\b\izoy \Pnoun\p one of a breed of large, long-legged hounds with a pointed head and a soft coat, formerly used to hunt wolves.
#
\Hbo's'n\h
\Pnoun\p bosun See \Jboatswain\j\b\i.
#
\Hbosom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\iz\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the breast of a human.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering the bosom.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in the \Ibosom\j\b\i of the family' (= affectionate centre). \Bbosom\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, close or intimate; \Bbosomy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having large breasts.
#
\Hboss (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has charge or control, especially over workers.
\Bboss\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to act in a domineering manner. \Bbossy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, domineering. Dutch \Ibaas\j\b\i master
#
\Hboss (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a knob-like projection.
#
\Hbossa nova\h
a) a rhythmic, jazz-style dance originally from Brazil.
b) the music for such a dance. Portuguese, new trend
#
\Hbot\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cadge.
#
\Hbotanic garden\h
a public park displaying a wide variety of plants.
#
\Hbotany\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bott\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p the study of plants. \Bbotanist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbotanic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ba-\CX1tann\j\b\iik), \Bbotanical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbotch\h
\Pverb\p to spoil through poor work or clumsiness. \Bbotch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbotfly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of flies with parasitic larvae which feed beneath the skin of mammals.
#
\Hboth\h
\Padjective\p, \Ppronoun\p the two together: (used as an \Padjective\p) 'use \Iboth\j\b\i hands!'. (used as a \Ppronoun\p) '\Iboth\j\b\i of us will go'.
\Bboth\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
equally: 'there is pollution in \Iboth\j\b\i Auckland and New York'.
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\Hbother\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i-a \Pverb\p to cause trouble or annoyance: 'stop \Ibothering\j\b\i me while I'm reading'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't \Ibother\j\b\i to reply' (= concern yourself).
\Bbother\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which bothers or troubles: 'is it a \Ibother\j\b\i to do those tasks now?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a worried or agitated state: 'she got into a real \Ibother\j\b\i over it'. \Bbothersome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, giving or causing bother.
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\Hbottle\h
\Pnoun\p a glass or plastic container for liquid, usually with a narrow neck and an opening which may be sealed.
\Bbottle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put into a bottle.
\Bbottle up\j\b\i, 'she \Ibottled up\j\b\i her emotions' (= confined or restrained).
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\Hbottle-brush\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a brush for cleaning bottles.
\CX12.\j\b\i Australian shrubs with closely packed flower spikes from which brightly-coloured stamens project all around the stem, resembling a bottle-brush.
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\Hbottle green\h
a deep green colour. \Bbottle-green\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbottleneck\h
\Pnoun\p any narrow, congested area: 'the street is a \Ibottleneck\j\b\i for traffic'.
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\Hbottle-o\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who collects empty bottles to sell.
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\Hbottom\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest part of anything, as compared with the top: 'the \Ibottom\j\b\i of the cupboard'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ibottom\j\b\i of the sea' (= ground under).
b) 'we must get to the \Ibottom\j\b\i of this' (= fundamental aspect).
c) 'he landed on his \Ibottom\j\b\i' (= buttocks). \Bbottom\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbottom\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to reach or touch the bottom; \Bbottomless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbotulism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bot\j\b\i-yoolizm \Pnoun\p a disease of the nervous system due to eating contaminated food, and causing double vision and paralysis. \Bbotulinus\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bot-yoo-\CX1lie\j\b\i-nus), \Inoun\j\b\i, the bacterium which causes botulism.
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\HbouclΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boo\j\b\i-klay \Pnoun\p a yarn with loops which produces a fabric with a rough appearance.
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\Hboudoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boo\j\b\i-dwar \Pnoun\p a lady's bedroom. French \Ibouder\j\b\i to pout or sulk
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\Hbouffant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boo\j\b\i-fon \Padjective\p puffed out, e.g. sleeves or a hairstyle. French
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\Hbougainvillaea\h
\Isay\j\b\i bo-gan-\CX1vill\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a climbing, tropical, American plant, now common in Australia, New Zealand and other warm countries. after \IAdmiral de Bougainville\j\b\i, 1729-1811, a French navigator
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\Hbough\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p a large branch of a tree, usually starting at the trunk.
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\Hbought\h
\Isay\j\b\i bawt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbuy\j\b\i. \Bbought, brought\j\b\i are the past tense forms of two separate \Pverb\ps and should not be confused. \IBought\j\b\i is the past tense of 'to buy': 'they \Ibought\j\b\i some flowers at the florist'; whereas \Ibrought\j\b\i is the past tense of 'to bring': 'he \Ibrought\j\b\i a photograph to show us'.
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\Hbouillon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boo\j\b\i-yon \Pnoun\p a clear broth. French \Ibouiller\j\b\i to boil
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\Hboulder\h
\Pnoun\p a large stone.
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\Hboule\h
\Isay\j\b\i bool \Pnoun\p See \Jbocce\j\b\i. French
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\Hboulevard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bool\j\b\ia-vard \Pnoun\p a wide, usually tree-lined street. French
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\Hbounce\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to spring or cause to spring back after hitting something: 'the ball \Ibounced\j\b\i on the concrete'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move in a lively manner: 'she \Ibounced\j\b\i into the room'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) (of a cheque) to be returned unpaid from a bank.
\Bbounce\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a bound or spring.
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\Hbouncer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that bounces, such as a fast ball bowled in cricket which bounces up dangerously at the person batting.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person hired to remove disorderly persons from a dance, etc.
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\Hbouncing\h
\Padjective\p strong and healthy: 'a \Ibouncing\j\b\i baby'.
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\Hbound (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i certain or determined: 'their plan is \Ibound\j\b\i to fail'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (used in compound words) unable to operate, progress, etc. due to: '\Isnowbound\j\b\i'.
\Bbound\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbind\j\b\i.
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\Hbound (2)\h
\Pverb\p to move in leaps: 'he \Ibounded\j\b\i energetically into the room'. \Bbound\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbound (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any limit or boundary: 'there are no \Ibounds\j\b\i to his ambition'.
\Bout of bounds\j\b\i, an area where access is forbidden. \Bbound\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to limit or form the limit of; \Bboundless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unlimited.
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\Hbound (4)\h
\Padjective\p on the way or intending to go: 'homeward \Ibound\j\b\i'.
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\Hboundary\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which indicates the edge: 'this is the \Iboundary\j\b\i of our property'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a four.
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\Hboundary-rider\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a person who works on a sheep or cattle station repairing the fences.
\Padjective\p a) generous: 'a \Ibountiful\j\b\i giver'. b) plentiful: 'a \Ibountiful\j\b\i supply'. \Bbountifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbountifulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbounty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i generosity.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bonus or reward, especially one given by a government, e.g. for killing harmful animals.
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\Hbouquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i bo-\CX1kay\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i boo-\CX1kay\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bunch of flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the characteristic smell of wines or liqueurs. Old French \Ibosquet\j\b\i little wood
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\Hbourbon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\ib'n \Pnoun\p a whisky made from corn. first made in \IBourbon County\j\b\i, America
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\Hbourgeois\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boor\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\iwa \Padjective\p of or thought to be characteristic of the middle class. \Bbourgeois\j\b\i (plural is \Bbourgeois\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of the middle class; \Bbourgeoisie\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i boor-\Izh\j\b\iwa-\CX1zee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the middle class, often with hostile implications that it is stuffily conventional, anti-socialist or anti-communist. French, townsman
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\Hbout\h
\Pnoun\p a period of time in some activity, work, etc.: 'a \Ibout\j\b\i of flu'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a boxing \Ibout\j\b\i' (= contest).
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\Hboutique\h
\Isay\j\b\i boo-\CX1teek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small, fashionable shop usually selling women's clothing or gifts. \Bboutique\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French
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\Hbouzouki\h
\Isay\j\b\i boo-\CX1zoo\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a stringed instrument with a long neck, played by plucking. Greek
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\Hbovine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-vine \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or belonging to a group of four-legged, cloven-hoofed mammals, usually with horns, such as cows, oxen, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i stolid or dull.
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\Hbow (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pverb\p to bend down or sideways: a) 'the branches \Ibowed\j\b\i in the wind'; b) 'he \Ibowed\j\b\i courteously to the Queen'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Ibow\j\b\i to their wishes' (= yield, submit). \Bbow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbow (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i go \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a weapon made from a length of wood or other flexible material with a string tightly stretched between the two ends, used to shoot arrows.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bend or curve.
\CX13.\j\b\i a decorative looped knot.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a stick with horsehairs stretched along it, used to sound the strings of a violin or similar instrument. \Bbow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbow (3)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the front end of a boat. Compare \Jstern (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbowdlerise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bow\j\b\idla-rize \Pverb\p bowdlerize to censor words in a book which are believed to be unsuitable for certain readers. \Bbowdlerisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IDr. T. Bowdler\j\b\i, who published a censored version of Shakespeare's plays in the 19th century
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\Hbowel\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i towel \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the intestine.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the innermost part: 'in the \Ibowels\j\b\i of the earth'.
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\Hbower (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p a shady, leafy shelter.
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\Hbower (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i either of the two jacks of the colour of the trump suit, which has high value in euchre, five hundred, etc. German \IBauer\j\b\i a peasant
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\Hbowerbird\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various Australian birds which live in scrub, the males of which build an elaborate, walled enclosure (a \Bbower\j\b\i), to attract the females.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who collects apparently useless items.
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\Hbowie knife\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-ee nife a sheath-knife which has a long blade and one cutting edge. after \IJames Bowie\j\b\i, 1796-1836, an American pioneer
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\Hbowl (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i bole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a deep, round dish.
\CX12.\j\b\i any rounded, hollow object or area: 'the \Ibowl\j\b\i of a pipe'.
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\Hbowl (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i bole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ball made of wood, rubber or a synthetic material, used in the game of bowls, tenpin bowling, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a roll or delivery of the bowl.
\Bbowl\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to throw or roll a ball.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move along smoothly and rapidly.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i to pitch the ball towards the batsman, with the arm held straight using a circular, overarm motion. \Bbowler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbowling alley\j\b\i, a long, indoor wooden alley for tenpin bowling or skittles.
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\Hbow-legged\h
\Isay\j\b\i bo-\CX1legg\j\b\iid \Padjective\p having legs which bend outwards so that the knees are separated when the ankles are close together.
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\Hbowler hat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bole\j\b\i-a hat short form is \Bbowler\j\b\i
a man's hat with a rounded crown and narrow brim, usually made of felt.
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\Hbowline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-lyne \Pnoun\p a non-slipping knot which forms a loop.
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\Hbowls\h
\Isay\j\b\i boles \Pnoun\p a game played on a green by two to eight players who aim to place their bowls which are biased (weighted on one side), as close as possible to a small white ball, called the \Bjack\j\b\i.
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\Hbowser\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i trouser \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a petrol pump.
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\Hbowsprit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bo\j\b\i-sprit \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a spar projecting from the bow of a boat and holding the forestay.
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\Hbow tie\h
a tie made into a bow at the neck. A \Bblack tie\j\b\i is a black bow tie worn on formal occasions with a dinner jacket; a \Bwhite tie\j\b\i is for the most formal occasions, worn with tails.
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\Hbow window\h
See \Jbay window\j\b\i.
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\Hbowyang\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i the ties used below the knee to keep trouser legs from dragging on the ground, often used by shearers.
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\Hbox (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a container, usually rectangular, and with a lid, made of cardboard, wood, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a separate compartment, container or enclosure: a) 'the glove \Ibox\j\b\i of a car'; b) 'witness \Ibox\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something with the shape of a box: a) 'a \Ibox\j\b\i kite'; b) 'a \Ibox\j\b\i camera'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a collection of money for a charitable purpose or the container in which the money is collected: 'the judge ordered him to put $200 in the poor \Ibox\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a rigid protector for the groin, worn by persons batting, and by wicketkeepers.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i the place where the batter stands to face the pitcher.
\CX17.\j\b\i a small, raised seat in a horse-drawn vehicle, for the driver.
\CX18.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a television. \Bbox\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose in or as if in a box.
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\Hbox (2)\h
\Pverb\p to fight with the fists.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she left home when her father \Iboxed\j\b\i her ears' (= struck, slapped). \Bboxing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or sport of a person who boxes.
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\Hbox (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a) any of several Australian trees, mostly eucalypts, having tight fibrous bark. b) a small evergreen tree, often used for ornamental borders and having hard, fine-grained timber.
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\Hboxcar\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a large, enclosed and covered railway freight van.
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\Hboxer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who boxes, especially in competitions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a breed of large, short-haired dogs of the bulldog type, usually tan or brindled.
#
\HBoxing Day\h
the day after Christmas Day. traditionally the day on which employees received Christmas boxes or presents from their employees.
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\Hbox number\h
a number given in a newspaper advertisement to which replies are sent.
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\Hbox office\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the organisation selling tickets in or for a theatre.
\CX12.\j\b\i the likely popularity or financial success of an entertainment.
#
\Hbox seat\h
the best or most favourable position.
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\Hboy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male child.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is racist, derogatory\j\b\i) a native male servant in certain African and Asian countries. \Bboyish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bboyishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bboyhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hboycott\h
\Pverb\p to refuse to use or deal with, as a method of protest or threat: 'to \Iboycott\j\b\i imported goods'. \Bboycott\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \ICaptain Boycott\j\b\i, 1832-97, an English land agent who was boycotted by Irish workers
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\Hboyfriend\h
\Pnoun\p the current chosen companion and escort of a girl or woman.
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\Hboysenberry\h
\Pnoun\p a black berry which looks and tastes similar to a raspberry.
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\Hbra\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bbrassiere\j\b\i
a close-fitting support for the breasts.
#
\Hbrace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which holds parts together or acts as a support, such as the arrangement of wires and bands fitted against teeth to straighten them.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the straps worn over the shoulders to hold up trousers.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a mark similar to a single bracket, used to connect a series of lines or words.
\CX14.\j\b\i a pair: 'a \Ibrace\j\b\i of rabbits'.
\Bbrace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to support, fix or strengthen with or as if with a brace.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ibraced\j\b\i herself to hear the news' (= prepared, summoned up courage). \Bbracing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, invigorating.
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\Hbrace and bit\h
a drill with a U-shaped crank handle (the \Bbrace\j\b\i) which turns the bit.
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\Hbracelet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a decorative band, chain, etc. worn on the arm.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a frame-like support for a shelf, rack, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of the marks, [ or ], used to indicate that the enclosed word, words or figures are to be treated as a separate unit, as in a sentence or a mathematical formula.
\CX13.\j\b\i a grouping or category: 'people in the high income \Ibracket\j\b\i'. \Bbracket\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to support with a bracket, b) to enclose in, or as if in, brackets.
\Pnoun\p a leaf-like part at the base of a flower.
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\Hbrad\h
\Pnoun\p a small, fine nail with little or no head. A \Bbradawl\j\b\i is an awl for making small holes to hold nails in wood, etc.
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\Hbrag\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbragged\j\b\i, \Bbragging\j\b\i)
to boast. \Bbraggart\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who boasts or brags.
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\Hbrahmin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a breed of cattle with a humped back, bred from Indian zebus.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of the highest Hindu caste, originally priests.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an aloof intellectual.
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\Hbraid\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a decorative band of fabric made of various woven threads and used for trimming, decoration, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plait. \Bbraid\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to weave or plait.
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\Hbraille\h
\Isay\j\b\i brale \Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a system of printing for blind people, using raised symbols which are identified by touch. invented by \ILouis Braille\j\b\i, 1809-52
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\Hbrain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the mass of nerve tissue which controls the functions of the body in most forms of animal life.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an intelligent person.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave something on the brain\j\b\i, to be obsessed or concerned about something.
\Bpick someone's brains\j\b\i, to ask someone for their ideas about something.
\Bbrain\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit on the head.
#
\Hbrainchild\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bbrainchildren\j\b\i
an original plan or thought.
#
\Hbrain drain\h
the departure abroad of significant numbers of highly qualified professional people in search of higher pay and lower taxation.
#
\Hbrainless\h
\Padjective\p stupid or unintelligent.
#
\Hbrainwashing\h
\Pnoun\p a systematic indoctrination to change a person's beliefs or attitudes. \Bbrainwash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrainwave\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sudden inspiration.
#
\Hbrainy\h
\Padjective\p clever.
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\Hbraise\h
\Pverb\p to cook by browning in fat and then stewing with little moisture.
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\Hbrake (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device for slowing the motion of a wheel, motor or vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the parts which make up such a device or system. \Bbrake\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to slow down or stop by or as if by a brake.
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\Hbrake (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small area or thicket of dense undergrowth.
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\Hbramble\h
\Pnoun\p any coarse prickly shrub, especially the blackberry bush.
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\Hbran\h
\Pnoun\p the ground husks of wheat after the flour has been removed.
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\Hbranch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a division or offshoot of the stem of a tree or other plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i any smaller division or section: a) 'the suburban \Ibranch\j\b\i of a bank'; b) 'botany is a \Ibranch\j\b\i of biology'. \Bbranch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbranchiae\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brang\j\b\iki-ee plural \Pnoun\p the gills of fish.
#
\Hbrand\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trademark or name used to identify a product: 'which \Ibrand\j\b\i of soap is best?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) something which indicates type, quality, etc., such as a mark burnt onto cattle as a sign of ownership. b) a tool or iron used for branding.
\CX13.\j\b\i a piece of burning wood. \Bbrand\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to name accusingly.
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\Hbrandish\h
\Pverb\p to wave about: 'to \Ibrandish\j\b\i a sword'.
#
\Hbrand-new\h
\Padjective\p completely new.
#
\Hbrandy\h
\Pnoun\p an alcoholic drink made by distilling wine or fermented fruit juice. \Bbrandy\j\b\i (\Bbrandied\j\b\i, \Bbrandying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to flavour or preserve with brandy.
#
\Hbrash\h
\Padjective\p impertinent, rash or bold.
#
\Hbrass\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i grass \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a large group of malleable, ductile alloys composed of zinc and over 50 per cent copper.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is made of brass.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) any metal instruments, such as trumpets, horns, etc., in which sound is produced by blowing through a mouthpiece. b) the section of an orchestra having these instruments. Compare \Jwoodwind\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \Iinformal\j\b\i a) any important officials, especially military officers. Short form of \Btop brass\j\b\i. b) money. c) impudence. \Bbrass\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbrasserie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brarz\j\b\i-eree \Pnoun\p a restaurant with a casual style that presents plain, cooked foods.
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\Hbrassiere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brassi\j\b\i-air \Pnoun\p See \Jbra\j\b\i.
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\Hbrass tacks\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the basic facts or realities.
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\Hbrassy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bra\j\b\i-see \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i harsh or metallic: 'a \Ibrassy\j\b\i noise'.
\CX12.\j\b\i bold or vulgar: 'a \Ibrassy\j\b\i show'.
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\Hbrat\h
\Pnoun\p a child, especially an irritating one.
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\Hbravado\h
\Isay\j\b\i bra-\CX1vah\j\b\ido \Pnoun\p a display of bravery or courage, especially false bravery.
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\Hbrave\h
\Padjective\p having or displaying courage: 'a \Ibrave\j\b\i deed'.
\Bbrave\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iformerly\j\b\i) a warrior, especially a Native American.
\Bbrave\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to meet or face courageously. \Bbravely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbravery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a brave spirit or conduct.
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\Hbravo\h
\Isay\j\b\i brah-vo interjection well done! good!
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\Hbravura\h
\Isay\j\b\i bra\CX1-vew\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p any daring or brilliant performance. Italian, bravery
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\Hbrawl\h
\Pnoun\p a noisy quarrel or fight. \Bbrawl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbrawn (1)\h
\Pnoun\p muscles, or muscular strength. \Bbrawny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, muscular or strong.
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\Hbrawn (2)\h
\Pnoun\p boiled and moulded meat made from pig's head chopped up with beef.
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\Hbray\h
\Pnoun\p a) the harsh, noisy cry of a donkey. b) any similar sound. \Bbray\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbraze\h
\Pverb\p to join metals by drawing a molten metal, usually a brass alloy, between them.
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\Hbrazen\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i bold or shameless.
\CX12.\j\b\i like or made of brass.
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\Hbrazier (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who works with brass. \Bbraze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or cover with brass.
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\Hbrazier (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a metal container for holding burning fuels such as coal.
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\Hbrazil nut\h
a large, oily, edible nut. originally from \IBrazil\j\b\i, South America
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\Hbreach\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a break, rupture or gap.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of breaking: 'a \Ibreach\j\b\i of promise'. \Bbreach\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbread\h
\Isay\j\b\i bred \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a shaped, baked food made of flour, liquid and yeast or another raising agent.
\CX12.\j\b\i any food or sustenance: 'to earn one's \Ibread\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) money.
\Bbread and butter letter\j\b\i, a letter of thanks for hospitality. \Bbread\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to coat with breadcrumbs.
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\Hbreadbasket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a basket for bread.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main food producing region of a country.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the stomach.
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\Hbreadfruit\h
\Pnoun\p a large, round, tropical fruit commonly used in the Pacific Islands.
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\Hbreadline\h
\Pnoun\p a subsistence level of living.
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\Hbreadth\h
\Isay\j\b\i bredth \Pnoun\p width.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he showed great \Ibreadth\j\b\i of feeling' (= extent).
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\Hbreadwinner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who earns the money for a family or household.
\CX11.\j\b\i to divide into parts, usually by force: 'the vase \Ibroke\j\b\i when it fell to the floor'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to interrupt or discontinue: 'to \Ibreak\j\b\i a habit'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Ibreak out\j\b\i of gaol' (= force one's way).
b) 'you \Ibroke\j\b\i your promise' (= failed to keep).
c) 'her gambling losses finally \Ibroke\j\b\i her' (= ruined).
d) 'to \Ibreak\j\b\i a world record' (= outdo).
e) 'the ball \Ibroke\j\b\i as it bounced' (= changed direction).
f) 'to \Ibreak\j\b\i in a young horse' (= train).
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a voice, etc.) to change in range or tone.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbreak down\j\b\i, a) to analyse; b) to cease to function; c) to be overcome physically or emotionally.
\Bbreak even\j\b\i, to neither win nor lose.
\Bbreak up\j\b\i, a) 'school \Ibreaks up\j\b\i next week' (= ends, separates); b) 'we \Ibroke up\j\b\i at the mad sight' (= laughed uncontrollably).
\Bbreak\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of breaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i an opening, etc. made by breaking; 'a \Ibreak\j\b\i in the wall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ibreak\j\b\i of day' (= beginning).
b) 'a gaol \Ibreak\j\b\i' (= attempt to escape).
c) \Iinformal\j\b\i 'what a lucky \Ibreak\j\b\i!' (= chance).
d) 'morning tea \Ibreak\j\b\i' (= rest).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i a series of successful shots. \Bbreakage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of breaking, b) the amount which is broken.
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\Hbreakdance\h
\Pnoun\p an acrobatic style of dancing, usually performed to rap music. \Bbreakdancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbreakdancing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbreakdance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbreakdown\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a collapse or failure to function: 'a mental \Ibreakdown\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an analysis or summary of important points.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IScience:\j\b\i the act of separating into constituent parts.
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\Hbreaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that breaks.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wave which breaks into foam when it reaches shallow water.
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\Hbreakfast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brek\j\b\i-f'st \Pnoun\p the first meal of the day. \Bbreakfast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Middle English \Ibrek\j\b\i break + \Ifaste\j\b\i a fast
to feed a baby by allowing it to suck milk from the nipple of a woman's breast.
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\Hbreastplate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of armour covering the chest.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a harness which crosses the horse's chest.
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\Hbreast stroke\h
\ISwimming:\j\b\i a style in which the swimmer lies face-down in the water with both arms extended forward and pulls them out sideways in horizontal arcs.
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\Hbreath\h
\Isay\j\b\i breth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the air that is taken in and given out during respiration.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of taking in and giving out such air: 'take a deep \Ibreath\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the smallest amount of something: 'there was not a \Ibreath\j\b\i of wind'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbelow, under one's breath\j\b\i, in a whisper.
\Bin the same breath\j\b\i, at the same time.
\Bout of breath\j\b\i, unable to breathe freely.
\Btake one's breath away\j\b\i, to astonish. \Bbreathless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) out of breath, b) holding the breath, as in fear, excitement, etc.
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\Hbreathalyser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1breth\j\b\ia-lize-a \Pnoun\p breathalyzer an instrument which measures the amount of alcohol in exhaled breath.
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\Hbreathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i bree\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take in and give out air.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'now we can \Ibreathe\j\b\i freely again' (= relax).
b) 'don't \Ibreathe\j\b\i a word about what I've said' (= disclose). \Bbreather\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who breathes; b) (informal) a pause or rest.
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\Hbreathtaking\h
\Padjective\p inspiring awe and admiration: 'the view was \Ibreathtaking\j\b\i'.
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\Hbred\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbreed\j\b\i.
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\Hbreech\h
\Pnoun\p the lower or rear part of something, such as the part of a gun behind the barrel.
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\Hbreech birth\h
a birth in which the baby's buttocks appear first.
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\Hbreeches\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brit\j\b\ichiz plural \Pnoun\p a pair of trousers, especially ones reaching to or just below the knee.
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\Hbreed\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbred\j\b\i, \Bbreeding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to produce offspring: 'many animals \Ibreed\j\b\i in the spring'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce and raise crops, livestock, etc.: 'to \Ibreed\j\b\i bantams'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was born and \Ibred\j\b\i in England' (= brought up, educated).
b) 'hatred \Ibreeds\j\b\i violence' (= causes).
\Bbreed\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a group of animals within a species, which has a common origin: 'a \Ibreed\j\b\i of dog'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a rare \Ibreed\j\b\i of courage' (= kind, sort). \Bbreeder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbreeder reactor\h
short form is \Bbreeder\j\b\i
a nuclear reactor which produces more fissile material than it consumes in converting uranium to plutonium.
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\Hbreeze\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, steady wind.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something very easy: 'the exam was a \Ibreeze\j\b\i'.
\Bbreeze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move lightly and easily: 'he \Ibreezed\j\b\i gaily into the party'. \Bbreezily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbreezy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbreeziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbren gun\h
a light machine-gun. from \Bbr\j\b\i(no) in Czechoslovakia where originally made + \Ben\j\b\i(field) where made in England
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\Hbrethren\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bre\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i-rin \Pnoun\p an old plural of \Bbrother\j\b\i.
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\Hbreve\h
\Isay\j\b\i breev \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the longest note, equal to two semibreves, four minims and so forth.
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\Hbrevet rank\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brevv\j\b\iit rank a one-step higher rank without higher pay: 'he was promoted \Ibrevet\j\b\i colonel for outstanding service in Vietnam'. French, a commission
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\Hbreviary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1breev\j\b\i-ya-ree \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a book containing the services for each day.
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\Hbrevity\h
\Pnoun\p the fact of being short or brief. Latin \Ibrevis\j\b\i short
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\Hbrew\h
\Isay\j\b\i broo \Pverb\p to make a drink by soaking, boiling or fermenting: 'to \Ibrew\j\b\i beer'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is trouble \Ibrewing\j\b\i between the unions' (= forming).
\Bbrew\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a drink made by brewing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a strange \Ibrew\j\b\i of kindness and egotism' (= mixture). \Bbrewer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who brews; \Bbrewery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where beer and similar drinks are brewed.
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\Hbriar\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbrier\j\b\i.
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\Hbribe\h
\Pnoun\p anything offered or given to persuade a person to do something, usually dishonest: 'the judge was offered several \Ibribes\j\b\i to acquit the politician'. \Bbribe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbribery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbric-a-brac\h
\Pnoun\p bric-α-brac any odd items of furniture, jewellery or ornaments of decorative or antique interest. Old French \Iα bric et α brac\j\b\i at random
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\Hbrick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a block made of baked clay or a similar substance, used to build walls, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any shaped block of a substance: 'a \Ibrick\j\b\i of vanilla ice-cream'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a kind or generous person.
\Bdrop a brick\j\b\i, to make a clumsy or indiscreet mistake. \Bbrick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fit, enclose or build with bricks.
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\Hbricklayer\h
\Pnoun\p a person whose work is to build structures with bricks.
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\Hbride\h
\Pnoun\p a woman who is about to be or is newly married. \Bbridal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a bride or wedding.
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\Hbridegroom\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgroom\j\b\i.
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\Hbridesmaid\h
\Pnoun\p an unmarried woman who attends the bride at a wedding.
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\Hbridge (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any structure built over and across something, usually to provide passage: 'a wooden \Ibridge\j\b\i across the river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a bridge, such as a thin support for the strings of a musical instrument.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the bony, upper line of the nose.
\CX14.\j\b\i an artificial tooth or teeth, usually supported on either side by the natural teeth.
\CX15.\j\b\i a raised platform over the deck of a ship, used by the captain or officers. \Bbridge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cross or extend across.
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\Hbridge (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a card game for four players in which one pair attempts to win the number of rounds specified by bids. In \Bauction bridge\j\b\i all tricks won count towards the score but in \Bcontract bridge\j\b\i only the winning tricks which were bid for count towards the game.
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\Hbridgehead\h
\Pnoun\p a fortified area established in enemy territory, especially on the enemy side of a river, etc.
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\Hbridle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an arrangement of leather strips, with a bit and reins, fitted around the head of a horse to guide or control it.
\CX12.\j\b\i any device used to restrain or control, such as a cable used to limit movement of machine parts.
\Bbridle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put a bridle on.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must \Ibridle\j\b\i your resentment' (= control).
b) 'he \Ibridled\j\b\i at their rude remarks' (= drew back in pride and scorn).
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\Hbridlepath\h
\Pnoun\p a path or track for horses.
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\Hbrief\h
\Isay\j\b\i breef \Padjective\p short: a) 'a \Ibrief\j\b\i weather forecast'; b) 'a \Ibrief\j\b\i skirt'.
\Bbrief\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any outline or instructions given concerning a project, duty, etc., e.g., to a barrister concerning a case.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) short underpants.
\Bin brief\j\b\i, 'here is today's news \Iin brief\j\b\i' (= in a few words). \Bbrief\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a briefing to; \Bbriefly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbriefness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbriefcase\h
\Pnoun\p a case, often leather, for carrying books, papers, etc.
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\Hbriefing\h
\Pnoun\p any instructions, especially those given to a military unit before an operation.
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\Hbrier\h
\Pnoun\p briar \CX11.\j\b\i a European shrub with a hard, woody root used in making tobacco pipes.
\CX12.\j\b\i any prickly bush, especially a rosebush.
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\Hbrigade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an organised group of people, usually in uniform, who perform special duties: 'a fire \Ibrigade\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a tactical army unit consisting of three battalions or armoured units. Italian \Ibrigata\j\b\i a troop
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\Hbrigadier\h
\Isay\j\b\i brigga-\CX1deer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a colonel and a major general.
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\Hbrigalow\h
\Pnoun\p any of various acacias occurring as low scrub in the northern parts of inland Australia. Aboriginal
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\Hbrigand\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brigg\j\b\iand \Pnoun\p a bandit or robber. \Bbrigandage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbright\h
\Padjective\p shining or giving out much light: 'a \Ibright\j\b\i star'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ibright\j\b\i smile' (= cheerful).
b) '\Ibright\j\b\i red' (= vivid).
c) 'a \Ibright\j\b\i pupil' (= clever).
\Bbrighten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make more bright or cheerful: 'sunlight \Ibrightened\j\b\i the room'. \Bbrightly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbrightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbrilliant\h
\Padjective\p very bright or sparkling: '\Ibrilliant\j\b\i sunshine'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it was a \Ibrilliant\j\b\i victory' (= distinguished, admirable).
b) 'he is \Ibrilliant\j\b\i at maths' (= very clever).
\Bbrilliant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a cut diamond or other gem which sparkles. \Bbrilliance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbrilliantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbrim\h
\Pnoun\p the upper or outer edge of anything: 'the \Ibrim\j\b\i of a hat'.
\Bbrim\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbrimmed\j\b\i, \Bbrimming\j\b\i)
to be full to overflowing: 'cutting onions made her eyes \Ibrim\j\b\i with tears'. \Bbrimfull\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, completely full.
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\Hbrimstone\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for sulfur.
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\Hbrindle\h
\Pnoun\p a) a brownish-grey colour with darker streaks or spots. b) an animal of this colour. \Bbrindled\j\b\i, \Bbrindle\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hbrine\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i water which contains or is saturated with salt, used for preserving meat, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the sea. \Bbriny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbriny\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) the sea; \Bbrine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to treat or pickle in brine.
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\Hbring\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbrought\j\b\i, \Bbringing\j\b\i)
a) to cause to come with oneself: 'do \Ibring\j\b\i a friend to the party'.
b) to cause to come: 'what \Ibrought\j\b\i that to mind?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I could not \Ibring\j\b\i myself to do it' (= persuade, make).
b) 'the house \Ibrought\j\b\i a good price' (= sold for).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring about\j\b\i, 'what \Ibrought about\j\b\i the accident?' (= caused).
bring down\j\b\i,
\Bbring off\j\b\i, 'how on earth did you \Ibring\j\b\i it \Ioff\j\b\i?' (= do successfully).
\Bbring on\j\b\i, 'the drinking spree \Ibrought on\j\b\i a gout attack' (= caused).
\Bbring round\j\b\i, \Bbring to\j\b\i, a) to restore to consciousness; b) to convince.
\Bbring up\j\b\i, a) to raise or educate; b) 'do not \Ibring up\j\b\i that subject' (= mention); c) to vomit.
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\Hbrink\h
\Pnoun\p the very edge: 'the \Ibrink\j\b\i of a cliff'.
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\Hbrinkmanship\h
\Pnoun\p the practice of tempting disaster or danger to achieve one's aims.
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\Hbriquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i bri\CX1ket\j\b\i \Pnoun\p briquet a small block of compressed coal dust, used for fuel. French, a small brick
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\Hbrisk\h
\Padjective\p quick or lively: 'a \Ibrisk\j\b\i walk'. \Bbriskly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbriskness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbrisket\h
\Pnoun\p the breast of an animal, especially a cut of meat containing this part.
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\Hbristle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1briss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any short, coarse, stiff hair.
\Bbristle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to stand on end like a bristle: 'her hair \Ibristled\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'mother \Ibristled\j\b\i at the suggestion' (= reacted in horror and anger).
b) 'the house \Ibristled\j\b\i with police' (= was full of). \Bbristly\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1briss\j\b\i-lee), \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or covered with bristles.
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\HBritish thermal unit\h
a unit of energy, equal to about 1060 joule.
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\HBriton\h
\Pnoun\p an inhabitant of Britain, especially ancient Britain.
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\Hbrittle\h
\Padjective\p hard but fragile and easily broken: 'a \Ibrittle\j\b\i glass'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ibrittle\j\b\i temper' (= difficult to deal with).
b) 'a \Ibrittle\j\b\i smile' (= false).
\Bbrittle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sweet made of burnt sugar, nuts, etc.: 'peanut \Ibrittle\j\b\i'. \Bbrittleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbroach\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i coach \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to begin to talk about: 'please do not \Ibroach\j\b\i the subject again'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pierce, especially to draw liquid out of a cask.
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i to turn side-on to wind and waves.
\Bbroach\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a long, tapered tool, e.g. for making holes larger.
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\Hbroad\h
\Isay\j\b\i brawd \Padjective\p wide or large: a) 'a \Ibroad\j\b\i smile'; b) 'a person of \Ibroad\j\b\i experience'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'in \Ibroad\j\b\i daylight' (= full, complete).
b) 'a \Ibroad\j\b\i outline' (= general).
c) 'a \Ibroad\j\b\i hint' (= obvious).
d) 'a \Ibroad\j\b\i Australian accent' (= strong).
e) '\Ibroad\j\b\i jokes' (= crude).
\Bbroad\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a woman. \Bbroadly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbroaden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbroad bean\h
a variety of bean with large, flat edible seeds and a thick pod.
#
\Hbroadcast\h
\Pverb\p (\Bbroadcast\j\b\i or \Bbroadcasted\j\b\i, \Bbroadcasting\j\b\i)
to send out by television or radio: 'all stations \Ibroadcast\j\b\i the news at 7 o'clock'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'please do not \Ibroadcast\j\b\i the secret' (= spread).
\Bbroadcast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any program which is sent out by television or radio. \Bbroadcast, forecast\j\b\i have distinct meanings and should not be confused. \IBroadcast\j\b\i means to transmit by radio or television: 'the game was \Ibroadcast\j\b\i on Saturday'. \IForecast\j\b\i means to predict: 'I \Iforecast\j\b\i that the weather will be fine tomorrow'.
#
\Hbroad-minded\h
\Padjective\p having an open or tolerant mind: 'in spite of her strict upbringing she is \Ibroad-minded\j\b\i about most things'. \Bbroad-mindedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbroad-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbroadsheet\h
\Pnoun\p a) a large, single sheet of paper, originally having a ballad or song printed on one side.
b) a newspaper printed on a large sheet of paper.
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\Hbroadside\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the whole side of a ship which is above the waterline. b) all the guns on one side of a ship. c) the simultaneous firing of all these guns.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong \Pverb\pal attack.
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\Hbroadwalk\h
\Pnoun\p a wide exterior area, usually paved, which is frequently used for informal gatherings.
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\Hbrocade\h
\Isay\j\b\i bro-\CX1kade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a woven cloth, originally of silk, but now of cotton or fibre, patterned with areas of different weaves, giving raised or shiny effects.
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\Hbroccoli\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1brokk\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p a vegetable with tightly bunched green heads, resembling a cauliflower.
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\Hbrochure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bro\j\b\i-sher \Pnoun\p a booklet or commercial pamphlet.
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\Hbrogue\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i rogue \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong leather shoe with small decorative holes on the upper surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i a soft accent, especially Irish. Irish \Ibrog\j\b\i shoe
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\Hbroil (1)\h
\Pverb\p to grill. Old French \Ibruler\j\b\i to burn
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\Hbroil (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a loud quarrel or brawl. Old French \Ibrouiller\j\b\i disorder
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\Hbroke\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbreak\j\b\i.
\Bbroke\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) having no money.
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\Hbroken\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbreak\j\b\i.
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\Hbroker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who buys and sells goods or securities, on behalf of others, for a commission.
\Bbrokerage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
also called \Bbrokage\j\b\i
the commission charged by a broker.
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\Hbrolga\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bnative companion\j\b\i
a large, grey Australian bird related to the crane, with red patches on its face and neck. Aboriginal
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\Hbrolly\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an umbrella.
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\Hbromide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bro-\j\b\imide \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a salt containing the univalent Br{\up6 -\j\b\i ion, sometimes used as a sedative.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a print made on paper containing light-sensitive silver bromide.
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\Hbromine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bro\j\b\i-meen \Pnoun\p element number 35, a dark red, fuming, poisonous, non-metal liquid with a choking, irritating smell, used in making organic chemicals. Its compounds are used in photography and medicine. See \Jhalogen\j\b\i. Greek \Ibromos\j\b\i stench
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\Hbronchi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\i-kee plural \Pnoun\p See \Jbronchus\j\b\i.
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\Hbronchial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\ikiul \Padjective\p See \Jbronchus\j\b\i.
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\Hbronchial tube\h
a bronchus or any of its branches.
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\Hbronchiole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\iki-ole \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the numerous, fine, tube-like extensions of a bronchus.
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\Hbronchitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i bron-\CX1kie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes.
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\Hbronchus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\ikus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbronchi\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two branched tubes of the trachea leading to the lungs. \Bbronchial\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\i-kee-al) \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hbronco\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bron\j\b\iko \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbroncho\j\b\i
a horse which has not been broken in. Spanish, rough or wild
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\Hbrontosaurus\h
\Isay\j\b\i bronta-\CX1saw\j\b\irus \Pnoun\p a long-extinct, plant-eating reptile, one of the largest animals ever known. Greek \IbrontΘ\j\b\i thunder + \Isauros\j\b\i lizard
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\Hbronze\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of alloys of copper (more than 80 per cent) and other metals such as tin or aluminium.
\CX12.\j\b\i any object, such as a statue, made from bronze.
\CX13.\j\b\i a lustrous, yellowish or reddish-brown colour.
\Bbronze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to provide with a bronze or bronze-like surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her skin was \Ibronzed\j\b\i during her summer holiday' (= deeply suntanned).
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\HBronze Age\h
a period in human history between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, when tools and weapons were first made of bronze.
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\Hbronzewing\h
\Pnoun\p an Australian pigeon with brownish-bronze plumage, living in open forests or rocky country.
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\Hbrooch\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i coach \Pnoun\p a decorative clasp which fastens by a pin at the back.
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\Hbrood\h
\Pnoun\p a group of young animals, especially birds, hatched at the same time.
\Bbrood\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of birds) to sit over eggs or young offspring.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dwell moodily on something: 'the prisoner \Ibrooded\j\b\i on his fate'. \Bbroody\j\b\i, \Bbrooding\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bbroodily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrook (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i book \Pnoun\p a small stream.
#
\Hbrook (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i book \Pverb\p to put up with: 'he is a stern man who will \Ibrook\j\b\i no opposition'.
#
\Hbroom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-handled brush for sweeping floors.
\CX12.\j\b\i a European shrub with small leaves and yellow flowers.
#
\Hbroomstick\h
\Pnoun\p the handle of a broom.
#
\Hbroth\h
\Pnoun\p a thin soup made with meat, fish or vegetable juices.
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\Hbrothel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where prostitutes work.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a messy place.
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\Hbrother\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bru\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbrothers\j\b\i or \Bbrethren\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a son of the same parents as another child (a \Bfull brother\j\b\i), or having only one parent the same as another child (a \Bhalf-brother\j\b\i).
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who has a close bond with another: 'he is a \Ibrother\j\b\i to them'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a man belonging to a religious order, who has not taken vows or who is not a priest. \Bbrotherly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbrotherhood\j\b\i, \Bbrotherliness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hbrother-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bbrothers-in-law\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the brother of one's husband or wife.
\CX12.\j\b\i the husband of one's sister.
\CX13.\j\b\i the husband of a husband's or wife's sister.
#
\Hbrougham\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1broo\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p an enclosed, four-wheeled, box-like carriage for two or four passengers and with the driver's seat outside. after \ILord Brougham\j\b\i, 1778-1868, a British statesman
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\Hbrought\h
\Isay\j\b\i brawt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbring\j\b\i. See \Jbought\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrow\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p a) the ridge above the eye. b) the eyebrow. c) the forehead.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we rowed the boat under the \Ibrow\j\b\i of a cliff' (= overhanging edge).
#
\Hbrowbeat\h
\Pverb\p to bully or domineer: 'they tried to \Ibrowbeat\j\b\i him into signing the contract'.
#
\Hbrown\h
\Pnoun\p a dark colour formed by mixing such colours as red, black and yellow. \Bbrown\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbrown\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbrownness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrown coal\h
also called \Blignite\j\b\i
a brownish-black natural deposit consisting of carbon and various carbon compounds, formed by the decomposition of vegetable matter over millions of years, but of more recent origin than black coal, and used in fuel such as briquettes.
#
\Hbrowned-off\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bored or fed-up.
#
\Hbrownie\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i a small, friendly elf or goblin.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) an early, inexpensive box camera [a trademark].
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a small flat chocolate cake with nuts.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a junior Girl Guide.
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\Hbrown study\h
a deep absorption in thought.
#
\Hbrowse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cows \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of animals) to graze or nibble on grass, leaves, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to glance or look at random: '\Ibrowsing\j\b\i in a bookshop'. \Bbrowse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrucellosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i broosa-\CX1lo\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p also called \BMalta fever\j\b\i or \Bundulant fever\j\b\i
a bacterial disease of cattle, pigs and goats, occasionally transmitted to humans. after \ISir David Bruce\j\b\i, 1855-1931, a Scottish physician
#
\Hbruise\h
\Isay\j\b\i brooz \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcontusion\j\b\i
a discoloured area on skin, due to an injury which did not break the skin but damaged the underlying blood vessels.
\Bbruise\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause or develop a bruise: 'the fall \Ibruised\j\b\i her leg'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his feelings are easily \Ibruised\j\b\i' (= hurt). \Bbruiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a strong or tough person.
#
\Hbrumby\h
\Pnoun\p a wild horse.
#
\Hbrummy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) cheap or shoddy: 'what a \Ibrummy\j\b\i lot of clothes'. from \IBirmingham\j\b\i, England where counterfeit coins were made in the 17th century.
#
\Hbrunch\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a midmorning meal which replaces breakfast and lunch. \Bbr\j\b\i(eakfast) + (l)\Bunch\j\b\i
#
\Hbrunette\h
\Isay\j\b\i broo-\CX1net\j\b\i \Padjective\p (of hair or eyes) dark, especially dark brown. \Bbrunette\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a woman with dark hair or eyes.
#
\Hbrunt\h
\Pnoun\p the main strength or force of something: 'the \Ibrunt\j\b\i of his argument occurs in the last chapter'.
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\Hbrush (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an object used for painting, smoothing the hair, sweeping, etc. usually made of hair or bristles set into a solid base.
\CX12.\j\b\i the bushy tail of an animal, especially a fox.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short fight or hostile encounter: 'the demonstrators had a \Ibrush\j\b\i with the police'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a block, usually of carbon or copper, allowing electricity to flow between the moving and stationary parts of an electric motor or generator.
\Bbrush\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to use a brush on: 'she vigorously \Ibrushed\j\b\i her hair'. b) to sweep or touch as if with a brush: 'his objections were \Ibrushed\j\b\i aside'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to touch lightly in passing: 'he \Ibrushed\j\b\i past the staring children'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbrush off\j\b\i, 'she tried to \Ibrush\j\b\i him \Ioff\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i' (= dismiss). \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Bbrush-off\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bbrush up\j\b\i, a) 'I must \Ibrush up\j\b\i before we go' (= smarten up); b) 'you should \Ibrush up\j\b\i your French before going to Paris' (= revise).
#
\Hbrush (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a dense growth of bushes or shrubs.
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\Hbrush turkey\h
a black bird with a red head and neck and a yellow collar, living in rainforest and scrubland on the east coast of Australia.
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\Hbrusque\h
\Isay\j\b\i broosk \Padjective\p blunt or abrupt in speech or manner: 'his \Ibrusque\j\b\i reply provided little information'. \Bbrusquely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbrusqueness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbrussels sprout\h
(\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) a small, green vegetable like a tiny cabbage-head, growing in clusters on the stalk of a variety of cabbage.
#
\Hbrut\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hoot \Padjective\p (of wine or champagne) very dry. French
#
\Hbrutal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1broo\j\b\it'l \Padjective\p savage or cruel: 'it was a \Ibrutal\j\b\i attack'.
a) the act of being brutal: 'it was an act of great \Ibrutality\j\b\i'. b) a brutal act: 'whipping is an old-fashioned \Ibrutality\j\b\i'. \Bbrutally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bbrutalise\j\b\i, \Bbrutalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become brutal.
#
\Hbrute\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any four-legged animal or beast.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong or cruel person. \Bbrute\j\b\i, \Bbrutish\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, a) animal-like, b) very strong.
#
\Hbubble\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small ball of gas in or rising through a liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, transparent ball of liquid containing gas.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which is fragile or temporary: 'the \Ibubble\j\b\i of his hopes was violently shattered'.
\Bbubble\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to rise in or make the sound of bubbles: 'the stew \Ibubbled\j\b\i on the stove'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children were \Ibubbling\j\b\i with excitement' (= active, vigorous).
#
\Hbubble-and-squeak\h
\Pnoun\p any left-over vegetables or meat fried together, especially cabbage and potato.
#
\Hbubblegum\h
\Pnoun\p a chewing gum which can be blown into bubbles.
#
\Hbubbler\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small drinking fountain.
#
\Hbubbly\h
\Padjective\p like or containing bubbles.
\Bbubbly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) champagne.
#
\Hbubonic plague\h
\Isay\j\b\i bew-\CX1bonn\j\b\iik plague an often fatal infectious, bacterial disease causing swelling of the lymph glands, chills and fevers.
#
\Hbuccal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bukk\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the cheeks or mouth.
#
\Hbuccaneer\h
\Isay\j\b\i bukka-\CX1neer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any pirate or bold adventurer.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a pirate of Spanish and American ships, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. \Bbuccaneer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbuck (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male deer, rabbit, etc. Compare \Jdoe\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a young man: 'a \Ibuck's\j\b\i party'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a dollar.
#
\Hbuck (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i short form of \Bbuckjump\j\b\i
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an animal) to leap in the air with its head down, back arched and all four feet off the ground. Compare \Jpig-root\j\b\i.
\Bbuck up\j\b\i, a) '\Ibuck up\j\b\i or we'll be late' (= hurry); b) 'she \Ibucked up\j\b\i greatly after we gave her an ice-cream' (= cheered up).
#
\Hbuck (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bpass the buck\j\b\i, to shift responsibility or blame on to another person.
#
\Hbuckboard\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a light, four-wheeled, horse-drawn carriage with a thin board instead of springs.
#
\Hbucket\h
\Pnoun\p a flat-bottomed container, usually round, for holding or carrying liquids.
\Bkick the bucket\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to die. \Bkick the bucket\j\b\i is one of several phrases in English which have more than one suggested origin: a) the bucket referred to is not a bucket in the sense of a container but a word meaning a beam on which animals were hung by the heels in slaughter houses; and b) it refers to a bucket on which a person committing suicide by hanging might stand, the bucket then being knocked over by the swinging feet.
#
\Hbucket seat\h
a seat for one person in a motor vehicle, etc., slightly curved to give support at the sides.
#
\Hbuckjump\h
\Pverb\p to buck.
\Bbuckjumper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a horse which bucks. b) a person who rides such a horse.
#
\Hbuckle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a clasp with a movable pin set in a frame through which a strap is passed and held in place by the pin, e.g. on a belt.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bend or kink in anything.
\Bbuckle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with a buckle.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bend or give way suddenly owing to pressure, heat, etc.
\Bbuckle down\j\b\i, 'we must \Ibuckle down\j\b\i to work now' (= set to).
#
\Hbuckler\h
\Pnoun\p a small round shield.
#
\HBuckley's chance\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) little or no chance at all.
#
\Hbuckram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buk\j\b\i-r'm \Pnoun\p a stiff, cotton fabric used for interlining, binding books, etc.
#
\Hbuckshot\h
\Pnoun\p a large size of lead shot used for hunting big game.
#
\Hbuckskin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, pale leather formerly made from deerskin but now made from sheepskin.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i See \Jdun (2)\j\b\i.
#
\Hbuckteeth\h
plural \Pnoun\p any projecting teeth.
#
\Hbucolic\h
\Isay\j\b\i bew-\CX1koll\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of rural life or the country.
#
\Hbud (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a tightly folded undeveloped shoot of a plant. b) a subsidiary growth from a simple animal, such as a hydra or yeast cell, which forms another individual.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small or undeveloped thing.
\Bnip in the bud\j\b\i, to stop something before it has really started or developed.
\Bbud\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bbudded, budding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to produce buds.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his talent is just beginning to \Ibud\j\b\i' (= develop).
\CX12.\j\b\i to graft a single bud onto a plant.
#
\Hbud (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a brother or man.
#
\HBuddhism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\id\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a religion stressing that human existence is pain, caused by desire, which may be overcome by contemplation and a right way of life.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jnirvana\j\b\i. \BBuddhist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Sanskrit \IBuddha\j\b\i the enlightened one, the title given to a 6th-century \Bb.c\j\b\i. Indian teacher on whose ideas Buddhism is based
#
\Hbuddy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a friend.
#
\Hbudge\h
\Pverb\p to move or give way slightly.
#
\Hbudgerigar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buj\j\b\i-a-ree-gar \Pnoun\p a) a small, green Australian parrot living in open country. b) a bird of this species kept as a pet, with specially bred colours, usually blue, yellow or white. Aboriginal \Ibudgeri\j\b\i good + \Igar\j\b\i or \Ikaar\j\b\i cockatoo
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\Hbudget\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buj\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plan or summary giving details of expected income and expenditure.
\CX12.\j\b\i the sum of money allotted for a particular purpose: 'the film was made on a very small \Ibudget\j\b\i'. \Bbudget\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to plan the use of money in advance.
#
\Hbudgie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a budgerigar.
#
\Hbuff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pale brownish-yellow colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thick, light, brownish-yellow leather, first made from buffalo skins, used for belts, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the bare skin. b) an enthusiast: 'a film \Ibuff\j\b\i'.
\Bbuff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to polish or shine. \Bbuff\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbuffalo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buff\j\b\ia-lo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbuffaloes\j\b\i or \Bbuffalo\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of various large-hoofed, African and Asian mammals, like oxen, with broad, flat horns which curve downwards.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a bison.
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\Hbuffalo grass\h
a coarse, springy lawn grass.
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\Hbuffer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which absorbs or neutralises shock, especially between opposing forces, such as a projecting bumper bar on the end of a railway vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a solution whose acidity or alkalinity tends to remain unchanged on dilution or on the addition of acid or alkali.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a portion of memory used to hold information temporarily. \Bbuffer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbuffer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any object or device used for polishing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an old man.
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\Hbuffet (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buff\j\b\iet \Pverb\p to strike or knock.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the plane was \Ibuffeted\j\b\i about by strong winds' (= tossed, shaken). \Bbuffet\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbuffet (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\iff\j\b\iay \Ior\j\b\i \CX1buff\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sideboard.
\CX12.\j\b\i an informal meal at which guests stand and serve themselves.
\CX13.\j\b\i a refreshment bar at a railway station or on a train. Old French \Ibufet\j\b\i a stool
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\Hbuffoon\h
\Pnoun\p a person who stupidly acts the fool. \Bbuffoonery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Italian \Ibuffone\j\b\i jester
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\Hbug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any insect.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an infection. b) a defect or difficulty. c) something, especially an idea, with which one is obsessed.
\CX13.\j\b\i a hidden microphone used to record other people's conversations secretly.
\CX14.\j\b\i a mistake in the design or function of computer software or hardware. \Bbug\j\b\i (\Bbugged\j\b\i, \Bbugging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to irritate, b) to install or use a hidden microphone.
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\Hbugbear\h
\Pnoun\p anything which causes needless fear, irritation, etc.
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\Hbugger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who has anal intercourse with people or sexual intercourse with animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, use is often derogatory\j\b\i) a person: 'you silly \Ibugger\j\b\i, why did you break that glass?'. \Bbugger\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bbuggery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbuggy\h
\Pnoun\p a light, four-wheeled passenger vehicle pulled by one or two horses.
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\Hbugle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\ig'l \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a simple brass, wind instrument used by armies to signal movements, etc. \Bbugler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to join or assemble parts to make a whole structure.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has \Ibuilt\j\b\i his business from nothing' (= established, developed).
b) 'do not \Ibuild\j\b\i any hopes on his promises' (= base, form). \Bbuild\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the form in which something is made; \Bbuilder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who builds or makes things.
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\Hbuilding\h
\Pnoun\p anything which is built or constructed, especially for a particular use, such as a house, office, etc.
#
\Hbuilding society\h
a business organisation which lends money to people buying or building houses, etc. and offers interest to those investing in the company.
#
\Hbuild-up\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any progressive increase, e.g. of military troops for a particular battle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a flattering description or campaign on behalf of a person.
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\Hbuilt\h
\Isay\j\b\i bilt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbuild\j\b\i.
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\Hbuilt-up area\h
any length of road with street lights, dense housing, etc. along which speed restrictions are enforced.
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\Hbulb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a modified bud of a plant, usually underground, which is an organ of vegetative reproduction. b) a plant which is grown from a bulb, such as an onion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rounded or pear-shaped object: 'an electric light \Ibulb\j\b\i'. \Bbulbous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the bulging or rounded shape of a bulb.
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\Hbulge\h
\Isay\j\b\i bulj \Pnoun\p a rounded swelling or part. \Bbulge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ibulga\j\b\i bag
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\Hbulk\h
\Pnoun\p the size or volume of anything.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ibulk\j\b\i of his work is in country districts' (= main amount).
\Bin bulk\j\b\i, a) in large quantities; b) not packaged. \Bbulky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very large or awkward; \Bbulkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbulkhead\h
\Pnoun\p a) a partition or wall in a boat. b) any partition designed to withstand pressure.
#
\Hbull (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ill \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any uncastrated, male, bovine mammal, especially of beef or dairy cattle. b) the male of various other mammals, especially the elephant. Compare \Jcow (1)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jtaurus\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anything considered to be nonsense.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IStock Exchange:\j\b\i a person who buys shares expecting higher prices; a market optimist. Compare \Jbear (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbull (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ill \Pnoun\p a formal letter or instruction from the Pope, containing his official seal.
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\Hbull ant\h
short form of \Bbulldog ant\j\b\i
a large, primitive, Australian ant with long serrated jaws and a powerful bite.
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\Hbulldog\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of low, sturdy, short-haired dogs, originally bred in England for baiting bulls.
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\Hbulldog clip\h
a large clip operated by a spring.
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\Hbulldozer\h
\Pnoun\p a powerful tractor with a vertical blade at the front for moving earth, etc. \Bbulldoze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to use a bulldozer, b) to bully or intimidate.
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\Hbullet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p a small cylindrical projectile fired from a rifle, pistol, etc.
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\Hbulletin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-a-tin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public statement giving news or a report.
\CX12.\j\b\i a magazine, especially of a society or organisation. French, a daily or official report
#
\Hbulletin board\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a notice board
\CX12.\j\b\i a computer system which acts like an electronic notice board by using modems to allow a network or networks of computers to gain access so that users can post and exchange messages and download programs or files. Also called \Bbulletin board system\j\b\i. Short form is \BBBS\j\b\i.
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\Hbullfight\h
\Pnoun\p a ritual, fighting sport between a man and a bull, held in an arena. \Bbullfighter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained to bullfight; \Bbullfighting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbullfrog\h
\Pnoun\p a large frog with a very deep voice.
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\Hbull-headed\h
\Padjective\p very obstinate or determined.
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\Hbullion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any mass or large quantity of gold or silver, especially in bars, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a twisted cord fringe, especially one of fine gold or silver wire.
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\Hbullock\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsteer (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hbullocky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-a-kee \Pnoun\p the driver of a bullock team.
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\Hbullring\h
\Pnoun\p an arena for bullfights.
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\Hbullroarer\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of wood on a string which makes a loud noise when whirled around, used in religious rites by some pre-literate tribes and as a toy by children.
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\Hbull's-eye\h
\Pnoun\p a) the centre of a target. b) a shot which hits it.
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\Hbullshit\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) anything considered to be nonsense. b) an exclamation of disbelief.
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\Hbull terrier\h
a crossbreed of bulldog and terrier, thickset and short-haired.
#
\Hbully (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i woolly \Pnoun\p a person who takes pleasure in hurting or intimidating weaker people.
\Bbully\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) very good or excellent: '\Ibully\j\b\i for you!'. \Bbully\j\b\i (\Bbullied\j\b\i, \Bbullying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbully (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i woolly \Pnoun\p short form of \Bbully-off\j\b\i
\IHockey:\j\b\i the start or restart of a game, where two players, with the ball between them, must alternately tap the ground and each other's stick three times before trying to hit the ball. \Bbully\j\b\i (\Bbullied\j\b\i, \Bbullying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hbully beef\h
any pressed tinned beef.
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\Hbulrush\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-rush \Pnoun\p any of a group of large reeds found in swampy areas. The leaves are used to make mats, etc.
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\Hbulwark\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-work \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mound or wall of earth used as protection.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything used for defence or protection: 'the police force is a \Ibulwark\j\b\i of society'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the part of a ship's side which extends above the deck.
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\Hbum\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the buttocks. b) a lazy or worthless person. \Bbum\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of poor quality; \Bbum\j\b\i (\Bbummed\j\b\i, \Bbumming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to lead a lazy or worthless life, b) to cadge.
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\Hbumble\h
\Pverb\p to act or speak in a clumsy way: 'he \Ibumbled\j\b\i distractedly through the speech'. \Bbumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbumblebee\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large bees with a loud buzz.
#
\Hbummer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a disappointment.
#
\Hbump\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to strike or collide with: 'the car \Ibumped\j\b\i into the fence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move with jolts or jerks: 'the motorcycle \Ibumped\j\b\i over the paddock'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in a stable society, no-one can rise without \Ibumping\j\b\i someone else' (= causing (someone else) to fall).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbump off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to kill.
\Bbump up\j\b\i, 'they've \Ibumped\j\b\i the prices \Iup\j\b\i again' (= increased).
\Bbump\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or sound of bumping: 'there was a loup \Ibump\j\b\i as she fell off the chair'. b) the raised mark left by a collision or blow: 'a large \Ibump\j\b\i on her forehead'. \Bbumpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i
#
\Hbumper\h
\Pnoun\p a bumper bar.
\Bbumper\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
unusually large or full: 'a \Ibumper\j\b\i crop of tomatoes'.
#
\Hbumper bar\h
\Pnoun\p a horizontal rounded bar at the front of a motor vehicle, to protect the vehicle's body in collisions.
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\Hbumpkin\h
\Pnoun\p an awkward, rustic or unsophisticated person.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a type of sweet, bread roll, usually round and containing spices or fruit.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long bunch of hair wound into a bun shape on the head.
#
\Hbunch\h
\Pnoun\p a group of things attached or collected together: a) 'a \Ibunch\j\b\i of grapes'; b) 'a nice \Ibunch\j\b\i of people'.
\Bbunch of fives\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fist. \Bbunch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form into bunches or folds; \Bbunchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbundle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a number of things fastened or carried together: 'a \Ibundle\j\b\i of firewood'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a group of longitudinal strands of cells which carry material in a plant, or give it support.
\Bbundle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to carry or tie in a bundle: '\Ibundle\j\b\i these parcels together'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the money was \Ibundled\j\b\i into a sack' (= put hastily).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbundle away\j\b\i, \Bbundle off\j\b\i, to send or go away in a hurry.
\Bbundle up\j\b\i, a) to gather up hastily; b) to dress warmly.
\Bdrop one's bundle\j\b\i, a) to panic or lose all strength, hope, etc. b) (of a woman) to give birth to a child.
#
\Hbundy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a clock which punches an employee's arrival and departure times onto a card. a trademark
#
\Hbung\h
\Pnoun\p a stopper for closing a hole in a barrel, etc. \Bbung\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to block or close with or as if with a bung.
#
\Hbungalow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bun\j\b\iga-lo \Pnoun\p a small single-storey dwelling, often separate from a house.
#
\Hbungee\h
\Isay\j\b\i bun-\CX1jee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an elastic rope.
\Bbungee jumping\j\b\i, to jump from a high building or construction with one end of a length of elastic rope tied to the ankles and the other end tied to the building.
#
\Hbunger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bung\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p also called a \Bbanger\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a firework which explodes with a loud noise.
#
\Hbungle\h
\Pverb\p to do something clumsily or without success: 'you have \Ibungled\j\b\i the job'. \Bbungle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a bungled attempt; \Bbungler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbunglingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbunion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bun\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a swelling at the base of the big toe due to an inflammation of a bursa.
#
\Hbunk (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a simple bed, often built-in and having another bed set above it. b) any bed.
\Bbunkhouse\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a building with beds for workers, stockmen, etc.
#
\Hbunk (2)\h
\Pnoun\p bunkum.
#
\Hbunk (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bdo a bunk\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the culprits had \Idone a bunk\j\b\i and could not be found' (= run away).
#
\Hbunker (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large container, such as a coal compartment on a ship.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i an obstacle consisting of a pit filled with sand, backed by a grassy ridge. \Bbunker\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to supply a ship with fuel; \Bbunkerage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of bunkering a vessel.
#
\Hbunker (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an underground shelter for protection against fires, air-raids, etc.
#
\Hbunkum\h
\Pnoun\p any meaningless talk or nonsense. from a long-winded Congressman, in the 1820s, from \IBuncombe County\j\b\i, America
#
\Hbunny\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rabbit.
#
\HBunsen burner\h
a gas burner, commonly used in scientific laboratories. after \IR. W. Bunsen\j\b\i, 1811-99, a German chemist
#
\Hbunt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to push or butt with the horns or head: 'the cow gently \Ibunted\j\b\i its calf aside'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in baseball and softball, a batter's manoeuvre involving meeting the ball with a loosely held bat, causing it to stop nearby, well away from opposing players. \Bbunt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbunting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a coarse, open fabric used for flags.
\CX12.\j\b\i a collection of flags.
#
\Hbunyip\h
\Pnoun\p \IAboriginal mythology:\j\b\i a monster said to inhabit streams and swamps.
#
\Hbuoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i boy \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i an anchored floating object marking a channel or obstruction in the water, or used as a mark in yacht racing.
\Bbuoy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to support or mark with a buoy.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sustain or support: 'she was \Ibuoyed\j\b\i up by the hope of victory'.
#
\Hbuoyant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1boy\j\b\iant \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to float: 'the boat remained \Ibuoyant\j\b\i despite its damage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lively or cheerful: 'her spirits were \Ibuoyant\j\b\i when she passed her exams'. \Bbuoyancy\j\b\i, \Bbuoyance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bbuoyantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbur\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jburr (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hburble\h
\Pverb\p to make a gurgling or bubbling sound: 'the baby \Iburbled\j\b\i happily in the cot'. \Bburble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hburden\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy or difficult load to carry: 'the \Iburden\j\b\i of responsibility is on your shoulders'.
\Bburden of proof\j\b\i, 'the \Iburden of proof\j\b\i remains with us' (= duty to prove a claim). \Bburden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bburdensome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hbureau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\i-ro \Pnoun\p plural is \Bbureaus\j\b\i or \Bbureaux\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an office or department with particular duties: 'the weather \Ibureau\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a writing desk with drawers.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a chest of drawers. French, desk or office
#
\Hbureaucracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i bew-\CX1rok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any rule by departmental public officials rather than by elected politicians.
\CX12.\j\b\i any official organisation with too much power or having too many rules. \Bbureaucrat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\ira-krat), \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of the bureaucracy; \Bbureaucratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i bewra-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, too official or attached to rules; \Bbureaucratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hburette\h
\Isay\j\b\i bew-\CX1ret\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a graduated glass tube with a tap at the bottom, used for accurate measurement of small amounts of liquid.
#
\Hburgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\ij'n \Pverb\p to begin to grow or blossom: 'she \Iburgeoned\j\b\i into a beautiful woman'.
#
\Hburger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\i-ger \Pnoun\p a hamburger.
#
\Hburgher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p a person who lives in a town.
#
\Hburghul\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\ig'l \Pnoun\p a mixture of crushed wheat.
#
\Hburglar\h
\Pnoun\p a person who breaks into a house at night in order to steal.
\Bcat-burglar\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a burglar who enters a house by climbing. \Bburgle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bburglary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the crime of breaking into a house at night in order to steal, b) an instance of this.
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\Hburgomaster\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i the chief magistrate of a borough or town in certain European countries, such as Holland, equal to a Lord Mayor in Australia. Dutch \Iburge\j\b\i town + \Imeester\j\b\i master
#
\Hburgundy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\ig'n-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various red or white wines which are usually dry and still.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep bluish-red colour.
#
\Hburial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1berr\j\b\ii-ul \Pnoun\p the act or ceremony of burying.
#
\Hburied\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1berr\j\b\iid \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bbury\j\b\i.
#
\Hburl\h
\Pnoun\p a small knot or lump in wool or fabric.
#
\Hburlap\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhessian\j\b\i.
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\Hburlesque\h
\Isay\j\b\i ber-\CX1lesk\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any ridiculous parody or caricature. \Bburlesque\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Iburla\j\b\i mockery
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\Hburly\h
\Padjective\p big and strong: 'a \Iburly\j\b\i attendant grabbed his arm'.
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\Hburn (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bburnt\j\b\i or \Bburned\j\b\i, \Bburning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to produce, or be on, fire: 'these wet matches will not \Iburn\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to injure or mark with extreme heat, cold, chemicals, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this stove \Iburns\j\b\i wood' (= uses as fuel).
b) 'he \Iburnt\j\b\i with furious indignation at the insult' (= felt strongly, was filled).
c) 'her face \Iburnt\j\b\i with embarrassment' (= was hot).
d) 'the lights \Iburnt\j\b\i all night in the house' (= were alight).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bburn off\j\b\i, to clear land by burning.
\Bburn one's bridges\j\b\i, to commit oneself to a course of action from which there is no turning back.
\Bburn\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any injury produced by extreme heat, cold, chemicals, etc.: 'the victims received bad \Iburns\j\b\i in the accident'.
#
\Hburn (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a small stream.
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\Hburner reactor\h
a nuclear reactor which consumes more fissile nuclei than it produces.
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\Hburnish\h
\Pverb\p to polish or make smooth by rubbing, etc. \Bburnish\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a shine or gloss.
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\Hburnout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a failure due to extreme heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAerospace:\j\b\i the dying out of the flame in a rocket engine due to its fuel being used up or shut off.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any mental fatigue due to a period of intensive work.
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\Hburnt sienna\h
See \Jsienna\j\b\i.
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\Hburnt umber\h
See \Jumber\j\b\i.
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\Hburp\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to belch. b) to cause a baby to belch after feeding in order to reduce flatulence. \Bburp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hburr (1)\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbur\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a round, prickly case covering the seeds of some plants.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rough edge left on a metal surface caused by cutting or drilling. \Bburr\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form a rough edge on.
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\Hburr (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rough or indistinct pronunciation, especially of the letter \Ir\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a low or muffled buzzing or whirring sound. \Bburr\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i
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\Hburrow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hole made in the ground by a rabbit or similar animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i any snug shelter or place.
\Bburrow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to dig into.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Iburrowed\j\b\i into his mother's lap' (= snuggled).
b) 'I \Iburrowed\j\b\i into my handbag for some money' (= searched).
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\Hbursa\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a sac or pouch, especially near a joint. \Bbursal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bbursitis\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an inflammation of a bursa. Latin, bag, purse
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\Hbursar\h
\Pnoun\p a person who manages the finances in a school or college. \Bbursarship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbursary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ber\j\b\isa-ree \Pnoun\p a scholarship given by a school or college.
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\Hburst\h
\Pverb\p (\Bburst\j\b\i, \Bbursting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to explode or break open suddenly: 'the balloon \Iburst\j\b\i loudly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be full to overflowing: a) 'their pockets were \Ibursting\j\b\i with chestnuts'; b) 'the children are \Ibursting\j\b\i with excitement'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children \Iburst\j\b\i into the room' (= entered loudly or suddenly).
\Bburst\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sudden or violent explosion: 'there was a \Iburst\j\b\i of gunfire and then silence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden display of energy or activity: 'he cleaned the car in a \Iburst\j\b\i of enthusiasm'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to place a dead body in a grave, in the sea, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put underground or cover from view: 'the dog has \Iburied\j\b\i his bone in the garden'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iburied\j\b\i her face in her hands' (= hid).
\Bbury oneself in\j\b\i, 'the children \Iburied themselves in\j\b\i their books' (= gave their attention to).
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\Hbus\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public motor vehicle with a long body, containing seats for many passengers. Short form of \Bomnibus\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any motor vehicle, especially a car or aeroplane.
\Bto miss the bus\j\b\i, to miss an opportunity. \Bbus\j\b\i (\Bbussed\j\b\i, \Bbussing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to transport by bus, especially schoolchildren being educated some distance from their homes for social or racial reasons.
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\Hbusby\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buz\j\b\i-bee \Pnoun\p a high, fur hat worn by Hussar regiments.
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\Hbush (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ish \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small woody shrub with branches which begin near the ground.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand, African:\j\b\i the natural countryside, especially where it is uncleared or uncultivated.
\CX13.\j\b\i any thick clump or growth: 'a \Ibush\j\b\i of hair around his head'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbeat about the bush, beat around the bush\j\b\i, to avoid or take too long coming to the point or issue.
\Bgo bush\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to leave a town, especially to go to the country.
\Bbush\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to grow or spread like a bush: 'his hair \Ibushed\j\b\i out under his hat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to puzzle or confuse. b) to make or become exhausted. \Bbushy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbush (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\ish \Pnoun\p a cylindrical metal lining, placed in a hole to reduce wear.
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\Hbush band\h
any group of musicians who play a distinctive style of Australian folk music, using instruments such as the guitar, violin and lagerphone.
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\Hbushed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lost in the bush.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) exhausted.
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\Hbushel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1b\Iu\j\b\ish\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a) a unit of volume for grain, fruit, etc. equal to about 3.64 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 -2\j\b\i m{\up6 3\j\b\i. A bushel is equal to 4 pecks, 32 quarts or 64 pints. Short form of \Bimperial bushel\j\b\i., b) (in America) a unit of volume for grain, fruit, etc. equal to about 3.53 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 -2\j\b\i m{\up6 3\j\b\i.
c) a unit of mass equal to the mass of a bushel of a particular substance, which varies depending on the substance being measured.
\Bhide one's light under a bushel\j\b\i, to be modest about one's good qualities or talents.
#
\Hbushfire\h
\Pnoun\p a fire in uncleared or forest land.
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\Hbush-lawyer\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a person who pretends to a knowledge of the law.
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\Hbushman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person experienced in living in the bush.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) any of a nomadic people inhabiting the extreme south-west of Africa. b) their language.
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\Hbushranger\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a bandit who hid in the bush, robbing people who passed on the roads.
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\Hbush telegraph\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a system of communication between tribal villages using drumbeats, fires, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any line of communication along which rumour spreads.
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\Hbush-walk\h
\Pverb\p to hike in forest or bush country.
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\Hbushwhacker\h
\Pnoun\p a person used to living in uncleared or remote country. \Bbushwhack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to live as a bushwhacker.
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\Hbushy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jbush (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hbusily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jbusy\j\b\i.
#
\Hbusiness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1biz\j\b\iness \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person's occupation or work: 'his \Ibusiness\j\b\i is selling cars'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any moneymaking organisation or institution, such as a shop, factory, etc.: 'he is in the advertising \Ibusiness\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what she does is no longer your \Ibusiness\j\b\i' (= affair).
b) 'that robbery was a mysterious \Ibusiness\j\b\i' (= event, matter).
c) 'the merchant did good \Ibusiness\j\b\i in camels' (= trade).
\Bmean business\j\b\i, 'those boxers look as if they \Imean business\j\b\i' (= are in earnest).
\Bbusinesslike\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
methodical, efficient and practical: 'for a doctor a \Ibusinesslike\j\b\i approach to death is essential.'
#
\Hbusker\h
\Pnoun\p a street entertainer.
#
\Hbusman's holiday\h
a holiday during which one does one's regular work or similar activities, e.g. a housepainter painting his or her own house.
#
\Hbuss\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a kiss.
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\Hbust (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sculpture of the head and shoulders.
\CX12.\j\b\i the breast, especially of a female.
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\Hbust (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to break. b) to arrest: 'they were \Ibusted\j\b\i for possessing stolen goods'.
\Bgo bust\j\b\i, to become bankrupt. \Bbust\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a failure, b) an arrest.
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\Hbustard\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i custard \Pnoun\p a large, shy, fast-running brown and white bird living in open country in Australia, Europe and Africa.
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\Hbustle (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buss\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to move or act with energy or fuss: 'the waiters \Ibustled\j\b\i about among the guests'. \Bbustle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbustle (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a frame set under the back of a full skirt to support or shape it.
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\Hbust-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a serious fight or quarrel: 'they have had a huge \Ibust-up\j\b\i and will not speak to one another'.
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\Hbusy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1biz\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p fully or continuously engaged in work, etc.: 'she is kept \Ibusy\j\b\i with a full-time job and children to look after'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ibusy\j\b\i city' (= full of activity).
b) 'the phone is \Ibusy\j\b\i at the moment' (= being used).
c) 'she is \Ibusy\j\b\i this morning so come back tonight' (= has things to do).
\Pnoun\p a person who interferes or meddles in the affairs of others.
#
\Hbut\h
conjunction except or on the contrary: a) 'they laughed \Ibut\j\b\i we didn't'; b) 'I will take all \Ibut\j\b\i the last two'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it never rains \Ibut\j\b\i it pours' (= unless).
\Bbut for\j\b\i, 'he would not be here \Ibut for\j\b\i you' (= without).
\Bbut\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
only: 'we have \Ibut\j\b\i one choice left'.
\Ball but\j\b\i, 'the game is \Iall but\j\b\i over' (= almost).
\Bbut\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an objection or restriction: 'there were many ifs and \Ibuts\j\b\i to the suggestion'. \Bbut\j\b\i, \Ipreposition\j\b\i, \Ipronoun\j\b\i. \Bbut, however\j\b\i. When used as conjunctions \Ibut\j\b\i and \Ihowever\j\b\i can often be used interchangeably to contrast two elements: 'I like reading, \Ibut\j\b\i I don't like writing' or 'I like reading, \Ihowever\j\b\i, I don't like writing'. \IBut\j\b\i is often preferred when a more definite and powerful contrast between elements is required: 'I promised to speak at the celebration dinner, \Ibut\j\b\i unfortunately I will not be able to'.
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\Hbutane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\i-tane \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, inflammable gas (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I10\j\b\i), the fourth member of the alkane series of hydrocarbons. It is used as a fuel and in making synthetic rubber.
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\Hbutch\h
\Isay\j\b\i b\Iu\j\b\itch \Padjective\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a) lesbian. b) having aggressive or masculine characteristics.
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\Hbutcher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person who cuts up and sells animal flesh for food. b) a person who slaughters animals and prepares the flesh to be sold.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who causes cruel or needless death: 'some of the guerrillas were robbers and \Ibutchers\j\b\i'.
\Bbutcher\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to kill and prepare animal flesh for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i to kill cruelly or needlessly.
\CX13.\j\b\i to spoil or bungle: 'you have \Ibutchered\j\b\i the meal'. \Bbutchery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbutcher-bird\h
\Pnoun\p a black and grey shrike, with a white breast and brown wings, living in forests and woodland areas. so called because it hangs its prey on thorns or small branches before eating it
#
\Hbutler\h
\Pnoun\p the head male servant of a household. Old French \Ibouteillier\j\b\i a bottler
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\Hbutt (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the end of anything, especially the thicker end: 'the \Ibutt\j\b\i of a rifle'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ibutt\j\b\i of a cigarette' (= unused end).
#
\Hbutt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who is an object of ridicule: 'she is tired of being the \Ibutt\j\b\i of all their pathetic jokes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of two banks of earth beneath and behind the targets on a rifle range, used to stop bullets safely.
\Bbutt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to join or be joined at the ends: 'this property \Ibutts\j\b\i on to a lane'.
\Bbutt joint\j\b\i
a joint made by putting the ends of two things together, as distinct from overlapping them.
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\Hbutt (3)\h
\Pverb\p to hit with the head or horns: 'the goat \Ibutted\j\b\i the boy in the back'.
\Bbutt in\j\b\i, to interrupt or interfere. \Bbutt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hbutt (4)\h
\Pnoun\p a large cask or barrel.
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\Hbutte\h
\Isay\j\b\i bewt \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a flat-topped, steep-sided hill, similar to, but smaller than, a mesa.
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\Hbutter\h
\Pnoun\p a) the fatty part of milk which separates when cream is churned. b) this substance solidified for use as a food or spread and used in cooking. c) any of various similar spreads: 'peanut \Ibutter\j\b\i'.
\Bbutter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to spread with butter: '\Ibutter\j\b\i a baking dish'.
\Bbutter up\j\b\i, to flatter.
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\Hbutterbean\h
\Pnoun\p a type of small, edible, yellow bean.
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\Hbuttercup\h
\Pnoun\p a wild plant with yellow, cup-shaped flowers.
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\Hbutter-fingers\h
\Pnoun\p a clumsy person who drops things.
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\Hbutterfly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of insects with short antennae and large, often brightly coloured wings covered with scales.
\CX12.\j\b\i any frivolous or gay person.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISwimming:\j\b\i a style in which the swimmer lifts both arms simultaneously out of the water, bringing them strongly forward and down.
#
\Hbutterfly fish\h
any of a group of brightly coloured, carnivorous fish living among coral reefs.
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\Hbuttermilk\h
\Pnoun\p the liquid which remains when butter is separated from cream or milk.
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\Hbutterscotch\h
\Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a flavouring, toffee or sauce made with brown sugar, vanilla essence and butter.
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\Hbuttery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1butt\j\b\ia-ree \Padjective\p like or containing butter: 'a \Ibuttery\j\b\i mixture'.
#
\Hbuttock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two rounded fleshy areas at the base of the trunk.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the rump.
#
\Hbutton\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small disc or knob attached to clothing as a decoration or passed through a hole as a fastener.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a button, especially a knob or switch for an electrical appliance. \Bbutton\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fasten with a button or buttons.
#
\Hbuttonhole\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a slit in clothing, etc. through which a button is passed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single flower worn as a decoration on the lapel.
\Bbuttonhole\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stop and detain a person: 'she \Ibuttonholed\j\b\i me and lectured me for an hour'.
#
\Hbuttress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a structure built into or against a wall to support or strengthen it. Compare \Jflying buttress\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything used as a support or reinforcement: 'he quoted many scholars as a \Ibuttress\j\b\i for his argument'. \Bbuttress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hbutyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bew\j\b\itil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds containing the univalent (C\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I9\j\b\i-) radical.
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\Hbuxom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1buk\j\b\is'm \Padjective\p a) plump and healthy. b) large-breasted.
#
\Hbuy\h
\Isay\j\b\i by \Pverb\p (\Bbought\j\b\i, \Bbuying\j\b\i) \CX11.\j\b\i to get in exchange for payment, especially money: 'we are \Ibuying\j\b\i a new car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to accept the truth of: 'I can't \Ibuy\j\b\i that story'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbuy off\j\b\i, to bribe in order to get rid of opposition, etc.
\Bbuy out\j\b\i, to obtain ownership by buying all other shares, etc. \Bbuy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hbuyback\h
\Pnoun\p an agreement between two parties where one party agrees to sell, usually securities, to the other while undertaking to buy them back at an agreed price at a specified time.
#
\Hbuyer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person who buys.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who selects, orders and buys stock for a department store, etc.
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\Hbuzz\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a low humming sound: 'flies \Ibuzzed\j\b\i noisily in the kitchen'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move rapidly or busily: 'people \Ibuzzed\j\b\i around the scene of the accident'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to communicate by telephone or an intercom system: 'I will \Ibuzz\j\b\i his office'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fly an aircraft very low to attract attention.
\Bbuzz off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to leave. \Bbuzz\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
#
\Hbuzzard\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large, heavy birds of the falcon family.
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\Hbuzzer\h
\Pnoun\p an electrical device, such as a doorbell, which produces a buzzing sound.
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\Hbuzz saw\h
See \Jcircular saw\j\b\i.
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\Hbuzzword\h
\Pnoun\p a fashionable jargon word, often used to impress listeners or readers.
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\Hbwana\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1bwah\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p a form of address meaning sir or master. Swahili
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\Hby\h
preposition, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i used to indicate direction:
a) 'sit \Iby\j\b\i me' (= near).
b) 'he walked \Iby\j\b\i without a word' (= past).
c) 'north \Iby\j\b\i north-west' (= towards).
d) 'let's walk \Iby\j\b\i the beach' (= along, through).
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate time:
a) 'we will travel \Iby\j\b\i day' (= during).
b) 'come \Iby\j\b\i 5 o'clock' (= not later than).
\CX13.\j\b\i used to indicate manner or method:
a) 'it only missed us \Iby\j\b\i a small amount' (= to the extent of).
b) 'don't judge \Iby\j\b\i appearances' (= according to).
c) 'they were paid \Iby\j\b\i the hour' (= per).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby and by\j\b\i, 'it will rain \Iby and by\j\b\i' (= before long).
\Bby and large\j\b\i, on the whole; more or less.
\Bby the way\j\b\i, \Bby the by\j\b\i, \Bby the bye\j\b\i, incidentally.
#
\Hby-\h
a prefix meaning secondary or incidental, as in \Ibypass\j\b\i.
#
\Hbye\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the state of having no opponent for a particular round in a contest and therefore entering automatically into the next.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a run scored when a ball passes the batsman and the wicket without touching either of them.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i any holes which remain unplayed at the end of a match.
#
\Hbye-bye\h
interjection goodbye.
#
\Hby-election\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jelection\j\b\i.
#
\Hbygone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1by\j\b\i-gon \Padjective\p being in the past: 'in \Ibygone\j\b\i days people believed the world was flat'.
\Bbygone\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Blet bygones be bygones\j\b\i, to forgive and forget a past disagreement, offence, etc.
#
\Hby-law\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bbye-law\j\b\i
a law or rule having effect in a local area only, and generally made by a local council.
#
\Hby-line\h
\Pnoun\p an author's name printed above or below an article printed in a newspaper or magazine.
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\Hbypass\h
\Pnoun\p by-pass a road which passes around or avoids a busy area such as a city centre. \Bbypass\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to avoid or ignore; \Bbypass\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hbyplay\h
\Pnoun\p any action or speech carried on apart from the main action: 'the \Ibyplay\j\b\i at the back of the stage brought much laughter from the audience'.
#
\Hby-product\h
\Pnoun\p a secondary or incidental product of any activity, especially of a manufacturing process: 'whey is a \Iby-product\j\b\i of cheese-making'.
#
\Hbystander\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is present at, or sees, but does not take part in, an event.
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\Hbyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i bite \Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a configuration of a number of bits, usually eight, used to represent a single character of information. Compare \Jbit (3)\j\b\i.
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\Hbyway\h
\Pnoun\p a minor road or path.
#
\Hbyword\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which represents or characterises a quality, type, etc.: 'in our office Keith is a \Ibyword\j\b\i for efficiency'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a common saying.
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\Hcab\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a taxi.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various horse-drawn carriages formerly for public hire.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jcabin\j\b\i. short form of \Bcabriolet\j\b\i
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\Hcabal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1bahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a faction or group of people working towards a common aim, especially by secret methods. \Bcabalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcaballero\h
\Isay\j\b\i kabbal-\CX1yair\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a Spanish gentleman. Spanish, horseman
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\Hcabana\h
\Pnoun\p a small permanent shelter erected near a swimming pool.
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\Hcabaret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kabb\j\b\ia-ray \Pnoun\p a) a form of entertainment consisting of songs and dances, usually performed in a restaurant or nightclub. b) the restaurant itself. French, a tavern
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\Hcabbage\h
\Pnoun\p a large, broad-leafed vegetable, with the leaves arranged in a tight head.
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\Hcabby\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a taxi driver.
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\Hcaber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-ber \Pnoun\p a long, heavy pole which is lifted at one end and tossed in Scottish athletic competitions.
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\Hcabin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, simple house, often in the country.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a room for the accommodation of passengers on a ship. b) the space available for passengers or crew on an aircraft.
\CX13.\j\b\i the covered part of a vehicle where the driver sits. Short form is \Bcab\j\b\i.
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\Hcabinet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of furniture with shelves and drawers for storage or display.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a group of ministers from the ruling political party, which advises the Prime Minister on policy and each of whom leads a government department.
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\Hcabinet-maker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who builds household equipment such as cupboards, shelves, etc.
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\Hcable\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick, strong rope or chain.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bundle of insulated wires for carrying electricity.
\CX13.\j\b\i an overseas telegram. Short form of \Bcablegram\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a distance of 100 fathoms.
\Bcable\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to send a telegram overseas. Also called to \Bwire\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to secure with a cable.
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\Hcable car\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a tram which is pulled by a cable.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vehicle suspended from an overhead cable and forming part of a transport system.
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\Hcable television\h
a system for distributing television signals to homes, etc. by wire; also, the service thus provided.
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\Hcaboodle\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the whole lot.
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\Hcaboose\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1boose\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a car, usually the last one, on a freight train in which train workers sleep or eat; a guard's van.
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\Hcabriole\h
\Pnoun\p a curved and tapering furniture leg, often ending in the form of an animal's paw.
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\Hcabriolet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kab\j\b\irio-lay \Pnoun\p an open, horse-drawn, two-wheeled carriage with a hood.
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\Hcacao\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1kay\j\b\io \Pnoun\p the seeds from a small, evergreen, tropical tree, from which cocoa, chocolate, etc. are made.
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\Hcache\h
\Isay\j\b\i kash \Pnoun\p a) a hiding-place. b) a supply of things hidden or stored. \Bcaching\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to file or store information in a computer's memory. French \Icacher\j\b\i to hide
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\Hcachet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kash\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p an indication, usually of distinction.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his music has the \Icachet\j\b\i of genius' (= all the signs of). French, a seal
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\Hcachou\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kash\j\b\ioo \Ior\j\b\i ka-\CX1shoo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a tablet for sweetening the breath.
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\Hcackle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a shrill, broken sound similar to that of a hen after it lays an egg.
\CX12.\j\b\i to laugh or chatter noisily. \Bcackle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcacophonous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1koff\j\b\ia-nus \Padjective\p having a harsh, discordant sound. \Bcacophony\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1koff\j\b\ia-nee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikakos\j\b\i bad + \IphonΘ\j\b\i sound
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\Hcactus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcacti\j\b\i or \Bcactuses\j\b\i
any of various desert plants which store water in their fleshy, spike-covered stems.
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\Hcad\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who disregards accepted standards of decent behaviour. \Bcaddish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. (Army) \Bcad\j\b\i(et)
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\Hcadastral map\h
a map showing boundaries and ownership of land.
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\Hcadaver\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1dah\j\b\iva \Ior\j\b\i ka-\CX1davv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a human corpse, especially one used for dissection.
pale and haggard: 'the long illness made her face quite \Icadaverous\j\b\i'. Latin
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\Hcaddie\h
\Pnoun\p caddy (1) \IGolf:\j\b\i a person assisting a player by carrying the golf bag and often helping to select clubs. \Bcaddie\j\b\i (\Bcaddied\j\b\i, \Bcaddying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcaddy (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small, airtight tin or box for holding food, especially tea.
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\Hcadence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the rise and fall of sounds in the pitch of a voice, a line of poetry, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a group of chords which ends a composition, phrase, etc. Also called a \Bclose\j\b\i.
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\Hcadenza\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1den\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a brilliant solo flourish, sometimes improvised, in a solo vocal or instrumental performance.
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\Hcadet\h
\Pnoun\p a young person being trained to serve in an organisation, especially the armed forces, police, etc. \Bcadetship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a scholarship which includes a bond to work for the company, etc. giving it.
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\Hcadge\h
\Pverb\p to beg or borrow without intending to repay. \Bcadger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcadmium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 48, a ductile metal used as a pigment, for protective plating and in alloys. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hcadre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\ida \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\idra \Pnoun\p a group of trained people appointed to organise or establish another group, operation, etc. French
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\Hcaecum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-k'm \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcaeca\j\b\i
in America spelt \Bcecum\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any pouch, especially the one from which the appendix hangs at the junction of the small intestine and the colon. Latin \Icaecus\j\b\i blind
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\HCaesarian section\h
Caesarean section short form is \BCaesarian\j\b\i
an operation to deliver a developed foetus by cutting the wall of the uterus. after \IJulius Caesar\j\b\i, a Roman statesman, at whose birth such an operation was supposedly performed
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\Hcaesium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seez\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcesium\j\b\i
element number 55, a rare, strongly reactive metal used in photoelectric cells. See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i.
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\Hcaesura\h
\Isay\j\b\i siz-\CX1yoor\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a pause within a line of poetry.
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\Hcafe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaff\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p cafΘ a restaurant where coffee and light meals are served. French \IcafΘ\j\b\i coffee
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\Hcafeteria\h
\Isay\j\b\i kaffa-\CX1tee\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p a self-service restaurant, especially in an office building, department store, etc. Spanish, a coffee shop
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\Hcaffeine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaff\j\b\ieen \Pnoun\p a bitter, crystalline drug found in tea, coffee, etc. and used in medicine as a stimulant and diuretic.
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\Hcaffe latte\h
\Isay\j\b\i kaffay \CX1lar\j\b\i-tay an expresso coffee made with hot milk, usually served in glasses. Italian \Icaffe Θ latte\j\b\i coffee and milk
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\Hcaftan\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bkaftan\j\b\i
a loose garment with long, wide sleeves.
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\Hcage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a box-like enclosure with wires or bars in which birds, animals, etc. are kept.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to the bored patient the hospital was a \Icage\j\b\i' (= prison).
\CX12.\j\b\i a structure resembling a cage, such as an enclosed lift in a coalmine. \Bcage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose in or as if in a cage.
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\Hcagey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p cagy (\Iinformal\j\b\i) indirect, secretive or cautious: 'his \Icagey\j\b\i replies gave the police little information'. \Bcagily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcaginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcahoots\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1hoots\j\b\i plural \Pnoun\p \Bin cahoots\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the two boys were \Iin cahoots\j\b\i to trick their friend' (= in partnership).
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\Hcaimito\h
\Isay\j\b\i kay-\CX1mee\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p See \Jstar apple\j\b\i.
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\HCainozoic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kie-no-\CX1zo\j\b\i-ik \Ior\j\b\i kayno-\CX1zo\j\b\i-ik \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i the most recent geological era, which began about 65 million years ago and contains the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. \BCainozoic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikainos\j\b\i new, modern + \Izoion\j\b\i animal (as mammals first appeared then)
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\Hcairn\h
\Pnoun\p a pile of stones erected as a landmark, monument, etc.
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\Hcaisson\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1soon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a watertight tank used in the under-water construction of bridge foundations, etc.
\Bcaisson disease\j\b\i, the bends.
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\Hcajole\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1jole\j\b\i \Pverb\p to coax or persuade by flattery, promises, etc. \Bcajolery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, persuasion by flattery.
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\Hcake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet, baked food usually made of flour, eggs, liquid and a raising agent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a compressed block of any substance, such as soap.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba piece of cake\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anything which is easily gained or accomplished.
\Btake the cake\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be the best or most outstanding. \Bcake\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form into or cover with a compact mass.
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\Hcalabash\h
\Pnoun\p any of various gourds, used when dried to hold liquids and as musical instruments, etc.
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\Hcalamari\h
\Isay\j\b\i kalla-\CX1mar\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p any edible squid.
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\Hcalamine lotion\h
a soothing liquid made from zinc oxide (formula ZnO), used on the skin for sunburn, rashes, etc.
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\Hcalamity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lamm\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a disaster or unfortunate event. \Bcalamitous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcalamitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icalamitas\j\b\i a blight, damage
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\Hcalcareous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kal-\CX1kair\j\b\iius \Padjective\p of or relating to a substance which contains calcium, usually in the form of calcium carbonate (formula CaCO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i). Latin \Icalcina\j\b\i lime
to deposit calcium salts which harden tissue. \Bcalcification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcalcium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kal\j\b\isium \Pnoun\p element number 20, a soft metal whose compounds are found in limestone, chalk, teeth and bones. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i. Latin \Icalcis\j\b\i of limestone
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\Hcalculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kal\j\b\i-kew-late \Pverb\p to solve a problem using mathematical methods: 'we \Icalculated\j\b\i how long our trip would take'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her indifference was \Icalculated\j\b\i to irritate me' (= deliberately intended).
b) 'don't \Icalculate\j\b\i on his being there' (= count, rely). \Bcalculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of calculating, b) the result of calculating; \Bcalculator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or machine that calculates; \Bcalculating\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) shrewd or slyly clever, b) able to perform calculations. Latin \Icalculus\j\b\i a pebble (used in reckoning)
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\Hcalculus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kal\j\b\ikew-lus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a branch of analysis which studies the properties of functions using derivatives and integrals. Plural is \Bcalculuses\j\b\i.
\Bdifferential calculus\j\b\i is used to find the rates of change of functions, maxima and minima, and the slopes of tangents to curves.
\Bintegral calculus\j\b\i is used to find areas, volumes and lengths of arcs.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i See \Jstone\j\b\i. Plural is \Bcalculi\j\b\i.
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\Hcaldera\h
\Isay\j\b\i kal-\CX1dai\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p a deep, often lake-filled, cavity at the summit of a volcano, formed by the top of the volcano subsiding or being blown off by an eruption. Spanish, cauldron
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\Hcalendar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\ien-da \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a list of the days, weeks and months of a particular year. b) a list of important dates: 'a \Icalendar\j\b\i of social events'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any system of dividing time into fixed periods and marking the beginning and end of a year. See \Jgregorian calendar\j\b\i and \Byear\j\b\i. Latin \IKalendae\j\b\i (first day of) a month
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\Hcalender\h
\Pnoun\p a machine with rollers, used to smooth cloth, paper, etc. \Bcalender\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcalf (1)\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcalves\j\b\i
the offspring of a cow, whale, seal, etc.
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\Hcalf (2)\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcalves\j\b\i
the fleshy, muscular area at the back of the leg below the knee.
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\Hcalibrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\ii-brate \Pverb\p to determine or mark the scale on an instrument. \Bcalibration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcalibre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\iiba \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcaliber\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the diameter of a circular part, especially the bore of a rifle, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality or worth of a person: 'he is a man of great \Icalibre\j\b\i'. Arabic \Ikalib\j\b\i mould
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\Hcalico\h
\Pnoun\p a coarse, cotton fabric, usually off-white in colour. first made in \ICalicut\j\b\i, India
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\Hcalifornium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 98, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hcaliph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\iif \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcalif\j\b\i
a Moslem religious and civil leader believed to be a successor to Mohammed. \Bcaliphate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\iif-it), \Inoun\j\b\i, the leadership or rank of a caliph.
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\Hcall\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to utter loudly or clearly: 'she \Icalled\j\b\i for help'. b) to read out: 'the teacher \Icalled\j\b\i the roll'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Icall\j\b\i the office before 5 o'clock' (= telephone).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to demand the presence of: 'the barrister \Icalled\j\b\i her next witness'. b) to bring together the members of: 'to \Icall\j\b\i a meeting'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'try not to \Icall\j\b\i attention to the mistake' (= attract, bring).
\CX13.\j\b\i to pay a visit: 'may I \Icall\j\b\i tomorrow?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) to give a name to. b) to consider: 'it was hardly what you would \Icall\j\b\i a success'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to describe a race between horses, greyhounds, etc.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to bid.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcall for\j\b\i, a) to collect; b) 'the good news \Icalls for\j\b\i a celebration' (= needs, demands).
\Bcall off\j\b\i, to cancel.
\Bcall on\j\b\i, to visit.
\Bcall up\j\b\i, a) to summon for military service; b) to telephone.
\Bcall\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of calling: a) 'her \Icalls\j\b\i for help went unheeded'; b) 'I think I'll pay her a call soon'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the sound of calling: 'listen to the bird \Icalls\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'no telephone \Icalls\j\b\i should be made during work hours' (= conversations).
b) 'you had no \Icall\j\b\i to do such a thing' (= need, occasion).
c) 'your \Icall\j\b\i was six hearts, wasn't it?' (= bid).
d) 'I realise there are lots of \Icalls\j\b\i on your time' (= claims, demands).
\Bon call\j\b\i, available at short notice. \Bcaller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who calls, a person who telephones.
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\Hcallbox\h
\Pnoun\p a telephone box.
#
\Hcallgirl\h
\Pnoun\p a prostitute, formerly one who made appointments by telephone.
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\Hcalligraphy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lig\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art of fine handwriting. Greek \Ikallos\j\b\i beautiful + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hcalling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vocation or career.
\CX12.\j\b\i an inner urge or impulse: 'he felt a strong \Icalling\j\b\i to help the poor'.
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\Hcalliper\h
\Pnoun\p caliper \CX11.\j\b\i a brace or support, such as one worn to straighten a deformed limb.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) an instrument with two arms hinged at one end, used to measure curved surfaces.
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\Hcallisthenics\h
\Isay\j\b\i kallis-\CX1thenn\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a series of exercises performed to improve gracefulness, suppleness and control of the muscles. \Bcallisthenic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikallos\j\b\i beauty + \Isthenos\j\b\i strength
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\Hcallous\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being hardened or having calluses.
\CX12.\j\b\i insensitive or unfeeling: 'his \Icallous\j\b\i treatment of animals shocked us'. \Bcallously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcallousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icallosus\j\b\i thick-skinned
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\Hcallow\h
\Padjective\p inexperienced or immature.
#
\Hcallus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcalluses\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a) a hard, thickened area of skin, due to continual pressure. b) the tissue formed by bones during the healing of a fracture.
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\Hcalm\h
\Padjective\p quiet or undisturbed: 'she remains \Icalm\j\b\i in any crisis'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'today is predicted to be \Icalm\j\b\i and sunny' (= without wind). \Bcalm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become calm; \Bcalmly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcalm\j\b\i, \Bcalmness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hcalorie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius, equal to about 4.19 joules.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Icapital\j\b\i) a unit of energy equal to 1000 calories (4190 joules). Also called \Bkilocalorie\j\b\i. b) the quantity of food capable of producing this amount of energy. \Bcaloric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lorr\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to heat; \Bcalorific\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kalla-\CX1riff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to calories or conversion into heat. Latin \Icalor\j\b\i heat
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\Hcalorimeter\h
\Isay\j\b\i kallo-\CX1rimm\j\b\ii-ta \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure quantities of heat. \Bcalorimetry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcalumniate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lum\j\b\ini-ate \Pverb\p to speak falsely or maliciously of. \Bcalumniation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-lumni-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcalumnious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcalumny\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a false or malicious statement. Latin \Icalumnia\j\b\i trickery
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\Hcalvary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kal\j\b\iva-ree \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a model of the Crucifixion. after \ICalvary\j\b\i, the place where Christ was crucified
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\Hcalve\h
\Pverb\p to give birth to a calf.
#
\Hcalves\h
plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bcalf (1)\j\b\i and \Bcalf (2)\j\b\i.
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\HCalvinist\h
\Pnoun\p a follower of a religious movement which emphasises strict church discipline, the theory of predestination and the sinfulness of man. \BCalvinism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the beliefs or practices of Calvinists; \BCalvinistic\j\b\i, \BCalvinistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. after \IJohn Calvin\j\b\i, 1509-64, on whose system of theology the movement is based
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\Hcalypso\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lips\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcalypsos\j\b\i
a type of music from the West Indies having topical words and a strong rhythm.
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\Hcalyx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-lix \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kall\j\b\iix \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcalyces\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-la-seez) or \Bcalyxes\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the sepals or outermost group of floral parts. Greek \Ikalyx\j\b\i husk
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\Hcam\h
\Pnoun\p a device in a machine for changing circular motion into movement back and forth or the latter into the former.
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\Hcamaraderie\h
\Isay\j\b\i kamma-\CX1rah\j\b\ida-ree \Pnoun\p comradeship. French
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\Hcamber\h
\Pnoun\p a slight upward curve or arch in the middle, e.g. on a road to allow drainage. \Bcamber\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to curve upwards slightly in the middle.
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\Hcambium\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a layer of tissue in a root or stem which produces new cells on either side of itself and thus increases thickness.
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\HCambrian\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i. \BCambrian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcambric\h
\Pnoun\p a finely woven cotton or linen fabric.
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\Hcamcorder\h
\Pnoun\p a video camera which offers its users immediate playback through a special rear-mounted viewer after video-taping has occurred.
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\Hcame\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcome\j\b\i.
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\Hcamel\h
\Pnoun\p a large hornless ruminant with long legs and one or two humps on its back for storing food. It is found in the desert regions of Africa and Asia and is valued for its milk, wool, meat and as a pack animal.
the \Bdromedary\j\b\i has one hump; the Bactrian camel (also called a Mongolian camel) has two humps.
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\Hcamellia\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1meel\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p an evergreen, winter-flowering garden shrub of the tea family with shiny leaves and white, pink or red rose-like flowers.
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\Hcameo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kamm\j\b\iio \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcameos\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a raised engraving, usually on a brooch and showing a head in profile, in which the coloured layers of the material are used to distinguish the design from its background.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a small, but important role in a play.
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\Hcamera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kam\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p a lightproof device which records a photographic image by allowing a focused beam of light to fall on a sensitised surface, such as a film.
\Bin camera\j\b\i, (\ILaw\j\b\i) in private. Greek \Ikamara\j\b\i a (vaulted) room
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\Hcamisole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kamm\j\b\ii-sole \Pnoun\p a light, decorative under-bodice.
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\Hcamomile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kamm\j\b\io-mile \Pnoun\p a fragrant plant with daisy-like flowers which are used in medicine and cooking.
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\Hcamouflage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kamm\j\b\ia-flah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a method of disguise in which an object or organism assumes the colour, texture, etc., of its surroundings and thus appears to be a part of it. \Bcamouflage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to disguise or deceive by means of a camouflage.
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\Hcamp (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of tents, caravans or other kinds of temporary shelter in one place. b) the place where such shelters are situated. c) a similar military establishment.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people with the same ideals, etc.: 'which political \Icamp\j\b\i are you in?.' \Bcamp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pitch or live temporarily in tents, etc.; \Bcamper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcamp (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i exaggerated or artificial in style.
\CX12.\j\b\i homosexual. possibly from American police abbreviation \IKAMP\j\b\i Known As Male Prostitute
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\Hcampaign\h
\Isay\j\b\i kam-\CX1pane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i the active operations of an army, especially during one season or period.
\CX12.\j\b\i any organised operations for a particular purpose: 'a political \Icampaign\j\b\i'. \Bcampaign\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcampaigner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcampanile\h
\Isay\j\b\i kampa-\CX1nee\j\b\ili \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcampaniles\j\b\i or \Bcampanili\j\b\i
a belltower, usually a completely separate building. Italian
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\Hcamp follower\h
a hanger-on.
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\Hcamphor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kam\j\b\ifir \Pnoun\p a white crystalline solid with a characteristic, pleasant smell and used in mothballs, medicine and making celluloid. \Bcamphorate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to impregnate with camphor.
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\Hcampus\h
\Pnoun\p the grounds of a tertiary institution, e.g. a university. Latin, a level space
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\Hcamshaft\h
\Pnoun\p a shaft with cams on it, such as the camshaft used to operate the valves on an internal combustion engine.
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\Hcan (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcould\j\b\i)
an auxiliary \Pverb\p indicating power or ability to do something: '\Ican\j\b\i you lift the suitcase?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you \Ican\j\b\i only enter if you have a pass' (= are allowed to).
b) 'she \Ican\j\b\i be very nasty' (= has a tendency or ability to).
c) '\Ican\j\b\i I go now please?' (= may). \Bcannot\j\b\i (short form is \Bcan't\j\b\i), can not. See \Jmay (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hcan (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any metal container, such as one in which items such as food are sealed by the manufacturer.
\Bcarry the can\j\b\i, 'he was left to \Icarry the can\j\b\i' (= take the blame).
\Bcan\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcanned\j\b\i, \Bcanning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put into cans.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cancel or dismiss: 'the TV show has been \Icanned\j\b\i because of its unpopularity'.
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1nal\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a constructed waterway.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a long tubular passage in an animal or plant, e.g. for carrying food. \Bcanalise\j\b\i, \Bcanalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a direction to or provide an outlet for. Latin \Icanalis\j\b\i a channel
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\HcanapΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kann\j\b\ia-pee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kann\j\b\ia-pay \Pnoun\p a thin piece of bread or toast spread with cheese, caviar, etc.
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\Hcanary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1nair\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a small, yellow finch, often kept in a cage as a pet. originally from the \ICanary Islands\j\b\i
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\Hcanasta\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1nas\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a card game played by two to six people, in which the aim is to collect seven or more similar cards, each set of which is called a \Bcanasta\j\b\i. See \Jmeld (1)\j\b\i. Spanish, basket
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\Hcancan\h
\Pnoun\p a lively French stage dance featuring fast high kicks. French
\CX11.\j\b\i to make void: a) 'the match was \Icancelled\j\b\i because of rain'; b) 'he \Icancelled\j\b\i the order'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cross out or mark: 'to \Icancel\j\b\i a postage stamp'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to balance or compensate for.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) to divide integers out of the numerator and denominator of a fraction. b) to remove two quantities which equal zero in an algebraic equation. \IExample\j\b\i: 2\Ix\j\b\i + 3\Iy\j\b\i - 2\Ix\j\b\i is equal to 3\Iy\j\b\i. \Bcancellation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kansel-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcancer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\i-sa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various diseases in which a group of cells grows and multiplies rapidly, destroying nearby tissue. Pieces of the growth may break off and spread throughout the body. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bcancerous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i See \Jtropic of cancer\j\b\i under \Btropic\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a group of stars, the fourth sign of the zodiac. Also called the \BCrab\j\b\i.
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\Hcandela\h
\Isay\j\b\i kan-\CX1day\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p the base SI unit of luminous intensity. See \Jsi unit\j\b\i. Latin, a candle
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\Hcandelabrum\h
\Pnoun\p candelabra plural is \Bcandelabra\j\b\i or \Bcandelabras\j\b\i
an ornamental holder with branches in which candles are supported.
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\Hcandid\h
\Padjective\p frank or honest: 'a \Icandid\j\b\i opinion'. \Bcandidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcandidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icandidus\j\b\i dazzling white
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\Hcandidate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kandi\j\b\i-date \Pnoun\p a person who seeks or is nominated for a certain position, prize, honour, etc.: a) 'he is the new parliamentary \Icandidate\j\b\i'; b) '100 \Icandidates\j\b\i sat for the exam'. \Bcandidacy\j\b\i, \Bcandidature\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. \Bcandidate\j\b\i is a word used to describe a person applying for a job or position of some kind or a person sitting an exam or seeking an award. In ancient Rome, people who were standing as \Icandidates\j\b\i for positions of public service had to dress in white, the colour associated with purity and honesty. Since the Latin for 'white' is \Icandidus\j\b\i, the Roman \Icandidate\j\b\i standing for office was called a \Icandidatus\j\b\i, literally 'one clothed in white'.
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\Hcandied\h
\Padjective\p See \Jcandy\j\b\i.
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\Hcandle\h
\Pnoun\p a stick of wax or fat containing a wick which provides light when burned.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bburn the candle at both ends\j\b\i, to attempt to do more than one's energy allows.
\Bcannot hold a candle to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) is totally inferior to.
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\Hcandlepower\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the luminous intensity, expressed in candela.
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\Hcandour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p the quality of being candid or honest.
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\Hcandy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hard sweet made by boiling sugar.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i any sweet or sweets. \Bcandied\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, covered or impregnated with sugar; \Bcandy\j\b\i (\Bcandied\j\b\i, \Bcandying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to cook in heavy syrup, b) to boil down to a crystalline form. Persian \Ikand\j\b\i sugar
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\Hcane\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the long, hollow, jointed stems of certain grass-like plants such as bamboo, used to make furniture, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a stick used to beat someone with. b) a walking stick.
\Bcane\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to hit with a stick, especially as a punishment. Greek \Ikanna\j\b\i a reed
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\Hcane sugar\h
sucrose.
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\Hcanine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-nine \Padjective\p of or relating to dogs.
\Bcanine\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any animal in the dog family.
\CX12.\j\b\i a canine tooth. Latin \Icanis\j\b\i dog
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\Hcanine tooth\h
\IDentistry:\j\b\i any of the four single-pointed teeth, one on each side of each jaw next to the incisors, which are very prominent in dogs.
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\Hcanister\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kann\j\b\iista \Pnoun\p a tin or jar used for storage.
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\Hcanker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ulcerous sore.
\CX12.\j\b\i a disease of fruit trees. Latin \Icancer\j\b\i
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\Hcannabis\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmarijuana\j\b\i. Greek \Ikannabis\j\b\i hemp
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\Hcannelloni\h
\Isay\j\b\i kanna-\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i any tubular pieces of pasta.
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\Hcannery\h
\Pnoun\p a factory where food is put into tins or cans.
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\Hcannibal\h
\Pnoun\p any animal, especially a human being, which eats its own species.
\Bcannibalism\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the practice of eating the flesh of one's own species.
\Bcannibalise, cannibalize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to take serviceable parts from damaged machinery for use in the repair of other equipment. \Bcannibalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Spanish \ICanibales\j\b\i peoples of the Caribbean
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\Hcannily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jcanny\j\b\i.
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\Hcannon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various large mounted guns; the old type fired a solid, metal ball, called a \Bcannonball\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i a shot in which a ball hits two other balls in succession.
\Bcannon\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to collide heavily.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i to make a cannon.
\CX13.\j\b\i to discharge a cannon.
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\Hcannonade\h
\Pnoun\p a continuous firing of guns, especially in a battle.
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\Hcanny\h
\Padjective\p cautiously shrewd and wary: 'he is very \Icanny\j\b\i when it comes to money matters'. \Bcannily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcanniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcanoe\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1noo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any light, narrow boat which is propelled by paddles.
\Bpaddle one's own canoe\j\b\i, to be independent and manage on one's own. \Bcanoe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcanoeist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Haitian
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\Hcanon (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any law or rule, especially a religious one.
\CX12.\j\b\i a basic standard by which something is judged.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i any music in which one or more melodies are repeated by different instruments or voices, each repeat overlapping its predecessor in counterpoint.
\CX14.\j\b\i a list of works considered to be genuine. \Bcanonical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1nonn\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcanonise\j\b\i, \Bcanonize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to declare to be a saint; \Bcanonisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kanna-nize-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcanon (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a member of the clergy attached to a cathedral.
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\Hcanopy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kann\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a hanging, roof-like cover, e.g. for a bed. b) any similar outdoor shelter.
\CX12.\j\b\i the transparent covering of the cockpit of an aircraft. Greek \Ikonopeion\j\b\i bed equipped with a mosquito net
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\Hcant (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any hypocritically pious language.
\CX12.\j\b\i the jargon used by a particular group of people. \Bcant\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcant (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any angular deviation from the horizontal or vertical plane.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slanted or tilted position or edge. \Bcant\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause to slant or tilt.
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\Hcantabile\h
\Isay\j\b\i kan-\CX1tah\j\b\ibi-lay \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i in a singing manner.
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\Hcantaloup\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kant\j\b\ia-loop \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kant\j\b\ia-lope \Pnoun\p also called a \Brock\j\b\i \Bmelon\j\b\i
a round melon with sweet, orange flesh and a tough, wrinkled skin. first grown in Europe at \ICantalupo\j\b\i, Italy
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\Hcantankerous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kan-\CX1tank\j\b\ierus \Padjective\p bad-tempered or quarrelsome. \Bcantankerously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcantankerousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcantata\h
\Isay\j\b\i kan-\CX1tah\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a long, musical composition for soloists, chorus and often an orchestra.
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\Hcanteen\h
\Isay\j\b\i kan-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cafeteria or place of entertainment for the personnel of a military base, institution, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a box containing a set of cutlery, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i the eating and drinking utensils of a soldier, especially a water-bottle.
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\Hcanter\h
\Pnoun\p a gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop, in which groups of three distinct hoof-beats may be heard. \Bcanter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. from \Bcanter\j\b\i(bury gallop), the pace at which pilgrims supposedly travelled to Canterbury, England
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\Hcanticle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a short song or chant with words taken from the Bible and used in church services.
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\Hcantilever\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\iti-leeva \Pnoun\p a projecting part, such as the bracket supporting a balcony or a horizontal beam anchored at one end only. \Bcantilever bridge\j\b\i, a bridge resting on cantilevers projecting from either side of each of two piers.
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\Hcanto\h
\Pnoun\p one of the divisions of a long poem.
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\Hcanton\h
\Pnoun\p a municipal district, especially in Switzerland.
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\Hcantonment\h
\Pnoun\p a large camp for soldiers, usually with permanent quarters.
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\Hcantor\h
\Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i the main singer or person who leads the singing in a service. Latin, singer
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\Hcanvas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\i-vus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy fabric made from flax or cotton and used for tents, sails, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything made of canvas, such as a piece of canvas used by an artist as a painting surface.
\CX13.\j\b\i any or all of the sails on a boat.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBoxing:\j\b\i the covering, usually padded, over the floor of the ring.
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\Hcanvass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kan\j\b\i-vus \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to campaign for support, donations, etc., e.g. for a charity or a political candidate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to try to find out the views of electors in a forthcoming election.
\CX13.\j\b\i to put forward a proposal for discussion. \Bcanvass\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of canvassing; \Bcanvasser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who canvasses.
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\Hcanyon\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow, steep-sided river valley.
#
\Hcanyoning\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of canoeing in a river that flows through a canyon.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, round hat with no brim, usually with a peak at the front.
\CX12.\j\b\i the removable top of a pen, jar, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i something resembling a cap, such as the top, curved part of a mushroom.
\CX14.\j\b\i a small explosive used to make a noise in a toy gun.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a measurement used for heroin.
\IPhrases\j\b\i
\Bcap in hand\j\b\i, humbly.
\Bset one's cap at\j\b\i, 'he \Iset his cap at\j\b\i the circus trick rider' (= tried to capture the affections of).
\Bcap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcapped\j\b\i, \Bcapping\j\b\i)
to cover with or as if with a cap.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Icapped\j\b\i her story with an even funnier one' (= surpassed, outdid).
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\Hcapable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\ipa-b'l \Padjective\p able, competent or efficient: 'a \Icapable\j\b\i student'.
\Bbe capable of\j\b\i, a) 'he \Iis capable of\j\b\i murder' (= might); b) 'this situation \Iis capable of\j\b\i improvement' (= is susceptible to). \Bcapability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kaypa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcapably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcapacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pay\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p able to hold a large amount: 'a \Icapacious\j\b\i memory'. \Bcapaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcapaciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icapax\j\b\i, \Icapacis\j\b\i spacious
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\Hcapacitance\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-t'nce \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i the ability of a system to store electric charge when a potential difference is applied across it.
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\Hcapacitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-ta \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcondenser\j\b\i
\IElectricity:\j\b\i any device for storing electric charge, consisting in its simplest form of two conducting surfaces with an insulator between them.
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\Hcapacity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the power of receiving, holding or absorbing. b) a measure of this: 'the \Icapacity\j\b\i of this bottle is one litre'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a great \Icapacity\j\b\i for learning' (= ability, power).
\CX12.\j\b\i the maximum amount: 'the theatre was filled to \Icapacity\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the quality of being susceptible to certain treatment: 'the \Icapacity\j\b\i of elastic to be stretched'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a position or function: 'in his \Icapacity\j\b\i as leader'.
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\Hcape (1)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmantle\j\b\i
a short, sleeveless cloak fastened at the neck and hanging around the shoulders, often attached to a coat.
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\Hcape (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a piece of land jutting out into the sea.
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\Hcaper (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the flower bud of a prickly, Mediterranean shrub, usually pickled and used in sauces, etc.
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\Hcaper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a playful leap or skip.
\CX12.\j\b\i a prank. \Bcaper\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icaper\j\b\i a goat
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\Hcapillarity\h
\Isay\j\b\i kappi-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the tendency of a liquid in a narrow tube to move either up or down depending on the relative attraction of the liquid molecules to each other and to the walls of the container.
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\Hcapillary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pill\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the smallest blood vessels in the body which connect the arteries to the veins. \Bcapillary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or occurring in a narrow tube. Latin \Icapillus\j\b\i a hair
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\Hcapital (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the city or town which is the official seat of government in a country, state, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a capital letter.
\CX13.\j\b\i the total amount of money or property owned, used or invested by an individual or group.
\Bcapital\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to capital.
\CX12.\j\b\i involving the loss of life: '\Icapital\j\b\i punishment'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) splendid or excellent.
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\Hcapital (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i the top of a column, often decorated. Latin \Icapitalis\j\b\i chief
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\Hcapital gains\h
any profits from the sale of fixed assets.
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\Hcapital intensive\h
(of an industry) requiring large amounts of money in comparison to labour. Compare \Jlabour intensive\j\b\i.
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\Hcapitalise\h
\Pverb\p capitalize \CX11.\j\b\i to write or print with an initial capital or in capital letters.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to use as or change into capital.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Icapitalise\j\b\i on this marvellous piece of luck' (= make the most of). \Bcapitalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcapitalism\h
\Pnoun\p an economic and political system where industry, trade, etc. are owned and controlled by private individuals or groups. Compare \Jcommunism\j\b\i. \Bcapitalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcapitalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcapital letter\h
an enlarged letter such as is used at the beginning of a sentence or name: 'the \BA\j\b\i in \BAdelaide\j\b\i is a \Icapital letter\j\b\i'.
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\HCapitol\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAncient history:\j\b\i the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline hill, Rome.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i the building in which Congress or a State legislature meets.
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\Hcapitulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1pit\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to surrender, usually on stated conditions. \Bcapitulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcapon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-pon \Pnoun\p a domestic cock which has been castrated to improve its flesh for eating.
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\Hcappuccino\h
\Isay\j\b\i kappa-\CX1chee\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p an espresso coffee made with frothy milk. Italian
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\Hcaprice\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1preece\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) the tendency to change one's mind on a whim. b) such a change. \Bcapricious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1prish\j\b\ius), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcapriciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HCapricorn\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i See \Jtropic of capricorn\j\b\i under \Btropic\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the tenth sign of the zodiac. Also called the \BGoat\j\b\i. Latin \Icaper\j\b\i goat + \Icornus\j\b\i horned
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\Hcapsicum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\isi-k'm \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpepper\j\b\i
a long or bell-shaped, green to red fruit, varying in taste from mild to hot.
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\Hcapsize\h
\Pverb\p to overturn or cause to overturn, especially a floating vessel.
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\Hcapstan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\i-st'n \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i an upright post on a dock or ship which may be turned to pull in a rope.
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\Hcapsule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaps\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small soluble container for a dose of medicine.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a sheath or envelope of fibrous tissue. b) a membrane covering an organ or joint. c) a dry, burst-open fruit on a plant.
\CX13.\j\b\i the part of a spacecraft containing the instruments and crew. Latin \Icapsula\j\b\i little box
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\Hcaptain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person appointed to have leadership or authority over others: 'she is the \Icaptain\j\b\i of the team'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a lieutenant and a major.
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the navy ranking between a commander and a rear admiral. \Bcaptain\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icaput\j\b\i head
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\Hcaption\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a heading, description or short explanation, e.g. one accompanying a cartoon or illustration.
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\Hcaptious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p apt to find trivial faults and defects. \Bcaptiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcaptiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icaptiosus\j\b\i fallacious
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\Hcaptivate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\iti-vate \Pverb\p to enthral: 'the class was \Icaptivated\j\b\i by Rosa's poetry reading'. \Bcaptivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcaptive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\i-tiv \Pnoun\p a person who is captured or captivated. \Bcaptivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kap-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being a captive; \Bcaptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icaptivus\j\b\i caught
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\Hcapture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\i-cher \Pverb\p to seize as a prisoner.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his description \Icaptured\j\b\i our imaginations' (= inspired, took control of). \Bcapture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of capturing; \Bcaptor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who captures another.
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\Hcapuchin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kap\j\b\i-yoo-chin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-tailed, South American monkey, with tufts of hair on its head resembling a hood.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) one of the Franciscan orders of monks. Italian \Icappuccino\j\b\i hooded one
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\Hcar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a motor car.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various vehicles travelling on rails or attached to cables, such as a railway carriage or tram. Latin \Icarrus\j\b\i a four-wheeled wagon
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\Hcarafe\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rahf\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ka\j\b\i-raff \Pnoun\p a stopperless decanter. Arabic \Igharraf\j\b\i a drinking vessel
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\Hcaramel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ia-mel \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) sugar cooked to a dark brown colour, used as a flavouring in desserts, etc. b) a sweet with this taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale, golden-brown colour. \Bcaramelise\j\b\i, \Bcaramelize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to turn or be turned into caramel.
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\Hcarapace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ia-pace \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a shell or hard covering on the back of some animals, such as a crab, tortoise, etc.
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\Hcarat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metric unit of mass for gems, equal to 200 mg. Also called a \Bmetric carat\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a twenty-fourth part by weight used in expressing the pureness of gold. \IExample\j\b\i: 9 \Icarat\j\b\i gold has [***9/24] gold by weight.
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\Hcaravan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ia-van \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vehicle in which people may live, designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle or horses.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people travelling together, usually across a desert.
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\Hcaravanserai\h
\Isay\j\b\i karra-\CX1van\j\b\isa-rye \Pnoun\p an inn built for the accommodation of caravans in Eastern countries. Persian \Ikarwan\j\b\i caravan + \Iserai\j\b\i inn
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\Hcaraway\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ia-way \Pnoun\p a herb whose strong-smelling, seed-like fruits are used in cooking and medicine.
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\Hcarbide\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound of carbon and one other element, especially a metal.
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\Hcarbine\h
\Pnoun\p a) a light, short rifle, formerly used by cavalry. b) a light, automatic or semiautomatic rifle.
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\Hcarbohydrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i karbo-\CX1high\j\b\i-drate \Pnoun\p any of a group of complex organic compounds, such as sugars, starches, cellulose, etc., which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are present in all living things.
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\Hcarbolic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1boll\j\b\iik assid See \Jphenol\j\b\i.
#
\Hcarbon\h
\Pnoun\p element number 6, a non-metal found in the pure state in graphite and diamond. It forms the large molecules which are the basis of living tissue and is also found in petroleum, coal, etc. Latin \Icarbonis\j\b\i of charcoal
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\Hcarbonate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\ib'n-it \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a salt containing the bivalent (CO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i){\up6 2-\j\b\i ion.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add carbon dioxide: 'to \Icarbonate\j\b\i a drink'. \Bcarbonation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being saturated with carbon dioxide.
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\Hcarbon black\h
also called \Blampblack\j\b\i
a pure, finely divided form of carbon used in making inks, rubber products and certain plastics.
#
\Hcarbon copy\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a copy made by using carbon paper.
\CX12.\j\b\i any exact copy.
#
\Hcarbon dating\h
See \Jradiocarbon dating\j\b\i.
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\Hcarbon dioxide\h
a colourless, odourless, incombustible gas (formula CO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i), formed during respiration and widely used in industry as dry ice, in aerated drinks, etc.
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\Hcarbonic acid\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i the weak acid (formula H\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iCO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
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\HCarboniferous\h
\Isay\j\b\i karba-\CX1niff\j\b\ia-rus \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i.
#
\Hcarbonise\h
\Pverb\p carbonize to reduce to or form carbon. \Bcarbonisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the formation of carbon from organic matter.
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\Hcarbon monoxide\h
a colourless, odourless, poisonous gas (formula CO), which forms when carbon burns in an insufficient supply of oxygen.
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\Hcarbon paper\h
a chemically treated paper placed between pages so that anything marked on the top sheet will be reproduced on the others.
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\Hcarbon tetrachloride\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\ib'n tetra-\CX1klaw\j\b\i-ride a colourless liquid (formula CCl\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i), used in medicine and as a cleaning fluid, solvent, etc.
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\Hcarborundum\h
\Isay\j\b\i karba-\CX1run\j\b\i-d'm \Pnoun\p \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i silicon carbide (formula SiC), a dark, crystalline solid which is nearly as hard as diamond and is used as an abrasive. a trademark
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\Hcarboxylic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-bok-\CX1sill\j\b\iik assid also called \Bfatty acid\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a large group of organic acids, such as ethanoic acid (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iCOOH). Carboxylic acids with large molecules form essential parts of soaps, fats and oils.
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\Hcarbuncle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large area of infection in the skin, producing pus.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bright red gem. \Bcarbuncled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having carbuncles; \Bcarbuncular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a carbuncle. Latin \Icarbunculus\j\b\i a live coal
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\Hcarburettor\h
\Isay\j\b\i karb-ya-\CX1rett\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcarburetor\j\b\i
a device in an internal combustion engine for mixing fuel and air in the correct proportions.
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\Hcarcass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kark\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcarcase\j\b\i
the dead body of an animal.
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\Hcarcinogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1sinn\j\b\ia-j'n \Pnoun\p any substance producing a cancer in an organism. \Bcarcinogenesis\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcarcinogenic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kar-sinna-\CX1jenn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcarcinoma\h
\Isay\j\b\i karsi-\CX1no\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcarcinomata\j\b\i or \Bcarcinomas\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a form of cancer. Greek \Ikarkinos\j\b\i crab + -\Ioma\j\b\i a tumour
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\Hcard (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard, often printed for a particular purpose: a) 'a Christmas \Icard\j\b\i'; b) 'a pack of playing \Icards\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any of a number of games played with playing cards.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I wonder what other \Icards\j\b\i he has to use' (= methods, tricks).
b) 'what is on the \Icard\j\b\i for this afternoon?' (= programme).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he's a \Icard\j\b\i!' (= amusing person).
\Bon the cards\j\b\i, 'it's \Ion the cards\j\b\i that she will be elected' (= likely). Greek \Ikhartes\j\b\i a papyrus leaf
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\Hcard (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an instrument used to disentangle fibres of wool, etc. before spinning. \Bcard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcardamom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\ida-mum \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcardamon\j\b\i
the seed of an Asian plant, used in cooking and medicine.
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\Hcardboard\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet of thick, stiff pasteboard. \Bcardboard\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to cardboard, b) being insubstantial and precarious.
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\Hcardiac\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the heart. Greek \Ikardia\j\b\i the heart
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\Hcardigan\h
\Pnoun\p a knitted jacket which fastens down the front. after the 7th Earl of \ICardigan\j\b\i (who led the Charge of the Light Brigade)
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\Hcardinal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\idi-n'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of the council called the \BSacred College\j\b\i which elects and advises the Pope.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep, rich red colour.
\Bcardinal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i very important: 'this evidence is of \Icardinal\j\b\i value to the case'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a deep, rich red colour. Latin \Icardo\j\b\i, \Icardinis\j\b\i that on which all depends
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\Hcardinal number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i any whole number. Compare \Jordinal number\j\b\i.
#
\Hcardinal points\h
the four main directions of the compass: north, south, east and west.
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\Hcardiograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\idio-graf \Pnoun\p an electrocardiograph.
#
\Hcardiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i kardi-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the heart and its functions. \Bcardiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcardiovascular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\idio-\CX1vass\j\b\i-kewla \Padjective\p pertaining to the heart and the blood vessels.
#
\Hcardphone\h
\Pnoun\p a public telephone operated by use of a machine-readable card (phonecard) instead of money.
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\Hcardsharp\h
\Pnoun\p cardsharper a person, especially a professional gambler, who cheats at cards.
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\Hcare\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any worry or mental distress: 'she hasn't a \Icare\j\b\i in the world'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any serious attention: 'he takes great \Icare\j\b\i in everything he does'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any supervision: 'she left the children in the \Icare\j\b\i of an aunt'.
\Bcare of\j\b\i, 'we wrote to her \Icare of\j\b\i the Post Office.' (= at the address of).
\Bcare\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be concerned or interested.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't \Icare\j\b\i to go out today' (= wish).
\Bcare for\j\b\i, a) 'the government should \Icare for\j\b\i the poor' (= look after); b) 'I don't \Icare for\j\b\i chocolates (= like). \Bcarer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcaring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcareen\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to tip or sway to one side.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lay a ship on her side for cleaning and repair.
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\Hcareer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1reer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a chosen pursuit or occupation: 'a \Icareer\j\b\i in medicine'.
\Bcareer\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move rapidly: 'the car \Icareered\j\b\i down the hill'. \Bcareerist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person devoted to advancing in his or her career.
#
\Hcarefree\h
\Padjective\p free of worry or anxiety.
#
\Hcareful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i cautious: 'he's very \Icareful\j\b\i about what he says in public'.
\CX12.\j\b\i thorough: 'a \Icareful\j\b\i study of the situation'. \Bcarefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcarefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcaregiver\h
\Pnoun\p a person who takes care of another.
#
\Hcareless\h
\Padjective\p insufficiently painstaking or attentive: a) 'a \Icareless\j\b\i remark'; b) '\Icareless\j\b\i work'. \Bcarelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcarelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcaress\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1ress\j\b\i \Pverb\p to touch or embrace in an affectionate manner. \Bcaress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icarus\j\b\i dear
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\Hcaretaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to look after a building, goods, etc.
\Bcaretaker\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
holding office temporarily until a new appointment is made: 'a \Icaretaker\j\b\i Prime Minister'.
#
\Hcareworker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who takes care of another, especially one who has been trained to do so and is receiving payment.
#
\Hcareworn\h
\Padjective\p tired and troubled with worries: 'a \Icareworn\j\b\i schoolgirl'.
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\Hcargo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcargoes\j\b\i
the goods carried on a ship, aircraft, etc. Spanish
#
\HCaribbean\h
\Pnoun\p the term for the islands in the Caribbean Sea. \BCaribbean\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcaribou\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ii-boo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcaribou\j\b\i
a North American reindeer with large antlers.
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\Hcaricature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iika-choor \Pnoun\p a sketch or description of a person which exaggerates a predominant or peculiar feature, as in a cartoon. \Bcaricature\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Icaricare\j\b\i to exaggerate
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\Hcaries\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i fairies \Pnoun\p any decay in a tooth, bone, etc. \Bcarious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcarillon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1ril\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a) a set of bells in a tower on which tunes are played by hand or machinery. b) a tune played on such bells. French
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\Hcarmine\h
\Pnoun\p a deep, purplish-red colour. \Bcarmine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcarnage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\inij \Pnoun\p a massive slaughter or massacre.
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\Hcarnal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sensual or sexual.
\CX12.\j\b\i not spiritual.
\Bcarnal knowledge\j\b\i, (\ILaw\j\b\i) sexual intercourse. \Bcarnally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcarnality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icarnis\j\b\i of flesh
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\Hcarnation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a garden plant with sweet-smelling, rose-like flowers growing on long stems.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong, pink colour. \Bcarnation\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcarnival\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a festive occasion with noisy revelry and merrymaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fair or amusement show, especially a temporary one.
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\Hcarnivorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1nivv\j\b\i'rus \Padjective\p of or relating to an organism which eats flesh. Compare \Jgraminivorous\j\b\i. \Bcarnivore\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcarnivorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icarnis\j\b\i of flesh + \Ivorare\j\b\i to swallow
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\Hcarob\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ka\j\b\i-r'b \Pnoun\p the edible pod of a Mediterranean tree, often used as a substitute for chocolate.
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\Hcarol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a song for Christmas or other religious festivals. \Bcarol\j\b\i (\Bcarolled\j\b\i, \Bcarolling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to sing joyously.
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\Hcarotene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\ia-teen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a yellow pigment found in plants and changed into vitamin A in the liver.
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\Hcarotid\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rot\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two main arteries, one on each side of the neck, which carry blood to the head.
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\Hcarousal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1row\j\b\iz'l \Pnoun\p a noisy or drunken gathering, celebration, etc. \Bcarouse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcarousel\h
\Isay\j\b\i karra-\CX1sel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcarrousel\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a merry-go-round.
\CX12.\j\b\i apparatus for baggage distribution in an airport.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i the revolving tray in a microwave oven.
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\Hcarp (1)\h
\Pverb\p to find fault or complain unreasonably. \Bcarpingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcarp (2)\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcarp\j\b\i
any of a group of freshwater fish used as food and often bred in ponds.
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\Hcarpaccio\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka\CX1pach\j\b\i-eeo \Pnoun\p any thinly sliced marinated raw meat.
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\Hcarpal bone\h
See \Jwrist\j\b\i.
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\Hcarpel\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \Bpistil\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the seed-bearing part of a flower, comprising the ovary, style and stigma. Greek \Ikarpos\j\b\i fruit
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\Hcarpenter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who builds or fixes wooden parts or structures. \Bcarpentry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcarpenter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcarpet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\i-pit \Pnoun\p a thick covering for the floor, made of various fabrics, and often patterned.
\Bon the carpet\j\b\i, being reprimanded by a person in authority. \Bcarpet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to cover with carpet, b) (informal) to reprimand; \Bcarpeting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the material used for carpets.
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\Hcarpetbag\h
\Pnoun\p an oblong travelling bag made of carpeting.
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\Hcarpetbagger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican history:\j\b\i a Northerner who went to the South after the Civil War to seek political or other advantages.
\CX12.\j\b\i anyone who moves into an area seeking gain.
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\Hcarpet snake\h
an Australian python with striking black and reddish markings, and growing up to about 3{\shad \j\b\im long.
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\Hcarport\h
\Pnoun\p an open-sided shelter for cars, with a roof supported by posts.
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\Hcarrel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iel \Pnoun\p a separate desk for private work in a library.
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\Hcarriage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wheeled vehicle, usually horse-drawn, for carrying passengers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a part, e.g. of a machine, designed to hold or carry something: 'a gun \Icarriage\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the manner of holding the head and body.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) the act of transporting: 'you will have to bear the cost of \Icarriage\j\b\i'. b) the cost of transporting.
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\Hcarriageway\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a road for use by vehicles.
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\Hcarrier\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that carries or conveys: 'a furniture \Icarrier\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a person carrying, but not affected by, a particular organism who may transmit the disease to others.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i a wave which has its amplitude or frequency modulated so that it can carry a signal.
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\Hcarrion\h
\Pnoun\p any dead or decaying flesh.
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\Hcarrot\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with a cone-shaped, orange root which is used as a vegetable. \Bcarroty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, resembling a carrot in colour. Greek \Ikaroton\j\b\i
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\Hcarry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcarried\j\b\i, \Bcarrying\j\b\i)
to bear or take, especially from one place to another.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his voice \Icarries\j\b\i well' (= travels, transmits).
b) 'this shop \Icarries\j\b\i a wide range of goods' (= has, offers).
c) 'the motion was \Icarried\j\b\i unanimously' (= accepted, adopted).
d) '5 into 31 goes 6 and \Icarry\j\b\i 1' (= transfer to the next column).
e) 'will that branch \Icarry\j\b\i your weight?' (= support).
f) '\Icarry\j\b\i your head high' (= hold).
g) 'reinforcements enabled the fire-fighters to \Icarry\j\b\i the day' (= win).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcarry away\j\b\i, 'she was \Icarried away\j\b\i by all the excitement' (= strongly affected).
\Bcarry off\j\b\i, a) 'she \Icarried off\j\b\i all the prizes' (= won); b) 'he \Icarried off\j\b\i the deception' (= performed successfully).
\Bcarry on\j\b\i, a) to manage or continue; b) to behave in an excited or foolish manner.
\Bcarry out\j\b\i, to put into practice.
\Bcarry over\j\b\i, to postpone.
\Bcarry through\j\b\i, to complete.
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\Hcart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wheeled vehicle used to carry goods or passengers.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small vehicle pulled by hand.
\Bput the cart before the horse\j\b\i, to reverse the natural order. \Bcart\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to carry, especially in a cart; \Bcart away, cart off\j\b\i, to remove forcefully or unceremoniously; \Bcartage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\itij), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of transporting, b) the cost of transporting; \Bcarter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcarte blanche\h
\Isay\j\b\i kart blonsh a full or unconditional power, authority, etc.: 'the assistant was given \Icarte blanche\j\b\i while his boss was away'. French \Icarte\j\b\i card + \Iblanche\j\b\i white
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\Hcartel\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1tel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) an agreement between the manufacturers or distributors of a commodity to control output or prices. b) a group making such an agreement.
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\HCartesian coordinates\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the coordinates which locate a point in a plane or in space by giving the perpendicular distance from two or three axes which intersect at the origin at right angles. from Latinised name of \IRenΘ Descartes\j\b\i, 1596-1650, a French philosopher
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\Hcartilage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\ita-lij \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the tough, elastic tissue forming the ends of the bones and also found in the ears and nose. \Bcartilaginous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i karta-\CX1laj\j\b\iinus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcartography\h
\Isay\j\b\i kar-\CX1tog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the drawing and study of maps and charts. \Bcartographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcarton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\it'n \Pnoun\p a cardboard box or container.
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\Hcartoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a drawing or series of drawings which comment in an amusing and often exaggerated way on a person or event. b) a comic strip.
\CX12.\j\b\i a film consisting of a series of drawings which form continuous movement when shown through a projector. Short form of \Banimated cartoon\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i a preliminary sketch for a painting, decorative pattern, etc. \Bcartoonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcartridge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\i-trij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cylindrical case containing the charge of powder, primer and bullet or shot for a gun.
\CX12.\j\b\i a self-contained device for supplying a larger device or a machine with a specific requirement, such as an ink cartridge for a pen or a memory cartridge for a computer.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i the device which changes mechanical vibrations, received through the stylus from the groove of a record, into electronic signals for amplification.
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\Hcartridge paper\h
a rough paper used for drawing or printing.
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\Hcartwheel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the wheel of a cart.
\CX12.\j\b\i a somersault performed sideways with hands and legs extended.
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\Hcarve\h
\Pverb\p to cut into a shape: 'a statue \Icarved\j\b\i from stone'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'who will \Icarve\j\b\i the roast?' (= slice). b) 'he has \Icarved\j\b\i a career in computers' (= made, established). \Bcarver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that carves; \Bcarving\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a carved object or sculpture.
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\Hcaryatid\h
\Isay\j\b\i karri-\CX1att\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcaryatids\j\b\i or \Bcaryatides\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i karri-\CX1att\j\b\ia-deez)
a sculpture of a female figure used as a supporting column, e.g. in ancient Greek architecture.
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\Hcasbah\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bkasbah\j\b\i
(in North Africa) a citadel or palace, or the quarter adjoining it. Arabic, citadel
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\Hcascade\h
\Isay\j\b\i kass-\CX1kade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a waterfall or series of waterfalls. b) something resembling a waterfall. \Bcascade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Icascare\j\b\i to fall
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\Hcase (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instance, event or example: 'in that \Icase\j\b\i I will not come'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this is a \Icase\j\b\i requiring some thought' (= matter, problem).
b) 'there is a strong \Icase\j\b\i for reform' (= argument).
c) 'however it may appear to you, that is not the \Icase\j\b\i' (= actual state of affairs).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an occurrence of disease or disorder. b) a patient or client, as of a doctor, social worker, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a law suit.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a) the relationship of a word or \Ppronoun\p to another word in a sentence. b) the change of the word's form indicating this.
the \Pnoun\p or \Ppronoun\p which rules the action of the \Pverb\p is in the \Bnominative case\j\b\i. \IExample:\j\b\i \Ihe\j\b\i hit the ball.
a \Pnoun\p or \Ppronoun\p which is ruled by a \Pverb\p or preposition is in the \Bobjective case\j\b\i (in certain inflected languages called the \Baccusative case\j\b\i). \IExample:\j\b\i the ball hit \Ihim\j\b\i.
the \Bpossessive case\j\b\i (in certain inflected languages called the \Bgenitive case\j\b\i) expresses ownership. \IExample:\j\b\i the \Iboy's\j\b\i football.
the \Bdative case\j\b\i is used in certain inflected languages to indicate the indirect object.
the \Bablative case\j\b\i in Latin adds the sense \Iby\j\b\i, \Iwith\j\b\i or \Ifrom\j\b\i to the word.
\IExamples: bona fide, ipso facto.
Phrases:\j\b\i
\Bin any case\j\b\i, a) in any circumstances; b) moreover or besides.
\Bin case of\j\b\i, '\Iin case of\j\b\i fire, break the glass' (= in the event of).
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\Hcase (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a container, box or covering.
\CX12.\j\b\i a suitcase.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a tray containing type, usually arranged in a set of two, the upper case containing capital letters and the lower case containing the small letters. \Bcase\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put in a container, b) (informal) to watch or examine a house, etc. when planning a crime.
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\Hcase history\h
all relevant information about a person, including background and previous illnesses, used to help doctors, social workers, etc. diagnose or solve problems.
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\Hcasein\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-sin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-seen \Pnoun\p the main protein in milk, forming the basis of cheese, and used in paints, adhesives, plastics and artificial textile fibres. Latin \Icaseus\j\b\i cheese
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\Hcasement\h
\Pnoun\p a window which opens outwards on hinges which are attached at one side of it.
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\Hcash\h
\Pnoun\p a) any money in the form of banknotes or coins as distinct from cheques, etc. b) immediate payment rather than hire-purchase or other credit.
\Bcash\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or get cash in exchange for: 'the gambler \Icashed\j\b\i his chips'.
\Bcash in on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i), to gain a profit or advantage from.
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\Hcash crop\h
a crop grown for profit rather than consumption, such as coffee, rubber, etc., providing an important source of income.
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\Hcashew\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kash\j\b\ioo \Pnoun\p a small, kidney-shaped, edible nut, originally from South America.
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\Hcash flow\h
\IEconomics:\j\b\i the regulating of incoming and outgoing cash.
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\Hcashier (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kash-\CX1eer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who receives and pays out money, as in a bank.
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\Hcashier (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kash-\CX1eer\j\b\i \Pverb\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i to dismiss in disgrace, especially from a position of responsibility.
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\Hcashless\h
\Padjective\p not having banknotes or coins: 'we live in a \Icashless\j\b\i society'.
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\Hcashmere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kash\j\b\i-meer \Pnoun\p a) a fine soft goat's hair. b) a yarn or fabric made of such hair. from \IKashmir\j\b\i, India
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\Hcash register\h
a machine used to record cash sales, equipped with a drawer to keep banknotes and coins.
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\Hcasing\h
\Pnoun\p a) any outer case or covering. b) the material from which it is made.
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\Hcasino\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1see\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a place where gambling and other amusements are provided.
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\Hcask\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ask \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a barrel.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, cardboard box which contains a plastic bladder and tap, used for holding and serving wine or fruit juice.
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\Hcasket\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i basket \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, often ornamental, box for storing jewels, letters, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coffin.
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\Hcassava\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1sah\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a fleshy root grown in the tropics and made into flour or tapioca.
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\Hcasserole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kass\j\b\ia-role \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ovenproof dish, usually of glass or pottery and often with a lid, used for baking.
\CX12.\j\b\i any food cooked in such a dish, usually a mixture of meats and vegetables.
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\Hcassette\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1set\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small plastic box containing a recording tape on two spools which do not need rethreading.
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\Hcassock\h
\Pnoun\p a long close-fitting robe, usually black, worn by Christian priests.
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\Hcassowary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kassa\j\b\i-wairee \Pnoun\p a large, blue-black, flightless bird of Australia and New Guinea, with a large, horny crest on the head and brightly coloured skin on the face and neck. Malay
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\Hcast\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw: 'she \Icast\j\b\i her line into the water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pour liquid into a mould and allow it to set: 'to \Icast\j\b\i a statue in bronze'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to calculate: 'the astrologer \Icast\j\b\i my horoscope'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to choose actors for the roles in a play, film, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Icast\j\b\i a nervous glance at the others' (= directed, turned).
b) '\Icast\j\b\i your votes here' (= deposit, give).
c) 'the horse \Icast\j\b\i a shoe' (= shed, dropped).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcast about\j\b\i, 'he \Icast about\j\b\i for a plausible excuse' (= searched).
\Bcast back\j\b\i, to refer to the past.
\Bcast off\j\b\i, a) to reject or discard; b) to let go, e.g. as a ship from its mooring; c) to remove the last row of stitches from the needle in knitting.
\Bcast on\j\b\i, to place the first row of stitches on the needle in knitting.
\Bcast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of casting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i all the actors in a play, film, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i something shaped into a mould while in a fluid state, such as plaster for a broken limb.
\CX14.\j\b\i a sort or kind: 'he is a different \Icast\j\b\i of person'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a squint: 'he has a \Icast\j\b\i in one eye'.
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\Hcastanets\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kast\j\b\ia-nets plural \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a percussion instrument used in Spanish dances, etc. and made from two hollowed, round pieces of wood which are clicked together by the fingers. Spanish \Icastaûetas\j\b\i little chestnuts
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\Hcastaway\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kahst\j\b\ia-way \Pnoun\p a person who has been shipwrecked.
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\Hcaste\h
\Isay\j\b\i kahst \Pnoun\p a hereditary social group defined by occupation or trade, wealth, religion and marriage laws, such as the Hindu castes in India. Spanish \Icasta\j\b\i lineage
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\Hcaster\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcastor (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hcastigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kast\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p to punish or criticise severely. \Bcastigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcastigator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who castigates. Latin \Icastigare\j\b\i to chastise
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\Hcast iron\h
any hard, brittle alloy of iron and carbon (2-4 per cent), which may be cast into shape.
\Bcast-iron\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
made of cast iron.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the witness had a \Icast-iron\j\b\i excuse' (= unquestionable).
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\Hcastle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\is'l \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kass\j\b\iel \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large fortified building.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a rook.
\Bcastle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IChess:\j\b\i to move the king two squares towards a rook, then place the rook on the first square passed by the king. Latin \Icastellum\j\b\i fort
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\Hcastle in the air\h
a daydream.
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\Hcast-off\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that has been rejected or discarded, especially an item of clothing.
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\Hcastor (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\ista \Pnoun\p a bitter, strong-smelling cream obtained from glands in the beaver and used in perfume and medicine. Greek \Ikastor\j\b\i beaver
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\Hcastor (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\ista \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcaster\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small wheel or roller made to swivel in any direction, such as that used on furniture legs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a container with holes in the top for sprinkling sugar, salt or flour.
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\Hcastor oil\h
a thick oil obtained from the seeds of a tall Indian plant and used as a lubricant and a laxative.
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\Hcastor sugar\h
a finely ground sugar.
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\Hcastrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kass\j\b\i-trate \Pverb\p to remove the testicles to make sterile or prevent fertilisation. Compare \Jspay\j\b\i. \Bcastration\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kass-\CX1tray\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hcasual\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka\Izh\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i happening by chance: 'a \Icasual\j\b\i meeting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i careless or unconcerned: 'her \Icasual\j\b\i attitude towards work made her parents angry'.
\CX13.\j\b\i informal: '\Icasual\j\b\i dress'.
\CX14.\j\b\i irregular or occasional: '\Icasual\j\b\i employment'. \Bcasual\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is in casual employment; \Bcasually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcasualness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icasus\j\b\i a chance
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\Hcasualty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ka\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i-yew'l-tee \Pnoun\p a) a person injured or killed. b) an unfortunate accident, especially one involving injury.
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\Hcasuarina\h
\Isay\j\b\i kaz-yoo-\CX1reen\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p also called a \Bshe-oak\j\b\i
any of a group of Australian and Indian trees, often found in swampy areas and having needle-like leaves, flat-topped cones and slender, wiry branches.
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\Hcasuistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaz\j\b\i-yewis-tree \Pnoun\p any false but clever arguments, especially those used to settle questions of conscience. \Bcasuistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kaz-yoo-\CX1is\j\b\itik), \Bcasuistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcasuistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcasuist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises casuistry.
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\Hcat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small domesticated mammal kept as a pet.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a family of flesh-eating mammals including lions, tigers, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a gossipy, spiteful woman.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cat-o'-nine-tails.
\CX15.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i See \Jcatamaran\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blet the cat out of the bag\j\b\i, to reveal information, usually unintentionally.
\Brain cats and dogs\j\b\i, to rain very heavily.
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\Hcatabolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tabb\j\b\ia-lizm \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bkatabolism\j\b\i
the process in a living organism of breaking down complex substances into simpler ones. Compare \Janabolism\j\b\i. Greek \IkatabolΘ\j\b\i a throwing down
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\Hcataclysm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-klizm \Pnoun\p any sudden upheaval or change. \Bcataclysmic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1kliz\j\b\imik), \Bcataclysmal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikataklysmos\j\b\i deluge
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\Hcatacomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-koom \Ior\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-kome \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) an underground cemetery consisting of tunnels with recesses for graves.
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\Hcatafalque\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-falk \Pnoun\p a temporary stand on which a corpse lies in state.
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\Hcatalepsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-lepsee \Pnoun\p a form of epilepsy marked by paralysis instead of fits. \Bcataleptic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1lep\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikatalepsis\j\b\i a seizure
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\Hcatalogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-log \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcatalog\j\b\i
a list of items, names, goods, etc., often in alphabetical order: 'a \Icatalogue\j\b\i of paintings in an exhibition'. \Bcatalogue\j\b\i (\Bcatalogued\j\b\i, \Bcataloguing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcataloguer\j\b\i, \Bcataloguist\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Greek \Ikatalogos\j\b\i list
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\Hcatalyst\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-list \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a substance which causes or increases the rate of a chemical reaction, remaining unchanged at the end of the reaction.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person or thing that causes or accelerates change, etc. \Bcatalyse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcatalysis\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tall\j\b\ia-sis), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcatalytic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1litt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikatalysis\j\b\i dissolution
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\Hcatamaran\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-m'ran \Pnoun\p short form is \Bcat\j\b\i
a boat or raft with two parallel hulls which are joined above the water. Compare \Jtrimaran\j\b\i.
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\Hcatapult\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-polt \Pnoun\p a device for throwing objects, such as a Y-shaped device for shooting stones, a device for launching aircraft from ships, etc. \Bcatapult\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hurl from or as if from a catapult. Greek \Ikatapeltes\j\b\i
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\Hcataract\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a waterfall or series of waterfalls.
\CX12.\j\b\i a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes increasingly opaque. Greek \Ikatarrhaktes\j\b\i rushing down
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\Hcatarrh\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tar\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the mucous membranes, which produces excess mucus, especially in the respiratory tract. \Bcatarrhal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikatarrhein\j\b\i to run down
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\Hcatastrophe\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tast\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a sudden, widespread disaster. \Bcatastrophic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1stroff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcatastrophically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \IkatastrophΘ\j\b\i the turning point of a play
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\Hcatatonia\h
\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1toe\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a form of schizophrenia in which the body remains rigid for long periods of time, sometimes alternating with periods of excessive activity. \Bcatatonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikata\j\b\i down + \Itonos\j\b\i tension
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\Hcat-burglar\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jburglar\j\b\i.
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\Hcatcall\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kat\j\b\i-kawl \Pnoun\p a cry or sound used to express disapproval, disgust, etc.
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\Hcatch\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcaught\j\b\i, \Bcatching\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to stop and hold a moving object: 'throw the ball and I'll \Icatch\j\b\i it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has \Icaught\j\b\i the flu' (= become infected with).
b) 'mother \Icaught\j\b\i him stealing' (= detected in the act of).
c) 'he \Icaught\j\b\i my eye and winked' (= got the attention of).
d) 'I \Icaught\j\b\i my foot on the carpet' (= entangled).
e) 'the stick \Icaught\j\b\i him on the shoulder' (= hit).
f) 'I don't \Icatch\j\b\i your meaning' (= understand).
g) 'the briquettes \Icaught\j\b\i instantly' (= began to burn).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to catch a hit ball before it lands or bounces, causing the batter to be dismissed.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcatch it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you'll \Icatch it\j\b\i when Dad finds out!' (= get into trouble).
\Bcatch on\j\b\i, a) 'long skirts have certainly \Icaught on\j\b\i this year' (= become popular or fashionable); b) 'do you think he \Icaught on\j\b\i to the joke?' (= understood).
\Bcatch out\j\b\i, 'I was \Icaught out\j\b\i by their trick' (= trapped).
\Bcatch up\j\b\i, to become level with or overtake.
\Bcatch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of catching.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) anything which catches or holds: 'a safety \Icatch\j\b\i'. b) anything which is caught: 'a good \Icatch\j\b\i of fish'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there must be a \Icatch\j\b\i to the plan' (= trick, complication).
b) 'he is considered quite a \Icatch\j\b\i' (= eligible partner for marriage).
\Bcatch-22\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a regulation or procedure which offers the person subject to it no hope of meeting its stipulations.
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\Hcatchment area\h
the drainage area of a river and its tributaries.
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\Hcatchword\h
\Pnoun\p catchphrase a word or phrase repeated to achieve effect, such as a slogan in an election.
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\Hcatchy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i easily remembered: 'a \Icatchy\j\b\i tune'.
\CX12.\j\b\i tricky: 'that's a \Icatchy\j\b\i question'.
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\Hcatechism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-kizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a book of instruction containing a summary of beliefs in the form of questions and answers.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar book of simple questions and answers. \Bcatechise\j\b\i, \Bcatechize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to teach or test by question and answer; \Bcatechist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an instructor in catechism; \Bcatechistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1kis\j\b\itik), \Bcatechistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcategorical\h
\Isay\j\b\i katta-\CX1gorr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p direct or unconditional: 'his reply was a \Icategorical\j\b\i "no!" '. \Bcategorically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcategory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-gree \Pnoun\p a division or class within a complete field: 'he puts gardening into the \Icategory\j\b\i of hard work'. \Bcategorise\j\b\i, \Bcategorize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put into a category or categories. Greek \Ikategoria\j\b\i a statement
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\Hcater\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\iter \Pverb\p to provide for or supply with, especially food, entertainment, etc.: 'that firm only \Icaters\j\b\i for formal parties'.
\Bcaterer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or business that provides food and other services for parties, etc.
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\Hcaterpillar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-pilla \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the herbivorous larva of a butterfly or moth.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tractor or other device which moves on two endless metal belts passing around its wheels. Old French \Ichatepelose\j\b\i hairy cat
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\Hcaterwaul\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1katt\j\b\ia-wawl \Pverb\p to cry or howl like a cat. \Bcaterwaul\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcatfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a large group of fish, usually freshwater, with whiskers near the mouth and a ridged spine which can inflict painful wounds.
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\Hcatgut\h
\Pnoun\p the dried, twisted intestines of sheep or other animals, used to make strings for musical instruments, tennis rackets, etc.
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\Hcatharsis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1thar\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcatharses\j\b\i
the release or relief of strong feelings, e.g. by acting out an impulse in drama, art, etc. \Bcathartic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikatharsis\j\b\i cleansing
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\Hcathedral\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1thee\j\b\i-dr'l \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the principal church in a diocese, containing the bishop's throne. Greek \Ikathedra\j\b\i chair
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\Hcatherine-wheel\h
\Pnoun\p a firework which spins as it burns.
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\Hcatheter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kath\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a hollow tube inserted to drain fluids, especially urine, from the body. Greek \Ikatheter\j\b\i anything let down into
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\Hcathode\h
\Pnoun\p a negative electrode. Compare \Janode\j\b\i. Greek \Ikata\j\b\i down + \Ihodos\j\b\i a way
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\Hcathode ray\h
a beam of electrons produced at the cathode, such as is used in a television picture tube.
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\Hcathode-ray oscilloscope\h
an instrument in which electronic impulses, waves, etc. are displayed and measured on a cathode-ray tube.
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\Hcathode-ray tube\h
a vacuum tube in which a beam of electrons produces a bright spot on a luminescent screen at the front of the tube. A television picture tube is a special type of cathode-ray tube.
#
\Hcatholic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kath\j\b\ia-lik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i universal: 'a matter of \Icatholic\j\b\i interest'.
\CX12.\j\b\i liberal or wide-ranging: 'his taste in music is \Icatholic\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) of or relating to the whole Church. b) of the Western or Roman Church as distinct from the Eastern or Greek Church.
\Bcatholic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of the Roman Catholic Church. \BCatholicism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i, the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; \Bcatholicity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i katha-\CX1liss\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being catholic. Greek \Ikatholikos\j\b\i universal
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\Hcation\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kat\j\b\i-eye-on \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a positively charged ion which is attracted to the cathode during electrolysis. Compare \Janion\j\b\i. Greek \Ikata\j\b\i down + \Bion\j\b\i
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\Hcatkin\h
\Pnoun\p a spike of soft, down-like flowers hanging from twigs, as on a willow or birch.
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\Hcatnap\h
\Pnoun\p a brief sleep. \Bcatnap\j\b\i (\Bcatnapped\j\b\i, \Bcatnapping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcatnip\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bcatmint\j\b\i
a variety of mint with strongly scented leaves.
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\Hcat-o'-nine-tails\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcat-o'-nine-tails\j\b\i
a whip for flogging a person, usually consisting of nine knotted cords attached to the handle.
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\HCAT scanner\h
also called \BCT scanner\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a machine which obtains information about a patient's internal organs by the integration of multiple x-ray images. \Bc\j\b\i(omputed) \Ba\j\b\i(xial) \Bt\j\b\i(omography)
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\Hcat's-eye\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a gem of the quartz group which reflects a single ray of light when cut in a rounded form.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reflector marking the centre or boundaries of a road.
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\Hcattle\h
\Pnoun\p any bovine mammals, such as cows, bulls, etc.
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\Hcatty\h
\Padjective\p cattish of or like a cat.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I dislike his \Icatty\j\b\i remarks' (= spiteful).
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\Hcatwalk\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow path or platform, e.g. on the sides of a bridge, etc.
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\HCaucasian\h
\Isay\j\b\i kaw-\CX1kay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p also called a \BCaucasoid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\ika-zoyd)
any of a major race of people, including those of Europe, south-west Asia and northern Africa, with light to brown skin and fine, straight or wavy hair. \BCaucasian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. after \ICaucasia\j\b\i, Russia, where the race supposedly originated
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\Hcaucus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-kus \Pnoun\p a committee, especially one consisting of the elected parliamentary members of a political party.
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\Hcaudal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-d'l \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i of or near the tail of an organism: 'a \Icaudal\j\b\i fin'. Latin \Icauda\j\b\i tail
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\Hcaught\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcatch\j\b\i.
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\Hcaul\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ball \Pnoun\p a thin covering membrane, such as that surrounding a foetus, covering the lower intestines of pigs, etc.
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\Hcauldron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kawl\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a large pot for cooking. Latin \Icalidarium\j\b\i a hot bath
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\Hcauliflower\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kol\j\b\ili-flower \Pnoun\p a large, white vegetable with a compact head of many sections, each with a broad stalk.
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\Hcauliflower ear\h
a flattened or deformed ear, especially one caused by blows in boxing.
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\Hcaulk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i walk \Pverb\p to fill seams or joints, such as gaps between planks in a boat, to make them watertight, etc.
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\Hcausal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-z'l \Padjective\p of or expressing cause.
the relationship between cause and effect. \Bcausally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcause\h
\Pnoun\p anything which produces an effect, action or result: 'a virus was the \Icause\j\b\i of his illness'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they are working for a noble \Icause\j\b\i' (= purpose, aim).
b) 'which barrister is pleading the defendant's \Icause\j\b\i?' (= case).
c) 'you have no \Icause\j\b\i to complain' (= reason).
\Bcause\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to bring about: 'what \Icaused\j\b\i the explosion?'. \Bcausation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcause cΘlΦbre\h
\Isay\j\b\i koze say-\CX1leb\j\b\ira a law suit which causes much debate or interest.
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\Hcauseway\h
\Pnoun\p a raised road or path, e.g. across wet or swampy ground.
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\Hcaustic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kos\j\b\i-tik \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-stik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of an alkali) able to corrode organic matter.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she embarrassed me with her \Icaustic\j\b\i wit' (= sarcastic, biting). \Bcaustically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ikaustikos\j\b\i capable of burning
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\Hcaustic potash\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i potassium hydroxide (formula KOH), a very strong alkali used for making soap, etc.
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\Hcaustic soda\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i sodium hydroxide (formula NaOH), a very strong alkali.
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\Hcauterise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kawt\j\b\ia-rize \Pverb\p cauterize to seal or destroy tissue by burning.
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\Hcaution\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of taking care, especially to avoid danger: 'drive with \Icaution\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a warning: 'the prisoner was released from gaol with a \Icaution\j\b\i not to repeat his crime'. \Bcaution\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to warn or advise; \Bcautionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icautio\j\b\i wariness
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\Hcautious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p very careful or wary: 'he is \Icautious\j\b\i about investing money'. \Bcautiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcautiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcavalcade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kavv\j\b\i'l-kade \Pnoun\p a procession, originally of horsemen: 'a \Icavalcade\j\b\i of official cars followed the President's vehicle'.
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\Hcavalier\h
\Isay\j\b\i kavva-\CX1leer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a horseman or knight.
\CX12.\j\b\i a courteous or gallant man. \Bcavalier\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, arrogant or offhand. French, a horserider
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\Hcavalry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kavv\j\b\i'l-ree \Pnoun\p the branch of the army which originally fought on horseback. Compare \Jinfantry\j\b\i. French
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\Hcave\h
\Pnoun\p an underground space under the earth's surface.
\Bcave\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fall in or collapse.
\Bcave in\j\b\i, a) to collapse, b) to submit or yield. Latin \Icavum\j\b\i a hollow
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\Hcaveat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kav\j\b\i-ee-at \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a request to postpone a case, transaction, etc. until further evidence is found or heard.
\CX12.\j\b\i a warning. Latin, let him beware
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\Hcaveat emptor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kav\j\b\i-ee-at \CX1em\j\b\ip-tor the responsibility of the buyer to make sure that what is purchased is suitable for its intended use. Latin, let the buyer beware
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\Hcaveman\h
\Pnoun\p a cave-dweller, especially a person from prehistoric times.
#
\Hcavern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kavv\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a large cave.
\Bcavernous\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
deep or hollow: 'a \Icavernous\j\b\i yawn'. \Bcavernously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcaviare\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kavv\j\b\ii-ah \Pnoun\p caviar the tiny, salted eggs of the sturgeon or other fish, considered a delicacy.
to quibble or make petty objections. \Bcavil\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Italian \Icavilla\j\b\i mockery
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\Hcavity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kavv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a hole or hollow in a solid object: 'a \Icavity\j\b\i in a tooth'.
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\Hcavort\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1vort\j\b\i \Pverb\p to jump or dance around.
#
\Hcaw\h
\Pnoun\p the harsh cry of a crow, cockatoo, etc. \Bcaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcay\h
\Isay\j\b\i kay \Ior\j\b\i kee \Pnoun\p also called a \Bkey\j\b\i
a small island.
#
\Hcayenne\h
\Pnoun\p a hot, red pepper made from the ground pods and seeds of certain varieties of capsicum.
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\Hcayman\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of South American freshwater reptiles, related to the alligator.
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\Hcease\h
\Pverb\p to stop or come to an end: 'the old mill has \Iceased\j\b\i to function'. \Bcease\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bceaseless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without end; \Bceaselessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icessare\j\b\i to give way, to rest
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\Hcease-fire\h
\Pnoun\p an end of hostilities, especially a truce.
#
\Hcecum\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcaecum\j\b\i.
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\Hcedar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seed\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any of a group of evergreen trees with short needle-like leaves, seeds in cones and hard, fragrant, red wood used for timber.
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\Hcede\h
\Isay\j\b\i seed \Pverb\p to give up or surrender something to another: 'the property was \Iceded\j\b\i to the government'. Latin \Icedere\j\b\i to yield
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\Hcedilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1dill\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i. Spanish, a little \Iz\j\b\i
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\Hceiling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\iling \Pnoun\p the inside overhead lining of a room.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you'll have to put a \Iceiling\j\b\i on your spending' (= top limit).
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\Hcelebrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\ia-brate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hold a ceremony or other festivity: 'we \Icelebrated\j\b\i Christmas at home'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to praise: 'her beauty was \Icelebrated\j\b\i in poetry'.
\Bcelebrated\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
famous: 'she is a \Icelebrated\j\b\i singer'. \Bcelebration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of celebrating, b) anything that celebrates something; \Bcelebrant\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\ia-brunt), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person leading or taking part in a ceremony or celebration. Latin \Icelebrare\j\b\i to make widely known
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\Hcelebrity\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lebr\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a) fame. b) a famous person. Latin \Iceleber\j\b\i famous
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\Hceleriac\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of celery with turnip-like edible roots.
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\Hcelerity\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lerr\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a swiftness or speed: 'he did the job with great \Icelerity\j\b\i'. Latin \Iceler\j\b\i swift
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\Hcelery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a vegetable with long pale green edible stalks.
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\Hcelesta\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lest\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i an instrument like a small piano in which hammers strike metal bars to give a bell-like sound. French \IcΘleste\j\b\i heavenly
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\Hcelestial\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lest\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p heavenly or divine.
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\Hcelestial sphere\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i an imaginary sphere around the observer, in which the planets and stars appear to be fixed.
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\Hcelibacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\ii-b'see \Pnoun\p the state of remaining chaste or unmarried, especially because of religious vows. \Bcelibate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icaelebs\j\b\i bachelor
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\Hcell\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small room, usually for one person, as in a prison or monastery.
\CX12.\j\b\i a unit of protoplasm, usually containing a nucleus. It is enclosed by a membrane in animals and by a cell wall in plants.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a single device for producing electricity by chemical action. A \Bwet cell\j\b\i, e.g. in a motor car battery, has a liquid electrolyte. A \Bdry cell\j\b\i, e.g. in a torch battery, has the electrolyte in a jelly or absorbed in some porous material so that it will not spill.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of software) a) a position in a spreadsheet, shown as a single, small rectangular box, in which data or a formula is placed. b) a storage location in the memory that can hold one bit of information.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of telecommunications) the geographical area a transmitter controls for the purpose of regulating the transmissions of cellular telephones.
\CX16.\j\b\i a small group or unit dependent on a larger organisation: 'a communist \Icell\j\b\i was established in every small town'. \Bcellular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\i-yew-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or composed of cells. Latin \Icella\j\b\i storeroom
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\Hcellar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p an underground room, usually beneath a building and used to store wine, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has an extensive \Icellar\j\b\i to draw upon' (= supply of wine).
a) the capacity of a cellar. b) the cost of storage in a cellar. \Bcellar\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to store in a cellar.
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\Hcell-division\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the division of a cell in growth or reproduction.
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\Hcello\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chell\j\b\io \Pnoun\p 'cello short form of \Bvioloncello\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a large, low-pitched, stringed instrument, usually played with a bow by a seated player. \Bcellist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chell\j\b\iist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the cello.
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\Hcellophane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sell\j\b\io-fane \Pnoun\p a transparent, waterproof paper obtained from wood cellulose and used for wrapping food, etc. a trademark
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\Hcellular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\i-yew-la \Padjective\p See \Jcell\j\b\i.
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\Hcellular telephone\h
a small, usually portable, radio-telephone which sends or receives signals via a series of computer-linked transmitters, each of which regulates the transmissions over a specific geographical area (a cell).
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\Hcellulite\h
\Pnoun\p the fatty deposits which give a dimpled appearance to the skin.
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\Hcelluloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\i-yoo-loyd \Pnoun\p a hard, elastic, inflammable plastic which softens when heated. a trademark
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\Hcellulose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\i-yoo-loes \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a complex substance consisting of long chains of glucose units forming strong fibres, found in cell walls of plants. It is used in making paper, rayon, plastics and explosives.
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\Hcellulose acetate\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a range of substances made from cellulose and acetic acid, used in rayon and plastics.
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\Hcellulose nitrate\h
also called \Bnitrocellulose\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a range of substances produced by the action of nitric acid on cellulose, used in plastics, lacquers and explosives.
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\HCelsius\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\isi-us \Padjective\p of or relating to a scale of temperature with 0░C set at the melting point of ice, and 100░C set at the boiling point of water. Compare \Jkelvin\j\b\i and \Bfahrenheit\j\b\i. after \IAnders Celsius\j\b\i, 1701-44, a Swedish astronomer
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\HCelt\h
\Isay\j\b\i kelt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a member of an ancient Indo-European people now found chiefly in Wales, Ireland, Scotland and Brittany.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who speaks a Celtic language.
\BCeltic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to the Celts or their languages such as Welsh, Gaelic, Irish, Scottish, Breton, etc.
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\Hcement\h
\Isay\j\b\i sim\CX1ment\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any substance which, after mixing with a solvent such as water, sets to a hard mass. \BPortland cement\j\b\i is made by heating clay and lime.
\CX12.\j\b\i any substance which joins or fills, such as the natural material which binds rock particles together, or the adhesive, plastic substance used to fill teeth. \Bcement\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to cover with cement, b) to join firmly with or as if with cement; \Bcementation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i seemen-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icaementum\j\b\i rubble
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\Hcemetery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semma\j\b\i-tree \Pnoun\p also called a \Bgraveyard\j\b\i
an area of land reserved for the burial of the dead. The origins of \Bcemetery\j\b\i were not at first associated specifically with death. It comes from the Latin \Icoemeterium\j\b\i, from the Greek \Ikoimetrion\j\b\i. The Greek word originally meant a dormitory, a place to sleep, having come from the Greek \Pverb\p \Ikoiman\j\b\i (to put to sleep). It was only later that Greek Christian writers used it of a burial ground.
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\Hcenotaph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1senn\j\b\ia-taf \Ior\j\b\i \CX1senn\j\b\ia-tahf \Pnoun\p a monument, especially as a war memorial, in memory of a person or people whose bodies are buried elsewhere. Greek \Ikenos\j\b\i empty + \Itaphos\j\b\i tomb
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\HCenozoic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1senn\j\b\io-zo-ik \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jcainozoic\j\b\i.
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\Hcenser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a container in which incense is burned for religious ceremonies.
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\Hcensor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p an official appointed to examine books, newspapers, films, etc. and cut out any parts believed to be undesirable.
\Bcensorship\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or process of censoring. \Bcensor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to perform the work of a censor; \Bcensorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1saw\j\b\iri-ul), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, a magistrate do not confuse with \Bcensure\j\b\i.
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\Hcensorious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1saw\j\b\iri-us \Padjective\p being apt to find fault or criticise. \Bcensoriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcensoriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcensure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isha \Pnoun\p a formal expression of blame or disapproval: 'your \Icensure\j\b\i of his bad behaviour was appropriate'. \Bcensure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bcensor\j\b\i.
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\Hcensus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isus \Pnoun\p an official count of the inhabitants of a country. Latin
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\Hcent\h
\Isay\j\b\i sent \Pnoun\p a coin worth one hundredth of a dollar. Latin \Icentum\j\b\i hundred
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\Hcentaur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sent\j\b\iaw \Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a creature with the head and upper body of a man, and the lower body and legs of a horse.
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\Hcentenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1tee\j\b\ina-ree \Ior\j\b\i sen-\CX1tenn\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a 100th anniversary. \Bcentennial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcentennial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i a) lasting 100 years, b) occurring every 100 years; \Bcentenarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is 100 years old.
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\Hcenter\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcentre\j\b\i.
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\Hcenti-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one hundredth (10{\up6 -2\j\b\i).
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\Hcentigrade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\iti-grade \Padjective\p an old word for Celsius.
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\Hcentipede\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\iti-peed \Pnoun\p any of a group of arthropods with firm, flattened, segmented bodies, each segment having a pair of legs, the first pair being modified into poisonous fangs. Latin \Icentum\j\b\i hundred + \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hcentral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sent\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i at or near the centre: 'the rooms in the house opened onto the \Icentral\j\b\i passage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i principal or chief: 'the \Icentral\j\b\i issue, according to the article, is inflation'. \Bcentrally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcentral heating\h
a system of heating a building from one source by circulating steam, hot water or air through pipes.
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\Hcentralise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\itra-lize \Pverb\p centralize \CX11.\j\b\i to bring to a centre or make central.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of governments, institutions, etc.) to bring administration, the making of decisions, etc. under central control. \Bcentralisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcentralism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a process or policy of centralising; \Bcentralist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcentral nervous system\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the brain and spinal cord.
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\Hcentral processing unit\h
short form is \BCPU\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i the part of a computer which controls its operations.
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\Hcentre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcenter\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a middle point, especially the point within a circle or sphere which is equidistant from the circumference.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is always the \Icentre\j\b\i of attention' (= main object).
b) 'a shopping \Icentre\j\b\i' (= principal place for).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) those politicians and their supporters of any political party who hold moderate views on most issues. Compare \Jleft wing\j\b\i and \Bright wing\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a player in one of various positions across or down the centre of a field.
\Bthe Centre\j\b\i, the interior or central part of Australia. \Bcentre\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to place in, at or towards the centre. Greek \Ikentron\j\b\i a sharp point
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\Hcentrefold\h
\Pnoun\p the pages in the centre of a magazine which form a spread.
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\Hcentre of gravity\h
the point in an object about which the weight is evenly balanced in any position.
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\Hcentrepiece\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a decorative object or arrangement, especially one placed at the centre of a dining table.
\CX12.\j\b\i a chief feature.
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\Hcentrifugal\h
\Isay\j\b\i sentri-\CX1few\j\b\i-g'l \Ior\j\b\i sen-\CX1triff\j\b\ia-g'l \Padjective\p moving or tending to move away from the centre.
\Bcentrifugal force\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the tendency of a rotating body to move away from its circular path at a tangent. \Bcentre\j\b\i + Latin \Ifugere\j\b\i to flee
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\Hcentrifuge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\itri-fewj \Pnoun\p any machine with a compartment which spins around a central axis, used to separate substances of different densities, etc.
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\Hcentripetal\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1tripp\j\b\ii-t'l \Padjective\p towards or moving towards the centre.
\Bcentripetal force\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the force applied to a body which causes it to rotate in a circle. \Bcentre\j\b\i + Latin \Ipetere\j\b\i to seek
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\Hcenturion\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1tew\j\b\iri-on \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i an officer in the Roman army commanding a company of 100 foot soldiers.
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\Hcentury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\icha-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a period of one hundred years.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group or collection of one hundred, e.g. of runs in cricket. Latin \Icentum\j\b\i hundred
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\Hcephalopod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seff\j\b\iala-pod \Pnoun\p any of a group of molluscs, including the squid, octopus and cuttlefish, which have tentacles attached to their heads. Greek \IkephalΘ\j\b\i head + \Ipodos\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hceramics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ser-\CX1ramm\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p a) (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the art of making pottery, etc. from moist clays which are shaped, then fired to dry and harden. b) any articles made in this way. Greek \Ikeramikos\j\b\i of pottery
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\Hcere\h
\Isay\j\b\i seer \Pnoun\p a bare patch, in birds such as the parrot, at the base of the upper beak, where the nostrils are situated. Latin \Icera\j\b\i wax
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\Hcereal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seer\j\b\iial \Pnoun\p a) any cultivated plant belonging to the grass family, producing an edible, starchy seed. b) a food made from such seed. after \ICeres\j\b\i, the goddess of agriculture in Roman mythology
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\Hcerebellum\h
\Isay\j\b\i serri-\CX1bell\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcerebella\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the rear part of the brain, which coordinates muscle movement. Latin, the smaller brain
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\Hcerebral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1serr\j\b\ii-br'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the brain.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'modern composers are too \Icerebral\j\b\i for her taste' (= intellectual, analytic). \Bcerebrate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use the brain.
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\Hcerebral palsy\h
a form of paralysis usually due to brain injury at or during birth, causing difficulty in developing controlled movements.
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\Hcerebrum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1serr\j\b\ii-br'm \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large front part of the brain, controlling conscious thought and muscular action. Latin, brain
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\Hceremonial\h
\Isay\j\b\i serra-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-ul \Padjective\p relating to formal or ritual occasions, etc.: 'the tribal chieftain wore a \Iceremonial\j\b\i cloak'.
\Bceremonial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
formalities: 'he was installed as mayor with due \Iceremonial\j\b\i'. \Bceremonially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1serr\j\b\ia-mo-nee \Pnoun\p the formal behaviour or set of acts performed on certain sacred or important occasions: a) 'an initiation \Iceremony\j\b\i'; b) 'a wedding \Iceremony\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were greeted with \Iceremony\j\b\i rather than friendship' (= formal politeness).
\Bstand on ceremony\j\b\i, 'our host urged us not to \Istand on ceremony\j\b\i' (= insist on formality). Latin \Icaerimonia\j\b\i religious worship
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seer\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 58, a rare metal. Its alloys are used in cigarette-lighter flints, and its compounds are used for making gas mantles and in glass-polishing. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hcertain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-t'n \Padjective\p sure or free from doubt: 'I am \Icertain\j\b\i he won't forget a second time'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she promised to meet me at a \Icertain\j\b\i time' (= specific).
b) 'there's a \Icertain\j\b\i arrogance about him' (= undefined).
c) 'I agree with you to a \Icertain\j\b\i extent' (= limited).
d) 'everyone knows a \Icertain\j\b\i person is responsible for the theft' (= not named but assumed to be known). \Bcertainly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without doubt; \Bcertainly\j\b\i!, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, of course!; \Bcertainty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being certain, b) a person or thing about which it is possible to be certain. Latin \Icertus\j\b\i settled
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\Hcertificate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1tiff\j\b\ia-kit \Pnoun\p a document or printed statement, often used as evidence for something: 'a birth \Icertificate\j\b\i'. \Bcertificate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1tiff\j\b\ia-kate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with or attest by a certificate; \Bcertification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to confirm that something is true or genuine.
\CX12.\j\b\i to officially declare a person insane.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to guarantee that there is enough money in a bank account for a cheque to be paid. \Bcertifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcertifiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcertitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirt\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p a sense of absolute conviction.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirv\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p a) of or relating to the neck. b) of or relating to the cervix.
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\Hcervix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-viks \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the cylindrical opening of the uterus of mammals which leads into the vagina. Latin, neck
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\Hcesium\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcaesium\j\b\i.
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\Hcessation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sess-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a ceasing or stopping: 'discussion of peace terms began after the \Icessation\j\b\i of hostilities'.
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\Hcession\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the transfer of land by one country to another, usually under the threat of war or after military defeat.
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\Hcesspool\h
\Isay\j\b\i sess-pool \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcesspit\j\b\i
a hole or pit into which drains empty.
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\Hcetacean\h
\Isay\j\b\i suh-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a member of the group of aquatic mammals which includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. \Bcetacean\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hchador\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cha\j\b\ir-da \Pnoun\p the outer garment worn by Moslem women, which covers the body and conceals the face below the eyes.
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\Hchafe\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make warm by rubbing.
\CX12.\j\b\i to wear or make sore by rubbing: 'the new shoes \Ichafed\j\b\i his feet'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ichafed\j\b\i at the idea of waiting so long' (= became irritated or impatient). French \Ichauffer\j\b\i to warm
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\Hchaff (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i chahf \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the husks of grains and grasses separated from the seeds.
\CX12.\j\b\i a finely chopped hay used as fodder.
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\Hchaff (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i chahf \Pverb\p to tease or make fun of.
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\Hchaffinch\h
\Pnoun\p a small European finch with a reddish-brown breast.
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\Hchafing dish\h
\ICooking:\j\b\i a dish which can be placed over gentle heat for cooking or keeping food warm.
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\Hchagrin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shag\j\b\irin \Ior\j\b\i sha-\CX1grin\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a feeling of vexation or disappointment. French
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\Hchain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of interlocked rings or links, usually of metal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the convicts were held in \Ichains\j\b\i' (= shackles).
\CX12.\j\b\i any connected series: a) 'the mountain \Ichain\j\b\i extended the length of the country'; b) 'he owns a \Ichain\j\b\i of motels'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a number of similar atoms joined together, particularly carbon, whose chains form the basis of all organic compounds.
\CX14.\j\b\i a measuring instrument used in surveying.
\CX15.\j\b\i a unit of length equal to about 20 m.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an apparatus put on vehicle wheels to give traction in snow and ice. \Bchain\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to bind or fasten with a chain.
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\Hchain-gang\h
\Pnoun\p a group of convicts chained together for work outdoors.
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\Hchain mail\h
See \Jmail (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hchain-reaction\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a reaction which produces substances that take a further part in the reaction, the rate of which rapidly increases. Most gaseous explosions are chain reactions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any series of reactions caused by a single event.
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\Hchainsaw\h
\Pnoun\p a portable saw consisting of a continuous, turning loop of chain with teeth set on it, powered by a small motor.
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\Hchain-smoke\h
\Pverb\p to smoke continuously, as by lighting one cigarette from another. \Bchain-smoker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchain-store\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of shops owned and controlled by one company.
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\Hchair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a movable seat for one person, usually having four legs and a support for the back.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who presides over business at a meeting: 'please direct your questions to the \Ichair\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the position of a professor in a university, especially as the head of a department.
\Bchair\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
also called to \Btake the chair\j\b\i
to preside over a meeting.
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\Hchair-lift\h
\Pnoun\p a series of seats hanging from a moving overhead cable, used to take people up and down a mountain, etc.
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\Hchairman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the chief executive of a company.
\CX12.\j\b\i a man who presides over business at a meeting. \Bchairmanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchairperson\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchairwoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a woman who presides over business at a meeting.
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\Hchaise\h
\Isay\j\b\i shaze \Pnoun\p an open, two-wheeled carriage with a hood, pulled by a horse. French
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\Hchaise longue\h
\Isay\j\b\i shaze long a chair with a long seat which serves as a full-length leg rest. French
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\Hchalcedony\h
\Isay\j\b\i kal-\CX1sedd\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any of a group of minerals composed of very fine quartz crystals, showing a wide range of colours and patterns.
\Bagate\j\b\i is usually made up of concentric coloured bands forming a nodule, and is used as a pivot for beam balances, and in jewellery.
\Bonyx\j\b\i has coloured bands, and is used in ornaments.
\Bjasper\j\b\i is reddish and opaque, and is used in ornaments.
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\Hchalet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shall\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a building, often with a wide, gently sloped, overhanging roof, common in Switzerland and other alpine regions. Swiss-French
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\Hchalice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chall\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a sacred vessel like a large goblet, used in religious services to hold Communion wine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a poetic word for a drinking cup. Latin \Icalix\j\b\i cup
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\Hchalk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i walk \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a soft, white, fine-grained limestone, composed of minute fossils.
\CX12.\j\b\i a prepared stick made from this substance, for drawing, marking, etc.
\Bchalk\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to mark or write with chalk.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bchalk and cheese\j\b\i, a total contrast.
\Bchalk up\j\b\i, a) 'by lunch the visiting team had \Ichalked up\j\b\i 300 runs' (= scored); b) 'losing money in the stock market is something you can \Ichalk up\j\b\i to experience' (= attribute). \Bchalky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the colour or texture of chalk; \Bchalkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icalx\j\b\i lime
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\Hchallenge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a call to engage in a contest: 'he issued a \Ichallenge\j\b\i to fight after school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a call or demand to explain, identify oneself, etc.: 'the sentry shouted a \Ichallenge\j\b\i to the approaching group'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this work presents a real \Ichallenge\j\b\i' (= demand on one's abilities, etc.).
b) 'his integrity was proved to be beyond \Ichallenge\j\b\i' (= doubt, objection). \Bchallenge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hchallenger\h
\Pnoun\p a person or team playing against an official champion, hoping to win the title.
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\Hchamber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chame\j\b\i-ber \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a room, especially a bedroom.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the rooms attached to a courthouse where judges carry out legal business which need not be done in court.
\CX13.\j\b\i a legislative, judicial or administrative body.
\CX14.\j\b\i a compartment or enclosed space: 'the \Ichambers\j\b\i of the heart'.
\CX15.\j\b\i the part of the breech of a rifle or a cylinder of a revolver, which receives the cartridge. Greek \Ikamara\j\b\i a (vaulted) room
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\Hchamberlain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chame\j\b\i-ber-lin \Pnoun\p a high official in the court of a monarch.
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\Hchambermaid\h
\Pnoun\p a woman employed to clean bedrooms in hotels, etc.
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\Hchamber music\h
any music composed for a small group of instruments, originally for performance in a private home or small concert hall.
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\Hchamber of commerce\h
an association of business people for the protection and promotion of commerce.
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\Hchamber-pot\h
\Pnoun\p a portable bowl formerly used in bedrooms instead of a toilet.
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\Hchameleon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1mee\j\b\ilian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various slow-moving, tree-dwelling lizards which are able to change colour to blend with their surroundings.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is changeable or fickle. Greek \Ikhamai\j\b\i ground + \Ileon\j\b\i lion
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\Hchamfer\h
\Pverb\p to bevel the sharp edges or corners of a piece of woodwork, etc. \Bchamfer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, bevelled edge.
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\Hchamois\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sham\j\b\iwah) an antelope found in the mountains of Europe and Asia, noted for the soft leather made from its hide.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shamm\j\b\ii) a soft, pliable leather treated with oil and used for cleaning, etc. Also spelt \Bshammy\j\b\i.
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\Hchamp\h
\Pverb\p to bite on or munch.
\Bchamp at the bit\j\b\i, to show restless impatience.
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\Hchampagne\h
\Isay\j\b\i sham-\CX1pane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a sparkling, white wine which is fermented in the bottle, originally made in Champagne, France.
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\Hchampignon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sham\j\b\ipin-yon \Pnoun\p a mushroom. French
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\Hchampion\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that wins first prize or takes first place in a competition.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is well known as a \Ichampion\j\b\i of free speech' (= supporter, defender). \Bchampion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to support or defend; \Bchampion\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being first or best of all competitors, b) (informal) first-rate or excellent. Latin \Icampio\j\b\i a fighter on a battlefield
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\Hchampionship\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the position or honour of being a champion. b) a competition to decide who shall be champion.
\CX12.\j\b\i any defence or support: 'her \Ichampionship\j\b\i of the new ideas encouraged others to accept them'.
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\Hchance\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i dance \Pnoun\p the random or unexpected nature of events: 'their careful preparations left nothing to \Ichance\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'is there no \Ichance\j\b\i of recovery?' (= possibility).
b) 'I met her purely by \Ichance\j\b\i' (= accident).
c) 'this is your \Ichance\j\b\i to prove yourself' (= opportunity).
d) 'take no \Ichances\j\b\i with him' (= risks).
e) 'he considers roulette a game of \Ichance\j\b\i' (= fate).
\Bchance\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to happen by chance: 'she \Ichanced\j\b\i upon a really superb flat close to the city'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to attempt or risk: 'in spite of my warning he said he would \Ichance\j\b\i it'. \Bchancy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, risky or uncertain.
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\Hchancel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chahn\j\b\i-s'l \Ior\j\b\i \CX1chan\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p the part of a church near the altar, set aside for the clergy and choir.
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\Hchancellor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chahn\j\b\i-s'la \Ior\j\b\i \CX1chan\j\b\i-s'la \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a title for various high officials.
\CX12.\j\b\i the honorary head of a university who has few official duties. \Bchancellery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chahn\j\b\isel-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the position of chancellor, b) the office or building used by a chancellor.
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\Hchancery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chah\j\b\insa-ree \Pnoun\p the office of a chancellor.
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\Hchancre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shang\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a small ulcer with a hard base, as in the early stages of syphilis. French, a canker
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\Hchandelier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shand\j\b\ia-leer \Pnoun\p an ornamental support for two or more lights, which hangs from a ceiling. French \Ichandelle\j\b\i candlestick
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\Hchandler\h
\Pnoun\p a) an old word for a person who makes or sells candles, soap, etc. b) a dealer in special types of goods, such as the rope, tackle, etc. for a ship.
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\Hchange\h
\Pverb\p to make or become different.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'will you \Ichange\j\b\i places with me?' (= exchange, substitute).
b) 'don't expect a bus conductor to \Ichange\j\b\i a $50 note' (= exchange for smaller money).
c) 'shouldn't you \Ichange\j\b\i before you go out?' (= put on different clothes).
\Bchange\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of changing. b) anything which is changed or different.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any money returned when the amount given is greater than necessary. b) any money in the form of coins as distinct from banknotes. Short form of \Bsmall change\j\b\i. \Bchangeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchangeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchangeability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchangeless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hchangeling\h
\Pnoun\p a child who is exchanged or substituted secretly for another, traditionally by fairies.
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\Hchange of life\h
See \Jmenopause\j\b\i.
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\Hchangeover\h
\Pnoun\p the changing or exchanging of one system, position, etc. for another.
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\Hchannel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the bed of a stream. b) the deeper part of a waterway such as a river or harbour. c) a passage or stretch of water.
\CX12.\j\b\i any passage through which something is carried or directed: 'he dug a \Ichannel\j\b\i along the fence'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must make your request through the proper \Ichannels\j\b\i' (= line of communication).
\CX13.\j\b\i the waveband used by a particular transmitter, television or radio station. Short form of \Bfrequency channel\j\b\i.
\Bchannel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bchannelled\j\b\i, \Bchannelling\j\b\i)
to form or cut a channel in: 'the river \Ichannelled\j\b\i its way through the rocks to the sea'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ichannelled\j\b\i his energies into pig farming' (= directed). Latin \Icanalis\j\b\i canal
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\Hchant\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the music to accompany the singing of psalms: 'a Gregorian \Ichant\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a monotonous, singsong speaking voice.
\Bchant\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to sing.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak in a singsong manner: 'the crowd \Ichanted\j\b\i "we want jobs" for about an hour'. Latin \Icantare\j\b\i to sing
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\Hchantry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chahn\j\b\i-tree \Pnoun\p a chapel used for the saying of Masses or prayers for the soul of the person who endowed it.
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\Hchaos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-os \Pnoun\p total confusion or disorder: 'the prolonged strikes reduced the transport system to \Ichaos\j\b\i'. \Bchaotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kay-\CX1ott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchaotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhaos\j\b\i a void or chasm
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\Hchaos theory\h
\IMathematics:\j\b\i a set of explanations which describes unpredictable and dynamic systems, such as weather patterns, and which also considers the major effects resulting from often minor causes.
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\Hchap (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchapped\j\b\i, \Bchapping\j\b\i)
(of skin, hands, etc.) to become cracked, split or roughened as a result of cold or exposure.
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\Hchap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any man: 'he's a very pleasant \Ichap\j\b\i'. from \Bchap\j\b\i(man), an old word for a hawker or pedlar
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\Hchapatti\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chup\j\b\iar-tee \Pnoun\p chapati \ICooking:\j\b\i a flat, round, unleavened Indian bread, often served to accompany meals.
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\Hchapel\h
\Pnoun\p a) a room or building, other than a church, used for worship. b) a section of a large church or cathedral having its own altar.
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\Hchaperon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shapp\j\b\ia-rone \Pnoun\p chaperone an older person in charge of a young, unmarried woman or unmarried couples. \Bchaperon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchaplain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chap\j\b\ilin \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a member of the clergy looking after the religious needs of an institution, such as a school, hospital or regiment. \Bchaplaincy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchaplet\h
\Pnoun\p a wreath of flowers, leaves, etc., for the head.
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\Hchaps\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i strong leather protective trousers with no seat, worn by cowboys, etc. when horseriding.
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\Hchapter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a division or section of a book.
\CX12.\j\b\i a branch of a society or fraternity: 'the local \Ichapter\j\b\i of the Association'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a) a meeting of monks from a particular order or place. b) a meeting of the canons of a cathedral.
\Bchapter and verse\j\b\i, 'he couldn't give me \Ichapter and verse\j\b\i, but he seemed sure of his facts' (= exact reference or source).
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\Hchar (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcharred\j\b\i, \Bcharring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to burn and reduce to carbon because of incomplete combustion.
\CX12.\j\b\i to scorch.
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\Hchar (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various fish related to the trout.
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\Hchar (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a charwoman. \Bchar\j\b\i (\Bcharred\j\b\i, \Bcharring\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to be employed to do housework.
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\Hcharabanc\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sharr\j\b\ia-bang \Pnoun\p an open, four-wheeled, horse-drawn or motorised carriage with bench seats. French \Ichar\j\b\i carriage + \Iα bancs\j\b\i with chairs
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\Hcharacter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iakta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the combination of qualities which distinguishes an individual, thing, or group: a) 'it is not in her \Icharacter\j\b\i to be submissive'; b) 'their house is luxurious but lacks \Icharacter\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality of moral strength or integrity: 'some schools place great emphasis on building \Icharacter\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person, especially an odd person: 'our old postman is a real \Icharacter\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person portrayed in a novel, play, film, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any observable trait in an organism which is due to the interaction of one or more genes with the environment.
\CX16.\j\b\i a symbol or letter, as in an alphabet.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdatabase\j\b\i. \Bcharacterless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikharakter\j\b\i a seal or its impression
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\Hcharacterise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iakta-rize \Pverb\p characterize a) to distinguish or mark: 'his work is \Icharacterised\j\b\i by attention to detail'. b) to describe the qualities or characteristics of.
\Bcharacterisation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the dramatising of character: 'her last novel had an ingenious plot but poor \Icharacterisation\j\b\i'.
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\Hcharacteristic\h
\Isay\j\b\i karrakta-\CX1rist\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any distinguishing feature: 'aggressiveness seems to be a \Icharacteristic\j\b\i of drunken drivers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the integer in a logarithm. \IExample\j\b\i: in the log 2000{\shad \j\b\i={\shad \j\b\i3.3010, the \Bcharacteristic\j\b\i is 3 and the \Bmantissa\j\b\i is 0.3010. \Bcharacteristic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcharacteristically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcharade\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1rahd\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any of various games in which certain players mime a word or phrase which others try to guess.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is pointless or deceptive.
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\Hcharcoal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various forms of impure carbon which remains after the incomplete burning of plant or animal tissue. Being porous, it is often used for filters, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stick of charred willow used for drawing.
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\Hcharge\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to accuse formally: 'he was \Icharged\j\b\i with assault and battery'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to ask as payment: 'they \Icharge\j\b\i very high prices for all their goods'. b) to record as a debt to be paid: 'please \Icharge\j\b\i it to my account'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to attack by rushing forward: 'the bull \Icharged\j\b\i her before she could reach the tree'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to command or instruct: 'he \Icharged\j\b\i me to stay here until help arrived'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to fill or supply: a) 'his words were \Icharged\j\b\i with meaning'; b) 'please \Icharge\j\b\i your glasses and we will drink a a toast'.
\Bcharge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of charging: 'her headlong \Icharge\j\b\i took him by surprise'. b) anything which is charged: 'what is the \Icharge\j\b\i for delivering goods to my home?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a care or responsibility. b) any person or thing in the care of another: 'the teacher and his \Icharges\j\b\i crowded into the museum'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jelectric charge\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i an explosive.
\Bin charge\j\b\i, 'who is \Iin charge\j\b\i of this meeting?' (= in command). \Bchargeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icarricare\j\b\i load
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\HchargΘ d'affaires\h
\Isay\j\b\i shar\Izh\j\b\iay da-\CX1fair\j\b\i plural is \BchargΘs d'affaires\j\b\i
\IPolitics:\j\b\i See \Jambassador\j\b\i. French \IchargΘ\j\b\i entrusted + \Id'affaires\j\b\i with affairs
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\Hchargeplate\h
\Pnoun\p a credit card.
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\Hcharger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cavalry horse.
\CX12.\j\b\i an apparatus used for charging storage batteries.
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\Hcharily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jchary\j\b\i.
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\Hchariot\h
\Pnoun\p an open, two-wheeled carriage pulled by horses and formerly used in wars, racing, etc. \Bcharioteer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the driver of a chariot.
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\Hcharisma\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1riz\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p a special quality or power to attract people and inspire their devotion. \Bcharismatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek, a divine gift
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\Hcharity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1charr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the helping of poor or underprivileged people. b) an organisation or fund set up for this purpose.
\CX12.\j\b\i a loving kindness towards others. \Bcharitable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, concerned with or showing charity; \Bcharitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcharitableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icaritas\j\b\i dearness
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\Hcharlady\h
\Pnoun\p a charwoman.
#
\Hcharlatan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shar\j\b\ila-tin \Pnoun\p an impostor or fake. \Bcharlatanism\j\b\i, \Bcharlatanry\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hcharleston\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1charl\j\b\i-st'n \Pnoun\p a dance like a lively foxtrot, popular in America and Europe in the 1920s. from \ICharleston\j\b\i, an American city where the dance first began
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\Hcharm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a magic formula or spell. b) any object worn or carried because it is believed to have magic powers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a trinket worn on a bracelet.
\CX13.\j\b\i the power or quality of attracting or pleasing: 'she has \Icharm\j\b\i, wit and poise'.
\Bwork like a charm\j\b\i, to work successfully or perfectly. \Bcharm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to act on with or as if with magic, b) to please or attract greatly; \Bcharming\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, delightful; \Bcharmingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcharmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that charms.
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\Hcharnel-house\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bcharnel\j\b\i
an old word for a place where the bodies or bones of the dead are kept.
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\Hchart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sheet or record showing special information, variations, etc. in a methodical form: 'a weather \Ichart\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a map showing sea-depth and coastal outlines.
\Bchart\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make a map or chart of: 'to \Ichart\j\b\i Australia's coastline'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Ichart\j\b\i your course of action carefully' (= plan). Latin \Icharta\j\b\i a writing
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\Hcharter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any written or printed statement of rights, permission, etc. granted by a ruler or government.
\CX12.\j\b\i the leasing or hiring of a vehicle, especially an aeroplane or boat. \Bcharter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to establish by a charter, b) to hire or lease.
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\Hchartreuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i shah-\CX1trerz\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pale green or yellow liqueur.
\CX12.\j\b\i a clear, light, yellowish-green colour. first made at \Ila Grande Chartreuse\j\b\i, a French monastery
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\Hcharwoman\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bchar\j\b\i
also called a \Bcharlady\j\b\i
a woman employed to do scrubbing and cleaning.
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\Hchary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chair\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i cautious or wary: 'my cat is \Ichary\j\b\i of strangers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sparing or stingy: 'she is \Ichary\j\b\i of her praise of others'. \Bcharily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchase (1)\h
\Pverb\p to pursue, especially in order to hunt or overtake: 'the police \Ichased\j\b\i the suspect's car'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ichased\j\b\i Fido away from the cat's dish' (= drove).
\Bchase\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of chasing or hunting.
\CX12.\j\b\i any private land on which animals to be hunted are kept.
\Bgive chase\j\b\i, to set out in pursuit.
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\Hchase (2)\h
\Pverb\p to decorate metal or some hard surface by cutting grooves, engraving, etc. \Bchasing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchaser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that chases.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drink of water, beer or other mild liquid taken after strong liquor.
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\Hchasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i kazm \Pnoun\p a gorge or any deep cleft in the earth's surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the disagreement between the two nations became an unbridgeable \Ichasm\j\b\i' (= difference, gap).
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\Hchassis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shass\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p the frame of a motor vehicle on which the body, wheels and other fittings are mounted. French
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\Hchaste\h
\Isay\j\b\i chayst \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i refraining from sexual intercourse outside marriage.
\CX12.\j\b\i restrained, simple or spare in style: 'the building was \Ichaste\j\b\i and elegant'. \Bchastity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chas\j\b\iti-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being chaste; \Bchastely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Icastus\j\b\i pure
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\Hchasten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chay\j\b\i-s'n \Pverb\p to correct by imposing punishment or suffering.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Ichastened\j\b\i by her failure' (= abashed, softened).
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\Hchastise\h
\Isay\j\b\i chast-\CX1ize\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to criticise severely or reproach.
\CX12.\j\b\i to punish, usually by beating. \Bchastisement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchastity belt\h
a belt with a lock or device to prevent sexual intercourse, which women in the Middle Ages were sometimes forced to wear while their husbands were away.
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\Hchat\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchatted\j\b\i, \Bchatting\j\b\i)
to talk casually or lightly.
\Bchat up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk flirtingly or persuasively with.
\Bchat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any informal conversation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an Australian bird related to the wren, living in open country. b) a European bird related to the thrush.
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\Hchateau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shat\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p chΓteau plural is \Bchateaus\j\b\i or \Bchateaux\j\b\i
a French castle or large country house. French
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\Hchattel\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a personal possession, usually movable, as distinct from land and buildings. Old French \Ichatel\j\b\i cattle
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\Hchatter\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to talk rapidly, especially in a very casual or silly manner. b) to utter short, inarticulate sounds: 'squirrels \Ichattered\j\b\i in the trees'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to click together rapidly: 'his teeth \Ichattered\j\b\i with cold'. \Bchatter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchatterbox\j\b\i, \Bchatterer\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who is very talkative; \Bchatty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, informal or conversational; \Bchattily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchauffeur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sho\j\b\i-fa \Pnoun\p a person employed to drive a car. \Bchauffeur\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to act as a chauffeur for. French, stoker
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\Hchauvinism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sho\j\b\i-va-nizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extreme or unthinking enthusiasm for the military glory of one's country.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excessive loyalty to or belief in the superiority of a cause: 'male \Ichauvinism\j\b\i'. \Bchauvinist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchauvinistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sho-va-\CX1nist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchauvinistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bchauvinism\j\b\i is now most commonly found describing the kind of disregard of women's rights held by some men. The modern term \Ichauvinism\j\b\i actually means an exaggerated belief in the superiority of any group to which one belongs. In the case of male \Ichauvinism\j\b\i the group is the male sex. \IChauvinism\j\b\i originally meant extreme patriotism, particularly in a military context. It takes its name from Nicholas \IChauvin\j\b\i, a French soldier in Napoleon's campaigns who was noted for his blind patriotism towards France and his excessive admiration for Napoleon's achievements.
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\Hcheap\h
\Padjective\p costing a relatively low amount.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'if you want the dress to hang properly, don't use \Icheap\j\b\i material' (= inferior).
b) 'spreading the rumour behind her back was a \Icheap\j\b\i trick' (= mean). \Bcheaply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcheapness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcheapskate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a person who is mean or stingy. Old English \Iceap\j\b\i bargain
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\Hcheapen\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make cheap or cheaper.
\CX12.\j\b\i to belittle or bring into contempt.
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\Hcheat\h
\Pverb\p to act deceitfully or dishonestly to gain something.
\Bcheat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an act of cheating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who cheats. \Bcheatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcheater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcheck\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stop or restrain: 'the legislation will \Icheck\j\b\i inflation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to investigate or establish the correctness of: 'add these figures and then \Icheck\j\b\i the total'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her story \Ichecks\j\b\i with the facts' (= matches, corresponds).
\CX13.\j\b\i to leave for temporary safekeeping: '\Icheck\j\b\i your bags with the attendant'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i to directly threaten an opponent's king.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcheck in\j\b\i, (at a hotel, etc.) to arrive and register.
\Bcheck off\j\b\i, 'he \Ichecked off\j\b\i the listed items one by one' (= marked as correct).
\Bcheck out\j\b\i, (at a hotel, etc.) to pay the bill and leave.
\Bcheck\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which hinders, controls or restrains: 'you must keep your temper in \Icheck\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any method or device for examining accuracy, correctness, etc.: 'we use a pocket calculator as a \Icheck\j\b\i on our sums'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a pattern consisting of squares, as those on a chessboard.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a situation in which a king is directly threatened by an opposing piece.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a cheque. \Bchecker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that checks.
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\Hcheck digit\h
a figure attached to a number sequence used to verify that the preceeding numbers are correct.
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\Hcheckers\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i draughts.
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\Hcheckmate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i the winning move, in which the opponent's king is prevented from making any move to escape a check. Short form is \Bmate\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any complete or total defeat. \Bcheckmate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Persian \Ishah\j\b\i the king + \Imat\j\b\i is dead
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\Hcheckout\h
\Pnoun\p the exit desk of a large store, usually a supermarket, where a customer's purchases are examined and paid for.
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\Hcheckpoint\h
\Pnoun\p a point where traffic or competitors are stopped for inspection, etc.
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\Hcheckup\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thorough examination, especially a periodic medical examination.
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\Hcheek\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) the side of the face below the eye. b) a buttock.
\CX12.\j\b\i insolent or impudent behaviour.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcheek by jowl\j\b\i, 'we stood \Icheek by jowl\j\b\i with many famous people at the charity function' (= side by side).
\Btongue in cheek\j\b\i, See \Jtongue\j\b\i. \Bcheeky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, impudent; \Bcheekily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcheekiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcheep\h
\Pverb\p to make a faint chirping like young birds. \Bcheep\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcheer\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to shout out encouragement or applause.
\CX12.\j\b\i to gladden or fill with hope: 'she was greatly \Icheered\j\b\i by the good news'.
\Bcheerful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
in good spirits. \Bcheer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) encouragement or gladness, b) a shout of approval, etc.; \Bcheerfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcheerfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcheerless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, miserable or mournful.
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\Hcheerio\h
\Pnoun\p, interjection goodbye.
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\Hcheers\h
interjection (as a toast) to your health! all the best!
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\Hcheery\h
\Padjective\p openly bright or giving cheer: 'they had a \Icheery\j\b\i fire going when we arrived'. \Bcheerily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcheeriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcheese\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various solid foods made from the curd of milk.
\CX12.\j\b\i a conserve of fruit with a texture similar to soft cheese: 'lemon \Icheese\j\b\i'.
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\Hcheesecloth\h
\Pnoun\p a loosely woven fabric, formely used in cheese-making.
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\Hcheesed-off\h
\Padjective\p also spelt \Bcheesed off\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) bored. b) angry or disgusted.
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\Hcheeseparing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cheez\j\b\i-pair-ing \Padjective\p mean or very cautious, especially with money.
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\Hcheetah\h
\Pnoun\p a long-legged mammal of the cat family, living in Africa and Asia, and sometimes trained to hunt. It is the fastest land animal. Sanskrit \Ichitra\j\b\i spot
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\Hchef\h
\Isay\j\b\i shef \Pnoun\p a cook, especially the head cook in a restaurant. French, chief
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\Hchemical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kemm\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the science or processes of chemistry.
\Bchemical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any substance used or produced in a chemical process. \Bchemically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchemical engineering\h
the study and development of the applications of chemistry to industrial processes.
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\Hchemical warfare\h
any warfare using chemical weapons other than explosives, especially poisonous gases, irritants, etc.
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\Hchemise\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1meez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a woman's loose undergarment or shift.
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\Hchemist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kemm\j\b\iist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scientist who specialises in chemistry.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a pharmacist. b) a pharmacy.
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\Hchemistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kemm\j\b\ii-stree \Pnoun\p the study of the composition of substances and their effect upon each other. Greek \Ikhemia\j\b\i the (Egyptian) art of transmuting metals (alchemy)
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\Hchemotherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i kemmo-\CX1therr\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p the treatment of disease using chemicals which have a toxic effect on the micro-organisms which produce the disease.
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\Hchenille\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1neel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a fabric with a cut pile on both sides and velvety or woolly lines or ridges. French, hairy caterpillar
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\Hcheongsam\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ch\j\b\iong-sam \Pnoun\p a dress with a narrow, slit skirt and high neck. Chinese \Ich'ang shan\j\b\i long jacket
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\Hcheque\h
\Isay\j\b\i chek \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bcheck\j\b\i
a written order, usually on a printed form, directing a bank to pay a specific amount from the drawer's account. \Bchequebook\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a booklet containing a series of cheques.
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\Hchequer\h
\Isay\j\b\i chekker \Pverb\p to mark in checks or an alternating pattern: 'sunlight shining through the leaves \Ichequered\j\b\i the lawn'.
\Bchequer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a pattern of squares or checks.
\CX12.\j\b\i one of the pegs or marbles used in Chinese chequers. \Bchequered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, varied or eventful.
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\Hchequers\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdraughts\j\b\i.
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\Hcherish\h
\Pverb\p to hold dear or care for tenderly: 'my grandmother \Icherished\j\b\i few possessions'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we do not \Icherish\j\b\i any hope that it will be a short drought' (= hold, cling to). French \Icher\j\b\i dear
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\Hcheroot\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1root\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a thin cigar with open ends.
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\Hcherry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small, round, juicy red fruit with a small stone. b) the wood of the tree on which it grows.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bright purplish-red colour. \Bcherry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcherub\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cherr\j\b\iub \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an angel, often pictured as a child with wings. Plural is \Bcherubim\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a chubby-faced child. b) a well-behaved child. Plural is \Bcherubs\j\b\i. \Bcherubic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i cher-\CX1r\Iu\j\b\ibik\j\b\i), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hchess\h
\Pnoun\p a game played by two players on a square \Bchessboard\j\b\i with 64 alternately light and dark squares. Each player has 16 \Bchessmen\j\b\i; a king and a queen, two bishops, two knights, two rooks and eight pawns; they are moved according to specific rules with the aim of checkmating the opponent's king.
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\Hchest\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the upper front part of the trunk, between the neck and the abdomen.
\CX12.\j\b\i a box with a hinged or detachable lid, used for storing things.
\Bget something off one's chest\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i), to confess or tell of a worry.
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\Hchesterfield\h
\Pnoun\p a large late Victorian sofa with thickly padded back and arms. after an Earl of \IChesterfield\j\b\i
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\Hchestnut\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a large, edible nut growing on trees, often roasted on coals. b) the wood from such a tree.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coppery-brown horse, with a slightly darker mane and tail.
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\Hchest of drawers\h
a piece of furniture with drawers, for storing clothes, etc.
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\Hchevalier\h
\Isay\j\b\i shevva-\CX1leer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a) a horseman or knight. b) the lowest rank in the French nobility. French, horseman
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\Hchevre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shev\j\b\i'r \Pnoun\p a cheese made from goat's milk.
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\Hchevron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shev\j\b\i-r'n \Pnoun\p a V-shaped stripe worn on the sleeve of a uniform to indicate non-commissioned rank.
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\Hchew\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to crush or grind with or as if with the teeth.
\CX12.\j\b\i to consider or ponder; 'I'll \Ichew\j\b\i over the problem and decide later'. \Bchew\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of chewing, b) anything which is chewed or for chewing, such as a lump of tobacco; \Bchewy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hchi\h
\Isay\j\b\i chee \Pnoun\p the life force in the body. Chinese
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\Hchiaroscuro\h
\Isay\j\b\i kee-a-ro-\CX1skew\j\b\iro \Pnoun\p a) the balance of light and dark in a painting or drawing. b) the technique of creating effects by this means. Italian \Ichiaro\j\b\i bright + \Ioscuro\j\b\i dark
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\Hchic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sheek \Ior\j\b\i shik \Padjective\p elegant and stylish, especially in dress. French
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\Hchicanery\h
\Isay\j\b\i shi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-n'ree \Pnoun\p any deception or trickery, especially by legal means. French \Ichicaner\j\b\i to quibble
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\Hchick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a young bird, especially a young chicken.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a young woman.
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\Hchicken\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the common domestic fowl. b) one of its young.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a coward.
\Bchicken\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bchicken out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to lose one's nerve.
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\Hchickenfeed\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an insignificant amount, especially of money.
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\Hchickenpox\h
\Pnoun\p a highly contagious viral disease causing small blisters, most common among children.
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\Hchickpea\h
\Pnoun\p an edible, pea-like seed of a bushy plant found in Mediterranean countries, Asia and the Middle East.
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\Hchickweed\h
\Pnoun\p a common weed with small, white, star-shaped flowers.
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\Hchicory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chick\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p in America called \Bendive\j\b\i.
a herb, the leaves of which are used in salads. Its root is dried, roasted and ground and used for mixing with coffee or as a coffee substitute.
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\Hchide\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchided\j\b\i or \Bchid, chided\j\b\i or \Bchidden, chiding\j\b\i)
to scold or rebuke: 'her last letter \Ichided\j\b\i me for not writing'. \Bchidingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchief\h
\Isay\j\b\i cheef \Pnoun\p the head or ruler of a group.
\Bchief\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
highest in rank or importance: a) 'our \Ichief\j\b\i complaint concerns wages'; b) 'who is the new \IChief\j\b\i Justice?'. \Bchiefly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, to the greatest degree or extent.
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\Hchieftain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cheef\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p the leader of a clan or tribe.
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\Hchiffon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shiff\j\b\ion \Pnoun\p a thin, sheer fabric made from silk, nylon or rayon. French
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\Hchiffonier\h
\Isay\j\b\i shiffon-\CX1eer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a low cupboard or chest of drawers, usually with a flat top which may be used as a shelf or table. French
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\Hchignon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sheen\j\b\i-yon \Pnoun\p a hairstyle in which long hair is arranged in a roll at the back of the head. French, nape
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\Hchihuahua\h
\Isay\j\b\i chi-\CX1wah\j\b\i-wah \Pnoun\p any of a breed of very small dogs with large pointed ears. originally from \IChihuahua\j\b\i, Mexico
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\Hchilblain\h
\Pnoun\p an inflamed swelling of the fingers, toes, etc. caused by poor blood circulation in cold weather.
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\Hchild\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bchildren\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any young person.
\CX12.\j\b\i an offspring.
\Bwith child\j\b\i, pregnant.
\Bchildhood\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the state or time of being a child.
\Bsecond childhood\j\b\i, a state of foolishness in old age. \Bchildless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hchildbirth\h
\Pnoun\p the act of giving birth to a child.
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\Hchildish\h
\Padjective\p petulant or immature: 'his outburst was quite \Ichildish\j\b\i'. \Bchildishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchildishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchildlike\h
\Padjective\p having the innocence, openness or freshness of a child.
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\Hchildren\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jchild\j\b\i.
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\Hchild's play\h
a very easy task.
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\Hchill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sensation of cold.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'news of the crash cast a \Ichill\j\b\i over the meeting' (= a feeling of depression or uneasiness).
\CX12.\j\b\i a fever preceded by shivering, as an early symptom of a cold, etc.
\Bchill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become cold: '\Ichill\j\b\i the wine before serving'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her objections to the outing \Ichilled\j\b\i our earlier enthusiasm' (= dampened, discouraged).
\Bchilly, chill\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
cold, especially cold enough to produce shivering.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the uninvited guest met with a \Ichilly\j\b\i reception' (= hostile, aloof). \Bchilling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, frightening; \Bchillingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchillness, chilliness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hchilli\h
\Pnoun\p a hot spice made from the pod of a variety of capsicum.
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\Hchilli con carne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chil\j\b\i-ee con \CX1car\j\b\i-nee \ICooking:\j\b\i a spicy Mexican dish of meat, onions, chilli peppers and kidney beans. Spanish
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\Hchime\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bell or device which creates a ringing, musical sound: 'a door \Ichime\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tuned set of bells.
\Bchime\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to ring bells or to make the sound of bells.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his opinion on the matter \Ichimed\j\b\i with my own ideas' (= harmonised, agreed).
\Bchime in\j\b\i, to break into a conversation.
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\Hchimera\h
\Isay\j\b\i kie-\CX1meer\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bchimaera\j\b\i
an unreal or fanciful idea or image: 'his hope of becoming a millionaire is a \Ichimera\j\b\i'. \Bchimerical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kie-\CX1merr\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchimerically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. after \IChimaera\j\b\i, a monster in Greek mythology
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\Hchimney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chim\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bchimneys\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an upright, hollow structure which carries away smoke from a fire by creating a draught.
\CX12.\j\b\i a glass tube for enclosing the flame of a lamp. Greek \Ikaminos\j\b\i furnace
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\Hchimneypiece\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmantelpiece\j\b\i.
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\Hchimneystack\h
\Pnoun\p a group of chimneys built as one unit on a roof.
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\Hchimneysweep\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to clean out chimneys.
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\Hchimpanzee\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bchimp\j\b\i
an African ape, found in tropical forests and noted for its intelligence. Bantu
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\Hchin\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the lower part of the face, below the mouth.
\Bkeep one's chin up\j\b\i, to remain cheerful, especially under stress.
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\Hchina\h
\Pnoun\p any low-fired, porcelain ceramics, such as cups, plates, etc. \BBone china\j\b\i is fine, translucent china made with calcium phosphate from bone ash. \BEggshell china\j\b\i is a very fine, thin china.
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\Hchina clay\h
also called \Bkaolin\j\b\i
a very fine clay, a natural form of hydrated aluminium silicate, used in glazes and for making porcelain.
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\HChina syndrome\h
the possible situation during a meltdown in which the molten core of a nuclear reactor becomes so hot it burns through the floor of the reactor and sinks deep into the earth.
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\Hchinchilla\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small squirrel-like mammal found in the mountains of South America and bred for its hide and fur.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fabric with a tufted surface.
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\HChinese chequers\h
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a game for two or more people, played with pegs or marbles on a board with holes.
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\HChinese gooseberry\h
See \Jkiwi fruit\j\b\i.
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\Hchink (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a small crack or opening.
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\Hchink (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make a short, sharp ringing or metallic sound. \Bchink\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
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\Hchintz\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bchintzes\j\b\i
a glazed cotton, sometimes linen, fabric with printed flowery designs, used for curtains and loose covers. Hindi \Ichint\j\b\i spotted cloth
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\Hchip\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small piece or slice, usually broken or cut from something larger: a) 'a potato \Ichip\j\b\i'; b) 'a wood \Ichip\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mark or dent caused by breaking off a small piece: 'this cup has a \Ichip\j\b\i in it'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a small disc or counter used in certain card or gambling games.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a thin slice of silicon on which is imprinted the electronic circuitry necessary for a computer to function.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba chip off the old block\j\b\i, a person who is very like one or both parents.
\Ba chip on the shoulder\j\b\i, a grudge or resentment.
\Bchip\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bchipped\j\b\i, \Bchipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove a chip or chips from: 'be careful not to \Ichip\j\b\i that plate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hit or cut with short strokes: a) 'the sculptor \Ichipped\j\b\i at the marble'; b) 'the golfer \Ichipped\j\b\i the ball onto the green'.
\Bchip in\j\b\i, a) 'we all \Ichipped in\j\b\i to buy the present' (= contributed); b) 'don't \Ichip in\j\b\i while your father is speaking' (= interrupt). \Bchipper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchipboard\h
\Pnoun\p a material made of sawdust, wood scraps or similar material pressed into sheets and used for boxes, furniture, etc.
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\Hchipmunk\h
\Pnoun\p a small squirrel-like mammal with a striped back, found in forests in northern America.
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\Hchipper\h
\Padjective\p lively or cheerful.
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\Hchiropody\h
\Isay\j\b\i ki\CX1ropp\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p the treatment of minor foot complaints, such as corns. \Bchiropodist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikheir\j\b\i hand + \Ipodos\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hchiropractic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kie\j\b\i-ro-praktik \Pnoun\p a method of treating disease by manipulating segments of the spinal column, based on the idea that all disease is caused by interfering with the function of the nerves as they pass out of the spinal column. \Bchiropractor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikheir\j\b\i hand + \Ipraktikos\j\b\i practical
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\Hchirp\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bchirrup\j\b\i
to make a short, high-pitched sound like a bird. \Bchirp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bchirpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lively or chatty; \Bchirpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchisel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chizz\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a tool with a finely sharpened edge at one end, used for cutting and shaping. A \Bcold chisel\j\b\i is a steel chisel which is hard enough to cut cold metal.
\Bchisel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bchiselled\j\b\i, \Bchiselling\j\b\i)
to use or work with a chisel.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ichiselled\j\b\i the old lady out of her money' (= cheated). \Bchiselled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) cut with a chisel, b) clear-cut or well-shaped; \Bchiseller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a cheat or swindler.
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\Hchit (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a note, especially a bill or account.
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\Hchit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a young girl or woman.
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\Hchitchat\h
\Pnoun\p any casual or light-hearted conversation.
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\Hchitin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kie\j\b\i-tin \Pnoun\p a horny substance which is a component of the outer layer of certain insects, shellfish, etc. Greek \Ikhiton\j\b\i a coat of mail
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\Hchiton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kie\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p a small, oval mollusc with ridges on its outer surface, usually found attached to rocks.
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\Hchivalry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shivv\j\b\i'l-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any polite or courteous behaviour.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i the knightly system of virtue, honour, courage, duty, etc. \Bchivalrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchivalrously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchivalrousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Ichevalerie\j\b\i, from \Icheval\j\b\i horse
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\Hchive\h
\Pnoun\p a small grass-like plant related to the onion, used to add flavour in cooking.
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\Hchlamydia\h
\Isay\j\b\i klay-\CX1mid\j\b\ieea \Pnoun\p a sexually transmitted disease.
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\Hchloral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a colourless liquid used in medicine as a sedative. first made from \Bchlor\j\b\i(ine) + \Bal\j\b\i(cohol)
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\Hchloride\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klaw\j\b\i-ride \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a salt containing the univalent Cl{\up6 -\j\b\i ion.
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\Hchlorinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to combine or treat with chlorine, especially to disinfect water. \Bchlorination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchlorine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klaw\j\b\i-reen \Pnoun\p element number 17, a poisonous greenish-yellow gas with a choking, irritating smell, used as a bleach and to purify water. See \Jhalogen\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhloros\j\b\i green
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\Hchlorofluorocarbon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\io-flooro-karbon \Pnoun\p short form is \B\Bcfc\j\b\i\j\b\i
an inert chemical compound of carbon, fluorine, hydrogen and chlorine often used as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant.
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\Hchloroform\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\ia-form \Pnoun\p a colourless, heavy liquid with a strong, sweet smell, used as an anaesthetic and a solvent. \Bchloroform\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply chloroform to.
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\Hchlorophyll\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\ia-fil \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the green pigment, found in most plants, which traps energy from sunlight and makes photosynthesis possible. Greek \Ikhloros\j\b\i green + \Iphyllon\j\b\i leaf
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\Hchloroplast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klorr\j\b\ia-plast \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a plastid containing chlorophyll.
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\Hchlorosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i kla-\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a deficiency of iron, causing a yellowish-green colour, especially in plants. Greek \Ikhloros\j\b\i green + -\Bosis\j\b\i
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\Hchock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a block of wood or other material used as a wedge to prevent movement of a door, furniture, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a heavy metal or wooden fitting through which a rope, etc. may be passed. \Bchock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchock-a-block\h
\Padverb\p tightly packed or filled.
#
\Hchock-full\h
\Padjective\p tightly packed or filled.
#
\Hchocoholic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chok\j\b\i-o-hollik \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who compulsively eats chocolate.
#
\Hchocolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chok\j\b\i-lit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet or flavouring made from cacao.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark brown colour. \Bchocolate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Aztec \Ichocolatl\j\b\i
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\Hchoice\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i voice \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of choosing: 'the \Ichoice\j\b\i between the two candidates was very difficult'. b) anything which is chosen: 'what is your \Ichoice\j\b\i for dinner?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the power or right to choose: 'he likes to exercise his \Ichoice\j\b\i when buying for the family'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a number or variety of things from which to choose: 'there is a wide \Ichoice\j\b\i of subjects to study'. \Bchoice\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) excellent or fine, b) carefully selected.
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\Hchoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwire \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of singers, as in a church.
\CX12.\j\b\i a part of a church between the nave and the altar, set aside for the choir.
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\Hchoke\h
\Pverb\p to stop or cause to stop breathing by pressing or blocking the trachea.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ichoked\j\b\i back a sob' (= stopped, stifled).
b) 'the garden is \Ichoked\j\b\i with weeds' (= clogged, overgrown).
\Bchoke\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a device which increases the proportion of fuel to air entering the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or sound of choking.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a device which allows direct electric current to flow, but greatly weakens alternating current.
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\Hchokoe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cho\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p choko a firm, green, oval vegetable with crisp flesh.
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\Hcholer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p an old word meaning anger or irritability. \Bcholeric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \IkholΘ\j\b\i bile
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\Hcholera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iera \Pnoun\p an often fatal bacterial disease causing severe vomiting and diarrhoea, spread by contaminated water.
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\Hcholesterol\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lest\j\b\ia-rol \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a fatty alcohol found in some animal tissues. Greek \IkholΘ\j\b\i bile + \Istereos\j\b\i solid
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\Hchook\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i book \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a domestic fowl.
to decide on or take from a number or things: '\Ichoose\j\b\i whichever career you wish'. \Bchoosy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fussy or difficult to please.
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\Hchop (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchopped\j\b\i, \Bchopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut with heavy strokes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Ichop\j\b\i the onions finely' (= cut into pieces).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit the ball with a short, downward stroke.
\Bchop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a cutting stroke or movement: 'he made a wild \Ichop\j\b\i at his opponent's neck'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small cut of lamb, mutton or pork containing a bone, taken from the loin and including a rib of the animal.
\CX13.\j\b\i dismissal from a job or position: 'he was given the \Ichop\j\b\i for continually arriving late'.
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\Hchop (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchopped\j\b\i, \Bchopping\j\b\i)
\Bchop and change\j\b\i, to change repeatedly.
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\Hchopper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that chops, such as a cleaver for chopping meat.
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of fine sticks made of ivory, bamboo, etc. used by Asians to raise food to the mouth. Pidgin \Ichop\j\b\i quick + \Bsticks\j\b\i
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\Hchoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\i-al \Padjective\p of or sung by a choir or chorus.
#
\Hchorale\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor\CX1rahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bchoral\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a) a simple, slow tune or hymn sung or played in harmony. b) a choir or musical society.
#
\Hchord (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kord \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.
\CX12.\j\b\i a string on a musical instrument. from \Bcord\j\b\i
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\Hchord (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kord \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a group of three or more notes played together in harmony. from \Baccord\j\b\i
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\Hchordate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\idate \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i of or belonging to the large group of animals which includes vertebrates and animals with a primitive backbone. \Bchordate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ichorda\j\b\i chord (1)
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\Hchore\h
\Pnoun\p a small job considered to be boring, unpleasant, etc.
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\Hchorea\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p also called \BSt Vitus's dance\j\b\i
a disease in which there is uncontrolled, involuntary movement of the limbs. Greek \Ikhoreia\j\b\i dance
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\Hchoreography\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art of composing, arranging or directing ballets and dance routines. \Bchoreographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhoreia\j\b\i dance + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hchorister\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\iista \Pnoun\p a singer in a choir.
#
\Hchortle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chaw\j\b\i-t'l \Pverb\p to chuckle and snort with glee. from \Bch\j\b\i(uck)\Ble\j\b\i + (sn)\Bort\j\b\i, coined by Lewis Carroll in 1871
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\Hchorus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-rus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a) a group of singers or dancers who perform together. b) a performer or group of performers who speak the prologue, epilogue, etc. or comment on the action of a play.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a song or part of a song which is sung by a number of singers. b) a part of a song which is repeated at intervals.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the students replied in \Ichorus\j\b\i' (= together).
\Bchorus\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to sing or speak in a chorus.
#
\Hchose\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bchoose\j\b\i.
#
\Hchosen\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bchoose\j\b\i.
#
\Hchow\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of a breed of medium-sized, long-haired dogs, originally bred in China.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) food.
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\Hchowder\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i powder \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a soup or stew made from sea-foods, such as clams, or vegetables, with many other ingredients.
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\Hchow mein\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow lane \ICooking:\j\b\i a dish of fried noodles, finely chopped vegetables and shredded meat, poultry or seafood. Cantonese
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\HChrist\h
\Pnoun\p also called \BJesus\j\b\i
a religious teacher, living in Judaea about 2000 years ago, who preached universal love; the founder of Christianity. Greek \Ikhristos\j\b\i anointed
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\Hchristen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kriss\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p a) to baptise. b) to give a name to, especially at baptism.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'have you \Ichristened\j\b\i that new tablecloth yet?' (= used for the first time). \Bchristening\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old English \Icristnian\j\b\i to make Christian
#
\HChristendom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kriss\j\b\i'n-dom \Pnoun\p all Christian people, churches or countries.
#
\HChristian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kris\j\b\i-ch'n \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to Christ and the religion based on his teachings.
\CX12.\j\b\i kind or humane: 'helping the old couple was a \IChristian\j\b\i act'. \BChristian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \BChristianity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kristi-\CX1ann\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the Christian religion or beliefs.
#
\HChristian name\h
a) the name a person receives at baptism. b) a person's first name or names, as distinct from his or her surname.
#
\HChristian Scientist\h
a member of a religious sect founded in America in the 19th century by Mary Baker Eddy, emphasising the need for pure goodness and believing that disease may be cured by spiritual methods, especially by the mental effect of the patient's Christian faith.
#
\HChristmas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kris\j\b\imus \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the annual festival celebrating the birth of Christ.
\BChristmas Day\j\b\i is the day of Christmas celebrations, December 25th.
\BChristmas Eve\j\b\i is the day and night before Christmas Day.
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\Hchroma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p the purity or intensity of a colour or its freedom from white or grey. Greek \Ikhroma\j\b\i colour
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\Hchromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kro-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to colour or colours.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i relating to a chromatic scale. \Bchromatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hchromatic aberration\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jaberration\j\b\i.
#
\Hchromatic scale\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i a scale which ascends or descends by semitones. Compare \Jdiatonic scale\j\b\i.
#
\Hchromatography\h
\Isay\j\b\i kro-ma-\CX1tog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a method of chemical analysis of a liquid mixture by passing the mixture along an absorbent material such as paper or chalk, the parts of the mixture separating into different layers as they seep along.
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\Hchrome\h
\Isay\j\b\i krome \Pnoun\p something which is coated with chromium.
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\Hchrome red\h
a strong, reddish-orange colour.
#
\Hchromium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-mee-um \Pnoun\p element number 24, a hard metal used to make stainless steel and for protective electroplating. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhroma\j\b\i colour, as lead chromates are used in paint
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\Hchromosome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-ma-zome \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a thread-like body carrying the hereditary material and usually occurring in pairs in the nuclei of most cells. Greek \Ikhroma\j\b\i colour + \Isoma\j\b\i body
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\Hchronic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kron\j\b\inik \Padjective\p continuing or firmly established: 'he has \Ichronic\j\b\i bronchitis and must live in a warm climate'. \Bchronically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhronos\j\b\i time
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\Hchronicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kronn\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a history or record of events in the order in which they happened. \Bchronicle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bchronicler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhronika\j\b\i annals
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\Hchronological\h
\Isay\j\b\i kronna-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p arranged in the order of time. \Bchronologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hchronology\h
\Isay\j\b\i kr'\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a record of the particular order of events in time.
\CX12.\j\b\i the science of establishing and fixing historical dates.
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\Hchronometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i kr'\CX1nomm\j\b\ia-ta \Pnoun\p a specially designed clock used in navigation and other fields where precise measurement of time is required. \Bchronometric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kronno-\CX1mett\j\b\irik), \Bchronometrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bchronometry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kr'\CX1nomm\j\b\ia-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchrysalis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kriss\j\b\ia-lis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bchrysalises\j\b\i or \Bchrysalides\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kri\CX1sall\j\b\ia-deez)
also called a \Bchrysalid\j\b\i
the hard-shelled pupa of a butterfly or moth.
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\Hchrysanthemum\h
\Isay\j\b\i kriz-\CX1anth\j\b\ia-mum \Pnoun\p any of a large group of plants with large, showy and often brightly coloured flowers. Greek \Ikhrysos\j\b\i gold + \Ianthos\j\b\i flower
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\Hchubby\h
\Padjective\p plump and tubby.
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\Hchuck (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pat or tap lightly: 'the old lady \Ichucked\j\b\i the baby under the chin'.
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\Hchuck (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cut of beef between the neck and the shoulder-blade.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the part of a drill used to hold the bit. b) a similar part of a lathe used to hold the object being turned.
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\Hchuck (3)\h
\Pverb\p to cluck like a hen.
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\Hchuckle\h
\Pverb\p to laugh softly or to oneself. \Bchuckle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchuffed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) pleased or delighted.
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\Hchug\h
\Pverb\p (\Bchugged\j\b\i, \Bchugging\j\b\i)
a) to make a dull, short repeated sound: 'the engine \Ichugged\j\b\i as it climbed the hill'. b) to move while making this sound: 'a small boat \Ichugged\j\b\i into sight'. \Bchug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchukker\h
\Pnoun\p chukka any of the periods into which a polo match is divided.
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\Hchum\h
\Pnoun\p a close friend or companion. \Bchummy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very friendly.
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\Hchump\h
\Pnoun\p a silly or stupid person.
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\Hchump chop\h
a chop, usually lamb or pork, cut from the tail end of the loin.
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\Hchunder\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to vomit.
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\Hchunk\h
\Pnoun\p a thick or large uneven piece.
\Bchunky\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in a chunk or chunks.
\CX12.\j\b\i thickset or stocky.
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\Hchurch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a building for public worship and services. b) (\Icapital\j\b\i) the whole community of believers or any branch or denomination within it: 'the Presbyterian \IChurch\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to religious or ecclesiastical matters: 'a \Ichurch\j\b\i fund'. Greek \Ikyriakon\j\b\i (house) of the Lord (\Ikyrios\j\b\i)
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\HChurch of England\h
also called the \BAnglican Church\j\b\i
the national religion of England, with branches in other countries, which separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century, and which has both Catholic and Protestant characteristics.
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\Hchurchyard\h
\Pnoun\p the area next to a church, often used as a cemetery.
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\Hchuringa\h
\Pnoun\p a ceremonial amulet worn by Aboriginals. Aboriginal
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\Hchurlish\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i bad-tempered.
\CX12.\j\b\i rustic. \Bchurl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a bad-tempered person, b) a peasant; \Bchurlishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bchurlishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hchurn\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine for agitating cream until butter is produced.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large metal milk-can.
\Bchurn\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to stir or agitate violently, as when making butter.
\Bchurn out\j\b\i, 'this group has \Ichurned out\j\b\i a vast number of records in its short career' (= produced in a routine way).
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\Hchute\h
\Isay\j\b\i shoot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sloping passage or channel for carrying things to a lower level.
\CX12.\j\b\i a waterfall.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a parachute.
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\Hchutney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1chut\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p chutnee a highly seasoned, thick sauce made from mangoes and other fruit or vegetables. Hindi \Ichutni\j\b\i
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\Hchyle\h
\Isay\j\b\i kile \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a milky fluid containing emulsified fat and found in lymphatic vessels which drain the small intestine. \Bchylous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhylos\j\b\i juice
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\Hchyme\h
\Isay\j\b\i kime \Ior\j\b\i chime \Pnoun\p the pulpy mass of partly digested food which passes from the stomach to the duodenum. \Bchymous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikhymos\j\b\i juice
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\Hciao\h
\Isay\j\b\i chow interjection an expression used as a greeting or a farewell. Italian
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\Hcicada\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kay\j\b\ida \Ior\j\b\i se-\CX1kah\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p an insect with four wings and long piercing mouthparts. The males produce a very long, shrill noise by means of a pair of drum-like membranes on the sides of the body. Latin
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\Hcicatrice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sik\j\b\ika-treece \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcicatrix\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sik\j\b\ika-triks)
the tissue forming over a wound and later becoming a scar.
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\Hcider\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice.
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\Hcigar\h
\Pnoun\p a cylinder of rolled up tobacco leaves for smoking.
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\Hcigarette\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow cylinder of cut tobacco, rolled in thin paper for smoking. French, little cigar
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\Hcilia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p singular is \Bcilium\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the fine hair-like projections on the surface of certain cells. \Bciliary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to cilia; \Bciliate\j\b\i, \Bciliated\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, having cilia. Latin \Icilium\j\b\i eyelash
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\Hcinch\h
\Isay\j\b\i sinch \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a girth for a saddle.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal:\j\b\i) anything which is easy or certain.
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\Hcincture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sink\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a belt. Latin \Icinctus\j\b\i girded
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\Hcinder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p any burnt or partly burnt piece or particle.
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\Hcine-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\iee a prefix meaning motion, as in \Icinematography\j\b\i.
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\Hcinema\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\iima \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public theatre in which films are shown on a screen.
\CX12.\j\b\i the film industry. \Bcinematic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ikinema\j\b\i motion
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\Hcinematography\h
\Isay\j\b\i sinnima-\CX1tog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art or process of making films. \Bcinematographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sinni-matto-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcineraria\h
\Isay\j\b\i sinna-\CX1rair\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a garden plant with nearly circular leaves and clusters of brightly coloured, daisy-like flowers.
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\Hcinnamon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ia-m'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet spice made from the inner bark of some tropical trees, used in cooking and medicine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a yellowish or reddish-brown colour. \Bcinnamon\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcipher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-fir \Pnoun\p cypher \CX11.\j\b\i a) the figure 0, representing nought. b) any Arabic numeral.
\CX12.\j\b\i any method of secret writing, especially using codes or symbols.
\CX13.\j\b\i any person or thing having no importance or influence. \Bcipher\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to calculate or use figures. b) in cryptography, letter-for-letter substitution. Arabic \Isifr\j\b\i empty
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\Hcirca\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ika preposition about or approximately: 'he is believed to have died \Icirca\j\b\i 1874'. Latin
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\Hcircle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a closed, round plane figure formed by a moving point which is always the same distance from its centre.
\CX12.\j\b\i any object, arrangement, path, etc. in the shape of a circle or part of a circle: 'we sat in the dress \Icircle\j\b\i to watch the play'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a strange \Icircle\j\b\i of friends' (= group, range).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a line of latitude.
\Bcome full circle\j\b\i, to return to the original or first position.
\Bcircle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move in or form a circle: 'the plane \Icircled\j\b\i above the airport before landing'.
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\Hcirclet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\iklet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small circle or ring.
\CX12.\j\b\i a decorative band worn on the head, neck or arm.
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\Hcircuit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ikit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a circular line or path: 'he ran five \Icircuits\j\b\i of the track'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the play will be presented by all theatres in the \Icircuit\j\b\i' (= group, association).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i any electrical network having at least one closed path for the flow of current. A \Bprinted circuit\j\b\i is formed by printing or soldering the circuit onto a surface instead of using wires. Compare \Jintegrated circuit\j\b\i.
\Bclosed-circuit television\j\b\i, transmitted by wire to authorised receivers, e.g. as used to keep watch on shoplifting. \Bcircuitry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any system of electrical circuits.
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\Hcircuitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1kew\j\b\ia-tus \Padjective\p indirect or roundabout: 'the \Icircuitous\j\b\i reasoning made the argument difficult to follow'. \Bcircuitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcircuitousness\j\b\i, \Bcircuity\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Icircuitus\j\b\i a roundabout way
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\Hcircular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirk\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, forming or moving in a circle.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Icircular\j\b\i arguments made it difficult to reason with him' (= indirect, roundabout).
\CX12.\j\b\i intended for large numbers of people: 'a \Icircular\j\b\i letter'.
\Bcircular\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a notice or letter which is sent to several people. \Bcircularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sirk-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcircularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcircularise\j\b\i, \Bcircularize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcircular saw\h
a saw with a flat, rotating disc which has a toothed edge, usually powered by electricity. A \Bbuzz saw\j\b\i is a small circular saw.
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\Hcirculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ikew-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move in a circle or circuit.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pass from place to place: 'the rumour \Icirculated\j\b\i rapidly in the small town'. \Bcirculatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcirculation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of circulating: 'the \Icirculation\j\b\i of the news was banned by the government'. b) a circuit or circular movement: 'blood \Icirculation\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the number of copies of an issue of a newspaper or magazine which are distributed or sold.
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\Hcircum-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm a prefix meaning movement around or on all sides, as in \Icircumnavigate\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hcircumambient\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-\CX1am\j\b\ibi-ent \Padjective\p all around or surrounding.
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\Hcircumambulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-\CX1am\j\b\i-bewlate \Pverb\p to walk around.
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\Hcircumcise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-size \Pverb\p to remove the foreskin of the penis, often a religious rite, as in Islam and Judaism. \Bcircumcision\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or ceremony of circumcising. \Bcircum-\j\b\i + Latin \Icaedere\j\b\i to cut
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\Hcircumference\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1kum\j\b\i-fr'nce \Pnoun\p a) the outer line of a circle. b) the length of this line.
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\Hcircumflex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-fleks \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i.
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\Hcircumlocution\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-la-\CX1kew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) a roundabout or too lengthy way of speaking. b) anything said or written in this way. \Bcircumlocutory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-lok-\CX1yoo\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcircumnavigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-\CX1navv\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i to sail around something, especially the world. \Bcircumnavigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcircumnavigator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who circumnavigates.
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\Hcircumscribe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-skribe \Pverb\p to draw or form a line around, limit.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his powers are \Icircumscribed\j\b\i by the many rules and regulations' (= limited, defined). \Bcircumscription\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of circumscribing, b) anything which circumscribes, especially the circular inscription on a coin. \Bcircum-\j\b\i + Latin \Iscribere\j\b\i to write
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\Hcircumspect\h
\Padjective\p cautious and watchful. \Bcircumspectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcircumspection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icircumspectus\j\b\i a looking around
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\Hcircumstance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-stance \Pnoun\p a condition which accompanies or affects a particular event.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the doctor's early arrival was a lucky \Icircumstance\j\b\i' (= event, occurrence).
b) 'his financial \Icircumstances\j\b\i do not concern us' (= position, status).
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\Hcircumstantial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ik'm-\CX1stan\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i dealing with particular details or circumstances: 'a \Icircumstantial\j\b\i report'.
\CX12.\j\b\i secondary or not essential: 'the new law had many \Icircumstantial\j\b\i effects'.
\Bcircumstantial evidence\j\b\i, (\ILaw\j\b\i) any evidence which supplies reasonable but not definite grounds for believing in a fact. \Bcircumstantiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-stanshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcircumstantially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcircumstantiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-\CX1stan\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p to support or describe fully with details.
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\Hcircumvent\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk'm-\CX1vent\j\b\i \Pverb\p to avoid or find a way around: 'it was impossible to \Icircumvent\j\b\i the carefully worded rules'. \Bcircumvention\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcircum-\j\b\i + Latin \Iventus\j\b\i come
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\Hcircus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i'kus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a form of entertainment consisting of acrobats, clowns and trained animals, usually performed by a travelling group.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a place, formerly circular, where several streets converge: 'Piccadilly \ICircus\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAncient history:\j\b\i a circular place with seats on all sides, used for public sports, etc. in Rome. Latin, ring or circle
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\Hcirque\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirk \Pnoun\p a corrie.
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\Hcirrhosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a group of diseases of the liver, sometimes due to drinking large amounts of alcohol, in which fibrous tissue replaces normal liver cells resulting in a progressive loss of normal liver function.
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\Hcirrus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirr\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p a high feathery cloud. Latin, ringlet
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\Hcissy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1siss\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bsissy\j\b\i
(\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) an effeminate or cowardly person, especially a child.
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\Hcistern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sis\j\b\it'n \Pnoun\p a vessel or place where liquid is stored, such as a raised tank which supplies the liquid to a lower level.
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\Hcitadel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sitt\j\b\ia-del \Pnoun\p a fortress protecting or overlooking a city. Italian \Icittadella\j\b\i little city
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\Hcite\h
\Isay\j\b\i site \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to quote or refer to: 'the lecturer \Icited\j\b\i several authorities to demonstrate his theory'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young soldier was \Icited\j\b\i in several despatches' (= commended for bravery).
\CX12.\j\b\i to summon or call, especially to appear in a court of law. \Bcitation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcitatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icitare\j\b\i to call to witness
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\Hcitizen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sitt\j\b\ii-z'n \Pnoun\p a person belonging to or living in a city or country, usually with certain rights and duties. \Bcitizenship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the status or rights of a citizen; \Bcitizenry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any or all citizens.
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\Hcitric acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sit\j\b\irik assid an organic acid present in large quantities in lemons but found in most living cells.
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\Hcitron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sit\j\b\i-r'n \Pnoun\p a pale yellow, citrus fruit resembling a lemon but larger and with a thicker skin.
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\Hcitrus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sit\j\b\i-rus \Pnoun\p any of a group of evergreen trees and shrubs including the lemon, orange, etc. \Bcitrus\j\b\i, \Bcitrous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hcity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any large or important town, often the centre of a region. b) its inhabitants.
\CX12.\j\b\i a division of a large built-up area for local government purposes.
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\Hcity hall\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a town hall.
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\Hcivet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1siv\j\b\ivit \Pnoun\p a musk-smelling substance obtained from glands of the civet cat and used in perfume.
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\Hcivet cat\h
any of various small, spotted African or Asian mammals of the cat family, having a strong musky smell.
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\Hcivic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1siv\j\b\i-ik \Padjective\p of or relating to a city or citizens.
\Bcivics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of cities, their government and people. Latin \Icivis\j\b\i citizen
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\Hcivil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sivv\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to citizens or citizenship: '\Icivil\j\b\i law'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to private citizens and community life as distinct from military or religious matters: 'a \Icivil\j\b\i marriage'.
\CX13.\j\b\i polite: 'although she was extremely angry she gave a \Icivil\j\b\i reply'. \Bcivilly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcivility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a politeness or polite expression.
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\Hcivil disobedience\h
the refusal to obey certain laws, such as refusing to pay taxes, as a non-violent means of forcing concessions from a government.
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\Hcivil engineering\h
the design and construction of public works such as bridges, large buildings, roads, etc.
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\Hcivilian\h
\Isay\j\b\i si\CX1vil\j\b\i-yen \Pnoun\p a person who is not a member of the armed forces.
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\Hcivilisation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sivvi-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p civilization \CX11.\j\b\i a) a society of any period or place, unified by language and having distinctive legal systems, customs, art styles and governing powers. b) the process in a society which brings about such a unity.
\CX12.\j\b\i an advanced stage of society and culture, embodied in a high level of art, science and government: 'China achieved \Icivilisation\j\b\i thousands of years ago'. \Bcivilise\j\b\i, \Bcivilize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to refine or educate.
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\Hcivil liberty\h
freedom from arbitrary rule or from unwarranted restrictions on the individual's rights as a citizen.
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\Hcivil rights\h
the natural rights of a citizen or individual in society, often established in the country's constitution.
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\Hcivil service\h
the public service.
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\Hcivil war\h
any war between people of the same country.
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\Hclack\h
\Pverb\p to make a sharp, harsh, metallic sound: 'the typists \Iclacked\j\b\i away on their machines'. \Bclack\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclad\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bclothe\j\b\i.
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\Hcladding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a protective layer of one material over another.
\CX12.\j\b\i the exterior covering of a building.
\CX13.\j\b\i the insulation around a nuclear reactor.
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\Hclag\h
\Pnoun\p a thick white glue used in schools and offices. a trademark
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\Hclaim\h
\Pverb\p to demand or state as a right.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Iclaims\j\b\i that he saw a ghost' (= says).
b) 'have you \Iclaimed\j\b\i on your car accident?' (= demanded insurance payment).
c) 'new problems are continually \Iclaiming\j\b\i his attention' (= requiring).
\Bclaim\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the assertion of a right. b) a right or fact which is asserted: 'he has no \Iclaim\j\b\i to fame'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is claimed, such as a piece of land for mining rights. \Bclaimer\j\b\i, \Bclaimant\j\b\i (Law), \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who makes a claim.
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\Hclairvoyance\h
\Isay\j\b\i klair-\CX1voy\j\b\i-ance \Pnoun\p also called \Bsecond sight\j\b\i
the apparent ability to perceive objects or events which are outside the range of the senses. \Bclairvoyant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Iclair\j\b\i clear + \Ivoyant\j\b\i seeing
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\Hclam\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of bivalve molluscs, most of which are edible.
\Bclam up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to remain silent; b) to stop talking.
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\Hclamber\h
\Pverb\p to climb with effort or difficulty, especially using both hands and feet. \Bclamber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclammy\h
\Padjective\p cold and damp.
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\Hclamour\h
\Pnoun\p clamor a loud noise or outcry, especially of dissatisfaction or protest: 'there is a general \Iclamour\j\b\i for improved education'. \Bclamour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bclamorous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hclamp\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices for pressing, holding or fastening things together, usually with adjustable ends connected by a screw.
\Bclamp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fasten with or fix in a clamp.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a hand was \Iclamped\j\b\i over his mouth' (= pressed firmly).
\Bclamp down\j\b\i, 'the government is \Iclamping down\j\b\i on the use of drugs' (= restricting, becoming more strict).
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\Hclan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnthropology:\j\b\i a social group descended in either the male or female line from a real or supposed common ancestor.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large family or group of related families.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the whole \Iclan\j\b\i from school came to the airport' (= clique, set). \Bclansman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bclannish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or characteristic of a clan, b) tending to be exclusive or secretive; \Bclannishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bclannishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclandestine\h
\Isay\j\b\i klan-\CX1des\j\b\itin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1klan\j\b\ida-stine \Padjective\p surreptitious or secretive, especially to deceive or conceal. \Bclandestinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclang\h
\Pverb\p to make a loud, resonant, metallic sound: 'the cell door \Iclanged\j\b\i shut'. \Bclang\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclanger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid or embarrassing remark, mistake, etc.
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\Hclank\h
\Pverb\p to make a hard, dull, metallic sound: 'the chains \Iclanked\j\b\i as the drawbridge fell open'. \Bclank\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclap (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bclapped\j\b\i, \Bclapping\j\b\i)
to strike the hands together with a sharp sound.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a large hand \Iclapped\j\b\i him on the shoulder' (= slapped, grasped).
b) 'he was \Iclapped\j\b\i into gaol without a trial' (= put promptly).
\Bclap eyes on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to catch sight of.
\Bclap\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or sound of clapping, especially as an expression of approval, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iclap\j\b\i of thunder frightened the horse' (= loud, sudden noise). \Bclapper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that claps, such as the tongue of a bell.
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\Hclap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any venereal disease, especially gonorrhoea.
\Pnoun\p \IFilms:\j\b\i a jointed board bearing a number, clapped and photographed at the beginning of each shot to aid in identification and in synchronising sound with vision.
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\Hclaptrap\h
\Pnoun\p any pretentious or insincere language.
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\Hclaret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klarr\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dry red wine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep purplish-red colour. \Bclaret\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make clear: 'can you \Iclarify\j\b\i the problem for me?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove impurities by heating, straining and allowing to cool: 'to \Iclarify\j\b\i fat'. \Bclarification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclarinet\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a wind instrument with a straight tube equipped with fingerholes, and keys, and a single-reed mouthpiece. \Bclarinettist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the clarinet.
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\Hclarion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klarr\j\b\iion \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a medieval trumpet with a shrill, clear tone.
\Pverb\p to collide or hit with a loud, harsh sound: 'the cymbals \Iclashed\j\b\i dramatically'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our tastes in most things \Iclash\j\b\i dreadfully' (= disagree, conflict).
b) 'my French and Biology classes \Iclash\j\b\i on Monday mornings' (= coincide). \Bclash\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of clashing.
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\Hclasp\h
\Isay\j\b\i klahsp \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various devices with a catch, used to fasten or join two things together.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hold or grasp: 'a firm \Iclasp\j\b\i of the hand'.
\Bclasp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with a clasp.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hold or grasp tightly.
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\Hclaspknife\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpocket-knife\j\b\i.
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\Hclass\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any number of people or things seen as a division or group, based on type, quality, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISociology:\j\b\i See \Jsocial class\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a) a group of students taught together. b) the meeting of students for a lesson: 'I'm late for my history \Iclass\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the group below phylum used in the classification of animals and plants. \CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a high quality in manner, dress, etc.: 'that girl certainly has \Iclass\j\b\i'. \Bclass\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to arrange or rate according to type, quality, etc.
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\Hclassic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of the highest class or quality: 'a \Iclassic\j\b\i novel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i serving as a model or guide: 'here is a \Iclassic\j\b\i example of bad architecture'.
\CX13.\j\b\i classical.
\Bclassic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing considered to be of the highest standard or quality: 'this novel is a \Iclassic\j\b\i of the 18th century'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the literature of ancient Greece and Rome. b) the study of this literature.
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\Hclassical\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of the art, literature or civilisation of ancient Greece and Rome.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of music) having a serious artistic intent and usually taking the form of a symphony, concerto, etc. \Bclassically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclassicism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klass\j\b\ii-sizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i (often capital) an emphasis on the purity of form and a control of emotion derived from the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) a scholarly knowledge of classical culture, especially literature. \Bclassicist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclassification\h
\Isay\j\b\i klassifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of classifying. b) a class or division.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the ordering of animals and plants, based on similarities, into a series of groups which indicate evolutionary relationships. \Bclassificatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hclassified advertisement\h
a small advertisement printed in a magazine or newspaper under particular headings.
\CX12.\j\b\i to declare that a government or military document must be kept secret.
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\Hclassy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klah\j\b\i-see \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) elegant or stylish.
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\Hclatter\h
\Pverb\p to make harsh, rapid rattling sounds: 'the plates \Iclattered\j\b\i against each other'. \Bclatter\j\b\i,
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\Hclause\h
\Isay\j\b\i klawz \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a group of words containing a \Pverb\p, forming part of a complex sentence and usually having the function of a \Pnoun\p, \Padjective\p or \Padverb\p. \IExample:\j\b\i the girl, \Iwho was called Claudine\j\b\i, was born in France.
\CX12.\j\b\i a separate article or section of a document, etc.
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\Hclaustrophobia\h
\Pnoun\p an abnormal fear of being enclosed or shut in. \Bclaustrophobic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iclaustrum\j\b\i enclosure + \Bphobia\j\b\i
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\Hclavichord\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klavv\j\b\ii-kord \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the earliest type of keyboard instrument with a soft tone in which the strings are hit by metal blades attached to the keys.
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\Hclavicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klavv\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p also called the \Bcollarbone\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two long, slender bones joining the chest to the shoulder. \Bclavicular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kla-\CX1vik\j\b\i-yoola), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hclavier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klav\j\b\iee-er \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i any keyboard instrument played by blades or hammers hitting strings, such as a piano or clavichord.
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\Hclaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hard, sharp, usually curved nail on the end of the limb of an animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i the jointed grasping part of a crab, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any similar part or object, such as the divided head of a hammer. \Bclaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to scratch, tear or pull with or as if with the claws.
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\Hclaw hammer\h
See \Jhammer\j\b\i.
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\Hclay\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of common, earthy minerals, mainly hydrated aluminium silicates, which are plastic when wet and hard when baked, used for making bricks, pottery, etc.
\Bfeet of clay\j\b\i, 'so your hero has \Ifeet of clay\j\b\i' (= faults you were unaware of).
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\Hclaymore\h
\Pnoun\p a large broadsword formerly used by Scottish Highlanders.
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\Hclaypan\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a hole or hollow in clay soil which catches rainwater.
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\Hclay pigeon\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a disc, usually made of baked clay, which is hurled into the air as a target for shot-gun practice.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is set up by another or others as a target.
#
\HClayton's\h
\Padjective\p often affixed to a \Pnoun\p to indicate something which merely pretends to be, or imitates, the real thing. a brand of non-alcoholic beverage, marketed as 'the drink you have when you're not having a drink'.
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\Hclean\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free from dirt, foreign matter or defects: 'are your hands quite \Iclean\j\b\i?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'give me a \Iclean\j\b\i sheet of paper' (= new).
b) 'this new car has a \Iclean\j\b\i, streamlined body' (= neat, simple).
c) 'a \Iclean\j\b\i joke' (= not obscene).
d) 'the athlete made a \Iclean\j\b\i leap over the bar' (= skilful, clear).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i free of radioactivity.
\Bclean\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make clean.
\Bclean up\j\b\i, a) 'please \Iclean up\j\b\i your room' (= tidy); b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Icleaned up\j\b\i at the casino' (= made a lot of money).
\Bclean\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
cleanly or completely.
\Bcome clean\j\b\i, to make a full confession. \Bcleanness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcleaner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that cleans; \Bcleanly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hclean-bowl\h
\Pverb\p \ICricket:\j\b\i to dismiss a batsman by bowling a ball which passes him or her, hits the stumps and dislodges the bails.
#
\Hcleaners\h
plural \Pnoun\p short form of \Bdry-cleaners\j\b\i
'my coat is at the \Icleaners\j\b\i'.
\Btaken to the cleaners\j\b\i, 'the plumber \Itook\j\b\i me \Ito the cleaners\j\b\i with the bill' (= over-charged).
#
\Hcleanliness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klenn\j\b\ili-ness \Pnoun\p the state or habit of being clean and neat. \Bcleanly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hcleanse\h
\Isay\j\b\i klenz \Pverb\p to make thoroughly clean or pure.
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\Hclear\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i transparent or free from darkness, cloudiness, etc.: '\Iclear\j\b\i water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i distinct or plain: 'he left \Iclear\j\b\i instructions on how to work the machine'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'is the alpine road \Iclear\j\b\i yet?' (= open, free of obstruction).
b) 'he was declared \Iclear\j\b\i of all blame' (= free).
c) 'are you quite \Iclear\j\b\i about what you have to do?' (= certain).
d) 'it was a \Iclear\j\b\i victory for the champion' (= unqualified, absolute).
e) 'she now earns a \Iclear\j\b\i $39 000' (= net).
\Bclear\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become clear or clearer:
'the sky \Icleared\j\b\i and the sun shone brightly'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the athlete \Icleared\j\b\i the high jump bar' (= passed over without touching).
b) 'you'll have to be \Icleared\j\b\i through customs' (= checked and allowed to pass).
c) 'Mira used the inheritance to \Iclear\j\b\i her debts' (= pay off).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bclear out\j\b\i, to go away.
\Bclear the air\j\b\i, to remove emotional differences or tension.
\Bclear up\j\b\i, a) 'it \Icleared up\j\b\i after lunch so play continued' (= became fine and sunny again); b) 'can you \Iclear up\j\b\i this mystery?' (= solve, make clear); c) 'please \Iclear up\j\b\i this mess before you leave' (= tidy up).
\Bclear\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bin the clear\j\b\i, free from guilt or blame. \Bclear\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, distinctly or completely; \Bclearly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without doubt; \Bclearness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hclearance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a clear space or distance, especially for movement within, beneath, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a clearing away: 'slum \Iclearance\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a formal or official permission to leave, enter or proceed: 'the journalist was given \Iclearance\j\b\i to enter the naval base'.
#
\Hclear-cut\h
\Padjective\p distinctly defined.
#
\Hclearing\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of land cleared of trees, within a forest area.
#
\Hclearing house\h
\Pnoun\p an institution which settles debts and other transactions, e.g. between banks.
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\Hclearly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jclear\j\b\i.
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\Hclearway\h
\Pnoun\p a road along which vehicles are not allowed to park.
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\Hcleat\h
\Isay\j\b\i kleet \Pnoun\p a) a piece of metal or wood, with horn-shaped projections, around which a rope may be tied. b) a piece of metal or wood fixed across a surface to give it strength. c) a metal or rubber fitting for boot soles, to prevent slipping.
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\Hcleavage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klee\j\b\ivij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of cleaving or dividing, such as the splitting of a crystal along planes within it. b) a division or split made by cleaving. Also called a \Bcleft\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the separation between a woman's breasts.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the division of zygote cells into many smaller cells.
#
\Hcleave (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcleaved\j\b\i, \Bcleaving\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to hold fast or cling to.
#
\Hcleave (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcleft\j\b\i, \Bcleaved\j\b\i or \Bclove\j\b\i; \Bcleft\j\b\i, \Bcleaved\j\b\i or \Bcloven\j\b\i; \Bcleaving\j\b\i)
to split or separate, especially by cutting.
\Bcleaver\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a heavy chopper used to divide large sections of meat, etc.
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\Hclef\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a sign on the staff which indicates the name and pitch of the notes which follow it. The \Btreble clef\j\b\i is on the second line and indicates that the note G is on this line. The \Bbass clef\j\b\i is on the fourth line and indicates that the note F is on this line. French, key
#
\Hcleft (1)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcleavage\j\b\i.
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\Hcleft (2)\h
\Padjective\p split or divided.
\Bcleft\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcleave (2)\j\b\i.
#
\Hcleft palate\h
a defect where a child is born with a longitudinal slit along the roof of the mouth.
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\Hclematis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klemm\j\b\ia-tis \Ior\j\b\i klem-\CX1ay\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p any of a group of climbing plants.
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\Hclemency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klemm\j\b\i'n-see \Pnoun\p a mercy or kindness: 'the judge showed great \Iclemency\j\b\i towards the thief'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iclemency\j\b\i of the weather made their holiday very enjoyable' (= pleasantness, mildness). \Bclement\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bclemently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hclench\h
\Pverb\p to close or clasp tightly: 'he \Iclenched\j\b\i his teeth in pain'. \Bclench\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclerestory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kleer\j\b\i-story \Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i the part of the wall of a church nave which is above the aisle roof and is furnished with windows.
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\Hclergy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kler\j\b\ijee \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i all those who are trained and ordained as priests or ministers. \Bclergyman\j\b\i, \Bclergywoman\j\b\i, \Bcleric\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a member of the clergy.
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\Hclerical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klerr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to clerks or office workers: 'where are the advertisements for \Iclerical\j\b\i jobs?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the clergy. \Bclerically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclerk\h
\Isay\j\b\i klark \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person employed to keep records of accounts or to deal with correspondence.
\CX12.\j\b\i a business or sales assistant.
#
\Hclever\h
\Padjective\p a) quick or intelligent: 'a \Iclever\j\b\i solution to the problem'. b) skilful: 'his \Iclever\j\b\i hands repaired the clock'. \Bcleverly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcleverness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ISailing:\j\b\i the outer, lower corner of a sail.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ball of thread.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the cords by which a hammock is hung.
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\HclichΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klee\j\b\i-shay \Pnoun\p an idea or saying which is considered to be overused or trite. \BclichΘ\j\b\i has come into English from the French \Pverb\p \Iclicher\j\b\i (to stereotype), a reference to a method of making printing plates from a mould. Print that was \IclichΘ\j\b\i had been repeated over and over again in identical form from a single printing plate. In the same way a \IclichΘ\j\b\i in the language is a word or phrase that is repeated again and again. People use \IclichΘs\j\b\i without realising it and they are heard everywhere, particularly in public speeches, e.g. 'at this moment in time', 'unaccustomed as I am to public speaking' and 'ongoing situation'.
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\Hclick\h
\Pnoun\p a short, sharp, snapping sound: 'the \Iclick\j\b\i of a key in the lock'.
\Bclick\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a click or clicks: 'the door \Iclicked\j\b\i shut behind them'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be a success: 'the play really \Iclicked\j\b\i with the public'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the message finally \Iclicked\j\b\i and we knew what to do' (= was understood).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to press the mouse or trackball button.
\Bdouble click\j\b\i, \IComputers:\j\b\i to click the mouse or trackball button twice in quick succession, without moving the mouse or trackball, to open a document or activate an application feature.
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\Hclient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klie\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who employs the help or services of a professional person or institution: 'most of the solicitor's \Iclients\j\b\i are sent by an advisory service'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a local area network - LAN) a computer which shares access to the networked resources of another computer. Compare \Jserver\j\b\i.
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\Hclientele\h
\Isay\j\b\i klee-on-\CX1tel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p all the clients of a particular person or institution.
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\Hcliff\h
\Pnoun\p a very steep, almost vertical slope, usually of rock.
\Bcliff-hanger\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which is full of suspense or uncertainty, often melodramatic: 'his first novel was a \Icliff-hanger\j\b\i'.
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\Hclimacteric\h
\Isay\j\b\i klie-\CX1mak\j\b\ita-rik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any very important or crucial time, especially in a person's life.
\CX12.\j\b\i menopause.
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\Hclimactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i klie-\CX1mak\j\b\itik \Padjective\p of or being a climax: 'there have been some \Iclimactic\j\b\i changes'.
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\Hclimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klie\j\b\i-mit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the weather conditions of a place or region during a year.
\CX12.\j\b\i the general attitudes or feelings of a group of people: 'the \Iclimate\j\b\i of opinion is against the government'. \Bclimatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i klie-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bclimatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclimax\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klie\j\b\i-maks \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the highest or most exciting point of anything: 'the play reached its \Iclimax\j\b\i in the second act'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a stable plant community which is in balance with everything around it and can reproduce itself. \Bclimax\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iklimax\j\b\i a ladder or staircase
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\Hclimb\h
\Isay\j\b\i klime \Pverb\p to move or go upwards: 'the plane \Iclimbed\j\b\i above the clouds'.
\Bclimb down\j\b\i, a) to go down or descend, especially with effort; b) 'the government has \Iclimbed down\j\b\i over its new taxation measures' (= withdrawn, retracted). \Bclimb\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of climbing, b) a place or height to be climbed; \Bclimber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who climbs or attempts to climb, b) a plant which grows by attaching itself to a support.
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\Hclime\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a region.
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\Hclinch\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make something secure: 'the signing of this document will \Iclinch\j\b\i the deal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBoxing:\j\b\i to hug an opponent in order to prevent blows being struck.
\CX13.\j\b\i to fasten with a knot similar to a half-hitch. \Bclinch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) anything which clinches or is clinched, b) (informal) an embrace; \Bclincher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is decisive.
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\Hcling\h
\Pverb\p (\Bclung\j\b\i, \Bclinging\j\b\i)
to be attached or remain close to: 'the child \Iclung\j\b\i to its mother'.
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\Hclinic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a specialised section of a hospital, usually treating out-patients. b) any medical centre, especially one giving special treatment, such as X-rays, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a class of students, especially medical students, taught through actual observation of treatments, etc. Greek \Iklinikos\j\b\i of a bed
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\Hclinical\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a clinic.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to the treatment or management of disease in a patient. A \Bclinical diagnosis\j\b\i is based on observed symptoms.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has developed a \Iclinical\j\b\i attitude towards death' (= scientific, unemotional). \Bclinically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hclinical psychology\h
See \Jpsychology\j\b\i.
#
\Hclink (1)\h
\Pverb\p to make a light, ringing or metallic sound: 'his fork \Iclinked\j\b\i against the glass dish'. \Bclink\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclink (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a gaol. from the name of a prison in \IClink Street\j\b\i, Southwark, London
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\Hclinker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a special type of brick with a cinder finish.
\CX12.\j\b\i slag or the glassy residue from a coal fire.
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\Hclip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bclipped\j\b\i, \Bclipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut or trim with or as if with scissors, etc.: 'the hedge was \Iclipped\j\b\i in the shape of a camel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hit sharply or quickly: 'the car \Iclipped\j\b\i the edge of the fence'.
\Bclip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of clipping. b) something which is clipped or cut, especially all the wool shorn from sheep at one time, or the total wool shorn in a season.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short, sharp blow: 'a \Iclip\j\b\i over the ear'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short extract from a film or video.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) rate: 'he completed the lap at a fast \Iclip\j\b\i'.
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\Hclip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) any device for holding or gripping: 'a \Ipaperclip\j\b\i'. b) a metal container for the cartridges of a gun. \Bclip\j\b\i (\Bclipped\j\b\i, \Bclipping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to fasten with a clip.
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\Hclip art\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i (of software) pictorial images which have been recorded on disk and which can be imported into documents to decorate, complement or clarify written text.
#
\Hclipboard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a board with a clip for holding papers.
\B2.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a special memory resource in some computer operating systems which allows users to temporarily store and reuse edited material while working with various programs.
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\Hclipper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any of various devices for clipping or cutting: 'nail \Iclippers\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fast, square-rigged sailing ship of the 19th century with tall masts and overhanging bows.
#
\Hclipping\h
\Pnoun\p anything which has been clipped off or cut out: 'a newspaper \Iclipping\j\b\i'.
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\Hclique\h
\Isay\j\b\i kleek \Pnoun\p a small group of people which snobbishly excludes others. \Bcliquy\j\b\i, \Bcliquey\j\b\i, \Bcliquish\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hclitoris\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klitt\j\b\ia-ris \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small organ in the upper part of the female vulva, containing erectile tissue and corresponding to the penis in males.
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\Hcloaca\h
\Isay\j\b\i klo-\CX1ay\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcloacae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i klo-\CX1ay\j\b\i-kee)
\IBiology:\j\b\i a cavity in birds, reptiles etc., into which the rectum and urinogenital ducts open. \Bcloacal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, a sewer
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\Hcloak\h
\Pnoun\p a long, loose piece of clothing without sleeves, usually fastened at the neck and worn over clothes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the soldiers marched under the \Icloak\j\b\i of darkness' (= cover, disguise).
\Bcloakroom\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a room for leaving coats, etc., sometimes with a basin or toilet. \Bcloak\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or as if with a cloak.
#
\Hcloak-and-dagger\h
\Padjective\p melodramatic and full of espionage, intrigue, secrecy, etc.
#
\Hclobber\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit or strike heavily.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that last question really \Iclobbered\j\b\i him!' (= defeated utterly).
#
\Hcloche\h
\Isay\j\b\i klosh \Pnoun\p a woman's small, close-fitting, round hat. French, bell
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\Hclock\h
\Pnoun\p a mechanical or electrical device for measuring and showing time, not intended to be worn or carried on the person. Compare \Jwatch\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bagainst the clock\j\b\i, in a race to finish before a certain time.
\Baround the clock\j\b\i, all day and all night.
\Bclock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to test or measure the time of: 'his run was \Iclocked\j\b\i at 13.56 seconds'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bclock in\j\b\i, to register one's time of arrival.
\Bclock out\j\b\i, to register one's time of departure.
#
\Hclockwise\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p in the same direction as the moving hands of a clock.
#
\Hclockwork\h
\Pnoun\p \Blike clockwork\j\b\i, 'the plan went \Ilike clockwork\j\b\i' (= smoothly, perfectly).
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\Hclod\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a lump or mass, especially of earth or clay.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
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\Hclodhopper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bumpkin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large heavy shoe.
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\Hclog\h
\Pnoun\p a backless shoe with a thick sole which is usually made of wood or cork.
\Bclog\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bclogged\j\b\i, \Bclogging\j\b\i)
to block or become blocked: 'the sink is \Iclogged\j\b\i with dirt'.
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\Hcloister\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kloy\j\b\ista \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a monastery or convent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a roofed path joined to a church or other building and usually situated around an open courtyard.
\Bcloistered\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i secluded or sheltered: 'a \Icloistered\j\b\i life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a cloister or covered path, as a church. \Bcloister\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hclone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the descendants of a single cell which has divided asexually. b) a group of plants grown from parts of a single plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a duplicate or imitation, particularly of appearance. \Bclone\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclop\h
\Pnoun\p the light drumming sound made by a horse's hoofs on a hard surface. \Bclop\j\b\i (\Bclopped\j\b\i, \Bclopping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclose\h
\Isay\j\b\i kloze \Pverb\p to shut or stop: a) 'please \Iclose\j\b\i the door'; b) 'we will \Iclose\j\b\i the meeting now'.
\Bclose in\j\b\i, 'the police \Iclosed in\j\b\i on the demonstrators' (= approached and surrounded).
\CX11.\j\b\i near: 'don't go too \Iclose\j\b\i to the edge'.
\CX12.\j\b\i detailed or precise: 'pay \Iclose\j\b\i attention to this advice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i strongly united: 'a \Iclose\j\b\i group of friends'.
\CX14.\j\b\i restricted: 'the \Iclose\j\b\i season for duck shooting'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the air in here is very \Iclose\j\b\i' (= limited, oppressive).
b) 'please keep the story \Iclose\j\b\i as I have not told my parents yet' (= secret).
c) 'it was a very \Iclose\j\b\i competition' (= nearly equal).
\Bclose call\j\b\i, \Bclose shave\j\b\i, a narrow escape.
\Bclose\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kloze) an end or conclusion: 'at the \Iclose\j\b\i of the day'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kloze) a cadence.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i klose) a road closed at one end.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i klose) the land around a cathedral or other building. \Bclosely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcloseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iclausus\j\b\i shut
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\Hclosed book\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a matter about which one knows very little. b) a matter which is completely finished.
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\Hclosed-circuit television\h
a system which transmits images by wires, not radiowaves, to designated screens.
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\Hclosedown\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jshutdown\j\b\i.
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\Hclosed shop\h
a business or industry whose workers must belong to a trade union. Compare \Jopen shop\j\b\i.
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\Hclose-fisted\h
\Padjective\p mean or miserly.
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\Hcloset\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klozz\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a room or cupboard for storing clothing, etc.
\Bcloset\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be shut up in a private room for discussion, etc.: 'the staff have been \Icloseted\j\b\i away since lunch'.
#
\Hclose-up\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klose\j\b\i-up \Pnoun\p a close view of anything, especially a photograph taken at close range.
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\Hclosure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of closing: 'the \Iclosure\j\b\i of the mines was due to falling rock'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i the stopping of a debate, after which a vote is taken to decide the issue. \Bclosure\j\b\i (Parliament), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mass or lump.
a \Bblood clot\j\b\i is a half-solid lump of altered elements of blood.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person: 'what a \Iclot\j\b\i you are to believe that story'.
\Bclot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Bclotted\j\b\i, \Bclotting\j\b\i)
to form into clots: '\Iclotted\j\b\i cream'.
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\Hcloth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any fabric, usually made by weaving wool, cotton or other yarn and used to make clothes, curtains, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of cloth used for a particular purpose: 'a \Itablecloth\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the profession of the clergy.
#
\Hclothe\h
\Isay\j\b\i klo\Ith\j\b\ie \Pverb\p (\Bclothed\j\b\i or \Bclad\j\b\i, \Bclothing\j\b\i)
to dress or provide with clothes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the city streets were \Iclothed\j\b\i in mist' (= covered, surrounded).
#
\Hclothes\h
plural \Pnoun\p all the items worn to cover the body.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iclothing\j\b\i of darkness' (= covering).
#
\Hcloud\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dense mass of suspended water drops or ice crystals formed in the air by the condensation of water-vapour.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar dark or moving mass: 'a \Icloud\j\b\i of smoke'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcloud-nine\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exalted state.
\Bin the clouds\j\b\i, dream-like or not paying attention.
\Bunder a cloud\j\b\i, under suspicion.
\Bcloud\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become covered or shadowed with, or as if with clouds: 'his eyes \Iclouded\j\b\i with tears'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her illness \Iclouded\j\b\i the house' (= made gloomy). \Bcloudy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of clouds, b) opaque or indistinct.
#
\Hcloudburst\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden fall of very heavy rain.
#
\Hcloud chamber\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i an apparatus consisting of a closed chamber containing saturated water-vapour, which indicates the presence of fast, charged particles, e.g. electrons, by producing rows of water droplets.
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\Hclout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a blow or knock, especially with the hand: 'he received a heavy \Iclout\j\b\i on the head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i impact, influence or effectiveness, especially in politics: 'the Prime Minister should have plenty of \Iclout\j\b\i'. \Bclout\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a blow or knock.
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\Hclout nail\h
a short nail with a large head, used to fasten pliable or brittle materials, such as galvanised iron.
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\Hclove (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet, hot spice made from the dried flower bud of a tropical tree. because of shape from French \Iclou\j\b\i nail
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\Hclove (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of the small, rounded, separate sections of a bulb: 'a \Iclove\j\b\i of garlic'.
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\Hclove (3)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bcleave (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hcloven\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcleave (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hcloven-hoofed\h
\Padjective\p cloven-footed \CX11.\j\b\i having divided hoofs, as a cow.
\CX12.\j\b\i devilish or evil: 'a \Icloven-hoofed\j\b\i nature'.
#
\Hclover\h
\Pnoun\p a fodder plant, usually with three leaves on each stalk, grown as food for cattle and sheep and also to add nitrogen to the soil.
\Bin clover\j\b\i, in great comfort or luxury.
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\Hcloverleaf\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the leaf of a clover.
\CX12.\j\b\i a major road junction with a pattern of ramps, underpasses, etc. resembling a four-leaved clover.
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\Hclown\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a comic actor in a circus or pantomime.
\CX12.\j\b\i any funny or clumsy person. \Bclown\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to perform as or like a clown; \Bclownery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bclownish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcloy\h
\Pverb\p to make sick or weary with too much of something: 'her enjoyment of films was \Icloyed\j\b\i after four weeks at the film festival'.
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\Hclub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy stick, usually thicker at one end.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stick with a shaped wooden or metal head, used in golf.
\CX13.\j\b\i an organised group of people, sharing similar beliefs or interests and having regular meetings: 'a chess \Iclub\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a social meeting-place for its members, often with a bar, restaurant, sleeping accommodation and facilities for sports or games.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) a black figure like a cloverleaf on a playing card. b) a playing card with this figure. c) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the suit with this figure.
\Bclub\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bclubbed\j\b\i, \Bclubbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to hit with, or as if with, a club.
\CX12.\j\b\i to join together for a particular purpose: 'we all \Iclubbed\j\b\i together to buy a boat'. \Bclubhouse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the buildings used by members of a club or association.
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\Hclub foot\h
a deformed foot, usually with the sole turning inwards and the heel raised. \Bclub-footed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcluck\h
\Pverb\p to make a short cry like a brooding hen: 'father \Iclucked\j\b\i his disapproval'. \Bcluck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclue\h
\Isay\j\b\i kloo \Pnoun\p anything which gives a guide to the solution of a problem, mystery, question, etc.: 'the police have found no \Iclue\j\b\i to the identity of the thief'.
\Bcluey\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) clever or shrewd.
\Bclueless\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) stupid.
#
\Hclump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cluster or mass of things together: 'a \Iclump\j\b\i of rose bushes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a heavy, dull noise or tread. \Bclump\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclumsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klum\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p ungraceful, heavy or awkward: a) 'the \Iclumsy\j\b\i workman dropped a load of cement'; b) 'her apology was rather \Iclumsy\j\b\i'. \Bclumsiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hclung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcling\j\b\i.
#
\Hcluster\h
\Pnoun\p a number of things growing, grouped or moving together: 'the guests stood in \Iclusters\j\b\i at the gate'. \Bcluster\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hclutch (1)\h
\Pverb\p to seize and hold tightly: 'the rider \Iclutched\j\b\i the saddle for support'.
\Bclutch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of clutching.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any control or power: 'in the \Iclutches\j\b\i of a fever'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device by which working parts of a machine may be easily engaged or disengaged while the machine is operating.
#
\Hclutch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a number of things produced at one time, especially a hatch of eggs or chickens.
#
\Hclutter\h
\Pverb\p to make untidy or confused: 'the room was \Icluttered\j\b\i with old newspapers'. \Bclutter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hco-\h
a prefix meaning together or associated, as in \Icooperate\j\b\i. Latin
#
\Hcoach\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, enclosed vehicle, such as a bus or railway carriage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person employed to teach, train or prepare people for a particular purpose. \Bcoach\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to train or prepare.
#
\Hcoagulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1ag\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p to change from a liquid into a solid, thickened state, such as a clot.
\Bcoagulant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a substance which causes a liquid to coagulate. \Bcoagulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcoal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a black or dark brown burnable substance composed of layered deposits of carbon-bearing material derived from vegetable matter.
\CX12.\j\b\i a glowing or charred fragment of wood or other fuel: 'rake over the \Icoals\j\b\i to stir up the fire'.
\Bhaul over the coals\j\b\i, to scold.
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\Hcoalesce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-a-\CX1less\j\b\i \Pverb\p to join, grow or come together. \Bcoalescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcoalface\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the workplace where ideas are put into practice.
#
\Hcoalition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-a-\CX1lish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a union or joining together of several things.
\CX12.\j\b\i a joining together of political parties with each retaining its own principles.
#
\Hcoalscuttle\h
\Pnoun\p a bucket in which coal for a fire is carried or stored.
#
\Hcoarse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i horse \Padjective\p composed of large particles: '\Icoarse\j\b\i sand'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the sailors shouted with \Icoarse\j\b\i laughter' (= crude, vulgar).
b) 'the \Icoarse\j\b\i cloth scratched her skin' (= rough, harsh). \Bcoarsely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcoarseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoarsen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcoarse fishing\h
freshwater fishing with a hook and bait and not a fly. Compare \Jfly fishing\j\b\i.
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\Hcoast\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the area of land which borders the sea or any large area of water.
\CX12.\j\b\i the seaside.
\Bthe coast is clear\j\b\i, there is no danger.
\Bcoast\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move without effort: 'the bicycle \Icoasted\j\b\i down the hill'. \Bcoastal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or at a coast. Latin \Icosta\j\b\i rib or flank
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\Hcoaster\h
\Pnoun\p a small mat or tray placed under a drinking glass or decanter to protect the table surface.
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\Hcoastguard\h
\Pnoun\p an officer or group of officers appointed to patrol a coast for smugglers, ships in trouble, etc.
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\Hcoastline\h
\Pnoun\p the outline of a coast.
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\Hcoat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of clothing, with sleeves, a collar or lapels, which fastens down the front, worn over other clothes.
\CX12.\j\b\i any outer covering: a) 'a dog's wiry \Icoat\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Icoat\j\b\i of paint'.
\Btrail one's coat\j\b\i, to act in a provoking manner. \Bcoat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with a coat or cover; \Bcoating\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a layer.
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\Hcoat of arms\h
plural is \Bcoats of arms\j\b\i
\IHeraldry:\j\b\i a shield decorated with pictorial designs and used by noble families, etc.
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\Hcoax\h
\Isay\j\b\i cokes \Pverb\p to try to get something by flattery or patient persuasion: 'the dog had to be \Icoaxed\j\b\i into having a bath'. \Bcoaxingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcoaxer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcoaxial\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1ak\j\b\isial \Padjective\p having the same axis.
\Bcoaxial cable\j\b\i
\IRadio:\j\b\i a cable with a pair of electrical conductors, one inside the other, used to carry high-frequency signals such as television programmes.
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\Hcob\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male swan.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sturdy, short-legged horse for riding.
\CX13.\j\b\i the centre part of an ear of corn, on which the kernels grow.
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\Hcobalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-bolt \Pnoun\p element number 27, a hard, magnetic metal, similar to iron, used in alloys. Its compounds are used in glass and as dyes. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i. \Bcobaltic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcobber\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a friend.
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\Hcobble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or mend shoes.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or put together clumsily.
\CX13.\j\b\i to pave with cobblestones. \Bcobbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who mends shoes.
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\Hcobblestone\h
\Pnoun\p a rounded stone used for paving.
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\Hcobol\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a programming language mainly used in business. \Bco\j\b\i(mmon) \Bb\j\b\i(usiness) \Bo\j\b\i(riented) \Bl\j\b\i(anguage)
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\Hcobra\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of very poisonous, front-fanged snakes of Africa and Asia noted for spreading their neck-ribs to form a hood of skin when disturbed.
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\Hcobweb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin thread or threaded structure spun by spiders to catch prey, usually insects.
\CX12.\j\b\i any flimsy or intricate structure or thing.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) anything which is neglected: '\Icobwebs\j\b\i in the mind'. Middle English \Icoppe\j\b\i spider + \Bweb\j\b\i
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\Hcocaine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1kane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a bitter, crystalline drug made from the dried leaves of a tropical plant and used as an anaesthetic.
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\Hcoccus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kokk\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcocci\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kok\j\b\i-eye)
\IBiology:\j\b\i any round bacterium.
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\Hcoccyx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kok\j\b\i-siks \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the small, rough, triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by four fused vertebrae. Greek \Ikokkyx\j\b\i cuckoo, because the bone was thought to resemble its bill
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\Hcochineal\h
\Isay\j\b\i kotcha-\CX1neel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a red dye obtained from an insect and used as a food colouring.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong, light red colour. Spanish \Icochinilla\j\b\i woodlouse
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\Hcochlea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cock\j\b\i-leear \Pnoun\p the internal spiral part of the ear.
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\Hcock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male adult bird, especially a domestic fowl.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices, such as a valve, used to control the flow of a liquid or gas.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the hammer of a gun. b) the position to which it is pulled before firing.
\CX14.\j\b\i a weathervane shaped like a rooster.
\Bcock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pull back and set the hammer of a gun before firing.
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\Hcock (2)\h
\Pverb\p to turn upwards or to the side in a jaunty or defiant manner: 'he \Icocked\j\b\i an eyebrow at the impudent question'. \Bcock\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcockade\h
\Pnoun\p a knot of ribbons worn on a hat, usually as part of a uniform.
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\Hcockatiel\h
\Isay\j\b\i kokka-\CX1teel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small, crested parrot living in the open forest and scrub of inland Australia, also kept as a pet.
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\Hcockatoo\h
\Isay\j\b\i kokka-\CX1too\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a large, crested parrot, found in Australia and New Guinea.
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\Hcockerel\h
\Pnoun\p a young domestic cock.
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\Hcocker spaniel\h
one of a breed of small, long-haired dogs with long drooping ears.
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\Hcockeyed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i crooked or twisted to one side.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) absurd or foolish: 'a \Icockeyed\j\b\i story'.
\CX13.\j\b\i having a squint.
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\Hcockle\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of edible, bivalve molluscs with ribbed shells.
\Bcockles of the heart\j\b\i, 'his words warmed the \Icockles of my heart\j\b\i' (= deepest or innermost feelings).
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\Hcockney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kok\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a native of inner London, especially one having a characteristic accent.
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\Hcockpit\h
\Pnoun\p the space for the pilot and crew controlling an aircraft.
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\Hcockroach\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, usually nocturnal, insects with dark, oval, flattened bodies, long legs and antennae.
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\Hcockscomb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jcomb\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pointed cap worn by a clown or jester.
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\Hcocksure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1cok\j\b\i-shor \Padjective\p overly confident: 'a \Icocksure\j\b\i young man'. \Bcocksureness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcocktail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong, alcoholic drink made of one or more spirits and often sweetened, a pre-dinner drink.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dish of seafood or fruit served as an appetiser.
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\Hcocky (1)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) arrogant or conceited: 'his \Icocky\j\b\i reply made his mother furious'. \Bcockily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcockiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcocky (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a farmer, usually on a small farm.
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\Hcocoa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p a) the ground seeds of the cacao tree. b) a drink made from this.
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\Hcocoa bean\h
the seed of the cacao tree.
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\Hcocoa butter\h
a mixture of semisolid oils derived from the cacao bean used in fine soaps, medical products and cosmetics.
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\Hcoconut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-k'nut \Pnoun\p a) the large seed of a palm tree, with a hard shell, a white, fleshy, edible lining and containing a milky liquid. b) the white lining, often grated and used in cooking. Spanish \Icoco\j\b\i grinning face, which the base of the shell resembles
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\Hcoconut ice\h
a sweet made from sugar and coconut.
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\Hcoconut-shy\h
\Pnoun\p an entertainment at fairs, etc. in which coconuts are set up as targets to be thrown at, and awarded as prizes.
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\Hcocoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1koon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a protective covering made by an animal for its eggs or by an insect for the pupa.
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\Hcod\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, soft-finned, edible fish, sometimes brightly coloured.
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\Hcoda\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the section of music at the end of a movement.
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\Hcoddle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to boil gently.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pamper or indulge.
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\Hcode\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a systematic collection of rules relating to a particular subject: 'a \Icode\j\b\i of behaviour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any system of communication which is based on randomly chosen symbols, and which is used to aid a process or ensure secrecy: a) 'a computer \Icode\j\b\i'; b) 'most communications during wartime are transmitted in \Icode\j\b\i'. \Bcode\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcodeine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-deen \Pnoun\p a white, slightly bitter chemical made from opium and used in medicine to relieve pain. Greek \Ikodeia\j\b\i poppyhead
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\Hcodger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an odd, usually old, person.
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\Hcodicil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kodd\j\b\ii-sil \Pnoun\p a supplement or added part, especially to a will.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put into a code. \Bcodification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcodling moth\h
also spelt \Bcodlin moth\j\b\i
a small moth, the larvae of which feed on the flesh of apples.
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\Hcod-liver oil\h
an oil which is obtained from the liver of cod or sharks, and is used as a source of vitamins A and D.
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\Hcodpiece\h
\Pnoun\p a pouch attached to the crotch of tight-fitting breeches, worn by men in the Middle Ages.
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\Hcodswallop\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kodz\j\b\i-wollop \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any nonsense or rubbish.
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\Hco-ed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) coeducational.
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\Hcoeducation\h
\Pnoun\p the teaching of males and females together. \Bcoeducational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcoefficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-a-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a number or symbol placed in front of, and multiplying, another quantity. \IExample:\j\b\i in 3\Ia\j\b\i{\up6 2\j\b\i\Iy\j\b\i, 3\Ia\j\b\i{\up6 2\j\b\i is the coefficient of \Iy\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a factor which is constant for a specified system.
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\Hcoelacanth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ila-kanth \Pnoun\p any of a group of fish thought, until 1938, when a living specimen was found, to have been extinct for 70 million years. Greek \Ikoilos\j\b\i hollow + \Iakantha\j\b\i spine
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\Hcoelenterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1lent\j\b\ia-rate \Pnoun\p any of a large group of aquatic animals, such as the hydra, which have only one internal cavity. Greek \Ikoilos\j\b\i hollow + \Ienteron\j\b\i intestine
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\Hcoerce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1erse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to force or compel: 'rebellious children must be \Icoerced\j\b\i into obedience'. \Bcoercion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1er\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoercive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1er\j\b\isiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcoeval\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1ee\j\b\i-v'l \Padjective\p a) of the same age. b) existing at or lasting for the same period of time. \Bcoeval\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a contemporary; \Bcoevally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcoexist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-eg\CX1zist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to exist together. \Bcoexistence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoexistent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcoffee\h
\Pnoun\p a) a substance made by roasting and grinding the bean-like seeds of a tropical, evergreen shrub. b) a drink made from this.
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\Hcoffer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, strong box, especially for storing money or valuables.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the treasury or funds: 'the \Icoffers\j\b\i of the Church were badly depleted'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an ornamental, sunken panel in a ceiling, etc.
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\Hcoffin\h
\Pnoun\p a box into which a dead body is placed for burial. Greek \Ikophinos\j\b\i basket
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\Hcog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tooth or projection on a wheel or bar which fits with and pushes against a matching tooth or projection on another wheel or bar.
\CX12.\j\b\i an insignificant person in a large organisation: 'he is only a \Icog\j\b\i in that company'.
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\Hcogent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p having the power to convince or prove: 'we could not disagree with his \Icogent\j\b\i arguments'. \Bcogently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcogency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icogens\j\b\i compelling
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\Hcogitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koj\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to think hard or ponder. \Bcogitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcogitative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcognac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-yak \Pnoun\p a fine brandy. first made in \ICognac\j\b\i, France
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\Hcognate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kog\j\b\i-nate \Padjective\p having the same source, descent or origin: 'English and German are \Icognate\j\b\i languages'. \Bcognate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcognisance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kog\j\b\ini-z'nce \Pnoun\p cognizance knowledge or notice: 'did you have any \Icognisance\j\b\i of the fact?'. \Bcognisant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcognition\h
\Isay\j\b\i kog-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the mental process by which knowledge is acquired. \Bcognitive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kog\j\b\ini-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcognomen\h
\Isay\j\b\i kog-\CX1no\j\b\i-men \Pnoun\p a) a surname. b) a nickname.
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\Hcogwheel\h
\Pnoun\p a wheel with cogs, used to transmit or receive motion.
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\Hcohabitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-habbi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of living together, especially as man and wife. \Bcohabit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcohabiter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to agree or be consistent. \Bcoherence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoherent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) sticking together, b) logically connected; \Bcoherently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcohesion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1hee\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of cohering.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the force that holds molecules or groups of atoms together. Compare \Jadhesion\j\b\i. \Bcohesive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcohort\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAncient history:\j\b\i a tenth part of a Roman legion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group or band, especially of warriors.
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\Hcoif\h
\Pnoun\p a close-fitting cap or hood. \Bcoif\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover the head with or as if with a coif.
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\Hcoiffeur\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwa-\CX1fir\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a hairdresser.
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\Hcoiffure\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwa-\CX1few\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p a hairstyle.
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\Hcoign\h
\Isay\j\b\i koin \Pnoun\p See \Jquoin\j\b\i.
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\Hcoil\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a length of rope, wire, etc., wound into a continuous series of rings or spirals. b) a single ring in such a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i an induction coil. \Bcoil\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcoin\h
\Pnoun\p a) a metal disc stamped to show its value as money. b) any or all coins.
\Bcoin\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make coins.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Icoin\j\b\i a phrase' (= make, invent). \Bcoinage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcoincide\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-in\CX1side\j\b\i \Pverb\p to occur at the same time or place: 'my holidays \Icoincide\j\b\i with Easter'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her opinions usually \Icoincide\j\b\i with mine' (= agree, correspond).
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\Hcoincidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1in\j\b\isi-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of coinciding.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which occurs at the same time as, or corresponds with, another by chance: 'it was a complete \Icoincidence\j\b\i that he should arrive just as we were talking about him'. \Bcoincidental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ko-insi-\CX1dent\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or involving coincidence; \Bcoincident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) coinciding, b) in exact agreement; \Bcoincidentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcoitus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koy\j\b\i-it-us \Iand\j\b\i ko-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p coition the act of sexual intercourse. Latin \Icoire\j\b\i to go together
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\Hcoke\h
\Pnoun\p a hard, dark grey, brittle, porous solid containing about 80 per cent carbon. It is prepared by heating coal in the absence of air, and is used as fuel or in the production of iron and steel.
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\Hcol\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a saddle between two higher parts of a mountain range, etc.
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\Hcolander\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kull\j\b\i'nda \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcullender\j\b\i
a bowl-shaped vessel with many small holes, used for draining off liquids from food.
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\Hcola nut\h
a nut containing caffeine, grown in Africa and the West Indies and used in some non-alcoholic drinks.
#
\Hcold\h
\Padjective\p lacking heat or having a low temperature: a) '\Icold\j\b\i toes'; b) 'a \Icold\j\b\i morning'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Icold\j\b\i and indignant stare' (= unfriendly).
b) 'the boxer was knocked \Icold\j\b\i' (= unconscious).
c) 'the dogs can't follow a \Icold\j\b\i scent' (= faint, no longer fresh).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget, have cold feet\j\b\i, 'at the last moment he \Igot cold feet\j\b\i and didn't propose' (= lost courage).
\Bleave cold\j\b\i, 'his attempts to impress people \Ileave\j\b\i me \Icold\j\b\i' (= fail to affect).
\Bcold\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an absence of heat or warmth: 'I dislike the \Icold\j\b\i of winter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i an infectious disease causing fever, a sore throat and a blocked nose.
\Bin the cold\j\b\i, 'I always feel \Iin the cold\j\b\i at strange parties' (= neglected, left out). \Bcoldly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcoldness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcold-blooded\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i coolly deliberate or cruel: 'a \Icold-blooded\j\b\i act'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i having a body temperature which is similar to the temperature of the surrounding environment, e.g. a fish. Also called \Bectothermic\j\b\i, \Bpoikilothermic\j\b\i. Compare \Jwarm-blooded\j\b\i. \Bcold-bloodedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcold-bloodedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcold chisel\h
See \Jchisel\j\b\i.
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\Hcold comfort\h
little or no comfort or consolation.
#
\Hcold cream\h
a thick cream-like substance used to clean or soften the skin.
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\Hcold front\h
\IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jfront\j\b\i.
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\Hcold fusion\h
the fusion of atoms in an electrochemical cell containing electrodes of palladium and platinum wire immersed in heavy water.
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\Hcold-hearted\h
\Padjective\p indifferent or unsympathetic: 'the \Icold-hearted\j\b\i landlord did not care about the plight of his tenants'. \Bcold-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcold-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcold snap\h
a sudden, short period of very cold weather.
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\Hcold sore\h
a viral skin infection causing sores on or near the lips, especially during a cold. See \Jherpes\j\b\i.
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\Hcold storage\h
the storage of perishable foods, etc. in a refrigerated place.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'they put the suggestion in \Icold storage\j\b\i' (= a state of indefinite postponement).
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\Hcold war\h
a state of aggression or rivalry between countries, which stops short of actual fighting.
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\Hcold wave\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IBeauty:\j\b\i See \Jpermanent wave\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a burst of cold air, usually from polar areas, often felt after a low has passed.
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\Hcoleopterous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kolli-\CX1op\j\b\iterus \Padjective\p of or relating to beetles.
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\Hcoleoptile\h
\Isay\j\b\i kolli-\CX1op\j\b\itile \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the first leaf above the ground in grasses.
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\Hcoleslaw\h
\Pnoun\p a salad made from raw, shredded cabbage with various dressings. Dutch \Ikool\j\b\i cabbage + \Isla\j\b\i salad
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\Hcolic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p the severe recurring paroxysm of pain in the abdomen due to spasm, obstruction or distention of a hollow organ, such as the bowel or ureter. \Bcolicky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcolitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1lie\j\b\i -tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the colon.
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\Hcollaborate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1labb\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to work together: 'the two departments \Icollaborated\j\b\i on the project'. \Bcollaboration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcollaborator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who collaborates.
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\Hcollage\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'l-\CX1ah\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an art form in which various materials such as paper, cloth, string, etc. are stuck onto a surface.
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\Hcollagen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-jen \Pnoun\p a protein found in connective tissue and bones, which forms gelatine on boiling.
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\Hcollapse\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to fall or break down, to disintegrate; b) to cave in: 'the trench \Icollapsed\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the scheme \Icollapsed\j\b\i owing to a lack of finance' (= stopped).
b) 'they \Icollapsed\j\b\i in shock at the terrible news' (= broke down).
\CX12.\j\b\i to fold compactly: 'this bed \Icollapses\j\b\i'. \Bcollapsible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcollapse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcollar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything worn or tied around the neck: 'a dog's \Icollar\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a shirt, coat, dress, etc. which surrounds the neck and is usually folded over.
\CX13.\j\b\i a part of a harness, around the horse's shoulders, which enables a load to be pulled.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of various devices encircling a pipe, shaft, rod, etc.
\Bcollar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to seize by the collar or neck.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Icollared\j\b\i me on the way to work and asked me for a loan' (= captured, waylaid).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'who \Icollared\j\b\i my exercise book?' (= took, stole).
\Bcollar the market\j\b\i, to gain a monopoly.
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\Hcollarbone\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jclavicle\j\b\i.
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\Hcollate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'l-\CX1ate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to compare copies, accounts, etc. carefully in order to note agreements and disagreements.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i to gather several sheets or sections of a book into the correct order. \Bcollator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcollateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i secondary or subordinate to the main subject, action, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i being descended from the same ancestors, but through different lines.
\Bcollateral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an asset given as a guarantee for the repayment of a loan.
#
\Hcollateral damage\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i the civilian casualties which accompany a military operation.
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\Hcollation\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'l-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of collating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light meal.
#
\Hcolleague\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\i-eeg \Pnoun\p a fellow member of a profession, official body, etc.
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\Hcollect (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1lekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to gather together or accumulate: 'to \Icollect\j\b\i money for charity'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she tried to \Icollect\j\b\i her thoughts before answering his unexpected question' (= regain control over).
\CX12.\j\b\i to fetch: 'when will the mail be \Icollected\j\b\i?'.
\Bcollect\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i to be paid for on delivery: 'to send a parcel \Icollect\j\b\i'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of collecting: 'mail \Icollection\j\b\i stopped during the strike'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is collected, such as the money collected during a church service. \Bcollected\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, self-possessed; \Bcollectedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcollectedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcollectible\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which is suitable for inclusion in a collection; \Bcollector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that collects.
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\Hcollect (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iekt \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a short, set prayer in a traditional form, usually for a particular season of the year.
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\Hcollective\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i combined or united: 'a \Icollective\j\b\i effort will have the job done much more quickly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i forming a collection: 'his publishers have produced a \Icollective\j\b\i edition of his works'.
\Bcollective\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i See \Jcommune (2)\j\b\i. \Bcollectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcollective noun\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jnoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcollectivism\h
\Pnoun\p any social or political system based on equal sharing of work, products, etc., such as socialism. \Bcollectivise\j\b\i, \Bcollectivize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to organise according to the principles of collectivism; \Bcollectivist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcollector\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcollect (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hcollege\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a) a tertiary vocational institution such as a Teachers College. b) a name for a secondary school. c) a residential building for students at a university, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican education:\j\b\i a tertiary institution giving a general education.
\CX13.\j\b\i an organised group of people with a common profession, interest or pursuit: 'the Royal \ICollege\j\b\i of Surgeons'. \Bcollegian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lee\j\b\ijun), \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a college; \Bcollegiate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1le\j\b\iejit), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a college.
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\Hcollide\h
\Pverb\p to crash together or come into violent contact. \Bcollision\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1li\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcollie\h
\Pnoun\p any of several breeds of wavy-haired, Scottish sheep-dogs.
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\Hcollier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship which carries coal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coal-miner. \Bcolliery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\iia-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i, a coalmine with its buildings and equipment.
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\Hcollimator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ii-mayter \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an optical system for obtaining a parallel beam of light.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, fixed telescope attached to a more powerful one for accurately adjusting it.
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\Hcollinear\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1linn\j\b\iia \Padjective\p being in the same straight line.
#
\Hcollision\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1li\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p See \Jcollide\j\b\i.
#
\Hcollocation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kolla-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the placing of things together or in their correct order. \Bcollocate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcolloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\i-oyd \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a suspension of very fine particles in a liquid. The particles are finer than a simple suspension, but larger than particles in a solution. \Bcolloidal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1loy\j\b\i-d'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcollop\h
\Pnoun\p a small slice of anything, especially of meat.
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\Hcolloquial\h
\Isay\j\b\i kol-\CX1o\j\b\i-kwee-al \Padjective\p of or relating to casual conversation, as distinct from written or formal speech. \IExample:\j\b\i they \Iain't\j\b\i here, for they \Iare not\j\b\i here. Compare \Jslang\j\b\i. \Bcolloquially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcolloquialism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a colloquial expression.
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\Hcolloquy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-kwee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a conversation or conference.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of writing in the form of a dialogue.
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\Hcollusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1loo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a secret agreement between two or more people to defraud another. \Bcollusive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1loo\j\b\i-siv), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcollude\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcollywobbles\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a stomach-ache. b) diarrhoea.
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\Hcologne\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lone\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jeau de cologne\j\b\i.
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\Hcolon (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-lon \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a punctuation mark (:), used before a quotation, list, statement, etc. which was introduced by the previous words. \IExample:\j\b\i Susan sent invitations to the following people: Margaret, Peter, Alice, David, Ian and Kate.
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\Hcolon (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-lon \Pnoun\p also called the \Blarge intestine\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large, thin-walled tube forming the lower part of the alimentary canal, which connects the small intestine and the caecum to the anus.
#
\Hcolonel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kern\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a lieutenant colonel and a brigadier.
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\Hcolonial\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee'l \Pnoun\p a person who lives in a colony. \Bcolonial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a colony or a colonist; \Bcolonially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcolonialism\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jimperialism\j\b\i.
#
\Hcolonise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-nize \Pverb\p colonize to make into a colony: 'Australia was \Icolonised\j\b\i by Great Britain'. \Bcolonisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcolonnade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-nade \Pnoun\p a) a series of columns supporting a roof, a series of arches, etc. b) a long row of trees.
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\Hcolony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a foreign settlement or community developed by another country and remaining under its control. Compare \Jprotectorate\j\b\i. b) the group of people living in such a settlement.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of people with similar interests, background, etc. who live together: a) 'a nudist \Icolony\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Icolony\j\b\i of Australians in London'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a visible growth of micro-organisms on the surface of a solid medium. b) a group of similar organisms living close together. Compare \Jaggregation\j\b\i. \Bcolonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who lives in or first establishes a colony.
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\Hcolophon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ia-fon \Pnoun\p any decorative initial or small drawing identifying a publishing firm and printed on its books. Greek \Ikolophon\j\b\i the end
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\Hcolor\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcolour\j\b\i.
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\Hcoloratura\h
\Isay\j\b\i kollera-\CX1tew\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i an elaborate style of singing, usually soprano.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) marvellous: 'we had a \Icolossal\j\b\i time at the party'. \Bcolossally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcolossus\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1loss\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p anything of enormous size or importance. from the bronze statue of Apollo at Rhodes, called the \IColossus\j\b\i, whose legs straddled the entrance to the harbour
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\Hcolostomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1los\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p an operation to produce an opening in the colon. Greek \Ikolon\j\b\i colon + \Istoma\j\b\i mouth
#
\Hcolour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kull\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p color \CX11.\j\b\i the sensation produced in the eye by light of different wavelengths.
\CX12.\j\b\i any paint, pigment or dye.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person's complexion or skin pigmentation: 'without distinction of race, \Icolour\j\b\i or creed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the commentator's descriptions added much \Icolour\j\b\i to the events' (= interest, brightness).
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) an award, such as that given to leading players in a sporting team. b) any distinctive colour, symbol, flag, etc. of identification: 'a jockey's \Icolours\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bflying colours\j\b\i, 'she passed her exams with \Iflying colours\j\b\i' (= great success).
\Bgive, lend colour to\j\b\i, 'if we add some circumstantial details it will \Igive colour to\j\b\i our excuse' (= make probable or realistic).
a) 'he \Icoloured\j\b\i at the coarse suggestion' (= blushed).
b) 'her story was \Icoloured\j\b\i by emotion' (= influenced).
\Bcoloured\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having colour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he used \Icoloured\j\b\i language to sway his audience' (= not impartial or neutral).
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a member of any non-white race of people.
\Bcoloured\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a member of any non-white race of people. \Bcoloration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the arrangement of colours, b) the colouring; \Bcolourful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of colour, b) interesting or picturesque; \Bcolourfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcolourfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcolour-bar\h
\Pnoun\p any discrimination against members of a non-white race.
#
\Hcolt (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a young, male horse, especially one up to three years old. \Bcoltish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, young or inexperienced.
#
\HColt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a type of revolver. a trademark, after \ISamuel Colt\j\b\i, 1814-62, an American inventor
#
\Hcolumn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an upright support, usually made of brick or stone. Also called a \Bpillar\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything with a similar shape, such as the vertical blocks of lines of type on a page: a) 'this page has two \Icolumns\j\b\i'; b) 'a thin \Icolumn\j\b\i of smoke'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short magazine or newspaper article which appears regularly, usually written by the same person.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a formation of troops or vehicles following one after another. \Bcolumnar\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1lum\j\b\ina), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hcolumnist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koll\j\b\ium-nist \Pnoun\p a person who writes a newspaper or magazine column.
#
\Hcom-\h
a prefix meaning with or jointly, as in \Icompare\j\b\i. Variants of com- are: \Bcon-\j\b\i (\Iconnect\j\b\i) and \Bcor-\j\b\i (\Icorrupt\j\b\i).
#
\Hcoma (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcomas\j\b\i
a state of deep unconsciousness, usually due to injury or disease. \Bcomatose\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, affected with or as if with coma.
#
\Hcoma (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcomae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-mee)
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the hazy cloud surrounding the nucleus of a comet.
#
\Hcomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i kome \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an object of bone, plastic, etc., with teeth for smoothing or untangling hair, wool, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any part or device with the shape or function of a comb.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the fleshy growth on the head of a domestic fowl. Short form of \Bcockscomb\j\b\i.
\Bcomb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to arrange or untangle with a comb.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'police \Icombed\j\b\i the district for the missing child' (= searched thoroughly).
#
\Hcombat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-bat \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fight or battle.
a person taking part in a fight or combat: 'the two determined \Icombatants\j\b\i were separated by the onlookers'. \Bcombat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1bat\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to oppose or fight against; \Bcombatant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hcombat fatigue\h
also called \Bbattle fatigue\j\b\i or \Bshell shock\j\b\i
a mental disorder caused by extreme stress, especially among soldiers at war.
#
\Hcombative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\iba-tiv \Padjective\p eager to fight.
#
\Hcomber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p a long curling wave in the surf.
#
\Hcombination\h
\Isay\j\b\i kombi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of combining. b) anything formed by a number of things joining or combining: 'the soup was a \Icombination\j\b\i of meat and vegetables'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sequence or series of things, such as the numbers or letters used to operate a combination lock.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a set of elements selected from a given larger set, regardless of their arrangement. Compare \Jpermutation\j\b\i.
\Bcombination lock\j\b\i
a lock which can only be opened if its dial is turned through a certain sequence of positions which are shown by numbers or letters.
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\Hcombine\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1bine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to join several things into one: 'metal and timber workers have \Icombined\j\b\i to form a union'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to approach or move towards: '\Icome\j\b\i and sit beside me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrive or reach: 'they \Icame\j\b\i to a small, deserted house'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to occur or happen: 'my birthday \Icomes\j\b\i after yours'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'some cheeses \Icome\j\b\i in tins' (= are packed).
\CX14.\j\b\i to be derived from: 'he \Icomes\j\b\i from a very wealthy family'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to undergo or change into a particular state: 'the parcel \Icame\j\b\i undone'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome about\j\b\i, to happen.
\Bcome across\j\b\i, a) to find or meet with, especially by chance; b) to be understood.
\Bcome along\j\b\i, to hurry.
\Bcome by\j\b\i, 'how did you \Icome by\j\b\i that chair?' (= acquire).
\Bcome in\j\b\i, a) 'this money will \Icome in\j\b\i handy' (= be); b) to finish in a race, etc.
\Bcome into\j\b\i, to inherit.
\Bcome of\j\b\i, a) 'see what \Icomes of\j\b\i carelessness' (= results from); b) 'whatever \Icame of\j\b\i him in the end?' (= happened to).
\Bcome off\j\b\i, a) to take place; b) to succeed; c) to become unfastened.
\Bcome on\j\b\i, a) to progress; b) to appear onstage.
\Bcome out\j\b\i, a) to be published or released; b) to become evident.
\Bcome out with\j\b\i, 'he \Icame out with\j\b\i the whole story' (= told, revealed).
\Bcome over\j\b\i, 'what has \Icome over\j\b\i him?' (= changed, affected).
\Bcome round\j\b\i, a) to regain consciousness; b) to change an opinion, etc.
\Bcome through\j\b\i, 'she \Icame through\j\b\i two bouts of pneumonia' (= survived).
\Bcome to\j\b\i, a) to total; b) to regain consciousness.
\Bcome up\j\b\i, 'a new problem has \Icome up\j\b\i' (= arisen).
\Bcome upon\j\b\i, 'we \Icame upon\j\b\i a pile of old coins' (= found, discovered).
\Bcome up with\j\b\i, to produce or propose.
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\Hcomeback\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a return to a successful activity after a lapse or defeat.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a retort or a pointed reply.
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\Hcomedian\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1meed\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a performer in a comedy or comic act.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who is or attempts to be funny. \Bcomedienne\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'meedi-\CX1en\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of comedian.
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\Hcomedy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any form of entertainment which causes amusement or light-hearted enjoyment. Compare \Jtragedy\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any funny event or series of events: 'a \Icomedy\j\b\i of errors'.
\Bblack comedy\j\b\i
a comedy with a tragic or pessimistic theme.
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\Hcomely\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p pleasing or attractive. \Bcomeliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p a celestial body moving around the sun and containing a bright nucleus surrounded by a hazy cloud which extends into a tail. Greek \Ikometes\j\b\i long-haired
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\Hcome-uppance\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a deserved reprimand or punishment: 'you'll get your \Icome-uppance\j\b\i one day'.
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\Hcomfort\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\ifort \Pverb\p to cheer: 'we were \Icomforted\j\b\i in our grief by her kindness'.
\Bcomfort\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a state of pleasant freedom from suffering: 'they live in great \Icomfort\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any relief or consolation. b) anything which causes comfort: 'visits from old friends are a \Icomfort\j\b\i to her'. \Bcomforting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcomfortingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomfortless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without cheer.
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\Hcomfortable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kumf\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or giving comfort: 'a \Icomfortable\j\b\i old armchair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being in a state of comfort: 'I'm \Icomfortable\j\b\i here, thanks'. \Bcomfortably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p of or relating to comedy: 'a \Icomic\j\b\i actor'.
\Bcomic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a magazine of stories, etc. told in comic strips.
\CX12.\j\b\i a funny person or actor: 'that man is a natural \Icomic\j\b\i'. \Bcomic, comical\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IComic\j\b\i relates to something that is intentionally funny; whereas \Icomical\j\b\i relates to something that is funny regardless of intention. 'A \Icomic\j\b\i approach to life' suggests a deliberately chosen light-hearted way of living one's life; but 'a \Icomical\j\b\i approach to life' suggests behaviour that makes other people laugh.
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\Hcomical\h
\Padjective\p amusing or funny: 'his \Icomical\j\b\i expression made all of us laugh'.
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\Hcomic relief\h
See \Jlight relief\j\b\i.
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\Hcomic strip\h
also called a \Bcartoon\j\b\i
a series of drawings which tell a story or joke.
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\Hcomity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a friendly politeness or recognition, especially between countries.
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\Hcomma\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a punctuation mark (,) used between words, phrases or clauses to introduce a short pause.
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\Hcommand\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mahnd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to order, demand or have control over: 'he \Icommands\j\b\i a battalion'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Icommands\j\b\i as much money as she needs' (= has the use of).
b) 'his age \Icommands\j\b\i great respect' (= deserves).
c) 'the farmhouse \Icommands\j\b\i a view of the whole valley' (= overlooks).
\Bcommand\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an order given: 'he ignored the \Icommands\j\b\i to stop'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the possession of control or authority: a) 'who is in \Icommand\j\b\i here?'. b) 'she has great \Icommand\j\b\i over her feelings'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a force or clearly defined region under the authority of an officer.
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\Hcommandant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\i'n-dant \Pnoun\p the commanding officer of a military establishment, such as a fortress or school.
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\Hcommandeer\h
\Isay\j\b\i komm'n-\CX1deer\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take or seize something, especially for official use: 'the police \Icommandeered\j\b\i a private launch to continue the chase'.
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\Hcommander\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mahnd\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person who leads or has command, such as the chief commissioned officer of a military unit.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the navy ranking below a captain.
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\Hcommandment\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mahn\j\b\id-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a command.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a divine law, such as the Ten Commandments in the Bible.
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\Hcommando\h
\Isay\j\b\i k' \CX1mahnd\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcommandos\j\b\i
a member of a special combined military and naval force trained for swift, destructive raids or attacks.
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\Hcommand performance\h
the performance of a play or other entertainment at the request of a monarch or other high official.
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\Hcommemorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1memm\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to honour the memory of something, especially by a ceremony or celebration. \Bcommemoration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcommemorative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcommence\h
\Pverb\p to start or begin: 'the game will \Icommence\j\b\i after lunch'. \Bcommencement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcommend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to praise or speak of as worthy, suitable, etc.: 'the reporter was \Icommended\j\b\i for her bravery in the course of researching her story'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give to the care of.
\Bcommendation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any praise or approval: 'Jane's new novel received great \Icommendation\j\b\i from the critics'. \Bcommendable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being worthy of praise; \Bcommendatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, giving praise or approval.
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\Hcommensurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1men\j\b\isha-rit \Padjective\p being of the same or equal value: 'pay will be \Icommensurate\j\b\i with the standard of work'.
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\Hcomment\h
\Pnoun\p a note or remark made to explain, criticise, etc.: 'the doctor refused to make any \Icomment\j\b\i on the matter'. \Bcomment\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcommentary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\i'n-tree \Pnoun\p a continuous sequence of comments or notes, especially on one particular subject: 'a news \Icommentary\j\b\i'.
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\Hcommentator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\i'n-tayta \Pnoun\p a person who gives a commentary: 'a racing \Icommentator\j\b\i'.
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\Hcommerce\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any trade or business activity, especially on a large scale.
\CX12.\j\b\i any exchange, especially between people.
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\Hcommercial\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mer\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to commerce.
\CX12.\j\b\i made for sale or profit: 'a \Icommercial\j\b\i product'.
\CX13.\j\b\i financed or sponsored by advertisers: '\Icommercial\j\b\i radio'.
\Bcommercial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an advertisement on radio or television. \Bcommercialise\j\b\i, \Bcommercialize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to turn something into a business or moneymaking project; \Bcommercialisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcommercialism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcommercial art\h
the use of certain forms of art or design to promote products, etc. \Bcommercial artist\j\b\i, a person skilled or trained in commercial art.
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\Hcommercial traveller\h
a travelling sales representative.
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\Hcommiserate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mizz\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to express sorrow or pity: 'we \Icommiserate\j\b\i with you about the accident'. \Bcommiseration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcommissar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\ii-sar \Pnoun\p the head of a government department in certain countries, especially Russia.
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\Hcommission\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an order or authority given for a particular task, duty or appointment: 'she received her \Icommission\j\b\i as a second lieutenant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people officially appointed for a particular duty: 'a government \Icommission\j\b\i on equal rights'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any fee paid to an agent for services such as buying or selling goods.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act of committing: 'the \Icommission\j\b\i of such a crime is unthinkable'.
\Bout of commission\j\b\i, 'both engines are \Iout of commission\j\b\i' (= not working).
\Bcommission\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give a commission to.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give authority to: 'Chris was \Icommissioned\j\b\i to paint a mural for the museum.'
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\Hcommissionaire\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mish\j\b\i'n-air \Pnoun\p a doorkeeper or porter in uniform, at a cinema, large hotel, etc.
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\Hcommissioner\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mish\j\b\i'n-er \Pnoun\p an appointed official, especially one in charge of a department: 'a police \Icommissioner\j\b\i'.
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\Hcommit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcommitted\j\b\i, \Bcommitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to do or perform: 'he is charged with \Icommitting\j\b\i murder'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give or put into the trust or charge of: 'she was \Icommitted\j\b\i to a mental institution'.
\Bcommit oneself\j\b\i, 'don't \Icommit yourself\j\b\i to anything dangerous' (= pledge, bind yourself). \Bcommitment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of committing, b) the state of being committed, c) a promise to do something; \Bcommittal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of committing.
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\Hcommittee\h
\Pnoun\p a small group of people appointed to represent a larger group.
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\Hcommode\h
\Pnoun\p a low, box-like stand into which a chamber-pot is fitted.
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\Hcommodious\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mo\j\b\i-dee-us \Padjective\p spacious: 'it's a \Icommodious\j\b\i house for such a small family'.
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\Hcommodity\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1modd\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p anything useful, especially an article of trade: 'a household \Icommodity\j\b\i'.
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\Hcommodore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\ia-dor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the navy, ranking below a rear admiral.
\CX12.\j\b\i the president of a yacht or boat club.
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\Hcommon\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being shared by two or more people: 'the story is \Icommon\j\b\i knowledge'.
\CX12.\j\b\i usual or frequent: 'a \Icommon\j\b\i event'.
\CX13.\j\b\i inferior or ordinary: 'she has very \Icommon\j\b\i table manners'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jgender\j\b\i.
\Bcommon\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a piece of land used by a community for grazing animals, etc.
\Bin common\j\b\i, 'they have very little \Iin common\j\b\i' (= shared, that is alike). \Bcommonly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcommonalty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1komm\j\b\ien-al-tee \Pnoun\p the common people; ordinary citizens.
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\Hcommon denominator\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jdenominator\j\b\i.
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\Hcommoner\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a person who is not a peer.
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\Hcommon fraction\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfraction\j\b\i.
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\Hcommon law\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i the system of law based on old customs or court decisions, as distinct from laws made by an Act of Parliament.
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\Hcommon logarithm\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jlogarithm\j\b\i.
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\Hcommon noun\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcommon-or-garden\h
\Padjective\p ordinary or uninteresting.
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\Hcommonplace\h
\Padjective\p ordinary or dull. \Bcommonplace\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcommon room\h
a sitting room for students or staff in a school or university.
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\Hcommon sense\h
a practical sense or judgement: 'she is very intelligent but lacks \Icommon sense\j\b\i'.
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\Hcommonweal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the welfare of the public.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for a Commonwealth or a whole nation of people.
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\HCommonwealth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a federation of states: 'the \ICommonwealth\j\b\i of Australia'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an association of sovereign countries: 'the British \ICommonwealth\j\b\i of Nations'.
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\Hcommotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a noisy or violent disturbance.
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\Hcommunal\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\in'l \Padjective\p being shared or for common use: 'a \Icommunal\j\b\i bathroom'. \Bcommunally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcommune (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\in \Pverb\p to talk together.
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\Hcommune (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-yoon \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a local community having a degree of self-government, but subject to central control.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people who share property and tasks, living together by their own rules and standards. Also called a \Bcollective\j\b\i.
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\Hcommunicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\ini-kate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pass on or share: 'who \Icommunicated\j\b\i the news to you?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he finds it difficult to \Icommunicate\j\b\i with young people' (= share, exchange ideas).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i to administer or receive Communion. \Bcommunicant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who communicates, b) a person who receives or is entitled to receive Communion; \Bcommunicative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, willing to communicate.
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\Hcommunication\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of communicating: 'there is little \Icommunication\j\b\i between the two families'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is communicated.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the means of sending messages, etc. between places, e.g. by telephone or radio.
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\Hcommunications medium\h
(of telecommunications) the networked wires, optic fibres, cables or other means through which signals are transmitted.
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\Hcommunications software\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a program which enables a computer to exchange information with another computer.
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\Hcommunications technology\h
the branch of technology which deals with the accessing and manipulating of information, and its transfer from one location to another or between multiple locations.
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\Hcommunion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mewn\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sharing or exchange of thoughts or feelings.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the Eucharist. Short form of \BHoly Communion\j\b\i.
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\HcommuniquΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\ini-kay \Pnoun\p an official statement, especially one made by a government concerning special events.
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\Hcommunism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-yoo-nizm \Pnoun\p the belief in or practice of a social system based on the sharing of all work and property by the whole community. Compare \Jcapitalism\j\b\i. \Bcommunist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcommunity\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p any group living in one place or having common interests.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'environment protection is the responsibility of the \Icommunity\j\b\i' (= general public).
b) 'we must allow for a \Icommunity\j\b\i of interests' (= sharing, similarity).
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\Hcommutable\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mew\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p able to be changed or exchanged.
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\Hcommute\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1mewt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to alter or make less severe: 'the prisoner's death sentence was \Icommuted\j\b\i to life imprisonment'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to travel regularly between home and work. \Bcommuter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who commutes.
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\Hcompact (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1pakt\j\b\i \Padjective\p closely packed or fitted together: 'a \Icompact\j\b\i motor car'.
\Bcompact\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a container for face powder. \Bcompact\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1pakt\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to join or pack firmly together; \Bcompactly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompactness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompact (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-pakt \Pnoun\p agreement or contract.
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\Hcompact disc\h
short form is \BCD\j\b\i
a metal disc 12 cm in diameter on which music, speech, etc. are digitally recorded to be reproduced by a device using a laser beam.
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\Hcompact disc read-only memory\h
short form is \BCD ROM\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a form of compact disc which has a high-capacity memory and which may contain such elements as text, video, sound, and still or motion graphics. The information on the disc is recorded digitally and cannot be changed or edited.
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\Hcompanion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pan\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who accompanies or associates with another: 'a travelling \Icompanion\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a book used as a guide or reference.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do you have the \Icompanion\j\b\i to the first volume?' (= matching pair). \Bcompanionship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcom-\j\b\i + Latin \Ipanis\j\b\i bread, originally a person who ate bread with another
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\Hcompanionable\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pan\j\b\i-y'na-b'l \Padjective\p friendly: 'a \Icompanionable\j\b\i chat'.
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\Hcompanionway\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the steps leading from the deck of a boat to a cabin.
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\Hcompany\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\ipa-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people together.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we have \Icompany\j\b\i for tea' (= guests).
b) 'she doesn't like the \Icompany\j\b\i I keep' (= friends, associates).
c) 'a ship's \Icompany\j\b\i' (= crew).
\CX12.\j\b\i a business organisation owned by shareholders: 'a manufacturing \Icompany\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an army unit consisting of three platoons.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep company\j\b\i, to spend time with.
\Bpart company\j\b\i, to separate or leave.
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\Hcomparative\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1parr\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i based on or involving comparison: a) 'a matter of \Icomparative\j\b\i importance'; b) 'the \Icomparative\j\b\i study of Eastern and Western religions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jdegree\j\b\i. \Bcomparatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcompare\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to judge or note the similarities or differences of: 'let us \Icompare\j\b\i our answers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to represent as similar or like: 'you could \Icompare\j\b\i me to Einstein'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcannot compare with\j\b\i, 'the film \Icannot compare with\j\b\i the book' (= is not as good as).
\Bcompare notes\j\b\i, 'they \Icompared notes\j\b\i on the party' (= exchanged ideas, feelings). \Bcompare\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, comparison or equal; \Bcomparable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipra-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able or suitable to be compared. \Bcompare, contrast\j\b\i are very useful words which complement each other. If you \Icompare\j\b\i chimpanzees \Ito\j\b\i humans, you focus on the similarities between the two species, and if you \Icompare\j\b\i chimpanzees \Iwith\j\b\i humans, you focus on both similarities and differences. However, if you \Icontrast\j\b\i chimpanzees \Iwith\j\b\i humans, you focus on the differences between them.
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\Hcomparison\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1parr\j\b\ii-s'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of comparing. b) the state of being compared.
\CX12.\j\b\i likeness or similarity: 'there is no \Icomparison\j\b\i between them'.
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\Hcompartment\h
\Pnoun\p a) any of several separate parts or divisions of a structure: 'he keeps everything in separate \Icompartments\j\b\i in his brain'. b) any separate space or area: 'a luggage \Icompartment\j\b\i'.
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\Hcompass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\ipus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument used to find direction, having a magnetised needle which points to magnetic north.
\CX12.\j\b\i an instrument for drawing circles, consisting of two rods, one pointed and the other holding a marker, hinged together at one end. Also called a \Bpair of compasses\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i the range or limits of anything: 'the wide \Icompass\j\b\i of her voice made her a unique singer'. \Bcompass\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to surround.
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\Hcompassion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pash\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a strong feeling of understanding, pity or sympathy for the sufferings of another. \Bcompassionate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcompassionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jpity\j\b\i.
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\Hcompatible\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1patt\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i well suited or able to exist together in harmony: 'our political ideas are not \Icompatible\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i able to use the same operating system. \Bcompatibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompatibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompatriot\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1patt\j\b\iri-ut \Pnoun\p a person from the same country as oneself.
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\Hcompel\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcompelled\j\b\i, \Bcompelling\j\b\i)
to force: 'heavy rain \Icompelled\j\b\i us to cancel the picnic'. \Bcompelling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, forceful.
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\Hcompendium\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcompendiums\j\b\i or \Bcompendia\j\b\i
a detailed or comprehensive summary. \Bcompendious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcompensate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipen-sate \Pverb\p to make up for something: 'payment could not \Icompensate\j\b\i for the damage'. \Bcompensatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kompen-\CX1say\j\b\ita-ree \Ior\j\b\i kom-\CX1pen\j\b\isa-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icompensare\j\b\i to counterbalance
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\Hcompensation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kompen-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of compensating. b) something which compensates: 'the injured worker was given \Icompensation\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i any behaviour which attempts to make up for a weakness or sense of inferiority.
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\Hcompere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipair \Pnoun\p a person who introduces each item in a radio or television programme, variety show, etc. \Bcompere\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcompete\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom\CX1peet\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take part in a competition or contest: 'small shops cannot \Icompete\j\b\i with the low prices of supermarkets'. \Bcompetitor\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1pett\j\b\iita), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompetent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipa-t'nt \Padjective\p having the ability, power or qualifications to do something: 'are you \Icompetent\j\b\i to drive such a powerful car?'. \Bcompetence\j\b\i, \Bcompetency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompetition\h
\Isay\j\b\i kompa-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any activity in which people try to outdo or defeat each other: a) 'a wrestling \Icompetition\j\b\i'; b) 'there was fierce \Icompetition\j\b\i between countries for the trade contract'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the person or group that one opposes in a competition: 'your \Icompetition\j\b\i in this race is very weak'. \Bcompetitive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1pett\j\b\ia-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or involving competition; \Bcompetitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcompile\h
\Pverb\p to collect and put together a number of things, especially to form a book, etc: 'the index was \Icompiled\j\b\i and arranged by a computer'. \Bcompilation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kompa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icompilare\j\b\i to cram together hastily
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\Hcomplacent\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1play\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p self-satisfied or smug: 'the \Icomplacent\j\b\i speech did not please the angry audience'. \Bcomplacently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomplacence\j\b\i, \Bcomplacency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcom-\j\b\i + Latin \Iplacere\j\b\i to please
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\Hcomplain\h
\Pverb\p to talk of or express dissatisfaction, pain, etc: 'they have \Icomplained\j\b\i to the police about the threats'. \Bcomplainingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomplainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcom-\j\b\i + Latin \Iplangere\j\b\i to bewail
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\Hcomplainant\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a plaintiff.
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\Hcomplaint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an expression or statement of discontent, pain, etc: 'have you any \Icomplaints\j\b\i about the meal, Sir?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an illness: 'measles is usually quite a mild \Icomplaint\j\b\i'.
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\Hcomplaisant\h
\Padjective\p agreeable or compliant. Compare \Jcomplacent\j\b\i.
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\Hcomplement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipli-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which completes or makes something else whole: 'this volume is the \Icomplement\j\b\i to the set'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the full or total number or amount: 'the ship's \Icomplement\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the number of degrees that must be added to an acute angle to make it a right angle. \BComplementary angles\j\b\i add up to a right angle and each is the complement of the other. b) all the elements in the universal set except those in the given set.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word or words which complete the meaning of a phrase or sentence. \IExample:\j\b\i the present made him \Ihappy\j\b\i. \Bcomplement\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcomplementary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bcompliment\j\b\i.
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\Hcomplete\h
\Padjective\p having all its parts: 'a \Icomplete\j\b\i replica of the house'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the story is now \Icomplete\j\b\i' (= finished).
b) 'he is a \Icomplete\j\b\i fool' (= in every way).
c) 'the \Icomplete\j\b\i play had to be rewritten' (= whole). \Bcomplete\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make whole or perfect, b) to finish or bring to an end; \Bcompletely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompleteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompletion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1plee\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of making complete: 'the \Icompletion\j\b\i of the bridge took five years'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being complete: 'when the project reaches \Icompletion\j\b\i all employees will be dismissed'.
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\Hcomplex\h
\Padjective\p intricate or complicated: 'a \Icomplex\j\b\i design'.
\Bcomplex\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything made up of different, connected parts: 'a shopping \Icomplex\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i any mental state resulting from past and sometimes repressed experiences.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a \Icomplex\j\b\i about her weight' (= obsession). \Bcomplexity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcomplexion\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1plek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the natural appearance or colour, especially of the skin: 'the new baby has a rosy, healthy \Icomplexion\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the quarrel changed the \Icomplexion\j\b\i of their relationship' (= appearance, nature).
b) 'his new job put a new \Icomplexion\j\b\i on the affair' (= appearance).
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\Hcompliant\h
\Padjective\p See \Jcomply\j\b\i.
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\Hcomplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipli-kate \Pverb\p to make something difficult to do, understand, etc: 'do not \Icomplicate\j\b\i the argument with new ideas'.
\Bcomplicated\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) difficult. b) made up of many parts: 'a \Icomplicated\j\b\i legal document'. \Bcomplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a difficulty, b) something which complicates.
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\Hcomplicity\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pliss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being a partner in wrongdoing: 'the driver of the get-away van was charged with \Icomplicity\j\b\i in the robbery'.
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\Hcompliment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipli-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an expression of praise or respect: 'the chef received many \Icompliments\j\b\i for the delightful meal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) greetings or kind wishes: 'give my \Icompliments\j\b\i to your mother'. \Bcompliment\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcomplimentary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) expressing a compliment, b) free of charge. \Bcompliment\j\b\i is often confused with \Bcomplement\j\b\i because the two words sound alike although they have different meanings. Such words are called homonyms. There are many such pairs of words in English, e.g. bale/bail, currant/current, dessert/desert, elicit/illicit, fair/fare, gait/gate, heir/air, hangar/hanger, knead/need, leak/leek, mantel/mantle, muscle/mussel, pain/pane, principal/principle, quay/key, stationary/stationery, waive/wave.
to do what is asked or demanded: 'all competitors will \Icomply\j\b\i with the rules'. \Bcompliant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, willing to comply; \Bcompliantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompliance\j\b\i, \Bcompliancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcomponent\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1po\j\b\i-nent \Pnoun\p anything which forms part of a whole system or thing: 'an engine has many \Icomponents\j\b\i'.
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\Hcomport\h
\Pverb\p to conduct or behave: 'the duchess \Icomported\j\b\i herself with her usual dignity'.
\Bcomport with\j\b\i, 'such frivolity does not \Icomport with\j\b\i your age' (= suit). \Bcomportment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompose\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make up or form: 'the class is \Icomposed\j\b\i of 24 students'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put words, ideas, notes, etc. together in literary or musical form.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i to typeset.
\CX14.\j\b\i to control or make calm: 'you must \Icompose\j\b\i your thoughts before answering the question.'
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Icompose\j\b\i your differences' (= settle, reconcile). \Bcomposer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who composes music, etc.; \Bcomposedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomposure\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1po\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier), \Inoun\j\b\i, calmness or self-control.
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\Hcomposite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipa-zit \Padjective\p made up of different parts.
\Bcomposite\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something made up of different parts, such as the heads of some flowers which are made up of many small flowers. \Bcompositely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompositeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcomposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i kompa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of composing: 'the \Icomposition\j\b\i of the symphony took 3 years'. b) something which is composed: 'it was his last but greatest \Icomposition\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the way something is composed: 'she studies the \Icomposition\j\b\i of the earth's atmosphere'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an essay.
\CX14.\j\b\i an agreement or settlement, especially by compromise.
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\Hcompositor\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1pozz\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a person who typesets.
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\Hcompost\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-posst \Pnoun\p a mixture of decaying plant matter put in the soil to fertilise it.
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\Hcomposure\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1po\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p See \Jcompose\j\b\i.
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\Hcompote\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipot \Pnoun\p a dish of stewed fruit.
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\Hcompound (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipound \Padjective\p made up of two or more parts, actions, etc.: 'blackberry is a \Icompound\j\b\i word'.
\Bcompound\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything made up of combined parts, such as a chemical substance consisting of two or more elements.
\CX11.\j\b\i to put parts together to form a whole.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Icompounded\j\b\i his crime by lying about it' (= made greater).
\CX12.\j\b\i to settle a quarrel, etc. by mutual agreement.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to agree not to prosecute or punish, in return for payment: 'to \Icompound\j\b\i a felony'.
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\Hcompound (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipound \Pnoun\p an enclosed area with buildings, used as a residence for workers, a prison during war, etc.
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\Hcompound interest\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i See \Jinterest\j\b\i.
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\Hcomprehend\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipri-hend \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to understand or know fully: 'can you \Icomprehend\j\b\i the importance of what has happened?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to include: 'the book \Icomprehends\j\b\i many new ideas'. \Bcomprehendingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcomprehensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i kompri-\CX1hen\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p able to be comprehended. \Bcomprehensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomprehensibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kompri-hensa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcomprehension\h
\Isay\j\b\i kompri-\CX1hen\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act or power of understanding: 'for you to make such an obvious mistake is beyond my \Icomprehension\j\b\i'.
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\Hcomprehensive\h
\Padjective\p inclusive or detailed in content: 'this newspaper gives \Icomprehensive\j\b\i reports on sporting events'. \Bcomprehensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcomprehensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompress\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom\CX1press\j\b\i \Pverb\p to press closely together or force into a smaller space: 'the sardines were \Icompressed\j\b\i into tins'.
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a soft pad of material held against the body or a wound, especially to apply pressure. \Bcompressor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which compresses, such as a machine for compressing gases; \Bcompression\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompression ratio\h
the ratio of the volume of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to the volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke.
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\Hcomprise\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1prize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to consist or be composed of: 'the book \Icomprises\j\b\i essays on eight famous historians'.
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\Hcompromise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\ipra-mize \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to settle differences by each side giving up something and receiving less than it asked for: 'the strike was settled when both the government and the unions \Icompromised\j\b\i on the matter of wage increases'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to expose to danger, suspicion, etc: 'do not \Icompromise\j\b\i your position by acting foolishly'.
\Bcompromise\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a settlement by compromising.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is halfway between, or combines different things: 'the new job represented a \Icompromise\j\b\i between her abilities and her expectations'.
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\Hcomptometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i kom-\CX1tomm\j\b\ia-ta \Pnoun\p old name for a mechanical calculating machine. a trademark
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\Hcomptroller\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'mp-\CX1tro\j\b\i-la \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcontroller\j\b\i
a person appointed to check spending in a business or organisation.
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\Hcompulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of compelling or forcing: 'there is no \Icompulsion\j\b\i for you to come with us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being compelled or forced: 'she felt a great \Icompulsion\j\b\i to sneeze'.
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\Hcompulsive\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pul\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p having an uncontrollable urge or desire: 'a \Icompulsive\j\b\i gambler'. \Bcompulsively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcompulsory\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pul\j\b\isa-ree \Padjective\p forced or required: 'English lessons are \Icompulsory\j\b\i for all pupils'. \Bcompulsorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcompulsoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcompunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1punk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a feeling of regret or uneasiness caused by guilt or shame: 'she felt no \Icompunction\j\b\i in hitting the burglar'.
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\Hcompute\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pewt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to find an answer by calculating mathematically. \Bcomputation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of computing, b) the amount computed.
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\Hcomputer\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'm-\CX1pewt\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an electronic machine which stores and uses information to produce a result. It can process a vast quantity of complex data very quickly. See \Janalogue computer\j\b\i and \Bdigital computer\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that computes.
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\Hcomputer-aided design\h
short form is \BCAD\j\b\i (\Irhymes with\j\b\i sad)
the use of computers, through various software programs, to create, view and modify the two- and three-dimensional screen images used in the design of scientific, engineering and architectural models.
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\Hcomputer-aided manufacturing\h
short form is \BCAM\j\b\i
the use of computers, through various software programs, to organise and control machines for the purposes of manufacturing goods.
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\Hcomputer literacy\h
the ability to understand the basic functions and principles of computer hardware and software and be able, therefore, to use a computer satisfactorily.
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\Hcomputer system\h
an integrated collection of hardware, peripherals and software generally used for a specific purpose, e.g. an office workstation.
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\Hcomrade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\irad \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kom\j\b\i-rade \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a close or loyal friend.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fellow member of a trade union or political party, especially a communist party. \Bcomradeship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \Icamarada\j\b\i room-mate
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\Hcon (1)\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bcontra-\j\b\i
an argument or person against something. See \Jpro (1)\j\b\i. \Bcon\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, against or in opposition to.
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\Hcon (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bconned\j\b\i, \Bconning\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to trick or swindle. \Bcon\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. short form of \Bconfidence trick\j\b\i
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\Hcon (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bconned\j\b\i, \Bconning\j\b\i)
to study or learn thoroughly: 'have you \Iconned\j\b\i your part in the play yet?'.
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\Hcon (4)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a convict.
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\Hcon-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bcom-\j\b\i.
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\Hconcatenate\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1katt\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to link together in a series or chain. \Bconcatenation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconcave\h
\Padjective\p curved inwards like the inner surface of a hollow sphere. Compare \Jconvex\j\b\i.
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\Hconceal\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1seel\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep from view or discovery: 'the cupboard \Iconcealed\j\b\i a hole in the wall'. \Bconcealment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconcede\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to admit or allow an argument, claim, etc.: '\Iconcede\j\b\i defeat or die'.
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\Hconceit\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1seet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a very high opinion of oneself or one's abilities: 'he is too full of \Iconceit\j\b\i to be likable'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILiterature:\j\b\i an exaggerated or elaborate metaphor, simile, etc. \Bconceited\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconceitedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconceitedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconceive\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to form, hold or imagine an idea, opinion, etc.: 'it is difficult to \Iconceive\j\b\i of such wealth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become pregnant. \Bconceivable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be conceived or believed; \Bconceivably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconcentrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isen-trate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to direct one's thoughts or actions towards something: 'how can I \Iconcentrate\j\b\i with all this noise?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring or come towards a central point: '\Iconcentrate\j\b\i the troops in the mountainous areas'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make or become more intense, stronger, purer, etc.
\Bconcentration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of concentrating: 'this puzzle needs close \Iconcentration\j\b\i'. b) the state of being concentrated: 'the \Iconcentration\j\b\i of alcohol in beer varies between countries'. \Bconcentrate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a concentrated form of something.
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\Hconcentration camp\h
a place where political prisoners, refugees, etc. are held, especially the Nazi camps of World War 2.
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\Hconcentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p (of circles or spheres, etc.) having a common centre.
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\Hconcept\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-sept \Pnoun\p an idea, especially one generalised from various instances: '\Iconcepts\j\b\i of right or wrong'. \Bconceptual\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sep\j\b\i-tew'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconceptually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconceptualise\j\b\i, \Bconceptualize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconception\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of conceiving.
\CX12.\j\b\i an idea or thought: 'they had little \Iconception\j\b\i of the importance of their act'.
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\Hconcern\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sern\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to be of interest or importance to: 'it is a problem which \Iconcerns\j\b\i only the family'. b) to interest or involve: 'you should not \Iconcern\j\b\i yourself'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to cause worry or unhappiness: 'her illness has \Iconcerned\j\b\i us gravely over the months'. b) to be worried or unhappy about: 'we were \Iconcerned\j\b\i about her illness'.
\Bconcern\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is of interest or importance: 'his private actions are no \Iconcern\j\b\i of mine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an anxiety or worry: 'her reply was full of pity and \Iconcern\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any business or enterprise: 'the farm is a small, fruit-growing \Iconcern\j\b\i'.
\Bconcerning\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
about: 'have you heard any more \Iconcerning\j\b\i the accident'.
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\Hconcert\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isert \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public performance by musicians, singers, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an agreement or harmony: 'residents were in \Iconcert\j\b\i against the new airport'.
to do together or in agreement: 'let's \Iconcert\j\b\i our efforts'. \Bconcerted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, planned or decided in union.
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\Hconcertina\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsa-\CX1tee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small accordion, played by pressing buttons at each end.
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\Hconcertmaster\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i the leader of the first violins and therefore, by custom, the leader of the orchestra.
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\Hconcerto\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1cher\j\b\itoe \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a composition, usually in three contrasting movements, having one or more parts for solo instruments.
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\Hconcession\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of conceding or yielding.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything conceded or granted: 'the government made no \Iconcession\j\b\i to the trade unions'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a right or privilege granted by a government, institution, etc.: 'student \Iconcessions\j\b\i for cheap travel'.
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\Hconch\h
\Isay\j\b\i konch \Pnoun\p the spiral shell of a marine mollusc. Latin \Iconcha\j\b\i
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\Hconchology\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of shells and shellfish.
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\Hconcierge\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-see-\CX1air\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the doorkeeper or porter of a hotel, block of flats, etc. French
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\Hconciliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to gain goodwill, support or favour by friendly acts: 'he tried to \Iconciliate\j\b\i his wife by buying her flowers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reconcile or bring into harmony: 'an arbitrator should try to \Iconciliate\j\b\i opposing factions in a dispute'. \Bconciliator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconciliatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sill\j\b\iia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconciliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconcise\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sise\j\b\i \Padjective\p giving much clear information in few words: 'a detailed but \Iconcise\j\b\i speech'. \Bconcisely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconciseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconclave\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a private or secret meeting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a meeting of cardinals. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Iclavis\j\b\i a key
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\Hconclude\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring or come to an end: 'the meeting \Iconcluded\j\b\i with a short speech'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come or bring to a final decision or settlement: a) 'the treaty was \Iconcluded\j\b\i with the formal signing by all parties'; b) 'the judge \Iconcluded\j\b\i that the prisoner was guilty'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to deduce: 'he \Iconcluded\j\b\i that he was not going to get his way'.
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kloo\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p final and leaving no doubt: 'the fingerprints in the house were \Iconclusive\j\b\i proof of his guilt'. \Bconclusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconcoct\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kokt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make or create by preparing and mixing: 'to \Iconcoct\j\b\i a home-made soup'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iconcocted\j\b\i an excuse for being late' (= invented). \Bconcoction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which has been concocted.
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\Hconcomitant\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1komm\j\b\ii-t'nt \Padjective\p being together or in accompaniment with: 'pain and weakness are \Iconcomitant\j\b\i with that illness'. \Bconcomitant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which accompanies; \Bconcomitantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconcomitance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconcord\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-kord \Pnoun\p any agreement or harmony between persons or things. \Bconcordant\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kor\j\b\id'nt), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconcordance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) harmony or agreement, b) an index of important words in a book.
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\Hconcordat\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1kor\j\b\idat \Pnoun\p a formal pact or agreement, especially one between the Pope and a government concerning control of church affairs.
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\Hconcourse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a crowd or throng of people.
\CX12.\j\b\i an open area where people meet or assemble: 'the airport \Iconcourse\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a moving or coming together: 'the island was situated at the \Iconcourse\j\b\i of the two rivers'.
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\Hconcrete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-kreet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mixture of cement, sand, water and minerals which sets very hard and is used for building, etc. Compare \Jmortar (2)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any solid or hardened mass formed by the joining of particles: 'the dentist filled the tooth with a plastic \Iconcrete\j\b\i'.
\Bconcrete\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having physical existence: 'trees are \Iconcrete\j\b\i objects but ideas are not'.
\CX12.\j\b\i specific or particular: 'give me a \Iconcrete\j\b\i example'.
\Bconcrete\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ikreet) to lay concrete.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon\CX1kreet\j\b\i) to form or grow into a solid mass. \Bconcretion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kree\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of concreting, b) a solid mass formed by concreting; \Bconcretely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconcubine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-kew-bine \Pnoun\p a mistress or secondary wife, as in some Eastern societies. \Bconcubinage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1kew\j\b\ibi-nij), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Icumbere\j\b\i to lie
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\Hconcupiscence\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kew\j\b\i-piss'nce \Pnoun\p any abnormally strong desire, usually sexual. \Bconcupiscent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i intersecting at one point. \Bconcurrently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconcurrence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconcussion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1kush\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a temporary injury to the brain due to a sudden shock, such as a fall or blow, and causing headache, dizziness, blurred vision, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any violent shock caused by a blow, explosion, etc.: 'the \Iconcussion\j\b\i of the bomb blast stunned the city'. \Bconcuss\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iconcussus\j\b\i shaken violently
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\Hcondemn\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1dem\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make a judgement against: 'the murderer was \Icondemned\j\b\i to life imprisonment'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the old houses were \Icondemned\j\b\i by the council' (= declared unfit for use).
b) 'the accident \Icondemned\j\b\i him to a wheelchair for many years' (= forced). \Bcondemnation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kondem-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcondemnatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1dem\j\b\ina-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcondense\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to reduce in volume or make more dense: 'the newspaper gave a \Icondensed\j\b\i account of the election speech'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a gas or vapour) to change or be changed into a liquid.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of light) to focus upon an object. \Bcondensation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i konden-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or process of condensing, b) something which is condensed. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Idensus\j\b\i crowded
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\Hcondenser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device or apparatus which condenses.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lens system used to gather and concentrate light upon an object, as in a microscope.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a capacitor.
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\Hcondescend\h
\Isay\j\b\i kondi-\CX1send\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to voluntarily or graciously accept a lower position, duty, etc.: 'the Queen \Icondescended\j\b\i to visit our exhibition'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do something in an ungracious or patronising manner: 'they actually \Icondescended\j\b\i to wash the dishes!' \Bcondescension\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kondi-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcondescendingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Idescendere\j\b\i to come down
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\Hcondiment\h
\Pnoun\p anything used to flavour or season foods, such as spices, pickles, etc.
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\Hcondition\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular state or circumstances of a person or thing: 'the house is in a very neglected \Icondition\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my father has a slight heart \Icondition\j\b\i' (= ailment).
\CX12.\j\b\i something which another thing depends on or is limited by: 'there are no \Iconditions\j\b\i attached to the free offer'.
\Bon condition that\j\b\i, 'you may stay up late \Ion condition that\j\b\i you don't make any noise' (= only if).
\Bcondition\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to limit or regulate: 'book publishing is \Iconditioned\j\b\i by paper supplies'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make fit, healthy, etc: 'dry hair should be \Iconditioned\j\b\i with this herbal oil'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i to create responses to stimuli which would not normally produce such responses. \Bconditioner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that conditions. Latin \Icondicio\j\b\i an agreement
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\Hconditional\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1dish\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i containing or depending on conditions: 'the sale is \Iconditional\j\b\i on getting a bank loan'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not absolutely definite or certain: 'let us make a \Iconditional\j\b\i date for the meeting and confirm it later'.
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\Hconditioning\h
\Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a method of learning in which a response (called a \Bconditioned reflex\j\b\i) comes to be associated with a stimulus which would normally not produce that response. This result may be achieved through a system of reward and punishment.
\Bconditioned\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of an action) being learned as a result of conditioning.
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\Hcondolence\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1doe\j\b\i-l'nce \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a declaration of sympathy: 'please accept our \Icondolences\j\b\i for your father's death'. \Bcondole\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcondolent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Idolens\j\b\i grieving
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\Hcondom\h
\Pnoun\p a thin sheath of rubber worn over the penis in sexual intercourse, used as a contraceptive and to prevent the transmission of sexual diseases.
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\Hcondominium\h
\Isay\j\b\i konda-\CX1minn\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) joint sovereignty. b) a country under joint sovereignty.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a building in which home units or town houses are purchased rather than rented. b) an apartment in such a building.
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\Hcondone\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pardon or forgive: 'we cannot \Icondone\j\b\i violence in any society'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make up for: 'being charming and friendly cannot \Icondone\j\b\i his selfishness'. \Bcondonation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i konda-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icondonare\j\b\i to forgive
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\Hcondor\h
\Pnoun\p a very large American vulture.
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\Hconducive\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1dew\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p helpful in producing: 'hot weather is \Iconducive\j\b\i to laziness'. \Bconduce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\idukt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person's behaviour or way of acting: 'his drunken \Iconduct\j\b\i at the party was disgraceful'.
\CX12.\j\b\i management or guidance: 'the \Iconduct\j\b\i of a large business is very tiring'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to behave: 'he \Iconducted\j\b\i himself very badly at the party'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to control, direct or manage: a) 'to \Iconduct\j\b\i a business'; b) 'to \Iconduct\j\b\i an orchestra'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to lead or direct: 'latecomers were \Iconducted\j\b\i to the back seats'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to carry or transmit: 'electricity is \Iconducted\j\b\i along wires to each house'.
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\Hconduction\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1duk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the carrying or transmitting of something along or through a body, especially energy such as heat and electricity. Compare \Jconvection\j\b\i.
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\Hconductivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i konduk-\CX1tivv\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the ability of a substance to conduct energy such as light, sound or electric current. \Bconductive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconductor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who conducts, directs or leads: 'the \Iconductor\j\b\i of an orchestra'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person in charge of passengers, collecting fares, etc., on public transport: 'a bus \Iconductor\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a body which will allow a particular type of energy to flow through it: 'a lightning \Iconductor\j\b\i'. \Bconductress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of conductor.
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\Hconduit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-dit \Pnoun\p a) a pipe or channel, such as a drain. b) a protective tube covering electrical wires.
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\Hcone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid or hollow body with a curved or circular base which narrows to a point.
\CX12.\j\b\i any object or device with this shape: 'an ice-cream \Icone\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a reproductive structure of seed-bearing parts arranged spirally around the centre, as in pine cones.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a hill composed of volcanic ash or lava.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the light-sensitive cells in the retina of higher animals, used for seeing colour and very fine detail. Compare \Jrod\j\b\i. \Bconic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1konn\j\b\iik), \Bconical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconfab\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bconfabulation\j\b\i
a friendly conversation or chat. \Bconfabulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconfection\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a sweet.
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\Hconfectioner\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fek\j\b\i-sh'na \Pnoun\p a person who makes or sells sweets, cakes, ice-creams, etc.
\Bconfectionery, confectionary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) any or all sweets. b) a shop where sweets are sold or made.
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\Hconfederacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fedd\j\b\iera-see \Pnoun\p a group of people or nations joined for a common cause: 'all building trade unions have formed a \Iconfederacy\j\b\i'.
\CX11.\j\b\i an ally or accomplice: 'a \Iconfederate\j\b\i in crime'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican history:\j\b\i a soldier fighting for the independence of the eleven southern States which seceded from the Union during the Civil War (1861-65). \Bconfederate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bconfederation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconfer\h
\Pverb\p (\Bconferred\j\b\i, \Bconferring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to give or award: 'a medal was \Iconferred\j\b\i upon him for bravery'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discuss or exchange opinions: 'the lawyers \Iconferred\j\b\i for several minutes before answering'. \Bconferment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconference\h
\Pnoun\p a meeting for discussion or exchange of opinions: 'will we attend the dental \Iconference\j\b\i in London?'.
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\Hconfess\h
\Pverb\p to say or admit something: 'he \Iconfessed\j\b\i to having stolen four bicycles in one week'.
a) the act of confessing. b) something which is confessed. \Bconfessor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or receives a confession; \Bconfessional\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a small stall in a church where priests hear confessions. Latin \Iconfessus\j\b\i declared
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\Hconfetti\h
plural \Pnoun\p the small pieces of coloured paper thrown into the air at weddings, celebrations, etc. Italian \Iconfetto\j\b\i a sweet or candy
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\Hconfidant\h
\Isay\j\b\i konfi-\CX1dant\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person with whom secret or private matters are discussed. \Bconfidante\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of confidant.
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\Hconfide\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fide\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to trust with a secret: 'she \Iconfided\j\b\i to me that her husband has a criminal record'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to place in somebody's keeping: 'the youngest pupils were \Iconfided\j\b\i to the care of the most experienced teacher'. \Bconfidingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Ifides\j\b\i trust
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\Hconfidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ifi-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a firm trust: 'he has full \Iconfidence\j\b\i in the surgeon who will perform the operation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sureness or trust in oneself: 'the \Iconfidence\j\b\i of her violin playing was remarkable for a 10-year-old'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a secret: 'she isn't the sort of person who exchanges \Iconfidences\j\b\i'.
\Bin confidence\j\b\i, 'he mentioned it \Iin\j\b\i strict \Iconfidence\j\b\i' (= as a secret or private matter). \Bconfident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, sure or certain; \Bconfidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconfidence man\h
a person who tricks or defrauds by gaining other people's confidence.
#
\Hconfidence trick\h
a fraud carried out by first gaining a person's confidence.
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\Hconfidential\h
\Isay\j\b\i konfi-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i secret or private: '\Iconfidential\j\b\i documents must be kept in the safe'.
\CX12.\j\b\i entrusted with secret or private matters: 'a \Iconfidential\j\b\i secretary'. \Bconfidentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconfidentiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i konfi-denshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconfiguration\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-fig-yoo-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the arrangement of all the elements and details within a form: 'the painting was a \Iconfiguration\j\b\i of circles, squares and triangles'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the relative positions of the atoms of a molecule in space.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the height and shape of a section of the earth's surface.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i See \Jaspect\j\b\i. \Bconfigurative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fig\j\b\i-yoora-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconfine\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to restrict or limit: 'please \Iconfine\j\b\i your remarks to the subject being discussed'. \IUsage:\j\b\i 'difficult prisoners are \Iconfined\j\b\i in a separate part of the prison' (= shut away, enclosed).
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a limit or boundary: 'the child was forbidden to leave the \Iconfines\j\b\i of the garden'.
\Bconfinement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of confining.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being imprisoned: 'he was sentenced to solitary \Iconfinement\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the period when a woman is in bed during childbirth.
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\Hconfirm\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to show something to be true or correct: 'there were no facts to \Iconfirm\j\b\i his theory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to approve formally or make valid: 'the Director's letter \Iconfirmed\j\b\i her appointment as supervisor'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to strengthen or make firm: 'the reprimand merely \Iconfirmed\j\b\i his negative attitude'. \Bconfirmation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of confirming, b) something which confirms, such as proof or evidence; \Bconfirmable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconfirmatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to confirm.
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\Hconfiscate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ifi-skate \Pverb\p to take or seize by authority: 'the drugs discovered on the ship were \Iconfiscated\j\b\i by Customs officers'. \Bconfiscation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconflagration\h
\Isay\j\b\i konfla-\CX1gray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a huge, destructive fire.
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\Hconflict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\iflikt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a battle or struggle: 'two hundred soldiers died in the \Iconflict\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the opposition of two forces or things: 'the \Iconflict\j\b\i of ideas in the debate was very stimulating'.
to be or come into opposition: 'his modern ideas \Iconflict\j\b\i with the old-fashioned policies of the school'. Latin \Iconflictus\j\b\i dashed together
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\Hconfluence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ifloo-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the flowing together of two streams. b) the place where they meet.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large gathering of people or things. \Bconfluent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a stream which joins another; \Bconfluent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconform\h
\Pverb\p to be or act in agreement or accordance, especially with rules, customs, etc.: 'the architect's plan must \Iconform\j\b\i to building regulations'.
\Bconformity\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an agreement, similarity or correspondence: 'the findings of the two scientists were in \Iconformity\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any action or behaviour which follows the attitudes, customs or rules of others: 'this school teaches \Iconformity\j\b\i to old-fashioned values'. \Bconformist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who conforms. Latin \Iconformare\j\b\i to shape
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\Hconformation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konfa-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the structure, shape or form of a thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of conforming or adapting.
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\Hconfound\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to confuse or bewilder completely: 'she was \Iconfounded\j\b\i by the unexpected news'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fail to distinguish between: 'don't \Iconfound\j\b\i economy with stinginess'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) to defeat or overthrow: 'the strategy \Iconfounded\j\b\i the enemy'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (used to express annoyance): '\Iconfound\j\b\i this screwdriver!'.
\Bconfounded\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) damned: 'you're a \Iconfounded\j\b\i nuisance'. \Bconfoundedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HconfrΦre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-frair \Pnoun\p a colleague or fellow member. \Bcon-\j\b\i + French \IfrΦre\j\b\i brother
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\Hconfront\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1frunt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to be, come or bring face to face with: 'the detective \Iconfronted\j\b\i the suspect with the stolen goods'. \Bconfrontation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-frun-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of confronting or opposing, especially in a hostile manner; \Bconfrontational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconfuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1fewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to puzzle or bewilder: 'her complicated road directions always \Iconfuse\j\b\i me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mistake one thing for another: 'he \Iconfused\j\b\i question 6 with question 7 in the exam'. \Bconfusedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a confused manner; \Bconfusingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a manner which is likely to cause confusion; \Bconfusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1few\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of confusing, b) the state of being confused, c) disorder. Latin \Iconfusus\j\b\i mixed, jumbled
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\Hconfute\h
\Pverb\p to prove to be wrong or incorrect: 'the prosecutor \Iconfuted\j\b\i the defence argument'. \Bconfutation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcongeal\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1jeel\j\b\i \Pverb\p to change from a liquid to a solid or semi-solid state.
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\Hcongenial\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1jeen\j\b\ii'l \Padjective\p pleasant or agreeable. \Bcongenially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcongeniality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-jeeni-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcongenital\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1jenn\j\b\ii-t'l \Padjective\p of or relating to any condition acquired at or before birth but not through heredity.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a \Icongenital\j\b\i dislike of insurance salesmen' (= deep-rooted). \Bcongenitally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Igenitus\j\b\i born
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\Hconger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p short form of \Bconger eel\j\b\i
a large eel, found especially along rocky coastlines.
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\Hcongest\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1jest\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become overcrowded or too full: 'traffic \Icongested\j\b\i the main city streets during peak hour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i to accumulate too much fluid in an organ, especially blood in the blood vessels or mucus in the lungs. \Bcongestion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icongestus\j\b\i heaped up
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\Hconglomerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1glomm\j\b\ia-rit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something composed of different or random things, such as a large company which incorporates many different sorts of businesses.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a sedimentary rock formed of rounded pebbles deposited in or by water and cemented together. \Bconglomerate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1glomm\j\b\ia-rate), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bconglomeration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of conglomerating, b) any conglomerate collection.
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\Hcongratulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1grat\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to express pleasure at another's success or good fortune: 'he \Icongratulated\j\b\i her on her exam results'. \Bcongratulatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1grat\j\b\i-yoola-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcongregate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\igri-gate \Pverb\p to come together in a group: 'a small crowd \Icongregated\j\b\i at the scene of the accident'. \Bcongregation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of congregating, b) a gathering or assembly, as of people in a church.
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\Hcongress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal meeting of people with similar interests, for discussion of problems, etc.: 'a world \Icongress\j\b\i of political scientists'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the body of elected representatives in America, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
\CX13.\j\b\i sexual intercourse. \Bcongressional\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1gresh\j\b\ien'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icongressus\j\b\i a coming together
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\Hcongruent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-groo-ent \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i agreeing in nature or qualities.
\CX12.\j\b\i identical in every aspect: '\Icongruent\j\b\i triangles coincide exactly if they are superimposed'. \Bcongruently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcongruence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icongruens\j\b\i running together
\IMaths:\j\b\i a curve formed by the intersection of a plane with a cone, being an \Bellipse\j\b\i, \Bparabola\j\b\i or \Bhyperbola\j\b\i according to the inclination of the intersecting plane to the axis of the cone.
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\Hconifer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1konn\j\b\iifa \Pnoun\p any of a group of trees with naked seeds, usually in cones, such as the pine or fir. \Bconiferous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1niff\j\b\ierus), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, cone-bearing
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\Hconjecture\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1jek\j\b\icher \Pverb\p to guess or make a judgement without sufficient evidence. \Bconjecture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconjectural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconjoin\h
\Pverb\p to join together or unite. \Bconjoint\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconjointly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconjugal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-joo-g'l \Padjective\p relating to marriage. \Bconjugally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconjugality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-joo-\CX1gall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iconjugis\j\b\i of a wife
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\Hconjugate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-joo-gate \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-joo-git \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i joined in pairs.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i reciprocally related or interchangeable with respect to certain properties. \Bconjugate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, either of a pair of conjugate qualities. Latin \Iconjugare\j\b\i to yoke together
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\Hconjugation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-joo-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i the inflections of a \Pverb\p which express its tense, number, person, etc., especially in a language such as Latin. \IExample: I have\j\b\i (= first person) becomes \Ihe has\j\b\i (= third person), \II had\j\b\i (= past tense), \Ihaving\j\b\i (= participle), etc. Compare \Jdeclension\j\b\i. \Bconjugate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ijoo-gate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to list the inflections of a \Pverb\p.
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\Hconjunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1junk\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of joining or combining. b) the state of being joined: 'the police worked in \Iconjunction\j\b\i with the health department to fight the plague'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a strange \Iconjunction\j\b\i of events' (= simultaneous occurrence).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a joining or linking word, such as \Iand\j\b\i or \Ibut\j\b\i. Also called a \Bconjunctive\j\b\i. \Bconjunctive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, joined or joining.
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\Hconjunctivitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-junkti-\CX1vie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an infection of the membrane (called the \Bconjunctiva\j\b\i) which lines the eyelids and covers the front of the eyeball.
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\Hconjure\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kun\j\b\ija) to summon or produce by or as if by magic: 'the magician \Iconjured\j\b\i a rabbit from his hat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1joor\j\b\i) to appeal solemnly or earnestly to: 'whatever happens, I \Iconjure\j\b\i you to keep silent'.
\Bconjure up\j\b\i, 'the music \Iconjured up\j\b\i a vision of the sea' (= evoked, brought to mind). \Bconjurer\j\b\i, \Bconjuror\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a magician.
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\Hconk\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the nose. b) a sharp blow.
\Bconk\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to strike or hit: 'she \Iconked\j\b\i me on the head'.
\Bconk out\j\b\i, 'my car \Iconked out\j\b\i halfway up the hill' (= stopped).
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\Hcon-man\h
\Pnoun\p a confidence man.
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\Hconnect\h
\Pverb\p to join or be joined: '\Iconnect\j\b\i the batteries to the wires and switch the radio on'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'is your telephone \Iconnected\j\b\i yet?' (= in operation).
b) 'I never thought you would be \Iconnected\j\b\i with the crime' (= involved).
c) 'this train \Iconnects\j\b\i with an express to the city' (= meets).
d) 'I did not \Iconnect\j\b\i the two names' (= bring together mentally).
\Bconnection, connexion\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of connecting. b) the state of being connected.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that connects: 'the \Iconnection\j\b\i between the two gas pipes broke'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an international carrier service for illicit goods.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he says he has \Iconnections\j\b\i in high places' (= influential friends).
b) 'in what \Iconnection\j\b\i did he mention me?' (= context). \Bconnectedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconning tower\h
the superstructure of a submarine, which serves as an observation tower as well as an entrance.
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\Hconnive\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to plot or conspire: 'the trainer and the jockey \Iconnived\j\b\i to lose the race'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to encourage or allow wrongdoing by pretending not to notice it. \Bconnivance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iconnivere\j\b\i to shut the eyes
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\Hconnoisseur\h
\Isay\j\b\i konna-\CX1sir\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who is experienced and discriminating in a particular field, especially the arts. Old French, one who knows
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\Hconnote\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1note\j\b\i \Pverb\p to suggest or imply. \Bconnotation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jdenote\j\b\i.
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\Hconnubial\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-biul \Padjective\p of or relating to marriage.
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\Hconquer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ika \Pverb\p to defeat or overcome, e.g. to gain control of territory, etc. \Bconqueror\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconquest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\ikwest \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of conquering: 'the \Iconquest\j\b\i of the mountain region cost many lives'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is conquered: 'Gaul was one of Caesar's \Iconquests\j\b\i'.
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\Hconquistador\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1kwist\j\b\ia-dor \Pnoun\p plural is \Bconquistadores\j\b\i
\IHistory:\j\b\i a title given to Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
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\Hconsanguinity\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsan-\CX1gwinn\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a relationship by descent from a common ancestor. Compare \Jaffinity\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Isanguis\j\b\i blood
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\Hconscience\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-sh'nce \Pnoun\p a person's sense of right and wrong, especially in relation to his own actions and motives.
\Bon one's conscience\j\b\i, 'his failure to save the child was always \Ion his conscience\j\b\i' (= in his mind causing guilty feelings). \Bconscionable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1konsh\j\b\iena-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, according to conscience. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Isciens\j\b\i knowing do not confuse with \Bconscious\j\b\i.
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\Hconscientious\h
\Isay\j\b\i konshi-\CX1en\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p scrupulous or painstakingly careful: 'she is a \Iconscientious\j\b\i worker'. \Bconscientiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconscientiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconscientious objector\h
a person who refuses to do military service because of religious or moral beliefs.
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\Hconscious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p awake: 'the mother wanted to stay \Iconscious\j\b\i during her baby's birth'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was \Iconscious\j\b\i of a faint smell of burning' (= aware).
b) 'his action was a \Iconscious\j\b\i attempt to conceal the truth' (= deliberate). \Bconsciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconsciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bconscience\j\b\i.
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\Hconscript\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1skript\j\b\i \Pverb\p to call up or enlist recruits for compulsory military service.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has \Iconscripted\j\b\i me for yet another of her tasks' (= forced to work). \Bconscript\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-skript), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is conscripted; \Bconscription\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconsecrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isi-krate \Pverb\p to dedicate to a special or sacred purpose: 'she \Iconsecrated\j\b\i her life to music'. \Bconsecration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconsecutive\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sek\j\b\i-yootiv \Padjective\p following without interruption: 'she missed school on four \Iconsecutive\j\b\i days'. \Bconsecutively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Isecutus\j\b\i followed \Bconsecutive\j\b\i, \Bsuccessive\j\b\i both refer to things following one another, but \Iconsecutive\j\b\i refers to following in an arranged or logical order, whereas \Isuccessive\j\b\i refers to any sequence: 'these two paragraphs are not \Iconsecutive\j\b\i'; '\Isuccessive\j\b\i invasions destroyed the country's economy'.
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\Hconsensus\h
\Pnoun\p a general agreement: 'there was a \Iconsensus\j\b\i of opinion at the meeting that the treasurer should resign'.
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\Hconsent\h
\Pverb\p to agree, accept or give permission.
\Bconsent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any permission or agreement.
\Bage of consent\j\b\i
\ILaw:\j\b\i the age at which it is legal for a person to marry, or for a girl to have sexual intercourse. \Bconsentingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconsequence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isi-kw'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an effect or result: 'lung cancer is a possible \Iconsequence\j\b\i of smoking'.
\CX12.\j\b\i importance or distinction: 'he was a man of some \Iconsequence\j\b\i in the business world'. \Bconsequent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, following as a result; \Bconsequential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i konsi-\CX1kwen\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) consequent, b) self-important.
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\Hconsequently\h
\Padverb\p as a result or therefore. \Bconsequently\j\b\i, \Bsubsequently\j\b\i both mean afterwards, but \Iconsequently\j\b\i means following as a result of, whereas \Isubsequently\j\b\i means merely following in time or order: 'his car broke down and \Iconsequently\j\b\i he missed the appointment' (= therefore); 'in the novel the hero \Isubsequently\j\b\i dies' (= later).
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\Hconservation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsa-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of conserving.
\CX12.\j\b\i the preservation of natural environments, especially by the wise use of resources.
\Bconservation of energy\j\b\i, the law that within a given system the total quantity of energy is constant. \Bconservationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an advocate or promoter of conservation of natural resources. \Bconservation\j\b\i is an example of an existing word which has taken on a new, or rather a more specific, meaning. Originally referring to the conserving of anything at all it became, in the latter part of the 20th century, specifically associated with conserving the environment.
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\Hconservative\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ser\j\b\iva-tiv \Padjective\p opposed to any great or sudden change: 'a \Iconservative\j\b\i political party'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Iconservative\j\b\i estimate' (= moderate).
b) 'a \Iconservative\j\b\i style of dress' (= sober and traditional). \Bconservative\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of conservative ideas; \Bconservatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconservatism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cautious approach to new ideas or changes.
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\Hconservatorium\h
\Isay\j\b\i kon-serva-\CX1taw\j\b\irium \Pnoun\p also called a \Bconservatoire\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-serva-\CX1twa\j\b\i)
a school of music.
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\Hconservatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ser\j\b\iva-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a glass-covered area in which plants in bloom are displayed.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a conservatorium.
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\Hconserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1serve\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep something valuable, especially to prevent it being wasted or used up: 'during the drought the public was urged to \Iconserve\j\b\i water'.
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sidd\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to think or deliberate in order to decide: 'the committee will \Iconsider\j\b\i all applications for the new post'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'John \Iconsiders\j\b\i himself to be a genius' (= believes).
b) '\Iconsider\j\b\i the cheapness of the meal before you complain about it' (= take into account). \Bconsiderable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, great; \Bconsiderably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconsiderate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sidd\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p thoughtful of other people's feelings and needs: 'she is very \Iconsiderate\j\b\i of older people'. \Bconsiderately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconsideration\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-sidda-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of considering: 'after careful \Iconsideration\j\b\i we signed the lease'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she shows no \Iconsideration\j\b\i for her parents' (= respect).
b) 'the main \Iconsideration\j\b\i in his decision was the pay' (= factor).
\CX12.\j\b\i any payment or compensation for a service, etc.: 'he will do the job for a small \Iconsideration\j\b\i'.
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\Hconsign\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sine\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hand over formally: 'the orphan was \Iconsigned\j\b\i to the care of a foster-mother'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to forward and deliver goods. \Bconsignment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of consigning, b) anything which is consigned.
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\Hconsist\h
\Pverb\p to be made up of: 'the mixture \Iconsists\j\b\i of three eggs, two cups of milk and a tablespoon of sugar'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the main idea of the film \Iconsists\j\b\i in trying to shock the audience' (= exists, lies).
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\Hconsistency\h
\Pnoun\p consistence \CX11.\j\b\i any agreement or correspondence between things: 'your statement shows no \Iconsistency\j\b\i with what you said yesterday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the density or texture of something: 'whip the eggs until they have a fluffy \Iconsistency\j\b\i'. \Bconsistent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconsistently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconsolation prize\h
a prize given to the runner-up in a competition.
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\Hconsole (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sole\j\b\i \Pverb\p to lessen grief or distress: 'her husband \Iconsoled\j\b\i her after she lost her job'. \Bconsolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of consoling, b) something which consoles; \Bconsolatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1soll\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Isolari\j\b\i to comfort
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\Hconsole (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-sole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the case which encloses the keyboard, stops, etc. of an organ.
\CX12.\j\b\i a panel of keys, switches, etc. from which a computer, machine, etc. is operated.
\CX13.\j\b\i a radio, radiogram or television cabinet designed to rest on the floor.
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\Hconsolidate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1soll\j\b\ii-date \Pverb\p to strengthen or make solid: 'you must \Iconsolidate\j\b\i the gains you have already made'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the two companies decided to \Iconsolidate\j\b\i rather than compete' (= unite, merge). \Bconsolidation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HconsommΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isa-may \Ior\j\b\i kon-\CX1somm\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a clear, thin soup made from meat juices.
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\Hconsonant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isa-nant \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i a) a sound \Ppronoun\pced with partial or complete blockage of the breath. b) any of the letters of the alphabet expressing these sounds, being all those except a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y. Compare \Jvowel\j\b\i.
\Bconsonant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
in agreement or accord: 'his behaviour is not \Iconsonant\j\b\i with his beliefs'. \Bconsonantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconsonance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconsort (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-sort \Pnoun\p a husband or wife, especially of a reigning monarch.
to keep company: 'the police encouraged the informer to \Iconsort\j\b\i with criminals'.
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\Hconsort (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-sort \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a performing group of instrumentalists or singers.
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\Hconsortium\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sor\j\b\iti-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a temporary combination of banks or corporations to carry out some large-scale financial operation.
\CX12.\j\b\i any partnership. Latin, partnership
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\Hconspicuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1spik\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p easily seen or standing out very clearly: 'the brightly coloured dress made her \Iconspicuous\j\b\i in the crowd'.
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\Hconspire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to plan secretly to do something unlawful: 'they \Iconspired\j\b\i to defraud their business partner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to combine or act together: 'everything \Iconspired\j\b\i to make the wedding a happy event'. \Bconspiracy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1spirr\j\b\ia-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, a plot; \Bconspirator\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1spirr\j\b\ii-ta), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who conspires; \Bconspiratorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-spirra-\CX1taw\j\b\i-riul), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iconspirare\j\b\i to breathe together
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\Hconstable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kun\j\b\ista-b'l \Pnoun\p a police officer below the rank of sergeant.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i persistent or not changing: 'the \Iconstant\j\b\i din of pneumatic drills at the construction site'.
\CX12.\j\b\i loyal or faithful: 'a \Iconstant\j\b\i puppy'.
\Bconstant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a number, quantity or factor which does not change. \Bconstantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconstancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconstellation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsta-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i any pattern into which stars are grouped and according to which they are named, such as the Southern Cross.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i the position of the stars at the time of one's birth, which is said to influence one's character.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iconstellation\j\b\i of ideas in a novel' (= grouping).
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\Hconsternation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsta-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p sudden dismay or confusion: 'to her great \Iconsternation\j\b\i she saw an elephant on the doorstep'. \Bconsternate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to dismay or terrify.
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\Hconstipation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsti-\CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a difficulty in emptying the bowels. \Bconstipate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bconstipated\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Istipare\j\b\i to press together
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\Hconstituent\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1stit\j\b\i-yew'nt \Padjective\p forming a necessary part of a whole: 'oxygen and hydrogen are the \Iconstituent\j\b\i elements of water'.
\Bconstituent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a necessary part of a whole.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person living in an electorate, who is entitled to vote in an election. \Bconstituency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a body of electors, b) the area in which they live.
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\Hconstitute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isti-tewt \Pverb\p to make up or form: a) 'seven days \Iconstitute\j\b\i a week'; b) 'we'll \Iconstitute\j\b\i a complaints committee'.
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\Hconstitution\h
\Isay\j\b\i konsti-\CX1tew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of constituting.
\CX12.\j\b\i the way something is constituted: 'the \Iconstitution\j\b\i of a molecule usually includes two or more atoms'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has the \Iconstitution\j\b\i of an ox' (= strength or health).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i the group of laws or principles on which the government of a country is based.
\Bconstitutional\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a walk for the sake of one's health. \Bconstitutional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconstitutionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconstrain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to compel by physical or moral force: 'he was \Iconstrained\j\b\i by conscience to confess his crime'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to confine in bonds: 'she \Iconstrained\j\b\i the vicious dog by chaining it to a tree'. \Bconstraint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) compulsion, b) restriction.
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\Hconstrict\h
\Pverb\p to draw together or compress: 'she tied a handkerchief round his arm to \Iconstrict\j\b\i the artery'. \Bconstriction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconstrictive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to constrict.
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\Hconstruct\h
\Pverb\p to make or put together in a careful or intricate way: 'the new bridge was \Iconstructed\j\b\i under the supervision of an engineer'.
\Bconstruction\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of constructing. b) something which has been constructed, such as a building.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what \Iconstruction\j\b\i do you put on her statement?' (= meaning, explanation).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the arrangement of words into phrases or sentences. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Istructus\j\b\i built
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\Hconstructive\h
\Padjective\p tending to construct or be helpful: 'he usually gives \Iconstructive\j\b\i criticism'.
to interpret or explain: 'how would you \Iconstrue\j\b\i his meaning?'.
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\Hconsul\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p official sent to a foreign country to look after people from his or her own country. Compare \Jambassador\j\b\i and \Blegation\j\b\i. \Bconsular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconsulate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the offices and official home of a consul.
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\Hconsult\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to seek advice from: 'she \Iconsulted\j\b\i a doctor about her sore leg'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discuss or exchange views: 'we \Iconsulted\j\b\i for several hours before reaching a decision'. \Bconsultation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a meeting in order to consult.
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\Hconsultant\h
\Pnoun\p a person who gives expert or professional advice, such as a surgeon, engineer, etc.
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\Hconsume\h
\Pverb\p to use or absorb all of something: 'the job \Iconsumed\j\b\i all his strength'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the fire \Iconsumed\j\b\i the house' (= destroyed).
b) 'we \Iconsumed\j\b\i a huge meal' (= ate).
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\Hconsumer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person who buys goods or services.
\CX12.\j\b\i any organism which obtains energy by eating another.
\Bconsumer goods\j\b\i, goods bought for personal or domestic use.
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\Hconsumerism\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the theory that a greater consumption of goods and services leads to a more active economy.
\CX12.\j\b\i the desire to accumulate, or practice of accumulating, large quantities of consumer goods.
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\Hconsummate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\isa-mate \Pverb\p to make complete or perfect. \Bconsummation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconsummate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1sum\j\b\imit), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconsummately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconsumption\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1sump\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of consuming. b) the amount that is consumed: 'this car has a very high petrol \Iconsumption\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i any wasting disease, especially tuberculosis of the lungs. \Bconsumptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontact\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a touching or communication.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that provides communication with or between others.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i any device which completes or breaks a circuit.
\Bcontact\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put or bring into contact.
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\Hcontact lens\h
a small, thin, curved disc of glass or plastic with a central lens, which is worn directly on the eyeball instead of spectacles.
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\Hcontact print\h
\IPhotography:\j\b\i a print made by placing a negative directly on to sensitised paper and exposing it to light, so that the print is the same size as the negative.
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\Hcontagious\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tay\j\b\ijus \Padjective\p able to be spread or passed on easily: 'a \Icontagious\j\b\i disease'. \Bcontagiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcontagiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact of being contagious; \Bcontagion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tay\j\b\ijen), \Inoun\j\b\i, the passing on of a disease, bad influence, undesirable idea, etc. from one person or thing to another. Latin \Icontagio\j\b\i a contact infection See \Jinfection\j\b\i.
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\Hcontain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have inside: 'this book \Icontains\j\b\i 10 pages'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to check or restrain: 'she \Icontained\j\b\i her emotions'.
\Bcontainment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or policy of preventing the expansion of hostile powers, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the prevention, in uranium processing, of release, even under conditions of a reactor accident, of unacceptable quantities of radioactive material beyond a controlled zone. Latin \Icontinere\j\b\i to hold together
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\Hcontainer\h
\Pnoun\p any object, such as a tin, etc., in which objects are carried or stored.
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\Hcontainerise\h
\Pverb\p containerize to equip ships, etc. to carry goods in large containers of a standard size. \Bcontainerisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontaminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tamm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to pollute or make impure. \Bcontamination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcontaminant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which contaminates.
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\Hcontemplate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\item-plate \Pverb\p to look at or think about: a) 'she \Icontemplated\j\b\i the painting'; b) 'I am \Icontemplating\j\b\i leaving my job'. \Bcontemplation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of contemplating, b) religious or spiritual meditation; \Bcontemplative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tem\j\b\ipla-tiv), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises religious meditation; \Bcontemplative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icontemplari\j\b\i to gaze on
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\Hcontemporaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-tempa-\CX1ray\j\b\inius \Padjective\p occurring at the same time.
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\Hcontemporary\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tem\j\b\ipara-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i living, existing or occurring in the same period.
\CX12.\j\b\i of the present time: 'this shop sells \Icontemporary\j\b\i furniture'.
\Bcontemporary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person living at the same time or having the same age as another.
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\Hcontempt\h
\Pnoun\p a feeling of scorn or utter dislike.
\Bcontempt of court\j\b\i, (\ILaw\j\b\i) the act of showing disrespect to a court, often by disobeying its commands.
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\Hcontemptible\h
\Padjective\p deserving contempt: '\Icontemptible\j\b\i behaviour'. \Bcontemptibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcontemptible, contemptuous\j\b\i have meanings that complement each other. \IContemptible\j\b\i means deserving contempt or loathing: 'bullying is \Icontemptible\j\b\i behaviour'. \IContemptuous\j\b\i means expressing contempt or loathing for someone or something: 'although poor, he was \Icontemptuous\j\b\i of all those poorer than himself'.
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\Hcontemptuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1temp\j\b\i-tewus \Padjective\p showing contempt: 'he is \Icontemptuous\j\b\i of all authority'. \Bcontemptuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jcontemptible\j\b\i.
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\Hcontend\h
\Pverb\p to struggle or strive for: 'which teams will \Icontend\j\b\i for the cup?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I still \Icontend\j\b\i that I was right' (= argue). \Bcontender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontent (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-tent \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) anything which is contained in something: 'the \Icontents\j\b\i of a parcel'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is the \Icontent\j\b\i of butterfat in milk?' (= amount).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a list of topics or chapters in a book.
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\Hcontent (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tent\j\b\i \Padjective\p satisfied or willing: 'I am \Icontent\j\b\i to wait'. \Bcontent\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make content; \Bcontentedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcontentment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontention\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dispute: 'it is a matter of \Icontention\j\b\i whether motor cars are dangerous or not'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a point of view: 'it is my \Icontention\j\b\i that motor cars are dangerous'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of contending. \Bcontentious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing contention; \Bcontentiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcontest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-test \Pnoun\p a competition: 'a \Icontest\j\b\i of strength'.
to take part in a contest or argument. \Bcontestant\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1test\j\b\i'nt), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who takes part in a contest; \Bcontestable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontext\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-tekst \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the circumstances, facts, etc. which surround something.
\CX12.\j\b\i the words or phrases which are connected with and accompany a particular word or passage. \Bcontextual\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-\CX1tekst\j\b\i-yew'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontiguous\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tig\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p very close or connected. \Bcontiguity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kontig-\CX1yew\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icontiguus\j\b\i touching
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\Hcontinent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\iti-nent \Pnoun\p a large, unbroken land mass, such as Europe, Asia, etc.
\Bcontinent\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having self-control, especially over one's body. \Bcontinental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i konti-\CX1nen\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a continent; \Bcontinence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin (\Iterra\j\b\i) \Icontinens\j\b\i continuous land
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\Hcontinental drift\h
the theory that the continents of the world are fractured parts of a single land mass, and are moving very slowly over the earth's surface.
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\Hcontinental shelf\h
the gently sloping, shallow area around the coast of a continent.
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\Hcontingency\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-j'n-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being uncertain or dependent on chance.
\CX12.\j\b\i an event which is uncertain or subject to chance: 'we must be prepared for all \Icontingencies\j\b\i of the weather'. Latin \Icontingens\j\b\i touching closely
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\Hcontingent\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i dependent: 'the result is \Icontingent\j\b\i on each player's fitness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i uncertain or happening by chance.
\Bcontingent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a group representing a larger one: 'a \Icontingent\j\b\i of troops'.
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\Hcontinual\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p occurring without stopping or only with short breaks. \Bcontinually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bcontinual\j\b\i, \Bcontinuous\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IContinual\j\b\i describes something which happens all or most of the time, whereas \Icontinuous\j\b\i refers to something which has no break between its beginning and its end.
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\Hcontinue\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yoo \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to go onwards or further in a particular activity or state: 'it \Icontinued\j\b\i to rain all day'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to start again after a break: 'we will \Icontinue\j\b\i the meeting after lunch'. \Bcontinuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontinuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i konti-\CX1new\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being continuous or in a logical sequence.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i the process of making sure that all parts of a movie are consistent, such as costumes or scenery.
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\Hcontinuo\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yoo-o \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a bass accompaniment, usually played by a keyboard instrument.
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\Hcontinuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p occurring without a break: 'a \Icontinuous\j\b\i roll of drums'. \Bcontinuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcontinuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jcontinual\j\b\i.
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\Hcontinuum\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yoo-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a continuous range between two extremes: 'in society the rich and the poor are at opposite ends of a \Icontinuum\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i all rational and irrational numbers.
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\Hcontort\h
\Pverb\p to twist or bend out of the normal shape: 'father's face was \Icontorted\j\b\i with rage'. \Bcontortion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontortionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tor\j\b\i-sh'nist \Pnoun\p an acrobat who performs gymnastic feats involving unusual or contorted postures.
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\Hcontour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-toor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the outline of a figure or body.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a line on a map joining points which are an equal height above sea-level. Also called a \Bcontour line\j\b\i.
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\Hcontour map\h
\IGeography:\j\b\i a map on which land forms are shown by a pattern of contours.
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\Hcontra-\h
a prefix meaning against or opposite, as in \Icontraception\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hcontraband\h
\Pnoun\p any articles forbidden to be brought into or taken out of a country. \Bcontra-\j\b\i + Italian \Ibando\j\b\i ban
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\Hcontraception\h
\Isay\j\b\i kontra-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the methods or process of preventing pregnancy. \Bcontraceptive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any device or drug used for contraception; \Bcontraceptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bcontra-\j\b\i + (con)\Bception\j\b\i
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\Hcontract\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trakt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to draw together or make smaller.
\CX12.\j\b\i to get or incur: 'she \Icontracted\j\b\i many debts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shortened form of a word which ends in the same letter as the word itself, as in \IMr\j\b\i for \IMister\j\b\i. Compare \Jabbreviation\j\b\i.
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\Hcontractile\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trak\j\b\i-tile \Padjective\p capable of contracting.
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\Hcontractor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who agrees to supply goods or services for a named price.
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\Hcontradict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\itra-dikt \Pverb\p to assert the opposite or deny. \Bcontradiction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcontradictory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bcontra-\j\b\i + Latin \Idicere\j\b\i to say
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\Hcontralto\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trahl\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jalto\j\b\i.
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\Hcontraption\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trap\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an elaborate device or gadget.
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\Hcontrapuntal\h
\Isay\j\b\i kontra-\CX1pun\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i of or relating to counterpoint.
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\Hcontrary\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kont\j\b\ira-ree) opposite or opposed: '\Icontrary\j\b\i to all advice she sold the house'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trair\j\b\i-ree) perverse or wilful: 'she is very \Icontrary\j\b\i and refuses to do what she is told'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an obvious difference, such as between colours in a photograph, etc. \Bcontra-\j\b\i + Latin \Istare\j\b\i to stand See \Jcompare\j\b\i.
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\Hcontravene\h
\Isay\j\b\i kontra-\CX1veen\j\b\i \Pverb\p to come into conflict with: 'his behaviour often \Icontravenes\j\b\i the law'. \Bcontravention\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kontra-\CX1ven\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcontretemps\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\itra-tom \Pnoun\p an annoying, embarrassing or unfortunately timed mishap. French, out of time (in music)
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\Hcontribute\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yoot \Pverb\p to give, especially with others: 'have you \Icontributed\j\b\i money to the appeal?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the mistake \Icontributed\j\b\i to his embarrassment' (= added). \Bcontribution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of contributing, b) something which is contributed or given; \Bcontributor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that contributes; \Bcontributory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yoo-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontrite\h
\Padjective\p sorry or repentant. \Bcontritely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcontrition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icontritus\j\b\i bruised
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\Hcontrivance\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1try\j\b\i-v'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mechanical device.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or manner of contriving.
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\Hcontrive\h
\Pverb\p to plan, plot or find a way of doing something: 'let's \Icontrive\j\b\i not to argue any more'. \Bcontrivance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to have power over, especially to restrain: 'I cannot \Icontrol\j\b\i my temper'.
\Bcontrol\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of controlling.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the device used to operate a machine, vehicle, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a standard of comparison for checking experimental results. \Bcontrollable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontroller\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i See \Jcomptroller\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i anyone who controls something.
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\Hcontroversy\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1trovv\j\b\ia-see \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\itra-ver-see \Pnoun\p a prolonged argument or difference of opinion. \Bcontroversial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kontra-\CX1ver\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing controversy.
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\Hcontumacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-tewma-see \Pnoun\p a stubborn or wilful disobedience of authority. \Bcontumacious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kon-tew-\CX1may\j\b\i-shus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontumely\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-tewm-lee \Pnoun\p any insulting treatment. \Bcontumelious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kontew-\CX1meel\j\b\iius), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcontusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1tew\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a bruise.
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\Hconundrum\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1nun\j\b\i-dr'm \Pnoun\p a puzzle, especially a riddle whose answer is a pun.
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\Hconurbation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konna-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a large urban area formed by a group of towns growing towards and meeting each other. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Iurbs\j\b\i city
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\Hconvalescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i konva-\CX1less\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p a) the gradual recovery after an accident, illness, operation, etc. b) the time this takes. \Bconvalesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bconvalescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcon-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivalescere\j\b\i to grow strong
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\Hconvection\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the transferring of heat in a liquid or gas, due to the lighter parts rising and the denser parts sinking. Compare \Jadvection\j\b\i and \Bconduction\j\b\i. \Bconvectional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconvene\h
\Pverb\p to call or bring together, e.g. for a public meeting: 'the committee will \Iconvene\j\b\i on Friday'. \Bconvener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who summons people together for a meeting.
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\Hconvenient\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vee\j\b\ini-ent \Padjective\p useful or suitable for a purpose, especially in aiding comfort or ease: 'a \Iconvenient\j\b\i bus-stop outside the house'.
\Bconvenience\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the state of being convenient or suitable. b) a convenient time: 'please call in at your own \Iconvenience\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an appliance or useful device, such as a toilet. \Bconveniently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconvent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-v'nt \Pnoun\p a) a community of nuns. b) the buildings in which they live. Latin \Iconventus\j\b\i assembly
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\Hconvention\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ven\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal meeting, especially one of representatives brought together to make decisions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any generally accepted rule or practice, especially for social behaviour.
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\Hconventional\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ven\j\b\isha-n'l \Padjective\p based on tradition or convention. \Bconventionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bconventionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a tendency to be conventional, b) something which is a convention; \Bconventionalise\j\b\i, \Bconventionalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or represent as conventional.
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\Hconverge\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1verj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to meet at a common point: 'we \Iconverged\j\b\i on the picnic area'. \Bconvergence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconvergent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hconversant\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ver\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p having knowledge of: 'are you \Iconversant\j\b\i with all the rules of the game?'.
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\Hconversation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konva-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an informal exchange of words. \Bconversational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconversationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconverse (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1verse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to talk informally.
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\Hconverse (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-verse \Pnoun\p something which is the opposite of another. \Bconverse\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconversely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconvert\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change into a different form, etc.: '\Iconvert\j\b\i 1 kilometre into metres'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause to change to another way of life, belief, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to use another's property, usually a motor vehicle, unlawfully.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to add a goal to a Rugby try by kicking the ball over the crossbar of the goalposts. \Bconvert\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-vert), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has been converted; \Bconversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bconverter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i a) a person or thing that converts, b) \IElectronics:\j\b\i a device that changes electrical signals from one form into another, such as when an analogue signal is changed into a digital signal.
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\Hconvertible\h
\Padjective\p capable of being converted.
\Bconvertible\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a motor car with a hood which can be folded back or a roof which can be removed.
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\Hconvex\h
\Padjective\p curved outwards like the outer surface of a sphere. Compare \Jconcave\j\b\i.
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\Hconvey\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to carry or communicate: 'can you \Iconvey\j\b\i this message for me?'. \Bconveyor\j\b\i, \Bconveyer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mechanical device for moving objects.
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\Hconveyance\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vay\j\b\i-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or means of conveying: 'pamphlets are for the \Iconveyance\j\b\i of ideas'. b) anything which carries or conveys, such as a vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the transfer of land from one owner to another. \Bconveyancing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconvict\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vikt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \ILaw:\j\b\i to declare a person guilty of a crime, especially after a trial. \Bconvict\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kon\j\b\i-vikt), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person declared guilty of a crime, especially if in prison.
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\Hconviction\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong belief or opinion: 'it is my \Iconviction\j\b\i that the report is not true'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of convicting. b) the state of being convicted: 'he has had eight \Iconvictions\j\b\i for burglary'.
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\Hconvince\h
\Pverb\p to persuade by argument or evidence. \Bconvincing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bconvincingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jpersuade\j\b\i.
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\Hconvivial\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vivv\j\b\ii-ul \Padjective\p friendly and sociable. \Bconviviality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-vivvi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hconvocation\h
\Isay\j\b\i konva-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a meeting or assembly, especially one of Anglican clergy. \Bconvoke\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1voke\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vol\j\b\ivew-lus \Pnoun\p any of a group of climbing plants, with bell-shaped flowers.
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\Hconvoy\h
\Pnoun\p a formation of ships, vehicles, etc., often travelling with a protecting escort. \Bconvoy\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hconvulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'n-\CX1vul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a fit.
\CX12.\j\b\i any violent agitation, such as excessive laughter. \Bconvulse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shake or contort violently; \Bconvulsive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or produced by a convulsion.
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\Hcoo\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcooed\j\b\i, \Bcooing\j\b\i)
to make a soft, murmuring sound like a pigeon.
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\Hcooee\h
interjection \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a call used as a signal. originally used by Aborigines and later adopted by settlers
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\Hcook\h
\Pverb\p to prepare by heating, especially food.
\Bcook up\j\b\i, 'he has \Icooked up\j\b\i a new scheme' (= invented).
\Bcook\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who cooks, especially one employed to do so. \Bcookery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or practice of cooking; \Bcooker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an apparatus for heating or cooking.
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\Hcookie\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a sweet biscuit.
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\HCooktown orchid\h
a purple orchid. The floral emblem of Queensland.
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\Hcool\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i moderately cold.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we received a \Icool\j\b\i welcome' (= restrained, unenthusiastic).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) acceptable or pleasing.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of colour) towards bluish tones. \Bcool\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become cool; \Bcoolly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcoolness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being cool; \Bcooler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something which makes or keeps cool, b) (informal) a gaol; \Bcool\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a calm or relaxed self-control.
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\Hcoolabah\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of eucalypt.
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\Hcoolant\h
\Pnoun\p a substance used to remove heat from a primary source such as a reactor core. \Bcoolant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcoolie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often racist\j\b\i) (in India, China, etc.) an unskilled, low-paid native labourer.
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\Hcooling tower\h
a heat exchange device which transfers rejected heat from circulating water to the atmosphere.
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\Hcoon\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a raccoon.
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\Hcoop\h
\Pnoun\p a cage or pen for fowls, etc.
\Bcoop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to confine or shut in.
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\Hco-op\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cooperative.
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\Hcooper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or repairs barrels, tubs, etc. \Bcooperage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icupa\j\b\i cask
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\Hcooperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p co-operate to work together. \Bcooperation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcooperative\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1op\j\b\ira-tiv \Padjective\p co-operative helpful or willing to cooperate.
\Bcooperative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a group of people who cooperate in an activity or business by sharing work, goods, services, etc.
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\Hco-opt\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1opt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to elect or appoint to a group by the vote of existing members.
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\Hcoordinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1or\j\b\idi-nate \Pverb\p co-ordinate to bring or place parts in proper relation to each other.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the new supervisor tried to \Icoordinate\j\b\i the various sections of the factory' (= combine harmoniously).
\IMaths:\j\b\i a number that can be used to determine the position of a point, by reference to a set of axes, etc.
\Bcoordinate\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of equal rank or importance. \Bcoordination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoordinator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcoordinate bond\h
See \Jdative bond\j\b\i.
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\Hcoordinate geometry\h
See \Janalytical geometry\j\b\i.
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\Hcoot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various swimming birds with short wings and tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fool.
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\Hcop\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a police officer.
\Bcop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcopped\j\b\i, \Bcopping\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to receive: 'she \Icopped\j\b\i a terrible blow on the head'.
\Bcop out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go back on a promise or commitment.
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\Hcope (1)\h
\Pverb\p to manage: 'the young couple \Icoped\j\b\i very well'.
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\Hcope (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a long loose sleeveless cloak worn by Christian priests during processions, etc.
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\Hcopha\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-fa \Pnoun\p an edible fat extracted from coconut flesh and used in cooking. a trademark
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\Hcopier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kopp\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p See \Jcopy\j\b\i.
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\Hcoping\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-ping \Pnoun\p the protective top layer of a wall, designed to carry away water.
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\Hcopious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-pee-us \Padjective\p plentiful or abundant. \Bcopiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcopiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcopper (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 29, a ductile, malleable metal. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and is used in alloys. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coin made from or containing copper.
\CX13.\j\b\i a large old-fashioned vessel for boiling clothes.
\CX14.\j\b\i a lustrous, reddish-brown colour. \Bcopper\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcopper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a police officer.
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\Hcopperhead\h
\Pnoun\p a) a very poisonous, reddish-brown, front-fanged Australian snake, growing up to about 1.5{\shad \j\b\im long and found in the eastern States. b) an American viper.
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\Hcopperplate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an etching or engraving done on a flat copper surface. b) a print made from this.
\CX12.\j\b\i an elaborate, precise style of handwriting.
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\Hcoppersmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes copper articles.
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\Hcopra\h
\Pnoun\p the dried flesh of a coconut, used to make coconut oil.
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\Hco-processor\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a processor that supports the main microprocessor by performing special functions. For example, by performing calculations effectively a math co-processor allows the main processor to be used more productively in other tasks.
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\Hcopse\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcoppice\j\b\i
\IBritish:\j\b\i a small group or plantation of trees or bushes.
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\Hcopulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kop-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i sexual intercourse.
\CX12.\j\b\i the connecting of things. \Bcopulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcopy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i reproduction: 'please make a \Icopy\j\b\i of this letter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any specimen of a particular book, newspaper, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any material to be printed: 'we supplied the \Icopy\j\b\i to the printer'.
\Bcopy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcopied\j\b\i, \Bcopying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a copy of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to imitate. \Bcopier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or machine that makes copies. Latin \Icopia\j\b\i plenty
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\Hcopybook\h
\Pnoun\p a book with printed examples of handwriting for learners to copy.
\Bblot one's copybook\j\b\i, to ruin one's reputation or past record.
\Bcopybook\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
exactly according to the rules.
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\Hcopycat\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who copies the actions or words of another.
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\Hcopyright\h
\Pnoun\p also known as \B⌐\j\b\i
the exclusive right to distribute or control something original, such as the publication of a book, the performance of a play, etc. \Bcopyright\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to acquire a copyright for.
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\Hcopywriter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who writes copy for advertisements, etc.
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\Hcoquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i kokk-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a woman who flirts. \Bcoquetry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kokk\j\b\ii-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcoquettish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcoquettishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcor-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bcom-\j\b\i.
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\Hcoracle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\ia-k'l \Pnoun\p a small round or oval rowing boat made of animal skins or canvas stretched over a light wooden frame and formerly common in Wales, Ireland and western parts of England.
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\Hcoral\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a coloured, porous substance formed from the skeletons of polyps in tropical waters and often forming reefs. It is used in jewellery, ornaments, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale, reddish-yellow colour.
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\Hcor anglais\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor \CX1on\j\b\iglay also called an \BEnglish horn\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a long, thin double-reed wind instrument with a lower pitch than an oboe. French \Icor\j\b\i horn + \Ianglais\j\b\i English
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\Hcorbel\h
\Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a bracket projecting from a wall, especially one to support a beam.
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\Hcord\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong, thick string made by weaving or twisting several strands together.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ribbed fabric, especially corduroy.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of corduroy trousers.
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\Hcordage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\idij \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i any ropes and cords.
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\Hcordial\h
\Padjective\p polite or friendly.
\Bcordial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an essence made into a drink by adding water. \Bcordially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a cordial manner; \Bcordiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kordi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a friendly politeness. Latin \Icordialis\j\b\i from the heart
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\Hcordillera\h
\Isay\j\b\i kordil-\CX1yair\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a series of almost parallel mountain ranges. Spanish
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\Hcordite\h
\Pnoun\p a smokeless explosive prepared from cellulose nitrate and nitroglycerine, used as a propellant for bullets, artillery, etc.
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\Hcordon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line of troops, police, etc. guarding or enclosing an area.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cord, ribbon or sash worn as a badge of honour.
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\Hcordon bleu\h
\Isay\j\b\i kordon \CX1bler\j\b\i of the highest degree of excellence: '\Icordon bleu\j\b\i cookery'. French, blue ribbon, being the ribbon formerly worn by the highest order of French knighthood
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\Hcorduroy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\ida-roy \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kord\j\b\i-y'roy \Pnoun\p a ribbed pile fabric, usually of cotton.
\Bcorduroy road\j\b\i, \Btrack\j\b\i, one formed (especially in swampy ground) by laying logs transversely across the pathway.
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\Hcore\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the central or essential part: a) 'an apple \Icore\j\b\i'; b) 'we must get to the \Icore\j\b\i of the problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the dense, partly molten, central portion of the earth, beneath the mantle.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a cylinder of rock cut out by a drill and used for assays, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jreactor core\j\b\i. \Bcore\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to remove the core from; \Bcorer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cylindrical knife used for removing cores from fruit, etc.
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\Hcorella\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1rell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any of various white cockatoos living in open forests of inland Australia, also kept as a pet.
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\Hco-respondent\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the person with whom the respondent in a divorce case is said to have committed adultery.
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\Hcorgi\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \BWelsh corgi\j\b\i
either of two breeds of small, short-legged dogs with erect ears, bred as cattle-dogs and watch-dogs. Welsh \Icor-ci\j\b\i dwarf dog
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\Hcoriander\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1and\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a herb, the aromatic leaves and seeds of which are used in cooking and medicine. Greek \Ikoriannon\j\b\i
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\Hcoriolis force\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1ole\j\b\i-iss force \IWeather:\j\b\i a force which causes air currents to be deflected in the direction of their movement and causes the circular motion of tropical cyclones. after \IG. G. Coriolis\j\b\i, 1792-1843, a French mathematician
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\Hcork\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the tough, light bark of a variety of oak found in Mediterranean countries.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of this material used as a stopper for a bottle, etc. \Bcork\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fit with a cork.
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\Hcorkage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\ikij \Pnoun\p a charge made by a restaurant for opening and serving bottles of wine supplied by the customers.
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\Hcorkscrew\h
\Pnoun\p a pointed, spiral-shaped piece of metal for extracting the cork from a bottle.
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\Hcorm\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the fleshy, enlarged, underground base of a plant's stem, which acts as an organ of vegetative reproduction.
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\Hcormorant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\ima-r'nt \Pnoun\p also called a \Bshag\j\b\i
any of various large diving sea-birds with a long neck and a pouch under the beak in which fish are held. Old French \Icorp\j\b\i raven + \Imarenc\j\b\i of the sea
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\Hcorn (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general name for the seed of cereal plants, especially maize.
\CX12.\j\b\i a round, hard grain or particle.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a sentimental style of writing, etc. b) dated, old-fashioned humour.
\Bcorn\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to preserve meat in brine: 'will you \Icorn\j\b\i this beef?'.
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\Hcorn (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a hard area of skin, usually on the foot, caused by continual pressure or rubbing.
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\Hcorncob\h
\Pnoun\p the central, woody stem on which the kernels of maize grow.
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\Hcornea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kaw\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p the horny membrane which covers the front of the eyeball. Latin \Icornu\j\b\i horn
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\Hcornelian\h
\Pnoun\p carnelian a semi-transparent reddish chalcedony, used in jewellery, etc.
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\Hcorner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the point at which two edges, surfaces, etc. meet: 'a street \Icorner\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his lies got him into a \Icorner\j\b\i' (= difficult situation or position).
b) 'a quiet \Icorner\j\b\i of the world' (= region).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a free shot taken from a corner of the field in hockey or soccer.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcut corners\j\b\i, to take short cuts, especially in official procedure.
\Bround the corner\j\b\i, very close.
\Bcorner\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to turn a corner, especially in a vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i to get into a difficult or trapped situation: 'the cat finally \Icornered\j\b\i the mouse'.
\Bcorner the market\j\b\i, to have enough power or control to regulate price, production, etc.
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\Hcornerstone\h
\Pnoun\p a stone built into the corner of walls or foundations.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they claimed democracy to be the \Icornerstone\j\b\i of their society' (= basis, foundation).
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\Hcornet\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a brass wind instrument similar in appearance to a small trumpet.
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\Hcornflour\h
\Pnoun\p a starch made from wheat or maize, used to thicken sauces, etc.
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\Hcornflower\h
\Pnoun\p a small, blue, European flower.
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\Hcornice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\iniss \Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a) a moulding between a wall and the ceiling. b) a part of the structure just above a column.
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\Hcornucopia\h
\Isay\j\b\i kornew-\CX1ko\j\b\i-pee-a \Pnoun\p any unlimited supply. Latin \Icornu\j\b\i horn + \Icopiae\j\b\i of plenty, after a magical horn in Greek mythology providing unlimited supplies of food, etc.
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\Hcorny\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) sickly sentimental. b) dated, old-fashioned. c) weakly humorous.
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\Hcorolla\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1roll\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i all the petals of a flower. Latin, garland
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\Hcorollary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a natural consequence or result.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an additional theorem, which can be deduced from the theorem just proved.
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\Hcorona\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1ro\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the white halo around the sun, which is only seen during a total eclipse. Latin, crown
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\Hcoronary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\ien-ree \Padjective\p relating to the heart or the arteries which supply blood to it.
#
\Hcoronary occlusion\h
See \Jheart attack\j\b\i.
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\Hcoronation\h
\Isay\j\b\i korra-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the ceremony of crowning a king or queen.
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\Hcoroner\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\ia-na \Pnoun\p an official appointed by the government to make enquiries into any death that was not clearly due to natural causes. \Bcoronial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Anglo-Norman \Icorouner\j\b\i officer of the crown
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\Hcoronet\h
\Isay\j\b\i korra-\CX1net\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a small crown worn by a peer or peeress. b) a garland or ribbon of precious materials worn by women as part of a headdress.
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\Hcorporal (1)\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the body. \Bcorporally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcorporality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i korpa-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcorporal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces, ranking below a sergeant.
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\Hcorporal punishment\h
any physical punishment, especially whipping or flogging.
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\Hcorporate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\ipa-rit \Padjective\p united. \Bcorporately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcorporatise\j\b\i, \Bcorporatize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcorporation\h
\Isay\j\b\i korpa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an association of persons regarded in law as a single person, and formed to administer a city, public service, etc.
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\Hcorporeal\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1paw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p of or relating to physical matter, especially the body.
#
\Hcorps\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcorps\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i korz)
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a wartime army unit consisting of several divisions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any organised group: 'the diplomatic \Icorps\j\b\i'. French, body
#
\Hcorpse\h
\Pnoun\p a dead body, usually of a human being.
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\Hcorpulent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\i-pew-l'nt \Padjective\p fat or stout. \Bcorpulence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcorpus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korp\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p a large collection of something, especially all the writings of one author.
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\Hcorpuscle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\i-puss'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a blood cell.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small particle. \Bcorpuscular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1puss\j\b\i-kew-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Icorpusculum\j\b\i little body
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\Hcorral\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an enclosed area for horses, cattle, etc. \Bcorral\j\b\i (\Bcorralled\j\b\i, \Bcorralling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose in a corral. Spanish
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\Hcorrect\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free from error.
\CX12.\j\b\i in accordance with accepted standards: 'his behaviour is very \Icorrect\j\b\i'.
\Bcorrect\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make right or free of error.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please \Icorrect\j\b\i my essay' (= point out the errors in).
b) 'I shall \Icorrect\j\b\i him if it happens again' (= rebuke).
c) 'he \Icorrected\j\b\i the number to three decimal places' (=adjusted, altered). \Bcorrectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcorrectness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being correct; \Bcorrection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of correcting, b) an indication or alteration marked when correcting; \Bcorrectional\j\b\i, \Bcorrective\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bcorrective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something intended to correct.
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\Hcorrelate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to have or bring into relation. \Bcorrelation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, correct relation; \Bcorrelative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rell\j\b\ia-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcorrespond\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1spond\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be in agreement: 'his actions do not \Icorrespond\j\b\i with his ideas'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to communicate by writing letters.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be similar to: 'the British House of Commons \Icorresponds\j\b\i to the Australian House of Representatives'. \Bcorrespondent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who communicates by letters, b) a person employed by a newspaper, etc. to report regularly from another place or on a particular subject; \Bcorrespondingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in agreement.
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\Hcorrespondence\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1spon\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of corresponding or agreeing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of communicating by exchanging letters. b) letters exchanged between people.
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\Hcorridor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a passage linking several rooms on one floor of a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar passage or narrow strip: 'an air \Icorridor\j\b\i'.
#
\Hcorrie\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcirque\j\b\i
a hollow in the side of a hill or mountain, often containing a lake. Gaelic \Icoire\j\b\i cauldron
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\Hcorrigenda\h
\Isay\j\b\i korri-\CX1jen\j\b\ida plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bcorrigendum\j\b\i See \Jerrata\j\b\i.
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\Hcorroborate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1robb\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to confirm or support evidence, stories, etc. \Bcorroboration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcorroborative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1robb\j\b\iera-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, providing confirmation.
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\Hcorroboree\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1robb\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) a festive gathering of Aboriginals, often held at night. b) the tribal dance or dances performed at such a gathering. Aboriginal
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\Hcorrode\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rode\j\b\i \Pverb\p to eat away gradually, especially the surface of a metal by chemical action.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'fears and guilt \Icorroded\j\b\i his self-confidence' (= lessened). \Bcorrosive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of corroding; \Bcorrosion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1ro\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcorrugated iron\h
a sheet of iron or steel, usually galvanised, strengthened by parallel ridges or ripples and used on roofs, etc.
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\Hcorrugation\h
\Isay\j\b\i korra-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a ridge or furrow, e.g. on the surface of a road. \Bcorrugate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1korr\j\b\ia-gate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to bend or form into furrows. Latin \Icorrugatus\j\b\i wrinkled
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\Hcorrupt\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rupt\j\b\i \Padjective\p dishonest, evil or no longer innocent.
\Bcorrupt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to destroy the innocence or integrity of.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to make the data in disk or storage unreliable through alteration, error or electrical interference. \Bcorruptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcorruptible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcorruption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icorruptus\j\b\i broken in pieces
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\Hcorsage\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1sah\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a very small bouquet of flowers to be pinned to a dress. French
#
\Hcorsair\h
\Pnoun\p a) a North African pirate. b) a fast ship used by such pirates.
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\Hcorset\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgirdle\j\b\i
a stiffened, but elastic, piece of underwear, worn to shape or support the waist, abdomen or upper legs, especially by women. \Bcorsetry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\isa-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) any or all corsets, b) the process of making corsets. Old French, little body
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\Hcortege\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1tay\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p cortΦge \CX11.\j\b\i a procession, especially at a funeral.
\CX12.\j\b\i any attendants: 'the king and his \Icortege\j\b\i arrived'.
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\Hcortex\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcortices\j\b\i
an outer layer, such as the bark of a tree. \Bcortical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a cortex.
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\Hcorticosteroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i kortiko-\CX1sterr\j\b\ioid \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any of the fat-soluble hormones made by the cortex of the adrenal glands.
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\Hcortisone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\iti-zone \Pnoun\p a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands and having many functions, including the reduction of local inflammation.
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\Hcorundum\h
\Isay\j\b\i k'\CX1run\j\b\i-dum \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a very hard mineral (formula Al\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), used as a gem and as an abrasive. See \Jruby\j\b\i and \Bsapphire\j\b\i. Tamil \Ikurundum\j\b\i ruby
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\Hcorvette\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a small, fast vessel used to escort convoys, etc.
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\Hcos (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a type of lettuce with oblong, crisp leaves. first grown on \IKos\j\b\i, a Greek island
#
\Hcos (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jcosine\j\b\i.
#
\Hcosecant\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1see\j\b\i-k'nt \Pnoun\p short form is \Bcosec\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the reciprocal of sine. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i.
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\Hcosh\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy, usually flexible, weapon. \Bcosh\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hit with a cosh, especially on the head.
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\Hcosine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-sine \Pnoun\p short form is \Bcos\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the ratio of the length of the adjacent side of an angle to the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i.
#
\Hcosmetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i koz-\CX1mett\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p any product used to beautify or clean a part of the body, especially the face. \Bcosmetician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kozma-\CX1tish\j\b\iun), \Inoun\j\b\i, an expert in the preparation or use of cosmetics.
#
\Hcosmic\h
\Padjective\p relating to the cosmos: '\Icosmic\j\b\i travel'.
\Bcosmic rays\j\b\i
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the high-energy radiation, consisting mainly of protons, electrons and alpha particles, which falls on the earth.
#
\Hcosmogony\h
\Isay\j\b\i koz-\CX1moj\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p any theory of the origins of the universe.
#
\Hcosmology\h
\Isay\j\b\i koz-\CX1moll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the nature, composition, origin and history of the universe. \Bcosmological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kozma-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bcosmologic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcosmologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcosmonaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koz\j\b\ima-nawt \Pnoun\p an astronaut. \Bcosmos\j\b\i + Greek \Inautes\j\b\i sailor
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\Hcosmopolitan\h
\Isay\j\b\i kozma-\CX1poll\j\b\iitan \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to all parts of the world: 'the World Trade Fair was a \Icosmopolitan\j\b\i event'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being at home in all parts of the world and free from regional or national prejudices: 'much international travelling has given him a \Icosmopolitan\j\b\i outlook'. \Bcosmopolite\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i koz-\CX1mopp\j\b\ia-lite), \Bcosmopolitan\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who is cosmopolitan; \Bcosmopolitanism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcosmos\j\b\i + Greek \Ipolites\j\b\i citizen
#
\Hcosmos\h
\Pnoun\p the whole universe, seen as an organised system. Greek \Ikosmos\j\b\i order, the world
#
\HCossack\h
\Pnoun\p any of a people of southern Russia, famous as horseriders and dancers.
#
\Hcosset\h
\Pverb\p to pamper or treat as a pet.
#
\Hcost\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any amount which is given or required as payment: 'the \Icost\j\b\i of building a house has increased greatly'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the battle was won at the \Icost\j\b\i of many lives' (= loss).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the sum of money awarded by a court to pay lawyers' fees and other expenses.
\Bcost\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to require the payment of: a) 'it \Icost\j\b\i $40'; b) 'his foolishness \Icost\j\b\i him his life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to estimate the price of.
#
\Hcostal\h
\Padjective\p of the ribs or the side of the body: 'the \Icostal\j\b\i vertebrae are joined to the ribs'.
(of one actor or performer) to share equal status with another in a play, film, etc. \Bco-star\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcostive\h
\Padjective\p suffering from constipation.
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\Hcostly\h
\Padjective\p having a high cost or price: 'avocados are very \Icostly\j\b\i out of season'. \Bcostliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcost of living\h
the cost of the necessities of life for a person or family, based on average prices of food, shelter, clothing, etc.
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\Hcost price\h
the amount paid by a manufacturer or merchant for something he or she intends to sell.
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\Hcostume\h
\Pnoun\p the style of dress, etc. which is characteristic of or suitable for a particular time or place: a) 'the actors all wore peasant \Icostumes\j\b\i for the play'; b) 'she had her swimming \Icostume\j\b\i in her bag'.
\Bcostume\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to provide a costume or costumes for: 'the local historical society will \Icostume\j\b\i the play'.
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\Hcostume jewellery\h
any decorative but inexpensive jewellery, such as paste or imitation gems.
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\Hcosy\h
\Padjective\p warm and comfortable: 'it's a \Icosy\j\b\i room in winter'.
\Bcosy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a padded cover for a teapot, etc. to keep it warm. \Bcosily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcosiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcot\h
\Pnoun\p a small bed, especially one with sides; a child's bed.
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\Hcotangent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1tan\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p short form is \Bcot\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the reciprocal of tangent. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i.
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\Hcot death\h
also called \Bsudden infant death syndrome\j\b\i.
the sudden unexplained death of a sleeping baby.
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\Hcote\h
\Pnoun\p a cage or shelter for birds or animals: 'a \Idovecote\j\b\i'.
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\Hcoterie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kote\j\b\i-a-ree \Pnoun\p a close, exclusive group of people: 'the local boys formed a \Icoterie\j\b\i within the school'.
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\Hcottage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kott\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a small simple house, usually old.
\Bcottage industry\j\b\i
any industry which can be done at home, such as pottery, weaving, etc.
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\Hcottage cheese\h
a soft, white crumbly cheese made of milk curd.
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\Hcotter pin\h
a device, such as a wedge or pin, which is fitted into a hole to fasten parts together.
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\Hcotton\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the soft, white fibres around the seeds of an annual plant, used for making cloth, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fine thread spun from cotton yarn: 'a reel of white \Icotton\j\b\i'. In America called \Bthread\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a yarn or fabric made from cotton.
\Bcotton\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bcotton on\j\b\i, 'nobody has \Icottoned on\j\b\i to the mistake yet' (= noticed, realised, understood).
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\Hcotton gin\h
a machine which separates the cotton fibres from the seeds.
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\Hcottonwool\h
\Pnoun\p in America called \Babsorbent cotton\j\b\i
the raw cotton with its wax removed, used for surgical dressings, etc.
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\Hcotyledon\h
\Isay\j\b\i kotta-\CX1lee\j\b\i-d'n \Pnoun\p also called a \Bseed leaf\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the first leaf of an embryo of a plant. Greek \Ikotyledon\j\b\i a cup-shaped hollow
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\Hcouch\h
\Pnoun\p a) a sofa. b) a flat bed with a headrest, used by doctors for patients.
\Bcouch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to express or put into words: 'can you \Icouch\j\b\i your question more simply?'.
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\Hcouch-grass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kooch\j\b\i grass \Pnoun\p a tough, coarse grass with long, creeping roots.
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\Hcouch potato\h
(\Iinformal, usually derogatory\j\b\i) a person who spends a large amount of time watching television, usually in a non-discriminating manner.
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\Hcough\h
\Isay\j\b\i koff \Pverb\p to eject air forcibly from the lungs with a loud, harsh sound.
\Bcough up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the bank has not \Icoughed up\j\b\i the loan' (=given). \Bcough\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of coughing.
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\Hcould\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i the past tense of the auxiliary \Pverb\p \Bcan (1)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i used instead of \Bcan\j\b\i as a polite form: '\Icould\j\b\i you help me?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it \Icould\j\b\i be true' (= might). See \Jmay (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hcoulis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koo\j\b\ilis \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a puree, usually of sweet fruit.
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\Hcoulomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koo\j\b\ilom \Pnoun\p the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity moved in one second by an electric current of one ampere. after \IC. A. Coulomb\j\b\i, 1736-1806, a French physicist
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\Hcoulter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kole\j\b\i-ter \Pnoun\p a sharp blade attached to a plough, to cut the earth in front of the share.
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\Hcouncil\h
\Pnoun\p a group of people appointed or elected to meet regularly for discussion, making decisions, etc.: 'the city \Icouncil\j\b\i'. \Bcouncillor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a council.
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\Hcounsel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any advice, opinion or exchange of views.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a barrister or barristers, representing a client in court.
\Bkeep one's own counsel\j\b\i, 'you must \Ikeep your own counsel\j\b\i about family matters' (= keep your views, etc. secret). \Bcounsel\j\b\i (\Bcounselled\j\b\i, \Bcounselling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcounsellor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an adviser.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a lawyer, especially a barrister.
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\Hcount (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to list or name numbers, things, etc., usually in order: 'can you \Icount\j\b\i to 100?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they are \Icounting\j\b\i the votes now' (= finding the total number of).
b) 'there are 300 people in the town, not \Icounting\j\b\i babies' (= including).
c) '\Icount\j\b\i yourself lucky that you weren't hurt' (= consider).
d) 'you can \Icount\j\b\i on Peter to eat all the cakes' (= expect, rely).
e) 'every effort will \Icount\j\b\i in this game' (= be important).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBoxing:\j\b\i to count out ten seconds to a knocked down boxer who must rise before the last number or lose the contest.
\Bcount for\j\b\i, 'his opinion \Icounts for\j\b\i little in this house' (= is worth).
\Bcount\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of counting: 'who will take a \Icount\j\b\i of hands?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the number arrived at by counting: 'what was the final \Icount\j\b\i?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any of the separate charges in an accusation: 'you are charged with two \Icounts\j\b\i of robbery'.
\Btake count\j\b\i, 'he \Itakes\j\b\i little \Icount\j\b\i of what people look like' (= notices).
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\Hcount (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a nobleman in certain European countries, such as France. \Bcountess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of count, b) the wife of a count.
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\Hcountdown\h
\Pnoun\p the final preparation for an event, especially firing a missile, launching a rocket, etc. The time of firing is taken as zero and the time (days, hours, minutes and seconds) is counted backwards to it.
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\Hcountenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kown\j\b\iti-nance \Pnoun\p the face, especially its appearance or expression: 'his fierce \Icountenance\j\b\i hides a gentle nature'.
\Bout of countenance\j\b\i, 'he was put \Iout of countenance\j\b\i by her bitter attack' (= disconcerted, embarrassed).
\Bcountenance\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to support or approve: 'the committee will not \Icountenance\j\b\i the plan'.
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\Hcounter (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a table or similar structure at which business is done or goods are displayed and served in a shop, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small piece of wood, plastic or metal, often an imitation coin, used to keep count or scores in games.
\Bunder the counter\j\b\i, 'much of his business was carried on \Iunder the counter\j\b\i' (= secretly, dishonestly).
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\Hcounter (2)\h
\Padverb\p in opposition or the opposite direction: 'the result went \Icounter\j\b\i to his hopes'.
\Bcounter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to meet or oppose in response: 'the boxer \Icountered\j\b\i his opponent's blow with a strong punch'.
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\Hcounter-\h
a prefix meaning opposite or in reply to, as in \Icounteract\j\b\i.
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\Hcounteract\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bcountervail\j\b\i
to act against something and reduce its effectiveness: 'antibodies are developed in the body to \Icounteract\j\b\i bacteria'.
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\Hcounterattack\h
\Pnoun\p an attack made in reply to another. \Bcounterattack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcounterbalance\h
\Pverb\p to weigh or act against with equal strength: 'the company's lowered prices were \Icounterbalanced\j\b\i by a general increase in sales'. \Bcounterbalance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcountercharge\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcounterclaim\j\b\i
a claim or charge made by an accused person in reply to another: 'the demonstrator made a \Icountercharge\j\b\i of brutality by the police'.
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\Hcounterclockwise\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p anticlockwise.
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\Hcounter-culture\h
a) (\Ioften derogatory\j\b\i) the beliefs, attitudes and practices which are set in opposition to those generally accepted by a society. b) the people as a group who have these beliefs and attitudes and conduct these practices.
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\Hcounterespionage\h
\Pnoun\p the spying by one government or institution on the spies of another.
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\Hcounterfeit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kown\j\b\ita-fit \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kown\j\b\ita-feet \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i made in imitation or as a forgery: '\Icounterfeit\j\b\i money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i false or insincere. \Bcounterfeit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcounterfeiter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcontra-\j\b\i + French \Ifait\j\b\i made
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\Hcounterfoil\h
\Pnoun\p \ICommerce:\j\b\i See \Jstub\j\b\i.
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\Hcounterintelligence\h
\Pnoun\p a government organisation which works to prevent the discovery of valuable information by the enemy, collects political information, etc.
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\Hcountermand\h
\Isay\j\b\i kownta-\CX1mahnd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cancel a command or instruction already given: 'the captain's order was later \Icountermanded\j\b\i by one from headquarters'.
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\Hcountermine\h
\Pverb\p to plot against or frustrate: 'the bankrobbers had a second plan which would \Icountermine\j\b\i any police attempts to capture them'.
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\Hcounterpane\h
\Pnoun\p a bedspread or quilt.
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\Hcounterpart\h
\Pnoun\p something which resembles or is the matching pair of another: 'his job is unique and has no \Icounterpart\j\b\i in any other profession'.
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\Hcounterpoint\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the playing of two or more independent but harmonising melodies.
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\Hcounterpoise\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcounterweight\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a weight used to balance another weight, as on a scale or steelyard.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) anything which balances equally with another. b) the state of being equally balanced. \Bcounterpoise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcounter-revolution\h
\Pnoun\p a revolt against a government that was initially established by a previous revolution.
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\Hcountersign\h
\Pverb\p to add another signature to a document so that it is accepted as authentic.
\Bcountersign\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sign, especially a password given in reply to another. \Bcountersignature\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcountertenor\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the highest adult male singing voice. b) any instrument having this range.
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\Hcountervail\h
\Pverb\p to counteract.
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\Hcounterweight\h
\Pnoun\p a counterpoise. \Bcounterweigh\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcountess\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcount (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hcountless\h
\Padjective\p being too many or unable to be counted.
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\Hcountrified\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kun\j\b\itri-fide \Padjective\p characteristic of country life.
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\Hcountry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kun\j\b\i-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the defined area of land occupied by a particular nation and under one government: 'the \Icountries\j\b\i of Europe'. b) all the people of a particular country: 'the \Icountry\j\b\i has voted against the government'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any land outside cities or towns.
\CX13.\j\b\i any particular district or area: 'this is certainly very desolate \Icountry\j\b\i'.
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\Hcountry-and-western\h
\Pnoun\p a form of music consisting of popularised rural ballads, etc.
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\Hcountry cousin\h
an unsophisticated person who is unused to city life.
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\Hcountry house\h
country seat \IBritish:\j\b\i a house in the country used only as an occasional residence by its owner.
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\Hcountryside\h
\Pnoun\p a particular area in the country: 'the farm is set amongst densely wooded \Icountryside\j\b\i'.
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\Hcounty\h
\Pnoun\p a shire.
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\Hcounty court\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i a court which deals with civil and criminal cases.
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\Hcoup\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcoups\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i koo \Ior\j\b\i kooz)
\CX11.\j\b\i an unexpected or clever victory: 'the wage rise was a \Icoup\j\b\i for the unions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i a coup d'Θtat. French, blow
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\Hcoup de grΓce\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo de \CX1grahs\j\b\i a deciding or finishing stroke: 'that last quotation was the \Icoup de grΓce\j\b\i of the whole argument'. French, blow of mercy
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\Hcoup d'Θtat\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo day \CX1tah\j\b\i plural is \Bcoups d'Θtat\j\b\i
\IPolitics:\j\b\i a sudden, often violent action or revolt, usually to overthrow a government. French, blow of state
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\HcoupΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koo\j\b\ipay \Ior\j\b\i koop \Pnoun\p formerly an enclosed motor car with two doors.
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\Hcouple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kupp\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i two things or people together: 'a married \Icouple\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the effect of two forces which pull in opposite directions, tending to cause a rotation. Compare \Jtorque\j\b\i.
\Bcouple\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to join: 'the train carriages were \Icoupled\j\b\i by heavy metal links'.
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\Hcouplet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kup\j\b\ilit \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a pair of rhyming lines.
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\Hcoupling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kup\j\b\iling \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcoupler\j\b\i
any of various devices which connects parts or things, such as a connection between two electrical circuits which transfers current from one to the other.
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\Hcoupon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koo\j\b\ipon \Pnoun\p a detachable form or ticket used for entering competitions, entitling the holder to receive something in exchange, etc. French, a piece cut off
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\Hcourage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kurr\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p the ability to control fear when facing danger, pain or the unknown: 'his family's support gave him \Icourage\j\b\i to face his long illness'.
\Bhave the courage of one's convictions\j\b\i, to act according to one's beliefs. \Bcourageous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1ray\j\b\ijus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having courage; \Bcourageously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcourgette\h
\Isay\j\b\i koor-\CX1\Izh\j\b\iet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a zucchini.
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\Hcourier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koor\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a person appointed to carry messages or do other jobs. Latin \Icurrere\j\b\i to run
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\Hcourse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i horse \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the path or direction taken by anything: a) 'the ship changed its \Icourse\j\b\i to avoid the storm'; b) 'what will be your next \Icourse\j\b\i of action?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the particular area on which a game, etc. is played: 'a golf \Icourse\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the normal order of movement or progress: 'during the \Icourse\j\b\i of the discussion the truth became obvious'.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of the separate parts of a meal: 'I'll have soup for my first \Icourse\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i an organised series, especially of lessons: 'we are taking a \Icourse\j\b\i of Italian lessons'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i a complete layer of bricks or stones in a wall.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas a matter of course\j\b\i, 'he will inherit the money \Ias a matter of course\j\b\i' (= as a natural right).
\Bin due course\j\b\i, 'dinner will be ready \Iin due course\j\b\i' (= at the appropriate time).
\Bof course\j\b\i, '\Iof course\j\b\i we will help you!' (= naturally, certainly).
\Bcourse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to run: 'tears of rage \Icoursed\j\b\i down the infant's face'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hunt or pursue, especially game.
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\Hcourt\h
\Isay\j\b\i kort \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an open area surrounded by walls or buildings.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a level area marked with lines, for playing certain sports: 'a tennis \Icourt\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short street or alley.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) a place where cases are heard. b) the judges or magistrates who sit in that place: 'the \Icourt\j\b\i will retire to consider its verdict'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) the official residence of a monarch. b) the people who live or work there.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bout of court\j\b\i, 'the suggestion was ruled \Iout of court\j\b\i' (= unworthy of being considered).
\Bpay court\j\b\i, to seek the favour of.
\Bcourt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to pursue or seek the affections of: 'your father \Icourted\j\b\i me for three years'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to provoke: 'don't \Icourt\j\b\i trouble by answering back'.
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\Hcourt card\h
a jack, queen or king in a pack of playing cards.
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\Hcourteous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kert\j\b\iius \Padjective\p polite and well-mannered: 'he is always \Icourteous\j\b\i to old ladies'. \Bcourteously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcourtesan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\iti-zan \Pnoun\p a prostitute, especially one to men of wealth or high rank.
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\Hcourtesy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\iti-see \Pnoun\p any courteous behaviour or act: 'the guards saluted in \Icourtesy\j\b\i to the Queen'.
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\Hcourtier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kort\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p an attendant in a royal court.
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\Hcourtly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kort\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i gracious or elegant: 'he gave a \Icourtly\j\b\i bow'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to the court of a monarch or ruler. \Bcourtliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcourt martial\h
plural is \Bcourt martials\j\b\i or \Bcourts martial\j\b\i
a) the trial of a member of the armed forces by his or her officers, for an offence against military law. b) the tribunal of officers brought together for such a trial. \Bcourt-martial\j\b\i (\Bcourt-martialled\j\b\i, \Bcourt-martialling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcourtship\h
\Pnoun\p the act or time of courting.
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\Hcourtyard\h
\Pnoun\p an open area enclosed by walls and usually paved, often at the centre of a house.
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\Hcousin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuzz\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the child of one's aunt or uncle. Also called a \Bfirst cousin\j\b\i.
a \Bfirst cousin once removed\j\b\i is the child of one's first cousin.
the children of two first cousins are \Bsecond cousins\j\b\i to each other.
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\Hcouture\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo-\CX1tew\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p the business of designing and making clothes. French \Icoudre\j\b\i to sew
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\Hcouturier\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo-\CX1too\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p a person who designs, makes or sells fashionable clothes.
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\Hcovalency\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1vay\j\b\ilen-see \Iand\j\b\i ko-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nce \Pnoun\p covalence \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) the phenomenon by which two or more atoms share electrons, this sharing process holding the component atoms together in a single molecule. b) the number of electrons available for sharing in this way. \IExample:\j\b\i carbon has a covalency of four.
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\Hcovalent bond\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a bond between atoms formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons, usually occurring in organic compounds. Compare \Jionic bond\j\b\i and \Bdative bond\j\b\i.
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\Hcove (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a small bay or inlet.
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\Hcove (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fellow: 'he's a strange-looking \Icove\j\b\i'.
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\Hcoven\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a group or meeting of witches.
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\Hcovenant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\ia-nant \Pnoun\p a formal agreement or contract.
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\Hcover\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to place something over or around another: '\Icover\j\b\i the cake with chopped nuts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to report an event for a newspaper, radio or television programme, etc.: 'the American election will be \Icovered\j\b\i by our New York political correspondent'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'are you \Icovered\j\b\i against fire damage?' (= insured).
b) 'the law does not \Icover\j\b\i that offence' (= deal with).
c) 'will $3000 \Icover\j\b\i the cost of the trip?' (= be enough for, provide for).
d) '\Icover\j\b\i the front gate while we go round the back' (= protect, guard).
e) 'the farm \Icovers\j\b\i the entire hill' (= occupies).
f) 'he was \Icovered\j\b\i with confusion' (= overcome).
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which covers or provides protection: 'this book has a hard \Icover\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the players ran for \Icover\j\b\i as the rain started' (= shelter).
b) 'have they any \Icover\j\b\i for the loss of the car?' (= insurance).
\CX12.\j\b\i an envelope on which postage stamps are stuck: 'a first-day \Icover\j\b\i contains a newly issued stamp'. \Bcovering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which covers.
#
\Hcoverage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\ia-rij \Pnoun\p the extent to which something is covered.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there will be extensive radio \Icoverage\j\b\i of the event' (= reporting, descriptions).
#
\Hcover charge\h
a fixed, additional charge made by a restaurant, etc. for certain services.
#
\Hcovering letter\h
a letter which accompanies something and explains or recommends it.
#
\Hcoverlet\h
\Pnoun\p a bedspread.
#
\Hcovert\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\iert \Padjective\p disguised or secretive: 'the guilty pair exchanged \Icovert\j\b\i glances'.
\Bcovert\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an area of thick undergrowth which gives shelter to animals, etc.
#
\Hcovet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuvv\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to want something enviously or eagerly, especially something belonging to someone else.
\Bcovetous\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being full of eager or envious desire: 'his \Icovetous\j\b\i concern for possessions was disliked by many people'. \Bcovetously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcovetousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcow (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any female bovine mammal that has calved, especially of beef or dairy cattle. b) the female of various mammals, especially the elephant, whale, etc. Compare \Jbull (1)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unpleasant or wretched person or situation.
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\Hcow (2)\h
\Pverb\p to intimidate: 'the child was \Icowed\j\b\i into obedience by his father's violence'.
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\Hcoward\h
\Pnoun\p a person who lacks courage: 'I'm a complete \Icoward\j\b\i about having injections'. \Bcowardly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcowardice\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icauda\j\b\i tail, referring to a dog with its tail between its legs
#
\Hcowboy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a man who works on a cattle ranch.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is casual about conforming to the usual rules of society.
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\Hcowcatcher\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a fender across the front of a locomotive, to clear obstacles from the track.
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\Hcow-cocky\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a dairy farmer.
#
\Hcower\h
\Pverb\p to shrink or move away in fear: 'the dog \Icowered\j\b\i from its master's stick'.
#
\Hcowl\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long loose robe with a hood, worn by monks. b) the hood of a monk's robe.
\CX12.\j\b\i any hood-shaped covering, such as those used on a chimney to increase the draught.
\Bcowling\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the streamlined covering for an aircraft engine.
#
\Hcowlick\h
\Pnoun\p a tuft of hair which stands up, especially from the head.
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\Hcowpox\h
\Pnoun\p a disease which is transmitted to man by cows and is similar to, but milder than, smallpox.
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\Hcowrie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kow\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p the shiny shell of a marine mollusc, used as ornaments and formerly as money in Asia and Africa.
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\Hcowslip\h
\Pnoun\p a small European plant with pale yellow flowers.
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\Hcox\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bcoxswain\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koks\j\b\i-wane \Ior\j\b\i \Bkoks\j\b\i'n)
the person who steers a boat, especially in rowing. \Bcox\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to act as a cox.
#
\Hcoxcomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koks\j\b\i-kome \Pnoun\p a person who is excessively concerned about his or her appearance.
#
\Hcoy\h
\Padjective\p shy or modest, often in an affected way. \Bcoyly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcoyness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcoyote\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kie\j\b\i-ote \Ior\j\b\i kie-\CX1o\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a wolf-like mammal found in western North America.
#
\Hcozen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kuzz\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p to cheat or deceive.
#
\Hcrab (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of crustaceans with a short, flattened body and ten legs, the first two being pincers which can cause painful wounds.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jcancer\j\b\i.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a sharp sound: 'to \Icrack\j\b\i a whip'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to break without falling into pieces: 'the cup \Icracked\j\b\i when I dropped it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Icracked\j\b\i the mystery' (= solved).
b) 'let's \Icrack\j\b\i a bottle of wine' (= open).
c) 'the speaker \Icracked\j\b\i some terrible jokes' (= told).
d) 'her voice \Icracked\j\b\i with emotion' (= changed sharply in pitch).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcrack down\j\b\i, 'Ms Taylor \Icracked down\j\b\i on latecomers' (= took severe measures).
\Bcrack up\j\b\i, a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to have a mental collapse, b) to collapse or crash. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bcrack-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bget cracking\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to start an activity.
\Bcrack\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or result of cracking.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slight opening: 'he opened the door a \Icrack\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the drug cocaine.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she rises each day at the \Icrack\j\b\i of dawn' (= first light).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'let's have a \Icrack\j\b\i at it' (= attempt).
#
\Hcracker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any firework which explodes.
\CX12.\j\b\i a roll of paper, often containing a gift or motto, which explodes harmlessly when the ends are pulled.
\CX13.\j\b\i a dry or savoury biscuit.
#
\Hcrackers\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy.
#
\Hcracking\h
\Padjective\p energetic or quick: 'he walks at a \Icracking\j\b\i pace'.
#
\Hcrackle\h
\Pverb\p to make a series of small, cracking sounds. \Bcrackle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrackling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of small, cracking sounds.
\CX12.\j\b\i the crisp, browned rind on roast pork.
#
\Hcrackpot\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an eccentric or insane person.
#
\Hcradle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kray\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small bed for a baby, usually set on rockers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place where anything originates or is nurtured: 'the \Icradle\j\b\i of freedom'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various structures used as a support, such as the wooden framework supporting a ship in dry dock.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a box on rockers used for washing sand or gravel to remove any gold. \Bcradle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hold or protect as if in a cradle.
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\Hcraft\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trade or art, especially one requiring manual skill.
\CX12.\j\b\i cunning, skill or deceit.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a boat or aircraft. b) (\Iused with plural \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any or all boats or aircraft. \Bcraftsman\j\b\i, \Bcraftswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bcraftsmanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrafty\h
\Padjective\p cunning or slyly deceitful. \Bcraftily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcraftiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrag\h
\Pnoun\p a steep, rugged rock. \Bcraggy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rugged or rough.
#
\Hcram\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcrammed\j\b\i, \Bcramming\j\b\i)
to overfill or squeeze into a space which is too small: 'he \Icrammed\j\b\i everything into a suitcase'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the students were all \Icramming\j\b\i for the exam' (= hastily learning facts).
#
\Hcramp (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, uncontrollable contraction of the muscles, especially in the limbs, usually accompanied by severe pain.
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\Hcramp (2)\h
\Pnoun\p anything which confines or holds things together, such as a metal bar which holds together bricks, etc.
\Bcramp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with a cramp.
\CX12.\j\b\i to confine or restrain.
\Bcramp one's style\j\b\i, to hinder or restrict one's efforts.
#
\Hcrampon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a grappling iron.
\CX12.\j\b\i a spiked metal plate worn on the shoe to prevent slipping when mountaineering.
#
\Hcranberry\h
\Pnoun\p a small, red, acid berry used in jams and sauces.
#
\Hcrane\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large wading bird with long legs.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various mechanical structures with a long arm for lifting heavy objects.
\Bcrane\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to stretch out one's neck.
#
\Hcranefly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of slender insects with long, fragile legs and two long wings.
#
\Hcranium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kray\j\b\ini-um \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the bony box of the skull enclosing the brain. \Bcranial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to the skull.
#
\Hcrank\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various devices for changing circular motion into motion up and down or backwards and forwards, etc. The simplest form consists of a bar projecting from, or at right angles to, a small wheel.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an eccentric person.
\Bcrank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause a shaft to move by using a crank.
#
\Hcrankcase\h
\Pnoun\p the heavy metal casing which encloses an engine crankshaft and allied parts.
#
\Hcrankshaft\h
\Pnoun\p the main shaft in an internal combustion engine, which is made to turn by the up-and-down motion of the pistons.
#
\Hcranky\h
\Padjective\p a) bad-tempered. b) eccentric.
#
\Hcranny\h
\Pnoun\p a small crevice or opening.
#
\Hcraps\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a gambling game played with two dice. \Bcrapshooter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays craps.
#
\Hcrash\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to come together, break or collapse, usually noisily: 'the cars \Icrashed\j\b\i into each other'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the old firm \Icrashed\j\b\i during the slump' (= went bankrupt).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of aircraft) to fall on to land or into the sea.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to come uninvited to: 'she \Icrashed\j\b\i our party'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to stop working because of an equipment or program malfunction. \Bcrash\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of crashing; \Bcrash\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) intensive.
#
\Hcrash-helmet\h
\Pnoun\p a fibreglass or metal cap worn by horseriders, racing drivers, etc., to protect the head in case of accident.
#
\Hcrash-landing\h
\Pnoun\p an emergency landing of an aircraft. \Bcrash-land\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrass\h
\Padjective\p gross or stupid: '\Icrass\j\b\i ignorance'. Latin \Icrassus\j\b\i thick
#
\Hcrate\h
\Pnoun\p a wooden box in which goods are packed for transport, storage, etc.
#
\Hcrater\h
\Pnoun\p a large hole or depression, e.g. in the top of a volcano or resulting from an explosion. Greek \Ikrater\j\b\i mixing-bowl
#
\Hcravat\h
\Isay\j\b\i kra-\CX1vat\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a man's scarf worn loosely folded round the neck.
#
\Hcrave\h
\Pverb\p to desire intensely: 'the reformed smoker still \Icraved\j\b\i a cigarette after dinner'.
#
\Hcraven\h
\Padjective\p cowardly. \Bcraven\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a coward.
#
\Hcrawl\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move the body slowly along the ground, especially on one's hands and knees.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the time \Icrawled\j\b\i by' (= moved slowly).
b) 'he \Icrawls\j\b\i to the boss in the hope of promotion' (= behaves servilely).
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or feel as if covered with crawling things: 'her flesh \Icrawled\j\b\i in horror'.
\Bcrawl\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of crawling.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fastest swimming style, in which there is an alternate overarm movement while the legs scissor-kick. \Bcrawler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrayfish\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bcray\j\b\i
in America called a \Bcrawfish\j\b\i
any of a group of edible aquatic crustaceans. Freshwater varieties are small, but marine varieties are large and considered to be a delicacy.
#
\Hcrayon\h
\Pnoun\p a stick of coloured wax, chalk, etc. for writing or drawing.
#
\Hcraze\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a popular fashion: 'long skirts are the \Icraze\j\b\i this year'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fine crack, especially in a pottery glaze.
\Bcraze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become insane.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce a network of fine cracks, as in glaze on pottery, etc.
\Bbe crazy about\j\b\i, 'he's \Icrazy about\j\b\i me' (= madly in love with). \Bcrazily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcraziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcrazy paving\h
ornamental paving composed of irregularly shaped slabs of various colours.
#
\Hcreak\h
\Pverb\p to make or move with a squeaking or grating sound: 'the door \Icreaked\j\b\i as it was opened'. \Bcreak\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcreaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hcream\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fatty part of milk which rises to the top when the milk is left to stand.
\CX12.\j\b\i any substance with the texture of cream, such as cosmetics, certain desserts, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i the best part of anything: 'the snob thought he belonged to the \Icream\j\b\i of society'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a yellowish-white colour. \Bcream\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcream\j\b\i, \Bcreamy\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
#
\Hcreamery\h
\Pnoun\p a place where butter and cheese are made.
#
\Hcream of tartar\h
the main ingredient of baking powder and sometimes used with bicarbonate of soda as a raising agent.
#
\Hcrease\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line or mark produced in anything by folding or wrinkling.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a) any of three parallel lines drawn on the pitch near the stumps. b) the space between these lines, within which the batsman stands. Also called the \Bwicket\j\b\i. \Bcrease\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hcreate\h
\Isay\j\b\i kree-\CX1ate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to produce or bring into existence: 'according to the Bible, God \Icreated\j\b\i the world in six days'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a fuss: 'my parents are going to \Icreate\j\b\i when they hear I've failed my exams.
\Bcreation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of creating. b) something which is created: 'this dress is one of his latest \Icreations\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Icapital\j\b\i) the world or universe, as created by God. b) the original act by which the world or universe came into being: '\Icreation\j\b\i myths'. \Bcreative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a talent for imaginative creation; \Bcreatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcreator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that creates; \Bcreativity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kree-ay-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hcreature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\icha \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any living thing, especially an animal other than a human being.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a contemptible person: 'what a vicious \Icreature\j\b\i you can be'. Latin \Icreatura\j\b\i something created
#
\Hcreche\h
\Isay\j\b\i kraysh \Pnoun\p crΦche \CX11.\j\b\i a public nursery for young children.
\CX12.\j\b\i a model of the Nativity scene.
#
\Hcredence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p a belief or acceptance: 'I cannot give \Icredence\j\b\i to statements like that'.
#
\Hcredentials\h
\Isay\j\b\i kre-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'ls plural \Pnoun\p any letters or documents which prove or affirm the identity, honesty, etc. of a person.
#
\Hcredibility gap\h
the difference between what is said and what is actually done, especially in politics.
#
\Hcredible\h
\Padjective\p able to be believed: 'his story is scarcely \Icredible\j\b\i'. \Bcredibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kreddi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bcredible, credulous\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \ICredible\j\b\i means believable: 'he is honest and his story is \Icredible\j\b\i'; whereas \Icredulous\j\b\i means likely to believe anything, often without sufficient proof: '\Icredulous\j\b\i people are easily manipulated by effective advertising'.
#
\Hcredit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any belief or trust: 'you should not give \Icredit\j\b\i to everything you hear'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a confidence in the financial position of a person or group, which entitles them to a loan, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the amount of money in one's favour in an account. b) a record of this amount entered in an account. Compare \Jdebit\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the printed acknowledgement of the people who took part in making a film.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a high pass in an examination. b) an official acceptance of work completed in a particular course.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdo one credit\j\b\i, 'your children \Ido you credit\j\b\i' (= are a source of honour to you).
\Bto one's credit\j\b\i, a) 'it was \Ito her credit\j\b\i that she did not retaliate' (= admirable of her); b) 'the team has six victories \Ito its credit\j\b\i' (= acknowledged or recorded to it). \Bcredit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to believe, b) to acknowledge or ascribe, c) to give financial credit to; \Bcreditable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kredd\j\b\iita-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, bringing honour or credit; \Bcreditably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hcredit card\h
a card entitling the holder to goods and services which are charged to his or her account.
#
\Hcreditor\h
\Pnoun\p a person to whom money is owed. Compare \Jdebtor\j\b\i under \Bdebt\j\b\i.
#
\Hcredit union\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kred\j\b\i-it \CX1yoon\j\b\i-yun a savings and lending institution similar to a building society, usually formed by people with a common interest.
#
\Hcredo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\i-doe \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kray\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p a creed. Latin, I believe
#
\Hcredulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kred\j\b\i-yoo-lus \Padjective\p liable to believe anything, often without sufficient proof. \Bcredulity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kred-\CX1yoo\j\b\ili-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jcredible\j\b\i.
#
\Hcreed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a statement of the main beliefs, usually in a set form.
\CX12.\j\b\i any system of beliefs, opinions, etc.
#
\Hcreek\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a watercourse or stream which may be dry during part of the year.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a narrow coastal inlet.
\Bup the creek\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) confused or in a difficult situation.
#
\Hcreel\h
\Pnoun\p a wicker basket, especially one used by anglers for carrying fish.
#
\Hcreep\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcrept\j\b\i, \Bcreeping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or crawl close to the ground: 'a \Icreeping\j\b\i plant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move slowly, quietly or secretly.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be or feel as if covered with creeping things: 'the sight of the snake made his flesh \Icreep\j\b\i.
\Bcreep\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of creeping.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a feeling of something creeping over the skin, as in horror, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unpleasant person. \Bcreeper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that creeps, especially a plant which grows on or along a wall or other surface; \Bcreepy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, horrible or frightening.
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\Hcremate\h
\Isay\j\b\i kre-\CX1mate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to burn and reduce to ashes, especially a dead body. \Bcremation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of cremating; \Bcrematorium\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kremma-\CX1taw\j\b\i-rium), \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where dead bodies are cremated.
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\Hcrenellated\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krenn\j\b\ii-lay-tid \Padjective\p having slits or openings, e.g. the battlement on a castle.
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\HCreole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\i-ole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person of European descent in the West Indies and South America.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person descended from the original French or Spanish settlers of Louisiana in America.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person with mixed blood who is native to these regions.
\CX14.\j\b\i the languages spoken by these people.
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\Hcreosote\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\i-a-sote \Pnoun\p a dark oily liquid containing phenol and cresol, obtained by distilling tar and used for preserving wood. Greek \Ikreas\j\b\i flesh + \Isoter\j\b\i saviour, because of its antiseptic properties
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\Hcrepe\h
\Isay\j\b\i krape \Pnoun\p a thin fabric made from cotton or silk and having a crinkled surface.
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\Hcrepe paper\h
a thin, wrinkled paper.
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\Hcrept\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcreep\j\b\i.
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\Hcrescendo\h
\Isay\j\b\i kre-\CX1shen\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p a gradual increase in strength or loudness. Italian
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\Hcrescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kress\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a curved shape or figure whose two ends each taper to a point.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with this shape.
\CX13.\j\b\i a curved street. Latin \Icrescens\j\b\i increasing
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\Hcresol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kree\j\b\i-sol \Pnoun\p an aromatic, oily liquid obtained from coal tar and used in making plastics, explosives, dyes and as a disinfectant.
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\Hcress\h
\Pnoun\p any of various plants related to mustard, with sharp-tasting leaves.
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\Hcrest\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the highest part of something: 'the \Icrest\j\b\i of a hill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a growth of hair or feathers on the top of an animal's head. b) a longitudinal ridge in a bone or on an animal's back.
\CX13.\j\b\i a distinguishing design, as on a coat of arms, notepaper, etc.: 'a family \Icrest\j\b\i'. \Bcrest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to reach the top or highest part of, b) to form into a crest, such as a wave; \Bcrested\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcrestfallen\h
\Padjective\p dejected or disheartened.
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\Hcretaceous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kre-\CX1tay\j\b\i-shus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jmesozoic\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or resembling chalk.
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\Hcretinism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krett\j\b\ii-nizm \Pnoun\p a disease due to a lack of hormones produced by the thyroid gland, causing physical and mental changes, especially dwarfism and idiocy. \Bcretin\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person suffering from cretinism, b) (informal) a fool or stupid person; \Bcretinous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcrevasse\h
\Isay\j\b\i kre-\CX1vass\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a deep crack, especially in a glacier.
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\Hcrevice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krevv\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a narrow crack or fissure, e.g. in a wall, rock, etc.
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\Hcrew (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all the people doing a particular job.
\CX12.\j\b\i the personnel of a ship or aircraft: 'the captain and \Icrew\j\b\i wish to welcome you aboard'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a group or mob.
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\Hcrew (2)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bcrow (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hcrew cut\h
a very short haircut.
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\Hcrewel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sewing needle with a large eye.
\CX12.\j\b\i a worsted yarn used for embroidery.
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\Hcrew-neck\h
\Padjective\p (of a jumper or shirt) having a round neck without a collar. Compare \Jpolo-neck\j\b\i. \Bcrew-neck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a crew-neck collar, b) a garment having such a collar.
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\Hcrib\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a baby's cradle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rack or container in a stable, holding food for horses, cattle, etc. \Bcrib\j\b\i (\Bcribbed\j\b\i, \Bcribbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to copy or cheat.
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\Hcribbage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kribb\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a card game played by two to four people, in which the aim is to collect pairs, runs, etc.
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\Hcrick\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden stiffness of the muscles of the neck and back, causing a sharp pain and difficulty in moving. \Bcrick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to develop a crick in.
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\Hcricket (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an insect similar to a grasshopper, but usually brown with long filaments at the end of the abdomen.
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\Hcricket (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a field game played between two teams of eleven using bats and a ball. \Bcricketer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcried\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bcry\j\b\i.
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\Hcrier\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a town official making public announcements in the streets or a courthouse.
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\Hcrime\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any act which is forbidden by law.
\CX12.\j\b\i any foolish or wicked act: 'it would be a \Icrime\j\b\i to make this bright child leave school'. \Bcriminal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krimm\j\b\ii-n'l), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is guilty or convicted of a crime; \Bcriminal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, involving or guilty of a crime; \Bcriminally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcriminology\h
\Isay\j\b\i krimmi-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of crime and criminals. \Bcriminologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcrimp\h
\Pverb\p to make wavy or curly. \Bcrimp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcrimson\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krim\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p a deep purplish-red colour. \Bcrimson\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to become crimson, as when blushing; \Bcrimson\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcringe\h
\Isay\j\b\i krinj \Pverb\p to shrink back or act servilely. Old English \Icringan\j\b\i to fall in battle
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\Hcrinkle\h
\Pverb\p to wrinkle. \Bcrinkly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcrinkle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various types of skirt flounced out with hoops or a bustle.
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\Hcripple\h
\Pnoun\p a person who cannot use one or more limbs, especially the legs. \Bcripple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to disable.
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\Hcrisis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kry\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcrises\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kry\j\b\i-seez)
a crucial time or turning point in any series of events: 'a political \Icrisis\j\b\i'. Greek \Ikrisis\j\b\i decision
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\Hcrisp\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i firm but easily broken: 'a \Icrisp\j\b\i wafer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i brisk, fresh or sharp: a) '\Icrisp\j\b\i air'; b) 'a \Icrisp\j\b\i manner'.
\Bcrisp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any crisp food, especially a potato crisp. \Bcrisp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become crisp.
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\Hcrisscross\h
\Padjective\p crossed or having crossed markings.
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\Hcriterion\h
\Isay\j\b\i kry-\CX1teer\j\b\iion \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcriteria\j\b\i
a standard on which judgement can be based: 'what is your \Icriterion\j\b\i for a good restaurant?'.
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\Hcritic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person skilled in judging the merits of something: 'an art \Icritic\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anyone who points out faults or mistakes: 'he has always been a \Icritic\j\b\i of young people's attitudes'.
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\Hcritical\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tending to find fault: 'a \Icritical\j\b\i attitude'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of serious or decisive importance: 'it was a \Icritical\j\b\i period in his life'.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to or involving criticism: 'a \Icritical\j\b\i analysis'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IScience:\j\b\i denoting a constant value at which a substance undergoes an abrupt change: 'what is the \Icritical\j\b\i temperature at which water changes to ice?'. \Bcritically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcritical mass\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the minimum amount of fissile material necessary for a chain reaction to take place.
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\Hcriticise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kritt\j\b\ii-size \Pverb\p criticize \CX11.\j\b\i to find faults: 'she's always \Icriticising\j\b\i the way I dress'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make judgements as to merits and faults.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of criticising. b) a judgement: 'that is a valid \Icriticism\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the detailed investigation or examination of literary works, etc.: 'historical \Icriticism\j\b\i'.
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\Hcritique\h
\Isay\j\b\i kri\CX1teek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a critical essay or review: 'the magazine contains a \Icritique\j\b\i of the film'. French
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\Hcroak\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a low, hoarse sound like a frog.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to die. \Bcroaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcrochet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-shay \Pnoun\p a form of needlework using a needle with a hook at one end which is used to draw successive loops of yarn through preceding ones. \Bcrochet\j\b\i (\Bcrocheted\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-shade), \Bcrocheting\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-shay-ing)), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcrock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an earthenware container or jar.
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\Hcrock (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anything which is old or useless.
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\Hcrockery\h
\Pnoun\p any earthenware or china objects such as dishes, etc.
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\Hcrocodile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krokk\j\b\ia-dile \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of large, amphibious reptiles with tough, armoured skin, found in tropical regions of Australia, Central America, Africa and elsewhere and growing up to 5.4{\shad \j\b\im long.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line of people walking in pairs. Greek \Ikrokodeilos\j\b\i a lizard, literally worm of the stones
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\Hcrocodile tears\h
any false tears or sorrow.
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\Hcrocus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-kus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcrocuses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small plant with yellow, purple or white flowers growing from a bulb.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep yellow colour.
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\Hcroft\h
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i the smallholding of a tenant farmer.
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\Hcroissant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krwa\j\b\i-son \Pnoun\p a flaky pastry roll baked in a crescent shape. French, crescent
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\Hcrone\h
\Pnoun\p an old woman.
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\Hcrony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p a close friend.
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\Hcrook (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various curved or hook-shaped sticks: 'a shepherd's \Icrook\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a criminal or dishonest person.
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\Hcrook (2)\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) sick. b) bad or unfair. c) out of order or broken.
\Bgo crook at\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become angry at.
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\Hcrooked\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krook\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i bent or twisted: 'they followed a \Icrooked\j\b\i path through the forest'.
\CX12.\j\b\i dishonest: 'he runs a \Icrooked\j\b\i business'.
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\Hcroon\h
\Pverb\p to sing or hum softly: 'she \Icrooned\j\b\i the baby to sleep'.
\Bcrooner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a popular singer of sentimental songs.
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\Hcrop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any produce of the soil which is used as food: 'a \Icrop\j\b\i of wheat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of things together: 'the loud noise produced a \Icrop\j\b\i of protests'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short haircut.
\CX14.\j\b\i a short riding whip.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) a pouch-like enlargement of the gullet in many birds, through which food passes and where digestion begins. b) a similar organ in some other animals.
\Bcrop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcropped\j\b\i, \Bcropping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut off or cut short: 'he \Icropped\j\b\i the dead leaves from the tree'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to yield or produce a crop.
\Bcrop up\j\b\i, 'a new problem has just \Icropped up\j\b\i' (= appeared unexpectedly).
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\Hcrop-dusting\h
\Pnoun\p the spraying of crops with insecticides or fertilisers from low-flying aircraft. See \Jtop-dressing\j\b\i. \Bcrop-dust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcrop-duster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcropper\h
\Pnoun\p \Bto come a cropper\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) 'his foot slipped and he \Icame a cropper\j\b\i' (= fell heavily); b) 'the bad season caused the business to \Icome a cropper\j\b\i' (= fail, collapse).
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\Hcroquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-kay \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p a game played on a lawn between teams of two or four players using mallets to hit balls through small hoops set in the ground.
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\Hcroquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i kro-\CX1ket\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a ball of ground meat or vegetables, usually coated in breadcrumbs and fried.
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\Hcrosier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-zee-a \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcrozier\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i the staff carried by a bishop or abbot, shaped like a shepherd's crook.
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\Hcross\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcrosses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a mark or sign made by one line intersecting another.
\CX12.\j\b\i a post with another piece of wood across it, on which people were executed in ancient times.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) the cross used to execute Christ. b) the symbol of Christianity.
\CX14.\j\b\i anything which is a combination of the qualities of two or more things: 'the colour is a \Icross\j\b\i between purple and maroon'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'during his short life he had many \Icrosses\j\b\i to bear' (= misfortunes).
\Bcross\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to go from one side to the other: 'do not \Icross\j\b\i the road at that dangerous corner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put a line or cross through: 'we have \Icrossed\j\b\i your name off the list'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to meet and pass: 'our letters must have \Icrossed\j\b\i in the post'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to crossbreed.
\CX15.\j\b\i to oppose or go against: 'do not \Icross\j\b\i him for he has a terrible temper'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcross oneself\j\b\i, (\IChristian\j\b\i) to make the sign of the cross over one's breast.
\Bcross one's mind\j\b\i, 'it \Icrossed my mind\j\b\i not to tell you' (= came to me as an idea).
\Bcross the floor\j\b\i, (\IParliament\j\b\i) to leave one's seat and cross over to the other side, in order to vote with another party.
\Bcross\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
angry or annoyed: 'don't be \Icross\j\b\i with Ann for breaking the window'. \Bcrossly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcrossness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcross-\h
a prefix meaning: a) going across, as in \Icrossroad\j\b\i; b) opposition, as in \Icross-purpose\j\b\i; c) in the shape of a cross, as in \Icross-legged\j\b\i.
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\Hcrossbow\h
\Pnoun\p a medieval weapon consisting of a short, strong bow mounted at right angles to a stock with a groove, along which a short arrow was fired by a trigger mechanism.
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\Hcrossbreed\h
\Pverb\p to produce a hybrid by mating two similar but different types of organisms. \Bcrossbred\j\b\i, \Bcrossbreed\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hcrosscheck\h
\Pverb\p to check the accuracy of something by referring to another or other sources.
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\Hcross-country\h
\Padjective\p not following the main roads: 'a \Icross-country\j\b\i run'.
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\Hcrosse\h
\Isay\j\b\i kross \Pnoun\p a long-handled, hooked racket with a net across the hook, used in lacrosse.
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\Hcross-examine\h
\Pverb\p to question a person in detail in order to test the truth of answers already given, especially in a court of law. \Bcross-examination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcross-examiner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who cross-examines.
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\Hcross-eyed\h
\Padjective\p having a squint in which one or both eyes turn inwards towards the nose.
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\Hcross-fertilisation\h
\Pnoun\p cross-fertilization \IBiology:\j\b\i the fusion of the female gamete of one individual with the male gamete of another individual of the same species, as in the cross-pollination of flowers. Compare \Jself-fertilisation\j\b\i. \Bcross-fertilise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcross-fire\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i the meeting of lines of fire from two or more positions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any violent meeting or exchange: 'she got caught in the \Icross-fire\j\b\i of their argument'.
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\Hcrosshatch\h
\Pverb\p to shade with intersecting parallel lines.
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\Hcrossing\h
\Pnoun\p a place at which a road, etc. crosses another or may be travelled across: 'the cars lined up at the railway \Icrossing\j\b\i'.
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\Hcross-legged\h
\Padjective\p having one leg placed across the other when sitting.
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\Hcrossly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jcross\j\b\i.
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\Hcrossover\h
\Pnoun\p a place where a crossing over can occur: a) 'a \Icrossover\j\b\i in a train track allows a train to change tracks'; b) 'some people believe that jazz music is the \Icrossover\j\b\i between blues and popular music'.
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\Hcrosspatch\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cross or bad-tempered person.
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\Hcross-purpose\h
\Pnoun\p \Bbe at cross-purposes\j\b\i, 'it's obvious that we \Iare at cross-purposes\j\b\i' (= misunderstand each other).
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\Hcross-question\h
\Pverb\p to cross-examine.
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\Hcross-reference\h
\Pnoun\p a reference from one part of a book, etc. to another, for extra information.
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\Hcrossroad\h
\Pnoun\p a road which crosses another.
\Bat the crossroads\j\b\i, at a critical turning point.
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\Hcross-section\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a line or piece made by cutting crosswise through something. b) a drawing, etc. of what something would look like if it had been cut through in this way.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sample taken as a typical example: 'the poll was taken from a \Icross-section\j\b\i of secondary students'.
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\Hcross-stitch\h
\Pnoun\p an embroidery stitch resembling a small 'x'. \Bcross-stitch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcrossword puzzle\h
a puzzle consisting of a rectangle divided into squares, into which the answers to numbered clues must be fitted horizontally and vertically.
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\Hcrotch\h
\Pnoun\p any part or place which is forked, as between the legs of the human body.
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\Hcrotchet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hook or hook-like part.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a note with a quarter of the time value of a semibreve. In America called a \Bquarter-note\j\b\i. French, a small hook
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\Hcrotchety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krotch\j\b\ia-tee \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) cross or irritable.
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\Hcrouch\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ouch \Pverb\p to lower the body with the legs bent, as when starting a race. \Bcrouch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcroup\h
\Isay\j\b\i kroop \Pnoun\p an inflammation and swelling of the larynx, especially in young children, causing breathlessness and a high-pitched cough. \Bcroupy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcroupier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroop\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a person who collects and pays out money at a gambling table.
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\Hcrouton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\iton \Pnoun\p a small cube of fried bread, used especially in soups. French \Icro₧te\j\b\i crust
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\Hcrow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kro \Pnoun\p a) any of a family of birds with shiny black feathers and a harsh voice. b) any of various similar but unrelated Australian birds, such as the pied crow.
\Bas the crow flies\j\b\i, 'the distance is 11{\shad \j\b\ikm \Ias the crow flies\j\b\i, but 15{\shad \j\b\ikm by road' (= in a straight line).
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\Hcrow (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kro \Pverb\p (\Bcrowed\j\b\i or \Bcrew\j\b\i, \Bcrowed\j\b\i, \Bcrowing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make the harsh, loud cry of a crow or rooster.
\CX12.\j\b\i to boast or express glee.
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\Hcrowbar\h
\Pnoun\p a long metal bar, used as a lever, with one end shaped like a crow's beak.
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\Hcrowd\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i loud \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, unorganised group of people: 'a \Icrowd\j\b\i gathered around the speaker'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a clique or close set of friends: 'he doesn't see that \Icrowd\j\b\i any more'.
\Bcrowd\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to come or pack together in a crowd: 'the spectators \Icrowded\j\b\i around the players'.
#
\Hcrown\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an ornamental headdress, especially that worn by a monarch as a symbol of royal power. b) the office or power of a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the central government in a monarchy.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) anything in the shape of a crown. b) the top or highest part of anything: 'the \Icrown\j\b\i of his hat was dented'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IDentistry:\j\b\i a) the top of a tooth. b) an artificial replacement for it, usually made of gold or porcelain.
\CX15.\j\b\i an old coin equal to five shillings.
\Bcrown\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give royal authority officially by providing a crown.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reward: 'her efforts were \Icrowned\j\b\i by victory'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to complete: 'to \Icrown\j\b\i our misery, it started raining'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit on the head.
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\Hcrown land\h
any land belonging to the monarch or State.
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\Hcrown of thorns\h
a type of starfish covered with long spines. It eats coral polyps, causing the slow destruction of coral reefs.
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\Hcrown prince\h
the heir of a monarch. \Bcrown princess\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of crown prince; b) the wife of a crown prince.
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\Hcrow's-foot\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcrow's-feet\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) the wrinkles in the skin at the outer corner of the eye.
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\Hcrow's-nest\h
\Pnoun\p a box or other structure formerly used as a lookout at the top of a mast of a sailing ship.
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\Hcrozier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kro\j\b\i-zee-a \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i See \Jcrosier\j\b\i.
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\Hcrucial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p being the decisive or most important: 'the \Icrucial\j\b\i moments of the game were just after half-time'.
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\Hcrucible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\isi-b'l \Pnoun\p a vessel in which substances are heated or melted, usually made from a hard substance such as porcelain.
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\Hcrucifix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\isi-fiks \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a model of a cross carrying a figure of Christ.
\CX12.\j\b\i any cross.
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\Hcrucifixion\h
\Isay\j\b\i kroosi-\CX1fik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of crucifying.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the putting to death of Christ on the Cross.
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\Hcruciform\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\isi-form \Padjective\p having the shape of a cross.
\CX11.\j\b\i to execute by fastening the body to a cross.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat severely or cruelly: 'the art exhibition was \Icrucified\j\b\i by the critics'.
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\Hcrude\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i natural, as distinct from refined or manufactured: '\Icrude\j\b\i sugar'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the introduction gave a \Icrude\j\b\i summary of his theories' (= undeveloped).
\CX12.\j\b\i lacking refinement or elegance: 'his \Icrude\j\b\i behaviour at parties shocks many people'. \Bcrudely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcrudity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\idi-tee), \Bcrudeness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hcrude oil\h
See \Jpetroleum\j\b\i.
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\Hcruel\h
\Isay\j\b\i kroo'l \Padjective\p deliberately causing pain or suffering to others.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Icruel\j\b\i remarks hurt her deeply' (= distressing, upsetting).
\Bcruelty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being cruel: 'the \Icruelty\j\b\i of their remarks caused him much unhappiness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cruel act. \Bcruelly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcruet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kroo\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bottle for vinegar, oil, etc. for service at a table.
\CX12.\j\b\i a set of small containers for condiments, placed in the centre of a dining table.
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\Hcruise\h
\Isay\j\b\i krooz \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to sail or travel from place to place, usually for pleasure.
\CX12.\j\b\i to travel at a moderate speed for efficiency or economy: 'the jet \Icruised\j\b\i above the clouds'. \Bcruise\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pleasure trip by boat; \Bcruiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a motor boat, b) a medium-sized warship.
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\Hcrumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i krum \Pnoun\p a tiny piece or flake of anything: 'she left only a few \Icrumbs\j\b\i of cake on her plate'.
\Bcrumb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to coat with crumbs, especially breadcrumbs.
\CX12.\j\b\i to break or separate into crumbs.
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\Hcrumble\h
\Pverb\p to break or fall into pieces: 'she \Icrumbled\j\b\i the soil between her fingers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her hopes \Icrumbled\j\b\i as the car drove away' (= collapsed).
\Bcrumble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is crumbled.
\CX12.\j\b\i a baked dessert consisting of fruit topped with a mixture of flour, fat and sugar. \Bcrumbly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, easily crumbled.
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\Hcrummy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of very poor quality.
#
\Hcrumpet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a spongy bread-like food usually eaten toasted with butter, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a woman.
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\Hcrumple\h
\Pverb\p to crush into, or become full of, folds or wrinkles: 'be careful not to \Icrumple\j\b\i your dress before we go out'.
\Bcrumple up\j\b\i, 'as soon as he left her she \Icrumpled up\j\b\i' (= collapsed). \Bcrumple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an uneven fold or wrinkle.
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\Hcrunch\h
\Pverb\p to crush or grind noisily: 'their heavy boots \Icrunched\j\b\i over the gravel'.
\Bcrunch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of crunching.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a crisis: 'the financial \Icrunch\j\b\i will come with the new Budget'.
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\Hcrusade\h
\Isay\j\b\i kroo-\CX1sade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any of the military expeditions by Christians between the 11th and the 13th centuries to recapture the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Moslems.
\CX12.\j\b\i a zealous or enthusiastic campaign for reform: 'doctors have begun a \Icrusade\j\b\i against cigarette smoking'. \Bcrusade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcrusader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \ICruz\j\b\i the Cross
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\Hcrush\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to press or squeeze out of shape or into fine fragments: 'his car was \Icrushed\j\b\i by a falling tree'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to overpower or subdue: 'her pride was \Icrushed\j\b\i by the continual objections'.
\Bcrush\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of crushing or pressing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large crowd: 'the \Icrush\j\b\i of excited spectators was held back by police'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an infatuation: 'she has a \Icrush\j\b\i on her new teacher'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a drink made of crushed fruits.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IFarming:\j\b\i a small pen where animals can be held tightly.
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\Hcrust\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hard, outer layer or surface: 'cut the \Icrusts\j\b\i off the bread'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the outer layer of the earth, about 35{\shad \j\b\ikm thick in continental land masses, but much thinner under the oceans. \Bcrust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form a crust; \Bcrusty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or having a crust, b) harsh or irritable.
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\Hcrustacean\h
\Isay\j\b\i krus-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any of a group of arthropods, including shrimps, crabs, etc., with two pairs of antennae.
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\Hcrutch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick, usually fitted under the armpit and used as an aid in walking.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which supports.
\CX13.\j\b\i the crotch.
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\Hcrux\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bcruxes\j\b\i
the most basic or important point: 'the \Icrux\j\b\i of the problem'.
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\Hcry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcried\j\b\i, \Bcrying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to utter a loud sound or call: 'she \Icried\j\b\i out but I didn't hear'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to shed tears: 'the baby began to \Icry\j\b\i as soon as its mother left'.
\Bcry off\j\b\i, 'you promised to do it and you can't \Icry off\j\b\i now' (= break the promise).
\Bcry\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a loud utterance or call: 'nobody heard his \Icry\j\b\i for help'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a general or public demand: 'there is a \Icry\j\b\i for social reform'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba far cry\j\b\i, 'their house is \Ia far cry\j\b\i from what we expected' (= a long way, very different).
\Bin full cry\j\b\i, 'they ran \Iin full cry\j\b\i after the ice-cream van' (= in eager pursuit).
#
\Hcrying shame\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a great pity.
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\Hcryobank\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kry\j\b\io-bank \Pnoun\p a place where sperm and ova are stored at low temperatures.
#
\Hcryogenics\h
\Pnoun\p a branch of physics which studies phenomena at very low temperatures. Greek \Ikryos\j\b\i frost + \B-gen\j\b\i
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\Hcrypt\h
\Isay\j\b\i kript \Pnoun\p a cellar, especially one under a church and used as a burial place.
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\Hcryptic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krip\j\b\itik \Padjective\p having a hidden meaning, mysterious or secret: 'someone has left a \Icryptic\j\b\i message on my desk'. \Bcryptically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ikryptos\j\b\i hidden
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\Hcryptogram\h
\Pnoun\p anything written in cipher. Greek \Ikryptos\j\b\i hidden + \Igramma\j\b\i letter
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\Hcrystal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kriss\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a clear mineral or glass similar to quartz. b) an object or objects made from high-quality glass, such as drinking glasses, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a substance which has a regular, geometrical form: 'a sugar \Icrystal\j\b\i'. \Bcrystalline\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or containing crystals; \Bcrystalloid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the shape or qualities of a crystal. Greek \Ikrystallos\j\b\i ice
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\Hcrystal-gazing\h
\Pnoun\p the practice of looking into a crystal ball to try to see events, predict the future, etc.
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\Hcrystallise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kris\j\b\ita-lize \Pverb\p crystallize \CX11.\j\b\i to form into crystals: 'the solution will \Icrystallise\j\b\i as it cools'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i to cover with sugar.
\CX13.\j\b\i to become clear and definite: 'a new and better plan \Icrystallised\j\b\i in his mind'. \Bcrystallisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcrystal set\h
the earliest form of radio in which the frequency of the radio signal is controlled by a crystal in contact with a fine wire.
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\HCT scanner\h
See \Jcat scanner\j\b\i.
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\Hcub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the young of a wild mammal, especially a lion, wolf, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a learner or apprentice: 'a \Icub\j\b\i newspaper reporter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of the junior section of the Scout Association.
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\Hcubbyhole\h
\Pnoun\p a small enclosed space or hiding place.
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\Hcube\h
\Isay\j\b\i kewb \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid or hollow body with six square faces.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the third power of a number. \IExample:\j\b\i the \Bcube\j\b\i of 2, written 2{\up6 3\j\b\i, is 2{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i2{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i2{\shad \j\b\i={\shad \j\b\i8.
\Bcube\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut or make into cubes: '\Icube\j\b\i the meat and vegetables before cooking'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to find the cube of. \Bcuboid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-boyd), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the shape of a cube; \Bcubic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; a) solid or of three dimensions, b) having the shape of a cube, c) (Maths) of the third power or degree.
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\Hcubicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ibi-k'l \Pnoun\p a small compartment. Latin \Icubiculum\j\b\i bedchamber
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\Hcubism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-bizm \Pnoun\p an art style originating in the early 20th century, aiming to analyse the structure or form of objects by expressing them in geometrical shapes. \Bcubist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcubit\h
\Pnoun\p an old measure equal to the length of the forearm, about 50 cm. Latin \Icubitum\j\b\i elbow
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\Hcuckold\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kukk\j\b\iold \Pnoun\p the husband of an unfaithful wife. \Bcuckold\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a cuckold of. Old French \Icucu\j\b\i cuckoo
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\Hcuckoo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1k\Iu\j\b\ik\j\b\i-koo \Pnoun\p any of various migrating birds which lay their eggs in nests of other birds.
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\Hcucumber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-kumba \Pnoun\p a long, green-skinned fleshy fruit, used in salads, etc.
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\Hcud\h
\Pnoun\p the partially digested food which a ruminant animal returns to the mouth to chew again.
\Bchew one's cud\j\b\i, 'leave him to \Ichew his cud\j\b\i on the problem' (= meditate).
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\Hcuddle\h
\Pverb\p to hold close affectionately: 'the proud father \Icuddled\j\b\i the new baby'. \Bcuddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcuddlesome\j\b\i, \Bcuddly\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hcudgel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kud\j\b\i-j'l \Pnoun\p a short club used as a weapon.
\Bcudgel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcudgelled\j\b\i, \Bcudgelling\j\b\i)
to beat or hit with a cudgel.
\Bcudgel one's brains\j\b\i, 'he \Icudgelled his brains\j\b\i for an answer' (= thought hard).
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\Hcue (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a word or action which is the signal for another actor to present a particular line or action.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hint or guiding suggestion: 'if you're unsure of what to do, take your \Icue\j\b\i from me'.
#
\Hcue (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew \Pnoun\p \IBilliards:\j\b\i a long rod used to hit a ball.
#
\Hcuff (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a fold or band at the bottom of trousers or a sleeve.
\Boff the cuff\j\b\i, spontaneously or without preparation.
\Bcufflink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
either of a pair of decorative fastenings for shirt cuffs, used in place of a button.
#
\Hcuff (2)\h
\Pverb\p to strike with the hand or fist. \Bcuff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcuirass\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwi-\CX1rass\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a piece of protective armour, especially for the breast and back.
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\Hcuisine\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwi\CX1zeen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a particular type of cooking: 'this restaurant specialises in Italian \Icuisine\j\b\i'. French, kitchen
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\Hcul-de-sac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\i-de-sak \Pnoun\p a road closed at one end and giving access to a group of houses. French \Icul\j\b\i bottom + \Ide sac\j\b\i of the sack
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\Hculinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kull\j\b\iin-ree \Padjective\p relating to the kitchen, food or cooking. Latin \Iculina\j\b\i kitchen
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\Hcull\h
\Pverb\p to pick or select. \Bcull\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcullender\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcolander\j\b\i.
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\Hculminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\imi-nate \Pverb\p to reach the highest point or climax: 'the argument \Iculminated\j\b\i in a fight'. \Bculmination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hculottes\h
\Isay\j\b\i koo-\CX1lots\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a skirt-like garment separated and sewn like trousers. French
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\Hculpable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\ipa-b'l \Padjective\p deserving blame or punishment : 'the man was accused of \Iculpable\j\b\i driving after the accident'. \Bculpably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bculpability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kulpa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hculprit\h
\Pnoun\p a person guilty of a fault or crime. \Bcul\j\b\i(pable) + Old French \Iprit\j\b\i ready, meaning the prosecution is ready to prove guilt
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\Hcult\h
\Isay\j\b\i kult \Ior\j\b\i kolt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a specific system of beliefs and ceremonies, usually directed towards an object or person believed to have magical or religious significance. Compare \Jsect\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any group of people who hold strong beliefs.
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\Hcultivar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\iti-var \Pnoun\p a variety of plant which can only be produced by cultivation.
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\Hcultivate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\iti-vate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to prepare, improve and work land in order to raise crops, cattle, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to promote the growth or development of anything: 'he \Icultivates\j\b\i friends that he feels may be useful to him'.
\Bcultivated\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
refined or well-educated: 'a \Icultivated\j\b\i woman'. \Bcultivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcultivator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who cultivates, b) an implement for loosening soil, etc.
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\Hcultural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\icher'l \Padjective\p relating to culture or cultivation: 'he has many \Icultural\j\b\i interests'.
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\Hculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kul\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the distinctive practices and beliefs of a society.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or process of cultivating land, animals, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a development or improvement of the intellect or behaviour due to education, training or experience.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the growing of micro-organisms in or on a medium. A \Bsubculture\j\b\i is a culture of micro-organisms started from another culture. A \Btissue culture\j\b\i is a culture of animal cells grown in a laboratory.
\Bculture\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cultivate.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to grow micro-organisms in or on a medium in a laboratory.
#
\Hculvert\h
\Pnoun\p a drain to allow water to pass under a road.
#
\Hcum\h
preposition combined with: 'this is my bedroom \Icum\j\b\i studio'. Latin, with
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\Hcumbersome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\iba-sum \Padjective\p also called \Bcumbrous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\ibrus)
clumsy or difficult to manage. \Bcumber\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to burden or trouble.
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\Hcumin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kumm\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcummin\j\b\i
a small plant, the seeds of which are used in cooking and medicine.
#
\Hcum laude\h
\Isay\j\b\i k\Iu\j\b\im \CX1law\j\b\iday (of a degree, diploma, etc.) with honour. Latin
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\Hcummerbund\h
\Pnoun\p a broad sash worn around the waist, especially on formal occasions. Hindi, waist-band
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\Hcumquat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\ikwot \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bkumquat\j\b\i
a small orange citrus fruit with a sweet skin and acid flesh. Chinese
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\Hcumulative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-mewla-tiv \Padjective\p increasing by continuous additions. \Bcumulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to accumulate.
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\Hcumulus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-mew-lus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcumuli\j\b\i
a cloud which extends upwards with a rounded top and a flat base. Latin, a heap
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\Hcuneiform\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ini-form \Pnoun\p an early form of writing, consisting of wedge-shaped symbols inscribed on clay or stone. Latin \Icuneus\j\b\i wedge + \Bform\j\b\i
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\Hcunning\h
\Padjective\p cleverly shrewd in getting what one wants, often by deceit. \Bcunning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcunningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcup\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, open container with a handle, usually for drinking.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything shaped like a cup, such as the round tin set into each hole on the golf links.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) an ornamental cup used as a prize. b) a competition with a cup for its prize: 'the America's \ICup\j\b\i is a famous yacht race'.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of various drinks, usually a mixture of wine, spirits or juices: 'fruit \Icup\j\b\i'.
\Bone's cup of tea\j\b\i, 'those colours are not \Imy cup of tea\j\b\i' (= to my taste or liking).
\Bcup\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bcupped\j\b\i, \Bcupping\j\b\i)
to form into the shape of a cup: 'he \Icupped\j\b\i his hand over the match to keep it alight'.
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\Hcupboard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kubb\j\b\i'd \Pnoun\p an enclosed series of shelves or drawers for storage, often built into a wall.
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\HCupid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ipid \Pnoun\p \IRoman mythology:\j\b\i the god of love, the son of Venus. Latin \Icupido\j\b\i desire, passion
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\Hcupidity\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew-\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a greed for possessions or wealth.
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\Hcupola\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ipa-la \Pnoun\p a small dome-shaped roof. Italian
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\Hcupric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\iprik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of copper in which copper has a valency of two.
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\Hcupronickel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ipro-nikk'l \Pnoun\p an alloy of copper and nickel used for making silver-coloured coins, such as the Australian 20-cent piece.
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\Hcuprous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\iprus \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of copper in which copper has a valency of one.
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\Hcur\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a worthless, growling dog.
\CX12.\j\b\i a despicable person.
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\Hcurable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ira-b'l \Padjective\p able to be cured. \Bcurability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcurare\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew-\CX1rah\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p a powerful poison obtained from a South American tree.
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\Hcurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-rit \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a newly ordained priest who assists a parish priest. \Bcuracy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ira-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, the office or position of a curate.
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\Hcurative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\ira-tiv \Padjective\p of or causing a cure.
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\Hcurator\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew-\CX1ray\j\b\itor \Pnoun\p a guardian or director: 'the \Icurator\j\b\i of a museum'.
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\Hcurb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which restrains or controls: 'increased taxation is intended as a \Icurb\j\b\i on inflation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strap or chain attached to the ends of a bit and passing under the chin to help control the horse.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a kerb.
\Bcurb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to control or restrain with or as if with a curb.
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\Hcurd\h
\Pnoun\p a) a soft, solid substance obtained by allowing milk to coagulate, eaten fresh or used to make cheese. b) any similar substance: 'bean \Icurd\j\b\i'.
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\Hcurdle\h
\Pverb\p to coagulate or change into curd.
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\Hcure\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to restore to health.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'has she been \Icured\j\b\i of biting her nails yet?' (= made free of, remedied).
\CX12.\j\b\i to preserve meat or fish by drying, smoking or salting.
\Bcure\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which cures.
\CX12.\j\b\i the responsibility for the spiritual welfare of others, such as of a parish priest towards his parishioners.
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\HcurΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-ray \Pnoun\p \IFrench:\j\b\i a parish priest.
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\Hcurette\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew-\CX1ret\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a scoop-shaped instrument used to remove diseased tissue, etc. from a cavity, especially the uterus. French, a clearing or cleansing
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\Hcurfew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an official instruction that people shall remain indoors after a certain time at night, usually during a war or emergency.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a) the ringing of a bell at a fixed time, especially in medieval Europe, as a signal to cover fires or to regulate the movement of citizens. b) the time at which this bell was rung.
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\Hcuria\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a) the court of the Pope. b) the departments in charge of administration at the palace of the Pope.
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\Hcurie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p the metric unit of radioactivity. after \IMarie Curie\j\b\i, 1867-1934, a Polish-French physicist and chemist and \IPierre Curie\j\b\i, 1859-1906, her husband
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\Hcurio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\irio \Pnoun\p any object considered to be interesting or unusual. short form of \Bcuriosity\j\b\i
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\Hcurious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\iri-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i eager or interested to know and learn.
\CX12.\j\b\i unusual, strange or interesting: 'what a \Icurious\j\b\i bracelet'. \Bcuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcuriosity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being curious, b) something unusual or strange.
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\Hcurium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-ree-um \Pnoun\p element number 96, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hcurl\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to form into a curve, ring or spiral.
\CX12.\j\b\i to play at curling.
\Bcurl one's lip\j\b\i, to sneer.
\Bcurl\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything in the shape of a curve, spiral or coil. \Bcurly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcurler\h
\Pnoun\p \IBeauty:\j\b\i a roller.
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\Hcurlew\h
\Pnoun\p any of various birds with a down-curved beak, living on the seashore.
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\Hcurling\h
\Pnoun\p a game played on ice between two teams of four players who slide heavy, round stones to a target.
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\Hcurly\h
\Padjective\p See \Jcurl\j\b\i.
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\Hcurmudgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ker-\CX1mud\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p an irritable or miserly old person.
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\Hcurrant\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, dark seedless raisin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, round, acid berry growing on a shrub.
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\Hcurrawong\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large, grey or black Australian birds with white markings. Aboriginal
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\Hcurrency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kurr\j\b\ien-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any banknotes or coins accepted as a medium of exchange in financial transactions.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being commonly accepted or used: 'strict moral beliefs have less \Icurrency\j\b\i now than in the past'.
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\Hcurrent\h
\Padjective\p belonging to or existing in the present time: 'a programme on \Icurrent\j\b\i affairs'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is the \Icurrent\j\b\i attitude towards divorce reform?' (= generally accepted).
\Bcurrent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a flow or stream: 'a \Icurrent\j\b\i of cold air rushed in as the door opened'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Icurrent\j\b\i of feeling ran against the proposal' (= general tendency).
\CX12.\j\b\i a portion of a large body of water, air, etc. moving in a particular direction.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jelectric current\j\b\i.
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\Hcurricle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kurr\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p an open, two-wheeled carriage pulled by two horses abreast.
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\Hcurriculum\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rik\j\b\i-yoo-lum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bcurricula\j\b\i
a) the subjects or courses usually taught in a school, university, etc. b) any organised course of study.
\Pnoun\p a) a combination of hot spices made into a powder, sauce or paste. b) a dish of meat or vegetables flavoured with this mixture. \Bcurry\j\b\i (\Bcurried\j\b\i, \Bcurrying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcurry (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to groom a horse with a currycomb.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat tanned leather by beating, scraping, colouring, etc.
\Bcurry favour\j\b\i, to seek or gain approval by flattery, etc.
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\Hcurrycomb\h
\Pnoun\p an object made of rubber or metal with serrated ridges for cleaning brushes or removing dried mud from a horse. \Bcurrycomb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcurse\h
\Isay\j\b\i kerse \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a call or appeal to supernatural powers to bring harm or evil to another person. b) anything which produces harm or evil.
\CX12.\j\b\i an obscene oath or blasphemy. \Bcurse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcursed\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\isid \Ior\j\b\i kerst), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bcursedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcursive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p (of writing or print) flowing and joined.
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\Hcursor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a) a transparent slide marked with reference lines to assist in the reading of instruments. b) a movable indicator on a video display.
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\Hcursory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\isa-ree \Padjective\p hasty or superficial: 'he gave the letter only a \Icursory\j\b\i glance'. \Bcursorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcursoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcurt\h
\Padjective\p brief or abrupt, especially in a rude manner. \Bcurtly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcurtness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Icurtus\j\b\i shortened
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\Hcurtail\h
\Isay\j\b\i ker-\CX1tale\j\b\i \Pverb\p to reduce or cut short: 'we must try to \Icurtail\j\b\i our spending this month'. \Bcurtailment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hcurtain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\itin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a length of cloth hung at a window or door to shut out light or for decoration.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which screens or covers: 'a \Icurtain\j\b\i of mist'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i the screen separating the audience from the stage, usually opened at the beginning of each act and closed at the end.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iplural\j\b\i) the end, especially death.
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\Hcurtain call\h
\ITheatre:\j\b\i the applause or calls by an audience, demanding that an actor should return to the stage after a performance. Compare \Jencore\j\b\i.
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\Hcurtain-raiser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i the opening act in a variety show or musical.
\CX12.\j\b\i any preliminary or introductory event.
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\Hcurtsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kert\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p curtsey (of a female) a gesture of respect made by bending one knee behind the other and lowering the body slightly. \Bcurtsy\j\b\i (\Bcurtsied\j\b\i, \Bcurtsying\j\b\i), \Bcurtsey\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcurvaceous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ker-\CX1vay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p having a full or shapely figure.
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\Hcurvature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\iva-cher \Pnoun\p a) the state of being curved: 'he suffers from \Icurvature\j\b\i of the spine'. b) the amount or degree to which something is curved.
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\Hcurve\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line or form which bends continuously and has no angles or straight parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the line, which may be a straight line, connecting all the points on a graph. \Bcurve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bcurvy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having curves.
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\Hcuscus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kus\j\b\ikus \Pnoun\p either of two species of large, dark, small-eared possums with white markings and long tails capable of grasping, found in tropical Australia and islands to the north.
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\Hcushion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1k\Iu\j\b\ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bag with a soft filling such as feathers or rubber, used for comfort when sitting, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which provides soft support or absorbs shock: 'a hovercraft travels on a \Icushion\j\b\i of air'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBilliards, etc.:\j\b\i the raised, padded edge around the table. \Bcushion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to protect against or lessen the shock of something.
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\Hcushy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1k\Iu\j\b\i\j\b\i-shee \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) easy or comfortable: 'he has a \Icushy\j\b\i job in the public service'. Hindi \Ikhush\j\b\i pleasant
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\Hcusp\h
\Pnoun\p a pointed end especially where two curved lines meet, such as the point of a crescent moon, the ridge on a tooth, etc.
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\Hcuspid\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a tooth with a single point. Latin \Icuspis\j\b\i point
a) cursed. b) obstinate or difficult. \Bcussedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, obstinacy.
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\Hcustard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kus\j\b\itid \Pnoun\p a sweet dish made from a thickened mixture of eggs, sugar and milk.
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\Hcustard apple\h
the soft, fleshy fruit of several tropical trees.
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\Hcustody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kus\j\b\ita-dee \Pnoun\p the care or authorised keeping of a person or thing: 'the child remained in her mother's \Icustody\j\b\i'. \Bcustodian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kus\CX1toe\j\b\i-dee-an), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has custody or keeping of something.
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\Hcustom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a usual or generally accepted action, practice or form of behaviour: 'it is the \Icustom\j\b\i in our home to have a late dinner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the government organisation collecting taxes on objects brought into or out of a country. b) the tax paid on such goods.
\CX13.\j\b\i the regular customers of a shop or particular business.
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\Hcustomary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kust\j\b\i'm-ree \Padjective\p based on custom or accepted practice: 'it is \Icustomary\j\b\i for all workers to wear a uniform'. \Bcustomarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hcustom-built\h
\Padjective\p also called \Bcustom-made\j\b\i
made to the specific order of the customer. from German \Igebraucht\j\b\i custom, purpose
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\Hcustomer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who buys goods or services from another.
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\Hcustoms duty\h
any duties imposed by law on imported goods.
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\Hcut\h
\Pverb\p (\Bcut\j\b\i, \Bcutting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to penetrate or separate with something sharp: 'he \Icut\j\b\i the apple into four pieces'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stop: '\Icut\j\b\i the engine'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) to reduce or shorten: 'manufacturers must \Icut\j\b\i their prices'. b) to dilute: 'drug-sellers usually \Icut\j\b\i their heroin with other powders'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to go directly: 'she \Icut\j\b\i through the paddocks to save time'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of teeth) to appear above the gums.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit the ball so that it spins or changes direction in its flight.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Icut\j\b\i him deeply with her insults' (= hurt, upset).
b) 'this track \Icuts\j\b\i the highway 3{\shad \j\b\ikm further on' (= crosses).
c) 'the dealer shuffled and \Icut\j\b\i the pack of cards' (= divided into parts).
d) 'he \Icut\j\b\i three biology lessons last week' (= did not attend).
\CX17.\j\b\i (of word processing) to remove text or graphics from a document for temporary storage in the memory by selecting an option from a menu.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcut and dried\j\b\i, clear or settled.
\Bcut and paste\j\b\i, (of word processing) to use menu options to relocate text in a document.
\Bcut dead\j\b\i, 'she \Icut\j\b\i him \Idead\j\b\i' (= refused to acknowledge acquaintance).
\Bcut in\j\b\i, to interrupt.
\Bcut it out\j\b\i, to stop it.
\Bcut off\j\b\i, a) 'try to \Icut\j\b\i him \Ioff\j\b\i at the gate' (= intercept); b) 'our phone has been \Icut off\j\b\i' (= disconnected); c) 'he was \Icut off\j\b\i without a penny' (= disinherited).
\Bcut out\j\b\i, a) 'he \Icuts\j\b\i me \Iout\j\b\i of all his activities' (= excludes); b) 'the engine \Icut out\j\b\i and the boat drifted' (= stopped); c) 'you are not \Icut out\j\b\i for this work' (= suited).
\Bcut\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a blow or stroke, especially one which cuts. b) a piece cut off: 'a \Icut\j\b\i of meat'. c) the result of cutting, such as a mark, wound, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the manner or style in which something is cut: 'I do not like the \Icut\j\b\i of that suit'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a direct path: 'we took a short \Icut\j\b\i through the school grounds'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a stroke at the ball, which causes it to spin or change direction in its flight.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Icut\j\b\i in the price of petrol' (= reduction).
b) 'what is your \Icut\j\b\i of the profits?' (= share).
c) 'she felt his remarks were a personal \Icut\j\b\i' (= insult).
\Ba cut above\j\b\i, superior to.
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\Hcutaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew-\CX1tay\j\b\inius \Padjective\p of or relating to the skin.
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\Hcute\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i pert and attractive or pleasing.
\CX12.\j\b\i clever or too clever: 'don't try to be \Icute\j\b\i with me, young man!'.
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\Hcuticle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the skin that covers the base of the fingernails and toenails.
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\Hcutlass\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kut\j\b\ilus \Pnoun\p a short, heavy sword with a curved blade, having one cutting edge.
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\Hcutlery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kut\j\b\ila-ree \Pnoun\p the instruments used for eating, such as knives, forks and spoons.
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\Hcutlet\h
\Pnoun\p a cut of meat containing a rib, usually eaten grilled or fried.
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\Hcut-off\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the limit or point at which something ends or is completed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device in some engines for switching them off by stopping the flow of air, fuel, steam, etc.
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\Hcutpurse\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a pickpocket.
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\Hcutter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a warship's small boat fitted with sails and oars.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who cuts fabric, etc. in a clothing factory.
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\Hcutthroat\h
\Padjective\p ruthless or merciless: 'the \Icutthroat\j\b\i competition between the large companies forced smaller businesses to close'.
\Bcutthroat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a razor with a large, slightly curved, open blade.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ruthlessly violent person, especially one considered capable of murder.
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\Hcutting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is cut off or out: 'a newspaper \Icutting\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is produced by cutting, such as an excavation through a hill, etc. when building a road or railway.
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\Hcutting edge\h
See \Jleading edge\j\b\i.
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\Hcuttlebone\h
\Pnoun\p the light, white, solid, internal skeleton of a cuttlefish, used to make powder for polishing, poultry food, etc.
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\Hcuttlefish\h
\Pnoun\p a flat, squid-like, marine mollusc, having tentacles with suckers and producing an inky substance when attacked.
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\Hcyanide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-a-nide \Pnoun\p any compound of hydrocyanic acid (formula HCN), such as potassium cyanide (formula KCN). All cyanides are extremely poisonous.
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\Hcyanosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-a-\CX1no\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a blueness of the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the blood.
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\Hcybernetics\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ber-\CX1nett\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of methods of communication and control common to living things and machines.
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\Hcyberpunk\h
\Pnoun\p a form of science fiction writing dealing with a world in which often youthful characters confront a violent, doom-laden, high-tech future.
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\Hcyberspace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a notional space in which it is imagined that telecommunications occur.
\CX12.\j\b\i an imagined world used as a metaphor to describe and represent communication as it occurs via the Internet or any telecommunications medium.
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\Hcyclamate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-kla-mate \Pnoun\p any of a group of artificial chemicals used as low-calorie substitutes for sugar.
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\Hcyclamen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-kla-min \Pnoun\p a small plant growing from a tuber with white, red or pink flowers, often grown indoors.
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\Hcycle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of events which are repeated in a regular order: 'the \Icycle\j\b\i of the seasons'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any complete period or course: 'a life \Icycle\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a series of poems or songs.
\CX14.\j\b\i a bicycle.
\Bcycle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to ride a bicycle.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move in cycles. Greek \Ikyklos\j\b\i a circle
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\Hcyclic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-klik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or recurring in cycles.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i (of a figure) able to be drawn within a circle: 'a \Icyclic\j\b\i quadrilateral'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds, such as benzene, where some or all of the carbon atoms of the molecule are joined in a closed ring structure.
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\Hcyclist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-klist \Pnoun\p a person who rides a bicycle or motorcycle.
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\Hcyclone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-klone \Pnoun\p \IWeather:\j\b\i a) See \Jtropical cyclone\j\b\i. b) See \Jlow (1)\j\b\i. \Bcyclonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1klonn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HCyclops\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-klops \Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i any of a race of giants with one eye in the centre of the forehead.
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\Hcyclotron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-klo-tron \Pnoun\p a device which accelerates charged particles, used in nuclear research work.
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\Hcygnet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sig\j\b\i-nit \Pnoun\p the young of a swan.
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\Hcylinder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\iinda \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid or hollow body having circular, equal ends and parallel sides.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape of a cylinder.
\CX13.\j\b\i the rotating part of a revolver containing the cartridge chambers.
\CX14.\j\b\i a chamber in an internal combustion engine within which a mixture of petrol and air is compressed by the piston and exploded by a spark from a spark plug. \Bcylindrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hcylinder block\h
the metal casing which contains the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
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\Hcylinder head\h
a heavy metal cover over the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, usually forming part of the combustion space.
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\Hcymbals\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\i-b'ls plural \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a percussion instrument consisting of two slightly concave, brass plates either clashed against each other or hit separately with a stick.
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\Hcynical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p having no belief or trust in goodness, honesty, sincerity, etc. \Bcynic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bcynically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bcynicism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ii-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikynikos\j\b\i dog-like, churlish
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\Hcypher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-fer \Pnoun\p See \Jcipher\j\b\i.
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\Hcypress\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-pris \Pnoun\p a type of evergreen tree with dark, small, needle-like leaves and hard wood.
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\Hcyst\h
\Isay\j\b\i sist \Pnoun\p a sac which usually contains fluid.
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\Hcytology\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-tolla-jee \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the study of the cells of plant tissue.
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\Hcytoplasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ta-plazm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the contents of a cell except the nucleus. Greek \Ikytos\j\b\i a vessel + \Iplasma\j\b\i a shape
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\Hczar\h
\Isay\j\b\i zar \Pnoun\p See \Jtsar\j\b\i.
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\Hczarina\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtsar\j\b\i.
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\Hdab (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdabbed\j\b\i, \Bdabbing\j\b\i)
to touch or apply lightly: 'the girl \Idabbed\j\b\i make-up on her cheeks'. \Bdab\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of dabbing, b) a small amount.
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\Hdab (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an expert.
\Bdab hand\j\b\i, 'he is a \Idab hand\j\b\i at photography' (= expert).
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\Hdabble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to splash in a liquid, especially with the hands or feet.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do as a hobby or casual interest: 'she \Idabbles\j\b\i in pottery during her spare time'. \Bdabbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdabchick\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgrebe\j\b\i.
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\HDachshund\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1daks\j\b\i-h\Iu\j\b\ind \Pnoun\p one of a breed of small, short-legged dogs with long bodies. German \IDachs\j\b\i badger + \IHund\j\b\i dog
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\HDacron\h
\Pnoun\p a strong synthetic fibre which is resistant to creases. a trademark
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\Hdactyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dak\j\b\itil \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a digit.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i. \Bdactylic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dak-\CX1till\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdad\h
\Pnoun\p daddy (\Iinformal\j\b\i) father.
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\Hdaddy-long-legs\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of insects with a tiny, round body and very long, slender legs.
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\Hdaffodil\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with reed-like leaves and yellow or creamy white trumpet-shaped flowers, growing from a bulb.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of the locks of wool clotted with dirt and excreta about the hindquarters of a sheep.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who lacks style.
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\Hdagger\h
\Pnoun\p a short-bladed weapon, like a small sword.
\Blook daggers\j\b\i, to cast angry or threatening glances.
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\Hdaguerreotype\h
\Isay\j\b\i da-\CX1gerr\j\b\io-type \Pnoun\p an early image-fixing process, related to photography, where a positive image becomes etched upon a sensitive metal plate. invented by \IL. J. M. Daguerre\j\b\i, 1789-1851
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\Hdahlia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dale\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p an autumn garden plant with brightly coloured flowers, growing from a tuber. after \IA. Dahl\j\b\i, died 1789, a Swedish botanist
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\Hdaily\h
\Padjective\p of or occurring every day.
\Bdaily\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a newspaper published every day.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who comes to clean every day. \Bdaily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdainty\h
\Padjective\p very delicate or neat. \Bdaintiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdaintily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdainty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdairy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where milk is stored, processed or sold.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a small shop selling groceries, milk, etc. outside normal shopping hours.
\Bdairy farm\j\b\i
a farm producing milk or milk products.
\Bdairy cattle\j\b\i
any cattle bred or kept to produce milk rather than meat.
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\Hdais\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-iss \Pnoun\p a raised platform, e.g. for a speaker.
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\Hdaisy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants with composite flowers, usually with a yellow centre. Middle English \Idayseye\j\b\i day's eye, because it opens at morning
\Pnoun\p a valley, especially in northern England.
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\Hdally\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdallied\j\b\i, \Bdallying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to trifle with, as in a love affair.
\CX12.\j\b\i to waste time. \Bdalliance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HDalmatian\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of large, short-haired, white dogs with black spots.
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\HDalton's Law\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a law that the amount of evaporation from the surface of a liquid is proportional to the difference between the surface's pressure and the air above.
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\Hdam (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wall or other structure built to keep water back, e.g. across a river. Compare \Jdyke\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a constructed hole for water. \Bdam\j\b\i (\Bdammed\j\b\i, \Bdamming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdam (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a female parent, especially of a horse. short form of \Bdame\j\b\i
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\Hdamage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1damm\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any injury which causes loss of usefulness or value.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a sum of money claimed because of a loss, e.g. when a contract has been broken.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the cost. \Bdamage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause damage to; \Bdamageable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdamagingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdamascene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1damm\j\b\ia-seen \Pverb\p to ornament metalwork with inlaid designs or by etching.
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\Hdamask\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dam\j\b\i'sk \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a twilled cotton, fibre or linen fabric, used for tablecloths, curtains, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep pink colour. \Bdamask\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdame\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address for a woman of rank.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a woman honoured by a monarch for merit or service to the country. Compare \Jknight\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a woman.
\CX11.\j\b\i condemned to hell: 'a \Idamned\j\b\i soul'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) detestable: 'what a \Idamned\j\b\i cheek'. \Bdamnation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being damned, especially to hell; \Bdamn! damnation!\j\b\i, \Iinterjections\j\b\i; \Bdamnably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdamned\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, extremely, very; \Bdamning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, proving guilt.
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\Hdamp\h
\Padjective\p moist or slightly wet.
\Bdamp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make damp.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discourage or dull: 'the disappointment \Idamped\j\b\i our enthusiasm a bit'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics, Music:\j\b\i to reduce the amplitude of a vibrating string, wave, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i to retard the energy of.
\Bdamp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any moisture or moistness.
\CX12.\j\b\i a poisonous or suffocating vapour or gas, especially in a mine. \Bdamply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdampness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdampcourse\h
\Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i a layer of moisture-proof material such as slate or bitumen, laid in a wall to stop moisture rising.
#
\Hdampen\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make damp.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dull or depress: 'the sight of the leaden sky \Idampened\j\b\i our enthusiasm for a picnic'. \Bdampener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i something which depresses.
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\Hdamper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a cake made from flour and water and baked in the ashes of a fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i a movable metal plate for regulating the flow of air into a fire in a stove or furnace.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a device in a keyboard instrument which deadens the vibration of the strings.
\Bput the damper on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to override a decision, reduce enthusiasm for something, etc.
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\Hdamsel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1damz\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p an old word for a young unmarried woman.
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\Hdance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a series of steps and movements, usually in time to music. b) a piece of music for this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a social function at which one dances. \Bdance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to perform a dance, b) to move quickly or nimbly; \Bdancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdandelion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dan\j\b\idi-lion \Pnoun\p a small weed with deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers which form a ball of downy seeds. French \Ident\j\b\i tooth + \Ide lion\j\b\i of lion, because of the shape of the leaves
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\Hdandruff\h
\Pnoun\p any small scales of dead skin on the scalp.
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\Hdandy\h
\Pnoun\p a man who is excessively concerned with his clothes and appearance.
\Bdandy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i fine or very good. \Bdandify\j\b\i (\Bdandified\j\b\i, \Bdandifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdanger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dane\j\b\i-ja \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a likelihood of harm or injury: 'the mountaineer enjoyed the element of \Idanger\j\b\i in the sport'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which may cause danger: 'that hidden reef is a \Idanger\j\b\i to shipping'. \Bdangerous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdangerously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdangerousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdangle\h
\Pverb\p to swing or hang loosely.
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\Hdank\h
\Padjective\p unpleasantly damp: 'a \Idank\j\b\i cellar'. \Bdankly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdankness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdaphne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1daf\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p a garden shrub with pink, fragrant flowers.
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\Hdapper\h
\Padjective\p neat and smart.
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\Hdappled\h
\Padjective\p having spots of different colours. \Bdapple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdapple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a spot or marking.
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\Hdare\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be bold enough: 'he \Idared\j\b\i to contradict his father'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to challenge: 'I \Idare\j\b\i you to do it'.
\Bdare say\j\b\i, 'I \Idare say\j\b\i we will win' (= suppose). \Bdare\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i, a challenge; \Bdaringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdaring\j\b\i, \Bdaringness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hdaredevil\h
\Pnoun\p a reckless person.
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\Hdark\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i with little or no light: 'a \Idark\j\b\i, cloudy night'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of colours, surfaces, etc.) reflecting or radiating little or no light.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has a \Idark\j\b\i complexion' (= not pale).
b) 'she gave him a \Idark\j\b\i look' (= angry).
c) 'he brooded over \Idark\j\b\i thoughts' (= sad or evil).
d) 'Sue tried to keep the news \Idark\j\b\i' (= secret).
\Ba dark horse\j\b\i, a person of unknown capabilities.
\Bdark\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) an absence of light: 'children afraid of the \Idark\j\b\i'. b) nightfall: 'be home before \Idark\j\b\i'.
\Bin the dark\j\b\i, in ignorance or without knowledge. \Bdarkly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdarkness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) absence of light, b) the state or quality of being dark; \Bdarken\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become dark or darker.
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\HDark Ages\h
a name given to the period from about \Ba.d\j\b\i. 450-1000, especially the early Middle Ages.
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\Hdarkroom\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i a lightproof room for developing and printing films.
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\Hdarling\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing very much loved.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is the latest \Idarling\j\b\i of the social world' (= favourite). from \Idearling\j\b\i, dear little thing
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\Hdarn (1)\h
\Pverb\p to repair a hole in a garment by using interlacing stitches. \Bdarn\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdarning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which has been or needs to be darned.
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\Hdarn (2)\h
interjection (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mild exclamation of irritation, etc.
\Bdarn\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bnot give a darn\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be completely indifferent. \Bdarned\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, damned.
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\Hdart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, sharp, metal arrow with feathers at one end.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a game in which each player throws a series of darts at a numbered target.
\CX13.\j\b\i a tapering tuck sewn in a garment to alter its shape.
\CX14.\j\b\i a sudden swift movement: 'he made a \Idart\j\b\i for the door'.
\Bdart\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move swiftly. \Bdartingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, with swift movements.
#
\Hdartboard\h
\Pnoun\p a target for the game of darts, the regulation board being divided into numbered segments for scoring.
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\HDarwinism\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the theory of evolution of separate species from a common origin. See \Jnatural selection\j\b\i. suggested by \ICharles Darwin\j\b\i, 1809-82, a British naturalist
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\Hdash (1)\h
\Pverb\p to throw or strike violently: 'the boat was \Idashed\j\b\i against the rocks during the storm'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Idashed\j\b\i across the road' (= rushed).
b) 'his hopes were \Idashed\j\b\i when she left him' (= ruined, frustrated).
\Bdash off\j\b\i, 'she \Idashed off\j\b\i an article for the school newspaper' (= wrote hurriedly).
\Bdash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sudden rush or violent movement: 'the ambulance made a mercy \Idash\j\b\i to the hospital'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small quantity added to something: 'I'd like a Scotch with a \Idash\j\b\i of water'.
\CX13.\j\b\i vigour: 'an exciting performance which was full of \Idash\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a punctuation mark (-), used to introduce a break in a sentence or dialogue. \IExample\j\b\i: 'if the report is true - and I believe it is - we must act immediately'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IAthletics:\j\b\i a sprint or short race: 'the 100 metre \Idash\j\b\i'.
\Bcut a dash\j\b\i, to be very impressive in appearance, behaviour, etc.
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\Hdash (2)\h
interjection a mild exclamation expressing irritation, etc.
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\Hdashboard\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \Bfascia\j\b\i
the instrument panel of a motor vehicle or aeroplane.
#
\Hdashing\h
\Padjective\p showy, stylish or spirited. \Bdashingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdastardly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dass\j\b\it'd-lee \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p mean and cowardly.
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\Hdata\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\ita \Ior\j\b\i \CX1dah\j\b\ita plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bdatum\j\b\i
(\Ioften treated as singular\j\b\i) the facts or information on a particular subject. Latin, the given things \Bdata, datum\j\b\i. Though rarely used, \Idatum\j\b\i is the singular form of \Idata.\j\b\i \IData\j\b\i is now widely employed to express both singular and plural meanings.
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\Hdatabase\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a body of data organised for rapid search and retrieval, and which usually consists of the following types of data:
a) a \Bfile\j\b\i, which consists of records, is a complete titled section or topic of information. For example, in a database of information about a school a particular file might refer to a form or class level.
b) a \Brecord\j\b\i, which consists of fields, is the basic unit of database storage. In the above example a record might refer to the information contained about a particular student.
c) a \Bfield\j\b\i, which consists of characters, is a location in a record containing a particular type of information. In the above example a field might include the first name or the address of the student.
d) a \Bcharacter\j\b\i is a symbol such as a letter, number or punctuation mark, or a space which combines with other characters, used to show the data of the fields. In the above example, a field might contain the five following characters: FREDA.
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\Hdata compression\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i the methods used to compact information to increase its speed of transmission and efficiency of storage.
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\Hdate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular point or period of time.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please state your \Idate\j\b\i of birth' (= day, month and year).
b) 'what is the \Idate\j\b\i on that coin?' (= year inscribed).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an appointment to meet. b) the person with whom an appointment is made.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bout of date\j\b\i, old-fashioned or obsolete.
\Bto date\j\b\i, 'I have collected over 1000 stamps \Ito date\j\b\i' (= until the present time).
\Bdate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to assign a date to: 'to \Idate\j\b\i an ancient manuscript'. b) to put or have a date on: 'all letters should be \Idated\j\b\i correctly'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'most 19th-century scientific textbooks are badly \Idated\j\b\i by now' (= out of date).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go out with.
\Bdate from\j\b\i, \Bdate back to\j\b\i, 'this church \Idates from\j\b\i Norman times' (= has existed since).
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\Hdate (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small, oblong, brown fruit of a palm, widely grown in Africa and the Middle East.
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\Hdate line\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a line at the start of a letter, newspaper article, etc. giving the date and place of origin.
\CX12.\j\b\i the international date line.
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\Hdative bond\h
also called a \Bcoordinate bond\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a covalent bond, where both of the shared pair of electrons are donated by the one atom. Compare \Jcovalent bond\j\b\i and \Bionic bond\j\b\i.
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\Hdative case\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdatum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-t'm \Ior\j\b\i \CX1dah\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p the singular of \Bdata\j\b\i.
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\Hdaub\h
\Isay\j\b\i dawb \Pverb\p to cover a surface with paint, mud, etc.
\Bdaub\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a covering of sticky material, such as clay: 'a hut made of wattle and \Idaub\j\b\i'. \Bdauber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an unskilful painter.
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\Hdaughter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1daw\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a female child in relation to her parents.
\CX12.\j\b\i any female descendant.
\CX13.\j\b\i a female person strongly influenced by or involved with something: 'the \Idaughters\j\b\i of the revolution'. \Bdaughterly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdaughter-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdaughters-in-law\j\b\i
the wife of one's son.
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\Hdaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i dawnt \Pverb\p to discourage or lessen the enthusiasm of. \Bdauntless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdauntlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdauphin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1daw\j\b\i-fin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1doe\j\b\i-fan \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i the title given to the eldest son of the king of France, from the 14th century to the 19th century. \Bdauphine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1daw\j\b\i-feen \Ior\j\b\i \Bdoe\j\b\i-feen), \Bdauphiness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, the wife of a dauphin.
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\Hdavenport\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a large sofa.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, ornamental writing desk.
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\Hdavit\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i either of a pair of curved arms at the side of a ship from which small boats, etc. may be raised from or lowered into the water by means of tackle.
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\HDavy lamp\h
a safety lamp used by coal-miners. invented by \ISir Humphry Davy\j\b\i, 1778-1829, a British chemist
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\Hdawdle\h
\Pverb\p to waste time or fall behind, e.g. when walking. \Bdawdler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdawn\h
\Pnoun\p the first appearance of daylight.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Idawn\j\b\i of time' (= beginning). \Bdawn\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to begin to grow light, b) to begin to develop or be perceived.
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\Hday\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the period of light from dawn to dusk. b) the 24-hour period from one midnight to the next. c) the period one is awake or active: 'I've had a hard \Iday\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the time taken for the earth or another planet to rotate once on its axis.
a \Bsidereal day\j\b\i is measured relative to a star.
a \Bsolar day\j\b\i is measured relative to the sun.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a particular period: 'in \Idays\j\b\i gone by'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcall it a day\j\b\i, to finish or stop.
\Bday in, day out\j\b\i, every day or indefinitely.
\Bwin the day\j\b\i, 'our team \Iwon the day\j\b\i in all sections' (= was most successful).
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\Hdaybreak\h
\Pnoun\p the dawn.
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\Hdaydream\h
\Pnoun\p an imaginative fantasy indulged in while awake. \Bdaydream\j\b\i (\Bdaydreamed\j\b\i or \Bdaydreamt\j\b\i, \Bdaydreaming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdaydreamer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdaylight-saving\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bsummer time\j\b\i
a system of putting the clock forward one or more hours, usually in summer, to increase the number of hours of daylight in the working day.
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\Hdaze\h
\Pverb\p to stun or bewilder. \Bdaze\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdazedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdazzle\h
\Pverb\p to overpower with or as if with intense light.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her long list of accomplishments \Idazzled\j\b\i the stranger' (= excited admiration in).
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\Hde-\h
a prefix meaning: a) the opposite of, as in \Idecode\j\b\i; b) down, as in \Idepress\j\b\i; c) away or off, as in \Ideport\j\b\i; d) completely, as in \Idespoil\j\b\i.
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\Hdeacon\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a member of the third order of clergy beneath bishops and priests, and assisting them in their duties. b) a lay person who assists in worship and takes care of other lay matters, in some Protestant churches.
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\Hdeaconess\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a woman minister in certain churches, especially concerned with charity, educational, hospice or social work.
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\Hdeactivate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1ak\j\b\iti-vate \Pverb\p to make inactive or reduce the activity of. \Bdeactivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdead\h
\Isay\j\b\i ded \Padjective\p without life or no longer living: 'the \Idead\j\b\i leaves fell from the tree'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'Latin is a \Idead\j\b\i language' (= no longer spoken).
b) 'there was a \Idead\j\b\i silence' (= complete, absolute).
c) 'she fell down in a \Idead\j\b\i faint' (= resembling death).
d) 'he is known to be a \Idead\j\b\i shot' (= accurate, perfect).
e) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'm really \Idead\j\b\i by the end of the week' (= exhausted).
f) 'the sleeping child was a \Idead\j\b\i weight in my arms' (= unrelieved).
\Bdead\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any person or people who are dead: 'a memorial was erected to the \Idead\j\b\i of World War 2'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in the \Idead\j\b\i of night' (= middle, quiet part).
\Bdead\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i completely: 'you are \Idead\j\b\i wrong'.
\CX12.\j\b\i abruptly: 'he stopped \Idead\j\b\i in his tracks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i directly: 'the reef lay \Idead\j\b\i ahead'.
\Bdeaden\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to reduce or make dull: 'he was given medicine to \Ideaden\j\b\i the pain'.
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\Hdead-beat\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) exhausted: 'I'm \Idead-beat\j\b\i by Friday'. \Bdeadbeat\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a loafer or derelict.
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\Hdead-end\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a street) having one end closed.
\CX12.\j\b\i leading nowhere or having no future. \Bdead end\j\b\i, a) a dead-end street, b) a point or condition from which no progress can be made.
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\Hdead heat\h
a competition or race in which two or more competitors have an equal score or finish together.
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\Hdead letter\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a law which has not been abolished formally but is no longer observed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a letter which is not claimed and cannot be delivered because it is wrongly addressed.
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\Hdeadline\h
\Pnoun\p the time by which something must be done: 'the \Ideadline\j\b\i for entries is next Friday'.
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\Hdeadlock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a situation from which further progress is impossible.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lock designed to prevent the insertion of a card between the lock and the door, usually requiring a key both to open and close it. \Bdeadlock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeadly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing or tending to cause death: 'a \Ideadly\j\b\i poison'.
\CX12.\j\b\i aiming to destroy or kill: '\Ideadly\j\b\i enemies'.
\CX13.\j\b\i like death: 'a \Ideadly\j\b\i paleness'. \Bdeadly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a manner suggesting death, b) excessively; \Bdeadliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeadly nightshade\h
belladonna.
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\Hdeadpan\h
\Padjective\p (of a face) lacking expression or reaction.
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\Hdeaf\h
\Isay\j\b\i def \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unable to hear or to hear well.
\CX12.\j\b\i refusing to listen: 'he turned a \Ideaf\j\b\i ear to her pleas'. \Bdeafness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeafen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deff\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make deaf.
\CX12.\j\b\i to overwhelm with noise. \Bdeafeningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeaf-mute\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is deaf and dumb.
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\Hdeal (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdealt\j\b\i, \Bdealing\j\b\i)
to be occupied with or manage: 'let us \Ideal\j\b\i with this problem first'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I always \Ideal\j\b\i with that company' (= do business with).
b) 'we \Idealt\j\b\i a hand of cards' (= distributed).
c) 'the boxer \Idealt\j\b\i his opponent a heavy blow' (= delivered).
\Bdeal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an agreement or arrangement: 'we made a \Ideal\j\b\i not to say anything'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or an instance of dealing.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba good deal of\j\b\i, a large amount or quantity of.
\Ba great deal of\j\b\i, much or most.
\Ba raw deal\j\b\i, any unfair treatment. \Bdealer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a trader or merchant; \Bdealings\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, relations, especially business, with people or organisations.
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\Hdeal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish, American:\j\b\i a board or plank of softwood, usually pine.
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\Hdean\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a teacher or official in charge of students and the internal running of a college or a faculty of a university.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the head of a cathedral, college church or part of a diocese. \Bdeanery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the residence of a dean, b) the office of a dean.
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\Hdear\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i beloved or highly regarded: 'a \Idear\j\b\i friend'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a greeting in letters, etc.: '\IDear\j\b\i John'.
\Isay\j\b\i deth \Pnoun\p a) the act of dying: 'his \Ideath\j\b\i occurred last week'. b) the state of being dead: 'he drank himself to \Ideath\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it was the \Ideath\j\b\i of all hope' (= extinction).
b) 'a painless \Ideath\j\b\i' (= manner of dying).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdo to death\j\b\i, a) to kill; b) to repeat until stale.
\Bput to death\j\b\i, to execute.
\Bsick to death\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) extremely annoyed or irritated. \Bdeathly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like death; \Bdeathly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a manner resembling death, b) extremely or utterly.
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\Hdeath duty\h
also called an \Bestate duty\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a tax paid upon the inheriting of property.
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\Hdeath rate\h
also called the \Bmortality rate\j\b\i
the number of deaths in proportion to the total population at a given time, expressed per 1000 people. Compare \Jbirth rate\j\b\i.
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\Hdeathtrap\h
\Pnoun\p a situation involving risk of death: 'this intersection is a \Ideathtrap\j\b\i'.
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\Hdeb\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a debutante.
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\Hdebacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-\CX1bah\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p dΘbΓcle a sudden or overwhelming collapse or disaster.
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\Hdebar\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdebarred\j\b\i, \Bdebarring\j\b\i)
a) to exclude: 'he was \Idebarred\j\b\i from the club'. b) to prevent or prohibit: 'he was \Idebarred\j\b\i from driving after the accident'. \Bdebarment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdebase\h
\Pverb\p to lower in quality, rank or dignity. \Bdebasement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdebaser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who debases.
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\Hdebate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a discussion, especially of a public question.
\CX12.\j\b\i an organised contest in which opposing points of view are argued.
\Bdebate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to discuss.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'm \Idebating\j\b\i whether to sell my car or not' (= considering, deliberating upon). \Bdebater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdebatable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, open to question.
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\Hdebauchery\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1baw\j\b\icha-ree \Pnoun\p an excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures. \Bdebauch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdebauched\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, corrupt; \Bdebauchee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-baw-\CX1chee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes a habit of debauchery; \Bdebaucher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who corrupts others.
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\Hdebenture\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1ben\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p an interest-bearing loan or mortgage on the assets of a company, often traded on stock exchanges.
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\Hdebility\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a general weakness or feebleness. \Bdebilitate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdebilitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdebit\h
\Pnoun\p a record of a debt entered in an account. Compare \Jcredit\j\b\i. \Bdebit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdebonair\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1debb\j\b\ia-nair \CX1debonaire\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i urbane or pleasantly gracious.
\CX12.\j\b\i cheerful or lively. French \Ide bon\j\b\i of good + \Iaire\j\b\i disposition
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\Hdebouch\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1bowch\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i de-\CX1boosh\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to emerge: 'the troops left the ravine and \Idebouched\j\b\i on to the main road'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to issue: 'there the river \Idebouches\j\b\i into the sea'.
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\Hdebriefing\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1bree\j\b\i-fing \Pnoun\p the questioning of soldiers, astronauts, etc. who have returned from a mission, in order to assess the success of the mission. \Bdebrief\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdebris\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1bree\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-bree \Pnoun\p dΘbris the remains of anything broken or destroyed: 'the road was covered with \Idebris\j\b\i after the accident'. French \IdΘbriser\j\b\i to break down
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\Hdebt\h
\Isay\j\b\i det \Pnoun\p anything which one person owes to another.
\Bbad debt\j\b\i, a debt which is unlikely to be paid.
a person who owes money to another. Compare \Jcreditor\j\b\i.
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\Hdebug\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdebugged\j\b\i, \Bdebugging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to discover and remove faults in a computer program, electronic device, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to remove electronic listening devices.
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\Hdebunk\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to expose exaggeration or falseness.
#
\Hdebut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-boo \Pnoun\p a first public appearance on the stage, television, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the President's daughter made her \Idebut\j\b\i last night' (= introduction and entry into society). \Bdebutante\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deb\j\b\i-yoo-tant), \Inoun\j\b\i, a girl who makes her social debut. French \IdΘbuter\j\b\i to make the first stroke in a game
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\Hdeca-\h
a prefix meaning ten, as in \Idecahedron\j\b\i. Compare \Jdeka-\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hdecade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dek\j\b\i-ade \Pnoun\p a period of ten years.
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\Hdecadence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dekk\j\b\ia-d'nce \Pnoun\p a process or condition of deterioration, especially in a moral or artistic sense: 'the \Idecadence\j\b\i of the 1890's showed itself in a taste for exotic and perverse pleasures'. \Bdecadent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, involved in or practising decadence; \Bdecadently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdecagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dekk\j\b\ia-g'n \Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with ten straight sides. \Bdecagonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dek-\CX1agg\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecahedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i dekka-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a solid or hollow body with ten plane faces. \Bdecahedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bdeca-\j\b\i + Greek \Ihedra\j\b\i base
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\Hdecamp\h
\Pverb\p to leave suddenly or secretly: 'the accountant \Idecamped\j\b\i with the company funds'. \Bdecampment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecant\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kant\j\b\i \Pverb\p to pour a liquid, especially wine, from one container to another.
#
\Hdecanter\h
\Pnoun\p an ornamental flask or bottle for serving wines.
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\Hdecapitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kapp\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to behead. \Bdecapitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bde-\j\b\i + Latin \Icaput\j\b\i head
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\Hdecarbonise\h
\Pverb\p decarbonize to remove accumulated deposits of carbon from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
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\Hdecasyllable\h
\Isay\j\b\i dekka-\CX1sill\j\b\ia-b'l \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a line with ten syllables. \Bdecasyllabic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dekka-sil-\CX1abb\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecathlon\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kath\j\b\ilon \Pnoun\p a contest in which athletes compete for the highest total score in ten separate events. \Bdeca-\j\b\i + Greek \Iathlon\j\b\i contest
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\Hdecay\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rot away or deteriorate: a) 'the previous owners allowed the house to \Idecay\j\b\i around them'; b) 'the leaves slowly \Idecayed\j\b\i on the lawn'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of a nucleus) to disintegrate owing to the affect of radioactivity. \Bdecay\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ide-\j\b\i down + \Icadere\j\b\i to fall
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\Hdecease\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1seece\j\b\i \Pnoun\p death: 'on his uncle's \Idecease\j\b\i he expects to become a wealthy man'. \Bdecease\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bde-\j\b\i + Latin \Icessus\j\b\i gone
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\Hdeceit\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1seet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or practice of misleading someone by concealing or distorting the truth.
\CX12.\j\b\i a trick or stratagem. \Bdeceitful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeceitfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeceitfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeceive\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to mislead by concealing or distorting the truth. \Bdeceivingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeceiver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecelerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1sella\j\b\i-rate \Pverb\p to decrease in velocity.
\Bdeceleration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jretardation\j\b\i. \Bdecelerator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which causes deceleration.
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\HDecember\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sem\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p the twelfth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. Latin \Idecem\j\b\i ten, because December was the tenth month of the Roman calendar
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\Hdecent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p conforming to accepted social standards in matters of taste or conduct.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they come from a very \Idecent\j\b\i family' (= respectable).
b) 'the workers demanded a \Idecent\j\b\i living wage' (= fair, tolerable).
c) 'it was \Idecent\j\b\i of you to lend me your car' (= kind).
d) 'are you \Idecent\j\b\i yet?' (= properly dressed).
\Bdecency\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state or quality of being decent.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the requirements of a decent way of life: 'the corpse was buried so hastily that none of the \Idecencies\j\b\i could be observed'. \Bdecently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdecentralisation\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-sentra-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p decentralization the distribution of administrative powers among local or regional authorities. \Bdecentralise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeception\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deceiving: 'the impostor practised \Ideception\j\b\i on his victims'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being deceived.
\CX13.\j\b\i a trick or artifice: 'his mean \Ideceptions\j\b\i were finally exposed'. \Bdeceptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, deceiving or misleading; \Bdeceptively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeci-\h
\Isay\j\b\i dessi a prefix used for SI units, meaning one tenth (10{\up6 -1\j\b\i).
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\Hdecibel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ii-bel \Pnoun\p a unit of sound intensity.
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\Hdecide\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1side\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a choice: 'she \Idecided\j\b\i to continue despite her lawyer's advice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to settle a question or conflict: 'the election will not be \Idecided\j\b\i until all votes are counted'.
\Bdecided\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
definite or unquestionable: 'there is a \Idecided\j\b\i difference between them'. \Bdecidedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeciduous\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1sid\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to an animal or plant which regularly sheds part of itself, such as skin, antlers, leaves, etc. Latin \Idecidere\j\b\i to fall down
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\Hdecimal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ii-m'l \Pnoun\p a fraction in which the denominator is a power of ten, usually written with a point, called the \Bdecimal point\j\b\i. \IExample\j\b\i: 0.03 is [***3/100].
\Bdecimal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) relating to or based on tens: '\Idecimal\j\b\i currency'. b) expressed or expressible as a decimal: 'a \Idecimal\j\b\i fraction'. \Bdecimally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecimalise\j\b\i, \Bdecimalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to express in decimals. Latin \Idecimus\j\b\i tenth
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\Hdecimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ii-mate \Pverb\p to kill or destroy a large part of: 'the massive air-raids \Idecimated\j\b\i the civilian population'. \Bdecimation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idecimare\j\b\i to kill every tenth man, as punishment in a disgraced army
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\Hdecipher\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-fir \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to find the meaning of something indistinct or hard to understand: 'the lawyer tried to \Idecipher\j\b\i the faded writing of the will'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to decode something written in cipher. \Bdecipherable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecision\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deciding: 'he was faced with a difficult \Idecision\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a judgement reached or given: 'the government's \Idecision\j\b\i on wage rises will be announced soon'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a firmness or lack of hesitation: 'act with \Idecision\j\b\i'.
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\Hdecisive\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-siv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i giving a definite result or determining the course of something: 'it was the \Idecisive\j\b\i battle of the war'.
\CX12.\j\b\i determined or resolute: 'the sergeant gave his orders in a \Idecisive\j\b\i tone of voice'. \Bdecisively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecisiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeck\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a horizontal floor or platform extending from one side of a ship to the other. b) any similar platform or level: 'the top \Ideck\j\b\i of the bus'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a pack of cards.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i See \Jtape deck\j\b\i.
\Bdeck\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to decorate or adorn: 'they \Idecked\j\b\i the streets with flags'.
\Bdeck out\j\b\i, to clothe or attire.
\Bdecking\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any material, especially timber, used to make the deck of a ship.
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\Hdeckchair\h
\Pnoun\p a light, folding chair, used outdoors, with the back and seat usually made of canvas.
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\Hdeclaim\h
\Pverb\p to speak formally or rhetorically, especially in public: 'the Church council \Ideclaimed\j\b\i against the decay of public morals'. \Bdeclamation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dekla-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeclamatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1klamm\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeclaration\h
\Isay\j\b\i dekla-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of declaring. b) that which is declared: 'the American \IDeclaration\j\b\i of Independence was written in 1776'. \Bdeclarative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeclaratory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1klarr\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to explain or make clear.
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\Hdeclare\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to announce formally or officially: 'the authorities \Ideclared\j\b\i a ban on all fires in the open'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to assert forcefully: 'she \Ideclared\j\b\i that he had better not darken her door again'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a statement of goods on which customs duties must be paid.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i to close an innings voluntarily, before all ten wickets have fallen. \Bdeclarable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeclared\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, openly avowed; \Bdeclaredly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to remove a document from a security classification.
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\Hdeclension\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1klen\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the inflection of a \Pnoun\p, \Ppronoun\p or \Padjective\p, to express its case, number, or gender, especially in a language such as Latin. \IExample\j\b\i: \Iwho\j\b\i, in the nominative case, becomes \Iwhose\j\b\i in the possessive case and \Iwhom\j\b\i in the objective case. Compare \Jconjugation\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a group of such words which have similar endings for each case: 'Latin \Pnoun\ps are usually divided into five \Ideclensions\j\b\i'. b) the complete set of the inflected forms of such a word: 'I was asked to recite the \Ideclension\j\b\i of a Latin \Pnoun\p'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a downward slope or movement: 'the steep \Ideclension\j\b\i of the land near the sea'.
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\Hdeclination\h
\Isay\j\b\i dekli-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the angle between the direction of a planet or star and the plane of the celestial equator.
\CX12.\j\b\i a downward bend or slope.
\CX13.\j\b\i the deviation of the needle of a compass from true north or south.
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\Hdecline\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to refuse politely: 'he \Ideclined\j\b\i our offer of a loan'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to slope or cause to slope downward: 'this road \Ideclines\j\b\i steeply for the next two miles'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i to list the inflections of a \Pnoun\p, \Ppronoun\p or \Padjective\p.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'as she grew older her strength began to \Idecline\j\b\i' (= weaken).
b) 'profits \Ideclined\j\b\i in the first six months of the year' (= decreased).
\Bdecline\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a falling or sinking: 'a \Idecline\j\b\i in prices.
\CX12.\j\b\i a downward slope or incline.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Idecline\j\b\i in health' (= gradual weakening).
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\Hdeclivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1klivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a steep downward slope.
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\Hdeclutch\h
\Pverb\p to disengage the clutch of a motor vehicle when changing gears.
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\Hdecoct\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kokt\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to extract an essence or part of a substance by boiling in water. b) to reduce or concentrate by boiling down. \Bdecoction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecode\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1kode\j\b\i \Pverb\p to convert a code into the original message or form.
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\Hdecoke\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to decarbonise.
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\HdΘcolletΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-\CX1kol\j\b\itay \Padjective\p (of a dress) having a low neckline. \BdΘcolletage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i day-kolt-\CX1ah\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the neckline of a dress cut low in front.
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\Hdecommission\h
\Pverb\p (of equipment) to remove from service.
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\Hdecompose\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-k'm-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to break down or separate into component parts or elements: 'some bacteria \Idecompose\j\b\i nitrates to nitrogen and oxygen'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to decay: 'the corpse had begun to \Idecompose\j\b\i by the time the police found it'.
\Bdecomposer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i any organism, such as a fungus, which obtains energy by breaking down complex substances into simpler ones. \Bdecomposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dee-kompa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdecomposable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecompress\h
\Isay\j\b\i deek'm-\CX1press\j\b\i \Pverb\p to relieve pressure. \Bdecompression\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecompression chamber\h
a chamber in which divers, or pilots of unpressurised aircraft, are treated for the bends. The air-pressure is increased until nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues redissolve, after which the pressure is reduced slowly.
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\Hdecongestant\h
\Isay\j\b\i deek'n-\CX1jes\j\b\itant \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a drug which relieves the build-up of fluid, especially mucus, in a part of the body. \Bdecongestant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecontaminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-k'n-\CX1tamm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to neutralise or destroy the harmful effects of poisonous chemicals or radioactive substances. \Bdecontamination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1day\j\b\i-kor \Pnoun\p dΘcor \CX11.\j\b\i the style or scheme of decoration in a room, home, restaurant, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i the scenery or scenic decoration.
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\Hdecorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dekk\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to add to something to make it look more beautiful or pleasing: a) 'they \Idecorated\j\b\i the kitchen in vivid colours'; b) 'a Christmas tree \Idecorated\j\b\i with coloured lights'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to confer honour on a person by awarding a medal, badge, etc.: 'his father was \Idecorated\j\b\i for bravery during World War 2'.
\Bdecoration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of decorating.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which decorates or makes more beautiful.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is only a \Idecoration\j\b\i on the committee' (= ineffectual person). \Bdecorator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who decorates houses, offices, etc. as a profession; \Bdecorative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dek\j\b\ira-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdecoratively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecorativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dekk\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p conforming to accepted social standards of propriety or good taste: 'his \Idecorous\j\b\i behaviour made him a welcome guest'. \Bdecorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecorum\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kaw\j\b\i-r'm \Pnoun\p propriety and good taste in conduct, dress, speech, etc.
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\Hdecoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-koy \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bird or model of a bird, used to lure game.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person used to lure or entice another into a trap.
\Bdecoy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to lure or trap by using a decoy. from Dutch, \Ide kooi\j\b\i, the cage
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\Hdecrease\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1kreece\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make or become less in size, quantity, intensity, etc.
a) the process of decreasing: 'industrial accidents are on the \Idecrease\j\b\i'. b) the amount by which something is decreased: 'a large \Idecrease\j\b\i in industrial accidents'. \Bdecreasingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Idecrescere\j\b\i to grow less
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\Hdecree\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kree\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an official \Ppronoun\pcement or edict: 'the government \Idecree\j\b\i announced an amnesty for all political prisoners'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a court order or judgement.
\Bdecree\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdecreed\j\b\i, \Bdecreeing\j\b\i)
to issue a decree.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'fate \Idecreed\j\b\i that they would never have children' (= ordained). \Bdecretal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1kree\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdecree nisi\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-kree \CX1nigh\j\b\i-sigh \ILaw:\j\b\i a decree of divorce which will be made final after three months, unless cause is shown why it should not be made final. Latin \Idecretus\j\b\i a decision + \Inisi\j\b\i unless
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\Hdecrement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dek\j\b\iri-m'nt \Pnoun\p a) a decrease. b) the amount by which something decreases.
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\Hdecrepit\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1krepp\j\b\iit \Padjective\p broken down by old age or ill health. \Bdecrepitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdecrepitude\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being decrepit.
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\Hdecrepitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1krepp\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p a) to heat or roast a substance, especially a salt, until it makes a crackling sound or until this sound ceases. b) to make a crackling sound. \Bdecrepitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdecretal\h
\Padjective\p See \Jdecree\j\b\i.
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\Hdecriminalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1krimm\j\b\iina-lize \Pverb\p decriminalize to legislate so that what was formerly a criminal offence is no longer illegal.
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\Hdecry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdecried\j\b\i, \Bdecrying\j\b\i)
to condemn or speak disparagingly of.
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\Hdedicate\h
\Pverb\p (of an author) to inscribe a book, poem, etc., with a person's name as a sign of affection, gratitude, respect, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Idedicated\j\b\i himself to work' (= devoted). \Bdedication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdedicated\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wholly devoted to something; \Bdedicatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1dew\j\b\ice \Pverb\p to reach a conclusion by reasoning from something known: 'the detective \Ideduced\j\b\i from the size of the footprints that the intruder was a child'. \Bdeducible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeduct\h
\Pverb\p to take away from a total amount: 'he \Ideducted\j\b\i the running costs of his car from his taxable income'. \Bdeductable\j\b\i, \Bdeductible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeduction\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or process of deducting. b) something which is deducted: 'a tax \Ideduction\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a process of reasoning in which a particular conclusion is reached after an evaluation of the known facts. b) a conclusion reached by this process.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a process of reasoning from a general law to a particular instance. b) a conclusion reached by this process. Compare \Jinduction\j\b\i. \Bdeductive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, arguing or reasoning by deduction; \Bdeductively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an act or something done. b) an exploit or feat: 'the \Ideeds\j\b\i of Joan of Arc were celebrated in song and legend'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a formal document which is proof of an agreement between two or more people, especially in the transfer of land.
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\Hdeed poll\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i a deed declaring formally and publicly a person's act or intentions, especially in the case of changing one's name.
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\Hdeem\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to assume as a fact.
\CX12.\j\b\i to think or to have an opinion: 'the lawyer \Ideemed\j\b\i it against his client's interests to call the witness'.
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\Hdeep\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i far down or going far down: a) 'take a \Ideep\j\b\i breath'; b) 'the water is only a few metres \Ideep\j\b\i at this point'.
\CX12.\j\b\i extending far in width: 'I pushed it to the back of that \Ideep\j\b\i shelf'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the Lord Mayor spoke in a \Ideep\j\b\i, commanding voice' (= low in pitch).
b) 'she has a \Ideep\j\b\i mistrust of politicians' (= intense).
c) 'the radio telescope receives signals from \Ideep\j\b\i space' (= far distant).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he appears to be very open, but I was told he's a \Ideep\j\b\i one' (= shrewd, cunning).
e) 'we discovered him \Ideep\j\b\i in thought' (= engrossed, occupied).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'nuclear physics is too \Ideep\j\b\i for me' (= difficult, involved).
\Bgo off the deep end\j\b\i, to become enraged.
\Bdeep\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
any deep place, especially in the ocean: 'our ancestors believed in monsters of the \Ideep\j\b\i'. \Bdeep\j\b\i, \Bdeeply\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bdeepness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeepen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become deep or deeper.
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\Hdeep-freeze\h
\Pnoun\p a freezer. \Bdeep-freeze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
to cook something by immersing it in hot oil. \Bdeep-frier\j\b\i, \Bdeep-fryer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeer\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdeer\j\b\i
any of various hoofed mammals, the males of which have antlers.
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\Hdeerstalker\h
\Pnoun\p a helmet-shaped, cloth cap with earflaps and a peak at the back and the front.
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\Hdeface\h
\Pverb\p to damage or spoil something deliberately: 'vandals had \Idefaced\j\b\i the railway carriage by slashing the seats'. \Bdefacement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hde facto\h
\Isay\j\b\i day \CX1fak\j\b\i-toe existing or occurring in fact but not according to law: 'a \Ide facto\j\b\i husband'. Latin, from the fact
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\Hdefame\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fame\j\b\i \Pverb\p to destroy or attempt to destroy a person's good name and reputation.
the wrong of injuring a person's good name without cause: 'to sue for \Idefamation\j\b\i of character'. \Bdefamatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1famm\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdefault\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1folt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a failure to perform a required act: 'the defendant's \Idefault\j\b\i in not appearing for trial cost him the case'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby default\j\b\i, 'they won the game \Iby default\j\b\i when the opposing team didn't turn up' (= without having to compete).
\Bin default of\j\b\i, in the absence of. \Bdefault\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdefaulter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who defaults.
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\Hdefeat\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1feet\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to win a victory over: 'the evil forces were \Idefeated\j\b\i by the power of good'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to frustrate or thwart: 'repeated strikes \Idefeated\j\b\i his hopes of expanding production'.
\Bdefeat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of defeating: 'his \Idefeat\j\b\i of the World Champion earned him renown in the boxing world'. b) a loss: 'the football team suffered four successive \Idefeats\j\b\i'.
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\Hdefeatist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who expects defeat or failure and therefore considers that effort is useless. \Bdefeatist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdefeatism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefecate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deff\j\b\ia-kate \Pverb\p to expel faeces from the bowels. \Bdefecation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-fekt \Pnoun\p a fault or flaw: 'the spluttering noise in the stereo was caused by a \Idefect\j\b\i in the amplifier'.
to abandon a cause or desert one's country, especially for political reasons: 'the spy attempted to \Idefect\j\b\i to the East'. \Bdefection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefective\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fek\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a defect: 'the police officer pointed out that the car's brakes were \Idefective\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i having less than normal intelligence. \Bdefectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdefectiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefence\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fence\j\b\i \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bdefense\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of defending: 'the \Idefence\j\b\i of the outpost cost many lives'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something that defends: 'the city's \Idefences\j\b\i were weakened by continual artillery fire'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an argument or speech in justification of something: 'she put up an able \Idefence\j\b\i of the re-zoning proposals'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the pleading of a defendant in answer to the charge against him or her. b) the defendant together with his or her legal counsel: 'the \Idefence\j\b\i rests its case, Your Honour'. \Bdefenceless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdefencelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefence mechanism\h
\IPsychology:\j\b\i a process by which a person, often unconsciously, protects himself or herself from threatening or unpleasant ideas or emotions.
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\Hdefend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to protect from danger or attack: 'to \Idefend\j\b\i one's honour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to uphold or support, especially a belief or opinion: 'the Minister \Idefended\j\b\i the Government's housing scheme'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i (of a barrister) to represent a defendant in a court case. \Bdefendable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdefender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefendant\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fend\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a person against whom a charge or suit is brought in a court. Compare \Jplaintiff\j\b\i.
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\Hdefensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fens\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p capable of being defended: 'a \Idefensible\j\b\i argument'. \Bdefensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdefensibility\j\b\i, \Bdefensibleness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hdefensive\h
\Padjective\p serving to defend: a) 'a \Idefensive\j\b\i manoeuvre by the army'; b) 'her attitude was \Idefensive\j\b\i'. \Bdefensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdefensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to delay or postpone intentionally: 'the surgeon \Ideferred\j\b\i the operation until the results of tests were checked'. \Bdeferment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idifferre\j\b\i to delay
any courteous and polite respect: 'he treats his parents with \Ideference\j\b\i even when he disagrees with them'. \Bdeferential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i deffa-\CX1ren\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeferent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeferentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ideferre\j\b\i to grant
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\Hdefiance\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fie\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p the state of defying or refusing to recognise authority: 'he expressed his \Idefiance\j\b\i in wild behaviour'. \Bdefiant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdefiantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeficiency\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fish\j\b\i'n-see \Pnoun\p a lack or insufficiency: 'a \Ideficiency\j\b\i of iron in the body may cause anaemia'. \Bdeficient\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeficiency disease\h
an illness caused by an insufficiency of one or more essential constituents of the diet.
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\Hdeficit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deff\j\b\ii-sit \Pnoun\p \ICommerce:\j\b\i the amount by which expenditure exceeds receipts.
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\Hdefile (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1file\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make filthy or unclean: 'toxic chemicals had \Idefiled\j\b\i the river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to corrupt or desecrate. \Bdefilement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefile (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-file \Pnoun\p a narrow pass or gorge between mountains.
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\Hdefine\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1fine\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to state the exact meaning of: '\Idefine\j\b\i that word'. b) to describe the nature or properties of: '\Idefine\j\b\i an elementary particle for me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to determine or state the limits or boundary of: 'please \Idefine\j\b\i the area you are describing'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make the outline or form show clearly: 'the artist \Idefined\j\b\i the shape by drawing a black line around it'.
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\Hdefinite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deff\j\b\ia-nit \Padjective\p clear or unambiguous: 'she didn't give me a \Idefinite\j\b\i answer either way'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Idefinite\j\b\i that she had seen that face before' (= sure, certain). \Bdefinitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdefiniteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefinite article\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jarticle\j\b\i.
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\Hdefinition\h
\Isay\j\b\i deffi-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of defining.
\CX12.\j\b\i the statement of the precise meaning of a word, phrase, term, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) the clarity of an image formed by a mirror, lens or cathode-ray tube. b) the clarity of reproduction of sound.
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\Hdefinitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1finn\j\b\ii-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i final or conclusive: 'the Battle of Britain was a \Idefinitive\j\b\i victory in World War 2'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being the most authoritative or comprehensive: 'a \Idefinitive\j\b\i history of the Middle Ages'. \Bdefinitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdefinitiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeflate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to release air or gas from a container, such as a balloon, tyre, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the scandal \Ideflated\j\b\i his good name' (= reduced).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i to produce deflation.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i a) any measures taken to lower the prices of goods and services, such as the reduction of the amount of currency in circulation. b) the effects of such measures. Compare \Jinflation\j\b\i. \Bdeflationary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeflect\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1flekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to turn aside: a) 'the golf ball hit a tree and was \Ideflected\j\b\i from its course'; b) 'Jimmy is easily distracted or \Ideflected\j\b\i from his purpose'. \Bdeflection\j\b\i, \Bdeflexion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeflective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing deflection; \Bdeflectable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of being deflected.
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\Hdeflower\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1flower\j\b\i \Pverb\p to deprive of virginity.
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\Hdefoliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1fole\j\b\i-ee-ate \Pverb\p to strip plants of their leaves, especially by using a chemical spray. \Bdefoliant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a chemical used to strip plants of their leaves; \Bdefoliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeforestation\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-forri-\CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the removal of trees or forests. \Bdeforest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeform\h
\Pverb\p to spoil or disfigure the natural shape or appearance of: 'his leg was \Ideformed\j\b\i by a large tumour'. \Bdeformation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeformity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being deformed, b) something which is deformed.
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\Hdefraud\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1frawd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cheat or swindle a person out of property or a right.
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\Hdefray\h
\Pverb\p to pay: 'the expenses of the freeway are to be \Idefrayed\j\b\i out of taxation'. \Bdefrayal\j\b\i, \Bdefrayment\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a payment of costs or expenses; \Bdefrayable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdefrock\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bunfrock\j\b\i
\IReligion:\j\b\i to expel a priest from the priesthood for an offence.
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\Hdefrost\h
\Pverb\p a) to remove ice and frost from a refrigerator. b) to thaw frozen food.
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\Hdeft\h
\Padjective\p skilful or adroit: 'her \Ideft\j\b\i hands swiftly bandaged the wound'. \Bdeftly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeftness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefunct\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1funkt\j\b\i \Padjective\p having ceased to exist or function: 'all London's trolleybuses are now \Idefunct\j\b\i'. \Bdefunctness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdefuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1fewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to remove the fuse of: 'experts were called in to \Idefuse\j\b\i the unexploded bomb'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the diplomat tried to \Idefuse\j\b\i the tense political situation' (= render safe or calm).
to oppose actively or boldly, often in the sense of a challenge: 'the cornered man \Idefied\j\b\i the police to come and get him'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the speed and ferocity of the bushfire \Idefied\j\b\i belief' (= went beyond).
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\HdΘgagΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-gah-\CX1\Izh\j\b\iay\j\b\i \Padjective\p free and easy in manner.
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\Hdegenerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lose or decline in good qualities: a) 'he \Idegenerated\j\b\i into a selfish playboy'; b) 'her health \Idegenerated\j\b\i rapidly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to change to a less complex, specialised or active form: 'in humans, the appendix has \Idegenerated\j\b\i to the stage where it serves no useful purpose'.
a person who has degenerated: 'he has become a moral \Idegenerate\j\b\i'. \Bdegenerately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdegeneracy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdegeneration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the process of degenerating, b) the state of being degenerate; \Bdegenerative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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degrade \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lower in rank, status, quality or degree.
\CX12.\j\b\i to deprave, corrupt or disgrace: 'I felt \Idegraded\j\b\i by my disgusting actions'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i to wear down by erosion.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of complex compounds) to break down into simpler compounds. \Bdegradation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i degra-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of degrading, b) the state of being degraded.
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\Hdegree\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a step or level in a scale or process: a) 'the \Idegree\j\b\i of proficiency reached by a student'; b) 'Aunt Emily came from a family of high \Idegree\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a unit of angular measurement, one 360th of a full circle, equal to 0.75 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 -2\j\b\i radian.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeography, Astronomy:\j\b\i a unit of latitude or longitude.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhysics, Chemistry\j\b\i: a unit in a temperature scale.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a certificate given in recognition of a student's completion of all the requirements in a course of university study.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i any of three forms taken by an \Padjective\p or \Padverb\p to express comparison, being \Bpositive\j\b\i (she is \Ismart\j\b\i), \Bcomparative\j\b\i (she is \Ismarter\j\b\i than her sister), \Bsuperlative\j\b\i (she is the \Ismartest\j\b\i in her class).
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\Hdehisce\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1hiss\j\b\i \Pverb\p (of the pods of plants) to burst open. \Bdehiscence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdehiscent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdehumanise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1hew\j\b\ima-nize \Pverb\p dehumanize to brutalise or take away the human qualities of. \Bdehumanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdehydrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1high\j\b\idrate \Pverb\p to lose or remove water. \Bdehydration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ide-\j\b\i away + \Ihydor\j\b\i water
to make or worship as a god. \Bdeification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dee-iffi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeign\h
\Isay\j\b\i dane \Pverb\p to condescend: 'she would not \Ideign\j\b\i to answer such a rude question'.
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\Hdeism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p a belief in the existence of a god, based only upon reason or logic and denying all supernatural revelation. Compare \Jtheism\j\b\i. \Bdeist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dee\CX1ist\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ideus\j\b\i god
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\Hdeity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p a) a god or goddess. b) the divine nature of a god or goddess.
\BDeity\j\b\i, the God.
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\HdΘjα vu\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-\Izh\j\b\ia \CX1voo\j\b\i a feeling of familiarity when encountering a completely new scene or experience. French
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\Hdejected\h
\Padjective\p sad and depressed. \Bdejectedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdejectedness\j\b\i, \Bdejection\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bdeject\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeka-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning ten (10{\up6 1\j\b\i).
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\Hdekko\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a look: 'let's have a \Idekko\j\b\i at the bike'. Hindi
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\Hdelay\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1lay\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put off until later: 'we must \Idelay\j\b\i our departure until next week'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make late: 'the flat tyre \Idelayed\j\b\i us for several hours'. \Bdelay\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelectable\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1lek\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p delightful or pleasing. \Bdelectably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdelectation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, delight or enjoyment.
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\Hdelegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dell\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to appoint or send someone as a representative: 'when he could not go to the meeting he \Idelegated\j\b\i Smith to go'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give powers, duties, etc. to someone else: 'she \Idelegated\j\b\i work to her assistant'. \Bdelegate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dell\j\b\ii-git), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who acts for or represents another; \Bdelegation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of delegating, b) a group of delegates.
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\Hdelete\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1leet\j\b\i \Pverb\p to strike out or erase: 'several scenes have been \Ideleted\j\b\i from the film'. \Bdeletion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of deleting, b) something deleted.
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\Hdeleterious\h
\Isay\j\b\i delli-\CX1teer\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p harmful, especially to health. \Bdeleteriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeli\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a delicatessen.
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\Hdeliberate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1libb\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i carefully considered and intended: 'a \Ideliberate\j\b\i act of cruelty'.
\CX12.\j\b\i slow and cautious in action, etc.: 'the politician has a \Ideliberate\j\b\i manner'.
to think or talk about carefully: 'the jury \Ideliberated\j\b\i before giving a verdict'. \Bdeliberately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeliberateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeliberation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) careful consideration, b) slowness or caution in action, etc.; \Bdeliberative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, involved in deliberation.
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\Hdelicacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dell\j\b\iika-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fineness of texture, quality, manner, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Idelicacy\j\b\i of the child's health leaves him prone to sickness' (= weakness).
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of requiring careful or tactful treatment: 'a matter of some \Idelicacy\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything fine or pleasing, especially to the palate: 'many people think caviar is a \Idelicacy\j\b\i'.
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\Hdelicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dell\j\b\ii-kit \Padjective\p fine in texture, quality, manner, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Idelicate\j\b\i vase' (= fragile).
b) 'a \Idelicate\j\b\i situation' (= requiring tact). \Bdelicately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdelicateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelicatessen\h
\Isay\j\b\i dellika-\CX1tess\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a shop selling cooked meats, cheeses and other foods, especially ones which have been imported. German \IDelikatesse\j\b\i delicacy
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\Hdelicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1lish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p highly pleasing, especially in taste or smell: 'a \Idelicious\j\b\i meal'. \Bdeliciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeliciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelight\h
\Pnoun\p a) any great pleasure or joy. b) anything which gives pleasure. \Bdelight\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdelightedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdelightful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, highly pleasing; \Bdelightfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdelightfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelimit\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1limm\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to fix or mark the limits of. \Bdelimitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelineate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1linn\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to describe or give an outline of: 'he \Idelineated\j\b\i the plan'. \Bdelineation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdelinquent\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1link\j\b\i-w'nt \Pnoun\p a person who fails in a duty or is guilty of misdeeds: 'a juvenile \Idelinquent\j\b\i'.
\Bdelinquent\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
failing in a duty or obligation. \Bdelinquently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdelinquency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idelinquens\j\b\i being at fault
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\Hdeliquescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i delli-\CX1kwess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of a crystal) absorbing water from the atmosphere in such quantities that the substance becomes a liquid. Compare \Jefflorescent\j\b\i. \Bdeliquesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdeliquescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ideliquescere\j\b\i to melt away
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\Hdelirious\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1leer\j\b\iius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i affected with delirium.
\CX12.\j\b\i wildly excited or enthusiastic. \Bdeliriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeliriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idelirus\j\b\i demented
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\Hdelirium\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1leer\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a disorder of the mind, usually temporary, causing visions, delusions and irrational behaviour.
\CX12.\j\b\i any wild emotion or excitement.
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\Hdelirium tremens\h
short form is \BDTs\j\b\i
a state of delirium and shaking as a symptom of prolonged alcoholism. Latin \Itremens\j\b\i trembling
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\Hdeliver\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give into the possession of someone else: 'to \Ideliver\j\b\i a letter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give birth to, or assist at a birth.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the bowler \Idelivered\j\b\i the ball to the batsman' (= directed, cast).
b) 'they were \Idelivered\j\b\i from the peril' (= saved).
c) 'the jury \Idelivered\j\b\i its verdict' (= \Ppronoun\pced).
\Bdelivery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of delivering: 'there will be no mail \Idelivery\j\b\i on Saturdays'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or manner of giving or sending forth: a) 'the actor had very poor \Idelivery\j\b\i'; b) 'another good \Idelivery\j\b\i from the bowler'. \Bdeliverance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, release or rescue.
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\Hdell\h
\Pnoun\p a small valley.
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\Hdelphinium\h
\Isay\j\b\i del-\CX1finn\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p a garden plant with spikes of blue flowers.
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\Hdelta\h
\Pnoun\p a deposit, usually fan-shaped, of large amounts of silt at the mouth of a river, which divides it into branches. from \Idelta\j\b\i, a triangular-shaped letter of the Greek alphabet
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\Hdelude\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1lood\j\b\i \Pverb\p to mislead or deceive.
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\Hdeluge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1del\j\b\i-yooj \Pnoun\p a flood or downpour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'at the press conference he faced a \Ideluge\j\b\i of questions' (= overwhelming number). \Bdeluge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdelusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1loo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of deluding. b) the fact of being deluded.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a false opinion: 'he has \Idelusions\j\b\i about his own importance'. b) a belief which is held despite contradictory evidence, etc. \Bdelusive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1loo\j\b\isiv), \Bdelusory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. See \Jillusion\j\b\i.
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\Hde luxe\h
\Isay\j\b\i de \CX1luks\j\b\i luxurious or of a high quality: 'a \Ide luxe\j\b\i hotel'. French, of luxury
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\Hdelve\h
\Pverb\p to search deeply: 'in the investigation you must \Idelve\j\b\i into all the evidence'.
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\Hdemagogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1demm\j\b\ia-gog \Pnoun\p a leader who uses people's emotions and prejudices for his or her own interests. \Bdemagoguery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i demma-\CX1gogg\j\b\ia-ree), \Bdemagogy\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bdemagogic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i demma-\CX1gogg\j\b\iik), \Bdemagogical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Idemos\j\b\i people + \Iagogos\j\b\i leader
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\Hdemand\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mahnd\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to ask for, leaving no chance of refusal.
\CX12.\j\b\i to require: 'this job \Idemands\j\b\i full concentration'.
\Bdemand\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of demanding. b) something which is demanded.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a requirement: 'all the \Idemands\j\b\i of my time'. b) the state of being required: 'articles in great \Idemand\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i any specific need for goods or services.
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\Hdemarcation\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-mar-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the division of anything into separate parts. b) the fixing or marking of boundaries or limits.
\CX12.\j\b\i suffering from dementia. \Bdement\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdementedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdementia\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1men\j\b\isha \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a decrease of mental powers characteristic of some mental disorders, and often only temporary.
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\Hdemerara\h
\Isay\j\b\i dema-\CX1rair\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p unrefined brown sugar. after a town in Guyana
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\Hdemerit\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1merr\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a fault.
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\Hdemesne\h
\Isay\j\b\i da-\CX1mane\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i da-\CX1meen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) the possession of land as one's own. b) the land and buildings possessed.
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\Hdemigod\h
\Pnoun\p a) a being who is part god and part human. b) a person worshipped as if a god.
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\Hdemijohn\h
\Pnoun\p a large, narrow-necked bottle, usually covered in cane.
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\Hdemilitarise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1mill\j\b\iita-rize \Pverb\p demilitarize to remove military forces, usually to restore civil control.
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\Hdemise\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mize\j\b\i \Pnoun\p death.
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\Hdemo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a demonstration.
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\Hdemobilise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1mo\j\b\i-billize \Pverb\p demobilize short form is \Bdemob\j\b\i
to disband armed forces. \Bdemobilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdemocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p the government of a country by its people, usually through a parliament of representatives elected by them. \Bdemocratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i demma-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdemocrat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1demm\j\b\ia-krat), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdemocratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Idemos\j\b\i people + \Ikratia\j\b\i rule
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\Hdemocratise\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mok\j\b\ira-tize \Pverb\p democratize to make or become democratic. \Bdemocratisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdemography\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the study of the statistics of birth, illness and death in communities. \Bdemographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdemographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i demma-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdemolish\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1moll\j\b\iish \Pverb\p to pull down or destroy: a) 'the house was \Idemolished\j\b\i and flats erected'; b) 'he \Idemolished\j\b\i the weak argument'. \Bdemolition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i demma-\CX1lish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdemon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\im'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an evil spirit or devil.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person of great energy: 'he is a \Idemon\j\b\i for work'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a detective. \Bdemoniacal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i deema-\CX1nigh\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bdemonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1monn\j\b\iik), \Bdemoniac\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-ak), \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Idaimon\j\b\i a god
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\Hdemonstrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1demm\j\b\i'n-strate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to prove by arguments, evidence, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to exhibit or show: 'she \Idemonstrates\j\b\i great ability'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Idemonstrated\j\b\i the new machine' (= showed and explained).
b) 'over 1000 people \Idemonstrated\j\b\i in support of higher wages' (= held a public meeting or march).
\Bdemonstration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a clear proof: 'a \Idemonstration\j\b\i that the earth is round'. b) an exhibition or explanation by means of examples, experiments, etc:. 'a \Idemonstration\j\b\i of a new car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a show or expression: 'a \Idemonstration\j\b\i of love'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a display of public feeling, e.g. a mass meeting or march. \Bdemonstrable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1demm\j\b\i'n-str'b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be demonstrated; \Bdemonstrably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdemonstrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdemonstrative\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mon\j\b\istra-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showing one's feelings or affections openly.
\CX12.\j\b\i serving to explain or prove.
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\Hdemoralise\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1morr\j\b\ia-lize \Pverb\p demoralize to reduce the confidence or morale of: 'she was \Idemoralised\j\b\i when she failed her driving test'. \Bdemoralisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdemote\h
\Pverb\p to lower in rank. \Bdemotion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i quiet and serious. \Bdemurely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdemureness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hden\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place, such as a cave, where wild animals live.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iden\j\b\i of iniquity' (= place, abode).
\CX12.\j\b\i a quiet, cosy room for personal use.
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\Hdendrite\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a) a branchlike figure or marking found on or in certain rocks, due to the presence of a foreign material. b) any branchlike crystalline form. \Bdendritic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i den-\CX1dritt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdenial\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdeny\j\b\i.
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\Hdenied\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdeny\j\b\i.
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\Hdenier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1denn\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a unit of weight used to measure the fineness of silk, cotton, etc. and equal to .05 gram per 450 m of yarn.
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\Hdenigrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1denn\j\b\ii-grate \Pverb\p to attack the reputation of. \Bdenigration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdenim\h
\Pnoun\p a strong, cotton fabric of twill weave, used for trousers, etc. French \Idenεmes\j\b\i from Nεmes, France, where it was first made
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\Hdenizen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1denn\j\b\iiz'n \Pnoun\p a resident or inhabitant.
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\Hdenominate\h
\Pverb\p to give a specific name to.
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\Hdenomination\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a religious movement or group sharing common beliefs and identified by a particular name.
\CX12.\j\b\i a unit of a specified value in a system of weights or currency: 'in Australia the lowest \Idenomination\j\b\i in the currency is the cent'. \Bdenominational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a religious group.
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\Hdenominator\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1nomm\j\b\ii-nayta \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the part of the fraction below the line, showing how many equal parts a quantity is divided into, such as the 4 in [***1/4]. Two fractions with the same denominator, such as [***1/4] and [***3/4] are said to have a \Bcommon denominator\j\b\i. Compare \Jnumerator\j\b\i.
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\Hdenote\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to indicate or be a sign of: 'an asterisk often \Idenotes\j\b\i a footnote'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mean or designate: 'what does this word \Idenote\j\b\i?'. \Bdenotation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bdenote, connote\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IDenote\j\b\i refers to what a word means in its strict sense, whereas \Iconnote\j\b\i refers to all of the meanings connected with a word.
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\Hdenouement\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-\CX1noo\j\b\i-mon \Pnoun\p dΘnouement the final unravelling of a plot or story. French \IdΘnouer\j\b\i to untie
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\Hdenounce\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to speak or inform against: 'he was \Idenounced\j\b\i as a traitor'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to express strong disapproval: 'all banks \Idenounced\j\b\i the government's policy on home loans'. \Bdenunciation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-nunsi-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdense\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i thickly or closely packed together: 'the airport was closed owing to \Idense\j\b\i fog'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1den\j\b\isa-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state or quality of being dense.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of a particular property, such as mass, possessed by a substance per unit of volume.
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\Hdent\h
\Pnoun\p a hollow in a surface, usually due to a blow. \Bdent\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdental\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the teeth.
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\Hdentine\h
\Isay\j\b\i den-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a hard tissue found underneath the enamel of teeth.
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\Hdentist\h
\Pnoun\p a person medically qualified to care for people's teeth, including surgical operations and fitting false teeth. \Bdentistry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1den\j\b\itis-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idens\j\b\i tooth
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\Hdentition\h
\Pnoun\p the type, number and arrangement of teeth in the mouth.
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\Hdenture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1den\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p a plate with one or more artificial teeth.
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\Hdenude\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1new\j\b\id \Pverb\p to make bare or naked. \Bdenudation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dee-new-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdenunciation\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-nunci-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p See \Jdenounce\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to declare as untrue: 'he \Idenied\j\b\i their charges of assault'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to refuse to believe or acknowledge: 'she \Idenies\j\b\i the existence of a god'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to refuse to grant: 'they \Idenied\j\b\i him the right to see a lawyer'. \Bdenial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeodorant\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1o\j\b\i-da-r'nt \Pnoun\p any substance for masking smells.
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\Hdeodorise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1o\j\b\i-da-rize \Pverb\p deodorize to remove smells. \Bdeodoriser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeoxyribonucleic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-oksi-\CX1rye\j\b\i-bo-new-klee-ik assid short form is \BDNA\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i an organic compound found in chromosomes as a double spiral and controlling and transmitting genetic characters.
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\Hdepart\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to leave.
\CX12.\j\b\i to vary from the normal course: 'he \Ideparted\j\b\i from the topic to talk about the coming exams'. \Bdeparted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dead.
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\Hdepartment\h
\Pnoun\p any of the various sections into which something is divided: a) 'the shoe \Idepartment\j\b\i is on the first floor'; b) 'which government \Idepartment\j\b\i is in charge of social welfare?'. \Bdepartmental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i deepart-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdepartmentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdepartment store\h
a large shop in which many kinds of goods are sold in different departments.
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\Hdeparture\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1par\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p the act of departing: a) 'time of \Ideparture\j\b\i is 7 p.m.'; b) 'this is a \Ideparture\j\b\i from the normal routine'.
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\Hdepend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rely: 'you may \Idepend\j\b\i on him for support'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be determined by: 'it all \Idepends\j\b\i on the weather'.
\Bdependable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
able to be depended on.
\Bdependant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who depends on another for aid or support. \Bdependent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, depending on something else; \Bdependably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdependability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being dependable; \Bdependence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being dependent.
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\Hdependency\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being dependent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small country ruled by another.
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\Hdependent variable\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfunction\j\b\i.
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\Hdepersonalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1pers\j\b\i'na-lize \Pverb\p depersonalize \CX11.\j\b\i to make less personal: 'the introduction of computers \Idepersonalised\j\b\i the company'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i to lose the feeling of the reality of one's own personality or body. \Bdepersonalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdepict\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pikt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to represent in words or a picture. \Bdepiction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdepilatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pill\j\b\ia-tree \Padjective\p (of cosmetics) able to remove hair from the body. \Bdepilatory\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdepilate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1depp\j\b\ii-late), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdeplete\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pleet\j\b\i \Pverb\p to reduce or lessen until little remains: 'the stock was \Idepleted\j\b\i by the increased demand'. \Bdepletion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bdeplete, reduce\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IReduce\j\b\i means to lower the quantity, size or quality of something. While \Ideplete\j\b\i contains this meaning of \Ireduce\j\b\i, it is particularly associated with important or vital quantities such as food, water, or air: 'the long drought severely \Idepleted\j\b\i the country's supplies of food and water'.
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\Hdeplorable\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1plaw\j\b\ira-b'l \Padjective\p worthy of regret or reproach: 'the wretched state of their house is \Ideplorable\j\b\i'. \Bdeplorably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeplore\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to feel or express pity or disapproval.
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\Hdeploy\h
\Pverb\p to spread out troops, etc., especially in strategic positions. \Bdeployment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdepolarise\h
\Pverb\p depolarize to deprive of polarity or polarisation.
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\Hdeport\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to expel from a country.
\CX12.\j\b\i to conduct or behave: 'he \Ideported\j\b\i himself with dignity in a trying situation'. \Bdeportation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeportee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is deported.
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\Hdeportment\h
\Pnoun\p the manner of conducting oneself.
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\Hdepose\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to remove from office or a position of power: 'the President was \Ideposed\j\b\i by a military coup'.
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\Hdeposit\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pozz\j\b\iit \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put or lay down: 'silt was \Ideposited\j\b\i at the mouth of the river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put for safekeeping: 'she \Ideposited\j\b\i her jewels in the bank's safe'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a part payment. \Bdeposit\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is deposited; \Bdepositor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i deppa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deposing.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of depositing.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the written record of evidence given under oath.
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\Hdepository\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pozz\j\b\ii-tree \Pnoun\p a storehouse.
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\Hdepot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1depp\j\b\io \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where things are kept or stored: 'a bus \Idepot\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a railway station or bus terminal.
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\Hdeprave\h
\Pverb\p to corrupt or make bad. \Bdepravity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1pravv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeprecate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dep\j\b\iri-kate \Pverb\p to express disapproval of.
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pree\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lessen in value. Compare \Jappreciate\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to disparage or belittle. \Bdepreciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdepreciatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdepredation\h
\Isay\j\b\i depri-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of preying upon or plundering. \Bdepredate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdepredator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdepress\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to sadden or lower the spirits of: 'she seemed \Idepressed\j\b\i after their departure'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lower or press down on: 'to operate the machine \Idepress\j\b\i this lever'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to lower or lessen in value, price, etc. \Bdepressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdepressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdepressant\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i serving to lower the rate of bodily processes.
\CX12.\j\b\i tending to sadden or lower the spirits of.
\Bdepressant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sedative.
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\Hdepressed area\h
an area where there is widespread unemployment, low incomes and poor housing.
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\Hdepression\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being depressed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sunken part or place.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jlow (1)\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i a decline in business activity, usually accompanied by an increase in unemployment and a lowering of income.
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\Hdeprive\h
\Pverb\p a) to take away from. b) to withhold. \Bdeprivation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i depri-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdepth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being deep.
\CX12.\j\b\i the distance downwards, inwards or backwards: a) 'the \Idepth\j\b\i of the pool is 3 m'; b) 'what is the \Idepth\j\b\i of this shelf?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a) a deep or distant part: 'to plumb the \Idepths\j\b\i of the sea'. b) an intense state or feeling: 'we found him in the \Idepths\j\b\i of despair'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the ship struck the reef in the \Idepth\j\b\i of night' (= most intense part).
b) 'the picture has great \Idepth\j\b\i of colour' (= richness).
c) 'politics is definitely out of my \Idepth\j\b\i' (= understanding, comprehension).
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\Hdepth charge\h
a type of bomb designed to explode underwater and used to destroy submarines.
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\Hdeputation\h
\Isay\j\b\i dep-yoo-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a group appointed to represent others: 'the employer talked with the \Ideputation\j\b\i from a trade union'.
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\Hdepute\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1pute\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to appoint as one's agent or deputy.
\CX12.\j\b\i to assign a responsibility, task, etc. to a deputy.
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\Hdeputise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dep\j\b\i-yoo-tize \Pverb\p deputize a) to appoint as a deputy. b) to act as a deputy: 'can you \Ideputise\j\b\i for the boss while he is away?'.
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\Hdeputy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dep\j\b\i-yoo-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an appointed or elected assistant: 'a \Ideputy\j\b\i prime minister'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person appointed to act for another.
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\Hderacinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1rass\j\b\ien-ate \Pverb\p to uproot.
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\Hderail\h
\Pverb\p to cause a railway vehicle to leave the track. \Bderailment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hderange\h
\Pverb\p to throw into disorder or confusion: 'his mind was \Ideranged\j\b\i by his bereavement'. \Bderanged\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) disturbed, b) insane; \Bderangement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hderby\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dar\j\b\i-bee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bowler hat.
\CX12.\j\b\i an important race: 'the Greyhound \IDerby\j\b\i'. after \IThe Derby\j\b\i, an important horserace in Britain
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\Hderegulation\h
\Pnoun\p a removal of regulations which inhibit or restrict certain types of business or economic activity. \Bderegulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hderelict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1derr\j\b\ii-likt \Padjective\p abandoned or neglected: 'a \Iderelict\j\b\i old house'. \Bderelict\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a neglected person, especially a vagrant; \Bdereliction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hderide\h
\Pverb\p to mock or jeer in contempt: 'the others \Iderided\j\b\i his lengthy questions'. \Bderidingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hde rigueur\h
\Isay\j\b\i der re-\CX1ger\j\b\i necessary or required by tradition or social custom: 'it is \Ide rigeur\j\b\i to wait your turn in a queu'. French
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\Hderision\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1ri\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act of deriding or mocking: 'his speech was greeted with \Iderision\j\b\i by the crowd'. \Bderisive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1rye\j\b\i-siv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, mocking; \Bderisory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1rye\j\b\i-za-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, mocking or inviting derision; \Bderisively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hderivation\h
\Isay\j\b\i derri-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or process of deriving. b) the source or origin of anything: 'that word has a Latin \Iderivation\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the proof of a theorem.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the process by which new words are formed from existing root words by adding affixes. \IExample\j\b\i: understand\Iing\j\b\i, \Imis\j\b\iunderstand are formed from \Iunderstand\j\b\i.
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\Hderive\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1rive\j\b\i \Pverb\p to come or obtain from a source or origin: 'many English words \Iderive\j\b\i from ancient Greek'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iderives\j\b\i much pleasure from gardening' (= gets, obtains).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this essay is obviously \Iderivative\j\b\i' (= copied, not original).
\Bderivative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is derived, such as one chemical compound prepared from another: 'petrol is a \Iderivative\j\b\i of crude oil'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the instantaneous rate of change of a function, with respect to the independent variable.
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\Hdermatitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i derma-\CX1tie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an inflammation or allergy of the skin.
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\Hdermatology\h
\Isay\j\b\i derma-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the skin and its diseases. \Bdermatologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hderogatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i da-\CX1rogg\j\b\ia-tree \Padjective\p tending or intended to damage or discredit: 'a \Iderogatory\j\b\i name'. \Bderogatorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bderogatoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bderogate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1derr\j\b\ia-gate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to damage or take away a good quality, etc.; \Bderogation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hderrick\h
\Pnoun\p a stationary device for supporting or lifting, such as a ship's crane or the framed tower erected over oilwells. after \IDerrick\j\b\i, a famous hangman in London in the early 17th century
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\Hderring-do\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning great courage or daring.
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\Hderringer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1derr\j\b\iinja \Pnoun\p a short-barrelled pistol with a large bore. invented by \IHenry Deringer\j\b\i, a 19th-century American gunsmith
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\Hderris\h
\Pnoun\p a tropical plant, the roots of which are used to make an insecticide.
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\Hdervish\h
\Pnoun\p a member of any of various Moslem mendicant orders devoted to poverty and chastity, some of whom achieve religious ecstasy through chants, whirling dances, etc.
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\Hdesalination\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-salli-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of removing salt from seawater, usually by distillation, to make it suitable for drinking or use in farm irrigation. \Bdesalinate\j\b\i, \Bdesalinise\j\b\i, \Bdesalinize\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i.
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\Hdescant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\i-kant \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i an extra part in a song or melody, played or sung at a higher pitch.
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\Hdescend\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1send\j\b\i \Pverb\p to come or go down: a) 'he \Idescended\j\b\i the ladder carefully'; b) 'the road \Idescends\j\b\i steeply to the lake'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is \Idescended\j\b\i from French ancestors' (= derived by birth).
b) 'she would not \Idescend\j\b\i to such nastiness' (= lower herself).
\Bdescend on\j\b\i, \Bdescend upon\j\b\i, 'the whole family \Idescended on\j\b\i us last weekend' (= visited unexpectedly). \Bdescendant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is descended from another; \Bdescendent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sent\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of descending: 'their \Idescent\j\b\i from the snow-covered peak was dangerous'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slope: 'the road follows a steep \Idescent\j\b\i into the valley'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the relationship or link between a person and his ancestors.
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\Hdescribe\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give a picture or account of something in words: 'can you \Idescribe\j\b\i the man who attacked you?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to draw: '\Idescribe\j\b\i a line between points A and B'.
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\Hdescription\h
\Pnoun\p a picture in words: 'she was able to give a detailed \Idescription\j\b\i of the thief'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the vintage car rally was attended by old cars of every \Idescription\j\b\i' (= sort, variety).
\Bdescriptive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
relating to or using description: '\Idescriptive\j\b\i poetry'.
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\Hdescry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdescried\j\b\i, \Bdescrying\j\b\i)
to catch sight of something distant or difficult to see: 'the lookout \Idescried\j\b\i three ships on the horizon'.
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\Hdesecrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ii-krate \Pverb\p to misuse something sacred by treating it with disrespect. \Bdesecration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdesecrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who desecrates.
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\Hdesegregate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1seg\j\b\iri-gate \Pverb\p to end segregation of different races, sexes, etc. \Bdesegregation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdesensitise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1sen\j\b\isi-tize \Pverb\p desensitize \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to limit or eliminate the sensitivity of the whole or a part of an organism to an external stimulus.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make less sensitive. \Bdesensitisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdesert (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dezz\j\b\iert \Pnoun\p a barren, often sandy, area of land having low rainfall.
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\Hdesert (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to leave or abandon, especially without intending to return: 'to \Idesert\j\b\i the army'. \Bdeserted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdeserter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdesertion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of deserting.
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\Hdesert (3)\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zert\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a deserved reward or punishment: 'I hope that bad driver gets his \Ideserts\j\b\i'.
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\Hdeserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zerv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to earn or have a right to: 'he \Ideserves\j\b\i to win because he tries so hard'.
\Bdeserving\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
worthy of help, reward, etc.: 'please give generously to this \Ideserving\j\b\i charity'. \Bdeservedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, justly; \Bdeservingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HdΘshabillΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i dayza-\CX1bee\j\b\i-yay \Padjective\p carelessly or only partly dressed. French \IdΘshabiller\j\b\i to undress
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\Hdesiccate\h
\Pverb\p to dry thoroughly, especially in order to preserve.
\Bdesiccator\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of various devices used for drying foodstuffs or chemical substances. \Bdesiccation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdesiderate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zidd\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to desire or long for something felt to be missing. \Bdesideration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdesideratum\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-zidder-\CX1ah\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdesiderata\j\b\i
something which is lacking but desired. Latin
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\Hdesign\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to invent or plan, especially by preparing outlines or drawings: 'their house was \Idesigned\j\b\i by a young architect'.
\Bdesign\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) an outline or drawing from which something is made. b) the art of designing: 'a school of graphic \Idesign\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the arrangement of lines, shapes and details which gives unity to a painting, structure, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a plan or scheme.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby design\j\b\i, 'police feel that the huge fire was lit \Iby design\j\b\i' (= deliberately, on purpose).
\Bhave designs on\j\b\i, 'I think the dog \Ihas designs on\j\b\i your meal' (= wants, intends to take). \Bdesigning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, cunning or crafty; \Bdesignedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, on purpose.
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\Hdesignate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dezz\j\b\iig-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to mark or point out clearly: 'voters should \Idesignate\j\b\i their preferences by ticks in the margin'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to nominate or appoint to a position. \Bdesignation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of designating or appointing, b) a name; \Bdesignate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dezz\j\b\iig-nit), \Iadjective\j\b\i, appointed but not yet installed.
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\Hdesigner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who creates and produces designs: 'a fashion \Idesigner\j\b\i'.
\Bdesigner\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to clothing specially produced by, and usually showing the distinctive style of, a well-known fashion house.
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\Hdesirable\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zire\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i worthy to be desired: 'it is not a very \Idesirable\j\b\i area to live in'.
\CX12.\j\b\i advisable: 'I don't think that is a \Idesirable\j\b\i idea'.
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\Hdesire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hope strongly to have or obtain: 'we \Idesire\j\b\i peace more than anything'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to ask for or request: 'the manager \Idesires\j\b\i that all the staff should come to her office'. \Bdesire\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a strong hope or longing; \Bdesirous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, desiring.
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\Hdesist\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cease or stop: 'please \Idesist\j\b\i from making that dreadful noise!'.
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\Hdesk\h
\Pnoun\p a table designed for use when reading or writing.
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\Hdesktop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a small computer capable of being placed on top of a desk.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of software) a representation of a desktop shown in various programs as a visual aid to assist the user with retrieving documents, deleting unnecessary files, etc.
\Bdesktop publishing\j\b\i, the production of printed material by means of a desktop computer and printer.
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\Hdesolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ia-lit \Padjective\p lonely, bare or dismal: a) 'it's a bleak and \Idesolate\j\b\i part of the country'; b) 'she lived a \Idesolate\j\b\i, friendless life'.
to make desolate: 'the troops \Idesolated\j\b\i much farmland in their raids'. \Bdesolately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdesolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of making desolate, b) the state of being wretched or lonely; \Bdesolateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being desolate.
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\Hdespair\h
\Pnoun\p a) a complete loss of hope: 'to weep in \Idespair\j\b\i'. b) something which causes a loss of hope: 'she is the \Idespair\j\b\i of her family'. \Bdespair\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be filled with despair.
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\Hdespatch\h
\Inoun\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i See \Jdispatch\j\b\i.
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\Hdesperado\h
\Isay\j\b\i despa-\CX1rah\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdesperadoes\j\b\i or \Bdesperados\j\b\i
a reckless or dangerous criminal.
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\Hdesperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1desp\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p being full of despair and ready to take any risk: 'the bank clerk made a \Idesperate\j\b\i attempt to tackle the thieves'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the police have issued a warning that three \Idesperate\j\b\i criminals are in the area' (= dangerous, violent).
b) 'the drought has caused a \Idesperate\j\b\i shortage of staple foods' (= extremely serious). \Bdesperately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdesperateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being desperate; \Bdesperation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, extreme despair.
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\Hdespicable\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1spikk\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p deserving contempt or scorn: 'his cruel treatment of that dog is quite \Idespicable\j\b\i'. \Bdespicably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdespicableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdespise\h
\Pverb\p to feel scorn or contempt for: 'I \Idespise\j\b\i fools'.
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\Hdespite\h
preposition in spite of: 'she continued, \Idespite\j\b\i our warning, and proved she was right'.
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\Hdespoil\h
\Pverb\p to rob or plunder. \Bdespoliation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-spole-ee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of despoiling.
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\Hdespondent\h
\Padjective\p unhappy or melancholy due to disappointment, etc.: 'the players were \Idespondent\j\b\i at losing the game'. \Bdespondently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdespondency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdespot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\ipot \Pnoun\p a ruler with complete and oppressive power. \Bdespotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dess-\CX1pott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a despot; \Bdespotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Idespotes\j\b\i master
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\Hdespotism\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bautocracy\j\b\i
a) a government with complete power, authority and control. b) any unlimited power.
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\Hdessert\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zert\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any sweet food served as the last course of a meal.
\Bdessertspoon\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an oval spoon between a teaspoon and a tablespoon in size. French \Idesservir\j\b\i to clear the table
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\Hdestination\h
\Pnoun\p the place or point to which something is going: 'their \Idestination\j\b\i was London but they went via Asia'.
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\Hdestine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dest\j\b\iin \Pverb\p to set apart for a particular use, future, etc.: 'she was \Idestined\j\b\i to die young'.
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\Hdestiny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dest\j\b\ii-nee \Pnoun\p a) the inevitable fate or course of events which affect a person, considered to be beyond human control: 'his final \Idestiny\j\b\i was a lonely death'. b) the power believed to determine these events: '\Idestiny\j\b\i has played us a cruel trick'.
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\Hdestitute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dest\j\b\ii-tewt \Padjective\p completely deprived of or without something. \Bdestitution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdestroy\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to ruin or make useless: 'the fire completely \Idestroyed\j\b\i the building'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put an end to.
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\Hdestroyer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that destroys.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, fast warship.
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\Hdestructible\h
\Padjective\p able to be destroyed.
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\Hdestruction\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of destroying: 'the insects' \Idestruction\j\b\i of the crops was complete'. b) the state of being destroyed: 'the \Idestruction\j\b\i throughout the countryside was terrible'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cause or means of destroying: 'drinking was his final destruction'.
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\Hdestructive\h
\Padjective\p tending or intended to destroy or hurt. \Bdestructively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdestructiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdestructive distillation\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i the strong heating of a complex substance, such as coal, so that it decomposes into a number of simpler substances which are distilled off.
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\Hdesuetude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dess\j\b\i-yewi-tewd \Pnoun\p the state of being no longer used: 'many of the country's laws had fallen into \Idesuetude\j\b\i under the new government'.
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\Hdesultory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dezz\j\b\iul-tree \Padjective\p disconnected or random: 'the \Idesultory\j\b\i chatter faded away as the teacher entered the room'. \Bdesultorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdesultoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdetach\h
\Pverb\p to separate or take apart: a) '\Idetach\j\b\i this coupon from the page by cutting along the dotted line'; b) 'a small troop was \Idetached\j\b\i to guard the town'.
\Bdetached\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
separate or unattached.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this is the only \Idetached\j\b\i house in the street' (= not joined to another).
b) 'he takes a surprisingly \Idetached\j\b\i view of his own life' (= objective, unconcerned). \Bdetachable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be detached.
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\Hdetachment\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being detached or unconcerned: 'his air of \Idetachment\j\b\i makes it difficult to talk to him'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of detaching or separating.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is detached from a larger group, etc., such as a number of troops sent out for a particular task.
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\Hdetail\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-tale \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all the small, particular parts which make up a whole: a) 'the elaborate \Idetail\j\b\i in the painting received close examination'; b) 'tell us all the \Idetails\j\b\i of the party'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small group chosen for a special task: 'the young constable joined the traffic \Idetail\j\b\i'.
\Bdetail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to describe fully: 'let me \Idetail\j\b\i my plans for tomorrow'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to choose or appoint for a special task: 'he was \Idetailed\j\b\i to supervise the clean-up'.
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\Hdetain\h
\Pverb\p to keep back or confine: 'police \Idetained\j\b\i three men for questioning'. \Bdetainment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdetainee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person confined or imprisoned, especially by police.
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\Hdetect\h
\Pverb\p to discover or notice: 'I \Idetect\j\b\i a smell of burning in the kitchen'.
\Bdetection\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of detecting: 'he has always been fascinated by methods of crime \Idetection\j\b\i'. \Bdetectable\j\b\i, \Bdetectible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be detected. \Bde-\j\b\i + Latin \Itectus\j\b\i covered
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\Hdetective\h
\Pnoun\p a member of the police force or a private organisation who obtains information or evidence about crimes, criminals, etc.
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\Hdetector\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that detects.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i a device which registers or records signals, currents, etc.
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\HdΘtente\h
\Isay\j\b\i day-\CX1tont\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an easing or relaxing of strained relationships between countries. French, a relaxation
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\Hdetention\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of detaining.
\CX12.\j\b\i the confining or keeping back of a person, often as a form of punishment.
to discourage by creating fear, doubt, etc.: 'don't be \Ideterred\j\b\i by his haughty manner'. \Bdeterment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bde-\j\b\i + Latin \Iterrere\j\b\i to frighten
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\Hdetergent\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1ter\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p any cleaning agent, especially a synthetic substance made from petroleum products. \Bdetergent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the power to clean or purify.
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\Hdeteriorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1teer\j\b\iia-rate \Pverb\p to become worse or of less value: 'the standard of living \Ideteriorated\j\b\i rapidly during the national strike'. \Bdeterioration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdeterminant\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1ter\j\b\imi-nant \Pnoun\p also called a \Bdeterminative\j\b\i
anything which decides or determines: 'cost was the main \Ideterminant\j\b\i in their decision to drop the plan'.
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\Hdeterminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1termi\j\b\init \Padjective\p definite or fixed: 'there is no \Ideterminate\j\b\i time limit for repaying our loan'. \Bdeterminately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeterminateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdetermine\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1ter\j\b\imin \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to decide or establish: 'society \Idetermines\j\b\i a large part of our attitudes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to settle conclusively: 'three judges were appointed to \Idetermine\j\b\i the dispute'.
\Bdetermined\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
firmly decided or resolved: 'we could see that she was \Idetermined\j\b\i to come'.
\Bdetermination\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being firmly decided or determined: '\Idetermination\j\b\i to win'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of determining or deciding. \Bdeterminedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdeterminable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdeterminism\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1ter\j\b\imi-nizm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that we are not free to act otherwise than we do since all our actions are determined by past events and our environment. \Bdeterminist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeterminist\j\b\i, \Bdeterministic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hdeterrent\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1terr\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p anything which deters or restrains: 'the sight of the sharks was a \Ideterrent\j\b\i even to enthusiastic swimmers'. \Bdeterrence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeterrent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdetest\h
\Pverb\p to hate or dislike strongly: 'she \Idetests\j\b\i being called a baby'.
\Bdetestable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
deserving to be detested: 'what a \Idetestable\j\b\i liar!'. \Bdetestably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdetestation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdethrone\h
\Pverb\p to remove a monarch from the throne. \Bdethronement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdetonate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dett\j\b\ia-nate \Pverb\p to explode or cause to explode violently.
\Bdetonator\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small explosive device used to make another substance or object explode.
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\Hdetonation\h
\Isay\j\b\i detta-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an explosion.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a violent, rapid combustion which forms a shockwave.
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\Hdetour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-toor \Pnoun\p an alternative route, especially one used temporarily to avoid an obstruction on the main route. \Bdetour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a detour.
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\Hdetoxification\h
\Isay\j\b\i de\CX1tok\j\b\i-sif-ekaysh'n \Pnoun\p the process of withdrawal from physical or psychological dependency on a drug.
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\Hdetract\h
\Pverb\p to take away from the value or quality of something: 'his baldness rather \Idetracts\j\b\i from his good looks'.
\Bdetraction\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i belittlement or slander: 'his criticism of the artist's work seems to be based on personal \Idetraction\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of detracting. \Bdetractive\j\b\i, \Bdetractory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bdetractor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdetrimental\h
\Isay\j\b\i detri-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p harmful or damaging: 'smoking is \Idetrimental\j\b\i to your health'. \Bdetrimentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdetriment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any harm or damage.
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\Hdetritus\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1try\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any particles of rock or other material which are worn or broken away by weathering, erosion, etc.
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\Hde trop\h
\Isay\j\b\i der \CX1tro\j\b\i unwelcome or in the way: 'he felt himself to be \Ide trop\j\b\i at the party'.
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\Hdeuce (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the number two on playing cards or dice.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a stage in the game where scores are equal and one player must win two consecutive points to win the game. Old French \Ideus\j\b\i two
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\Hdeuce (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bad luck or the devil.
\Bdeuced\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) annoying.
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\Hdeuterium\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1teer\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p an isotope of hydrogen, having a neutron as well as a proton in the nucleus. Deuterium oxide (also called \Bheavy water\j\b\i) is present in natural water at about one part in 5000 and is used in some nuclear reactors as a moderator.
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\Hdevalue\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1val\j\b\i-yoo \Pverb\p also called to \Bdevaluate\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i to lower the value of the currency of one country in relation to the currencies of other countries or to gold, thus making imports dearer and exports cheaper.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lower or reduce the value of anything. \Bdevaluation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdevastate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1devv\j\b\ia-state \Pverb\p to make desolate: 'we were \Idevastated\j\b\i by the loss of the two cats'. \Bdevastation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bde-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivastare\j\b\i to lay waste
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\Hdevastating\h
\Padjective\p tending to devastate: 'a \Idevastating\j\b\i storm has hit the coast'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she wore a \Idevastating\j\b\i green dress' (= very effective).
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\Hdevelop\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vell\j\b\iup \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to grow or cause to grow more fully or completely: 'girls \Idevelop\j\b\i breasts at puberty'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must \Idevelop\j\b\i your knowledge' (= expand).
b) 'the council has \Ideveloped\j\b\i a plan to block off traffic from the city' (= created and advanced).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i to treat exposed film, etc. with chemicals to produce a visible image.
\CX13.\j\b\i to build on or increase the value of land, e.g. by providing electricity, sewerage, etc.
\Bdevelopment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of developing: 'land \Idevelopment\j\b\i in the outer suburbs has caused a rise in prices'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a new stage or event during growth or evolution: 'are there any \Idevelopments\j\b\i in the industrial dispute?'.
\Bdeveloper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i the chemical used to develop film.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or organisation that develops land. French \IdΘvelopper\j\b\i to unwrap
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\Hdeviate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\ivi-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to differ or turn aside from what is usual or accepted: 'let us \Ideviate\j\b\i from the lecture for a moment and talk about exams'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to differ from an established average.
\Bdeviant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
different from what is usual or accepted. \Bdeviant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is deviant. Latin \Ide-\j\b\i off + \Ivia\j\b\i the way
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\Hdeviation\h
\Isay\j\b\i deevi-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deviating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a movement away from the established path, average, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the difference between any element in a set of observations and some standard value, often the mean. The \Bstandard deviation\j\b\i is a quantity that measures the spread of a set of values around the average.
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\Hdevice\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vice\j\b\i \Pnoun\p anything which is invented for a particular purpose, especially a mechanical tool.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a metaphor is a literary \Idevice\j\b\i' (= tool).
b) 'I have a \Idevice\j\b\i to make sure we are not seen' (= plan, scheme).
c) 'the kangaroo and the emu are \Idevices\j\b\i on the Australian coat of arms' (= emblems, figures).
\Bleave to one's own devices\j\b\i, 'let's see how he does it if he is \Ileft to his own devices\j\b\i' (= allowed to do as he wishes). \Bdevice, devise\j\b\i are different parts of speech. \IDevice\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'this \Idevice\j\b\i helps deaf people to hear'; whereas \Idevise\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p: 'I have \Idevised\j\b\i a solution to this problem'.
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\Hdevil\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) a) the chief spirit of evil opposed to God. b) any subordinate evil spirit opposed to God.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very evil person.
\CX13.\j\b\i an unlucky or unfortunate person: 'poor \Idevil\j\b\i!'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person of great energy, cleverness, etc.: 'she's a \Idevil\j\b\i at tennis'.
\IPhases:\j\b\i
\Bgive the devil his due\j\b\i, to be fair or just, even to the wicked.
\Bspeak\j\b\i, \Btalk of the devil\j\b\i, here comes the person we were just speaking about.
\Bdevil\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdevilled\j\b\i, \Bdevilling\j\b\i)
\ICooking:\j\b\i to grill or prepare food with hot spices, such as mustard, etc.
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\Hdevilish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1devv\j\b\i'l-ish \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i evil or like a devil.
\Padjective\p careless or reckless: 'he had a \Idevil-may-care\j\b\i attitude to his work, which worried his parents'.
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\Hdevilry\h
\Pnoun\p devilment mischievous or wicked behaviour.
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\Hdevil's advocate\h
a person who tests an argument or policy by putting forward the criticisms likely to be made by its opponents.
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\Hdevious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\ivius \Padjective\p not straight or direct: 'we came by a \Idevious\j\b\i route to avoid the traffic'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I think he makes his money in \Idevious\j\b\i ways' (= tricky, dishonest). \Bdeviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdeviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdevise\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vize\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or think out: 'we have \Idevised\j\b\i a perfect scheme for dividing the work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to bequeath. See \Jdevice\j\b\i.
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\Hdevitalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-\CX1vie\j\b\i-ta-lize \Pverb\p devitalize to make weak or lifeless.
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\Hdevoid\h
\Padjective\p empty or lacking.
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\Hdevolve\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pass on or transfer: 'during his absence the ambassador's duties \Idevolved\j\b\i on his assistant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to degenerate. \Bdevolution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i deeva-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the transfer of power.
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\HDevonian\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vo\j\b\i-nee-an \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i.
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\Hdevote\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vote\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give all one's time or attention to something: 'he \Idevotes\j\b\i his days to reading'.
\Bdevoted\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
very loving or affectionately attached: 'she is \Idevoted\j\b\i to her horses'.
\Pnoun\p drops of moisture accumulated on the ground during calm weather when the night air near the ground cools below the dewpoint.
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\HDewar flask\h
a vacuum flask. invented by \ISir James Dewar\j\b\i, 1842-1923, a Scottish physicist
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\Hdewclaw\h
\Pnoun\p an inner claw on the foot of some mammals (especially dogs) which has no function and does not touch the ground in walking.
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\Hdewlap\h
\Pnoun\p the loose fold of skin under the throat of cattle or other animals, including humans.
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\Hdewpoint\h
\Pnoun\p \IWeather:\j\b\i the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water-vapour.
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\Hdewy\h
\Padjective\p being moist with or as if with dew.
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\Hdewy-eyed\h
\Padjective\p naive or trusting.
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\HDexadrine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deks\j\b\ia-dreen \Pnoun\p a white, water-soluble, stimulant drug used for reducing weight. a trademark
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\Hdexterity\h
\Isay\j\b\i dex-\CX1terr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a manual or mental adroitness. \Bdextrous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dex\j\b\itrus), \Bdexterous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bdextrousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdextrose\h
\Pnoun\p a sugar, found in animal and plant tissues, which can be produced artificially from starch.
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\Hdhoti\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doe\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a garment worn by Hindu men.
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\Hdi-\h
\Isay\j\b\i die a prefix meaning two or double, as in \Idicotyledon\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hdia-\h
a prefix meaning: a) through, as in \Idiarrhoea\j\b\i; b) across, as in \Idiagonal\j\b\i; c) apart, as in \Idiagnosis\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hdiabetes\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1bee\j\b\iteez \Pnoun\p a disease caused by a build-up of sugar in the blood, due to a lack of insulin to metabolise it. \Bdiabetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1bett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiabolical\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1boll\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p diabolic devilish or extremely wicked.
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\Hdiacritic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1kritt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p serving to distinguish: 'a circumflex is a \Idiacritic\j\b\i symbol'.
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\Hdiadem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-dem \Pnoun\p a crown or headband, worn usually by royalty.
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\Hdiagnosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-ag-\CX1no\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdiagnoses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i the determination of the cause of a disease by studying the symptoms, signs and results of tests.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a description which enables an organism to be identified. \Bdiagnose\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-agnoze), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a diagnosis; \Bdiagnostic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-ag\CX1nost\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdiagnostician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-agnos-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiagonal\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1agg\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an oblique or slanted direction.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i connecting two non-adjacent vertices or edges. \Bdiagonally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiagonal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a diagonal line or plane.
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\Hdiagram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-gram \Pnoun\p a drawing, often in a simplified form, which explains, represents or describes. \Bdiagrammatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-gra-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Padjective\p; \Bdiagrammatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdial\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the front part or face of a clock, telephone, gauge, or other instrument.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the human face.
\Bdial\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdialled\j\b\i, \Bdialling\j\b\i)
to use a telephone dial to ring a number.
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\Hdialect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-lekt \Pnoun\p the language of a certain class or place, as a variant form of the established language of the whole country, etc. \Bdialectal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1lek\j\b\it'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdialectic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1lek\j\b\itik \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the art or process of logical argument to establish or discover a truth, etc. \Bdialectical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdialogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-log \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a conversation between two or more people.
\CX12.\j\b\i any exchange of thoughts or ideas.
\CX13.\j\b\i the spoken text of a play or film.
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\Hdialysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1all\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the separation of colloidal particles from dissolved substances in a solution by diffusion through a membrane.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedical:\j\b\i a treatment used with kidney disease in which blood is purified using this technique by means of a special machine that functions as an artificial kidney. \Bdialyse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-lize), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\HdiamantΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1mon\j\b\i-tay \Pnoun\p a fabric made to glitter by covering it with shiny particles.
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\Hdiameter\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1amm\j\b\ii-ter \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a chord passing through the centre of a circle. b) the length of this line. \Bdia-\j\b\i + Greek \Imetron\j\b\i a measure
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\Hdiametric\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1met\j\b\irik \Padjective\p diametrical \CX11.\j\b\i relating to a diameter.
\CX12.\j\b\i absolute or direct: 'good and bad are \Idiametric\j\b\i opposites'. \Bdiametrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiamond\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a natural crystalline form of carbon which is colourless when pure. It is the hardest known substance and is used for cutting-tools, drill tips and as a gem.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plane figure having four equal sides, with diagonals which are vertical and horizontal.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) a red figure like a diamond on a playing card. b) a playing card with this figure. c) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the suit with this figure.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBaseball and Softball:\j\b\i the infield, from the shape formed by the bases and the baseline.
\Bdiamond\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of, made of or shaped like a diamond.
\CX12.\j\b\i indicating the 60th (sometimes the 75th) anniversary of an event, e.g. a wedding anniversary.
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\Hdiaper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-per \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a nappy. Greek \Idiaspros\j\b\i pure white
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\Hdiaphanous\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1aff\j\b\ia-nus \Padjective\p transparent: 'chiffon is a \Idiaphanous\j\b\i fabric'.
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\Hdiaphragm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-fram \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any membrane which separates and divides, particularly the muscular wall separating the chest from the abdomen in mammals.
\CX12.\j\b\i any vibrating membrane or disc, as in a microphone.
\CX13.\j\b\i a membrane in a pump which moves to compress air in a chamber.
\CX14.\j\b\i a contraceptive device which is placed over the cervix.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i an adjustable hole in a camera, controlling the amount of light which passes through the lens on to the film.
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\Hdiarrhoea\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an intestinal disorder which causes the faeces to be fluid and their passage frequent. Greek \Idiarrhoia\j\b\i a flowing through
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\Hdiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a book in which one records experiences, feelings, thoughts, etc. day by day.
\CX12.\j\b\i a book in which a record of appointments, etc. is kept. \Bdiarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who keeps a diary. Latin \Idiarius\j\b\i daily
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\Hdiastole\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1ast\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the rhythmical relaxation phase of the heartbeat. Compare \Jsystole\j\b\i. \Bdiastolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1stoll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdiathermy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-thermee \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the use of electric currents to apply heat to tissues, e.g. to relieve muscular pain. \Bdiathermic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1ther\j\b\imik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdiatom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-tom \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any of a group of microscopic algae having one cell which has silica in the cell walls. \Bdiatomaceous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-atta-\CX1may\j\b\ishus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to diatoms or their fossil remains.
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\Hdiatomaceous earth\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-ta-\CX1may\j\b\i-shus erth also called \Bkieselguhr\j\b\i
a siliceous sediment, almost entirely composed of the remains of diatoms, and used for filtering and absorbing liquids.
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\Hdiatomic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1tomm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i having two atoms in a molecule, such as oxygen gas (formula O\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i).
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\Hdiatonic scale\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik skale \IMusic:\j\b\i a scale which includes five whole tones and two semitones. Compare \Jchromatic scale\j\b\i.
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\Hdiatribe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-tribe \Pnoun\p a bitter attack or criticism.
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\Hdibble\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bdibber\j\b\i
a short, pointed tool used to make holes in the ground for planting seeds, etc.
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\Hdice\h
plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bdie\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the small cubes of plastic, bone, etc. having each side marked with dots representing the numbers 1-6, and used in some games. b) any game, especially a gambling game, in which these objects are thrown on to a flat surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small cubes: 'cut the meat into \Idice\j\b\i'.
\Bdice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut into small pieces.
\CX12.\j\b\i to play with dice.
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\Hdicey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-see \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) risky or dangerous.
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\Hdichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-klaw-ro-die-fennel try-klaw-ro-\CX1ee\j\b\ithane \Pnoun\p short form is \BDDT\j\b\i
a white powder used as an insecticide.
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\Hdichotomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1kott\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p a division into two, usually contradictory, parts.
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\Hdicky (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a false shirt-front.
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\Hdicky (2)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) shaky or unsound: 'a \Idicky\j\b\i heart'.
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\Hdicotyledon\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-kotta-\CX1lee\j\b\i-d'n \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a plant having two seed leaves in the embryo, with the flower parts occurring in groups of four or five, or multiples of these. Compare \Jmonocotyledon\j\b\i. \Bdicotyledonous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HDictaphone\h
\Pnoun\p a machine similar to a tape-recorder, used to record and replay dictation. a trademark
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\Hdictate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dik-\CX1tate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to say or speak something to be written or recorded by another.
an authoritative order. \Bdictation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdictator\h
\Pnoun\p a ruler with unlimited power, especially one who has taken control by force. \Bdictatorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdictatorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i dikta-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a dictator.
\CX12.\j\b\i domineering: 'the manager's \Idictatorial\j\b\i behaviour made him unpopular'. \Bdictatorially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a style of speaking or writing.
\CX12.\j\b\i the degree of distinctness or clarity in speech.
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\Hdictionary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n-ree \Pnoun\p a book listing words of a language in alphabetical order with their meanings, pronunciation, use and derivation.
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\Hdictum\h
\Pnoun\p a) a formal statement of opinion. b) a popular saying. Latin
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\Hdid\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdidactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1dak\j\b\itik \Padjective\p intended to teach or instruct. \Bdidacticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1dak\j\b\ita-sizm), \Inoun:\j\b\i \Bdidactically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdidactics\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1dak\j\b\itiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the art or science of teaching.
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\Hdiddle\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cheat or swindle.
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\Hdidgeridoo\h
\Isay\j\b\i dija-ree-\CX1doo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IAboriginal:\j\b\i a long, tubular woodwind instrument.
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\Hdie (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdied\j\b\i, \Bdying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to stop living, when all vital functions cease.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cease to exist: 'that law \Idied\j\b\i in the 19th century!'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the engine \Idied\j\b\i and the car drew to a standstill' (= stopped).
b) 'the chatter \Idied\j\b\i away as the door was thrown open' (= faded).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to desire greatly: 'I am \Idying\j\b\i for an ice-cream'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdie down\j\b\i, 'the noise \Idied down\j\b\i gradually' (= subsided).
\Bdie out\j\b\i, to disappear.
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\Hdie (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tool used to shape a material, e.g. by forging or extrusion.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i a) a hole in a block through which wire can be drawn. b) a hole lined with teeth for cutting a thread on bolts, screws, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jdice\j\b\i.
\Bthe die is cast\j\b\i, the decision or situation cannot be changed.
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\Hdieback\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the slow decline and death of a tree.
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\Hdiehard\h
\Pnoun\p a person who stubbornly resists change.
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\Hdieldrin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1deel\j\b\idrin \Pnoun\p a white crystalline solid which is a powerful insecticide.
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\Hdieresis\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdiaeresis\j\b\i
\ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i.
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\Hdiesel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p any vehicle powered by a diesel engine.
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\Hdiesel engine\h
an internal combustion engine in which the mixture of fuel and air is ignited by the heat produced when it is compressed in the cylinders. invented by \IR. Diesel\j\b\i, 1858-1913, a German engineer
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\Hdiesel oil\h
an oily liquid extracted after petrol and kerosene have been distilled from crude oil, used as fuel in diesel engines.
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\Hdiet (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-ut \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the usual food which one eats.
\CX12.\j\b\i a restricted selection of food to cure disease, regulate weight, etc.
\Bdiet\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to eat restricted foods, especially to regulate weight. \Bdietary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdietitian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Bdietician\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained to plan balanced diets. Greek \Idiaita\j\b\i a way of life
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\Hdiet (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-et \Pnoun\p a formal congress of the states of an empire, etc. to discuss or carry out its business.
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\Hdietetics\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1tett\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the composition of foods and the control of the diet. \Bdietetic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdiffer\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be unlike.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have different or opposing opinions, beliefs, etc.: 'we \Idiffer\j\b\i on politics and religion'.
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\Hdifference\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being different.
\CX12.\j\b\i a point which differs: 'I can see no \Idifference\j\b\i between the two'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an argument.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the amount by which one number is greater or less then another. b) the amount remaining when one quantity is subtracted from another.
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\Hdifferent\h
\Padjective\p not alike.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we rang on three \Idifferent\j\b\i occasions' (= separate).
b) 'let's do something \Idifferent\j\b\i today' (= unusual). \Bdifferently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdifferential\h
\Isay\j\b\i diffa-\CX1ren\j\b\i-sh'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an equation which contains the derivatives of the function to be determined.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i a gear mechanism which drives two shafts, such as the axles in a motor vehicle, allowing them to rotate at different speeds. \Bdifferential\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or expressing a difference.
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\Hdifferential calculus\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jcalculus\j\b\i.
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\Hdifferentiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i diffa-\CX1ren\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to notice or indicate differences between.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to find the derivatives of a function.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i (of cells, tissues or organs) to change from a simple, uniform structure into several specialised types during development. \Bdifferentiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdifficult\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i hard to do or accomplish.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) being hard to please or get along with.
\Bdifficulty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being difficult.
\CX12.\j\b\i trouble or hardship: a) 'I had great \Idifficulty\j\b\i understanding his mumbled words'; b) 'financial \Idifficulties\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which is difficult: 'learning their new language is a \Idifficulty\j\b\i for many migrants'.
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\Hdiffidence\h
\Pnoun\p a lack of self-confidence. \Bdiffident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdiffidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Idiffidens\j\b\i mistrusting
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\Hdiffraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1frak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the scattering of a wave, such as light, by an obstacle or aperture. \Bdiffract\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdiffractive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Idiffractus\j\b\i broken in pieces
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\Hdiffuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i dif-\CX1yooz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to spread out or scatter.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Idiffuse\j\b\i argument was difficult to understand' (= very long). \Bdiffuser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which diffuses or causes diffusion, such as glass placed over the lens of a camera to soften or enlarge the picture; \Bdiffusible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of being diffused; \Bdiffusibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dif-yooza-\CX1bill\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiffusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i dif-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of diffusing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) the mixing of molecules of different gases. b) the scattering and crisscrossing of light rays produced by reflection from a rough surface or passage through frosted glass, fog, etc.
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\Hdig\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdug\j\b\i, \Bdigging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to break up, remove or turn over soil, etc. with a spade or similar tool.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a hole with or as if with a spade.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Idug\j\b\i her hands into her pockets and walked off' (= thrust, pushed).
b) 'she \Idug\j\b\i around for a suitable answer' (= searched).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to understand or appreciate.
\CX14.\j\b\i to poke.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdig one's heels in\j\b\i, See \Jheel (1)\j\b\i.
\Bdig up\j\b\i, \Bdig out\j\b\i, 'where did you \Idig up\j\b\i that old hat?' (= find, discover).
\Bdig\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a poke: 'a \Idig\j\b\i in the ribs'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any rented accommodation for students, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i an archaeological excavation.
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\Hdigest\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1jest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to break up food in the alimentary canal so that it can be absorbed into the body.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the judge had to \Idigest\j\b\i many facts before making a decision' (= take in, absorb).
a) a shortened version of a book, report, etc. b) a collection of such works. \Bdigestion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the function or process of digesting food; \Bdigestible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be digested; \Bdigestive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdigger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that digs, especially a gold-digger.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Icapital\j\b\i) a soldier from Australia or New Zealand.
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\Hdiggings\h
plural \Pnoun\p a place where digging is carried out, such as a mine.
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\Hdigit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dij\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a finger or toe.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of the figures, 0-9, in the Arabic system.
\Bdigital\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having or resembling a digit or digits.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i (of a quantity or measurement) using digits or numbers to measure time, amounts, etc. such as with a digital watch which uses a series of changing numbers to measure passing time. Compare \Janalogue\j\b\i. \Bdigitise\j\b\i, \Bdigitize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, putting into figures. Latin \Idigitus\j\b\i finger or toe
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\Hdigital camera\h
a filmless camera which records an image by converting it into digital signals, which can then be transmitted directly into a computer and appear as output on its screen to be viewed or edited.
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\Hdigital computer\h
a computer which uses data represented by numbers. Most ordinary computers are digital. Compare \Janalogue computer\j\b\i.
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\Hdignify\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdignified\j\b\i, \Bdignifying\j\b\i)
to confer honour or dignity upon. \Bdignified\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of dignity.
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\Hdignitary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dig\j\b\ina-tree \Pnoun\p a person of high rank.
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\Hdignity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bearing or character which commands respect: 'it would be beneath her \Idignity\j\b\i to do that'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a high rank.
\Bstand on one's dignity\j\b\i, to be touchy about slights. Latin \Idignitas\j\b\i worthiness
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\Hdigress\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1gress\j\b\i \Pverb\p to deviate from the main line or purpose. \Bdigression\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1gresh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdigressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to digress.
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\Hdihedral\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'l \Pnoun\p the angle between the wings of an aeroplane when viewed from the front.
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\Hdike\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdyke\j\b\i.
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\Hdilapidated\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1lapp\j\b\ii-day-tid \Padjective\p fallen into ruin or disrepair: 'it would be expensive to restore such a \Idilapidated\j\b\i old house'. \Bdilapidation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdilapidate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1late\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make or become larger or wider. \Bdilation\j\b\i, \Bdilatation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dilla-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n) \Inouns\j\b\i, a) the act of dilating, b) a dilated part; \Bdilator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which dilates, e.g. a muscle, drug, etc.
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\Hdilatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dill\j\b\ia-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i slow to act, decide, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i intended to delay. \Bdilatorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdilatoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdilemma\h
\Pnoun\p a situation requiring a choice between difficult or undesirable alternatives.
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\Hdilettante\h
\Isay\j\b\i dilli-\CX1tant\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i dilli-\CX1tan\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdilettanti\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dilli-\CX1tan\j\b\i-tee) a person who is concerned or involved with culture and the arts in a casual or amateur manner. \Bdilettantism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiligent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dill\j\b\ii-j'nt \Padjective\p careful and earnest in one's work. \Bdiligence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small plant, the seeds and leaves of which are used in medicine, cooking and pickling foods.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
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\Hdillybag\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a small, light bag, often made of canvas.
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1loot\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make weaker or thinner, by adding water, etc. \Bdilute\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, reduced or weakened; \Bdiluent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to dilute.
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\Hdilution\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of diluting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the amount of solvent in which a unit quantity of solute is dissolved.
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\Hdiluvial\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1loo\j\b\iviul \Padjective\p of or relating to a flood.
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\Hdim\h
\Padjective\p (\Bdimmer\j\b\i, \Bdimmest\j\b\i)
faint or unclear, due to a lack of light, colour, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her eyes were \Idim\j\b\i with age' (= clouded).
b) 'mother takes a \Idim\j\b\i view of our jokes' (= adverse).
c) 'he is quite \Idim\j\b\i when it comes to physics' (= stupid).
\Bdim\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdimmed\j\b\i, \Bdimming\j\b\i)
to make dim: 'we \Idimmed\j\b\i the lights'. \Bdimly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdimness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that dims, such as a rheostat.
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\Hdime\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a ten-cent coin.
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\Hdimension\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1men\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the size of anything, especially the length, width or height. \Bdimensional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the specified number of dimensions; \Bdimensionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiminish\h
\Pverb\p to make or become smaller: 'drought \Idiminished\j\b\i the country's food supplies'.
\Bdiminishing returns\j\b\i
\IEconomics:\j\b\i a theory stating that there comes a point where further increases in tax, investment, effort, etc. become less and less profitable or effective. \Bdiminishingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiminution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dimmi-\CX1new\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the process of diminishing.
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\Hdiminutive\h
\Isay\j\b\i di\CX1min\j\b\i-yootiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very small.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i (of a suffix) indicating smallness, affection, etc., as in \Ipiglet\j\b\i. \Bdiminutive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is diminutive; \Bdiminutively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiminutiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdimity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dimm\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a thin, cotton fabric woven with a stripe or check in a heavier yarn.
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\Hdimmer\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdim\j\b\i.
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\Hdimorphism\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1mor\j\b\ifizm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the appearance of two distinct forms among organisms of the same species. \Bdimorphous\j\b\i, \Bdimorphic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hdimple\h
\Pnoun\p a small hollow or fold, especially on the cheek.
\Bdimple\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or produce dimples: 'her face \Idimpled\j\b\i as she laughed'.
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\Hdim sum\h
\ICooking:\j\b\i a variety of small, bite-sized pastries or dumplings with sweet or savoury fillings. Chinese
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\Hdin\h
\Pnoun\p a loud noise.
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\Hdine\h
\Pverb\p to eat a meal, especially the main meal of the day.
\Bdiner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who dines.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i a dining car.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a roadside snack-bar.
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\Hdinette\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1net\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small room or part of a room set aside for eating.
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\Hding-dong\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) vigorous or real: 'the argument turned into a \Iding-dong\j\b\i fight'.
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\Hdinghy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ding\j\b\i-gee \Pnoun\p a small boat which may be rowed or sailed. Hindi
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\Hdingle\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a small, deep, wooded valley.
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\Hdingo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdingoes\j\b\i
a wild dog of Australia, about 50 cm high and usually sandy-coloured. Aboriginal
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\Hdingy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1din\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p dark, dull or shabby: 'a \Idingy\j\b\i room lit only by candles'. \Bdinginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdining car\h
also called a \Bdiner\j\b\i
\IRailways:\j\b\i a carriage in which meals or snacks are served.
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\Hdink\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i to carry a passenger on a bicycle.
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\Hdink\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) having two incomes and no children. from \Bd\j\b\i(ouble) \Bi\j\b\i(ncome) \Bn\j\b\i(o) \Bk\j\b\i(ids)
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\Hdinkum\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) true or honest.
\Bfair dinkum!\j\b\i, honestly!
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\Hdinner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the main meal of the day, eaten at midday or in the evening.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal meal.
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\Hdinner jacket\h
also called a \Btuxedo\j\b\i
a jacket, usually black, worn with a bow tie on formal occasions, especially at night.
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\Hdinosaur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-na-sor \Pnoun\p a long-extinct reptile of the Mesozoic era, the largest land animal ever known. Greek \Ideinos\j\b\i terrible + \Isauros\j\b\i lizard
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\Hdint\h
\Pnoun\p a dent.
\Bby dint of\j\b\i, 'she won \Iby dint of\j\b\i her great enthusiasm' (= by the force or power of).
\Bdint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make a dent in.
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\Hdiocese\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-sis \Pnoun\p also called a \Bsee\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i a district under the religious control of one bishop or archbishop. \Bdiocesan\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1oss\j\b\iisan), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idiocesis\j\b\i district
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\Hdiode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-ode \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a valve with two electrodes, used for converting alternating current into direct current.
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\HDionysus\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-a-\CX1nice\j\b\i-us \Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the god of wine and fertility. \BDionysiac\j\b\i, \BDionysian\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hdiorama\h
\Pnoun\p a miniature, three-dimensional scene with modelled, painted figures and a painted background. \Bdioramic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdiorite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-a-rite \Pnoun\p a coarse-grained igneous rock, consisting mainly of feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals.
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\Hdioxide\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1ok\j\b\iside \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i an oxide with two atoms of oxygen per molecule.
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\Hdioxin\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1ox\j\b\ien \Pnoun\p a chemical compound which converts to a poison, used in herbicides.
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\Hdip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdipped\j\b\i, \Bdipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put or lower briefly into something, especially a liquid: '\Idip\j\b\i the fish in batter before cooking'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they \Idipped\j\b\i water out of the boat with a bucket' (= scooped, lifted).
b) 'I have only \Idipped\j\b\i into the subject' (= become slightly involved).
\CX12.\j\b\i to immerse sheep, etc. in a solution to destroy bacteria, parasites, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to drop or direct downwards: 'he \Idipped\j\b\i his car's lights as he approached the hill'.
\Bdip out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Idipped out\j\b\i in the exam' (= failed).
\Bdip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything into which something is dipped: a) 'a sheep \Idip\j\b\i'; b) 'a savoury \Idip\j\b\i for biscuits'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plunge or brief immersion: 'let's have a \Idip\j\b\i in the sea before lunch'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a downward slope or movement: 'there is a slight \Idip\j\b\i in the road ahead'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the angle which a stratum makes with a horizontal plane.
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\Hdiphtheria\h
\Isay\j\b\i dip-\CX1theer\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p an infectious, bacterial disease causing inflammation or blockage of the throat, usually in children.
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\Hdiphthong\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dip\j\b\i-thong \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i one sound made up of two vowel sounds, as \Iu\j\b\i in \Iduke\j\b\i (dee-uke).
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\Hdiploid\h
\Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i (of a cell) having a double set of chromosomes. Compare \Jhaploid\j\b\i. \Bdiploid\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a diploid cell or organism.
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\Hdiploma\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1plo\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p \IEducation:\j\b\i a certificate awarded when a student has satisfactorily completed a particular course of study: 'a \Idiploma\j\b\i of physical education'. \Bdiplomate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dip\j\b\ila-mate), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has received a diploma.
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\Hdiplomacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1plo\j\b\i-ma-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the art of maintaining relationships and agreements between countries, e.g. through an ambassador.
\CX12.\j\b\i any tact or skill in dealing with people: 'it will take some \Idiplomacy\j\b\i to break the news gently'. \Bdiplomat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dip\j\b\ila-mat), \Bdiplomatist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dip-\CX1lo\j\b\i-ma-tist), \Inouns\j\b\i, a person employed or skilled in diplomacy.
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\Hdiplomatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i dipla-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or engaged in diplomacy: 'a member of the \Idiplomatic\j\b\i service'.
the immunity of diplomatic officials from certain of the laws of the country in which they are working.
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\Hdipole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-pole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i any pair of electric charges or magnetic poles, separated by a small distance, such as a bar magnet.
\CX12.\j\b\i an aerial consisting of two rods each equal to half the wavelength to be received. \Bdipolar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
a rod used for measuring the amount of liquid in a container, such as the oil in the sump of a motor car engine.
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\Hdiptych\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dip\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p a pair of paintings on two panels, which are often hinged together. Compare \Jtriptych\j\b\i. Greek \Idiptykos\j\b\i double-folded
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\Hdire\h
\Padjective\p disastrous or terrible: 'the snow had a \Idire\j\b\i effect on their crops'.
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\Hdirect\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to guide or control: 'who \Idirected\j\b\i the company while the chairman was away?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'can you \Idirect\j\b\i me to the Post Office?' (= show the way).
b) 'who \Idirected\j\b\i you to say that?' (= ordered).
c) 'try to \Idirect\j\b\i your efforts towards something useful' (= turn).
\CX12.\j\b\i to organise and supervise the actors and actual performance of a play or film.
\Bdirect\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i straight or uninterrupted: 'a \Idirect\j\b\i line'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Idirect\j\b\i question' (= frank, straightforward).
b) 'a \Idirect\j\b\i descendant of Queen Victoria' (= immediate, in an unbroken line).
\CX12.\j\b\i exact or absolute: 'that is the \Idirect\j\b\i opposite of what you said earlier'. \Bdirectness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdirectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without delay, soon.
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\Hdirect current\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jelectric\j\b\i \Bcurrent\j\b\i.
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\Hdirection\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1rek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of directing: 'he acted under the \Idirection\j\b\i of his boss'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the point or position towards which something faces or moves: 'he drove off in the \Idirection\j\b\i of the city'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) guidance: 'can you give me \Idirections\j\b\i to the zoo?'. \Bdirectional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to direction in space.
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\Hdirection-finder\h
\Pnoun\p \IRadio:\j\b\i a device similar to an aerial, attached to a receiver, used to establish the direction from which radiowaves are sent.
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\Hdirective\h
\Pnoun\p any detailed instruction or command: 'the staff received \Idirectives\j\b\i on what to wear'.
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\Hdirect object\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jobject\j\b\i.
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\Hdirector\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who controls the affairs of a business company.
\CX12.\j\b\i the person who directs actors and the artistic performance of a play or film. Compare \Jproducer\j\b\i. \Bdirectorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdirectorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dirrek-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdirectorate\h
\Pnoun\p a) the position or office of a director. b) a board of directors.
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\Hdirectory\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a book with an alphabetical list of names or subjects: 'a street \Idirectory\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a list of contents showing on the screen other directory names and file names stored on the hard disk or on a floppy disk to enable the user to find information efficiently.
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\Hdirect speech\h
the exact words used by a person.
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\Hdirge\h
\Isay\j\b\i derj \Pnoun\p a sad, slow song of lament for someone who has died.
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\Hdirigible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dirr\j\b\iija-b'l \Padjective\p able to be controlled or steered.
\Bdirigible\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an airship which may be controlled, directed or steered.
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\Hdirk\h
\Pnoun\p a dagger, especially one formerly used by Scottish Highlanders.
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\Hdirndl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dern\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p a colourful dress with a close-fitting top and a full skirt worn by women and girls in the Austrian mountains.
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\Hdirt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any unclean matter or substance: 'please clean that \Idirt\j\b\i off your shoes before you come inside'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any earth or soil. \Bdirt\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, made of earth.
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\Hdirt-cheap\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very inexpensive.
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\Hdirty\h
\Padjective\p covered with dirt: 'I must clean these \Idirty\j\b\i windows'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the footballer was suspended for \Idirty\j\b\i play' (= unfair).
b) 'the book was banned because of its \Idirty\j\b\i language' (= indecent).
c) '\Idirty\j\b\i weather' (= rough, stormy). \Bdirtily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdirtiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdirty\j\b\i (\Bdirtied\j\b\i, \Bdirtying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make dirty.
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\Hdis-\h
a prefix meaning: a) not or without, as in \Idistrust\j\b\i; b) reversal or removal, as in \Idiscard\j\b\i; c) apart, as in \Idisintegrate\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hdisability\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a lack or loss of faculty or power: 'she obviously has a serious reading \Idisability\j\b\i'.
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\Hdisable\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1ay\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p to take away or destroy the ability or power of: 'the yacht was \Idisabled\j\b\i during the storm'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Idisabled\j\b\i soldier' (= crippled). \Bdisablement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisabuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1bewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to free from error or misunderstanding.
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\Hdisadvantage\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissad-\CX1vahn\j\b\i-tij \Pnoun\p an unfavourable or harmful condition, circumstance, etc.: 'the lecturer's soft voice put him at a \Idisadvantage\j\b\i in the large hall'. \Bdisadvantageous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-advan-\CX1tay\j\b\i-jus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, unfavourable; \Bdisadvantage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisaffected\h
\Padjective\p having become discontented or disloyal. \Bdisaffect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make disaffected; \Bdisaffection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to have a different opinion or view: 'I must \Idisagree\j\b\i with what you said'.
\Bdisagree with\j\b\i, 'rich food \Idisagrees with\j\b\i my stomach' (= upsets). \Bdisagreement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of disagreeing, b) an argument.
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\Hdisagreeable\h
\Padjective\p unpleasant or offensive. \Bdisagreeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisallow\h
\Pverb\p to refuse to allow or accept: 'the judge \Idisallowed\j\b\i the prisoner's claim of insanity'. \Bdisallowance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisallowable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdisappear\h
\Pverb\p to go out of sight: 'my gloves have \Idisappeared\j\b\i from the sideboard'. \Bdisappearance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisappoint\h
\Pverb\p to fail to be equal to what is expected or hoped for: 'the film \Idisappointed\j\b\i me'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were \Idisappointed\j\b\i that you couldn't come' (= made unhappy).
\Bdisappointment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being disappointed: 'our \Idisappointment\j\b\i at the result was enormous'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which disappoints: 'the Prime Minister was a great \Idisappointment\j\b\i to those who elected him'.
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1proov\j\b\i \Pverb\p to have or show an unfavourable opinion: 'the family \Idisapproves\j\b\i of his new group of friends'.
\Bdisapproval\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or a feeling of disapproving. \Bdisapprovingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisarm\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take away weapons or the means of attack: 'police \Idisarmed\j\b\i the two men'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to overcome the suspicions, hostility, etc. of: 'her frankness \Idisarmed\j\b\i the reporters'. \Bdisarming\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to charm or win over; \Bdisarmingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisarmament\h
\Pnoun\p the limiting of the size and strike potential of a country's military forces.
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\Hdisarrange\h
\Pverb\p to disturb the order or arrangement of: 'the strong wind had \Idisarranged\j\b\i her hair'. \Bdisarrangement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisarray\h
\Pnoun\p a confusion or lack of order. \Bdisarray\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisassociate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1so\j\b\i-see-ate \Pverb\p See \Jdissociate\j\b\i.
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\Hdisaster\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1zah\j\b\ista \Pnoun\p a greatly unfortunate accident or event. \Bdisastrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing ruin or disaster. \Bdis-\j\b\i + Italian \Iastro\j\b\i a lucky star
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\Hdisavow\h
\Pverb\p to deny or reject responsibility, etc. for. \Bdisavowal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisband\h
\Pverb\p (of a group) to break up or separate: 'the gang \Idisbanded\j\b\i as soon as they had the money'.
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\Hdisbar\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdisbarred\j\b\i, \Bdisbarring\j\b\i)
\ILaw:\j\b\i to expel a barrister from membership of the profession. \Bdisbarment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisbelief\h
\Pnoun\p a refusal or inability to believe. \Bdisbelieve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisburden\h
\Pverb\p to relieve of or remove a burden.
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\Hdisburse\h
\Pverb\p to pay out.
\Bdisbursement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of paying out: 'the \Idisbursement\j\b\i of committee funds must be controlled'. b) the money paid: 'this month's miscellaneous \Idisbursements\j\b\i total $247'.
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\Hdisc\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdisk\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any flat, round object or part, such as a coin or the rings of cartilage in the vertebral column.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a gramophone record. b) a flat, circular piece of plastic which can hold audio and visual images. \Bdiscal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bdisc, disk\j\b\i. While \Idisk\j\b\i is commonly used when referring to the thin, flat, circular objects used for storing information, \Idisc\j\b\i is preferred when these objects have been used specifically for recording music: 'compact \Idisc\j\b\i'.
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\Hdiscard\h
\Pverb\p to put or throw away: '\Idiscard\j\b\i all bruised or damaged fruit before cooking'.
\Bdiscard\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of discarding. b) anything which is discarded.
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\Hdisc brake\h
a type of brake consisting of a flat metal disc which is gripped by pads, used in motor vehicles and the undercarriages of aircraft.
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\Hdiscern\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis\CX1sern\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to see or recognise clearly: 'mother \Idiscerned\j\b\i from our silence that we were angry'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discriminate or judge between.
\Bdiscerning\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
perceptive or discriminating: 'a \Idiscerning\j\b\i knowledge of wine'. \Bdiscerningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiscernment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdiscernible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be seen or recognised; \Bdiscernibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdischarge\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1charj\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to relieve of a load, duty, etc.: 'the injured soldier was \Idischarged\j\b\i from all combat duties'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to send out or away: 'to be \Idischarged\j\b\i from hospital'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the company has now \Idischarged\j\b\i all its debts' (= paid).
b) 'the factory \Idischarges\j\b\i its waste into the sea' (= releases).
c) 'the driver was \Idischarged\j\b\i for stealing' (= dismissed).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i to remove or reduce an electric charge. \Bdischarge\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-charj), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of discharging, b) a person or thing that is discharged.
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\Hdisciple\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p a follower, companion or student: 'the \Idisciples\j\b\i of Christ'. \Bdiscipleship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idisciplus\j\b\i a learner
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\Hdiscipline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ia-plin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the establishing of correct order and behaviour with rules, training, etc.: 'there is not enough \Idiscipline\j\b\i in this class'. b) the methods used, such as rules, instruction, punishment, etc.: 'more \Idiscipline\j\b\i will be used in future'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a branch or subject of learning, etc.: 'the science \Idisciplines\j\b\i are not taught at this college'. \Bdiscipline\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use discipline; \Bdisciplinary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ia-plin-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or promoting discipline; \Bdisciplinarian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dissa-plin-\CX1air\j\b\iian), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who uses or encourages discipline. Latin \Idisciplina\j\b\i training
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\Hdisc jockey\h
a person who introduces and plays popular records on radio programmes.
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\Hdisclaim\h
\Pverb\p to deny connection or a claim to: 'he has \Idisclaimed\j\b\i the inheritance for personal reasons'.
\Bdisclaimer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a statement which disclaims.
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\Hdisclose\h
\Pverb\p to allow to be seen or known: 'the solicitor \Idisclosed\j\b\i the contents of the will after the funeral'. \Bdisclosure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisco\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a discotheque.
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\Hdiscolour\h
\Pverb\p discolor to spoil the colour of: 'her dress was \Idiscoloured\j\b\i by stains'. \Bdiscoloration\j\b\i, \Bdiscolourment\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscomfit\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kum\j\b\ifit \Pverb\p to frustrate, defeat or humiliate. \Bdiscomfiture\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kum\j\b\ifi-cher), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscomfort\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kum\j\b\i-fut \Pnoun\p a lack of comfort or peace: 'the crowded bus caused them great \Idiscomfort\j\b\i'.
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\Hdiscompose\h
\Pverb\p to disturb the calmness of: 'the shouting audience \Idiscomposed\j\b\i the actors'. \Bdiscomposure\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-kom-\CX1po\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier) \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being discomposed.
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\Hdisconcert\h
\Isay\j\b\i diskon-\CX1sert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to upset or perturb: 'she was \Idisconcerted\j\b\i by the family's silent stares'. \Bdisconcertingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisconcertment\j\b\i, \Bdisconcertion\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hdisconnect\h
\Pverb\p to take apart or detach: 'the electricity was \Idisconnected\j\b\i because we did not pay the bill'.
\Bdisconnected\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i not connected.
\CX12.\j\b\i having unrelated parts: 'the \Idisconnected\j\b\i film was very difficult to follow'. \Bdisconnection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisconsolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kon\j\b\isa-lit \Padjective\p unhappy and unable to be comforted. \Bdisconsolation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-konsa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisconsolately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscontent\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bdiscontentment\j\b\i
a lack of contentment or satisfaction. \Bdiscontented\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdiscontentedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscontinue\h
\Isay\j\b\i diskon-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yoo \Pverb\p to end or cause to end. \Bdiscontinuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscontinuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i diskon-\CX1tin\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p interrupted or not continuous. \Bdiscontinuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiscontinuity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-konti-\CX1new\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscord\h
\Pnoun\p a) a disagreement or difference of opinion, etc. b) any arguments or fighting caused by this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the audience flinched at the \Idiscord\j\b\i in the symphony' (= lack of harmony).
\Bdiscordant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
lacking agreement or harmony: 'their \Idiscordant\j\b\i political opinions lead to many arguments'. \Bdiscordance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdiscordantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscotheque\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\iko-tek \Pnoun\p discothΦque also called a \Bdisco\j\b\i
a place for dancing, usually with records or taped music. French, record library
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\Hdiscount\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-count \Pnoun\p a reduction in price: 'a \Idiscount\j\b\i is available for cash purchases'.
\Bdiscount\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to reduce the price of something, often by a set amount or percentage.
\CX12.\j\b\i to ignore or refuse to believe: 'you should not \Idiscount\j\b\i all the rumours that you hear'.
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\Hdiscourage\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kurr\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to take away the hope or confidence of: 'don't be \Idiscouraged\j\b\i by their criticisms'. \Bdiscouragingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiscouragement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscourse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-korse \Pnoun\p a lecture, speech or discussion, especially a formal one. \Bdiscourse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1korse\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to talk or discuss.
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\Hdiscourteous\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1ker\j\b\itius \Padjective\p not polite. \Bdiscourtesy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscover\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to find out or realise something not known before.
\CX12.\j\b\i to find: 'I have \Idiscovered\j\b\i a new cake-shop'.
\Bdiscovery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of discovering.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is discovered. \Bdiscoverer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has discovered something.
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\Hdiscredit\h
\Pverb\p to destroy confidence in: 'the author's theory was \Idiscredited\j\b\i by leading economists'.
\Bdiscreditable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
causing discredit or disgrace: 'his \Idiscreditable\j\b\i behaviour angered his family'. \Bdiscredit\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdiscreditably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscreet\h
\Padjective\p tactful and careful to avoid mistakes, embarrassment, etc. \Bdiscreetly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiscreetness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bdiscrete\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscrepancy\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1krepp\j\b\i'n-see \Pnoun\p a lack of consistency or agreement. \Bdiscrepant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdiscrepantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscrete\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i separate.
\CX12.\j\b\i having many or separate parts. \Bdiscretely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdiscreteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bdiscreet\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscretion\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kresh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being discreet: 'we would appreciate your \Idiscretion\j\b\i in this matter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the freedom to act or decide for oneself.
\Bat one's discretion\j\b\i, 'you may decide the price \Iat your discretion\j\b\i' (= as you wish). \Bdiscretionary\j\b\i, \Bdiscretional\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bdiscretionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiscriminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1krimm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to notice, indicate or treat with a difference: 'that company \Idiscriminates\j\b\i against its female employees'. \Bdiscriminating\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing good taste or judgement; \Bdiscrimination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of discriminating, b) good or perceptive judgement; \Bdiscriminatory\j\b\i, \Bdiscriminative\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, indicating differences.
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\Hdiscursive\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1ker\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i passing irregularly from one point or subject to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i based on reasoning: 'a \Idiscursive\j\b\i argument'.
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\Hdiscus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-kus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdiscuses\j\b\i
\IAthletics:\j\b\i a) a weighted disc-shaped plate thrown in competitions. b) the contest in which it is thrown. Latin from Greek \Idiskos\j\b\i
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\Hdiscuss\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kuss\j\b\i \Pverb\p to speak about together and exchange opinions: 'we must \Idiscuss\j\b\i the idea in detail'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Idiscuss\j\b\i this question in an essay' (= argue for and against). \Bdiscussion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1kush\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a talk to exchange opinions or views.
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\Hdisdain\h
\Pverb\p to regard or treat with scorn: 'he \Idisdained\j\b\i their offer of help'. \Bdisdain\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisdainful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisdainfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisease\h
\Isay\j\b\i diz-\CX1eez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an unhealthy state of all or part of a body. \Bdiseased\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, affected by disease. \Bdis-\j\b\i + French \Iaise\j\b\i ease
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\Hdisembark\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissem-\CX1bark\j\b\i \Pverb\p to go or put ashore from a ship. \Bdisembarkation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pverb\p to cause to lose illusions or beliefs: 'the country family soon became \Idisenchanted\j\b\i with city life'. \Bdisenchantment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisencumber\h
\Pverb\p to free from a burden or hindrance.
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\Hdisenfranchise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissen-\CX1fran\j\b\ichize \Pverb\p also called to \Bdisfranchise\j\b\i
to take away a person's rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote. \Bdisenfranchisement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisengage\h
\Pverb\p to release or unfasten.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the troops \Idisengaged\j\b\i and returned to camp' (= stopped fighting). \Bdisengagement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisentangle\h
\Pverb\p to clear or make free of tangles: 'it was difficult to \Idisentangle\j\b\i sense from nonsense in the poem'. \Bdisentanglement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisentwine\h
\Pverb\p to free from being entwined: 'he \Idisentwined\j\b\i himself from the ropes and jumped from the tree'.
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\Hdisfavour\h
\Pnoun\p disfavor disapproval.
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\Hdisfigure\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1figg\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to spoil the appearance, shape or effect of. \Bdisfigurement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisfranchise\h
\Pverb\p to disenfranchise.
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\Hdisgorge\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1gorj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to emit or eject, as if from the throat: 'the train \Idisgorged\j\b\i its passengers on to the platform'.
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\Hdisgrace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loss of favour, approval or respect: 'you are in \Idisgrace\j\b\i with the whole family for telling such a lie'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which causes disgrace or reproach: 'this untidy room is an absolute \Idisgrace\j\b\i!'. \Bdisgrace\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdisgraceful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, bringing disgrace; \Bdisgracefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisgruntled\h
\Padjective\p displeased or in a bad mood.
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\Hdisguise\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1gize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to change the appearance of something in order to conceal its identity, true nature, etc. \Bdisguise\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisguisedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisgust\h
\Pnoun\p a strong feeling of dislike. \Bdisgust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause disgust in; \Bdisgusting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing disgust; \Bdisgustingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, to a disgusting degree; \Bdisgustedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a disgusted manner. \Bdis-\j\b\i + Latin \Igustare\j\b\i to taste
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\Hdish\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a shallow, flat-bottomed vessel from which food may be served or eaten. b) anything shaped like this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular kind or preparation of food: 'my favourite \Idish\j\b\i is roast chicken with vegetables'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an attractive person.
\Bdish\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bdish out\j\b\i, \Bdish up\j\b\i, to serve or distribute. \Bdished\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, concave.
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\Hdisharmony\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1har\j\b\ima-nee \Pnoun\p a lack of harmony. \Bdisharmonious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-har-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdishearten\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1har\j\b\i-t'n \Pverb\p to discourage: 'he was \Idisheartened\j\b\i by the slow progress of his work'. \Bdishearteningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdishevelled\h
\Isay\j\b\i di-\CX1shev\j\b\i'ld \Padjective\p (of the clothes or hair) untidy, unkempt or disarranged. \Bdishevel\j\b\i (\Bdishevelled\j\b\i, \Bdishevelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdishonest\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1onn\j\b\iist \Padjective\p not honest. \Bdishonestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdishonesty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a lack of honesty, b) a dishonest act.
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\Hdishonour\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1onn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p dishonor \CX11.\j\b\i a loss of honour or reputation: 'his actions brought \Idishonour\j\b\i upon his family'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that causes dishonour: 'she was a \Idishonour\j\b\i to her family'.
\Bdishonour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to bring dishonour on or to.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to refuse to honour a cheque, bank-draft, etc. \Bdishonourable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdishonourably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisillusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1loo\j\b\i\Izh\j\b\ien \Pverb\p to disenchant or make aware of unpleasant realities. \Bdisillusionment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisincentive\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissin-\CX1sen\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p something which discourages effort, such as low wages.
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\Hdisincline\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-in\CX1kline\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make or be reluctant: 'I felt \Idisinclined\j\b\i to argue with him over such a small matter'. \Bdisinclination\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-inkla-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisinfect\h
\Pverb\p to destroy all the bacteria in or on something.
\Bdisinfectant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any chemical which destroys bacteria. \Bdisinfection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisingenuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissin-\CX1jen\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p pretending to be less artful, or more candid, than one is.
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\Hdisinherit\h
\Pverb\p to exclude an heir from an inheritance.
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\Hdisintegrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1in\j\b\iti-grate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to break into fragments.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lose unity or cohesion.
\Bdisintegration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of disintegrating: 'beneath the glacier the rocks underwent a slow \Idisintegration\j\b\i'.
to dig up something buried, especially a corpse: 'the body was \Idisinterred\j\b\i for examination by the coroner'. \Bdisinterment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisinterested\h
\Padjective\p unaffected by personal interest, involvement or advantage: 'a \Idisinterested\j\b\i judge'. \Bdisinterestedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisinterestedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisinterest\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack of interest or concern. \Bdisinterested, uninterested\j\b\i both refer to a lack of interest; however \Idisinterested\j\b\i describes impartiality or absence of selfishness, whereas \Iuninterested\j\b\i suggests merely indifference or lack of concern.
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\Hdisjointed\h
\Padjective\p disconnected or incoherent. \Bdisjointedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisjointedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisjunctive\h
\Padjective\p serving to disconnect or separate. \Bdisjunctive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a word, such as \Ibut\j\b\i, which indicates separation or contrast; \Bdisjunction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i See \Jdisc\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a) a thin, circular magnetic plate used for data or storing programs. A \Bfloppy disk\j\b\i is made of flexible plastic and is used in microcomputers; a \Bhard disk\j\b\i is made of metal. Also called \Bmagnetic disk\j\b\i. b) an \Boptical disk\j\b\i is a thin, circular, non-magnetic plate used to store data or programs, and which can be read optically by the reflection of a laser beam on its surface. See \Jdisc\j\b\i.
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\Hdiskette\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1ket\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jfloppy disk\j\b\i.
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\Hdisk operating system\h
short forms are \Boperating system, DOS\j\b\i
the program, usually stored in the computer's read-only memory (ROM), that manages the complete system and functions of a computer and its peripherals.
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\Hdislike\h
\Pverb\p to have no liking for. \Bdislike\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdislikable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdislocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\ila-kate \Pverb\p to put out of the proper place or position, e.g. two bones forming a joint.
\Bdislocation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dislocating. b) the state of being dislocated: 'the bad news threw our plans into \Idislocation\j\b\i'. c) a dislocated joint or part.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a fault.
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\Hdislodge\h
\Pverb\p to move or force out of place or position. \Bdislodgement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisloyal\h
\Padjective\p not loyal. \Bdisloyally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisloyalty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdismal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diz\j\b\i-m'l \Padjective\p gloomy or melancholy: 'what \Idismal\j\b\i weather!'. \Bdismally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Idies mali\j\b\i unlucky days
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\Hdismantle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take to pieces: 'we had to \Idismantle\j\b\i the engine to inspect the crankshaft bearings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to strip of fittings, apparatus, etc.: 'the old warship was \Idismantled\j\b\i as part of its conversion to a transport vessel'. from \Bdis-\j\b\i + \Bmantle\j\b\i
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\Hdismay\h
\Pnoun\p a feeling of anxiety or discouragement. \Bdismay\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fill with dismay.
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\Hdismember\h
\Pverb\p to tear or cut the limbs from.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the conquering powers dismembered the defeated party' (= divided into parts). \Bdismemberment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdismiss\h
\Pverb\p to send away or allow to leave: 'to \Idismiss\j\b\i a class'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was \Idismissed\j\b\i from the police force for taking bribes' (= removed).
b) 'he \Idismissed\j\b\i the idea as a complete waste of time' (= rejected).
c) 'the fast bowler \Idismissed\j\b\i the batsman for five runs' (= got out). \Bdismissal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of dismissing, b) the state of being dismissed, c) a spoken or written order of discharge; \Bdismissive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, expressing contempt or dismissal.
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\Hdismount\h
\Pverb\p to get down or off, e.g. from a horse, bicycle, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the gun was \Idismounted\j\b\i from the guncarriage' (= removed).
b) 'the knight was \Idismounted\j\b\i by a powerful blow of the lance' (= knocked off his mount).
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\Hdisobey\h
\Isay\j\b\i disso-\CX1bay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fail or refuse to obey. \Bdisobedient\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1bee\j\b\idient), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisobediently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisobedience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisoblige\h
\Pverb\p to fail or refuse to oblige. \Bdisobliging\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisobligingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisoblige\h
\Pverb\p to fail to oblige.
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\Hdisorder\h
\Pnoun\p a lack of order or normal functioning.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he suffered for years from a variety of stomach \Idisorders\j\b\i' (= ailments).
b) 'troops were finally called in to put down the \Idisorders\j\b\i in the capital' (= riots). \Bdisorder\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdisorderly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisorderliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisorganise\h
\Pverb\p disorganize a) to upset the organisation of: 'the heavy snowfall \Idisorganised\j\b\i public transport services'. b) to lack organisation: 'his work is completely \Idisorganised\j\b\i'. \Bdisorganisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisorientate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1aw\j\b\iri-en-tate \Pverb\p disorient to confuse, especially about direction. \Bdisorientation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisown\h
\Pverb\p to refuse to acknowledge as one's own: 'after his wild pranks at college the family \Idisowned\j\b\i him completely'.
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\Hdisparage\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1parr\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to belittle or treat slightingly: 'her abilities have been \Idisparaged\j\b\i too long'. \Bdisparagingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisparagement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisparate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\ipa-rit \Padjective\p basically unlike or different. \Bdisparity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1parr\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack of equality or similarity.
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\Hdispassionate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1pash\j\b\ia-nit \Padjective\p free from emotion or bias. \Bdispassionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdispatch\h
\Pverb\p despatch to send off: '\Idispatch\j\b\i this urgent telegram immediately'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the gladiator \Idispatched\j\b\i his opponent' (= killed).
b) 'their business was quickly \Idispatched\j\b\i and the two executives went out for a drink' (= transacted, finished).
\Bdispatch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of dispatching: 'please speed up the mail \Idispatch\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i efficiency or promptness: 'he completed the task with \Idispatch\j\b\i, and was back for more work'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a service or a means by which messages or goods are sent speedily: 'he sent the urgent message by special \Idispatch\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a story sent in by a media reporter. b) an official communication carried by special messenger, e.g. between officers of an army. Italian \Idispacciare\j\b\i to hasten
to drive off or scatter: 'the clear sky \Idispelled\j\b\i all fears of rain'. Latin \Idispellere\j\b\i to drive apart
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\Hdispense\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to deal out or distribute: 'he \Idispensed\j\b\i money to the poor'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mix, prepare and give out medicines, etc., e.g. on prescription.
\Bdispense with\j\b\i, to do without or do away with.
\Bdispensation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dispensing: 'law courts supervise the \Idispensation\j\b\i of justice'. b) something dispensed: 'money and other charitable \Idispensations\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a management or system.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i the removal or relaxation of a law, penalty, etc. \Bdispensable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be done without; \Bdispensary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where something, such as medicine, is dispensed; \Bdispenser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person, or device, that dispenses.
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\Hdisperse\h
\Pverb\p to scatter: 'the demonstrators \Idispersed\j\b\i when the police charged the crowd'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the sun \Idispersed\j\b\i the morning mists' (= drove away).
b) 'knowledge of how to use iron took a long time to \Idisperse\j\b\i throughout Europe' (= spread).
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\Hdispersion\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1per\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dispersing. b) the state of being dispersed. Also called \Bdispersal\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the splitting of ordinary white light into the colours of the spectrum.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the spread of values around the average value, usually measured by the standard deviation.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a suspension of particles in a solid, liquid or gas.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put out of its usual place: 'he had \Idisplaced\j\b\i his collarbone'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after the scandal about police corruption several police officers were \Idisplaced\j\b\i from positions of high authority' (= removed).
\CX12.\j\b\i to take the place of: 'Bob has \Idisplaced\j\b\i Rick in Ellen's affections'.
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\Hdisplaced person\h
a person forced to leave his or her own country, such as a refugee.
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\Hdisplacement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of displacing. b) the state of being displaced.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the fundamental quantity describing the change in position of a body, including linear displacement, expressed in metres, and angular displacement, expressed in radians.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the movement of rocks along a fault.
\CX14.\j\b\i the weight of water displaced by a ship: 'a liner of 25{\shad \j\b\i000 tonnes \Idisplacement\j\b\i'.
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\Hdisplay\h
\Pverb\p to show: a) 'to \Idisplay\j\b\i fear'; b) 'to \Idisplay\j\b\i goods in a shop window'. \Bdisplay\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisplease\h
\Pverb\p to offend or cause dissatisfaction. \Bdispleasing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdispleasingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdispleasure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisport\h
\Pverb\p to divert or amuse oneself.
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\Hdispose\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make willing: 'the high pay \Idisposed\j\b\i her to accept the job'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his weak constitution \Idisposes\j\b\i him to illness' (= makes susceptible).
\CX12.\j\b\i to put in a certain order or arrangement: 'the troops were \Idisposed\j\b\i in ranks'.
\Bdispose of\j\b\i, to get rid of or part with.
\Bdisposal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of disposing: 'rubbish \Idisposal\j\b\i'.
\Bat one's disposal\j\b\i, under one's control or direction. \Bdisposable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be disposed of.
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\Hdisposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i dispa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person's natural way of acting or thinking: 'she has a cheerful \Idisposition\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tendency or inclination: 'she has a \Idisposition\j\b\i to argue when she drinks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of putting in order or position: 'the general supervised the \Idisposition\j\b\i of his troops on the battlefield'.
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\Hdispossess\h
\Isay\j\b\i dispa-\CX1zess\j\b\i \Pverb\p to deprive of possession: a) 'the Europeans \Idispossessed\j\b\i the Aboriginals of their land'; b) 'rage \Idispossessed\j\b\i him of his senses'. \Bdispossession\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisproportionate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dispra-\CX1por\j\b\i-sh'n-it \Padjective\p also called \Bdisproportional\j\b\i
lacking in proportion. \Bdisproportion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisproportionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisprove\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1proov\j\b\i \Pverb\p to prove to be false or wrong.
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\Hdispute\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to argue, quarrel or debate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to question the truth or validity of: 'he \Idisputed\j\b\i her account of the incident'. \Bdispute\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisputable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisputant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who disputes; \Bdisputation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-pew-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of disputing.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make unsuitable for or unable to do something: 'his club foot \Idisqualified\j\b\i him from military service'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to deprive of the right to compete in a contest. \Bdisqualification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-kwollifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisquiet\h
\Pverb\p to make anxious or uneasy. \Bdisquiet\j\b\i, \Bdisquietude\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bdisquieting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing disquiet.
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\Hdisquisition\h
\Isay\j\b\i diskwi-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a formal speech or treatise examining and discussing a subject.
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\Hdisregard\h
\Pverb\p to pay no attention to. \Bdisregard\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack of attention or regard.
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\Hdisrepair\h
\Pnoun\p the state of needing repair.
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\Hdisreputable\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1rep\j\b\i-yewta-b'l \Padjective\p a) having a bad reputation: 'he haunts \Idisreputable\j\b\i nightclubs'. b) not respectable in appearance: 'she wore a \Idisreputable\j\b\i old coat'. \Bdisreputably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdisrepute\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-re-\CX1pewt\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition of being disreputable.
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\Hdisrespect\h
\Pnoun\p a lack of respect. \Bdisrespectful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisrespectfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisrobe\h
\Pverb\p to undress: 'the bishop \Idisrobed\j\b\i after the coronation ceremony'.
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\Hdisrupt\h
\Pverb\p to break up or throw into confusion: 'the hecklers succeeded in \Idisrupting\j\b\i the meeting'. \Bdisruptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to disrupt; \Bdisruption\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1rup\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
to make discontented or fail to satisfy: 'he was \Idissatisfied\j\b\i with his salary'. \Bdissatisfaction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdissatisfactory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdissect\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1sekt\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-sekt \Pverb\p to cut an organism apart to examine its structure.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the barrister \Idissected\j\b\i the evidence' (= examined carefully). \Bdissection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of dissecting, b) the state of being dissected, c) something which has been dissected.
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\Hdissemble\h
\Pverb\p a) to disguise or hide one's real feelings, thoughts, etc.: 'she \Idissembled\j\b\i her anger with a sweet smile'. b) to feign or pretend: 'the bored party guest \Idissembled\j\b\i gaiety'. \Bdissembler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisseminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1semm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to scatter or spread widely: 'the news was quickly \Idisseminated\j\b\i by radio'. \Bdissemination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdissension\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p angry quarrelling or disagreement.
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\Hdissent\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to differ in opinion: 'one member of the jury \Idissented\j\b\i from the opinion of her fellow jurors'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i to refuse to conform to the rules or beliefs of an established church. \Bdissent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdissentient\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'nt), \Iadjective\j\b\i, differing from the general opinion; \Bdissenter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who dissents.
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\Hdissertation\h
\Isay\j\b\i dissa-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) a long essay or thesis. b) a formal speech.
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\Hdisservice\h
\Pnoun\p any harmful or unhelpful action: 'to do someone a \Idisservice\j\b\i'.
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\Hdissidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ii-d'nce \Pnoun\p any disagreement. \Bdissident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, differing; \Bdissident\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who disagrees.
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1sim\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p to disguise or hide under a pretence. \Bdissimulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of dissimulating; \Bdissimulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who dissimulates.
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\Hdissipate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ii-pate \Pverb\p to disperse: 'I tried to \Idissipate\j\b\i the child's fear of the dark'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Idissipated\j\b\i his energies in a frantic attempt to do everything at once' (= wasted foolishly, frittered away). \Bdissipation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of dissipating, b) a dissolute way of life.
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\Hdissociate\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1so\j\b\i-see-ate \Pverb\p also called to \Bdisassociate\j\b\i
to separate from or not associate with: 'we don't agree with you and \Idissociate\j\b\i ourselves from your comments'.
\Bdissociation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of dissociating. b) the state of being dissociated.
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\Hdissoluble\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1sol\j\b\i-yew-b'l \Padjective\p capable of being dissolved. \Bdissolubility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdissolute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ia-loot \Padjective\p debauched or sexually unrestrained. \Bdissoluteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdissolutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Idissolutus\j\b\i lax
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\Hdissolve\h
\Isay\j\b\i di\CX1zolv\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to enter into solution.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring to or come to an end: a) 'to \Idissolve\j\b\i a marriage'; b) 'to \Idissolve\j\b\i parliament'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the figure \Idissolved\j\b\i into the mist' (= disappeared gradually).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i to make two scenes overlap by darkening one picture slowly as another is lightened and becomes visible. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bdissolve\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a scene made by dissolving.
\Bdissolve into tears\j\b\i, to be overcome by emotion and begin to cry.
a) the act of dissolving: 'the election defeat caused the \Idissolution\j\b\i of parliament'. b) the state of being dissolved: 'parliament was soon in \Idissolution\j\b\i'.
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\Hdissonance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\ia-nance \Pnoun\p a discord or disagreement, especially of sounds. \Bdissonant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdissonantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdissuade\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1wade\j\b\i \Pverb\p to persuade against doing something: 'she finally \Idissuaded\j\b\i the young man from jumping off the roof'. \Bdissuasion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1way\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdistaff\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\i-tahf \Pnoun\p a part of a spinning wheel which holds the cotton or other raw material to be spun.
\Bdistaff side\j\b\i, the female branch of a family.
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\Hdistal\h
\Padjective\p being situated away from the point of origin or attachment: 'toenails are at the \Idistal\j\b\i ends of toes'. Compare \Jproximal\j\b\i.
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\Hdistance\h
\Pnoun\p the extent of space or time between two points or things: a) 'the \Idistance\j\b\i from here to Perth is about 500 km'; b) 'a \Idistance\j\b\i of 50 years'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the dirty city looked quite pleasant from a \Idistance\j\b\i' (= long way away).
\Bkeep one's distance\j\b\i, to avoid familiarity.
\Bdistance\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put at a distance: 'try to \Idistance\j\b\i yourself from your present troubles and look at them objectively'.
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\Hdistant\h
\Padjective\p situated at a considerable distance: 'the sun is \Idistant\j\b\i from the earth'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we were headed for a village 3 km \Idistant\j\b\i' (= away).
b) 'a second cousin is a \Idistant\j\b\i relative' (= not close).
c) 'my ex-girlfriend greeted me with a \Idistant\j\b\i nod' (= reserved, not friendly). \Bdistantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdistaste\h
\Pnoun\p a dislike or aversion. \Bdistasteful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdistastefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdistastefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdistemper (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an often fatal, infectious, viral disease in young dogs, which causes catarrh and may lead to convulsions by affecting the central nervous system.
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\Hdistemper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a type of paint in which powdered colours are mixed with gluey or starchy substances, used in interior decoration, etc.
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\Hdistend\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1tend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to expand or swell: 'their bellies were \Idistended\j\b\i by overeating'. \Bdistension\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
a) to subject to distillation: 'to \Idistil\j\b\i water'. b) to extract by means of distillation: 'petrol is \Idistilled\j\b\i from crude oil'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the jury must \Idistil\j\b\i the truth from this mass of conflicting evidence' (= extract). Latin \Idestillare\j\b\i to drip down
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\Hdistillation\h
\Isay\j\b\i disti-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a process for purifying liquids, by which impurities are separated by boiling off the liquid and then cooling it in a separate condensing chamber. Mixtures of liquids can be separated by \Bfractional distillation\j\b\i, where the temperature of the mixture is progressively raised, and the liquid with the lowest boiling point (the first fraction) boils off and is collected first, followed by the others. \Bdistillate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a distilled liquid, b) diesel fuel, one of the fractions distilled from crude oil.
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\Hdistillery\h
\Pnoun\p a place where alcoholic spirits are made. \Bdistiller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that distils.
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\Hdistinct\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i plain: 'outlines become more \Idistinct\j\b\i when I wear my spectacles'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she showed a \Idistinct\j\b\i improvement in her work' (= definite).
\CX12.\j\b\i different or separate: a) 'bats and birds belong to two \Idistinct\j\b\i species'; b) 'you must keep the two ideas \Idistinct\j\b\i in your mind'. \Bdistinctly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdistinctness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdistinction\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of distinguishing: 'he makes no \Idistinction\j\b\i between rich and poor'. b) a difference: 'what is the \Idistinction\j\b\i between the two words?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the prince treated me with \Idistinction\j\b\i all evening' (= special favour or attention).
b) 'Charles Dickens is a writer of \Idistinction\j\b\i' (= renown).
\CX12.\j\b\i the highest honour awarded in an examinationa at a university, etc.: 'she got a \Idistinction\j\b\i in History'. \Bdistinctive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, characteristic; \Bdistinctively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdistinctiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdistinguish\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1ting\j\b\i-wish \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to recognise as being distinct or different: 'fool's gold, which is really iron pyrites, is difficult to \Idistinguish\j\b\i from real gold'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to see or hear plainly: 'from our seats at the back of the theatre it was hard to \Idistinguish\j\b\i what the actors were saying'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make different or set apart: 'our ability to use language symbols \Idistinguishes\j\b\i us from the other animals'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to make famous: 'she \Idistinguished\j\b\i herself in the field of medical research'. \Bdistinguishable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdistinguished\h
\Padjective\p a) famous or well-known. b) having the appearance of an important person: 'her \Idistinguished\j\b\i air caused people to treat her with great respect'.
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\Hdistort\h
\Pverb\p to pull or twist out of its usual shape: 'her face was \Idistorted\j\b\i with pain'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Idistort\j\b\i the truth' (= misrepresent). \Bdistortion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of distorting, b) the state of being distorted, c) something which is distorted.
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\Hdistract\h
\Pverb\p to divert the attention of: 'the radio \Idistracts\j\b\i me from my work'.
\Bdistracted\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
confused or greatly troubled in mind: 'the constant changes of plan had her quite \Idistracted\j\b\i'.
\Bdistraction\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of distracting. b) the state of being distracted: 'you'll drive me to \Idistraction\j\b\i with your behaviour'. c) something which distracts: 'the radio is a constant \Idistraction\j\b\i'. \Bdistractedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bdis-\j\b\i + Latin \Itractus\j\b\i dragged
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\Hdistraught\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1trawt\j\b\i \Padjective\p deeply upset or troubled in mind: 'the \Idistraught\j\b\i family refused to give up hope for the lost children'.
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\Hdistress\h
\Pnoun\p any acute or extreme suffering or trouble: 'his mother's death had caused him great \Idistress\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we picked up the radio signals of a ship in \Idistress\j\b\i' (= serious difficulties or danger). \Bdistress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause distress to; \Bdistressing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdistressingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdistressful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) causing distress, b) full of distress.
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\Hdistribute\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yoot \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to divide and share out: 'the dying man \Idistributed\j\b\i all his goods among his friends'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to spread out: 'the explosion \Idistributed\j\b\i wreckage over a wide area'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to sort out or classify: 'the results were \Idistributed\j\b\i into three main categories'.
\Bdistribution\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of distributing: 'the \Idistribution\j\b\i of presents took a long time'. b) the manner of being distributed: 'we studied the \Idistribution\j\b\i of plants in the area'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the frequency of sets of values in observations.
\Bdistributor\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that distributes.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device in a petrol engine which directs the surge of electricity from the coil to each spark plug in the correct sequence.
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\Hdistrict\h
\Pnoun\p a region, especially one marked off for administrative purposes, etc.
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\Hdistrust\h
\Pnoun\p a lack of trust or confidence. \Bdistrust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdistrusting\j\b\i, \Bdistrustful\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bdistrustfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdistrustfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdisturb\h
\Pverb\p to break or destroy the peace, quiet or rest of: 'the noise of fighting dogs \Idisturbed\j\b\i the night'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'who has \Idisturbed\j\b\i the papers on my desk?' (= put out of order, interfered with).
b) 'he was deeply \Idisturbed\j\b\i by news of his father's illness' (= troubled).
c) 'they came home early and \Idisturbed\j\b\i an intruder in the house' (= interrupted). \Bdisturbance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of disturbing, b) the state of being disturbed, c) anything which disturbs; \Bdisturbing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdisturbingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bdisturb, perturb\j\b\i both refer to the disruption of peace and quiet. \IDisturb\j\b\i is better used when describing physical effects: 'the dog's barking disturbed the night'; whereas \Iperturb\j\b\i is more appropriate when describing emotional effects: 'the poor results greatly \Iperturbed\j\b\i the student's parents'.
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\Hdisunity\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1yew\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p a lack of unity: 'if there is \Idisunity\j\b\i in the ranks, we shall fail'. \Bdisunion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdisunite\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-yoo-\CX1nite\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdisuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1yooc\j\b\ie \Pnoun\p a lack of use or the state of not being used: 'the door latch was rusted from \Idisuse\j\b\i'. \Bdisuse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1yooz\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hditch\h
\Pnoun\p a long narrow trench dug in the earth.
\Blast ditch\j\b\i, 'a \Ilast ditch\j\b\i attempt' (= final, extreme).
\Bditch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to land an aircraft in the sea in an emergency.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the criminal \Iditched\j\b\i the stolen car' (= got rid of).
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\Hdither\h
\Isay\j\b\i di\Ith\j\b\i-a \Pverb\p to fuss about in a confused or indecisive way. \Bdither\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hditto\h
\Pnoun\p a word or mark used in lists, etc. to indicate repetition of the same word or words. \Bditto\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, likewise.
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\Hditty\h
\Pnoun\p a short song.
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\Hdiuretic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-ya-\CX1rett\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a drug which increases the amount of liquid urinated.
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\Hdiurnal\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1er\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lasting one day.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or belonging to the daytime: 'a \Idiurnal\j\b\i animal is awake during the day and sleeps at night'. Compare \Jnocturnal\j\b\i. Latin \Idiurnus\j\b\i by day
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\Hdiva\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dee\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p See \Jprima donna\j\b\i. Italian, goddess
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\Hdivalent\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jbivalent\j\b\i.
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\Hdivan\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1van\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a low, bed-like seat with no back or sides. Arabic \Idiwan\j\b\i a bench, a court
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\Hdive\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to plunge headfirst, often from a height, into the water.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go deeply under water: 'she \Idives\j\b\i for pearls'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'share prices \Idived\j\b\i on the Stock Exchange' (= dropped sharply).
b) 'he \Idived\j\b\i into the bushes to avoid the car' (= leapt).
c) 'he \Idived\j\b\i into his pocket and pulled out some money' (= reached quickly).
\Bdive\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of diving.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cheap, disreputable place.
\Bdiving\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the sport in which a person dives into the water from a board, set at various heights, often performing prescribed movements while in the air. \Bdiver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that dives, e.g. a naval frogman, b) any of a family of large birds that can swim under water.
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\Hdive-bomber\h
\Pnoun\p a military aeroplane which drops bombs while diving steeply towards its target. \Bdive-bomb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdiverge\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1verj\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i de-\CX1verj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to branch off in different directions: 'the road and railway line \Idiverge\j\b\i at the foot of the hill'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my brother-in-law and I \Idiverge\j\b\i on many issues' (= disagree).
b) 'let me \Idiverge\j\b\i for a moment from my theme to tell a little story' (= digress). \Bdivergent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdivergence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdivers\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-verz \Padjective\p an old word meaning several or various.
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\Hdiverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1vers\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-vers \Padjective\p of different kinds, forms, etc.: 'the people at the meeting had very \Idiverse\j\b\i backgrounds'. \Bdiversity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdiversely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to give variety or diversity to: a) 'during her medical course she had little time to \Idiversify\j\b\i her interests'; b) 'the company chairman urged the board to \Idiversify\j\b\i investments'. \Bdiversification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiversion\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of turning aside. b) a detour.
\CX12.\j\b\i an amusement or hobby: 'for most people chess is a \Idiversion\j\b\i rather than a serious study'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a manoeuvre to draw the enemy's attention away from the main point of attack. \Bdiversionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdivert\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn or cause to turn in another direction: 'to \Idivert\j\b\i traffic'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to turn from serious thought or activity, especially by amusement.
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\Hdivertimento\h
\Isay\j\b\i dee-verti-\CX1men\j\b\itoe \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdivertimenti\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a light composition in several movements for a small group of instruments. Italian
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\Hdivest\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1vest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to strip or deprive of: 'the new law \Idivests\j\b\i landowners of some of their privileges'. \Bdi-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivestire\j\b\i to clothe
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\Hdivide\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to separate into parts: 'we \Idivided\j\b\i the loot into equal shares'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'opinions \Idivided\j\b\i over the issue' (= went different ways, were no longer united).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to calculate how many times one number contains another: '12 \Idivided\j\b\i by 4 equals 3'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i to vote on a question by separating into two groups, for and against the issue.
\Bdivide\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IGeography:\j\b\i a) a range of mountains separating rivers flowing towards opposite sides of a continent. b) a watershed.
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\Hdividend\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1divv\j\b\ii-dend \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the number to be divided. Compare \Jdivisor\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a share of something which has been divided, such as money paid to shareholders from a company's profits.
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\Hdivider\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which divides.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of compasses used for measuring.
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\Hdivine\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vine\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to God or a god.
\CX12.\j\b\i sacred.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) heavenly or excellent: 'the meal was \Idivine\j\b\i'.
\Bdivine\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i a theologian.
\Bdivine\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to learn or discover by intuition, inspiration or magic. \Bdivinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdivination\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i divvi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the foretelling of events; \Bdiviner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdiving\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdive\j\b\i.
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\Hdivining rod\h
See \Jwater diviner\j\b\i.
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\Hdivinity\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vinn\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being divine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a divine being; a god or goddess.
\CX13.\j\b\i the formal study of religion or scriptures.
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\Hdivisible\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vizz\j\b\ii-b'l\j\b\i \Padjective\p able to be divided: '21 is exactly \Idivisible\j\b\i by 3'. \Bdivisibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdivision\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dividing. b) the state of being divided: 'the \Idivision\j\b\i of opinions became obvious during the debate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of the parts into which something is divided: 'he was sent to the spare parts \Idivision\j\b\i of the factory'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i one of the large groups used in the classification of plants.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a tactical army unit consisting of three or more brigades. \Bdivisional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vie\j\b\i-zor \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the number by which another number is to be divided. Compare \Jdividend\j\b\i. b) See \Jfactor\j\b\i.
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\Hdivorce\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1vorse\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the ending of a marriage by a court decree.
\CX12.\j\b\i any complete separation. \Bdivorce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdivorcee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i de-vor-\CX1see\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a divorced person.
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\Hdivot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1divv\j\b\i't \Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i a piece of turf cut out by the edge of a club or bat as the player hits the ball.
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\Hdivulge\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1vulj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to disclose or reveal a secret, etc.: 'the official refused to \Idivulge\j\b\i the information to the press'. \Bdivulgence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Idivulgare\j\b\i to make publicly known
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\Hdixie\h
\Pnoun\p a small tin pot used by troops or campers to make tea or stew.
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\Hdizzy\h
\Padjective\p having or causing a sensation of spinning.
\Isay\j\b\i doo \Pverb\p (I \Bdo\j\b\i, you \Bdo\j\b\i, he \Bdoes\j\b\i; \Bdid\j\b\i, \Bdone\j\b\i, \Bdoing\j\b\i; \Iold forms\j\b\i: thou \Bdoest\j\b\i or \Bdost\j\b\i, he \Bdoeth\j\b\i or \Bdoth\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to perform an action: 'she still hasn't \Idone\j\b\i her work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to attend to: a) 'who'll \Ido\j\b\i the dishes?'; b) 'have you \Idone\j\b\i your teeth?;
c) 'Mrs Jones is \Idoing\j\b\i the flowers for the wedding'.
\CX13.\j\b\i special uses:
a) (in questions) '\Idid\j\b\i you kill her?'.
b) (in negatives) 'I \Idid\j\b\i not know her'.
c) (to emphasise a \Pverb\p) '\Ido\j\b\i stop talking nonsense'.
d) (as a substitute for a \Pverb\p that has already been used) 'she looks even younger now than she \Idid\j\b\i' (= looked before).
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his attitude can \Ido\j\b\i harm' (= cause).
b) 'the critics \Idid\j\b\i justice to the play' (= rendered).
c) 'the car will \Ido\j\b\i 200 km per hour' (= travel at).
d) 'we \Idid\j\b\i 120 km of the journey today' (= covered).
e) 'we are \Idoing\j\b\i a film on camels'. (= making).
f) 'my sister \Idoes\j\b\i French at school' (= studies).
g) 'the roast will be \Idone\j\b\i soon' (= cooked).
h) 'can you \Ido\j\b\i this crossword?' (= solve).
i) 'will two sugars \Ido\j\b\i?' (= be enough).
j) 'what will you \Ido\j\b\i when you leave school?' (= work at).
k) 'how are you \Idoing\j\b\i?' (= managing).
l) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you've really \Idone\j\b\i it this time' (= spoiled, ruined).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcould do with\j\b\i, 'the house \Icould do with\j\b\i a coat of paint' (= needs, would benefit from).
\Bdone for\j\b\i, dead or doomed.
\Bdo or die\j\b\i, to make a great effort.
\Bdo out of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she was \Idone out of\j\b\i the job' (= cheated out of).
\Bdo up\j\b\i, 'this house needs \Idoing up\j\b\i' (= renovating, decorating).
\Bdo\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
plural is \Bdo's\j\b\i or \Bdos\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which should be done: 'the \Ido's\j\b\i and don'ts of social behaviour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a party or celebration.
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\Hdobbin\h
\Pnoun\p a horse, especially a patient, plodding farm horse.
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\Hdocile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doe\j\b\i-sile \Padjective\p easily managed or led: 'the wild colt was broken and made \Idocile\j\b\i'. \Bdocilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdocility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i doe-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a wharf. b) a harbour with equipment for loading, unloading or repairing ships.
\Bdock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to come or bring into a dock.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lock spacecraft together while in orbit. \Bdockage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the charge for using a dock; \Bdocker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person employed to work on the docks loading and unloading ships, etc.
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\Hdock (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the solid part of an animal's tail, as distinct from the hair.
\Bdock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut off part of an animal's tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i to deduct from: 'to \Idock\j\b\i one's allowance'.
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\Hdock (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the enclosure in a courtroom where the accused person stands.
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\Hdock (4)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various plants with long taproots, mainly widespread weeds.
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\Hdocket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a label on a package listing contents, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a receipt, especially one from a cash register.
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\Hdockyard\h
\Pnoun\p a harbour where ships are built and repaired.
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\Hdoctor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person allowed by law to practise medicine, or some branch of it.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who has received the highest university degree, usually after several years of research or study beyond a bachelor's degree.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title of respect for such persons.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cook on a ship, sheep station, etc.
\Bdoctor\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to treat with medicines.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tamper with or alter. \Bdoctoral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdoctorate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the degree received by a doctor. Latin, teacher
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\Hdoctrinaire\h
\Pnoun\p a person who tries to apply a theory without considering the practical side.
\Bdoctrinaire\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i dogmatic: 'his \Idoctrinaire\j\b\i views finally led him to ruin'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dok\j\b\itrin \Pnoun\p a particular principle, belief or theory: 'a religious \Idoctrine\j\b\i'. \Bdoctrinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dok-\CX1try\j\b\i-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdoctrinally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdocument\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dok\j\b\i-yoo-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a written piece of information, evidence, etc.: 'when you apply for a passport you must supply certain \Idocuments\j\b\i, such as a birth certificate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i any self-contained piece of text or graphics which is produced by using an application, and which can be saved on disk for later retrieval.
a non-fiction film. \Bdocumentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdocumentary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Idocumentum\j\b\i a lesson or example
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\Hdodder\h
\Pverb\p to shake or totter. \Bdoddery\j\b\i, \Bdoddering\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bdodderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdoddle\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something that does not require effort: 'this job will be a \Idoddle\j\b\i'.
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\Hdodge\h
\Pverb\p to move aside or change position suddenly, especially so as to avoid something: 'Paul \Idodged\j\b\i when he saw the car coming towards him'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Mayor had no trouble in \Idodging\j\b\i the reporters' questions' (= evading).
\Bdodge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of dodging.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a trick. \Bdodger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a sly or tricky person.
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\Hdodgem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doj\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p a small low-powered electric car driven in special rinks at amusement parks, etc.
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\Hdodgy\h
\Padjective\p risky or unsound.
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\Hdodo\h
\Isay\j\b\i doe-doe \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, extinct, flightless bird of Mauritius.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, use is derogatory\j\b\i) a naive or silly person. Portuguese \Idoudo\j\b\i silly
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\Hdoe\h
\Pnoun\p a female deer, rabbit, etc. Compare \Jbuck (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdoer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doo\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a person of action.
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\Hdoes\h
\Isay\j\b\i duz \Pverb\p the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdoeskin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a leather made from the skin of a doe.
\CX12.\j\b\i a woollen fabric in a twill weave.
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\Hdoest\h
\Pverb\p an old form of the second person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdoeth\h
\Pverb\p an old form of the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdoff\h
\Pverb\p to take off: 'he \Idoffed\j\b\i his hat'.
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\Hdog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of various breeds of four-legged, flesh-eating mammals, either wild, such as the dingo, or domesticated, such as the poodle. b) the male of this animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fellow: 'a sea \Idog\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) greyhound racing: 'have a bet on the \Idogs\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdog in the manger\j\b\i, a person who keeps something of no particular use to himself so that others cannot use it.
\Bgo to the dogs\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go to ruin.
\Blead a dog's life\j\b\i, to have a harassed or unhappy existence.
\Blet sleeping dogs lie\j\b\i, to leave a situation as it is.
\Bdog\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdogged\j\b\i, \Bdogging\j\b\i)
to chase relentlessly. \Bdoggish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdoggishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdog-collar\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the reversed collar worn by the clergy.
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\Hdog days\h
the hottest days of the year, particularly from early July to mid-August in the Northern Hemisphere. thought by the Romans to coincide with the period when the Dog Star rose with the sun
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\Hdog-ear\h
\Pnoun\p a creased corner of a page which has been folded over like a dog's ear. \Bdog-ear\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdog-eared\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdogfight\h
\Pnoun\p a fierce fight between aircraft at close range.
stating opinions in a positive or overbearing manner. \Bdogmatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdogmatist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a dogmatic person; \Bdogmatism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdogmatise\j\b\i, \Bdogmatize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdog paddle\h
a simple swimming stroke in which the swimmer paddles his arms and legs below the surface of the water.
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\Hdogsbody\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drudge.
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\Hdog-tired\h
\Padjective\p extremely tired.
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\Hdog-watch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i either of the two short, two-hour watches (4-6 p.m. and 6-8 p.m.).
\CX12.\j\b\i the night shift, as in a coal mine.
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\Hdoh\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the spoken name for the first note in the scale. The notes in ascending order are: \Bdoh\j\b\i, \Bray\j\b\i, \Bme\j\b\i, \Bfah\j\b\i, \Bsoh\j\b\i, \Blah\j\b\i, \Bte\j\b\i, \Bdoh\j\b\i.
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\Hdoily\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdoyly\j\b\i
a small, decorative napkin made of paper, lace, etc. placed under objects on a shelf, table, etc.
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\Hdoing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doo\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p an action for which one is responsible: 'it is your \Idoing\j\b\i that we're late'.
\Bdoing\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdoldrums\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i the equatorial region where both calm and very turbulent weather is common.
\CX12.\j\b\i a time of inactivity, low spirits, etc.
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\Hdole\h
\Pnoun\p the money paid by a government to unemployed people who cannot find a suitable job.
\Bon the dole\j\b\i, receiving unemployment payment.
\Bdole\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bdole out\j\b\i, to distribute, especially in small portions.
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\Hdoleful\h
\Padjective\p sad or full of grief: 'the funeral was a \Idoleful\j\b\i affair'. \Bdolefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdolefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from \Idole\j\b\i, an old word for grief
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\Hdolerite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doll\j\b\ia-rite \Pnoun\p a medium-grained igneous rock.
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\Hdoll\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a toy which resembles a person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an attractive person. b) (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a young woman.
\Bdoll\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bdoll up\j\b\i, to dress smartly or showily.
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\Hdollar\h
\Pnoun\p a) the basic unit of money in Australia, America and certain other countries, equal to 100 cents. b) a coin or banknote worth one dollar. German \Ithaler\j\b\i a silver coin
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\Hdollop\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a lump or mass, especially of food: 'a large \Idollop\j\b\i of mashed potato'.
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\Hdolly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a child's name for a doll.
\CX12.\j\b\i a low platform on wheels which is used to move heavy equipment, such as cameras around a studio, etc. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Bdolly\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a shaped block of wood or metal used to form a sheet of metal when panel beating.
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\Hdolmen\h
\Pnoun\p \IArchaeology:\j\b\i a structure consisting of two or more large upright stones capped by a horizontal stone.
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\Hdolomite\h
\Pnoun\p a) a very common mineral, calcium magnesium carbonate. b) any rock consisting mainly of this mineral.
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\Hdolorous\h
\Padjective\p sad or mournful. \Bdolour, dolor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an old word for grief or sorrow; \Bdolorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdolphin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dol\j\b\ifin \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, highly intelligent marine mammals with a long snout, similar to whales and porpoises.
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\Hdolt\h
\Pnoun\p a stupid person. \Bdoltish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Bdoltishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdoltishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdom\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a title for a monk in certain religious orders.
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\H-dom\h
a suffix meaning: a) a domain, as in \Ikingdom\j\b\i; b) a collection of people, as in \Iofficialdom\j\b\i; c) a general condition, as in \Iboredom\j\b\i.
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\Hdomain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a territory under rule or control.
\CX12.\j\b\i an area of action or interest: 'the book belongs to the \Idomain\j\b\i of philosophy rather than that of practical politics'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the set of possible values for the independent variable of a function.
\CX14.\j\b\i a public park.
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\Hdome\h
\Pnoun\p a hemispherical roof. \Bdomed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdomestic\h
\Isay\j\b\i de-\CX1mes\j\b\itik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the home or family: 'the quarrel was purely a \Idomestic\j\b\i affair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i tame: '\Idomestic\j\b\i animals'.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to business within a country: '\Idomestic\j\b\i air transport'.
\Bdomestic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person employed to do household chores. \Bdomestically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdomesticate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdomestication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of domesticating; \Bdomesticity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dommess-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being domesticated.
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\Hdomicile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1domm\j\b\ii-sile \Pnoun\p a home or established place of residence. \Bdomicile\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdomiciliary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dommi-\CX1sill\j\b\iia-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdominant\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the most influence, power or control: 'in our house my father is the \Idominant\j\b\i person'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Idominant\j\b\i peak in the range is Mont Blanc' (= main, major).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to a hereditary character which shows itself whether one allele or two are present in a cell. Compare \Jrecessive\j\b\i. \Bdominance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being dominant.
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\Hdominate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rule over or control.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tower over: 'the mountain \Idominates\j\b\i the village'. \Bdomination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdomineering\h
\Padjective\p tyrannical or arrogant. \Bdomineeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdomineer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdominion\h
\Isay\j\b\i d'\CX1min\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the power or right to govern or control. b) the area so governed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a self-governing country of the British Commonwealth.
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\Hdomino\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdominoes\j\b\i
a) (\Iplural, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a game played with small, flat, oblong pieces whose faces are divided into two, each half being blank or marked with one to six spots. b) one of these pieces.
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\Hdomino theory\h
a theory which suggests that political change in one country tends to precipitate similar change in neighbouring countries, resulting in a chain-reaction like a falling row of dominoes.
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\Hdon (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a Spanish nobleman.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a college tutor or fellow, especially at Oxford or Cambridge. \Bdonna\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of don; \Bdonnish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) stuffy or pedantic. Spanish
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\Hdon (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdonned\j\b\i, \Bdonning\j\b\i)
to put on clothes, etc.
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\Hdonate\h
\Isay\j\b\i doe-\CX1nate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give as a gift: 'she \Idonated\j\b\i $20 to the appeal'. \Bdonation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of donating, b) something which is donated; \Bdonator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdone\h
\Isay\j\b\i dun \Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdong\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit or punch.
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\HDon Juan\h
\Isay\j\b\i don h'\CX1wah\j\b\in \Ior\j\b\i don \CX1jew\j\b\i'n a man who seeks numerous casual affairs with women. after such a character in an old Spanish legend
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\Hdonkey\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-eared mammal related to the horse and valued as a pack animal because of its sure-footedness and endurance.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a silly person.
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\Hdonkey's years\h
a long time.
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\Hdonkey vote\h
\IPolitics:\j\b\i a vote in a preferential system in which the voter numbers the candidates in the order in which they appear on the ballot paper, presumably not expressing any preference at all. Compare \Jinformal vote\j\b\i.
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\Hdonkey-work\h
\Pnoun\p heavy work, drudgery.
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\Hdonnish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jdon (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdonor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doe\j\b\i-nor \Pnoun\p a person who donates something: 'a blood \Idonor\j\b\i'.
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\Hdonut\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdoughnut\j\b\i.
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\Hdoodle\h
\Pverb\p to draw or scribble idly. \Bdoodle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdoodler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who doodles.
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\Hdoodlebug\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \Bflying bomb\j\b\i
a nickname for Hitler's pilotless bomber, launched against the London area in 1944.
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\Hdoom\h
\Pnoun\p an unhappy or terrible fate: 'the poison spray sent the ants to their \Idoom\j\b\i'.
\Bdoom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to condemn to ruin or destruction: 'because of lack of finance the project was \Idoomed\j\b\i from the start'.
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\Hdoomsday\h
\Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i the day of Judgement, at the end of the world.
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\Hdoona\h
\Pnoun\p a bed cover filled with feathers and or down, used instead of blankets. a trademark
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\Hdoor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a movable barrier which opens or closes the entrance to a room, etc. b) the entrance itself.
\CX12.\j\b\i any means of access: 'the \Idoor\j\b\i to success'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bnext door to\j\b\i, in the next house, room, etc.
\Bout of doors\j\b\i, in the open air.
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\Hdope\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) any illegal drug. b) a stimulating drug given illegally to racehorses, etc. so as to improve their performance. c) a stupid person. d) information: 'give us the \Idope\j\b\i on the secret meeting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various varnish-like preparations used for treating cloth, and formerly on aeroplane wings, etc. to waterproof or strengthen. \Bdope\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to administer drugs to; \Bdopey\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) stupid. Dutch \Idoop\j\b\i a sauce
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\HDoppler effect\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the apparent change in frequency of sound, light or other waves caused by the movement or movements of the source relative to the observer.
\IExample:\j\b\i the whistle of a train appears to the stationary observer to change in pitch as the train approaches, passes and continues. noted by \IC. Doppler\j\b\i, 1803-53, an Austrian physicist
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\Hdork\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid or contemptible person.
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\Hdormant\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) in a state resembling sleep. b) non-active, e.g. during hibernation.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a volcano) not erupting. Compare \Jextinct\j\b\i. \Bdormancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being dormant.
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\Hdormer\h
\Pnoun\p an upright window built out from a sloping roof.
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\Hdormitory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dor\j\b\ima-tree \Pnoun\p a room or building, usually in a school or university, which is used for sleeping accommodation.
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\Hdormouse\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdormice\j\b\i
a European, mouse-like mammal, living in trees and feeding on acorns and nuts; it sleeps for six months of the year.
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\Hdorsal\h
\Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i relating to the back of an organ or organism. Latin \Idorsum\j\b\i back
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\HDory\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jjohn dory\j\b\i.
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\Hdose\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of medicine to be taken at one time: 'the \Idose\j\b\i is written on the bottle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any portion or quantity. \Bdose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdosage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the giving of medicine in doses, b) the amount given. Greek \Idosis\j\b\i a gift
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\Hdoss\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to sleep, especially in a cheap lodging house or temporary place. \Bdoss\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a temporary sleeping place, b) sleep.
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\Hdosshouse\h
\Pnoun\p a place providing cheap lodging.
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\Hdossier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doss\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a collection of documents containing special information on some person or subject.
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\Hdost\h
\Isay\j\b\i dust \Pverb\p an old form of the second person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small spot or point, such as a full stop.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a sign (.) used to indicate multiplication. b) a decimal point.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the year dot\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) long ago.
\Bon the dot\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) punctually. \Bdot\j\b\i (\Bdotted\j\b\i, \Bdotting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to mark with or as if with dots, b) to place like dots.
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\Hdotage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doe\j\b\i-tij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feebleness of mind, especially resulting from old age: 'he has been in his \Idotage\j\b\i since he was seventy'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excessive fondness or affection.
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\Hdotard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dote\j\b\i-ard \Pnoun\p an old, feeble-minded person.
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\Hdote\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lavish excessive love or affection on: 'she really \Idotes\j\b\i on that child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be senile. \Bdotingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdoth\h
\Isay\j\b\i duth \Pverb\p an old form of the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdo\j\b\i.
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\Hdot matrix printer\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a printer which prints letters and symbols in a close dot pattern.
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\Hdot matrix printer\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a printer that forms text characters and images as sets of arranged dots on a page.
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\Hdotterel\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jplover\j\b\i.
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\Hdotty\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy or eccentric.
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\Hdouble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dubb\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i twice as big: 'a \Idouble\j\b\i whisky'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having two parts, etc.: 'the word has a \Idouble\j\b\i meaning'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i (of an instrument) producing tones one octave lower than the notes indicated on a score: 'a \Idouble\j\b\i bassoon'.
\Bdouble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a twofold size or amount: '12 is the \Idouble\j\b\i of 6'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a substitute: 'the actor used a \Idouble\j\b\i for the dangerous stunts'. b) a duplicate: 'she is the \Idouble\j\b\i of her twin'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a sudden backward turn or bend: 'she made a quick \Idouble\j\b\i to escape her pursuer'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a bet in which the winners of two races must be chosen.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a game in which there are two players on each side.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IBaseball and softball:\j\b\i a hit enabling the batter to run safely as far as second base.
\Bat, on the double\j\b\i, quickly.
\Bdouble\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become twice as great: a) 'to \Idouble\j\b\i a bet'; b) 'they \Idoubled\j\b\i their money by investing in stocks'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bend or fold with one part on another.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the baby \Idoubled\j\b\i its fists with rage' (= clenched).
\CX13.\j\b\i to serve in two capacities, e.g. a person who plays two instruments in a band.
\CX14.\j\b\i to act as a double in a film, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdouble back\j\b\i, to turn back on a course.
\Bdouble up\j\b\i, a) to duplicate an item, etc., especially inadvertently. b) to curl up the body in pain or laughter.
#
\Hdouble agent\h
a spy working simultaneously for two opposing governments or organisations.
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\Hdouble bass\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i a very large, low-pitched, stringed instrument played with a bow.
#
\Hdouble-breasted\h
\Padjective\p (of a coat) having overlapping flaps at the front and two rows of buttons. Compare \Jsingle-breasted\j\b\i.
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\Hdouble click\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jclick\j\b\i.
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\Hdouble-cross\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to betray. \Bdouble-cross\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdouble-crosser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who betrays another.
\Padjective\p having two tiers or layers: 'a \Idouble-decker\j\b\i bus'.
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\Hdouble-declutch\h
\Pverb\p (in a motor vehicle) to move from one gear into neutral and then into another gear, operating the clutch separately for each movement.
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\Hdouble decomposition\h
also called \Bmetathesis\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a reaction between two compounds in which both decompose and form two new compounds.
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\Hdouble dissolution\h
\IParliament:\j\b\i an order given by a governor-general to dissolve both houses of parliament so that a new election of all members and senators may be held.
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\Hdouble-edged\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having two cutting edges.
\CX12.\j\b\i having two effects or meanings: 'her praise was \Idouble-edged\j\b\i'.
#
\Hdouble entendre\h
\Isay\j\b\i dubb'l on-\CX1ton\j\b\idra a word or phrase with a second or hidden meaning. French \Idouble\j\b\i double + \Ientendre\j\b\i to mean
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\Hdouble-jointed\h
\Padjective\p having very flexible joints which allow free or unusual movement.
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\Hdouble standard\h
a moral or social principle which one person or group expects another to follow, without doing so themselves.
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\Hdouble star\h
See \Jbinary star\j\b\i.
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\Hdoublet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dub\j\b\ilit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a close-fitting upper garment worn by men from the 15th to the 17th century.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a pair of similar things. b) one of a pair of similar things.
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\Hdouble take\h
a surprised second look at something not understood or seen clearly at first.
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\Hdoubletalk\h
\Pnoun\p any ambiguous or meaningless talk.
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\Hdouble time\h
the payment of double wages to employees who work extra hours, e.g. on a public holiday.
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\Hdoubloon\h
\Isay\j\b\i dub\CX1loon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an obsolete Spanish gold coin.
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\Hdoubly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dub\j\b\i-lee \Padverb\p a) twice as much or many. b) in two ways.
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\Hdoubt\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pnoun\p a feeling of uncertainty, disbelief or distrust: 'there is no \Idoubt\j\b\i that you were wrong'.
\Bdoubt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to feel uncertain or hesitant about: 'I \Idoubt\j\b\i whether we will get there before 7 o'clock'. \Bdoubtingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdoubtless\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without a doubt; \Bdoubtlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdoubtful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having doubts: 'she seemed \Idoubtful\j\b\i about being able to come'.
\Isay\j\b\i doosh \Pnoun\p a) a jet of liquid applied to the body, especially to the vagina for hygienic or medicinal purposes. b) an instrument used to apply it. \Bdouche\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French \Idouche\j\b\i shower
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\Hdough\h
\Isay\j\b\i doe \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick paste of flour and milk or water, used to make bread, cakes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) money. \Bdoughy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like dough.
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\Hdoughnut\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdonut\j\b\i
a round or ring-shaped sweet cake, usually deep-fried.
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\Hdoughty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dow\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p an old word meaning brave or bold.
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\Hdour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doo\j\b\i-er \Padjective\p being sullen or gloomy. Latin \Idurus\j\b\i hard
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\Hdouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pverb\p dowse to throw water on, such as on a fire to extinguish it.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'last one to bed \Idouses\j\b\i the lights' (= puts out, extinguishes).
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\Hdove\h
\Isay\j\b\i duv \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pigeon.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person favouring mild action, such as peace or friendship with another country. Compare \Jhawk (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdovetail\h
\Pnoun\p a joint made by cutting one or more wedge-shaped holes in the end of one piece of timber, etc., into which the matching end of another piece is interlocked. \Bdovetail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdowager\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dow\j\b\i-a-ja \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a woman who has inherited a title or property from her deceased husband.
\CX12.\j\b\i any dignified elderly woman.
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\Hdowdy\h
\Padjective\p shabbily or unfashionably dressed. \Bdowdiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdowdily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdowel\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i towel \Pnoun\p a narrow cylindrical piece of wood or metal fitted into matching holes in two surfaces, to join them.
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\Hdower\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a widow's share of the property of the marriage, for her use after her husband's death.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for a dowry. \Bdower\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with a dower or dowry.
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\Hdown (1)\h
\Padverb\p, preposition, \Padjective\p from a higher to a lower position, level, degree, etc.: a) 'she came \Idown\j\b\i the stairs very slowly'; b) 'slow \Idown\j\b\i at intersections'; c) 'calm \Idown\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the back tyre was \Idown\j\b\i' (= flat).
b) 'she was knocked \Idown\j\b\i by the speeding car' (= to the ground).
c) 'boil the syrup \Idown\j\b\i until it thickens' (= to a smaller volume).
d) 'the house was passed \Idown\j\b\i from their ancestors' (= by way of inheritance).
e) 'he is kept \Idown\j\b\i by his family' (= in submission).
f) 'I felt rather \Idown\j\b\i the day after the accident' (= unhappy, depressed).
g) 'I will put \Idown\j\b\i $45 and pay the rest next week' (= as a deposit).
h) 'Australia is \Idown\j\b\i by 42 runs this innings' (= losing by).
i) 'take \Idown\j\b\i my address' (= in writing).
j) 'it was hard to settle \Idown\j\b\i to study' (= in place, in preparation).
k) 'we cannot confirm your reservation because the computer is \Idown\j\b\i' (= not functioning).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe down to earth\j\b\i, See \Jearth\j\b\i.
\Bdown and out\j\b\i, 'the street was full of \Idown and out\j\b\i derelicts' (= penniless, jobless).
\Bdown on\j\b\i, 'this town is \Idown on\j\b\i tourists' (= severe or critical towards).
\Bdown with\j\b\i, a) '\Idown with\j\b\i homework!' (= let's get rid of); b) 'she is \Idown with\j\b\i measles' (= sick in bed with).
\Bsend down\j\b\i, See \Jsend\j\b\i.
\Bdown\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a reversal or descent: 'the ups and \Idowns\j\b\i of life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling of dislike or hostility: 'I have a \Idown\j\b\i on them at the moment'.
\Bdown\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put or throw down: 'the workers \Idowned\j\b\i tools and went on strike'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Idown\j\b\i your coffee and let's go' (= drink). \Bdownward\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, moving or pointing down; \Bdownwards\j\b\i, \Bdownward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, to a lower place, position, etc.
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\Hdown (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the first, soft, fluffy feathers on some birds.
\CX12.\j\b\i any soft, furry growth. \Bdowny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdown (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any open, rolling country.
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\Hdownbeat\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) casual, unemphatic or gloomy.
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something, especially a drug, which counteracts stimulation.
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\Hdownfall\h
\Pnoun\p a) a destruction or ruin: 'his love of adventure caused his \Idownfall\j\b\i'. b) anything which causes destruction or ruin: 'gambling was his \Idownfall\j\b\i'.
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\Hdowngrade\h
\Pverb\p to reduce in status, salary, etc.
\Bdowngrade\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a descending slope, e.g. of a road, hill, etc.
\Bon the downgrade\j\b\i, declining in health, prosperity, reputation, etc.
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\Hdownhearted\h
\Padjective\p discouraged or dejected.
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\Hdownhill\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p in a downward direction.
\Bgo downhill\j\b\i, 'he \Iwent downhill\j\b\i very rapidly after the second heart attack' (= got worse).
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\Hdownload\h
\Pverb\p \IComputers:\j\b\i to transfer a file from a remote computer to one's own computer, usually by a phone modem. Compare \Jupload\j\b\i.
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\Hdown-market\h
\Padjective\p inferior in quality and style. Compare \Jup-market\j\b\i.
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\Hdown payment\h
the first payment of a series, usually made before delivery of the goods.
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\Hdownpipe\h
\Pnoun\p a pipe down the side of a building which carries water away from the guttering.
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\Hdownpour\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy shower of rain.
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\Hdownright\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i complete: 'a \Idownright\j\b\i fool'.
\CX12.\j\b\i honest or candid: '\Idownright\j\b\i sincerity'. \Bdownright\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, completely.
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\Hdownsize\h
\Pverb\p to reduce in number or size: 'the board of directors decided to \Idownsize\j\b\i the company because of the harsh economic conditions'.
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\HDown's syndrome\h
See \Jmongolism\j\b\i.
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\Hdownstage\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i at or towards the front of the stage: 'the actors stood \Idownstage\j\b\i from the chorus'. \Bdownstage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdownstairs\h
\Padverb\p to, at or on a lower floor: 'I told them to wait \Idownstairs\j\b\i'. \Bdownstairs\j\b\i, \Bdownstair\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdownstairs\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdownstream\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p in the direction of the moving stream or current: 'the canoe was carried rapidly \Idownstream\j\b\i'.
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\Hdownswing\h
\Pnoun\p a swinging downwards.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'how can we stop a \Idownswing\j\b\i in the economy?' (= decline).
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\Hdowntown\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i in or to the main business section of a city: 'we went \Idowntown\j\b\i for dinner'.
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\Hdowntrodden\h
\Padjective\p oppressed or badly treated.
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\Hdown-under\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) Australia and New Zealand. \Bdown-under\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdownward\h
\Padjective\p See \Jdown (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdownwind\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i with or in the direction of the wind.
\CX12.\j\b\i on or towards the leeward side: 'the tug is approaching \Idownwind\j\b\i of us'. \Bdownwind\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdowny\h
\Padjective\p See \Jdown (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hdowry\h
\Pnoun\p any property or money a bride brings to her husband at marriage, usually provided by her father.
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\Hdowse (1)\h
\Pverb\p See \Jdouse\j\b\i.
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\Hdowse (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pverb\p to search for water, etc. with a divining rod. \Bdowser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a water diviner.
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\Hdoyen\h
\Pnoun\p the eldest or leading member of a group. \Bdoyenne\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of doyen.
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\Hdoyly\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdoily\j\b\i.
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\Hdoze\h
\Pverb\p to sleep lightly or briefly: 'he \Idozed\j\b\i by the fire for a few minutes'. \Bdoze\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdozy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) drowsy, b) slow or stupid.
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\Hdozen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1duzz\j\b\ien \Pnoun\p any group of twelve things.
\Bbaker's dozen\j\b\i, thirteen. French \Idouze\j\b\i twelve
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\Hdrab\h
\Padjective\p having a dull, usually brown or greyish colour: 'the \Idrab\j\b\i uniforms of the soldiers blended with the colourless buildings'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what a \Idrab\j\b\i, humourless discussion' (= dull, boring).
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\Hdrachm\h
\Isay\j\b\i dram \Pnoun\p a unit of mass equal to about 3.89 g.
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\Hdrachma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1drak\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p plural is \Bdrachmas\j\b\i or \Bdrachmae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1drak\j\b\imi)
the basic unit of money in modern and ancient Greece.
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\Hdraconian\h
\Padjective\p (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) harsh or severe: '\IDraconian\j\b\i punishment'. \Bdraconian\j\b\i comes from \IDraco\j\b\i, an Athenian statesman who in 621 \BB.C.\j\b\i was responsible for drawing up a new set of laws, supposedly to get rid of inconsistencies in the old laws which were causing discontent. However, the people were even less happy with the new laws which were so harsh that the most minor offence could be punished by death. Thus, Draco's name came to be associated with exceptional harshness.
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\Hdraft\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a first or preliminary version of a speech or document.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written order for payment of money, especially from a bank.
\CX13.\j\b\i a detachment or contingent selected for a particular purpose.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a draft or outline of: 'his advisers \Idrafted\j\b\i the main points of his speech'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to conscript. \Bdraftee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a conscript.
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\Hdraftsman\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdraughtsperson\j\b\i.
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\Hdrag\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdragged\j\b\i, \Bdragging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to pull along with effort or difficulty: 'they \Idragged\j\b\i the table over to the window'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her first week in hospital \Idragged\j\b\i' (= passed slowly).
b) 'he \Idragged\j\b\i thoughtfully on his pipe' (= puffed heavily).
c) 'your blanket is \Idragging\j\b\i along behind you' (= trailing).
\CX12.\j\b\i to search with nets, etc.: 'police \Idragged\j\b\i the river for the stolen car'.
\Bdrag one's feet\j\b\i, to move or act slowly.
\Bdrag\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is dragged, such as a fishing net.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which slows down progress or movement, especially the force of a current of water or air against a moving body.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a very boring person or thing. b) female clothing when worn by a male. c) a car acceleration race. d) a puff of a cigarette, etc.
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\Hdraggle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make wet or dirty, especially by dragging on the ground.
\CX12.\j\b\i to follow in a slow, disorderly way.
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\Hdragnet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a net dragged through water to catch fish, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any intricate system for catching or trapping, such as is used by the police force.
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\Hdragoman\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bdragomans\j\b\i or \Bdragomen\j\b\i
an interpreter or guide in Middle Eastern countries such as Turkey. Arabic \Itarguman\j\b\i interpreter
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\Hdragon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMythology:\j\b\i a monster, usually pictured as a huge, winged, fire-breathing reptile with claws and scaly skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a strict or overbearing person.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various tree-dwelling or running lizards. The Asian species, called the \Bflying dragon\j\b\i, can glide by stretching the skin on the sides of its body over elongated ribs. Greek \Idrakon\j\b\i serpent
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\Hdragonfly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, harmless insects often with slender, brightly coloured bodies and wings.
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\Hdragoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i dra-\CX1goon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a cavalry soldier trained to fight on foot.
\Bdragoon\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to force, often by violent or oppressive means: 'the whole town was \Idragooned\j\b\i into feeding and serving the invading army'.
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\Hdragster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a low car built to race at full speed over very short distances.
\CX12.\j\b\i a low bicycle with upturned handlebars, designed to travel fast.
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\Hdrain\h
\Pverb\p to remove or empty slowly, especially liquids: 'the swamp areas were \Idrained\j\b\i to reduce the risk of malaria'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the country's fuel reserves were \Idrained\j\b\i during the petrol strike' (= used up).
b) 'he \Idrained\j\b\i his glass and stood up to leave' (= emptied).
\Bdrain\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any pipe, channel or other device which carries water, etc., especially away from a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which causes loss or expense: 'his long stay in the nursing-home was a \Idrain\j\b\i on the family's savings'.
\Bdown the drain\j\b\i, 'buying all those clothes is just money \Idown the drain\j\b\i' (= wasted). \Bdrainage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of draining, b) a system of drains, c) anything which is drained or carried away, such as sewage.
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\Hdrake\h
\Pnoun\p a male duck.
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\Hdram\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an obsolete unit of mass equal to about 1.77 g. b) (in America) a drachm.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small quanity of anything, especially alcohol.
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\Hdrama\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1drah\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a play or other literary composition, especially one in which there is conflict or tragedy.
\CX12.\j\b\i the art of composing and presenting such works, especially for the theatre.
\CX13.\j\b\i an event which is exciting or interesting: 'the \Idrama\j\b\i of the election held everybody's attention'.
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\Hdramatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i dra-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to drama or the theatre: 'he is doing a course in \Idramatic\j\b\i production'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lively, forceful or exciting: 'the commentator gave a \Idramatic\j\b\i description of the match'.
\Bdramatics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any dramatic productions: 'amateur \Idramatics\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any exaggerated behaviour. \Bdramatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdramatise\h
\Pverb\p dramatize \CX11.\j\b\i to put a story, etc. into the form of a play.
\CX12.\j\b\i to express in a dramatic way: 'he \Idramatised\j\b\i his account of the meeting'. \Bdramatisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdramatis personae\h
\Isay\j\b\i dramma-tis per-\CX1so\j\b\i-nigh \ITheatre:\j\b\i a list of the characters in a play. Latin
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\Hdramatist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dramm\j\b\ia-tist \Pnoun\p a playwright.
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\Hdrank\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdrink\j\b\i.
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\Hdrape\h
\Pverb\p to hang or adjust loosely in folds: 'she \Idraped\j\b\i a blanket around her shoulders to keep warm'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Idraped\j\b\i his legs over the arm of the chair' (= placed casually).
\Bdrape\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a curtain, or any length of cloth hung in decorative folds.
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\Hdraper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who sells textiles, linen, etc.
\Bdrapery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any textiles or fabric, especially when used as curtains or covers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a draper's shop.
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\Hdrastic\h
\Padjective\p extremely strong or violent: 'the rain had a \Idrastic\j\b\i effect on the crops'. \Bdrastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdrat\h
interjection curse or damn: '\Idrat\j\b\i this terrible weather'.
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\Hdraught\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i raft \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flow of air through an enclosed space: 'close the door to keep out the \Idraught\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device for regulating the flow of air, and thus the heat, in a stove or fireplace.
\CX13.\j\b\i the drawing of liquid, such as beer, from a cask or other container.
\CX14.\j\b\i a drink: 'he drank a long \Idraught\j\b\i of water'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the depth of water a vessel needs in order to float.
\Bdraught\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of animals) used for pulling loads: 'a \Idraught\j\b\i horse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of drinking liquids) being drawn straight from the container without being bottled: '\Idraught beer\j\b\i'.
\Bdraughtly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having draughts: 'what a \Idraughty\j\b\i old house!'.
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\Hdraughts\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i rafts plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bcheckers\j\b\i, \Bchequers\j\b\i
a game for two players, each with 12 pieces which are moved diagonally on a board of 64 alternately coloured squares. \Bdraughtsman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any of the 24 pieces used in draughts.
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\Hdraughtsperson\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdraftsperson\j\b\i
a person who draws architectural plans, etc. \Bdraughtsman\j\b\i, \Bdraughtswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to make a picture or outline with pen, pencils, etc.: 'she \Idrew\j\b\i a quick map of the area'. b) to describe in words: 'the characters in the play are not well \Idrawn\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pull: '\Idraw\j\b\i your chair closer to the fire'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Idrew\j\b\i a deep breath before diving under the water' (= took in).
b) 'as Christmas \Idraws\j\b\i nearer the city becomes crowded' (= moves, comes).
c) 'the visiting ballet company \Idrew\j\b\i large audiences' (= attracted).
d) 'I can only \Idraw\j\b\i one conclusion from your behaviour' (= make, arrive at).
\CX13.\j\b\i to pick or choose at random: 'let us \Idraw\j\b\i lots to decide who goes first'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to end a competition or game with no outright winner.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to prepare a cheque or bill of exchange, etc. The person ordering payment is called the \Bdrawer\j\b\i and the person from whom payment is required is called the \Bdrawee\j\b\i. The person to whom the payment is made is called the \Bpayee\j\b\i, who may or may not be the drawer.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdraw on\j\b\i, \Bdraw upon\j\b\i, 'the stranded hikers had to \Idraw on\j\b\i their emergency food supplies' (= make use of).
\Bdraw out\j\b\i, a) 'let's not \Idraw out\j\b\i this boring discussion any longer' (= extend, lengthen); b) 'the shy guest was \Idrawn out\j\b\i by their friendliness' (= encouraged to talk).
\CX16.\j\b\i \Bdraw the line at\j\b\i, See \Jline (1)\j\b\i.
\Bdraw up\j\b\i, a) 'the car \Idrew up\j\b\i at the kerb' (= stopped); b) 'the battalion was \Idrawn up\j\b\i for battle' (= arranged in formation); c) 'the two governments will \Idraw up\j\b\i a trade agreement' (= prepare).
\Bdraw\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of drawing: 'a lottery \Idraw\j\b\i'. b) the state of being drawn: 'the game ended in a \Idraw\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which draws or attracts: 'this new actor is bound to be a great \Idraw\j\b\i'.
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\Hdrawback\h
\Pnoun\p a disadvantage.
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\Hdrawbridge\h
\Pnoun\p a bridge which may be raised or lowered.
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\Hdrawer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dror) a sliding, storage compartment in a piece of furniture.
\Pnoun\p a cord or string, the end or ends of which are pulled to close a bag, etc.
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\Hdray\h
\Pnoun\p a horse-drawn cart without sides used to carry heavy loads.
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\Hdread\h
\Isay\j\b\i dred \Pverb\p to have great fear or apprehension of: 'he \Idreads\j\b\i driving in heavy traffic'. \Bdread\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdreadful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing dread or horror: 'the details of the \Idreadful\j\b\i accident were withheld'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unpleasant or bad.: 'what a \Idreadful\j\b\i day!'. \Bdreadfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdreadfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdreadnought\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dred\j\b\i-nawt \Pnoun\p an old type of battleship, built by the British before World War 1.
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\Hdream\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sequence of images, etc. occurring in the mind during sleep.
\CX12.\j\b\i any imagined vision, hope or fancy: 'a \Idream\j\b\i of future peace'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which is beautiful or pleasing.
\Bdream\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdreamt\j\b\i or \Bdreamed\j\b\i, \Bdreaming\j\b\i)
to have a dream.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'stop \Idreaming\j\b\i and concentrate on your work' (= daydreaming).
b) 'I never \Idreamt\j\b\i we would win' (= imagined).
\Bdream up\j\b\i 'what mad idea will you \Idream up\j\b\i next?' (= invent). \Bdreamer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdreamless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdreamy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, vague, unreal or dream-like.
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\Hdreaming\h
\Pnoun\p an Aboriginal's knowledge and awareness of the Dreaming.
\Bthe Dreaming\j\b\i
\IAboriginal mythology:\j\b\i the time in which the earth was created and in which the processes of life were begun.
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\Hdreary\h
\Padjective\p dull or gloomy: 'miles of \Idreary\j\b\i suburbs'. \Bdreariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdrearily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdrear\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdredge (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various machines using scoops or suction pumps to draw up silt or other materials from the bed of a river, etc. \Bdredge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to use a dredge, b) to explore or remove with or as if with a dredge; \Bdredger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a boat equipped with a dredge.
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\Hdredge (2)\h
\Pverb\p to sprinkle or scatter: '\Idredge\j\b\i the cutlets with flour before frying'. \Bdredger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an implement used for sprinkling.
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\Hdregs\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the sediment of wine or other liquids.
\CX12.\j\b\i the most worthless or inferior parts of anything: 'he treats us like the \Idregs\j\b\i of humanity'.
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\Hdrench\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to soak or wet completely: 'we were \Idrenched\j\b\i in the storm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give medicine to an animal. \Bdrench\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of female clothing consisting of a skirt and a top in one piece.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any clothing. b) formal clothing.
\Bdress\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to put on clothes. b) to put on formal clothes.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the nurse \Idressed\j\b\i and bandaged his cuts' (= treated).
b) 'the shop windows were \Idressed\j\b\i for the Christmas sale' (= decorated).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdress down\j\b\i, 'he was severely \Idressed down\j\b\i for cheating' (= scolded).
\Bdress up\j\b\i, a) 'let's \Idress up\j\b\i as pirates' (= put on the costume of); b) 'do I need to \Idress up\j\b\i for dinner?' (= wear formal clothes).
#
\Hdressage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dress\j\b\i-ahj \Pnoun\p a) the art of training a horse in obedience, etc. b) a competition based on these skills.
#
\Hdress circle\h
the curving section of seats upstairs in a theatre.
#
\Hdresser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of kitchen furniture with open shelves at the top, drawers for cutlery, and cupboards at the bottom.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a dressing-table.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who looks after and arranges the clothes of an actor or actress in a theatre's dressing-room.
#
\Hdressing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sauce for food: 'salad \Idressing\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a medicated cloth for covering and protecting a wound.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything used to treat or prepare soil, such as fertiliser, compost, etc.
#
\Hdressing-gown\h
\Pnoun\p a loose coat, usually tied with a sash and worn over nightclothes.
#
\Hdressing-room\h
\Pnoun\p a room set aside for a person to dress in, e.g. one backstage in a theatre.
#
\Hdressing-table\h
\Pnoun\p a bedroom table with drawers and usually a mirror on top, used when dressing.
#
\Hdress rehearsal\h
See \Jrehearsal\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrew\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdraw\j\b\i.
#
\Hdribble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to flow or allow to flow in slow, small drops: 'blood \Idribbled\j\b\i from the cut on her knee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to propel the ball with a series of short kicks, pushes or bounces. \Bdribble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdriblet\h
\Pnoun\p dribblet a very small amount of anything.
#
\Hdribs and drabs\h
any small, irregular amounts: 'he paid his rent in \Idribs and drabs\j\b\i'.
#
\Hdried\h
\Isay\j\b\i dride \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdry\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrier\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which dries: 'a clothes \Idrier\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a substance added to paints, varnishes, etc., to make them dry more quickly.
#
\Hdrift\h
\Pverb\p to be carried or moved along without particular direction: 'the boat \Idrifted\j\b\i on the calm sea after the engine broke down'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has \Idrifted\j\b\i about the country all his life' (= wandered aimlessly).
\Bdrift\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a drifting or carrying movement: 'the \Idrift\j\b\i of the tides'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Idrift\j\b\i of world events seemed to be towards peace' (= trend, movement).
b) 'what was the main \Idrift\j\b\i of his argument?' (= aim, meaning).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a) any deposit on the earth transported by wind, a glacier or water. b) a broad, shallow current in the sea or a lake.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISouth African:\j\b\i a ford.
#
\Hdrifter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who drifts without aim or purpose.
#
\Hdriftwood\h
\Pnoun\p any wood found floating in the sea or deposited on the beach.
#
\Hdrill (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various tools for boring holes.
\CX12.\j\b\i any strict method of exercise and training, e.g. for soldiers.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is the \Idrill\j\b\i for insuring my car?' (= procedure).
\Bdrill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make holes with a drill.
\CX12.\j\b\i to train and instruct by strict methods.
#
\Hdrill (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small furrow in the soil, in which seeds are planted. b) a machine which plants seeds in rows and covers them with soil. \Bdrill\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrill (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a strong cotton fabric used to make uniforms, sails, etc.
to take in or swallow liquid: '\Idrink\j\b\i your tea while it's still hot'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I don't think that they \Idrink\j\b\i at all' (= consume alcohol).
b) 'we eagerly \Idrank\j\b\i in every word of his story' (= took, absorbed).
\Bdrink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) any liquid for drinking: 'I need a \Idrink\j\b\i to quench my thirst'. b) an alcoholic drink: 'let's have a \Idrink\j\b\i before dinner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the sea. \Bdrinkable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fit for drinking; \Bdrinker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdripped\j\b\i, \Bdripping\j\b\i)
to fall or allow to fall in drops: 'water was \Idripping\j\b\i noisily from the leaking tap'.
\Bdrip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dripping. b) the liquid which drips or the noise it makes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISurgery:\j\b\i a device for intravenous feeding.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an insipid or foolish person.
#
\Hdripdry\h
\Padjective\p (of fabric) drying without creases.
#
\Hdripping\h
\Pnoun\p the fat obtained while cooking meat, which can be re-used.
\CX12.\j\b\i to talk or act foolishly. \Bdrivel\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdriver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that drives.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a software program or a hardware device used to manage the transfer of data between the computer and a peripheral such as a printer.
#
\Hdriveshaft\h
\Pnoun\p a) a shaft which transmits power from an engine to the working parts of a machine. b) a tailshaft.
#
\Hdriveway\h
\Pnoun\p a private road or path leading to a house, etc.
#
\Hdrizzle\h
\Pverb\p to rain in light, small drops. \Bdrizzle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdrizzly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hdroll\h
\Padjective\p strangely comical or amusing: 'what a \Idroll\j\b\i remark!'.
\Bdrollery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the quality of being droll. b) a strangely amusing joke or trick. \Bdrollness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdrolly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrome\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an aerodrome.
#
\Hdromedary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dromm\j\b\ia-dree \Pnoun\p See \Jcamel\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrone (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male bee which develops from an unfertilised egg, does not produce honey, and dies or is killed soon after mating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lazy person.
\CX13.\j\b\i an aircraft or other vehicle guided by remote control.
#
\Hdrone (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make a dull, continuous sound: 'the voice of the lecturer \Idroned\j\b\i on in the half-filled hall'.
\Bdrone\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a dull continuous sound or voice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a boring person or dull speaker.
#
\Hdrongo\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
#
\Hdrool\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to dribble saliva.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to regard something with greedy desire.
\Bdrool over\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to regard with greedy desire.
#
\Hdroop\h
\Pverb\p to hang or bend down loosely: 'her head \Idrooped\j\b\i wearily over her books'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his spirits \Idrooped\j\b\i after hours of waiting for rescue' (= fell, sank). \Bdroopy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrop\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdropped\j\b\i, \Bdropping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fall: a) 'beads of water were still \Idropping\j\b\i from the branches'; b) 'she has \Idropped\j\b\i into the habit of working late'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause or allow to fall: '\Idrop\j\b\i that gun or you're dead!'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make or become lower: 'I've \Idropped\j\b\i the hem another couple of centimetres'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please \Idrop\j\b\i me at the corner' (= let out).
b) 'she was \Idropped\j\b\i from the team because of injury' (= left out).
c) 'I \Idropped\j\b\i maths at the beginning of the year' (= stopped studying).
d) '\Idrop\j\b\i me a note to say you arrived safely' (= send).
e) 'stop arguing and we'll \Idrop\j\b\i the whole subject' (= end).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdrop in, drop by\j\b\i, to make a visit.
\Bdrop off\j\b\i, a) 'don't \Idrop off\j\b\i in front of the fire' (= fall asleep); b) 'sales \Idropped off\j\b\i after Chrstmas' (= decreased).
\Bdrop out\j\b\i, to withdraw or disappear.
\Bdrop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of dropping: 'a \Idrop\j\b\i in prices'. b) the amount by which something drops: 'a cliff with a 500 m \Idrop\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small quantity or amount, especially a small sphere of liquid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'have one of my cough \Idrops\j\b\i' (= lozenges).
#
\Hdrop-down menu\h
See \Jmenu.\j\b\i
#
\Hdrop forging\h
a forging made by the dropping of a heavy weight (called a \Bdrop hammer\j\b\i) on to the metal which is usually placed between the dies. \Bdrop-forge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrop kick\h
\IFootball:\j\b\i a kick, in Rugby and Australian Rules, in which the ball is dropped at an angle and kicked as it leaves the ground. Compare \Jdrop punt\j\b\i. \Bdrop-kick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdropout\h
\Pnoun\p drop-out a person who rejects or withdraws from an established institution or normal society.
#
\Hdropper\h
\Pnoun\p a device consisting of a tube with a rubber bulb at one end, for releasing a liquid in drops.
#
\Hdroppings\h
plural \Pnoun\p the dung of animals.
#
\Hdrop punt\h
\IFootball:\j\b\i a kick, in Australian Rules, in which the ball is dropped with the ends vertical and kicked before it touches the ground. Compare \Jdrop kick\j\b\i. \Bdrop-punt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrop scone\h
a pikelet.
#
\Hdropsy\h
\Pnoun\p See \Joedema\j\b\i.
#
\Hdross\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scum of oxide and other impurities on the surface of molten metal.
\CX12.\j\b\i any waste matter.
#
\Hdrought\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pnoun\p a long period of weather without rain. \Bdroughty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dry or lacking rain.
#
\Hdrove (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bdrive\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrove (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of sheep, cattle, etc. in one herd.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large crowd of people. \Bdrove\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i to move or drive cattle, sheep, etc. in a herd; \Bdrover\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrown\h
\Pverb\p to die or cause to die by suffocating in water or other liquid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the roars of the crowd \Idrowned\j\b\i his voice' (= overwhelmed, muffled).
#
\Hdrowse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cows \Pverb\p to be half-asleep: 'he spent the afternoon \Idrowsing\j\b\i by the fire'. \Bdrowsy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tired or half-asleep; \Bdrowse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdrowsily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdrowsiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrub\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdrubbed\j\b\i, \Bdrubbing\j\b\i)
to beat severely. \Bdrubbing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrudge\h
\Pnoun\p a person who works at a dreary or uninteresting task. \Bdrudgery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any hard or uninteresting work; \Bdrudge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any chemical substance used to treat disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i any addictive substance, such as certain narcotics.
\Bdrug\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdrugged\j\b\i, \Bdrugging\j\b\i)
to administer a drug to.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was still \Idrugged\j\b\i with sleep as she stumbled to the shower' (= stupefied).
#
\Hdruggist\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a pharmacist.
#
\Hdrugstore\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a chemist's shop that offers a variety of goods other than pharmaceutical goods.
#
\Hdrum\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i any of various percussion instruments consisting of a tightly stretched skin or membrane on a round frame, which is struck with sticks or the hands.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large spool wound with cable, wire or heavy rope.
\CX13.\j\b\i a cylindrical container: 'a petrol \Idrum\j\b\i'.
\Bbeat the drum for\j\b\i, to proclaim or praise.
\Bdrum\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdrummed\j\b\i, \Bdrumming\j\b\i)
to thump or tap rhythmically on, or as if on, a drum.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the dance instructor certainly \Idrums\j\b\i the routines into the chorus' (= forces by repetition).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdrum out\j\b\i, to expel or dismiss in disgrace.
\Bdrum up\j\b\i, 'he's trying to \Idrum up\j\b\i support for his ideas' (= obtain). \Bdrummer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays a drum.
#
\Hdrumstick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick used for beating a drum.
\CX12.\j\b\i the lower part of the leg of a chicken, duck or turkey.
#
\Hdrunk\h
\Padjective\p intoxicated or overcome with, or as if with, alcohol.
\Bdrunk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
short form of \Bdrunkard\j\b\i
a person who is often drunk.
\Bdrunk\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdrink\j\b\i.
#
\Hdrunken\h
\Padjective\p of or showing the effects of drinking alcohol: 'his \Idrunken\j\b\i behaviour embarrassed all the guests'. \Bdrunkenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdrunkenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being drunk.
#
\Hdrupe\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bstone fruit\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a juicy fruit with an outer fleshy layer around a covered seed, such as a plum. Latin \Idruppa\j\b\i an overripe olive
#
\Hdry\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not wet or producing liquid: 'wood must be \Idry\j\b\i or it will not burn properly'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a boiled egg and a piece of \Idry\j\b\i toast' (= unbuttered).
b) 'they found the speech rather \Idry\j\b\i and boring' (= uninteresting).
c) 'his short talk gave only the \Idry\j\b\i facts' (= plain).
d) 'we found that the party was \Idry\j\b\i' (= without alcohol).
e) 'a \Idry\j\b\i sense of humour' (= tersely expressed, ironically matter-of-fact).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of wines, biscuits, etc.) not sweet.
\Bdry\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bdried\j\b\i, \Bdrying\j\b\i)
to make or become free of moisture: 'please \Idry\j\b\i the plates thoroughly before you put them away'.
\Bdry up\j\b\i, a) 'the stream \Idries up\j\b\i in summer' (= becomes completely dry); b) 'she \Idried up\j\b\i as she stood nervously on the stage' (= forgot her lines); c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'please \Idry up\j\b\i, I can't concentrate with all that chatter' ( = be quiet). \Bdrily\j\b\i, \Bdryly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdryness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who expounds and supports uncompromising right-wing political policies. Compare \Jwet\j\b\i.
#
\Hdryad\h
\Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a nymph of the woods.
#
\Hdry battery\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a dry cell or a battery containing dry cells.
#
\Hdry cell\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jcell\j\b\i.
#
\Hdry-cleaning\h
\Pnoun\p the process of cleaning clothes with chemical solvents, etc. \Bdry-clean\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdry-cleaner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdry dock\h
a dock from which the water may be removed to allow a ship to be painted and repaired.
#
\Hdry ginger\h
ginger ale.
#
\Hdry goods\h
\CX11.\j\b\i any non-liquid, basic goods, such as corn.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i textiles, as opposed to groceries and hardware.
#
\Hdry ice\h
frozen carbon dioxide, which is useful as a refrigerant because it evaporates directly from solid ice into a gas. See \Jsublime\j\b\i.
#
\Hdry monsoon\h
See \Jmonsoon\j\b\i.
#
\Hdry point\h
a print made from a copper plate, engraved directly by a needle, without using acid. Compare \Jetch\j\b\i.
#
\Hdry rot\h
a decay caused by fungi in dry seasoned timber which has not been kept properly ventilated.
#
\Hdry run\h
also called a \Bdummy run\j\b\i
a try-out or rehearsal. formerly it referred to American army manoeuvres in which blank cartridges were fired
#
\Hdual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p a) having two parts: 'this car has \Idual\j\b\i controls'. b) relating to two. do not confuse with \Bduel\j\b\i.
#
\Hdual carriageway\h
a main road divided into two separate one-way roads, but not qualifying as a freeway.
#
\Hdualism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ia-lizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of having two parts. Also called \Bduality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that there are two opposing, independent basic principles in the world, such as mind and body or good and evil. Compare \Jmonism\j\b\i. \Bdualistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdualist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdub (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdubbed\j\b\i, \Bdubbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike lightly on the head or shoulder when conferring a knighthood.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dress the surface of wood or leather. \Bdubbing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdub (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdubbed\j\b\i, \Bdubbing\j\b\i)
to change or add to the soundtrack of a film, or any other sound recording, e.g. by replacing the original dialogue with one in a different language. \Bdubbing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdubious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ibi-us \Padjective\p doubtful or uncertain.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the motives for his generosity are rather \Idubious\j\b\i' (= open to question or suspicion). \Bdubiousness\j\b\i, \Bdubiety\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1by\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bdubiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hducal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ik'l \Padjective\p of or relating to a duke.
#
\Hducat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dukk\j\b\i't \Pnoun\p an obsolete European gold coin.
#
\Hduchess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dutch\j\b\i-ess \Pnoun\p See \Jduke\j\b\i.
#
\Hduchy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dutch\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p the land ruled by a duke or duchess.
#
\Hduck (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various wild or domesticated waterbirds with a broad, flat bill, short legs and webbed feet.
#
\Hduck (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stoop or move aside quickly: 'he \Iducked\j\b\i his head as the ball hurtled past'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to avoid: 'she tries to \Iduck\j\b\i responsibility'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to plunge or be plunged quickly under water. \Bduck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hduck (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy, plain fabric used for tents, bags, etc.
#
\Hduck (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \ICricket:\j\b\i a batsman's score of zero.
#
\Hduck-billed platypus\h
See \Jplatypus\j\b\i.
#
\Hduckling\h
\Pnoun\p a young duck.
#
\Hducky\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) dear or darling; b) irritating or being a nuisance.
#
\HDuco\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p a paint used on motor vehicles. a trademark
#
\Hduct\h
\Pnoun\p any tube through which gases or liquids are conveyed, such as the tubes through which the secretions of certain glands flow in the bodies of animals. \Bducting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hductile\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be drawn out into thin wires. Compare \Jmalleable\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be shaped or moulded.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was easy to persuade such a \Iductile\j\b\i audience' (= easily influenced). \Bductility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i duk-\CX1till\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hdud\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that is a failure, such as a bomb which fails to explode.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is fake or useless, such as a counterfeit coin.
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\Hdude\h
\Isay\j\b\i dewd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a) a city-dweller. b) a fop.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person.
a \Bdude ranch\j\b\i is a farm operated as a holiday resort for tourists.
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\Hdudgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dud\j\b\ijen \Pnoun\p a feeling of anger or hurt pride.
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\Hduds\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) clothes or belongings: 'I'll just pack my \Iduds\j\b\i'.
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\Hdue\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i owing or expected: 'the rent is \Idue\j\b\i next Wednesday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i proper or adequate: 'you must take \Idue\j\b\i care when driving on wet roads'.
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is owed or deserved: 'success is her \Idue\j\b\i for so much hard work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a membership fee or payment.
\Bdue\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(of direction) directly or exactly: 'we sailed \Idue\j\b\i east towards the islands'. \Bduly\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-lee), \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) at the appropriate time, b) in the appropriate manner.
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\Hduel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\iel \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a prearranged combat between two people, fought under fixed conditions with deadly weapons, to avenge an insult, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any contest between two people, groups, etc. \Bduel\j\b\i (\Bduelled\j\b\i, \Bduelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bdueller\j\b\i, \Bduellist\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bdual\j\b\i.
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\Hduenna\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1enn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a woman acting as an escort or chaperone to a young woman, especially in Spain and Portugal.
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\Hduet\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a piece of music to be sung or played by two people.
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\Hduffel\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bduffle\j\b\i
a coarse, woollen fabric with a thick nap on both sides.
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\Hduffel bag\h
a cylindrical canvas bag for carrying light, personal articles.
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\Hduffel coat\h
a heavy woollen coat with a hood, usually knee-length and fastened with toggles.
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\Hduffer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is slow to learn.
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\Hdug (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdig\j\b\i.
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\Hdug (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the udder or nipple of a female animal.
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\Hdugong\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1doo\j\b\igong \Pnoun\p also called a \Bsea-cow\j\b\i
a large, herbivorous, aquatic mammal which lives in tropical waters and has a whale-like body, flipper-like limbs and a flat, rounded tail.
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\Hdugout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a canoe made by hollowing out a log.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shelter dug in the ground for protection.
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\Hduke\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ruling prince of a small state.
\CX12.\j\b\i a nobleman of the highest rank after a prince. \Bdukedom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a duchy, b) the rank or office of a duke; \Bduchess\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dutch\j\b\i-ess) \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of duke, b) the wife of a duke. Latin \Idux\j\b\i leader
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\Hdulcet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1duls\j\b\i't \Padjective\p (of sounds) pleasing or soothing.
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\Hdulcimer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dul\j\b\isima \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i an old instrument, still used in traditional music, in which strings stretched over a sounding-board are struck with hammers.
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\Hdull\h
\Padjective\p not bright, sharp or clear: 'the \Idull\j\b\i light made it difficult to read'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was a \Idull\j\b\i student and could not understand maths' (= unintelligent, slow).
b) 'she put aside the \Idull\j\b\i book and went to play outside' (= uninteresting). \Bdull\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become dull; \Bdully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdullness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdullard\h
\Pnoun\p a dull or stupid person.
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\Hduly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-lee \Padverb\p See \Jdue\j\b\i.
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\Hdumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i dum \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to speak.
\Pnoun\p an apparatus similar to a barbell, but smaller and used in one hand.
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\Hdumbfound\h
\Pverb\p to amaze or surprise greatly.
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\Hdumb waiter\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a small box-like lift used to carry food or other goods between the floors of a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stand, often on wheels, with shelves for serving food at table.
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\Hdumdum\h
\Pnoun\p a hollow-nosed bullet which flattens out on impact, inflicting a severe wound. after \IDum Dum\j\b\i, India, a former military and ammunitions centre
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\Hdummy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a model or imitation of something used for display, etc., such as a sample of a book to be printed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rubber teat given to a baby to suck.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
\Bdummy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
imitation or substitute.
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\Hdummying\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian and New Zealand history:\j\b\i the 19th-century practice of a relative or friend of a squatter selecting land on the squatter's behalf.
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\Hdummy run\h
See \Jdry run\j\b\i.
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\Hdump (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw down or unload heavily.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the campers \Idumped\j\b\i their rubbish at the tip' (= left, disposed of).
b) 'the bankrupt man was \Idumped\j\b\i by his former friends' (= rejected).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to sell some commodity in large quantities at a low price, often in a foreign country.
\Bdump\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any place where things are dumped or discarded: 'a rubbish \Idump\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pile of discarded or dumped things.
\CX13.\j\b\i a storage place or depot, especially for military supplies.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a printed copy of the data stored in a computer.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any place which is unattractive or uncared for.
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\Hdump (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bin the dumps\j\b\i, 'he's been \Iin the dumps\j\b\i all day for no apparent reason' (= depressed, gloomy).
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\Hdumpling\h
\Pnoun\p a small ball of savoury or sweet dough, cooked in soups, stews, etc.
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\Hdumpy\h
\Padjective\p short and plump.
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\Hdun (1)\h
\Pverb\p to make constant or repeated demands, especially for the payment of debts, etc. \Bdun\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who duns, b) a demand for payment.
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\Hdun (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a muddy, greyish-brown colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse of this colour. In America called a \Bbuckskin\j\b\i.
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\Hdunce\h
\Pnoun\p an unintelligent person.
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\Hdune\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bsand-dune\j\b\i
a mound or ridge of sand built up by the wind.
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\Hdung\h
\Pnoun\p any animal manure.
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\Hdungaree\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) trousers or overalls made from a coarse cotton fabric. Hindi
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\Hdungeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dun\j\b\ijen \Pnoun\p a dark cell or room, especially one which is underground.
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\Hdunk\h
\Pverb\p to dip something briefly into a liquid, e.g. biscuits into tea.
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\Hdunny\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a toilet.
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\Hduo\h
\Pnoun\p any group of two people or things. Latin
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\Hduo-\h
a prefix meaning two, as in \Iduologue\j\b\i.
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\Hduodenum\h
\Isay\j\b\i dewo-\CX1dee\j\b\in'm \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the C-shaped first part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum, receiving bile from the gall bladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. \Bduodenal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iduodecim\j\b\i twelve, because it was considered to be twelve finger breadths long
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\Hduologue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\io-log \Pnoun\p a conversation between two people. Greek \Iduo\j\b\i two + \Ilogos\j\b\i word
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\Hdupe\h
\Pverb\p to deceive or trick. \Bdupe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has been deceived or tricked.
\CX12.\j\b\i having two identical parts which are used together: 'a \Iduplex\j\b\i chain'.
\Bduplex\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a semidetached house.
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\Hduplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ipli-k't \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being exactly like or copied from another thing: 'carbon paper is used to produce \Iduplicate\j\b\i copies'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having two identical parts.
\Bduplicate\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which is identical to something else, especially an exact copy or imitation. \Bduplicate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ipli-kate), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bduplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hduplicator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ipli-kayta \Pnoun\p a machine which makes copies of printed matter, e.g. from a stencil.
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\Hduplicity\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1pliss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a deceitfulness or hypocrisy.
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\Hdurable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ira-b'l \Padjective\p not easily worn out. \Bdurability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdurably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Idurus\j\b\i hard
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\Hdura mater\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\ira \CX1may\j\b\ita \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the fibrous outer covering of the brain and spinal cord.
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\Hduration\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the length of time for which something exists or continues.
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\Hduress\h
\Isay\j\b\i dew-\CX1ress\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the use of force to achieve something, especially illegally: 'the witness claimed his evidence was given under \Iduress\j\b\i'.
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\Hduring\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-ring preposition within the time of: 'he was very unhappy \Iduring\j\b\i his childhood'.
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\Hdurst\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning dared.
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\Hdusk\h
\Pnoun\p the period of half-light in the early part of the evening.
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\Hdusky\h
\Padjective\p dark, especially in a shadowy or dim way. \Bduskiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bduskily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hdust\h
\Pnoun\p a fine powder, such as of earth.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbite the dust\j\b\i, to be killed or wounded.
\Bthrow dust in one's eyes\j\b\i, to mislead.
\Bdust\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove dust from something.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sprinkle with a powdered substance. \Bdusty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hdustbin\h
\Pnoun\p a rubbish tin or small garbage bin.
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\Hdust bowl\h
a desert created by overcropping, causing impoverished topsoil to be to be blown away in dust storms after drought.
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\Hdustcoat\h
\Pnoun\p a light, loose-fitting coat worn over clothes for protection, e.g. in a laboratory.
#
\Hduster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cloth or soft brush for removing dust.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a dustcoat.
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\Hdust jacket\h
a printed paper cover or wrapper put around a hardback book.
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\Hdustman\h
\Pnoun\p a garbage collector.
#
\Hdust-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fight or commotion.
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\HDutch\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the Netherlands, its people or language.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdouble Dutch\j\b\i, any meaningless talk.
\BDutch courage\j\b\i, a courage gained by drinking alcohol.
\Bgo Dutch\j\b\i, (of each person in a group) to pay for oneself.
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\Hduty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i what a person is obliged, or feels obliged, to do: 'what are my \Iduties\j\b\i as host of the party?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you have a \Iduty\j\b\i to look after your parents' (= moral obligation).
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various government taxes: 'a customs \Iduty\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Boff duty\j\b\i, not at work.
\Bon duty\j\b\i, at work. \Bdutiful\j\b\i, \Bduteous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dew\j\b\i-tee-us), \Iadjectives\j\b\i, performing the necessary duties; \Bdutifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdutiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, subject to a tax or duty.
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\Hduty-free\h
\Padjective\p free of customs duty.
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\Hduvet\h
\Isay\j\b\i doo-\CX1vay\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a fabric bag, usually filled with feathers, which is used as a bed covering.
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\Hdux\h
\Pnoun\p the most academically successful student in a school or a division of the school.
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\Hdwarf\h
\Isay\j\b\i dwawf \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i a very small human-like being often having magical powers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person, animal or plant which is much smaller or shorter than the average of the species.
\Bdwarf\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause to appear very small: 'the factory was \Idwarfed\j\b\i by the multistorey buildings on either side of it'. \Bdwarfish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very small like a dwarf.
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\Hdwell\h
\Pverb\p (\Bdwelt\j\b\i or \Bdwelled\j\b\i, \Bdwelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to live as a resident.
\CX12.\j\b\i to continue or remain: 'let's not \Idwell\j\b\i on such an unpleasant topic'.
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\Hdwelling\h
\Pnoun\p a house or home.
#
\Hdwindle\h
\Pverb\p to make or become smaller and smaller.
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\Hdyad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-ad \Pnoun\p a pair or group of two.
#
\Hdye\h
\Pnoun\p any substance used to colour material.
\Bdyed-in-the-wool\j\b\i, complete, through and through. \Bdye\j\b\i (\Bdyed\j\b\i, \Bdyeing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to colour with or as if with a dye; \Bdyer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bdyestuff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any substance producing, or used as, a dye.
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\Hdying\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Bdie (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hdyke\h
\Isay\j\b\i dike \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bdike\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a ridge or wall built along a river or the sea to stop the water rising on to the land. Compare \Jdam (1)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the solidified rock found in vertical cracks between other rocks.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a lesbian.
\CX14.\j\b\i a toilet. \Bdyke\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose or protect with a dyke.
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\Hdynamic\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1namm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p relating to motion, force or energy.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she succeeds because of her \Idynamic\j\b\i personality' (= forceful, vigorous).
\Bdynamics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the motion of bodies or particles. Compare \Jstatics\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Idynamics\j\b\i of mental illness' (= forces at work in). \Bdynamically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bdynamism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-na-mizm), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hdynamite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-na-mite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a high explosive made by absorbing nitroglycerine in some suitable substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing seen as dangerous or troublesome. \Bdynamite\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to charge or destroy with dynamite.
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\Hdynamo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1die\j\b\i-na-mo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a generator used to produce direct current. Compare \Jalternator\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very energetic person.
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\Hdynamometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i die-na-\CX1momm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a device which measures power, especially of an engine.
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\Hdynasty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dinn\j\b\ia-stee \Pnoun\p a series of monarchs belonging to the same family: 'the Habsburg \Idynasty\j\b\i in Austria ruled from the 13th to the early 20th century'. \Bdynastic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i die-\CX1nas\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bdynast\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a ruler, especially a hereditary one.
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\Hdysentery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1diss\j\b\i'n-tree \Pnoun\p an infection of the bowel causing fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea, usually spread by contaminated food and water. Greek \Bdys-\j\b\i bad + \Ientera\j\b\i bowels
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\Hdysfunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1funk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the poor functioning of an organ.
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\Hdyslexia\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1leks\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p an extreme difficulty in learning to read. \Bdyslexic\j\b\i, \Bdyslectic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Bdys-\j\b\i bad + \Ilexis\j\b\i speech
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\Hdysmenorrhea\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-men-a-\CX1ree\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a condition in which menstruation is painful.
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\Hdyspepsia\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1pep\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p indigestion. \Bdyspeptic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) suffering from indigestion, b) gloomy or pessimistic. Greek \Bdys-\j\b\i bad + \Ipeptikos\j\b\i able to digest
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\Hdysprosium\h
\Isay\j\b\i dis-\CX1pro\j\b\i-zee-um \Pnoun\p element number 66, a very rare metal forming magnetic compounds. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i. Greek \Idysprositos\j\b\i hard to get at
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\Hdystrophy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1dis\j\b\itra-fee \Pnoun\p the improper development, or degeneration, of the body.
#
\Heach\h
\Padjective\p, \Ppronoun\p, \Padverb\p every one taken individually:
(as an \Padjective\p) '\Ieach\j\b\i story had an interesting plot'.
(as a \Ppronoun\p) '\Ieach\j\b\i went her own way'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'apples cost 50 cents \Ieach\j\b\i'.
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\Heach way\h
(of a bet) paying whether the racehorse or greyhound finishes first, second or third.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's an \Ieach way\j\b\i chance that it will rain' (= good, likely).
#
\Heager\h
\Padjective\p keen or showing desire: 'he is \Ieager\j\b\i to win the race'.
\Beager beaver\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a very zealous person. \Beagerly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beagerness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Heagle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, strong bird of prey with a huge hooked beak.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i a score of two strokes less than par for a hole. Compare \Jbirdie\j\b\i. \Beaglet\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a young eagle.
#
\Heaglehawk\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large eagles, such as the Australian wedge-tailed eagle.
#
\Hear (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the external organ of hearing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a perception of the difference between sounds: 'an \Iear\j\b\i for music'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe all ears\j\b\i, to listen eagerly.
\Bhave\j\b\i, \Bkeep an ear to the ground\j\b\i, to be well-informed.
\Bup to one's ears\j\b\i, being deeply involved or very busy.
\Bwet behind the ears\j\b\i, immature or naive.
#
\Hear (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a cereal plant containing the seeds or flowers.
#
\Hearbash\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk loudly and continuously, usually in a tedious way.
#
\Heardrum\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a taut membrane in the ear which vibrates as soundwaves strike it, passing these vibrations to the inner ear.
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\Hearl\h
\Isay\j\b\i erl \Pnoun\p a nobleman ranking between a marquis and a viscount. \Bearldom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the rank or title of an earl.
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\Hearly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\i-lee \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i in the first part of some division of time: '\Iearly\j\b\i in the morning'.
\CX12.\j\b\i prior to the usual or arranged time: 'an \Iearly\j\b\i lunch'.
\CX13.\j\b\i far back in time: '\Iearly\j\b\i New Zealand history'.
\CX14.\j\b\i in the near future: 'at your \Iearliest\j\b\i convenience'.
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\Hearmark\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to set aside for a special purpose: 'we \Iearmarked\j\b\i the money for our holiday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark the ear of an animal for identification. \Bearmark\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hearn\h
\Isay\j\b\i ern \Pverb\p to gain as a result of one's labour, etc.: a) 'he \Iearns\j\b\i $550 a week'; b) 'she \Iearned\j\b\i a reputation as a good doctor'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\i-nest \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i serious or zealous: 'an \Iearnest\j\b\i student'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sincere: 'he made an \Iearnest\j\b\i plea for mercy'.
\Bearnest\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
seriousness.
\Bin earnest\j\b\i, 'I think he is \Iin earnest\j\b\i' (= serious about what he says). \Bearnestness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bearnestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hearnest (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\i-nest \Pnoun\p a part of something, such as money, given in advance as a pledge of full, later payment.
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\Hearning\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\ining \Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) any money earned.
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\Hearphones\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jheadphones\j\b\i.
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\Hearring\h
\Pnoun\p any ring or ornament for the ear.
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\Hearshot\h
\Pnoun\p the reach or range of hearing: 'the man across the road was within \Iearshot\j\b\i of our screams'.
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\Hearth\h
\Isay\j\b\i erth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the planet in the solar system on which we live.
\CX12.\j\b\i the dry land, especially the soil.
\CX13.\j\b\i the hole or shelter of a burrowing animal.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe down to earth\j\b\i, to be practical.
\Bcome down to earth\j\b\i, to return to reality.
\Brun to earth\j\b\i, to track down.
\Bearth\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
also called to \Bground\j\b\i
\IElectricity:\j\b\i to connect electric devices to the ground.
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\Hearthen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\ien \Padjective\p made of earth or baked clay.
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\Hearthenware\h
\Pnoun\p any glazed or unglazed low-fired (under 1100░C) pottery with a porous body. Compare \Jstoneware\j\b\i and \Bporcelain\j\b\i.
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\Hearthly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1erth\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p of or inhabiting the earth.
\Bno earthly\j\b\i, 'this machine is of \Ino earthly\j\b\i use' (= no possible).
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\Hearthquake\h
\Pnoun\p a movement in the earth's crust or mantle, caused by a build-up of pressure which sends out a series of shockwaves.
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\Hearthworm\h
\Pnoun\p any of various kinds of annelid worms whose activity helps to fertilise and drain the soil.
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\Hearthy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1erth\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the earth.
\CX12.\j\b\i hearty, coarse or lacking refinement.
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\Hearwig\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of insects having pincers on the end of the abdomen and forewings modified as small scales which cover the folded hind legs.
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\Hease\h
\Isay\j\b\i eez \Pnoun\p a freedom from pain, worry, constraint or difficulty: a) 'she accomplished her goal with \Iease\j\b\i'; b) 'his wealth allowed him to live a life of \Iease\j\b\i'.
\Bease\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to free from pain, worry, constraint or difficulty.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move slowly and carefully: 'the robber \Ieased\j\b\i himself over the balcony'.
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\Heasel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eez\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any of various upright, frame-like structures or supports used to hold a painter's canvas, a blackboard, etc.
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\Heasement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eez\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of easing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a right held over another person's property, such as a right of way.
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\Heasily\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i with ease: 'this can be done \Ieasily\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i without question: 'this is \Ieasily\j\b\i the best method'. \Beasiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heast\h
\Pnoun\p a) the direction of the sun at sunrise. b) the cardinal point of the compass at 90░ to the right of north and opposite west.
\Bthe East\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the countries of Asia.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the countries which previously had Communist governments, such as Russia, and China. Compare \Jwest\j\b\i. \Beast\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HEaster\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a festival to commemorate the resurrection of Christ.
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\Heasterly\h
\Padjective\p (of a direction, course, etc.) being from or towards the east: 'we set off on an \Ieasterly\j\b\i course'.
\Beasterly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a wind coming from the east. \Beasterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Heastern\h
\Padjective\p (of a place) being situated in the east: 'the \Ieastern\j\b\i states of America'.
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\Heastward\h
\Padjective\p being towards the east. \Beastwards\j\b\i, \Beastward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Heasy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not difficult: 'an \Ieasy\j\b\i exam'.
\CX12.\j\b\i free from pain, worry, constraint or difficulty: 'she had her first \Ieasy\j\b\i sleep after many nights of disturbing dreams'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has an \Ieasy\j\b\i manner' (= relaxed).
b) 'you are too \Ieasy\j\b\i with those naughty children' (= lenient).
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\Heasy chair\h
a comfortable chair, usually an armchair.
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\Heasygoing\h
\Padjective\p relaxed or unconcerned.
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\Heasy street\h
\Bliving on easy street\j\b\i, having everything one's own way.
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i different, peculiar or irregular: 'an \Ieccentric\j\b\i person who collects old shoes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) not having the same centre. b) being off-centre.
\CX13.\j\b\i deviating from a circular form, such as a planet's orbit, etc. \Beccentrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beccentricity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eksen-\CX1triss\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beccentric\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is different or peculiar. Greek \Iek\j\b\i out + \Ikentron\j\b\i centre
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\Hecclesiastic\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-kleezi-\CX1as\j\b\itik \Pnoun\p a member of the clergy.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esh\j\b\ia-lon \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an arrowhead formation of infantry, aircraft or warships to give maximum fire-power in all directions.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular group or grade of persons: 'the higher \Iechelons\j\b\i of industry'. French \IΘchelon\j\b\i rung of a ladder
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\Hechidna\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kid\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p also called a \Bspiny anteater\j\b\i
either of two species of spiny, egg-laying, Australian mammals with a slender, tube-like snout and strong claws. See \Jmonotreme\j\b\i.
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\Hechinoderm\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kinn\j\b\ia-derm \Pnoun\p any of a group of marine animals, such as the starfish, with radially symmetrical bodies and some calcareous skeletal plates in the skin. Greek \Iekhinos\j\b\i a sea-urchin + \Iderma\j\b\i skin
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\Hecho\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekko \Pnoun\p plural is \Bechoes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a repetition of sound produced by soundwaves reflecting off a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i any repetition or imitation. \Becho\j\b\i (\Bechoed\j\b\i, \Bechoing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hecho sounder\h
an instrument using soundwaves to measure the depth of water or the depth of an object below the surface.
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\Heclair\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-klair \Pnoun\p Θclair a light, finger-shaped cake with a cream or custard filling and coated with icing. French \IΘclair\j\b\i lightning, because it is eaten in a flash
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\Heclat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-klah \Pnoun\p Θclat \CX11.\j\b\i a brilliant success, effect, distinction, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any acclaim or applause.
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\Heclectic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1klek\j\b\itik \Padjective\p using or derived from many different sources. \Beclectic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beclectically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beclecticism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heclipse\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1klips\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the passing of one planet or satellite, especially the sun, moon or earth, in front of another.
\CX12.\j\b\i any overshadowing or loss of brilliance.
\Beclipse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cause an eclipse.
\CX12.\j\b\i to surpass or overshadow. Greek \Iekleipsis\j\b\i a failing to appear
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\Hecliptic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1klip\j\b\itik \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the apparent yearly path of the sun among the stars.
\Becliptic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to an eclipse.
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\Heclogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\ilog \Pnoun\p a short poem in dialogue form, especially one dealing with rural life.
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\Heco-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Bee\j\b\iko \Ior\j\b\i \Bek\j\b\iko a prefix meaning of or relating to ecology, as in \Iecosystem\j\b\i.
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\Hecology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Ior\j\b\i ek\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the interactions of animals and plants with each other and their environment, a branch of biology. \Becologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Becological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eeka-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Becologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Heconomic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eeka-\CX1nomm\j\b\iik \Ior\j\b\i ekka-\CX1nomm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the economy or economics.
\CX12.\j\b\i economical. \Beconomic, economical\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IEconomic\j\b\i is the \Padjective\p form of 'economics', the study of financial systems and institutions: 'many countries face \Ieconomic\j\b\i problems from time to time', 'the Minister's \Ieconomic\j\b\i policy was severely criticised'. \IEconomical\j\b\i is an \Padjective\p meaning thrifty: 'by being \Ieconomical\j\b\i on a day-to-day basis, you can afford the occasional luxury'.
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\Heconomical\h
\Isay\j\b\i eeka-\CX1nomm\j\b\ii-k'l \Ior\j\b\i ekka-\CX1nomm\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p thrifty and avoiding unnecessary expense or waste. \Beconomically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jeconomic\j\b\i.
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\Heconomics\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ika-nommiks \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ekk\j\b\ia-nommiks plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the production and distribution of goods, services and wealth.
\CX12.\j\b\i the financial aspects: 'the \Ieconomics\j\b\i of this project are not sound'. \Beconomist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1konn\j\b\ia-mist \Ior\j\b\i ek\CX1konn\j\b\ia-mist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ioikonomia\j\b\i household management
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\Heconomise\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1konn\j\b\ia-mize \Ior\j\b\i ek-\CX1onn\j\b\ia-mize \CX1economize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to practise economical management of one's resources.
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\Heconomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1konn\j\b\ia-mee \Ior\j\b\i ek-\CX1onn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any efficient or economical use of resources.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the management of the money, property and goods of a country, community or household. b) a system for such management.
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\Hecosystem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\iko-sist'm \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ekk\j\b\io-sist'm \Pnoun\p a system of ecological relationships. In a stable ecosystem the relationship between the different organisms is such that each member mutually supports the continued existence of the other members and of the system itself.
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\Heco-tourism\h
\Pnoun\p the concept of travelling through regions in order to contribute to the maintenance or, where required, restoration of their ecosystems.
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\Hecstasy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\ista-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extreme state of emotion, especially delight.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mystical, spiritual trance or frenzy. \Becstatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1statt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Becstatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iekstasis\j\b\i standing aside, a trance
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\Hecto-\h
a prefix meaning outside or external, as in \Iectothermic\j\b\i.
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\Hectothermic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\ito-thermik \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i having a body temperature which is similar to the temperature of the surrounding environment.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a) of or relating to the whole Church. b) of the movement to reunite all Christian Churches.
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\Heczema\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the skin causing an itchy, flaky or ulcerated surface.
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\Heddy\h
\Pnoun\p a circular or whirling current, e.g. of liquid, smoke or air. \Beddy\j\b\i (\Beddied\j\b\i, \Beddying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hedelweiss\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1aid\j\b\iel-vice \Pnoun\p a European alpine plant with white, woolly, star-shaped flowers. German \Iedel\j\b\i noble + \Iweiss\j\b\i white
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\Hedema\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1dee\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p See \Joedema\j\b\i.
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\HEden\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiblical:\j\b\i the garden which was the first home of Adam and Eve.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any delightful place. b) a state of innocence and purity. Hebrew \Ieden\j\b\i delight
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\Hedge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a border or line where one thing ends or meets another: a) 'the \Iedge\j\b\i of a cliff'; b) 'the \Iedge\j\b\i of a box'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the thin, sharp side of a blade, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'because of his experience he has an \Iedge\j\b\i over the other applicants' (= advantage).
b) 'that snack took the \Iedge\j\b\i off my appetite' (= keenness, sharpness).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo over the edge\j\b\i, a) to go beyond accepted limits or practice; b) to go mad.
\Bon edge\j\b\i, 'she felt \Ion edge\j\b\i because the aeroplane was late' (= nervous, uncomfortable).
\Bset one's teeth on edge\j\b\i, 'his continual chatter \Iset her teeth on edge\j\b\i' (= annoyed, irritated her).
\Bedge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with an edge.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move gradually or cautiously: 'she \Iedged\j\b\i her way up the face of the cliff'.
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\Hedgeways\h
\Padverb\p edgewise with an edge forwards.
\Bnot get a word in edgeways\j\b\i, to be unable to break into a long or animated conversation.
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\Hedgy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ej\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p irritable or nervous.
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\Hedible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1edd\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p fit to be eaten.
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\Hedict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\idikt \Pnoun\p an official command.
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\Hedifice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1edd\j\b\ii-fiss \Pnoun\p a large or imposing building Latin \Iaedis\j\b\i a house + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
to instruct, especially for personal or moral improvement. \Bedification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hedit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1edd\j\b\i-it \Pverb\p a) to collate a book to which other writers have contributed. b) to act as an editor. c) to correct and prepare a manuscript for printing. d) to complete a film or recording by altering, rearranging or selecting from its parts. e) \IComputers:\j\b\i to make changes to a file or document, especially while using a word processing program.
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\Hedition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p any or all of the copies of a given version of a publication.
a \Bsecond edition\j\b\i is a later, completely revised version of a publication.
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\Heditor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who edits books, papers, films, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person responsible for the content of all or a part of a newspaper, magazine, etc.: 'she is the sports \Ieditor\j\b\i of our magazine'.
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\Heditorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i eddi-\CX1taw\j\b\iri-ul \Pnoun\p also called a \Bleader\j\b\i or a \Bleading article\j\b\i
an article in a newspaper, etc., expressing the opinion of the newspaper or its editor on current issues.
\Beditorial\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to editing or an editor.
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\Heducate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ed\j\b\i-yoo-kate \Pverb\p to instruct or develop, especially through formal teaching or training. \Beducated\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having undergone education, b) showing culture and learning; \Beducable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be educated.
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\Heducation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ed-yoo-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act or process of educating: '\Ieducation\j\b\i is free in some countries'. b) the result of educating: 'she has a good \Ieducation\j\b\i in science'. \Beducational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beducationist\j\b\i, \Beducationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an expert in the theory or method of education; \Beducator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a teacher. Latin \Ieducare\j\b\i to train
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\Heduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p to draw out or elicit.
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\Hedutainment\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) usually commercially produced information presented in a manner to both educate and entertain. Compare \Jinfotainment\j\b\i.
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\H-ee\h
a suffix of \Pnoun\ps indicating a person who undergoes or receives something, as in \Iemployee\j\b\i.
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\Heel\h
\Pnoun\p any of a large group of snake-like, edible fish.
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\Heerie\h
\Padjective\p strange or weird.
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\Hefface\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1face\j\b\i \Pverb\p to wipe out or destroy. \Beffacement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heffect\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1fekt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a direct result: 'what is the \Ieffect\j\b\i of sunlight on this fabric?'. b) the power to produce results: 'our arguments were of no \Ieffect\j\b\i as he did not change his mind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'yes, he said something to that \Ieffect\j\b\i' (= meaning, idea).
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being in operation: 'his plan was put into \Ieffect\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a technique or device used to create an impression: 'elaborate stage \Ieffects\j\b\i were needed'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any goods or movable objects: 'he has only a few personal \Ieffects\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor effect\j\b\i, in order to create a particular impression.
\Bin effect\j\b\i, a) in reality; b) in operation.
\Btake effect\j\b\i, to begin to operate.
\Beffect\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to bring about, achieve or cause to happen: 'he \Ieffected\j\b\i his escape by digging a tunnel'. See \Jsymptom\j\b\i.
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\Heffective\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1fek\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i producing the intended effect: 'advertising is an \Ieffective\j\b\i way of increasing sales'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being in effect: 'the pay rise is \Ieffective\j\b\i from last month'. \Beffectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beffectiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Befficient\j\b\i.
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\Heffectual\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1fek\j\b\i-tew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i producing the required effect.
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1femm\j\b\ii-nit \Padjective\p (\Iuse is often sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) (especially of a man) displaying excessively feminine behaviour. \Beffeminacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hefferent\h
\Padjective\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i leading away from a central organ. Compare \Jafferent\j\b\i.
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\Heffervesce\h
\Isay\j\b\i effa-\CX1vess\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give off small bubbles of gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be lively or vivacious. \Beffervescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beffervescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heffete\h
\Isay\j\b\i ef\CX1feet\j\b\i \Padjective\p exhausted, feeble or lacking energy.
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\Hefficacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i effi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p effective, especially as a method or remedy. \Befficacy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ef\j\b\ifika-see), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hefficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i competent or able to obtain the desired results: 'an \Iefficient\j\b\i secretary'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of machinery, etc.) producing the desired result with minimum waste or expenditure of energy. \Befficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Befficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Beffective\j\b\i.
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\Heffigy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eff\j\b\ii-jee \Pnoun\p an image or sculptured likeness of a person.
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\Hefflorescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i eflor-\CX1ess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a flower) blossoming.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of a crystal) losing water to the atmosphere in such quantities that the substance becomes dry and powdery. Compare \Jdeliquescent\j\b\i. \Befflorescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beffloresce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Heffluence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ef\j\b\iloo-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an outward flow.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which flows out. do not confuse with \Baffluence\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any waste liquid flowing out of a sewage farm, chemical works, etc.
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\Heffluvium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ef\CX1loo\j\b\ivium \Pnoun\p plural is \Beffluvia\j\b\i
a noxious or foul-smelling vapour.
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\Heffort\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a use of physical or mental energy. b) the result of this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the team's victory was a terrific \Ieffort\j\b\i' (= achievement).
\CX12.\j\b\i a force acting on something. \Beffortless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, done without, or as if without, effort.
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\Heffrontery\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee\CX1frun\j\b\ita-ree \Pnoun\p a shameless or impudent boldness.
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\Heffusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1few\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an unreserved expression of feelings, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of pouring forth.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the passage of gases through small holes under pressure.
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\Heffusive\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1few\j\b\i-siv \Padjective\p unreserved or freely showing one's feelings: 'an \Ieffusive\j\b\i old man rushed up and hugged the diplomat'. \Beffusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beffusiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beffuse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hegalitarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-galli-\CX1tair\j\b\iian \Padjective\p of or favouring equality for all people. \Begalitarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who favours equality; \Begalitarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \IΘgalitΘ\j\b\i equality
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\Hegg (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the roundish body formed during the development of a bird or reptile and consisting of a shell which contains a yolk surrounded by a clear fluid substance. If fertilised the egg may develop into a new individual.
\CX12.\j\b\i the egg of the domestic hen, eaten raw or cooked.
\CX13.\j\b\i a female reproductive cell. Short form of \Begg cell\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas sure as eggs\j\b\i, safely predictable.
\Bput all one's eggs in one basket\j\b\i, to risk everything in one attempt.
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\Hegg (2)\h
\Pverb\p \Begg on\j\b\i, to urge or encourage.
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\Heggnog\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Begg-flip\j\b\i
a drink made from milk, eggs and spices, usually with wine or spirits.
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\Heggplant\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Baubergine\j\b\i
a pear-shaped fruit with a dark purple skin and pale firm flesh, used as a vegetable.
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\Heggshell china\h
See \Jchina\j\b\i.
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\Heggwhite\h
also called the \Balbumen\j\b\i
the clear, outer fluid substance in an egg, which becomes firm and white when cooked.
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\Hego\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\igo \Ior\j\b\i \CX1egg\j\b\io \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a person which is able to think, feel, act and distinguish itself from all other people or objects.
\CX12.\j\b\i self-esteem: 'their criticisms bruised her \Iego\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i the conscious part of the personality which is in touch with the outside world. Compare \Jid\j\b\i. Latin, I
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\Hegocentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\igo-sentrik \Ior\j\b\i \CX1egg\j\b\io-sentrik \Padjective\p being most concerned with one's own interests and considering everything in relation to oneself. \Begocentricity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hegoist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\igo-ist \Ior\j\b\i \CX1egg\j\b\io-ist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a self-interested or conceited person.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i a person believing in or practising solipsism. \Begoistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Begoism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Begoist, egotist\j\b\i have different but related meanings. Both words relate to self-centredness. However, while an \Iegoist\j\b\i is a selfish, and self-centred person, an \Iegotist\j\b\i is also given to boasting loudly and acting offensively.
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\Hegotist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\iga-tist \Ior\j\b\i \CX1egg\j\b\ia-tist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an egoist; an offensively selfish person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person unduly given to talking about himself or herself. \Begotistic\j\b\i, \Begotistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Begotism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jegoist\j\b\i.
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\Hegregious\h
\Isay\j\b\i egg-\CX1ree\j\b\ij's \Padjective\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) outstanding or notorious: 'what an \Iegregious\j\b\i liar!'.
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\Hegress\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\igres \Pnoun\p a) the act of going out. b) an exit. Latin \Iegressus\j\b\i come out
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\Hegret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\igret \Pnoun\p a type of small heron noted for its long, fine feathers.
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\Heiderdown\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-der-down \Pnoun\p a quilt or bedspread. from \Ieider\j\b\i, a species of duck, the soft breast feathers of which were originally used to fill bedspreads
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\Height\h
\Isay\j\b\i ate \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 8 in Arabic numerals, VIII in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i the crew of a light, narrow racing boat, consisting of a cox and eight rowers. \Beight\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beighth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Height ball\h
a black ball used in the game of pool having the number eight which sometimes produces a penalty if it is hit.
\Bbehind the eight ball\j\b\i, in an unfavourable or baffling position.
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\Heighteen\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 18 in Arabic numerals, XVIII in Roman numerals. \Beighteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beighteenth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heighth note\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jquaver\j\b\i.
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\Heighty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ay\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 80 in Arabic numerals, LXXX in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 80-89 in a series, such as the years in a century. \Beighty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beightieth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heinsteinium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ine-\CX1sty\j\b\inium \Pnoun\p element number 99, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i. after \IAlbert Einstein\j\b\i, 1879-1955, a German physicist
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\Heisteddfod\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1sted\j\b\i-f'd \Pnoun\p plural is \Beisteddfods\j\b\i or \Beisteddfodau\j\b\i
a festival for musical competitions. Welsh, session
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\Heither\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-tha \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-tha \Padjective\p, \Ppronoun\p, conjunction, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i one or the other of two things:
(as an \Padjective\p) 'I do not like \Ieither\j\b\i colour very much'.
(as a \Ppronoun\p) 'I have two pens, so take \Ieither\j\b\i'.
(as a conjunction) '\Ieither\j\b\i ring me up or write a letter'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'he must be \Ieither\j\b\i blind or stupid'.
\CX12.\j\b\i both one and the other: 'there were guards on \Ieither\j\b\i side of the President'. \Beither, or\j\b\i. \IEither\j\b\i can be used with \Ior\j\b\i as a correlating conjunction: 'I will go to the gallery with \Ieither\j\b\i Henry \Ior\j\b\i Alex', '\Ieither\j\b\i the fish \Ior\j\b\i the chicken will be fine for dinner'.
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\Hejaculation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-jak-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden exclamation.
\CX12.\j\b\i the discharge of seminal fluid from the penis. \Bejaculate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bejaculatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heject\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1jekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to force out or cause to be removed: 'police were called to \Ieject\j\b\i the demonstrators from the building'. \Bejection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bejector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or device that ejects, such as the mechanism in a gun which throws away the empty shell.
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\Heke (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Beked\j\b\i, \Beking\j\b\i)
\Beke out\j\b\i, a) 'we must \Ieke out\j\b\i a living somehow' (= try to make); b) 'can we \Ieke out\j\b\i our supplies till winter?' (= stretch).
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\Heke (2)\h
\Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iconjunction\j\b\i an old word meaning also.
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\Helaborate\h
\Isay\j\b\i e\CX1lab\j\b\iba-rit \Padjective\p carefully detailed and exact: 'the architect presented an \Ielaborate\j\b\i design for the house'.
to work out or describe in detail: 'please \Ielaborate\j\b\i your plans for the job'. \Belaborately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Belaborateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being elaborate; \Belaboration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helan\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lan\j\b\i \Pnoun\p Θlan an enthusiasm or liveliness: 'she approaches life with great \Ielan\j\b\i'. French \IΘlancer\j\b\i to hurl or rush forward
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\Heland\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\iland \Pnoun\p an ox-like African antelope with short twisted horns.
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\Helapse\h
\Pverb\p (of time) to pass. \Belapse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helastic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lass\j\b\i-tik \Padjective\p able to recover its shape after being pulled, pressed, etc.: 'an \Ielastic\j\b\i band'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our schedule for the trip is quite \Ielastic\j\b\i' (= flexible, able to be adapted).
b) 'his \Ielastic\j\b\i step expressed his happiness' (= springy).
\Belastic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any material which is made elastic by inserting rubber. \Belasticise\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lass\j\b\ita-size), \Belasticize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make elastic: \Belasticity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helated\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lay\j\b\it'd \Padjective\p in high spirits: 'the sculptor was \Ielated\j\b\i by the success of her exhibition'.
\Belation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a state of high spirits and great pleasure. \Belate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Belatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Belatedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helbow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the joint in the middle of the arm.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is bent or shaped like an elbow, such as a joint in a pipe.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat one's elbow\j\b\i, 'he's always \Iat my elbow\j\b\i with some silly question' (= nearby).
\Bup to the elbows\j\b\i, extremely busy.
\Belbow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to push or nudge with the elbow: 'we \Ielbowed\j\b\i our way through the crowd'.
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\Helbow grease\h
any hard work or effort.
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\Helbow-room\h
\Pnoun\p enough room to move freely.
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\Helder (1)\h
\Padjective\p (of a relation) older: 'his \Ielder\j\b\i brother is 19 now'.
\Belder\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person with influence or authority in a group: 'the tribal \Ielders\j\b\i held a council'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is older: 'she is my \Ielder\j\b\i by four years'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a member of the early Church with spiritual authority. b) a lay official in some Protestant sects.
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\Helder (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of deciduous shrubs and trees with white scented flowers and black or red berries.
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\Helderly\h
\Padjective\p being rather old.
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\Heldest\h
\Padjective\p (of a relation) oldest: 'my \Ieldest\j\b\i sister is overseas'. \Beldest\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heldorado\h
\Isay\j\b\i elda-\CX1rah\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p any place where fortunes can be made quickly. Spanish \IEl Dorado\j\b\i the Gilded One, the name given by the Conquistadores to the ruler of the legendary golden city they hoped to find north of the Amazon
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\Helect\h
\Pverb\p to choose, especially by voting.
\Belect\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i chosen or selected: 'an \Ielect\j\b\i group of writers attended the conference'.
\CX12.\j\b\i chosen for an office or position but not yet installed: 'she is the \Iambassador-elect\j\b\i'.
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\Helection\h
\Pnoun\p the selection by voting of a person for a position or office.
a \Bby-election\j\b\i is a political election held in one electorate to replace a representative in parliament at a time other than a general election.
a \Bgeneral election\j\b\i is the election of the whole legislature of a state or country. \Belectoral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to electors or political elections.
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\Helectioneer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-leksh'n-\CX1eer\j\b\i \Pverb\p to promote or work for the election of a particular candidate or party.
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\Helective\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to election or an election.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) appointed by election. b) having the power to elect or appoint.
\CX13.\j\b\i open to choice or election. \Belective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an optional subject at a university or college.
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\Helector\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who may vote.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a member of the electoral college.
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\Helectoral college\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a group of representatives who vote to elect the President and Vice-President.
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\Helectorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lek\j\b\ita-rit \Pnoun\p a) an area with a representative in a council or parliament. b) the people living in an electorate who are qualified to vote. \Belectoral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HElectra complex\h
\IPsychology:\j\b\i the complex of emotions which may motivate a daughter who loves her father and is jealous of her mother. Compare \Joedipus complex\j\b\i. in Greek legend, \IElectra\j\b\i conspired with her brother to kill her mother
\CX12.\j\b\i thrilling or exciting: 'there was an \Ielectric\j\b\i atmosphere during the competition'.
\Belectrical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i involving or producing electricity.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the practical use of electricity: 'an \Ielectrical\j\b\i engineer'. \Belectrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Helectrical engineering\h
the branch of applied science which is concerned with electric power, especially with the design and construction of electrical machinery, power lines and electronic equipment.
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\Helectric chair\h
a device which uses electricity to execute a convicted criminal.
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\Helectric charge\h
short form is \Bcharge\j\b\i
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a quantity of energy. Two types of charge, called positive and negative, are known. Bodies with the same electric charge repel each other and bodies with the opposite electric charge attract each other.
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\Helectric current\h
short form is \Bcurrent\j\b\i
\IElectricity:\j\b\i the rate of transfer of an electric charge.
\Balternating current\j\b\i is an electric current which regularly changes direction, so that the average flow over a period is zero.
\Bdirect current\j\b\i is an electric current flowing in one direction only.
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\Helectric eye\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a photoelectric cell.
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\Helectric guitar\h
a guitar with a device which transmits the sounds through an amplifier to a loudspeaker.
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\Helectrician\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lek-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a person with theoretical and practical knowledge of the installation, repair and maintenance of various types of electrical equipment.
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\Helectricity\h
\Isay\j\b\i eelek-\CX1triss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) all the effects associated with electric charge at rest or moving. b) the energy released by the movement of charged particles, such as electrons.
\CX11.\j\b\i to apply electric charge or current to electrical equipment.
\CX12.\j\b\i to thrill, shock or excite: 'the audience was \Ielectrified\j\b\i by the music'. \Belectrification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helectro-\h
a prefix meaning of or caused by electricity, as in \Ielectromotive\j\b\i. Greek \Ielektron\j\b\i amber, which produces electrostatic effects when it is rubbed
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\Helectrocardiograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lektro-\CX1kar\j\b\idio-graf \Pnoun\p short form is \Bcardiograph\j\b\i or \BECG\j\b\i
a representation of the heartbeat, made by recording the flow of electric currents in the heart muscle.
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\Helectroconvulsive therapy\h
short form is \BECT\j\b\i
the application of electric shocks to the brain as a method of treating psychological depression, etc.
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\Helectrocute\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lek\j\b\itra-kewt \Pverb\p to kill with an electric shock. \Belectrocution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helectrode\h
\Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a conductor by which electrons enter, leave, or are controlled within an electrical device.
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\Helectroencephalograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lektro-en\CX1seff\j\b\iila-graf \Pnoun\p short form is \BEEG\j\b\i
the recording of the electrical activity of the brain, detected by placing leads on the scalp.
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\Helectrolysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i eelek-\CX1troll\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the decomposition of a substance by passing electricity through it. \Belectro-\j\b\i + Greek \Ilysis\j\b\i a loosening
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\Helectrolyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lek\j\b\itra-lite \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound which, in solution or when molten, forms ions which conduct electricity.
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\Helectromagnet\h
\Pnoun\p a device consisting of a coil of wire around a soft iron core which becomes a magnet when electricity flows through the coil.
\Belectromagnetic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i See \Jmagnetic\j\b\i. \Belectromagnetism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the magnetism caused by a moving electric charge.
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\Helectromagnetic radiation\h
also called a \Bhertzian wave\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a form of radiation consisting of \Belectromagnetic waves\j\b\i which comprise an electric field and a magnetic field at right angles to each other. \IExamples:\j\b\i heat, light, X-rays and radiowaves are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
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\Helectromotive\h
\Padjective\p of or producing a flow of electricity.
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\Helectromotive force\h
short form is \Be.m.f\j\b\i.
\IElectricity:\j\b\i the amount of energy, measured in volts, required to produce a flow of electricity.
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\Helectron\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbeta particle\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the stable, negatively charged elementary particle which orbits atomic nuclei and forms the basis of electricity. from \Belectr\j\b\i(ic) + (i)on
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\Helectronic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eelek-\CX1tronn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to electrons or electronics.
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\Helectronic document\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a file whose text and graphical images appear on the screen in a page-like form.
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\Helectronic funds transfer\h
short form is \BEFT\j\b\i
the computerised system of transferring money from one account to another which does not involve handling cash.
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\Helectronic mail\h
a computerised system which transmits material via telephone lines.
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\Helectronic mail\h
short forms are \Be-mail, email, Email\j\b\i
the messages that are transmitted and received via computers through various communications networks, e.g. the Internet.
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\Helectronics\h
\Isay\j\b\i eelek-\CX1tronn\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p a) (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the flow of electricity in a gas, vacuum, semiconductor, etc., and of devices and systems to control and utilise it. b) the techniques of manufacturing such devices, e.g. the semiconductors in transistors, and the photoelectric cells, printed and integrated circuits used in aerospace equipment, pocket-size computers, etc. The more minute devices are classed as microelectronic.
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\Helectron-volt\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of energy equal to about 1.60 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i10{\up6 -19\j\b\i joules.
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\Helectrophoresis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lektro-fa-\CX1ree\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the attraction and movement of colloidal particles towards electrodes in a fluid.
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\Helectroplate\h
\Pverb\p to coat with a thin film of metal by electrolysis. \Belectroplate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any objects which have been electroplated; \Belectroplating\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helectrostatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lektro-\CX1statt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to stationary electric charges.
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\Helectrovalence\h
\Pnoun\p electrovalency.
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\Helectrovalency\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-lektro-\CX1vay\j\b\il'n-see \Pnoun\p See \Jvalency\j\b\i.
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\Helectrovalent bond\h
See \Jionic bond\j\b\i.
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\Helegant\h
\Padjective\p tasteful and refined, especially in dress or manner: 'she wore a simple but \Ielegant\j\b\i dress'. \Belegantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Belegance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ielegans\j\b\i discriminating
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\Helegiac\h
\Isay\j\b\i ella-\CX1jie\j\b\i-ak \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or suited to an elegy.
\CX12.\j\b\i mournful or sad.
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\Helegy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a sad song or funeral poem in memory of the dead. \Belegist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the writer of an elegy. Greek \Ielegos\j\b\i a song of mourning
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\Helement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a basic and necessary part or feature of a whole: 'good health is one of the \Ielements\j\b\i of happiness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the basic principles or beginnings of a subject: 'she taught me
the \Ielements\j\b\i of grammar'. b) the forces of nature, weather, etc.: 'the abandoned house had been exposed to the \Ielements\j\b\i for years'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a substance made up of atoms, all of which have the same number of protons.
\CX14.\j\b\i a preferred or more suitable environment: 'she is in her \Ielement\j\b\i when travelling'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a wire conductor in an electrical appliance, etc. which opposes the electric current and changes it into heat.
\CX16.\j\b\i any of the four substances, air, earth, water and fire, which ancient philosophers believed combined to form the universe.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a number forming part of an array, e.g. in a matrix. b) a single figure or symbol in a set. Also called a \Bmember\j\b\i. \Belemental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Belementally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Helementary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ella-\CX1men\j\b\i-tree \Padjective\p basic, simple or undeveloped: 'an \Ielementary\j\b\i description of a subject'.
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\Helementary particle\h
also called a \Bfundamental particle\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i any of the basic units from which all matter is composed, e.g. the electron, proton, neutron, meson, positron.
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\Helementary school\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a primary school.
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\Helement number\h
the number equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an element.
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\Helephant\h
\Pnoun\p a member of either of two species of very large mammals of Africa and Asia, with thick leathery skins, long prehensile trunks and curved tusks, the African elephant having larger, fan-shaped ears. \Belephantine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ella-\CX1fan\j\b\itine), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like an elephant.
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\Helephantiasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ella-fan-\CX1tie\j\b\i-a-sis \Pnoun\p a blocking of the lymph vessels due to parasitic worms, which causes swelling in the legs or scrotum.
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\Helevate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\ia-vate \Pverb\p to lift up or raise: 'he was \Ielevated\j\b\i to a managerial job'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we were \Ielevated\j\b\i by the beautiful weather' (= put in high spirits).
b) 'the teacher's presence in the room \Ielevated\j\b\i the discussions' (= raised the tone of). Latin \Ielevare\j\b\i to lift up
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\Helevation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the height of anything, especially above the ground or sea-level.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of elevating: 'his \Ielevation\j\b\i to the position of manager came as a surprise'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a drawing of one side of a building.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i an angle made above the horizon or horizontal plane, e.g. by a star or planet. Also called the \Baltitude\j\b\i.
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\Helevator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\ia-vayta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a lift.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that lifts.
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\Heleven\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 11 in Arabic numerals, XI in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i the 11 players in a cricket, soccer, etc. team. \Beleven\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beleventh\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Helevenses\h
\Pnoun\p a morning tea or snack eaten at about 11 o'clock.
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\Heleventh hour\h
the very last moment for doing something: 'the criminal's death sentence was commuted at the \Ieleventh hour\j\b\i'.
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\Helf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Belves\j\b\i
also called an \Bimp\j\b\i or a \Bpixie\j\b\i
\IFolklore:\j\b\i a small, often mischievous, fairy. \Belfin\j\b\i, \Belfish\j\b\i, \Belvish\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or like an elf.
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\Helicit\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1liss\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to bring or cause to come out: 'the book fails to \Ielicit\j\b\i the truth about his death'. Latin \Ielicitus\j\b\i enticed out
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\Helide\h
\Pverb\p to leave out a sound, such as a vowel or syllable, when \Ppronoun\pcing a word, as the \Ia\j\b\i in \Iwe're\j\b\i (we are). \Belision\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1li\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ielidere\j\b\i to knock out
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\Heligible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\iija-b'l \Padjective\p suitable or having the right qualifications: 'we do not feel that such a young person is \Ieligible\j\b\i for this job'.
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1limm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove or get rid of: 'we have \Ieliminated\j\b\i several more names from the list'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to solve simultaneous equations by systematically removing variables and reducing the number of independent equations. \Belimination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ieliminare\j\b\i to throw outside
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\Helite\h
\Isay\j\b\i ay-\CX1leet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p Θlite a) a superior or select few within a group or society. b) a clique: 'they have formed a social \Ielite\j\b\i which excludes many of their old friends'. \Belitism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Belitist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \IΘlit\j\b\i chosen
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\Helixir\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1lik\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a potion or remedy believed to prolong life or cure anything: 'the \Ielixir\j\b\i of eternal youth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a solution of a drug in alcohol. Arabic \Ial-iksir\j\b\i the philosopher's stone of alchemy
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\Helk\h
\Pnoun\p in America called a \Bmoose\j\b\i.
the largest existing deer of Europe, Asia and North America.
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\Hellipse\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a plane, regular, closed curve formed when a cone is cut by a plane which is not parallel to, and does not pass through, the base of the cone. See \Jconic section\j\b\i.
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\Hellipsis\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bellipses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i el-\CX1lip\j\b\iseez)
\IGrammar:\j\b\i a) the leaving out of a word or words in a sentence, which would make it more complete or correct. \IExample\j\b\i: 'while (\II was\j\b\i) crossing the road I held mother's hand'. b) a mark, such as - or ..., used to indicate this.
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\Hellipsoid\h
\Pnoun\p a solid ellipse. \Bellipsoidal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Helliptical\h
\Padjective\p elliptic \CX11.\j\b\i having the shape of an ellipse.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to ellipses. \Belliptically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Helm\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of very tall, deciduous, Northern Hemisphere trees, used for timber.
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\Helocution\h
\Isay\j\b\i ello-\CX1kew\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p the art or study of speaking clearly or well in public. \Belocutionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Belocutionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled in elocution.
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\Helongate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ilongate \Pverb\p to make or become longer. \Belongation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helope\h
\Pverb\p to run away with a lover, especially in order to get married without parents' permission. \Belopement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heloquent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ell\j\b\ia-kw'nt \Padjective\p skilful, fluent and expressive in speech: 'his \Ieloquent\j\b\i praise of the film inspired many people to see it'. \Beloquently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beloquence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ieloquens\j\b\i speaking out
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\Helse\h
\Padverb\p, conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i other than or as well: 'do you want anything \Ielse\j\b\i to eat?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i otherwise: 'we must leave now \Ielse\j\b\i we'll be late'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do as Kate says or \Ielse\j\b\i!' (= otherwise there will be trouble).
\CX13.\j\b\i used with \Ppronoun\ps to indicate a person or thing other than the one mentioned: 'that is someone \Ielse's\j\b\i hat'.
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\Helsewhere\h
\Padverb\p in or to another place: 'let's go \Ielsewhere\j\b\i if this restaurant is full'.
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\Helucidate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1loo\j\b\isi-date \Pverb\p to make clear or distinct: 'will you \Ielucidate\j\b\i the main points of the plan?'. \Belucidation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helude\h
\Pverb\p to escape or avoid cleverly: 'the robbers had \Ieluded\j\b\i police for three weeks'. \Belusion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ieludere\j\b\i to outmanoeuvre
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\Helusive\h
\Padjective\p also called \Belusory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1loo\j\b\iza-ree)
difficult to catch, recall, etc. \Belusiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Helves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jelf\j\b\i.
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\Helvish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jelf\j\b\i.
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\Hem\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i a) the square of the body of any size of type. b) a pica, equal to about 4 mm. an \Iem\j\b\i was originally equal to the space occupied by the letter \Im\j\b\i in a line
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\Hem-\h
a variant of the prefix \Ben-\j\b\i.
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\Hemaciate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1may\j\b\i-see-ate \Pverb\p to make or become thin: 'she was \Iemaciated\j\b\i by her long illness'. \Bemaciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\He-mail\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-mail \Pnoun\p See \Jelectronic mail\j\b\i.
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\Hemanate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1emm\j\b\ia-nate \Pverb\p to come or be produced from: 'his fear of water \Iemanated\j\b\i from an accident in the bath when he was young'. \Bemanation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iemanare\j\b\i to flow out
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\Hemancipate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1man\j\b\isi-pate \Pverb\p to set free from any restraint, especially slavery: 'her attitudes were \Iemancipated\j\b\i by several years at university'. \Bemancipator\j\b\i, \Bemancipationist\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who believes in, or practises, emancipation; \Bemancipatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bemancipate\j\b\i comes from Latin \Iemancipare\j\b\i a \Pverb\p used in ancient Rome to refer to the freeing of a son from the legal authority of his father. The word is related to the Latin \Pnoun\p \Imancipium\j\b\i (ownership), and \Iemancipate\j\b\i was first used in English to describe freeing people from slavery. It then came to mean to free from social or legal restrictions.
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\Hemancipation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-mansi-\CX1pay\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p the act of setting free: 'the \Iemancipation\j\b\i of women has been a popular cause throughout the 20th century'.
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\Hemancipist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1man\j\b\isa-pist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an emancipator.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian history:\j\b\i a convict who had completed or was released from his or her sentence.
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\Hemasculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mass\j\b\i-kew-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take away the masculinity or strength of: 'he was \Iemasculated\j\b\i by 12 years spent in a rigid, authoritarian school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to castrate. \Bemasculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bemasculatory\j\b\i, \Bemasculative\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Latin \Ie\j\b\i ex + \Imasculus\j\b\i male
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\Hembalm\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1bah\j\b\im \Pverb\p to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the happiness of those years was \Iembalmed\j\b\i in her memory' (= kept, cherished). \Bembalmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bembalmment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hembankment\h
\Pnoun\p any raised wall or mound, such as a dyke, used to support a road, hold back water, etc. \Bembank\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hembargo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bembargos\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a government order which stops or restricts trade, movement of ships, etc.: 'an oil \Iembargo\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any restriction on commerce, etc. \Bembargo\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Spanish \Iembargar\j\b\i to restrain
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\Hembark\h
\Pverb\p to get on a ship: 'the family \Iembarked\j\b\i at Southampton for the journey to Auckland'.
\Bembark on\j\b\i, \Bembark upon\j\b\i, 'the college will \Iembark on\j\b\i a new language course this year' (= start). \Bembarkation\j\b\i, \Bembarcation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hembarrass\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cause to feel uncomfortable or self-conscious: 'she was \Iembarrassed\j\b\i by the ugly scars on her face'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to obstruct or hinder: 'the company was financially \Iembarrassed\j\b\i by many unpaid debts'.
\Bembarrassment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being embarrassed: 'there was much \Iembarrassment\j\b\i when the forgotten guest arrived'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which causes one to be embarrassed: 'his lack of tact has always been an \Iembarrassment\j\b\i to us'.
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\Hembassy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\iba-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a diplomatic mission from one country to another headed by an ambassador.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the offices and official home of an ambassador. b) an ambassador and his or her staff.
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\Hembattle\h
\Pverb\p to get ready for battle, especially by taking up arranged positions.
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\Hembed\h
\Pverb\p (\Bembedded\j\b\i, \Bembedding\j\b\i)
to sink or fix firmly into a substance: 'the boulders were completely \Iembedded\j\b\i in the soil'.
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\Hembellish\h
\Pverb\p to add details or decoration to: 'tell the story simply without \Iembellishing\j\b\i the facts'.
\Bembellishment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of embellishing: 'his careful \Iembellishment\j\b\i of the cake took hours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any added details or decoration: 'new \Iembellishments\j\b\i to a house'. \Bem-\j\b\i + Latin \Ibellus\j\b\i handsome
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\Hember\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a burning piece of wood, ash, etc., especially in the remains of a fire.
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\Hembezzle\h
\Pverb\p to steal money placed in one's care: 'the bank teller had \Iembezzled\j\b\i $10 000'. \Bembezzlement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bembezzler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who embezzles.
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\Hembitter\h
\Pverb\p to make a person feel bitter. \Bembitterment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hemblazon\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1blay\j\b\i-z'n \Pverb\p to decorate richly, especially with heraldic inscriptions and devices.
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\Hemblem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\ibl'm \Pnoun\p a distinctive object or design which represents or symbolises something: 'a dove is the \Iemblem\j\b\i of peace'. \Bemblematic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i embla-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like an emblem; \Bemblematically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hembody\h
\Pverb\p (\Bembodied\j\b\i, \Bembodying\j\b\i)
to represent or give a form to: a) 'his new theory was \Iembodied\j\b\i in the title of the book'; b) 'she \Iembodies\j\b\i both beauty and sense'. \Bembodiment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which embodies something.
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\Hembolden\h
\Pverb\p to encourage or make bold: 'your past kindness \Iemboldens\j\b\i me to ask you a favour'.
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\Hembolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\iba-lizm \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus.
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\Hembolus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\iba-lus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bemboli\j\b\i
any material, such as tissue fragments, which is carried in the blood and lodges in a vein or artery. Compare \Jthrombosis\j\b\i. \Bembolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1boll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iembolos\j\b\i a stopper
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\Hemboss\h
\Pverb\p to carve, mould or stamp a design so that it stands out on a surface.
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\Hembouchure\h
\Isay\j\b\i om-boosh-\CX1oor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the mouthpiece of a wind instrument. b) the technique of using the lips and face muscles on such an instrument. French, mouthpiece
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\Hembrace\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hug or take closely in one's arms.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the speech \Iembraced\j\b\i many interesting topics' (= included).
b) 'the ocean \Iembraces\j\b\i the tiny island' (= surrounds).
\CX12.\j\b\i to accept or receive willingly: 'I \Iembrace\j\b\i this opportunity of speaking to you all'. \Bembrace\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hembrasure\h
\Isay\j\b\i em\CX1bray\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p a slit or opening in a wall or parapet through which guns, arrows, etc. may be fired.
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\Hembrocation\h
\Isay\j\b\i embra-\CX1kay\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of rubbing with ointment, etc., especially to relieve pain or stiffness. b) the ointment or lotion used. \Bembrocate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hembroider\h
\Pverb\p to sew with decorative stitches.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iembroidered\j\b\i the story with many colourful details' (= embellished).
\Bembroidery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the art of embroidering.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is embroidered: 'the cuffs on her shirts were edged with red, blue and yellow \Iembroidery\j\b\i'.
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\Hembroil\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to involve in argument or hostility: 'the two teams became \Iembroiled\j\b\i during the rugby match'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make confused or complicated: 'let's not get \Iembroiled\j\b\i in details'.
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\Hembryo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\ibri-o \Pnoun\p plural is \Bembryos\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i an organism in the early stages of development from a fertilised egg.
\Bin embryo\j\b\i, 'our plans for the farm are still \Iin embryo\j\b\i' (= in the early stages). \Bembryonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i embri-\CX1onn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or undeveloped like an embryo; \Bembryology\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i embri-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the study of embryos and their development; \Bembryologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iembryon\j\b\i
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\Hemend\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to correct or remove errors from a manuscript or text. \Bemendation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bemend, amend\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. Both words concern changing something for the better. However, \Iemend\j\b\i relates specifically to corrections made to writing: 'will you \Iemend\j\b\i the first draft of your essay now?'; whereas \Iamend\j\b\i can be used in a more general manner: 'mistakes can usually be\Iamended\j\b\i'.
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\Hemerald\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a rare, bright green variety of beryl, used as a gem.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong bright green colour. \Bemerald\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hemerge\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1merj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to appear or come into sight, especially from concealment: 'the sun \Iemerged\j\b\i again from behind the clouds'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'some facts about the crime have just \Iemerged\j\b\i' (= become known).
b) 'several powerful nations have \Iemerged\j\b\i' (= developed recently). \Bemergence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hemergency\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1merj\j\b\i'n-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden, serious event for which immediate action is necessary: 'ring this doctor if there is an \Iemergency\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing ready to replace another in case of injury, etc.
\Bemergency\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
designed or useful as a stand-by or substitute in case of need: 'the railway guard applied the \Iemergency\j\b\i brakes'.
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\Hemergent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mer\j\b\ijent \Padjective\p coming into view or independent existence, often unexpectedly: 'this country must now be seen as an \Iemergent\j\b\i nuclear power'.
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\Hemeritus\h
\Padjective\p (of a professor, etc.) retired but keeping an honorary title because of outstanding service.
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\Hemersion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mer\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of emerging.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the reappearance of a planet after an eclipse, etc. Compare \Jimmersion\j\b\i.
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\Hemery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1emm\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a fine-grained, very hard mineral substance used for grinding and polishing.
an \Bemery board\j\b\i is a strip of card or wood coated with emery and used to file fingernails.
\Bemery paper\j\b\i is a sheet of paper coated with emery and used as an abrasive.
\Bwet and dry\j\b\i is fine emery paper used with a lubricant to give a smoother finish.
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\Hemetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mett\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a substance used to cause vomiting.
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\Hemigrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1emm\j\b\ii-grate \Pverb\p to go from one's own country to live in another: 'the family \Iemigrated\j\b\i from Yugoslavia in 1967'. Compare \Jimmigrate\j\b\i. \Bemigration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of emigrating; \Bemigrant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who emigrates.
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\HΘmigrΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1emm\j\b\ii-gray \Pnoun\p a person who emigrates to escape political persecution. French
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\Heminent\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having high rank, distinction or reputation: 'an \Ieminent\j\b\i professor gave a lecture to the school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i remarkable or conspicuous: 'his \Ieminent\j\b\i politeness makes him a welcome guest'.
\Beminence\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a position of high rank or distinction: 'his \Ieminence\j\b\i in the legal profession is due to many years of hard work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title of respect for a cardinal.
\CX13.\j\b\i a rise of ground, a hill. \Beminently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hemir\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1eer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bamir\j\b\i
a governor, prince, nobleman, chief or high official of a Moslem state. from Arabic, \Iamir\j\b\i, ruler
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\Hemissary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1emm\j\b\ii-sa-ree \Pnoun\p an envoy.
a) the act of emitting, such as the discharge of fluid or semen from the body. b) anything which is emitted or discharged.
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\Hemollient\h
\Padjective\p having the power to soothe or soften: 'an \Iemollient\j\b\i face lotion'. \Bemollient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any emollient substance.
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\Hemolument\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mol\j\b\i-yoo-m'nt \Pnoun\p any profit from employment, such as a fee, salary, wage, etc.
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\Hemote\h
\Pverb\p to show or act out emotion, especially in a dramatic way.
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\Hemotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any strong sensation, such as fear, joy, sorrow, etc.: 'his voice expressed his intense \Iemotion\j\b\i'.
\Bemotional\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or caused by emotion: 'it was an \Iemotional\j\b\i rather than a reasoned decision'.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily affected by emotion: 'she gets very \Iemotional\j\b\i listening to John Lennon records'.
\Bemotive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
relating to or exciting emotion: 'his \Iemotive\j\b\i speech was calculated to stir the audience'. \Bemotionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bemotively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bemotionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the tendency to display excessive emotion.
\ILaw:\j\b\i to enrol on a jury. \Bempanelment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hempathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\ipa-thee \Pnoun\p an ability to see into another's mind and heart and so reach a full and sympathetic understanding of his or her thought, feeling or experience. \Bempathise\j\b\i, \Bempathize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bempathic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1path\j\b\iik), \Bempathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i empa-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjectives\j\b\i. a translation into Greek form of German \IEinfⁿhlung\j\b\i in-feeling
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\Hemperor\h
\Pnoun\p the male ruler of an empire.
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\Hemperor gum moth\h
a large, Australian moth, the larvae of which eat eucalypt leaves.
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\Hemphasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\ifa-sis \Pnoun\p a stress on or importance attached to something: 'we must put more \Iemphasis\j\b\i on taxes in this election campaign'.
\Bemphasise, emphasize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put emphasis upon: 'that blue dress \Iemphasises\j\b\i the colour of her eyes'.
full of force and emphasis: 'his \Iemphatic\j\b\i answer startled the reporter'. \Bemphatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hemphysema\h
\Isay\j\b\i emfi-\CX1see\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an abnormal retention of air in body tissue; when this occurs in the lung breathing difficulty and danger of infection result. Greek, a stomach inflation
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\Hempire\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of countries ruled by a single person or government.
\CX12.\j\b\i any supreme government or control.
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\Hempirical\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1pirr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p empiric based on or guided by experience, experiment or observation, as distinct from theory. \Bempirically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hempirical formula\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jformula\j\b\i.
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\Hempiricism\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1pirr\j\b\ia-sizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any empirical process or method.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that experience is the basis of all knowledge. Compare \Jrationalism\j\b\i. \Bempiricist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hemplacement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of placing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a prepared position or place, especially for a heavy gun.
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\Hemploy\h
\Pverb\p to give work to or use the services of: 'this company \Iemploys\j\b\i 1300 workers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must try to \Iemploy\j\b\i your spare time' (= make use of).
\Bemployment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of employing: 'this company encourages the \Iemployment\j\b\i of school-leavers'. b) the state of being employed: 'are you in \Iemployment\j\b\i at the moment?'. c) the work or business in which one is employed: 'I am looking for part-time \Iemployment\j\b\i'. \Bemployer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i a person or organisation that employs people; \Bemployee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person in paid employment.
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\Hemporium\h
\Isay\j\b\i em-\CX1paw\j\b\iri-um \Pnoun\p a large shop selling a variety of goods: 'a food \Iemporium\j\b\i'. Greek \Iemporion\j\b\i a trading place
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\Hempower\h
\Pverb\p to give power or authority to: 'the police are \Iempowered\j\b\i to arrest any violent demonstrators'. \Bempowerment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hempress\h
\Pnoun\p a) the female ruler of an empire. b) the wife of an emperor.
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\Hempty\h
\Padjective\p having nothing inside: 'he drank until the glass was \Iempty\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his life was \Iempty\j\b\i of interest or happiness' (= lacking).
b) 'the \Iempty\j\b\i praise of the critics did not encourage the author' (= meaningless).
\Bempty\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bemptied\j\b\i, \Bemptying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become empty: 'he \Iemptied\j\b\i the bucket of water out the window'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discharge: 'this river \Iempties\j\b\i into the sea'. \Bemptily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bemptiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hemu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-mew \Pnoun\p a large, flightless, Australian bird, which is long-legged, greyish-brown and lives in grassland and scrub.
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\Hemulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to try to equal or do better than: 'the class tried to \Iemulate\j\b\i the teacher's French accent'. \Bemulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bemulative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bemulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who emulates.
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\Hemulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1em\j\b\i-yoo-lus \Padjective\p eager to equal or do better than another.
to make into an emulsion. \Bemulsification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-mulsiffi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n,) \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bemulsifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which emulsifies.
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\Hemulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1mul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fine suspension of one liquid in another, such as oil in water.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a fine, light-sensitive coating on a film, etc.
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\Hen\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i one half of an em.
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\Hen-\h
a prefix meaning: a) in or into, as in \Iengulf\j\b\i; b) to make or cause to be, as in \Ienable\j\b\i. Greek
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\H-en (1)\h
a suffix indicating appearance, as in \Igolden\j\b\i.
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\H-en (2)\h
a suffix forming the plural of certain \Pnoun\ps, as in \Ichildren\j\b\i.
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\Henable\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1ay\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p to make able or possible: 'the fine weather \Ienabled\j\b\i us to spend a lot of time outside'.
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\Henact\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to act out or play: 'the murder method was \Ienacted\j\b\i for police by the confessed criminal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make into a law or act: 'a new traffic code has been \Ienacted\j\b\i for all drivers'. \Benactment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henamel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various mineral substances, similar in composition to glass, used to decorate metal, ceramic and glass surfaces.
\CX12.\j\b\i any enamel-like substance, such as certain paints or varnishes.
\CX13.\j\b\i the very hard, creamy-white, shiny coating on the outside of teeth.
\CX14.\j\b\i an artistic work using enamel substances: 'an exhibition of pottery and \Ienamels\j\b\i'. \Benamel\j\b\i (\Benamelled\j\b\i, \Benamelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to coat or decorate with enamel.
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\Henamour\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1amm\j\b\ia \Pverb\p \Bbe enamoured of\j\b\i, to be delighted, charmed or in love with. \Ben-\j\b\i + French \Iamour\j\b\i love
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\Hen bloc\h
\Isay\j\b\i on blok as a whole. French
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\Hencamp\h
\Pverb\p to settle in a camp: 'the holiday-makers were \Iencamped\j\b\i by a creek'. \Bencampment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hencapsulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1kaps\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p to enclose in a capsule or similar small space: 'he \Iencapsulated\j\b\i his advice in a short statement'. \Bencapsulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hencase\h
\Pverb\p to cover or surround with or as if with a case: 'the knife was \Iencased\j\b\i in an ornate sheath'. \Bencasement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hencephalitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-keffa-\CX1lie\j\b\i-tis \Ior\j\b\i en-seffa-\CX1lie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the brain. Greek \Iegkephalos\j\b\i brain + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Henchant\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to charm or delight: 'we were all \Ienchanted\j\b\i by the tiny puppets'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to use magic or spells on: 'the witch \Ienchanted\j\b\i the prince and turned him into a toad'.
\Benchantment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the state of being enchanted: 'our \Ienchantment\j\b\i with the puppets was great'. b) anything which enchants: 'the \Ienchantment\j\b\i of moonlight'. \Benchanting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Benchantingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Benchanter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who enchants.
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\Hencircle\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1ser\j\b\ik'l \Pverb\p to surround or form a circle round: 'the field was \Iencircled\j\b\i with oak trees'.
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\Henclave\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a territory or district completely surrounded by foreign land.
\CX12.\j\b\i a district, e.g. in a city, inhabited by a minority group. French \Ienclaver\j\b\i to shut in
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\Henclose\h
\Pverb\p to put or shut in completely: 'the garden was \Ienclosed\j\b\i by a high brick wall'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ienclosed\j\b\i two tickets with the letter' (= sent in the envelope).
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\Henclosure\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1klo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of enclosing. b) something which is enclosed: 'the horses were kept in an \Ienclosure\j\b\i during the sale'. c) something, such as a fence, which encloses.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i conversion of open common land in Britain into private property by fencing.
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\Hencode\h
\Pverb\p to convert a message or form into code. Compare \Jdecode\j\b\i.
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\Hencompass\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1kum\j\b\ipis \Pverb\p to surround.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the essay \Iencompassed\j\b\i many historical facts' (= contained).
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\Hencore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\i-kor \Pnoun\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i a) any applause or calls by an audience, demanding that a particular part of a performance be repeated. b) the performance given in response to such a call. Compare \Jcurtain call\j\b\i. \Bencore\j\b\i, \Iinterjection\j\b\i; \Bencore\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give or call for an encore. French, again
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\Hencounter\h
\Pverb\p to meet or be faced with: 'we \Iencountered\j\b\i some language difficulties in Germany'. \Bencounter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a meeting, especially with something difficult or unexpected.
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\Hencounter group\h
an organised gathering where people interact to increase self-awareness and social understanding.
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\Hencourage\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1kurr\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to give hope or confidence to: 'the team was \Iencouraged\j\b\i by the shouts and applause'.
\Bencouragement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of encouraging: 'I hope that our \Iencouragement\j\b\i of her ambition was not wrong'. b) anything which encourages: 'your interest in the project is a great \Iencouragement\j\b\i to us'. \Bencouragingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hencroach\h
\Pverb\p to intrude or go beyond the set limits: 'I hope that we are not \Iencroaching\j\b\i on your hospitality by staying so long'. \Bencroachment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hencrust\h
\Pverb\p to cover with or form a crust: 'the purse was \Iencrusted\j\b\i with beads'. \Bencrustation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hencumber\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to burden or overcome with: 'the bankrupt company is \Iencumbered\j\b\i with many debts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to block or fill up: 'the room was \Iencumbered\j\b\i with old furniture'.
\Bencumbrance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which burdens or hinders: 'grandmother began to feel she was an \Iencumbrance\j\b\i to the family'.
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\Hencyclical\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-klik'l \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a letter written by the Pope for wide distribution.
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\Hencyclopedia\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-sigh-kla-\CX1pee\j\b\idia \Pnoun\p encyclopaedia a book or set of books giving information about every branch of a subject or all subjects, usually arranged in alphabetical order. \Bencyclopedic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, knowing about or dealing with a wide variety of subjects; \Bencyclopedist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iegkyklios\j\b\i general + \Ipaideia\j\b\i education
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\Hend\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the farthest part: 'you hold the other \Iend\j\b\i of the rope'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the last or concluding part: 'what happened at the \Iend\j\b\i of the film?'
\CX13.\j\b\i an aim or purpose: 'does the \Iend\j\b\i justify the means?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he met an unfortunate \Iend\j\b\i in a boating accident' (= death).
b) 'really, that's the \Iend\j\b\i!' (= limit).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat a loose end\j\b\i, 'if you're \Iat a loose end\j\b\i tonight, come out with us' (= without anything to do).
\Bmake ends meet\j\b\i, 'after losing her job she found it difficult to \Imake ends meet\j\b\i' (= have enough money to live).
\Bon end\j\b\i, a) 'his hair stood \Ion end\j\b\i in horror' (= upright); b) 'she read for hours \Ion end\j\b\i' (= continuously).
\Bend\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to come or bring to an end: 'the film \Iended\j\b\i without telling us why she disappeared'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your gambling will \Iend\j\b\i in disaster' (= result). \Bending\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the last or concluding part.
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\Hendanger\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1dane\j\b\i-jer \Pverb\p to expose to danger: 'you will \Iendanger\j\b\i your health if you work so hard'.
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\Hendear\h
\Pverb\p to make dear or beloved: 'her straightforward approach \Iendeared\j\b\i her to all of us'.
\Bendearment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a gesture or expression of affection, such as fond words. \Bendearingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hendeavour\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1devv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p endeavor to strive or make an effort: 'we must \Iendeavour\j\b\i to work harder'.
\Bendeavour\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an effort or attempt: 'their continual \Iendeavours\j\b\i for world peace were frustrated'. French \Ise mettre en devoir\j\b\i to do one's utmost
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\Hendemic\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1demm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (of a disease, etc.) characteristic of or widespread among a particular group of people. Compare \Jepidemic\j\b\i.
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\Hending\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jend\j\b\i.
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\Hendive\h
\Pnoun\p in America called \Bchicory\j\b\i
a herb with small, pale, crinkly leaves, used in salads.
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\Hendless\h
\Padjective\p continuous or without an end: 'an \Iendless\j\b\i round of parties preceded the wedding'. \Bendlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bendlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hendo-\h
a prefix meaning internal, as in \Iendocrine gland\j\b\i. Greek, within
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\Hendocrine gland\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any gland, such as an adrenal gland, which passes its secretions directly into the bloodstream or lymph vessels. \Bendocrine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hendocrinology\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-doe-krin-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the endocrine glands and their relation to the rest of the body. \Bendocrinologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hendorse\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to write something on a document, such as comments or a signature: 'the court \Iendorsed\j\b\i her driving licence with the speeding offence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give approval or support: 'the candidate's nomination was \Iendorsed\j\b\i by the party'.
\Bendorsee\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person authorised by an endorsement to receive payment.
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\Hendorsement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of endorsing: 'the people's \Iendorsement\j\b\i of the government was seen in the election results'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything endorsed on a document, such as a change written into an existing insurance policy.
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\Hendothermic\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-doe-\CX1ther\j\b\imik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to a chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed. Compare \Jexothermic\j\b\i.
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\Hendow\h
\Pverb\p to give or provide a fund or income.
\Bbe endowed with\j\b\i, 'she \Iis endowed with\j\b\i great musical talent' (= possesses, is gifted with).
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\Hendowment\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of endowing.
\CX12.\j\b\i any endowed payment or income: 'child \Iendowment\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a natural gift or talent.
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\Hend point\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the point which marks the end of a reaction during a titration, usually marked by a change in colour of the indicator.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jray (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hend product\h
the final product or result of anything: 'the severe food shortage was an \Iend product\j\b\i of the drought'.
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\Hendurance\h
\Isay\j\b\i end-\CX1yoor\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability or power to endure: 'the cross-country hike was a test of their \Iendurance\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which must be endured: 'pain was the greatest \Iendurance\j\b\i during her illness'.
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\Hendure\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to suffer, bear or put up with: 'it is difficult to \Iendure\j\b\i this pain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to continue: 'his fame \Iendured\j\b\i long after his death'. \Bendurable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be endured or tolerated; \Benduring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) long-lasting or continual, b) patient.
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\Hendways\h
\Padverb\p endwise \CX11.\j\b\i a) with the end forwards. b) standing on end.
\CX12.\j\b\i lengthwise.
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\Henema\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1enn\j\b\iema \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the placing of a fluid in the rectum to encourage the expulsion of faeces.
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\Henemy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1enn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p a person, group or thing that is hostile, aggressive or violently opposed to another: 'the revolutionary guerrilla force was declared an \Ienemy\j\b\i of the nation'. \Benemy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, hostile or representing the enemy.
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\Henergetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i enna-\CX1jett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p active or full of energy: 'the old man was still an \Ienergetic\j\b\i walker'. \Benergetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Henergy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1enn\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the physical ability, force or power to act, work, etc.: 'do not waste your \Ienergy\j\b\i trying to lift that box by yourself'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a conserved quantity equal to the mass of a body multiplied by its velocity squared.
\CX13.\j\b\i usable power, such as heat or electricity. \Benergise\j\b\i, \Benergize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fill with energy.
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\Henergy crisis\h
a crisis caused by a world shortage of easily obtainable energy sources.
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\Henervate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1enn\j\b\ia-vate \Pverb\p to take away the strength or force of: 'a tropical climate is very \Ienervating\j\b\i'. \Benervation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Benervative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ie-\j\b\i without + \Inervus\j\b\i sinew, vigour
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\Henfant terrible\h
\Isay\j\b\i on-fon ter\CX1reeb\j\b\i'l a young person who is known for unconventional, indiscreet or embarrassing behaviour. French \Ienfant\j\b\i child + \Iterrible\j\b\i terrible
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\Henfeeble\h
\Pverb\p to make weak or feeble. \Benfeeblement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henfold\h
\Pverb\p to wrap around or embrace: 'she \Ienfolded\j\b\i the child in her arms'.
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\Henforce\h
\Pverb\p to compel obedience to: 'teachers try to \Ienforce\j\b\i school rules'. \Benforcement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of enforcing; \Benforcer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who enforces; \Benforceable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Henfranchise\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1fran\j\b\i-chize \Pverb\p to give political or civil rights to, such as the right to vote. \Benfranchisement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hengage\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1gay\j\b\ij \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to obtain the attention, aid, services, etc. of: 'they \Iengaged\j\b\i a guide to lead them over the mountains'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to undertake or promise: 'they became \Iengaged\j\b\i to be married'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to keep busy or occupied: 'she will be \Iengaged\j\b\i in a meeting all afternoon'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to make two pieces of machinery lock or move together: 'I \Iengaged\j\b\i first gear and the car moved forward'.
\Bengage in\j\b\i, 'employees of this firm must not \Iengage in\j\b\i any other work' (= take part in).
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\Hengagement\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1gay\j\b\ij-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of engaging.
\CX12.\j\b\i a promise or agreement, especially to marry.
\CX13.\j\b\i an appointment or arrangement: 'a business \Iengagement\j\b\i'.
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1jen\j\b\ida \Pverb\p to cause or produce: 'racial prejudice \Iengenders\j\b\i bitterness and often violence'.
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\Hengine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ijin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device which produces mechanical energy from other forms of energy: 'an internal combustion \Iengine\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a railway locomotive.
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\Hengineer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ija-neer \Pnoun\p a person trained or skilled in designing, constructing or maintaining machinery, bridges, chemical plants, etc.
\Bengineer\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to work as an engineer.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he skilfully \Iengineered\j\b\i his own election to the council' (= contrived, manoeuvred). \Bengineering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HEnglish\h
\Pnoun\p the language of England and other countries, such as Australia and New Zealand. \BOld English\j\b\i (also called \BAnglo-Saxon\j\b\i) was the form of the language until the 12th century, and \BMiddle English\j\b\i was the form between the 12th and the 16th century. \BEnglish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of England, b) of the United Kingdom (especially used outside the United Kingdom).
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\HEnglish horn\h
See \Jcor anglais\j\b\i.
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\Hengorge\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1gorj\j\b\i \Pverb\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i to become filled with blood.
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\Hengrave\h
\Pverb\p to cut marks, such as letters or designs, into a hard surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the beautiful countryside was \Iengraved\j\b\i upon his memory' (= impressed or fixed deeply). \Bengraving\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a work or design produced by cutting into a hard surface.
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\Hengross\h
\Pverb\p to take and hold all the attention or time of: 'the new novel \Iengrossed\j\b\i him for many hours'. French \Ien gros\j\b\i wholesale
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\Hengulf\h
\Pverb\p to swallow or surround completely: 'the timber house was soon \Iengulfed\j\b\i by the fire'.
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\Henhance\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1harnse\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i en-\CX1hanse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make more valuable or attractive: 'the meal was greatly \Ienhanced\j\b\i by the delicious wines'. \Benhancement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henigma\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1nig\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p anything which puzzles or is difficult to explain: 'his many different moods were an \Ienigma\j\b\i to us'. \Benigmatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Benigmatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iainigma\j\b\i riddle
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\Henjoin\h
\Pverb\p to urge or command. \Benjoinment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henjoy\h
\Pverb\p to find delight in: 'we \Ienjoyed\j\b\i the party so much'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children all \Ienjoy\j\b\i good health' (= have, experience).
\Benjoyable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
giving pleasure or joy: 'what an \Ienjoyable\j\b\i holiday!'. \Benjoyment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henlarge\h
\Pverb\p to make larger: 'ask the photographer to \Ienlarge\j\b\i these four prints'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we asked the speaker to \Ienlarge\j\b\i on several of the points mentioned' (= give more detail).
\Benlargement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of enlarging: 'the \Ienlargement\j\b\i of their house was directed by an architect'. b) something, especially a photograph, which has been enlarged. \Benlarger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a device which enlarges.
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\Henlighten\h
\Pverb\p to give knowledge or understanding to: 'can you \Ienlighten\j\b\i me on the meaning of this proverb?'.
\Benlightened\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
well-informed and free from prejudice, ignorance, etc.: 'do we live in an \Ienlightened\j\b\i age?'. \Benlightenment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of enlightening, b) the state of being enlightened.
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\Henlist\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to request and obtain: 'they \Ienlisted\j\b\i our help in moving the furniture'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to join one of the armed services. \Benlistment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henliven\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1lie\j\b\i-v'n \Pverb\p to make more lively: 'the party was greatly \Ienlivened\j\b\i when the music started'.
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\Hen masse\h
\Isay\j\b\i on mass all together: 'the family arrived \Ien masse\j\b\i for the barbecue'. French
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\Henmesh\h
\Pverb\p to catch or tangle up, as if in a net.
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\Henmity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ima-tee \Pnoun\p a hatred, hostility or violent opposition: 'the country's trade policies aroused the \Ienmity\j\b\i of its neighbours'.
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\Hennoble\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1no\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p to make noble or dignified: 'his tragic death was \Iennobled\j\b\i by his courage'. \Bennoblement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hennui\h
\Isay\j\b\i on-\CX1wee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a listless boredom or lack of interest. French
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\Henormity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1nor\j\b\ima-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i hugeness: 'the \Ienormity\j\b\i of the task overwhelmed us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the quality of being outrageous. b) something which is outrageous, such as an offence, crime, etc.
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\Henormous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1nor\j\b\imus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very large: 'the \Ienormous\j\b\i elephant terrified the children'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) outrageous: 'he had \Ienormous\j\b\i cheek to say that!' \Benormously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Benormousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henough\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1nuf\j\b\i \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p as much or as many as is needed:
(as an \Padjective\p) 'is there \Ienough\j\b\i pie left for me to have some more?'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'this meat is not cooked \Ienough\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'oddly \Ienough\j\b\i, we did not see them at all' (= quite, rather).
\Benough\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sufficient or necessary amount: 'have you got \Ienough\j\b\i to pay for the tickets?'.
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\Henquire\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1kwire\j\b\i \Pverb\p to inquire. \Benquiry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henrage\h
\Pverb\p to make very angry: 'the bull was \Ienraged\j\b\i by the toreador's taunts'.
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\Henrapture\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1rap\j\b\i-cher \Pverb\p to fill with great delight or rapture: 'we were all \Ienraptured\j\b\i by the haunting symphony'.
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\Henrich\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to improve: 'the soil was \Ienriched\j\b\i with compost'. b) to make richer.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to increase the abundance of a particular isotope in a mixture of the isotopes of an element. \Benrichment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to enter one's name or have it entered on a list or register for membership, etc.
\Benrolment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or process of enrolling: 'when does \Ienrolment\j\b\i for summer lectures begin?'. b) the number of people enrolled: 'the \Ienrolment\j\b\i for Asian studies has doubled this year'.
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\Hen route\h
\Isay\j\b\i on root on the way: 'we will stop and buy food \Ien route\j\b\i to the city'. French
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\Hensconce\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1skonce\j\b\i \Pverb\p to settle or establish oneself in comfort: 'she is \Iensconced\j\b\i by the fire with a book'.
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\Hensemble\h
\Isay\j\b\i on-\CX1som\j\b\i-b'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all the parts of a whole, seen or considered together.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small group of musicians.
\CX13.\j\b\i a matching outfit. French, together
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\Henshrine\h
\Pverb\p to cherish or keep as if in a shrine: 'the fond memories were \Ienshrined\j\b\i in her heart'.
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\Henshroud\h
\Pverb\p to shroud or cover.
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\Hensign\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\isine \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flag, especially of a country or particular group.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) the lowest commissioned officer in the British infantry.
\CX13.\j\b\i the lowest ranking commissioned officer in the American navy.
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\Henslave\h
\Pverb\p to dominate or make a slave of: 'they were \Ienslaved\j\b\i by an overbearing tyrant'. \Benslavement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hensnare\h
\Pverb\p to catch in or as if in a snare or trap.
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\Hensue\h
\Pverb\p to happen afterwards, especially as a result: 'a strike \Iensued\j\b\i from the employer's refusal to pay the workers overtime'.
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\Hen suite\h
\Isay\j\b\i on \CX1sweet\j\b\i a bathroom which is attached to a bedroom: 'a master bedroom with \Ien suite\j\b\i'. French
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\Hensure\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1shor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make sure or certain: 'we must \Iensure\j\b\i that the dogs do not escape'. See \Jassure\j\b\i.
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\Hentablature\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1tab\j\b\ila-cher \Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i the part of a building which rests on columns.
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\Hentail\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to involve as a necessary part of a process: 'this project will \Ientail\j\b\i much extra reading'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to limit an inheritance to a fixed line of heirs who may neither sell nor give it away.
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\Hentangle\h
\Pverb\p to make or become caught up or tangled. \Bentanglement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hentente\h
\Isay\j\b\i on\CX1tont\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a friendly understanding or agreement, especially between governments. French
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\Henter\h
\Pverb\p to come or go in: 'we \Ientered\j\b\i the theatre by the side door'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ientered\j\b\i the army when he was 18' (= joined).
b) 'they \Ientered\j\b\i and won all four events' (= competed in).
c) '\Ienter\j\b\i your name and age at the top' (= put, record).
\Benter into\j\b\i, to become involved with.
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\Henteritis\h
\Isay\j\b\i enta-\CX1rye\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the intestines. Greek \Ienteron\j\b\i intestine + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Henterprise\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any attempted project, task, etc.: 'he is involved in a new business \Ienterprise\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an organised business or company: 'they manage a small hardware \Ienterprise\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i energetic resourcefulness and spirit.
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\Henterprising\h
\Padjective\p bold, resourceful and energetic: 'such an \Ienterprising\j\b\i plan must succeed'. \Benterprisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hentertain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to keep amused, interested or attentive: 'a magician \Ientertained\j\b\i the children before the concert'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to admit or receive as guests: 'we \Ientertained\j\b\i 12 people for dinner last night'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I cannot \Ientertain\j\b\i such an outrageous idea' (= accept, consider).
\Bentertainer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who entertains, especially a public or professional performer. \Bentertainment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i a) the act of entertaining, b) anything which entertains, such as a public performance.
to hold the fascinated attention of: 'grandmother \Ienthralled\j\b\i us with her ghost stories'. \Benthralment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henthrone\h
\Pverb\p to place on or as if on a throne. \Benthronement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henthusiasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1thew\j\b\izi-azm \Pnoun\p a strong interest, eagerness or delight: 'the audience showed their \Ienthusiasm\j\b\i by thunderous applause and cries'.
\Benthusiast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who has great enthusiasm for some activity, etc.: 'a skiing \Ienthusiast\j\b\i'. \Benthusiastic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of enthusiasm; \Benthusiastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Benthuse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to show enthusiasm.
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\Hentice\h
\Pverb\p to attract or tempt with promises, bait, etc.: 'we tried to \Ientice\j\b\i the cat down from the tree with a saucer of milk'.
\Benticement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of enticing. b) something used to entice: 'a generous salary was the main \Ienticement\j\b\i of the job'. \Benticingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hentire\h
\Padjective\p being whole and undivided: 'his \Ientire\j\b\i wealth was donated to a Lost Dogs' Home'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is an \Ientire\j\b\i stranger to me' (= thorough).
the wholeness or completeness of anything: 'the evidence must be presented in its \Ientirety\j\b\i'. \Bentirely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, completely or exclusively.
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\Hentitle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give a name or title to, e.g. a book.
\CX12.\j\b\i to allow or give a right to: 'you are \Ientitled\j\b\i to the prize money if you are over 21'.
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\Hentity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ita-tee \Pnoun\p anything which has a real, independent existence.
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\Hentomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i en\CX1toom\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bury in or as if in a tomb. \Bentombment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hentomology\h
\Isay\j\b\i enta-\CX1moll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of insects. \Bentomologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bentomological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i enta-m'\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hentourage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\itoo-rah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a group of attendants or followers: 'the pop star arrived with his usual \Ientourage\j\b\i'. French \Ientourer\j\b\i to surround
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\Hentr'acte\h
\Isay\j\b\i on-trakt \Pnoun\p a) the interval between the acts of a play. b) a performance, especially of music, given in this interval.
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\Hentrails\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\i-trales plural \Pnoun\p the intestines or inner parts.
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\Hentrance (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\i-tr'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of entering: 'her \Ientrance\j\b\i was greeted with wild applause'. b) the right or permission to enter: 'he has \Ientrance\j\b\i into the highest business circles'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place by or through which one enters.
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\Hentrance (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1trarnse\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i en-\CX1transe\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fill with wonder and delight: 'we were \Ientranced\j\b\i by the delicate music'. \Bentrancement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bentrancingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hentrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\itr'nt \Pnoun\p a person who officially enters a competition or organisation: 'this year the poetry competition had only 70 \Ientrants\j\b\i'.
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\Hentrap\h
\Pverb\p to trick or catch in, or as if in, a trap. \Bentrapment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hentreat\h
\Pverb\p to ask or request earnestly: 'they \Ientreated\j\b\i her not to go out after dark'.
\Bentreaty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an earnest request: 'the driver ignored my \Ientreaties\j\b\i to slow down'.
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\Hentree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\itray \Pnoun\p entrΘe \CX11.\j\b\i a dish served before the main course of a meal.
\CX12.\j\b\i the right or privilege to enter. French \Ientrer\j\b\i to enter
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\Hentrench\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to establish or settle firmly: 'he is completely \Ientrenched\j\b\i in his beliefs and will not change'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i to defend or consolidate a position by digging trenches.
\Bentrenchment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i any defensive fortification consisting of trenches.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of entrenching. b) the state of being entrenched: 'his \Ientrenchment\j\b\i in his beliefs is so complete it's frightening'.
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\Hentrepreneur\h
\Isay\j\b\i ontra-pren-\CX1er\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who undertakes and controls an enterprise or business venture, especially one in which risk is involved. French \Ientre\j\b\i between + \Ipreneur\j\b\i taker
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\Hentropy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\itra-pee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a measure of the molecular disorder of a system: 'the \Ientropy\j\b\i of a solid increases as it melts'. Because all changes from order to disorder absorb energy, entropy is also a measure of the free energy in a system.
\CX12.\j\b\i the tendency of a system towards increasing disorder and inertness: 'many modern authors portray the world as being in the throes of \Ientropy\j\b\i'.
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\Hentrust\h
\Pverb\p to give in trust: 'I have \Ientrusted\j\b\i my will to a solicitor'. \Bentrustment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hentry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of entering: 'their \Ientry\j\b\i into the house was not noticed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place by which one enters: 'the \Ientry\j\b\i to the stables was in the yard'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which is entered or recorded: 'postal \Ientries\j\b\i in this competition will not be accepted after Monday'.
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\Hentwine\h
\Pverb\p to twine or curl around, together, etc.
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\Henumerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1new\j\b\ima-rate \Pverb\p to name or list one by one: 'you must clearly \Ienumerate\j\b\i your reasons'. \Benumeration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of enumerating.
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\Henunciate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1nun\j\b\isi-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to \Ppronoun\pce: 'he \Ienunciates\j\b\i all his words with great care'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to state or declare: 'she first \Ienunciated\j\b\i her theories in 1942'. \Benunciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henvelop\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1vell\j\b\iup \Pverb\p to wrap up or cover completely: 'the taller city buildings were \Ienveloped\j\b\i in cloud'. \Benvelopment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henvelope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\iva-lope \Ior\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\iva-lope \Pnoun\p a cover, especially the flat, folded sheet of paper used to enclose letters, etc. French \Ienvelopper\j\b\i to wrap up
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\Henviable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ivia-b'l \Padjective\p desirable or worthy to be envied: 'the President's job is not an \Ienviable\j\b\i one'.
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\Henvious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\ivi-us \Padjective\p full of envy: 'he felt proud when he saw the \Ienvious\j\b\i glances at his car'. \Benviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Benviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Henvironment\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1vie\j\b\i-ron-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the surrounding influences, physical conditions or circumstances of anything: 'the home \Ienvironment\j\b\i of a child has an important effect on its attitudes in later life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the set of resources such as the operating system and utilities by which the user operates a particular computer system. \Benvironmental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i en-vie-ron-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Henvironmentalist\h
\Pnoun\p a person concerned with the problems of the environment, especially the effects of pollution.
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\Henvirons\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1vie\j\b\i-r'nz plural \Pnoun\p the surrounding districts or suburbs of a city, town, etc. French, surroundings
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\Henvisage\h
\Isay\j\b\i en-\CX1vizz\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to see or picture in the mind: 'I didn't \Ienvisage\j\b\i that there would be such a crowd here'.
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\Henvoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\i-voy \Pnoun\p an official representative, especially a diplomat sent to another country. French \IenvoyΘ\j\b\i sent
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\Henvy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\i-vee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of discontent or resentment aroused by seeing another person's good fortune, superiority, etc., usually accompanied by a desire to possess the advantages of the other person.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which causes envy: 'their swimming pool is the \Ienvy\j\b\i of the neighbourhood'.
\Benvy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Benvied\j\b\i, \Benvying\j\b\i)
to regard with envy: 'it is difficult not to \Ienvy\j\b\i his success'. \Benvyingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Henzyme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1en\j\b\i-zime \Pnoun\p a substance, usually a protein, which is a biological catalyst.
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\HEocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-o-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jtertiary\j\b\i.
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\Heon\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jaeon\j\b\i.
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\Hepaulette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ia-let \Pnoun\p epaulet a buttoned, sometimes fringed, shoulder flap on a uniform.
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\HΘpΘe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a stiff, steel, fencing sword, having a blade with a triangular cross-section and a rounded button on the point to prevent injuring the opponent. French
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\Hephemeral\h
\Isay\j\b\i e\CX1femm\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p lasting only a short time. \Bephemera\j\b\i (plural is \Bephemeras\j\b\i or \Bephemerae\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which lasts only a short time; \Bephemerally\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bepi-\j\b\i + Greek \Ihemera\j\b\i day
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\Hepi-\h
a prefix meaning on, to or against, as in \Iepicentre\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hepic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long story of heroic events and actions, often in a noble style.
\CX12.\j\b\i any great or dramatic event likened to an epic.
\Bepic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of an epic.
\CX12.\j\b\i grand or heroic.
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\Hepicentre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-senta \Pnoun\p epicenter also called an \Bepicentrum\j\b\i
a point on the surface of the earth directly above the point of origin of an earthquake or the impact of a bomb. \Bepicentral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hepicure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-kewer \Pnoun\p a person who appreciates or cultivates fine taste in wine, food, the arts, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i of or fit for an epicure: 'it was an \Iepicurean\j\b\i meal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i devoted to luxury and sensuous pleasures. \Bepicurean\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IEpicurus\j\b\i, a Greek philosopher in the 4th century \Bb.c\j\b\i. who taught that the highest good in life is happiness
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\Hepidemic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1demm\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p the occurrence of a disease in one area and for a short time affecting many individuals in that area. Compare \Jendemic\j\b\i. \Bepidemic\j\b\i, \Bepidemical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bepi-\j\b\i + Greek \Idemos\j\b\i people
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\Hepidermis\h
\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1der\j\b\imis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the skin or outside layer of cells in animals or plants. \Bepidermic\j\b\i, \Bepidermal\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or relating to epidermis; \Bepidermoid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, resembling epidermis.
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\Hepiglottis\h
\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1glott\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a movable ridge of cartilage at the back of the throat, which prevents food entering the windpipe during swallowing. \Bepiglottal\j\b\i, \Bepiglottic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hepigram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-gram \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short poem with one theme and usually a witty or satirical ending.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-graf \Ior\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-grahf \Pnoun\p a brief inscription or quotation, as on a statue or at the beginning of a book, poem, etc.
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\Hepilepsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-lep-see \Pnoun\p a nervous disease, sometimes due to brain damage and causing fits. \Bepileptic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who suffers from epilepsy; \Bepileptic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iepilepsia\j\b\i an attack
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\Hepilogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-log \Pnoun\p the closing part or speech of a play, book, etc. Compare \Jprologue\j\b\i. Greek \Iepilogos\j\b\i conclusion
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\HEpiphany\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1piff\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a festival celebrated on January 6th, to commemorate the showing of the infant Christ to the Magi.
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\Hepiscopal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1pisk\j\b\ia-p'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a bishop.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) of or relating to bishops or any church governed by bishops: 'the Protestant \IEpiscopal\j\b\i Church in America'.
\IReligion:\j\b\i a) the administration of a church by bishops. b) the office or rank of a bishop. \Bepiscopalian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-piska-\CX1pay\j\b\ilian), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supports episcopal church government; \Bepiscopalian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hepisode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-sode \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an incident or event in a larger series or course of events.
\CX12.\j\b\i one complete section of a serial. \Bepisodic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1sodd\j\b\iik), \Bepisodical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bepisodically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hepistemology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-pista-\CX1moll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the study, investigation or theory of human knowledge. \Bepistemological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-pista-m'\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bepistemologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hepistle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1piss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a letter, especially any of the apostles' letters in the New Testament. \Bepistolary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1pist\j\b\ia-la-ree), \Bepistolatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \IepistolΘ\j\b\i letter
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\Hepitaph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-tahf \Pnoun\p a short inscription on a tomb. Greek \Iepitaphios\j\b\i over the grave, a funeral oration
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\Hepithalamium\h
\Isay\j\b\i eppitha-\CX1lay\j\b\i-mee-um \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bepithalamion\j\b\i
a poem in honour of a marriage, dedicated to the bride and groom.
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\Hepithelium\h
\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1thee\j\b\ilium \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells and covering the body, its internal surfaces and cavities. \Bepithelial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hepithet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\ii-thet \Pnoun\p a word or name, especially one used to describe some characteristic of a person, as in Ethelred \Ithe Unready\j\b\i. \Bepithetical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eppi-\CX1thett\j\b\iik'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iepithetos\j\b\i added
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\Hepitome\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1pitt\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person or thing that is typical or characteristic of some quality, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a summary. \Bepitomise\j\b\i, \Bepitomize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be typical or characteristic of.
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\Hepoch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ipok \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular period of time, especially one seen as a new or significant beginning.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the main division of a geological period, being the amount of time taken for a rock series to form.
\Bepoch-making\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
opening a new era of time or progress: 'it was an \Iepoch-making\j\b\i discovery for medical science'. \Bepochal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1epp\j\b\io-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heponymous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1po\j\b\i-nimmus \Padjective\p a) giving the name to a place, work, invention, etc.: 'David Copperfield, the \Ieponymous\j\b\i hero of Dickens's novel'. b) taking its name from a person.
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\Hepoxy resin\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-pok-see \CX1rezz\j\b\iin short form is \Bepoxy\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a wide variety of synthetic organic compounds which contain oxygen and are used in plastics, surface coatings and adhesives.
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\Hepsilon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ep-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-lon \Pnoun\p the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing short \Ie\j\b\i.
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\HEpsom salts\h
magnesium sulphate, a white, water-soluble, crystalline solid, used in leather processing and medicine. first made from mineral spring waters of \IEpsom\j\b\i, England
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\Hequable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwa-b'l \Padjective\p (of temperament, climate, etc.) steady, even or regular. \Bequably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bequability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekwa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hequal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eek\j\b\iw'l \Padjective\p having the same size, amount, degree, value, etc.: 'we received \Iequal\j\b\i shares of the pie'.
\Bequal to\j\b\i, 'I do not feel \Iequal to\j\b\i the occasion' (= adequate for, able to cope with).
\Bequal\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bequalled\j\b\i, \Bequalling\j\b\i)
to be or do something equal to: 'I doubt if you will \Iequal\j\b\i the record'.
\Bequal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing which is equal to another: 'we are \Iequals\j\b\i in age but not in size'. \Bequally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bequality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwoll\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hequalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eek\j\b\iwa-lize \Pverb\p equalize to make equal: 'the government has \Iequalised\j\b\i the tax burden for all sections of the community'. \Bequalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bequaliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which equalises.
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\Hequanimity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekwa-\CX1nimm\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a calmness of mood or temper.
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\Hequate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee\CX1kwate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to see or represent one thing as equal to another.
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\Hequation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kway\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of making or representing as equal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a formula expressing the equality of two quantities.
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\Hequator\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kway\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a mapmaker's line running through all points that are equidistant from the North and South Poles, and from which degrees of latitude are measured. \Bequatorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekwa-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, near or characteristic of the equator. Latin \Icirculus aequator dieri et noctis\j\b\i circle equalising day and night
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\Hequerry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwa-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an officer who attends a member of the British royal family or their representatives in other countries.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who looks after the horses of a royal household, etc.
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\Hequestrian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwest\j\b\irian \Pnoun\p a horserider.
\Bequestrian\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to horseriding: 'an \Iequestrian\j\b\i event'. \Bequestrianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iequester\j\b\i from \Iequus\j\b\i horse
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\Hequi-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-kwee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\i-wee a prefix meaning equal, as in \Iequilibrium\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hequiangular\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-kwee-\CX1ang\j\b\i-gewla \Padjective\p having equal angles.
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\Hequidistant\h
\Isay\j\b\i eekwi-\CX1dist\j\b\iant \Padjective\p being at an equal distance. \Bequidistance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hequilateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i eekwi-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p having sides equal in length.
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\Hequilibrium\h
\Isay\j\b\i eekwi-\CX1lib\j\b\irium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bequilibria\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a state of equal balance or rest between opposing forces.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a state of balance in a chemical reaction, where the substances produced decompose at the same rate as they are being formed. \Bequi-\j\b\i + Latin \Ilibra\j\b\i balance
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\Hequine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwine \Padjective\p of or resembling a horse.
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\Hequinox\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ikwi-noks \Pnoun\p the time when the sun crosses the equator, making day and night all over the earth of equal length, occurring in the Southern Hemisphere on or about March 21st (the autumnal equinox) and September 22nd (the vernal equinox). \Bequinoctial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bequi-\j\b\i + Latin \Inox\j\b\i night
to provide or fit with what is needed for a particular purpose.
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\Hequipment\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwip\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of equipping: 'the \Iequipment\j\b\i of the ship is in progress'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the things which are needed or used for a particular purpose or task: 'this shop sells all kinds of sporting \Iequipment\j\b\i'.
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\Hequipoise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwi-poyz \Pnoun\p an even balance or distribution.
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\Hequitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwitta-b'l \Padjective\p fair and just. \Bequitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hequitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekwi-\CX1tay\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p the act or art of horseriding. Latin \Iequus\j\b\i horse
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\Hequity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\iwi-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being fair or impartial.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the legal principle that considerations of fairness may override common and statute law; legal principles and procedures for this purpose.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a) the value of a company's shares. b) (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) ordinary shares in a public company, as distinct from fixed-interest shares.
\CX14.\j\b\i the value of a person's investment in property. Latin \Iaequitas\j\b\i fairness, justice
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\Hequivalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwivv\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p equal or nearly equal in value, effect, amount, etc. \Bequivalently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bequivalence\j\b\i, \Bequivalency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hequivocal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwivv\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p ambiguous or unclear.
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\Hequivocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1kwivv\j\b\ia-kate \Pverb\p to mislead or evade by using equivocal language. \Bequivocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\H-er (1)\h
a suffix which indicates: a) a person or thing that performs the action or function related to the root word, as in \Iphotographer\j\b\i; b) a person coming from a particular region or area, as in \ISoutherner\j\b\i.
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\H-er (2)\h
a suffix indicating the comparative degree of: a) \Padjective\ps, as in \Ibrighter\j\b\i; b) \Padverb\ps, as in \Ilater\j\b\i.
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\Hera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eer\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a) a period of time counted from some fixed point in the past: 'the Christian \Iera\j\b\i'. b) a period of time marked by distinctive events or features: 'an \Iera\j\b\i of progress'.
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\Heradicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1radd\j\b\ii-kate \Pverb\p to uproot or get rid of completely: 'the doctors have succeeded in \Ieradicating\j\b\i smallpox from this district'. \Beradication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beradicable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be eradicated; \Beradicator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that eradicates.
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\Herase\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee\CX1raze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to rub or clean off.
\Beraser\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which erases, especially a rubber. \Berasure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Berasable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Herbium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 68, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Here\h
\Isay\j\b\i air preposition, conjunction an old word meaning before.
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\Herect\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1rekt\j\b\i \Padjective\p upright or on end.
\Berect\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to build, construct or establish: 'a monument was \Ierected\j\b\i in his honour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to raise into an upright position. \Berectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Berectness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Herectile tissue\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any spongy tissue which becomes firm and rigid when it is filled with blood, such as in the penis and nipples in males and the clitoris and nipples in females.
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\Herection\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1rek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of erecting. b) anything which has been erected, such as a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i the expanding and hardening of the penis or clitoris when it fills with blood due to sexual stimulation.
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\Herector\h
\Pnoun\p anything which erects, such as a muscle in the body.
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\Herg\h
\Pnoun\p an obsolete metric unit of work or energy, equal to 10{\up6 -7\j\b\i joule. Greek \Iergon\j\b\i work
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\Hergo\h
\Iconjunction\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i an old word meaning therefore. Latin
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\Hergonomics\h
\Isay\j\b\i er-go-\CX1nom\j\b\i-iks plural \Pnoun\p the study of the physical relationship between people and their working environment. \Bergonomic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hermine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\imin \Pnoun\p a) a weasel with a black-tipped tail and brown fur which turns white in winter. In England it is called a \Bstoat\j\b\i while it has its brown coat. b) the valuable white fur of this animal.
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\Herode\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1rode\j\b\i \Pverb\p to wear or eat away: a) 'the soil was \Ieroded\j\b\i by wind'; b) 'support for the government was \Ieroded\j\b\i by inflation'. \Berosive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing erosion.
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\Herogenous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1roj\j\b\ii-n's \Padjective\p arousing or tending to arouse sexual excitement. Greek \Ieros\j\b\i love + \B-gen\j\b\i
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\Herosion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ro\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act or process of eroding, especially the wearing away of the land surface by sun, wind, water, frost or ice.
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\Herotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1rott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p a) of or relating to sexual love: '\Ierotic\j\b\i poems'. b) arousing sexual desire: 'an \Ierotic\j\b\i dance'.
any art or literature based on, or attempting to stimulate, sexual love or desire. \Berotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beroticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1rott\j\b\ii-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IEros\j\b\i, the god of love in Greek mythology
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\Herr\h
\Pverb\p to make mistakes or go astray. \Berrancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Berringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ierrare\j\b\i to stray
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\Herrand\h
\Pnoun\p a) a short trip for a particular task or purpose: 'I must send you on another shopping \Ierrand\j\b\i'. b) the purpose of such a trip: 'our \Ierrand\j\b\i is to invite you to dinner tonight'.
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\Herrant\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wandering or roving: 'a medieval \Iknight-errant\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i erring: 'you'll come to regret your \Ierrant\j\b\i ways'. \Berrantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Berrantry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the conduct or career of a knight-errant.
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\Herrata\h
\Isay\j\b\i er\CX1rah\j\b\ita plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Berratum\j\b\i
also called \Bcorrigenda\j\b\i
any printing or writing errors, often noted in a list added to a book after it has been printed.
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\Herratic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ratt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking a fixed or certain course, etc: a) '\Ierratic\j\b\i winds'; b) '\Ierratic\j\b\i behaviour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i (of large rocks, etc.) moved from their original site, e.g. by a glacier. \Berratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Herroneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ro\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p containing errors or mistakes: 'his \Ierroneous\j\b\i solution of the problem was based on faulty reasoning'. \Berroneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ierroneus\j\b\i straying
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\Herror\h
\Pnoun\p a mistake.
\Bin error\j\b\i, 'you are \Iin error\j\b\i about the date of that tomb' (= mistaken). Latin, a wandering about
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\Hersatz\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-zahtz \Padjective\p being an imitation, usually inferior: '\Iersatz\j\b\i jewellery can always be recognised when next to real gems'. German \IErsatz\j\b\i replacement
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\HErse\h
\Pnoun\p an old name for the Gaelic language. \BErse\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Herstwhile\h
\Padjective\p former: 'her \Ierstwhile\j\b\i friends do not come to see her now'. from \Ierst\j\b\i, an old word for earliest + \Bwhile\j\b\i
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\Herudite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1err\j\b\ioo-dite \Padjective\p having or showing great learning. \Beruditely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Berudition\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Herupt\h
\Pverb\p to burst or force out violently: 'the volcano \Ierupted\j\b\i rocks and molten lava'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her skin \Ierupted\j\b\i into a rash' (= broke out). \Beruption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Beruptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Herythrocyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i er\CX1rith\j\b\iro-site \Pnoun\p See \Jred blood cell\j\b\i. Greek \Ierythros\j\b\i red + \Ikytos\j\b\i vessel
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\Herythromycin\h
\Isay\j\b\i errithro-\CX1my\j\b\i-sin \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an antibiotic, useful against bacteria which are resistant to penicillin.
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\Hescalate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esk\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to increase, intensify or enlarge by stages: 'the war was \Iescalated\j\b\i on several fronts'. \Bescalation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hescalator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esk\j\b\ia-layter \Pnoun\p a moving, mechanical stairway which consists of an endless belt.
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\Hescalope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1es\j\b\ika-lop \Pnoun\p a very thin slice of meat, especially veal. French
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\Hescapade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esk\j\b\ia-pade \Pnoun\p a reckless or wild adventure.
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\Hescape\h
\Isay\j\b\i es\CX1kape\j\b\i \Pverb\p to get free from capture, confinement, pursuit, etc.: 'the rabbit \Iescaped\j\b\i from its hutch'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was lucky to \Iescape\j\b\i injury in that accident' (= avoid).
b) 'the mistake had \Iescaped\j\b\i his attention' (= failed to attract).
\Bescape\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of escaping: 'his \Iescape\j\b\i from prison was organised by the rest of the gang'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any means of escaping: a) 'a \Ifire-escape\j\b\i'; b) 'he sees films as an \Iescape\j\b\i from everyday life'.
a person who has escaped from captivity: 'a prison \Iescapee\j\b\i'.
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\Hescapism\h
\Isay\j\b\i es\CX1kay\j\b\i-pizm \Pnoun\p the tendency to avoid unpleasant reality by entertaining or absorbing the mind in other matters. \Bescapist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hescarpment\h
\Pnoun\p a long, steep ridge of rock.
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\Heschatology\h
\Isay\j\b\i eska-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i any teachings concerned with final things, such as death, judgement, heaven and hell. \Beschatological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eskatta-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ieskhatos\j\b\i last + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Heschew\h
\Isay\j\b\i es-\CX1choo\j\b\i \Pverb\p to avoid or keep away from.
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\Hescort\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1es\j\b\ikort \Pnoun\p a person or group that travels with or accompanies another.
\Isay\j\b\i eskri-\CX1twa\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a writing desk with drawers. French \IΘcrire\j\b\i to write
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\Hescutcheon\h
\Isay\j\b\i es-\CX1kutch\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \IHeraldry:\j\b\i the shield in a coat of arms, usually divided into segments.
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\HEskimo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \BEskimo\j\b\i or \BEskimos\j\b\i
also called \BInuit\j\b\i
a) any of a Mongoloid people inhabiting the arctic coasts of America, Greenland and north-east Siberia. b) their language. American Indian \Iaskimow\j\b\i eater of raw flesh
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\Hesophagus\h
\Pnoun\p See \Joesophagus\j\b\i.
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\Hesoteric\h
\Isay\j\b\i esso-\CX1terr\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of mystical doctrine, etc.) taught only to the initiated.
\CX12.\j\b\i made for or understood by only a small select group. \Besoterically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iesoterikos\j\b\i inner
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\Hespalier\h
\Isay\j\b\i es-\CX1pall\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a) a trellis or other framework on which trees, etc. are trained. b) a tree or shrub trained in this way. \Bespalier\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Ispalliera\j\b\i a support
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\Hespecial\h
\Isay\j\b\i es\CX1pesh\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p special or particular: 'do you have an \Iespecial\j\b\i friend?'. \Bespecially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HEsperanto\h
\Isay\j\b\i espa-\CX1rant\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a language invented in 1877 by Dr. L. Zamenhof, a Polish scholar, using common words from the major European languages and intended for international use. Spanish \Iesperanza\j\b\i hope, Zamenhof's pen-name
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\Hespionage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esp\j\b\iia-nah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the act of spying, especially on foreign governments. French
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\Hesplanade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1esp\j\b\ila-nahd \Ior\j\b\i \CX1esp\j\b\ila-nade \Pnoun\p a public path or road, usually by the sea.
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\Hespouse\h
\Isay\j\b\i es-\CX1powz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to marry.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Government has \Iespoused\j\b\i the conservation movement' (= adopted, supported). \Bespousal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, support or advocacy.
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\Hespresso\h
\Pnoun\p a strong coffee made by forcing steam under pressure through ground coffee beans. Italian, pressed out
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\Hesprit de corps\h
\Isay\j\b\i ess-pree de \CX1kor\j\b\i a feeling of loyalty and enthusiasm uniting members of a group. French, the group spirit
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\Hespy\h
\Pverb\p (\Bespied\j\b\i, \Bespying\j\b\i)
to catch sight of. \Bespial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hesquire\h
\Isay\j\b\i es-\CX1kwire\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a polite title for a man, used when addressing a letter, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i See \Jsquire\j\b\i. Latin \Iscutarius\j\b\i shield-bearer
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\H-ess\h
a suffix used to form feminine \Pnoun\ps, as in \Iactress\j\b\i. \B-ess\j\b\i was at one time used extensively to make a feminine form of what was thought of as a masculine \Pnoun\p. This was true of \Pnoun\ps denoting people as well as animals, such as 'lioness', 'tigress', etc. The rise of the women's movement and women's new awareness of their rights and status led to the challenging of the assumption that words such as 'editor' were masculine words. They came to be considered neutral \Pnoun\ps with no need of feminine endings. See Gender-specific Language in Appendices.
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\Hessay\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short piece of writing about a particular subject.
\CX12.\j\b\i an attempt. \Bessay\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to attempt or put to the test; \Bessayist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes essays. French \Iessai\j\b\i attempt
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\Hessence\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the property of a thing which gives it its identity: 'the \Iessence\j\b\i of his character is kindness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a concentrated form of any substance: 'vanilla \Iessence\j\b\i'. Also called an \Bextract\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a solution of an oil in alcohol.
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\Hessential\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i absolutely necessary: 'it is \Iessential\j\b\i that you post this letter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the essence or most fundamental part. \Bessentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bessential\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is fundamental or extremely important.
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\H-est\h
a suffix indicating the superlative degree of: a) \Padjective\ps, as in \Ibrightest\j\b\i; b) \Padverb\ps, as in \Ilatest\j\b\i.
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\Hestablish\h
\Pverb\p to set up or bring about on a firm basis: 'the group \Iestablished\j\b\i a new progressive school in the area'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we have not \Iestablished\j\b\i why you were so angry' (= found out, proved).
b) 'that fact has been \Iestablished\j\b\i for years' (= settled, accepted).
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\Hestablished church\h
a religious denomination which is officially recognised and often supported by a country's government.
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\Hestablishment\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of establishing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a household or any place of residence.
\CX13.\j\b\i any established and organised group, business or institution.
\Bthe Establishment\j\b\i
an established group having power and status in a community, often considered to be conservative or reactionary.
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\Hestate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large piece of private land, especially in the country.
\CX12.\j\b\i an area of land developed for housing.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a person's possessions, especially those left by a dead person.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person's circumstances or condition in life or society: 'the holy \Iestate\j\b\i of matrimony'.
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\Hestate agent\h
short form of \Breal estate agent\j\b\i
a person who buys and sells houses or land on behalf of other people.
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\Hestate duty\h
See \Jdeath duty\j\b\i.
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\Hesteem\h
\Pverb\p to regard with great respect or favour: 'his work is highly \Iesteemed\j\b\i by the company'.
\Besteem\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a respect or favourable opinion.
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\Hester\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the organic equivalent of an inorganic salt, formed by replacing the hydrogen of an organic acid with an organic radical. Many esters are pleasant-smelling liquids, and are used in artificial flavourings.
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\Hesthetic\h
\Padjective\p See \Jaesthetic\j\b\i.
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\Hestimable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1est\j\b\iimma-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i worthy of esteem or respect.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be estimated. \Bestimably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hestimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1est\j\b\ii-mate \Pverb\p to judge or calculate approximately: 'we \Iestimate\j\b\i the cost to be about $200'.
an approximate opinion, judgement or calculation: 'what is your \Iestimate\j\b\i of his abilities?'.
\Bestimation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of estimating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a judgement or opinion: 'in your \Iestimation\j\b\i, what are the chances of success?'.
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\Hestrange\h
\Pverb\p to turn away or lose the affections, loyalty, etc. of: 'his selfish behaviour \Iestranged\j\b\i his friends'. \Bestrangement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hestuary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1es\j\b\itew-erree \Pnoun\p the place at the wide mouth of a river, where its current meets and is affected by the sea's tides. Latin \Iaestus\j\b\i tide
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\Het cetera\h
\Isay\j\b\i et \CX1sett\j\b\iera short form is \Betc\j\b\i.
and other similar things as well. Latin \Iet\j\b\i and + \Icetera\j\b\i the rest
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\Hetch\h
\Pverb\p to engrave a picture on a metal plate, by scratching the design through a layer of wax, and then letting acid eat into the exposed metal. Compare \Jdry point\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his face was \Ietched\j\b\i in her memory' (= impressed clearly). \Betching\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a design or picture etched on a metal plate. b) the printing of this design.
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\Heternal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1tern\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p lasting for ever, with no beginning or end.
the situation which occurs when one party in a relationship takes a second lover, seen as an event that has occurred throughout history.
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\Heternity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ter\j\b\ina-tee \Pnoun\p a span of time without beginning or end, especially as distinct from mortal life.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it took an \Ieternity\j\b\i for the doctor to arrive' (= seemingly endless time).
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\Hethane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ithane \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, odourless gas (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i), the second member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It is used in making organic compounds.
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\Hethanoic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eth\j\b\i-an-o-ik assid also called \Bascetic acid\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless liquid (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iCOOH), the principal part of vinegar and producing its characteristic smell.
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\Hethene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eth\j\b\i-een \Pnoun\p See \Jethylene\j\b\i.
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\Hether\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\itha \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) any class of organic compounds with the general formula ROR{\f14684 9\j\b\i, where R and R{\f14684 9\j\b\i are any aryl or alkyl radicals. b) diethyl ether, a highly inflammable volatile liquid, used as an anaesthetic and solvent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the heavens or upper regions of space. b) a substance which was believed by 19th-century scientists to fill all space and transmit light, heat, etc. Also spelt \Baether\j\b\i. Greek \Iaither\j\b\i upper air
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\Hethereal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1theer\j\b\iial \Padjective\p also spelt \Baethereal\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i light and delicate.
\CX12.\j\b\i of the heavens or pure upper regions of space. \Bethereally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Betherealise\j\b\i, \Betherealize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hethic\h
\Pnoun\p a principle or rule of right conduct.
\Bethics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a system of rules or principles for behaviour within a group or society, according to which actions are judged.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any science or study of morals and moral standards, especially as a branch of philosophy or law.
\CX13.\j\b\i the rightness or moral quality of an action, etc.
\Bethical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in agreement with accepted principles or rules for right conduct.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to ethics.
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\Hethnic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a particular population having a common language or common racial or cultural origins.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to or characteristic of any racial or cultural group. \Bethnicity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bethnically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iethnos\j\b\i nation
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\Hethnic cleansing\h
the premeditated mass extermination or expulsion of one ethnic group by another.
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\Hethno-\h
a prefix meaning race or nation, as in \Iethnography\j\b\i. Greek \Iethnos\j\b\i a tribe
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\Hethnocentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i ethno-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p tending to believe in the absolute superiority of one's own group or culture and thus despising other groups, etc. \Bethnocentrism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hethnography\h
\Isay\j\b\i eth-\CX1nog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a) the collecting and recording of information about a society or culture. b) a published description based on this field work. \Bethnographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ethna-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Bethnographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bethnographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hethnology\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnthropology:\j\b\i the analytic study of ethnographic information. \Bethnologic\j\b\i, \Bethnological\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bethnologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hethology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the scientific study of the behaviour of animals in relation to their environment.
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\Hethos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\ithos \Pnoun\p the fundamental and distinctive character or spirit of a social group, culture, community, etc. Greek, nature, habits
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\Hethyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eth\j\b\iil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds or radicals containing the univalent C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\i- group. \Bethanol\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (also called \Bethyl alcohol\j\b\i) the alcohol based on the ethyl group, a constituent of alcoholic drinks.
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\Hethylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eth\j\b\iil-een \Pnoun\p also called \Bethene\j\b\i
a colourless inflammable gas (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i), with a sweetish smell. It is the first member of the olefine series and is used as an anaesthetic and in making polythene.
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\Hetiolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eet\j\b\ii-o-late \Pverb\p to turn, or cause to turn, white or pale through lack of light. \Betiolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hetiology\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jaetiology\j\b\i.
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\Hetiquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ett\j\b\ii-ket \Pnoun\p the rules of conduct for a particular group or social situation. French
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\Hetorphine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1et\j\b\i-or-feen \Pnoun\p a drug which dulls the senses and relieves pain, used to immobilise large animals or, in small doses and illegally, to act as a stimulant on some animals.
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\H-ette\h
a suffix indicating: a) something small, as in \Icigarette\j\b\i. b) the feminine form of certain \Pnoun\ps, as in \Iusherette\j\b\i. \B--ette\j\b\i as a feminine ending is thought to have originated in English with \Isuffragette\j\b\i which was introduced in 1906 to refer to a woman fighting for votes for women. \ISuffragette\j\b\i was first used in a derogatory, mocking way by people who were against votes for women.
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\Hetymology\h
\Isay\j\b\i etti-\CX1moll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a) the study of the origin, history and changes of form in a word or words. b) an account of the history of a particular word. \Betymologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Betymological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ettima-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Betymologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Heucalypt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ika-lipt \Pnoun\p any of a large group of native Australian trees, many of which have brightly coloured flowers.
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\Heucalyptus\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooka-\CX1lip\j\b\itus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a eucalypt.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, inflammable oil obtained from the leaves of eucalypts, having a strong distinctive smell and used in medicine. Short form of \Beucalyptus oil\j\b\i. Greek \Ieu\j\b\i well + \Ikalyptos\j\b\i covered (of the bud)
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\HEucharist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ika-rist \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a) any of various services which celebrate the Last Supper. b) the consecrated bread and wine used in this sacrament. \BEucharistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ieukharistos\j\b\i grateful
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\Heuchre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\iker \Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a simplified form of bridge played by two to four players with 32 cards. \Beuchre\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to prevent an opponent from winning a game of euchre, b) to defeat, outwit or ruin.
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\HEuclidean geometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-kliddian jee-\CX1omm\j\b\ia-tree the classical geometry of points, lines, planes and a variety of curves and solids, used to represent physical space. first studied by \IEuclid\j\b\i, a Greek mathematician, in about 300 \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Heugenics\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1jenn\j\b\iiks \Pnoun\p the science of improving the qualities of offspring, e.g. by careful selection of parents, control of genes, etc. \Beugenic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beugenicist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1jenn\j\b\ia-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who advocates eugenics.
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\Heulogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ila-jee \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpanegyric\j\b\i
a) a speech or piece of writing in praise of a person. b) any praise. \Beulogistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoola-\CX1jist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beulogistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beulogise\j\b\i, \Beulogize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to praise highly; \Beulogist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heunuch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-nuk \Pnoun\p a castrated man, especially one formerly used as a harem attendant by oriental rulers. Greek \Ieunouchos\j\b\i chamber attendant
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\Heuphemism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ifa-mizm \Pnoun\p a) the use of a mild or indirect expression instead of one considered likely to offend or upset. b) any expression substituted in this way. \IExample\j\b\i: \Ito pass away\j\b\i is a euphemism for \Ito die\j\b\i. \Beuphemistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoofa-\CX1mis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Beuphemistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1foe\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a brass wind instrument similar to the tuba.
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\Heuphoria\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1faw\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p a feeling of elation or happiness, especially if based on self-delusion. \Beuphoric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1forr\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ieu\j\b\i good + \Iphoros\j\b\i bearing
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\HEurasian\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ray\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p a) of Eurasia, the combined land mass of Europe and Asia. b) (of a person) having one European and one Asian parent. \BEurasian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with one European and one Asian parent.
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\Heureka\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ree\j\b\ika interjection an exclamation of triumph at a discovery. Greek \Iheureka\j\b\i I have found it, attributed to Archimedes when he conceived his Principle, about 260 \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Heurhythmics\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a system of developing grace and rhythm through movements of the body made in response to music. Greek \Ieu\j\b\i good + \Irhythmos\j\b\i rhythm
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\HEuro-\h
a prefix meaning of or relating to Europe, as in \IEurodollar\j\b\i.
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\HEurodollar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\iro dollar \Pnoun\p any currency deposited in banks outside its country of origin and forming a freely convertible currency not subject to national legal restrictions. originally used of American dollars deposited in Europe
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\Heuropium\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ro\j\b\i-pee-um \Pnoun\p element number 63, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\HEustachian tube\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n tube \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two fine tubes connecting the inner ears to the back of the nose and throat, balancing the air-pressure inside and outside the eardrum. after \IB. Eustachio\j\b\i, an Italian anatomist
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\Heuthanasia\h
\Isay\j\b\i yootha-\CX1nay\j\b\izia \Pnoun\p the causing of death painlessly, often by withholding treatment, especially when a person is suffering from an incurable disease. \Beuthanise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ieu\j\b\i good + \Ithanatos\j\b\i death
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\Heutrophy\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to nutrify lakes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to enrich to such an extent that animal life cannot survive. \Beutrophication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevacuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vak\j\b\i-you-ate \Pverb\p to make empty or remove the contents of.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the families were \Ievacuated\j\b\i from the flooded town' (= removed to a safe place).
b) 'the troops \Ievacuated\j\b\i the garrison' (= left, withdrew from). \Bevacuation\j\b\i, \Inoun:\j\b\i \Bevacuee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eevak-yoo-\CX1ee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is evacuated.
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\Hevade\h
\Pverb\p to escape or avoid cleverly: 'the prison escapee \Ievaded\j\b\i capture for many days'.
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\Hevaluate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1val\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p to estimate the number, quantity or value of. \Bevaluation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevanescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i evva-\CX1ness\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p passing away or vanishing. \Bevanescently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevanescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bevanesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to disappear gradually.
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\Hevangelical\h
\Isay\j\b\i eevan-\CX1jell\j\b\iik'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i of or relating to the Gospel.
\CX12.\j\b\i seeking to convert.
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\Hevangelist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1van\j\b\ija-list \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) any of the authors of the four Gospels in the New Testament.
\CX12.\j\b\i any preacher who stresses the necessity for conversion before salvation. \Bevangelism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bevangelise\j\b\i, \Bevangelize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ieu\j\b\i good + \Iangelia\j\b\i news
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\Hevaporate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vapp\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to become or convert into vapour.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove moisture or liquid from so as to dry or concentrate: 'powdered milk has been \Ievaporated\j\b\i'. \Bevaporation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevasion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of evading: '\Ievasion\j\b\i of income tax'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any method used to evade: 'her supposed ignorance was just an \Ievasion\j\b\i'. \Bevasive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vay\j\b\i-siv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, characterised by evasion; \Bevasively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevasiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heve\h
\Pnoun\p the day or evening before an important day or event: 'Christmas \IEve\j\b\i'.
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\Heven\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eev\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no change in level, quality, amount, etc.: 'the cricket pitch is not as \Ieven\j\b\i as it should be'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the picture is \Ieven\j\b\i with the top of the door' (= level, parallel).
b) 'the scores were \Ieven\j\b\i at half-time' (= equal).
c) 'you could hardly say he has an \Ieven\j\b\i temper' (= calm, steady).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i (of a number) having no remainder when divided by two, such as 2, 4, 6, etc.
\Beven\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
a word used to indicate the following:
a) 'their car is \Ieven\j\b\i bigger than ours' (= still).
b) 'she was pleased, \Ieven\j\b\i grateful, that we did not come' (= indeed).
c) '\Ieven\j\b\i if it rains we will still have our picnic' (= notwithstanding).
d)'\Ieven\j\b\i as they watched, the sun sank below the horizon' (= at the same time).
e) 'he forgave \Ieven\j\b\i his enemies' (= unlikely as it may seem).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbreak even\j\b\i, 'this financial year the company \Ibroke even\j\b\i for the first time' (= had credits equal to its losses).
\Beven so\j\b\i, nevertheless.
\Bget even with\j\b\i, 'how can I \Iget even with\j\b\i him for that nasty trick?' (= take revenge on).
\Beven\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become even. \Bevenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heven-handed\h
\Padjective\p just and fair: 'her \Ieven-handed\j\b\i treatment of all the children was highly praised'.
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\Hevening\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eev\j\b\i-ning \Pnoun\p the part of the day between sunset and nightfall.
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\Hevening dress\h
the clothes worn on formal occasions in the evening.
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\Hevening star\h
See \Jvenus\j\b\i.
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\Heven money\h
a winning payment which is the same amount as the money placed on the bet.
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\Hevensong\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) an Anglican service held in the evening.
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\Hevent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vent\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which happens or takes place, especially something important.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i any of the separate competitions in a tournament or program: 'the long jump is the third \Ievent\j\b\i after lunch'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat all events\j\b\i, \Bin any event\j\b\i, '\Iat all events\j\b\i, do not show that you are scared' (= whatever happens).
\Bin the event of\j\b\i, '\Iin the event of\j\b\i you missing the train, I will drive you to the city' (= if it happens that). \Beventful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of events or incidents, especially exciting ones, b) having important consequences; \Beventfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beventfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heventide\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for evening.
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\Heventual\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ven\j\b\i-tew'l \Padjective\p happening finally or in the end: 'what was the \Ieventual\j\b\i outcome of their argument?'. \Beventually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beventuality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heventuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1ven\j\b\i-tew-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to happen or take place: 'we sat waiting for the ghost, but nothing \Ieventuated\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to result: 'if we do that, war may \Ieventuate\j\b\i'. \Beventuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hever\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i always: 'she is \Iever\j\b\i ready to help other people'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at any time: 'have you \Iever\j\b\i seen such a violent storm?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i at all or in any way: 'how \Iever\j\b\i did you get away with it?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i continuously: '\Iever\j\b\i since then they have hated each other'.
\Bever so\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'm \Iever so\j\b\i glad you like it' (= greatly, extremely).
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\Heverglade\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i an area of swampy land with tall grasses.
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\Hevergreen\h
\Pnoun\p a tree or plant which has leaves throughout the year. \Bevergreen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Heverlasting\h
\Padjective\p continuing for ever.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Ieverlasting\j\b\i grumbles make us all angry' (= often repeated).
\Beverlasting\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of plants with paper-like flowers which keep their colour and shape for a long time when dried. Also called an \Bimmortelle\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a time which continues for ever. \Beverlastingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Beverlastingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevermore\h
\Padverb\p for ever.
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\Hevery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ev\j\b\i-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i referring one by one to all separate members of a group: '\Ievery\j\b\i girl in that family has red hair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the greatest possible degree of: 'we wish you \Ievery\j\b\i happiness in your new home'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bevery bit\j\b\i, 'it's \Ievery bit\j\b\i as cold as they predicted' (= equally).
\Bevery other\j\b\i, 'she comes to clean the house \Ievery other\j\b\i week' (= every second).
\Bevery so often\j\b\i, from time to time.
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\Heverybody\h
\Ppronoun\p every person.
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\Heveryday\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i suitable for ordinary occasions: '\Ieveryday\j\b\i clothes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i usual or routine: 'his \Ieveryday\j\b\i business worries vanished during the holiday'.
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\Heveryone\h
\Ppronoun\p every person.
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\Heverything\h
\Ppronoun\p all.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her family is \Ieverything\j\b\i to her' (= most important).
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\Heverywhere\h
\Padverb\p in or to all places.
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\Hevict\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vikt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to expel a tenant. \Beviction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1evv\j\b\ii-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which provides a basis for belief.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was little \Ievidence\j\b\i of suffering in her face' (= sign, indication).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the statements, documents or objects presented in a court to prove disputed facts.
\Bin evidence\j\b\i, 'her talent was very much \Iin evidence\j\b\i during the play' (= plainly seen). \Bevidence\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to show clearly; \Bevidential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i evvi-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving as or based on evidence; \Bevidentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hevident\h
\Padjective\p being clearly seen or understood: 'it was \Ievident\j\b\i that she was not amused'. \Bevidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing injury, damage, etc.: 'smoking is an \Ievil\j\b\i habit'.
\CX13.\j\b\i full of suffering, misfortune or bad luck: 'the war caused \Ievil\j\b\i times'.
\Bevil\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which is evil or causes harm, suffering, etc.: 'the \Ievils\j\b\i of the war would never be forgotten'. \Bevilly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevilness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevil eye\h
a stare believed to have the power to cause bad luck, injury, etc.
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\Hevil-minded\h
\Padjective\p full of malice or evil intentions.
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\Hevince\h
\Pverb\p to indicate or show clearly: 'her slow reply \Ievinced\j\b\i a lack of interest in the discussion'.
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\Heviscerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee\CX1viss\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p a) to remove the intestines or bowels of. b) to remove the important or essential parts of. \Bevisceration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevocative\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1vokk\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p having the power to evoke a response. \Bevocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of evoking or summoning; \Bevocatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevocativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hevoke\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1voke\j\b\i \Pverb\p to call up or produce: 'the song \Ievoked\j\b\i memories of her childhood'. \Bevoke, invoke\j\b\i are often confused. When memories or images are brought to mind the word to use is \Ievoke:\j\b\i 'the smell of wattle blossom \Ievoked\j\b\i images of his uncle's cottage in the mountains'. \IInvoke\j\b\i means to summon or ask earnestly for: 'they attempted to \Iinvoke\j\b\i the spirits with their chants'.
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\Hevolution\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eev\j\b\ia-loo-sh'n \Ior\j\b\i \CX1evv\j\b\ia-loo-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any gradual process of growth or development: 'the \Ievolution\j\b\i of her political ideas was based on her own experiences'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the slow, continuous process of change in the characteristics of organisms from one generation to the next. See \Jdarwinism\j\b\i and \Bnatural selection\j\b\i. \Bevolutionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bevolutionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bevolutionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes in biological evolution. Latin \Ievolutus\j\b\i unrolled
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\Hevolve\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to grow or develop gradually.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to develop by the processes of evolution.
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\Hewe\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo \Pnoun\p a female sheep.
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\Hewer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a large jug with a wide spout, especially one holding water for washing.
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\Hex-\h
a prefix meaning: a) out of or away from, as in \Iexpel\j\b\i; b) thoroughly, as in \Iexasperate\j\b\i; c) former, as in \Iex-husband\j\b\i. Latin and Greek
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\Hexacerbate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zass\j\b\ia-bate \Pverb\p to intensify or make worse: 'tension between the countries was \Iexacerbated\j\b\i by a broken agreement'. \Bexacerbation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexact\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zakt\j\b\i \Padjective\p being precisely correct or accurate: 'what is the \Iexact\j\b\i time?'.
\Bexact\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to demand or require: 'this job \Iexacts\j\b\i the utmost attention to detail'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to force or compel the payment, performance, etc., of: a) 'to \Iexact\j\b\i tribute'; b) 'to \Iexact\j\b\i obedience'.
\Bexacting\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having strict demands or requirements: 'she is an \Iexacting\j\b\i teacher'.
\Bexactly\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in an exact manner: 'it is important to measure the ingredients \Iexactly\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i completely: 'you may do \Iexactly\j\b\i as you please'. \Bexactness\j\b\i, \Bexactitude\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zak\j\b\iti-tewd), \Inouns\j\b\i, the quality of being exact; \Bexactingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexactingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexaggerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zaj\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to represent something beyond its true limits, value or size.
\Bexaggeration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of exaggerating. b) a statement which exaggerates: 'I think her description of the argument was an \Iexaggeration\j\b\i'. \Bexaggerator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zolt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lift or raise in rank, quality, honour, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to praise highly.
\CX13.\j\b\i to elate or excite. \Bexaltation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of exalting, b) a rapture or excitement, often unnatural.
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\Hexam\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an examination.
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\Hexamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zamm\j\b\iin \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to inspect or test carefully.
\CX12.\j\b\i to test the knowledge, qualifications, etc. of a person by questions or exercises.
\Bexamination\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of examining.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written or oral test of a person's understanding and knowledge of a subject. \Bexaminee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is examined; \Bexaminer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who examines.
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\Hexample\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zahm\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is seen to represent the qualities of other things in its group or kind: 'this house is a good \Iexample\j\b\i of Victorian architecture'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something to be learnt from: 'let her success be an \Iexample\j\b\i to you'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a problem or exercise used to illustrate a general principle or set of rules. Latin \Iexemplum\j\b\i a sample
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\Hexasperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zah\j\b\ispa-rate \Pverb\p to irritate or provoke intensely: 'we were \Iexasperated\j\b\i at missing the second bus in a row'. \Bexasperatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexasperatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a manner which exasperates; \Bexasperation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexcavate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\i-k'vate \Pverb\p a) to form a hole by digging. b) to uncover by digging: 'several ancient, glazed bowls were \Iexcavated\j\b\i at the building site'.
\Bexcavation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of excavating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hole or site being excavated: 'an archaeological \Iexcavation\j\b\i'. \Bexcavator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that excavates.
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\Hexceed\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to go beyond the fixed or expected limits of: 'the success of the party far \Iexceeded\j\b\i our hopes'. \Bexceeding\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, great or extreme; \Bexceeding\j\b\i, \Bexceedingly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, extremely.
to be unusually talented or better than others: 'she \Iexcels\j\b\i in all the science subjects'.
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\Hexcellence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isa-l'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the quality of excelling. b) a superior or excellent quality: 'the \Iexcellence\j\b\i of the local hotel surprised many international tourists'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) Excellency.
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\HExcellency\h
\Pnoun\p also called \BExcellence\j\b\i
a form of address used to address certain officials, such as governors, ambassadors, etc.
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\Hexcellent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isa-l'nt \Padjective\p having superior merit: 'the restaurant's \Iexcellent\j\b\i wines compensate for its mediocre food'. \Bexcellently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexcept\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1sept\j\b\i preposition with the exception of: 'I like all card games \Iexcept\j\b\i bridge'.
\Bexcept\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
with the exception: 'they look alike, \Iexcept\j\b\i that he is taller than she is'.
\Bexcept\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to leave out.
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\Hexception\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of leaving out or excluding.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is left out of or does not conform to a general rule, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i an opposition or objection: 'we all took \Iexception\j\b\i to her unfair criticism'. \Bexceptionable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, open to exception or objection; \Bexceptional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unusual or extraordinary; \Bexceptionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexcerpt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\i-serpt \Pnoun\p an extract from a book, speech, etc. \Bexcerpt\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1serpt\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexcess\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1sess\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the condition or fact of exceeding what is usual, necessary or approved: 'avoid \Iexcess\j\b\i in all things'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an extreme or unrestrained quantity, degree, extent, etc.: 'an \Iexcess\j\b\i of enthusiasm'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the amount by which one thing exceeds another: 'an \Iexcess\j\b\i of credits over debits'. b) an amount which is left over or greater than is necessary or wanted: 'an \Iexcess\j\b\i of dairy products'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IInsurance:\j\b\i a stated amount of money which must be paid by an insured person before a claim may be made on a policy. \Bexcess\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, more than is usual, necessary or approved.
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\Hexcessive\h
\Padjective\p extreme or beyond the usual limit: 'your plumpness is due to \Iexcessive\j\b\i eating'. \Bexcessively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexcessiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexchange\h
\Pverb\p to give or receive something in return for another: 'the family \Iexchanged\j\b\i gifts on Christmas Day'.
\Bexchange\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of exchanging: 'their \Iexchange\j\b\i of angry words was heard by all the neighbours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is exchanged for something else.
\CX13.\j\b\i a central office or building which connects and controls: 'a telephone \Iexchange\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a place for buying, selling or exchanging goods, especially securities, shares, etc.: 'a stock \Iexchange\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i the changing of money from the currency of one country to the currency of another, e.g. changing pounds sterling to dollars. \Bexchangeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be exchanged or returned.
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\Hexchange rate\h
See \Jrate of exchange\j\b\i.
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\Hexchequer\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1chekk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) the treasury of a country, state or organisation.
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\Hexcise (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\i-size \Pnoun\p a) a tax on the production, sale, etc. of certain goods, such as tobacco. b) (\Icapital\j\b\i) a public service department which organises and collects such taxes.
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\Hexcise (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1size\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cut out or off: 'the censor \Iexcised\j\b\i several passages from the book'. \Bexcision\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i eksie-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of exciting. b) anything which excites.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the addition of energy to a nucleus, atom or molecule.
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\Hexcite\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1site\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to arouse, stir or stimulate, especially to interest or action: 'she was \Iexcited\j\b\i about her recent holiday in Asia'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i to add energy to a nucleus, atom or molecule.
\Bexcitement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being excited.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which excites: 'their first visit to the airport was a great \Iexcitement\j\b\i for the children'. \Bexcitingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexclaim\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1klame\j\b\i \Pverb\p to speak out suddenly and loudly, as from surprise or pain. \Bexclamation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cry or other loud expression; \Bexclamatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1klamm\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, using or expressing an exclamation.
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\Hexclamation mark\h
a punctuation mark (!), used to indicate strong emphasis. \IExample\j\b\i: 'stop thief!'.
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\Hexclude\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1klood\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to leave out: 'I haven't \Iexcluded\j\b\i that possibility entirely'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prevent: 'she was \Iexcluded\j\b\i from membership'. \Bexclusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kloo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of excluding.
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\Hexclusive\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kloo\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i belonging solely to a single individual, group, source, etc.: a) 'we have \Iexclusive\j\b\i rights to the book'; b) 'an \Iexclusive\j\b\i interview with Mae West'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he belongs to an \Iexclusive\j\b\i golf club' (= fashionable, select).
b) 'I must ask for your \Iexclusive\j\b\i attention during the lecture' (= whole, undivided).
\CX13.\j\b\i not including: 'this is the estimated price, \Iexclusive\j\b\i of delivery costs'. \Bexclusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexclusiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexclusive economic zone\h
the zone extending 200 nautical miles seaward over whose economic resources a country has exclusive control.
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\Hexcommunicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-k'\CX1mew\j\b\ini-kate \Pverb\p \IReligion:\j\b\i to cut off from membership of a church. \Bexcommunication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexcommunicate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexcrement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ikra-m'nt \Pnoun\p any waste matter expelled by an organism, especially faeces. \Bexcremental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexcrescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kress\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p any additional growth or outgrowth, especially an abnormal one.
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\Hexcrete\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kreet\j\b\i \Pverb\p to discharge or expel from a body, especially harmful or waste matter.
\Bexcreta\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
any matter, such as sweat, which is excreted from a body. \Bexcretion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of excreting, b) anything which is excreted; \Bexcretory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexcruciating\h
\Isay\j\b\i ek-\CX1skroo\j\b\i-shee-ayting \Padjective\p causing intense pain or suffering: 'the doctors could provide no relief for his \Iexcruciating\j\b\i pain'. \Bexcruciatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iexcruciare\j\b\i to torture
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\Hexculpate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\i-kul-pate \Pverb\p to free from blame or guilt. \Bexculpation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexculpatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kul\j\b\ipa-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Iculpa\j\b\i blame
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\Hexcursion\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ker\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short trip or outing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deviation or digression. \Bexcursive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to ramble or wander. Latin \Iexcursio\j\b\i a running out
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\Hexcuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to forgive or overlook a fault, etc.: 'please \Iexcuse\j\b\i me for being so late'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his unhappiness does not \Iexcuse\j\b\i his rudeness' (= justify).
\CX12.\j\b\i to seek pardon or forgiveness: 'she \Iexcused\j\b\i herself for being so late'.
\Bexcuse from\j\b\i, a) 'she was \Iexcused from\j\b\i the room' (= allowed to leave); b) 'we were \Iexcused from\j\b\i the meeting' (= given permission not to attend).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is a poor \Iexcuse\j\b\i for a coat' (= example). \Bexcusable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthy of being excused.
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\Hexeat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isi-at \Pnoun\p permission to leave, especially for a brief absence from school. Latin, let him go out
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\Hexecrable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\iikra-b'l \Padjective\p very bad or detestable: 'his dirty jokes are in \Iexecrable\j\b\i taste'. \Bexecrably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexecrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isi-krate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to denounce violently or curse: 'the bishop \Iexecrated\j\b\i all such abominable practices'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to detest. \Bexecration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of denouncing or cursing, b) a curse, c) extreme loathing.
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\Hexecute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isi-kewt \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to do, accomplish or perform: 'the diver \Iexecuted\j\b\i a perfect somersault in midair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put to death as legal punishment.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to carry out the terms of a will, etc.
\Bexecution\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the carrying out of a task: 'he was praised for his prompt \Iexecution\j\b\i of the command'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the putting to death of a convicted criminal. \Bexecutioner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a public official appointed to perform the punishment of execution.
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\Hexecutive\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zek\j\b\i-yoo-tiv \Padjective\p having authority or power to decide, direct or administer: 'the company has promoted her to an \Iexecutive\j\b\i position'.
\Bexecutive\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person with administrative power, e.g. in a company.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of an organisation which puts policies into effect, such as the Cabinet in a government.
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\Hexecutor\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zek\j\b\i-yoota \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a person appointed to carry out the instructions in a will. \Bexecutorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i egzek-yoo-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bexecutorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexecutrix\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zek\j\b\i-yoo-triks), \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of executor.
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\Hexegesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i eksi-\CX1jee\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bexegeses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eksi-\CX1jee\j\b\i-seez)
a detailed or critical interpretation. \Bexegetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eksi-\CX1jett\j\b\iik), \Bexegetical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexemplar\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zem\j\b\ipla \Pnoun\p a typical example or model, especially an original form.
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\Hexemplary\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zem\j\b\ipla-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i serving as a model or example worthy of imitation: 'the lifesaver won a medal for \Iexemplary\j\b\i bravery'.
\CX12.\j\b\i serving as a warning: 'an \Iexemplary\j\b\i punishment'.
a) to illustrate by using examples. b) to be an example of: 'her large donation \Iexemplifies\j\b\iher generosity'. \Bexemplification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexempt\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zempt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to free or release from a duty, obligation, etc.: 'he was \Iexempted\j\b\i from military service because of his religious beliefs'. \Bexempt\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bexemption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexercise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isa-size \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any activity performed as a means of training, physical conditioning, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any lesson, problem, etc. designed to train some particular function or skill: 'maths \Iexercises\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a putting into action or effect: 'in the \Iexercise\j\b\i of her duties the judge was always impartial'.
\Bexercise\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put through practice or exercises in order to train, improve, etc.: 'she \Iexercised\j\b\i the horse for several hours before the competition'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I must \Iexercise\j\b\i my powers as chairperson and close the meeting' (= put into effect or use).
b) 'those boys \Iexercise\j\b\i too much influence over the class' (= exert).
c) 'he \Iexercised\j\b\i all his duties most successfully' (= performed).
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\Hexert\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to apply or put into force: 'the community \Iexerted\j\b\i pressure on the local council'. \Bexertion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any vigorous effort or action. Latin \Iexsertus\j\b\i put forth
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\Hexhale\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1hale\j\b\i \Pverb\p to breathe out or give off. \Bexhalation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eksa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of exhaling, b) something which is exhaled.
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\Hexhaust\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zawst\j\b\i \Pverb\p to use up or drain completely: 'they \Iexhausted\j\b\i the supply of drink'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the athlete was \Iexhausted\j\b\i by the race' (= drained of strength).
b) 'we had \Iexhausted\j\b\i the topic of our holiday and began to talk of other things' (= discussed thoroughly).
\Bexhaust\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the hot gases which are discharged from an internal combustion engine. b) the pipe or other outlet through which the hot gases are discharged.
\Bexhaustion\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of exhausting: 'the \Iexhaustion\j\b\i of our supplies did not take long'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being exhausted: 'to suffer from \Iexhaustion\j\b\i'.
\Bexhaustive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
extremely thorough: 'an \Iexhaustive\j\b\i inquiry into the murder will take many months'. \Bexhaustively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexhaustiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexhaustible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be exhausted.
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\Hexhibit\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zibb\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to show or display: 'the artist has \Iexhibited\j\b\i works throughout Europe as well as Australia'.
\Bexhibit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any object or collection of objects which are exhibited. \Bexhibitor\j\b\i, \Bexhibiter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who exhibits.
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\Hexhibition\h
\Isay\j\b\i eksi-\CX1bish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public show or display: 'an art \Iexhibition\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an award given to the top student in a particular subject at the end of a secondary or tertiary course.
\Bmake an exhibition of oneself\j\b\i, to act in a foolish or ridiculous way.
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\Hexhibitionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i eksi-\CX1bish\j\b\i'n-ist \Pnoun\p a person who behaves and acts so as to attract attention. \Bexhibitionism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexhilarate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zill\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to make lively or cheerful: 'we were all \Iexhilarated\j\b\i by the sea air'. \Bexhilaratingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexhilaration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexhort\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zort\j\b\i \Pverb\p to urge or request earnestly.
\Bexhortation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of exhorting. b) any sincere request or persuasion. \Bexhortatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i egzor-\CX1tay\j\b\ita-ree), \Bexhortative\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hexhume\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1yoom\j\b\i \Pverb\p to disinter, especially a body. \Bexhumation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Ihumus\j\b\i ground
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\Hexigency\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ij\j\b\i'n-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) urgency. b) an emergency or urgent situation.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the demands or requirements of a particular occasion or situation. Latin \Iexigens\j\b\i exacting (payment)
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\Hexile\h
\Pnoun\p a) a long absence from one's home or country, often imposed as a punishment. b) a person separated from his or her home or country in this way. \Bexile\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Isolum\j\b\i soil, country
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\Hexist\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to have life or reality: 'does God \Iexist\j\b\i?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this species \Iexists\j\b\i only in the mountainous regions of South America' (= occurs).
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\Hexistence\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zist\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state or fact of existing or being: 'I don't believe in the \Iexistence\j\b\i of ghosts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a way of being or living: 'he lives the lonely \Iexistence\j\b\i of a friendless old man'. \Bexistent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having existence or reality.
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\Hexistentialism\h
\Isay\j\b\i egzi-\CX1sten\j\b\isha-lizm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i any of various systems of thought emphasising the loneliness of the individual, and his or her freedom and sole responsibility in making personal choices. \Bexistentialist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexistential\j\b\i, \Bexistentialist\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hexit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a way out.
\CX12.\j\b\i a departure or going out, such as an actor's departure from the stage.
\Bexit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to go out. Latin, he goes out
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\Hexodus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isa-dus \Pnoun\p the departure of a large number of people. Greek, a going out
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\Hex-officio\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-o-\CX1fish\j\b\iio \Padjective\p because of one's office or position. Latin
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\Hexonerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zonn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to set free from blame or responsibility. \Bexoneration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexorbitant\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zor\j\b\ibi-t'nt \Padjective\p too great or extreme: 'the \Iexorbitant\j\b\i price of meat'. \Bexorbitantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Iorbita\j\b\i a rut
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\Hexorcise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ek\j\b\isor-size \Pverb\p exorcize to drive out an evil spirit by religious ceremonies.
a) the act of exorcising. b) the words or ceremony used. \Bexorcist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who exorcises.
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\Hexoskeleton\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekso-\CX1skell\j\b\ii-t'n \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a protective, usually hard, outer covering, such as the shell of a tortoise, etc.
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\Hexothermic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekso-\CX1ther\j\b\imik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to a chemical reaction in which heat is produced: 'burning is an \Iexothermic\j\b\i reaction'. Compare \Jendothermic\j\b\i.
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\Hexotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i foreign or introduced from another country.
\CX12.\j\b\i strikingly different or fascinating. \Bexotic\j\b\i, \Bexotica\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bexotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iexotikos\j\b\i foreign
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\Hexpand\h
\Pverb\p to make or become larger: 'the company \Iexpanded\j\b\i its staff to cope with all the work'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please \Iexpand\j\b\i your story so that it makes sense' (= express in more detail).
b) 'his face \Iexpanded\j\b\i into a broad, welcoming smile' (= spread).
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\Hexpanse\h
\Pnoun\p a large or widespread area.
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\Hexpansion\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pan\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of expanding or enlarging. b) the amount by which something is expanded. c) any expanded or enlarged part.
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\Hexpansive\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a wide range or extent: 'the \Iexpansive\j\b\i deserts of Africa'.
\CX12.\j\b\i free or open: 'her \Iexpansive\j\b\i manner makes all guests feel welcome'.
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\Hexpatiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pay\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p to speak or write more fully: 'he \Iexpatiated\j\b\i on that theme for several hours'.
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\Hexpatriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pat\j\b\iri-it \Pnoun\p a person living outside his or her native country. \Bexpatriate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pat\j\b\iri-ate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to leave or be forced to leave one's native country; \Bexpatriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Ipatria\j\b\i native land
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\Hexpect\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to believe that a particular thing will take place: 'we \Iexpect\j\b\i him to come before lunch'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to suppose or presume: 'I \Iexpect\j\b\i that you are right'.
\Bexpectant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
full of anticipation: 'an \Iexpectant\j\b\i silence filled the theatre'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or state of expecting: 'we waited eagerly in \Iexpectation\j\b\i of a delicious dinner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is expected: 'the concert did not live up to our \Iexpectations\j\b\i'.
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\Hexpectorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pek\j\b\ita-rate \Pverb\p to cough or spit in order to remove matter from the lungs or throat. \Bexpectoration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexpectorant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a medicine which causes a person to expectorate.
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\Hexpedient\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pee\j\b\idi'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i suitable or advisable under the circumstances: 'it is \Iexpedient\j\b\i to work near home'.
\CX12.\j\b\i serving one's interest or advantage, rather than what is right: 'though he knew his client was guilty, it was \Iexpedient\j\b\i for the lawyer to win the case'. \Bexpedient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which is expedient; \Bexpediently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexpediency\j\b\i, \Bexpedience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being expedient.
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\Hexpedite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ipa-dite \Pverb\p to hasten the progress of. \Bexpeditious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekspa-\CX1dish\j\b\ius), \Iadjective\j\b\i, quick or prompt; \Bexpeditiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iexpedire\j\b\i to extricate
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\Hexpedition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekspa-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a trip made for a special purpose, such as to explore. b) the people on such a trip.
\CX12.\j\b\i a promptness in accomplishing something. \Bexpeditionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to an expedition.
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\Hexpel\h
\Pverb\p (\Bexpelled\j\b\i, \Bexpelling\j\b\i)
to force or drive out.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'John was \Iexpelled\j\b\i from school for smoking in class' (= forced to leave permanently). \Bexpulsion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexpulsive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to expel.
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\Hexpend\h
\Pverb\p to use up or spend.
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\Hexpendable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i capable of being expended.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be sacrificed to achieve an aim.
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\Hexpenditure\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pen\j\b\idi-cher \Pnoun\p a) the act of expending. b) the amount which is expended.
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\Hexpense\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the expenditure.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the money spent, needed or provided for a particular purpose: 'travelling \Iexpenses\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'running a car is a great \Iexpense\j\b\i' (= cause of expenditure).
\Bat the expense of\j\b\i, at the cost of.
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\Hexpense account\h
a list of expenses incurred by an employee, such as hotel bills when travelling, paid by an employer as well as the usual salary or claimed as a tax deduction.
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\Hexpensive\h
\Padjective\p very costly. \Bexpensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexpensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexperience\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1peer\j\b\ii'nce \Pnoun\p a) any event or circumstance which one has lived through, encountered or observed. b) any skill or knowledge gained in such circumstances. \Bexperience\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bexperiential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-peeri-\CX1en\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or derived from experience.
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\Hexperiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1perr\j\b\ii-m'nt \Pnoun\p a test to show a known truth, examine a hypothesis or discover something unknown. \Bexperiment\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bexperimental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bexperimentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexperimentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the process of making experiments; \Bexperimenter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who experiments.
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\Hexpert\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has special knowledge or training. \Bexpert\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bexpertly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexpertise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eksper-\CX1teez\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the skill or knowledge of an expert.
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\Hexpiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ipi-ate \Pverb\p to make amends for. \Bexpiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexpiatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able or intended to make amends.
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\Hexpire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to come to an end: 'the contract \Iexpired\j\b\i last week'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the old man \Iexpired\j\b\i in his home' (= died).
\Pverb\p to make clear and understandable: 'he \Iexplained\j\b\i the meaning of the poem'. \Bexplanation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekspla-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexplanatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1plann\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to explain; \Bexplicable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be explained.
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\Hexpletive\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1plee\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p an exclamation, usually an oath.
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\Hexplication\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekspli-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an explanation or interpretation of a piece of writing. \Bexplicate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexplicit\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pliss\j\b\iit \Padjective\p being clearly and precisely expressed. \Bexplicitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bexplicit, implicit\j\b\i. If something is \Iexplicit\j\b\i it is shown in clear detail, leaving no room for vagueness: 'she gave \Iexplicit\j\b\i instructions, so we all knew exactly what to do'; whereas if something is \Iimplicit\j\b\i it is understood by being suggested or hinted at: 'while he didn't actually say anything, the \Iimplicit\j\b\i threat was there nevertheless'.
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\Hexplode\h
\Pverb\p See \Jexplosion\j\b\i.
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\Hexploit (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\i-ployt \Pnoun\p a notable act.
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\Hexploit (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ployt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to use for profit or personal gain. \Bexploitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of exploiting; \Bexploiter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexploitative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ploy\j\b\ita-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to exploit; \Bexploitable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexplore\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to travel for the purpose of discovery.
\CX12.\j\b\i to examine closely: 'we \Iexplored\j\b\i all possibilities before reaching a decision'. \Bexplorer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who explores; \Bexploration\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekspla-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexploratory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1plorr\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexplosion\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1plo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a violent and rapid release of energy. b) the loud sound accompanying this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden outburst, increase, etc.: 'a population \Iexplosion\j\b\i'. \Bexplode\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexplosive\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1plo\j\b\i-siv \Padjective\p a) of or relating to an explosion. b) tending to explode.
\Bexplosive\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a substance capable of undergoing rapid chemical change, producing enormous quantities of gas relative to the volume of substance. \Bexplosively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexpo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\i-po \Pnoun\p See \Jexposition\j\b\i.
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\Hexponent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who expounds, explains or interprets.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who represents or symbolises something: 'I am an \Iexponent\j\b\i of the free enterprise system'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a symbol placed above and to the right of a number, indicating the power to which it is to be raised, as the 2 in \Ix\j\b\i{\up6 2\j\b\i. Also called an \Bindex\j\b\i or a \Bpower\j\b\i.
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\Hexponential\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekspa-\CX1nen\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to an exponent, especially of the constant \Ie\j\b\i (2.71828...).
\CX12.\j\b\i increasing more and more rapidly.
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\Hexport\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to send goods to another country.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to transfer information such as text or graphics from one program or system to another. Compare \Jimport\j\b\i.
\Bexport\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of exporting. b) anything which is exported. \Bexporter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who exports; \Bexportation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexportable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be exported.
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\Hexpose\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to uncover, lay open or reveal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i to subject a film, etc. to the action of light.
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\HexposΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1po\j\b\i-zay \Pnoun\p a public exposure, expecially of something discreditable.
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\Hexposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekspa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a detailed explanation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a public exhibition. Short form is \Bexpo\j\b\i. \Bexpository\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pozz\j\b\ii-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to explain. French, exhibition
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\Hexpostulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1poss\j\b\i-tew-late \Pverb\p to remonstrate or protest. \Bexpostulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexpostulatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hexposure\h
\Isay\j\b\i ex-\CX1po\j\b\i\Izh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of exposing: 'we delighted in the \Iexposure\j\b\i of the plot'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the effects of being exposed, especially to the weather: 'the lost child was found alive but suffering from \Iexposure\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a position in relation to direction or weather: 'the house has a northern \Iexposure\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i the length of time the film, etc. is exposed to light.
\Bexposure meter\j\b\i
also called a \Blight meter\j\b\i
\IPhotography:\j\b\i an instrument in or for a camera which indicates the setting of the diaphragm and shutter, to allow the film to be correctly exposed to the light.
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\Hexpound\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to state in detail.
\CX12.\j\b\i to explain. \Bexpounder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexpress\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to show or reveal, usually by putting into words: 'he has difficulty in \Iexpressing\j\b\i his feelings'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iexpress\j\b\i this fraction as a decimal' (= represent).
\CX12.\j\b\i to send fast or by special delivery.
\CX13.\j\b\i to press: 'to make wine one must \Iexpress\j\b\i the juice from grapes'.
\Bexpress\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i definite or explicit: 'the money is set aside for an \Iexpress\j\b\i purpose, so we must not spend it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i fast: 'an \Iexpress\j\b\i train'.
\Bexpress\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a fast train.
\CX12.\j\b\i a speedy system of sending money, parcels, etc. \Bexpress\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, fast; \Bexpressly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, explicitly; \Bexpressible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be put into words. Latin \Iexpressus\j\b\i pressed out
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\Hexpression\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of expressing: 'an \Iexpression\j\b\i of opinion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an indication of feeling, as on the face, in the voice, etc.: 'even before he spoke his sad \Iexpression\j\b\i told us something was wrong'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a symbol, or collection of symbols, used to represent a quantity.
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\Hexpressionism\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n-izm \Pnoun\p a style of painting using simple exaggeration and distortions of line and colour to achieve emotional impact. \Bexpressionist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexpressive\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i serving to express.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of expression or feeling: 'an \Iexpressive\j\b\i face'. \Bexpressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexpressiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexpressway\h
\Pnoun\p a freeway or motorway.
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\Hexpropriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pro\j\b\i-pree-ate \Pverb\p to take or acquire from another, e.g. for public use: 'the police \Iexpropriated\j\b\i his house during the flood and used it as a soup kitchen'. \Bexpropriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexpropriator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who expropriates.
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\Hexpulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p See \Jexpel\j\b\i.
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\Hexpunge\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1punj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to rub out or erase.
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\Hexpurgate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ipa-gate \Pverb\p to amend by removing offensive parts, such as obscene passages in a book. \Bexpurgation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexquisite\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1kwizz\j\b\iit \Ior\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\i-kwizzit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having great beauty or excellence.
\CX12.\j\b\i intense or keen: '\Iexquisite\j\b\i pleasure'. \Bexquisitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexquisiteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iexquisitus\j\b\i sought out
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\Hextant\h
\Padjective\p still existing.
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\Hextemporaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-tempa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p impromptu or without preparation: 'an \Iextemporaneous\j\b\i speech'. \Bextempore\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1temp\j\b\ia-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bextemporise\j\b\i, \Bextemporize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to do something impromptu; \Bextemporaneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iex tempore\j\b\i on the spur of the moment
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\Hextend\h
\Pverb\p to spread or stretch out: 'the hills seemed to \Iextend\j\b\i for ever'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she had to \Iextend\j\b\i herself to finish the race' (= exert).
b) 'they \Iextended\j\b\i their hospitality to the wounded traveller' (= offered).
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\Hextended play\h
short form is \BE.P\j\b\i.
\IAudio:\j\b\i a 45 r.p.m. single record with extra grooves to extend its playing time. Compare \Jsingle\j\b\i and \Blong play\j\b\i.
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\Hextension\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of extending. b) the state of being extended.
\CX12.\j\b\i an additional part or facility: a) 'we built an \Iextension\j\b\i to the house'; b) 'our telephone has an \Iextension\j\b\i upstairs'. \Bex-\j\b\i + Latin \Itensus\j\b\i stretched
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\Hextensive\h
\Padjective\p large or widespread: 'an \Iextensive\j\b\i search was made for the missing child'. \Bextensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hextent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the range or scope of anything: 'the \Iextent\j\b\i of his power is limited by the government'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a length, area or volume of something: 'an \Iextent\j\b\i of land by the river'.
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\Hextenuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ten\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p to make a fault, crime, etc. appear less serious: 'nothing can \Iextenuate\j\b\i his terrible behaviour'. \Bextenuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iextenuatus\j\b\i made thin
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\Hexterior\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1teer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p outside: a) '\Iexterior\j\b\i decoration'; b) '\Iexterior\j\b\i influences'.
\Bexterior\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the outer surface or view: 'the \Iexterior\j\b\i of the house is in bad repair'. Latin, outer
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\Hexterminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1term\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to destroy completely: 'poison has \Iexterminated\j\b\i thousands of rabbits'. \Bextermination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of exterminating; \Bexterminator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iexterminare\j\b\i to expel outside the boundaries
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\Hexternal\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the outside or outer part: a) 'the \Iexternal\j\b\i appearance is good'; b) 'he has been subject to \Iexternal\j\b\i pressures'; c) '\Iexternal\j\b\i students study by correspondence'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'who is in charge of \Iexternal\j\b\i affairs?' (= foreign). \Bexternals\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, any non-essential or superficial aspects, circumstances, etc.; \Bexternally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bexternalise\j\b\i, \Bexternalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or treat as external.
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\Hextinct\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i no longer in existence: 'dinosaurs are now \Iextinct\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a volcano) no longer capable of erupting. Compare \Jdormant\j\b\i. \Bextinction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextinguish\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1ting\j\b\i-wish \Pverb\p to put out or bring to an end: a) 'we \Iextinguished\j\b\i the fire'; b) 'all hope was \Iextinguished\j\b\i when the crashed plane was found'.
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\Hextinguisher\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bfire-extinguisher\j\b\i
any of various portable appliances which spray liquid or foam under pressure, used to put out fires.
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\Hextirpate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\ita-pate \Pverb\p to destroy completely: 'he hoped to \Iextirpate\j\b\i social injustices'. \Bextirpation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextol\h
\Pverb\p (\Bextolled\j\b\i, \Bextolling\j\b\i)
to praise highly: 'he \Iextolled\j\b\i the virtues of hard work'.
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\Hextort\h
\Pverb\p to obtain money, information, etc. by the use of threats or violence.
\Bextortion\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of extorting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the crime of using one's position to obtain money, etc. to which one is not entitled. \Bextortionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bextortionate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hextra\h
\Padjective\p more than is usual or necessary: 'the employees asked for an \Iextra\j\b\i $45 a week'.
\Bextra\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is additional.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the newspaper put out an \Iextra\j\b\i to cover the murder story' (= special edition).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilms:\j\b\i a person hired for a very small part, such as a member of a large crowd.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i See \Jsundry\j\b\i. \Bextra\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hextra-\h
a prefix meaning outside or beyond, as in \Iextraordinary\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hextract\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1trakt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get out with difficulty or by force: a) 'the dentist \Iextracted\j\b\i the tooth'; b) 'the police \Iextracted\j\b\i information from the suspect'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to obtain or derive: 'he \Iextracts\j\b\i great pleasure from reading'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an essence. \Bextractor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that extracts. Latin \Iextractus\j\b\i pulled out
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\Hextraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1trak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of extracting. b) the state of being extracted.
\CX12.\j\b\i descent or lineage: 'she is of Russian \Iextraction\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the separation of a part from a mixture usually by using a solvent which selectively dissolves the required part.
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\Hextracurricular\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekstra-kur\CX1rik\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p outside the usual curriculum.
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\Hextradite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\itra-dite \Pverb\p to hand over a criminal to another country or authority. \Bextradition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekstra-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextramural\h
\Isay\j\b\i ekstra-\CX1mew\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p (of university studies) for non-resident students. Latin \Iextra muros\j\b\i outside the walls
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\Hextraneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ex-\CX1tray\j\b\inee-us \Padjective\p not relevant or essential. \Bextraneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bextraneousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextraordinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1trord\j\b\i'n-ree \Padjective\p unusual or remarkable. \Bextraordinarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hextrapolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1trapp\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to estimate an unknown quantity by projecting from the basis of what is already known. Compare \Jinterpolate\j\b\i. \Bextrapolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextrasensory\h
\Padjective\p beyond the range of normal senses.
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\Hextrasensory perception\h
any knowledge or experience gained without the use of normal senses, e.g. by clairvoyance.
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\Hextravagant\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1travv\j\b\ia-g'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wasteful, especially with money.
\CX12.\j\b\i exceeding reasonable limits: a) '\Iextravagant\j\b\i praise'; b) '\Iextravagant\j\b\i prices'. \Bextravagantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bextravagance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextravaganza\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-travva-\CX1gan\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p an elaborate, spectacular entertainment. Italian
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\Hextravert\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jextrovert\j\b\i.
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\Hextreme\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of the highest degree: 'we did not realise we were in \Iextreme\j\b\i danger'.
\CX12.\j\b\i going beyond the usual limits: 'an \Iextreme\j\b\i fashion'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iextreme\j\b\i edge of the paddock' (= outermost). \Bextreme\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the highest degree, b) the utmost length; \Bextremely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, very. Latin \Iextremus\j\b\i outermost
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\Hextreme unction\h
\IReligion:\j\b\i See \Junction\j\b\i.
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\Hextremist\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1tree\j\b\imist \Pnoun\p a person who goes to extremes, especially in politics. \Bextremism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextremity\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1tremm\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the extreme part or end of anything.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the ends of the limbs.
\CX13.\j\b\i an extreme degree: 'the \Iextremity\j\b\i of joy'.
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\Hextricate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eks\j\b\itri-kate \Pverb\p to free from difficulty or entanglement: 'she \Iextricated\j\b\i the animal from the trap'. \Bextrication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bextricable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hextrinsic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1trin\j\b\izik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not essential or inherent. Compare \Jintrinsic\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i external. \Bextrinsically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iextrinsecus\j\b\i from outside
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\Hextrovert\h
\Pnoun\p extravert \IPsychology:\j\b\i a) a person whose thoughts and interests are chiefly directed to the outside world. b) a lively person who is interested in other people. Compare \Jintrovert\j\b\i. \Bextroversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ekstra-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hextrude\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to force or push out.
\CX12.\j\b\i to shape metal, plastic, etc. by forcing it through a die. \Bextrusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eks-\CX1troo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hexuberant\h
\Isay\j\b\i eg-\CX1zoo\j\b\iba-r'nt \Padjective\p unrestrained and vigorous. \Bexuberance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bexuberantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hexude\h
\Isay\j\b\i egz-\CX1yood\j\b\i \Pverb\p to ooze: 'gum \Iexuded\j\b\i from the cut branch of the tree'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iexudes\j\b\i confidence' (= has an air of). \Bexudation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of exuding, b) something which is exuded. Latin \Iexudare\j\b\i to sweat out
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\Hexult\h
\Pverb\p to rejoice greatly: 'the prince \Iexulted\j\b\i in his army's victory'. \Bexultant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bexultation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Heye\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the organ of sight.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, function, etc. of an eye: a) 'the \Ieye\j\b\i of a needle'; b) 'an electronic \Ieye\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has an \Ieye\j\b\i for detail' (= ability to notice or discern).
b) 'I'm keeping my \Ieye\j\b\i on you' (= attention).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i the small central area of a tropical cyclone where the wind is calm.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ban eye for an eye\j\b\i, retaliation in kind.
\Bbe one-eyed\j\b\i, to be biased.
\Bin the eyes of\j\b\i, '\Iin the eyes of\j\b\i the law he is guilty' (= in the opinion of).
\Bsee eye to eye\j\b\i, to agree.
\Bturn a blind eye to\j\b\i, See \Jblind\j\b\i.
\Bwith an eye to\j\b\i, 'it is all done \Iwith an eye to\j\b\i his own advantage' (= looking to, with a view to).
\Bwith one's eyes open\j\b\i, 'she went into marriage \Iwith her eyes open\j\b\i' (= aware of the possible risks).
\Beye\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Beyed\j\b\i, \Beyeing\j\b\i or \Beying\j\b\i)
to observe or watch closely: 'he \Ieyed\j\b\i the growling dog nervously'.
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\Heyeball\h
\Pnoun\p the round part of the eye.
\Beyeball to eyeball\j\b\i, being under close observation by another person or animal: 'an \Ieyeball\j\b\i to \Ieyeball\j\b\i confrontation'.
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\Heyebrow\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a crest of hair on the forehead just above each eye.
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\Heye fillet\h
a cut of delicate meat from the hindquarter of an animal.
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\Heyeglasses\h
plural \Pnoun\p spectacles.
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\Heyelash\h
\Pnoun\p any or all of the hairs forming a fringe at the edge of each eyelid.
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\Heyelet\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small hole with a trimmed edge, e.g. in a shoe for the lace. b) a small metal ring used to reinforce such a hole.
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\Heyelid\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a fold of skin which may be closed to protect the eye and spread lubricating fluid over it.
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\Heyepiece\h
\Pnoun\p the lens or group of lenses in an optical instrument, such as a telescope, closest to the viewer's eye. Compare \Jobjective\j\b\i.
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\Heyesight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power to see.
\CX12.\j\b\i the range of seeing.
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\Heye socket\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i See \Jorbit\j\b\i.
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\Heyesore\h
\Pnoun\p something which is offensive to look at: 'the old shed was an \Ieyesore\j\b\i in the beautiful garden'.
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\Heyetooth\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Beyeteeth\j\b\i
an upper, canine tooth.
\Bgive one's eyeteeth for\j\b\i, to be willing to give up a great deal for.
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\Heyewitness\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has seen an event and can give evidence about it.
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\Heyrie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\iri \Pnoun\p an eagle's nest, usually built on a mountain or cliff.
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\Hfa\h
\Pnoun\p fah \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jdoh\j\b\i.
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\HFabian\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of tactics) cautious or avoiding pitched battles.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of socialism) achieving socialist aims by gradual evolution, not revolution. after \IFabius Cunctator\j\b\i, a Roman general who checked Hannibal by avoiding pitched battles
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\Hfable\h
\Pnoun\p a) a short story with a moral, often about supernatural people or animals. b) any legend or myth. c) an improbable story. Latin \Ifabula\j\b\i a story
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\Hfabric\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a material made by weaving, knitting or felting fibres and used in clothing, furnishings, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a framework or structure: 'apathy is undermining the \Ifabric\j\b\i of our society'.
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\Hfabricate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make up or invent: 'the gang had carefully \Ifabricated\j\b\i its alibi'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to assemble ready-made sections of something. \Bfabrication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of fabricating, b) something which is fabricated, such as a lie; \Bfabricator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfabulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fab\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or occurring in fable: 'dragons are \Ifabulous\j\b\i beasts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wonderful or very good: 'what a \Ifabulous\j\b\i dress!'. \Bfabulous\j\b\i, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, excellent or marvellous; \Bfabulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfabulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfacade\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1sahd\j\b\i \Pnoun\p faìade \CX11.\j\b\i the outside front of a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i a false or deceptive exterior: 'behind her tough \Ifacade\j\b\i hides a frightened child'.
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\Hface\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the front part of the head from the forehead to the chin.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the young man had a sad \Iface\j\b\i' (= expression).
b) 'you strike the ball with the \Iface\j\b\i of a cricket bat' (= the front part).
\CX12.\j\b\i the surface of anything: 'they disappeared off the \Iface\j\b\i of the earth'.
\CX13.\j\b\i standing or reputation: 'if I back down now I'll lose \Iface\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the face of\j\b\i, a) 'what could he do \Iin the face of\j\b\i all these difficulties?' (= when confronted with); b) 'she succeeded \Iin the face of\j\b\i continual opposition' (= in spite of).
\Bon the face of it\j\b\i, judging by the appearance.
\Bface\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to look or turn the face towards: a) '\Iface\j\b\i me when you are speaking to me'; b) 'the windows \Iface\j\b\i the sea'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the illustration \Ifaces\j\b\i page 3' (= is opposite to).
\CX12.\j\b\i to meet or confront: 'he strode out of the house to \Iface\j\b\i the waiting reporters'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to cover with a layer of another material: 'the stonemason spent a day \Ifacing\j\b\i the brick wall with stone blocks'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bface it out\j\b\i, 'no-one can really help you in a crisis; you have to \Iface it out\j\b\i alone' (= see it through).
\Bface up to\j\b\i, 'we have to \Iface up to\j\b\i the fact that the economy is in a bad way' (= acknowledge, meet).
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\Hfacelift\h
\Pnoun\p the use of plastic surgery to remove wrinkles, scars, etc. from the face.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the old building got a \Ifacelift\j\b\i when the painters moved in' (= improved appearance). \Bfacelift\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hface-pack\h
\Pnoun\p \IBeauty:\j\b\i a liquid or paste for cleaning the skin, left to set on the face and then washed off.
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\Hfacet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fass\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an aspect: 'there are many \Ifacets\j\b\i to a business like publishing'.
\CX12.\j\b\i one of the sides of a cut gem.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the cornea of one element of a compound eye, as found in some insects. \Bfacet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut facets on.
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\Hfacetious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1see\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p given to joking, sometimes inappropriately: 'no-one appreciates \Ifacetious\j\b\i remarks during a serious discussion'.
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\Hface value\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i the value stated on a document, a company's shares, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I took what you said at \Iface value\j\b\i' (= its direct or apparent meaning).
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\Hfacial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\i-sh'l \Pnoun\p a treatment of the face involving careful cleaning, toning, massage and applying new make-up.
\Bfacial\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or for the face: a) '\Ifacial\j\b\i acne'; b) '\Ifacial\j\b\i cream'. \Bfacially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfacile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fass\j\b\iile \Padjective\p done or produced with ease or too little thought or care. \Bfacilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfacileness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifacilis\j\b\i easy
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\Hfacilitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to make easier or assist: 'we hired a computer to \Ifacilitate\j\b\i the examining process'. \Bfacilitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfacilitator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing which facilitates.
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\Hfacility\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ease or readiness in doing something: 'his \Ifacility\j\b\i at knitting surprised his mates'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) something that makes it easier to do things: 'transport \Ifacilities\j\b\i will be suspended during the drivers' strike'.
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\Hfacing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\i-sing \Pnoun\p any material applied to an outer edge or layer of something.
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\Hfacsimile\h
\Isay\j\b\i fak-\CX1simm\j\b\ii-lee \Pnoun\p an exact reproduction. Latin \Ifac\j\b\i make + \Isimile\j\b\i like
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\Hfact\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that has really occurred or actually exists.
\CX12.\j\b\i something known to be true or accepted as true: 'no-one can deny the \Ifact\j\b\i that fire burns'.
\Bas a matter of fact\j\b\i, \Bin fact\j\b\i, \Bin point of fact\j\b\i, really or indeed. \Bfactual\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfactually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfactualness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfaction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small discontented group within a larger one. Compare \Jin-group\j\b\i and \Bclique\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any party strife or intrigue. \Bfactional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a faction; \Bfactionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfactious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, promoting faction.
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\Hfactitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fak-\CX1tish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p artificial or false: 'advertising often creates a \Ifactitious\j\b\i demand for one particular brand of goods'. \Bfactitiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfactitiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfactor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything that helps to bring about a result: 'hard work was one \Ifactor\j\b\i in his success'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an integer that divides exactly into another integer: '3 is a \Ifactor\j\b\i of 6'. Also called a \Bdivisor\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a gene or a genetic unit of heredity.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person who buys, sells or acts as an agent for another. \Bfactorise\j\b\i, \Bfactorize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to break up into factors; \Bfactorisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfactorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i fak-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the product of all whole numbers less than and including the given whole number. \IExample:\j\b\i factorial 4 = 4 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 3 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 2 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 1 = 24. \Bfactorial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a factor or factorial.
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\Hfactory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fak\j\b\ita-ree \Pnoun\p a building or group of buildings where something is manufactured or assembled.
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\Hfactory ship\h
a fishing ship which processes and freezes its catch while still at sea.
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\Hfactotum\h
\Isay\j\b\i fak-\CX1toe\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p a person who does all kinds of work. Latin \Ifac\j\b\i do + \Itotum\j\b\i all
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\Hfactual\h
\Padjective\p See \Jfact\j\b\i.
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\Hfaculty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fakk\j\b\i'l-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ability or aptitude for something: 'small children have an uncanny \Ifaculty\j\b\i for getting into mischief'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of the powers of the mind or body: a) 'the \Ifaculty\j\b\i of reason'; b) 'the \Ifaculties\j\b\i of sight and hearing'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a section of a university or college studying related subjects. b) the teaching staff of such a section.
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\Hfad\h
\Pnoun\p a temporary enthusiasm. \Bfaddish\j\b\i, \Bfaddy\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hfade\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lose or cause to lose brightness or colour: a) 'this material has \Ifaded\j\b\i with the years'; b) 'sunlight has \Ifaded\j\b\i this material'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the flowers \Ifaded\j\b\i and died in the heat' (= withered).
b) 'his smile \Ifaded\j\b\i' (= disappeared gradually).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i to change the clarity of a picture slowly by increasing the amount of light (\Bfade in\j\b\i) or decreasing it (\Bfade out\j\b\i).
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\Hfaeces\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-seez plural \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bfeces\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the solid waste material remaining after digestion, expelled from the lower end of the alimentary canal. \Bfaecal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1feek\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a cigarette. b) anything causing weariness: 'going to parties is a real \Ifag\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i (in certain public schools) a junior pupil required to perform certain services for a senior. \Bfag\j\b\i (\Bfagged\j\b\i, \Bfagging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to tire, b) to act as a school fag.
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\Hfaggot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bundle of sticks, twigs, etc. bound together and used for fuel.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a homosexual, especially a male.
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\HFahrenheit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1farr\j\b\ien-hite \Padjective\p of or relating to a scale of temperature no longer in use in Australia, with the melting point of ice (0░C) set at 32░F and the boiling point of water (100░C) set at 212░F. Compare \Jcelsius\j\b\i. devised by Gabriel \IFahrenheit\j\b\i, 1686-1736, a German physicist
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\Hfail\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be unsuccessful: 'she \Ifailed\j\b\i to make her meaning clear'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the examiners \Ifailed\j\b\i half the candidates' (= did not give a passing mark to).
b) 'the bank \Ifailed\j\b\i' (= went bankrupt).
c) 'words \Ifailed\j\b\i him' (= did not come to).
\CX12.\j\b\i to lose strength or cease to function: a) 'his health has been \Ifailing\j\b\i for years'; b) 'he ran into the back of a van when his brakes \Ifailed\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to omit or neglect: 'he \Ifailed\j\b\i to keep his promise'.
\Bfail\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any mark awarded to an examinee which is below the pass mark.
\Bwithout fail\j\b\i, for certain. \Bfailure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfailing\h
\Pnoun\p a weakness or shortcoming: 'we all have our little \Ifailings\j\b\i'.
\Bfailing\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
in the absence of: '\Ifailing\j\b\i payment, we will be forced to sue'.
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\Hfail-safe\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to any supplementary device which is designed to automatically come into action if the main mechanism fails, e.g. in a lift.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i of a system of checks and controls which automatically prevents aircraft, ballistic missiles, etc. being put into operation.
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\Hfain\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning gladly or willingly.
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\Hfaint\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i weak or indistinct: a) 'a \Ifaint\j\b\i light glimmering in the distance'; b) 'a \Ifaint\j\b\i hope'.
\CX12.\j\b\i liable to lose consciousness: 'for days after the accident he felt \Ifaint\j\b\i and weak'.
\Bfaint\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sudden loss of consciousness.
\Bfaint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to lose consciousness temporarily. \Bfaintly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfaintness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfaint-hearted\h
\Padjective\p lacking courage or conviction: 'there's no use being \Ifaint-hearted\j\b\i in the middle of a fight'. \Bfaint-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfaint-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfair (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i honest or in accordance with the rules: a) 'a \Ifair\j\b\i trial'; b) 'a \Ifair\j\b\i fight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i average or moderately good: 'she has a \Ifair\j\b\i knowledge of Latin'.
\CX13.\j\b\i light in complexion or colouring.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of weather) without rain.
\CX15.\j\b\i an old word meaning beautiful: 'a \Ifair\j\b\i maiden'.
\Bfair and square\j\b\i, 'I hit him \Ifair and square\j\b\i on the jaw' (= directly, straight). \Bfairly\j\b\i, \Bfair\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, a) in a fair manner, b) (informal) completely; \Bfairness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfair (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an amusement show.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place at which goods are exhibited, bought and sold.
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\HFair Isle\h
a complex, multicoloured pattern knitted into a garment. first made on \IFair Isle\j\b\i, Scotland
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\Hfairway\h
\Pnoun\p \IGolf:\j\b\i the cleared ground on a golf links, between the tee and the green.
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\Hfairy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i a small supernatural being with magical powers.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an effeminate male, especially a homosexual.
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\Hfairy light\h
a small, coloured light bulb used for decoration.
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\Hfairytale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a story about fairies or magical events.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any exaggerated or unlikely story.
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\Hfait accompli\h
\Isay\j\b\i fate a-kom-\CX1plee\j\b\i a thing which is already done and cannot be reversed. French, accomplished fact
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\Hfaith\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any trust or confidence.
\CX12.\j\b\i a religion or religious movement: 'the Christian \Ifaith\j\b\i'.
\Bin good faith\j\b\i, 'she made the offer \Iin good faith\j\b\i' (= sincerely, honestly).
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\Hfaithful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i loyal: 'a \Ifaithful\j\b\i servant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i accurate or truthful: 'a \Ifaithful\j\b\i description'. \Bfaithfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfaithfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfaithless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not faithful, b) not trustworthy.
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\Hfaith-healer\h
\Pnoun\p a person attempting to cure illness, etc. through religious faith. \Bfaith-healing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfake\h
\Pverb\p to reproduce or imitate something, in order to deceive: 'he \Ifaked\j\b\i an illness in order to get out of work'. \Bfake\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not genuine; \Bfake\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something faked, b) a person who deceives; \Bfaker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfakery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, false or deceptive actions.
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\Hfakir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\i-keer \Pnoun\p fakeer \CX11.\j\b\i a Moslem mendicant devoted to poverty and chastity.
\CX12.\j\b\i the title for a very holy man. Arabic \Ifaqir\j\b\i poor man
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\Hfalafel\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfelafel\j\b\i.
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\Hfalcon\h
\Pnoun\p any of various birds of prey, such as the hawk or kestrel, often used to hunt other birds or game.
\Bfalconry\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the breeding and training of falcons. \Bfalconer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hunts with or trains falcons.
\CX11.\j\b\i to move downwards: a) 'a leaf \Ifell\j\b\i from the tree'; b) 'prices \Ifell\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ifell\j\b\i in battle' (= was killed).
b) 'the government \Ifell\j\b\i at the last election' (= was defeated).
c) 'the bombs \Ifell\j\b\i on target' (= landed).
d) 'her hair \Ifell\j\b\i about her shoulders' (= hung).
e) 'the wind has \Ifallen\j\b\i' (= become less).
f) 'she \Ifell\j\b\i asleep quickly' (= became).
g) 'at the bad news, his face \Ifell\j\b\i' (= showed dejection).
h) 'the subject \Ifalls\j\b\i into four divisions' (= divides naturally).
i) 'Christmas \Ifalls\j\b\i on a Wednesday next year' (= occurs).
j) 'Adam and Eve \Ifell\j\b\i in the Garden of Eden' (= were disgraced).
\CX12.\j\b\i to cut or knock down, especially trees.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfall back\j\b\i, to retreat.
\Bfall back on\j\b\i, to have recourse to.
\Bfall down on the job\j\b\i, to do the work badly or improperly.
\Bfall for\j\b\i, a) to be deceived by; b) to fall in love with.
\Bfall foul of\j\b\i, to come into conflict with.
\Bfall in\j\b\i, to take one's proper place in a formation or group.
\Bfall on\j\b\i, \Bfall upon\j\b\i, to rush suddenly at or attack.
\Bfall out\j\b\i, a) to leave the ranks or a formation; b) to quarrel; c) to happen or result.
\Bfall through\j\b\i, to come to nothing.
\Bfall to\j\b\i, a) to begin, b) 'it \Ifalls to\j\b\i me to introduce the guests' (= is the lot or duty of).
\Bfall\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or an instance of falling: 'she had a bad \Ifall\j\b\i'. b) something which has fallen: 'a light \Ifall\j\b\i of snow'. c) the distance through which anything falls: 'a long \Ifall\j\b\i to the bottom'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the way something hangs: 'the \Ifall\j\b\i of a cape'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a waterfall.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the autumn.
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\Hfallacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fal\j\b\i-a-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any mistaken or false belief or opinion.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILogic:\j\b\i any error in reasoning. \Bfallacious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-shus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Bfallaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfallaciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfall guy\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is left to take the blame or punishment.
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\Hfallible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fal\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p liable to be mistaken. \Bfallibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfallibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfalling star\h
See \Jmeteor\j\b\i.
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\HFallopian tube\h
\Isay\j\b\i fal-\CX1o\j\b\i-pee-an tube also called a \Buterine tube\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the tube through which the ovum moves from an ovary to the uterus.
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\Hfall-out\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i any radioactive substance on the earth's surface or in the atmosphere, resulting from nuclear explosions and accidents.
\CX12.\j\b\i the incidental results or by-products of an experiment or event.
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\Hfallow (1)\h
\Padjective\p (of land) left uncultivated for one or more seasons.
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\Hfallow (2)\h
\Padjective\p light yellow or brown: 'a \Ifallow\j\b\i deer'.
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\Hfalse\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not true or correct: 'a \Ifalse\j\b\i statement'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not genuine: '\Ifalse\j\b\i teeth'.
\CX13.\j\b\i not faithful or loyal: 'a \Ifalse\j\b\i friend'. \Bfalsely\j\b\i, \Bfalse\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bfalseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being false; \Bfalsity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fol\j\b\isi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) falseness, b) something which is false.
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\Hfalsehood\h
\Pnoun\p a lie.
#
\Hfalse pretences\h
any misrepresentation of one's circumstances, identity, etc.
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\Hfalse rib\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i See \Jfloating rib\j\b\i.
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\Hfalsetto\h
\Isay\j\b\i fawl-\CX1sett\j\b\io \Pnoun\p an unusually high-pitched man's voice.
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\Hfalsies\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fawl\j\b\i-seez plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) imitation breasts. b) false teeth.
to make false: 'he managed to \Ifalsify\j\b\i the evidence by lying'. \Bfalsification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfalsity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fawl\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p See \Jfalse\j\b\i.
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\Hfalter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fawl\j\b\i-ter \Pverb\p to hesitate or waver: 'her determination \Ifaltered\j\b\i'. \Bfalter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfalteringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfame\h
\Pnoun\p the condition of being widely known or esteemed. Latin \Ifama\j\b\i reputation
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\Hfamiliar\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1mill\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) well-known: 'a \Ifamiliar\j\b\i face'. b) having a thorough knowledge of: 'are you \Ifamiliar\j\b\i with radio technology?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) intimate or close: 'they are on \Ifamiliar\j\b\i terms'. b) too intimate or presumptuous: 'don't be so \Ifamiliar\j\b\i with your teacher'.
\Bfamiliar\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an intimate friend.
\CX12.\j\b\i a demon supposed to attend a witch at her call. \Bfamiliarly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfamiliarity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-milli-\CX1arr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfamiliarise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1mill\j\b\iia-rize), \Bfamiliarize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or or become familiar with; \Bfamiliarisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifamiliaris\j\b\i of the household
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\Hfamily\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any parents and their children.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the group below order in the classification of animals and plants.
\CX13.\j\b\i all persons descended from the same ancestors, such as parents, children, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. \Bfamilial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1mill\j\b\iial), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfamily planning\h
the regulating of the number of children born into a family.
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\Hfamily tree\h
a chart showing the descent and relationship of members of a family.
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\Hfamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1famm\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p a widespread and serious shortage, especially of food. French \Ifaim\j\b\i hunger
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\Hfamished\h
\Padjective\p extremely hungry.
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\Hfamous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\imus \Padjective\p being celebrated or well-known: 'the Battle of Waterloo is a \Ifamous\j\b\i event'. \Bfamously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (informal) excellently. \Bfamous, infamous, notorious\j\b\i can all be used to describe people who are well-known by the general public. \IFamous\j\b\i is used to describe people whose exploits have been generally approved of: 'a \Ifamous\j\b\i scientist'; whereas both \Iinfamous\j\b\i and \Inotorious\j\b\i are used to describe people whose exploits have not been generally approved of: 'an \Iinfamous\j\b\i or \Inotorious\j\b\i criminal'.
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\Hfan (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices, operated by hand or mechanically, for creating a current of air.
\Bfan\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bfanned\j\b\i, \Bfanning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to send a current of air on to.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Ifan\j\b\i the flames of discontent' (= increase).
\CX12.\j\b\i to move up and down like a fan: 'the bird \Ifanned\j\b\i its wings'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to spread out like a fan: 'the searchers \Ifanned\j\b\i out across the countryside'.
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\Hfan (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an enthusiastic follower or devotee: 'he's a mad-keen football \Ifan\j\b\i'. short form of \Ifanatic\j\b\i
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\Hfanatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1natt\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a person with an excessive enthusiasm for something: 'he's a fresh-air \Ifanatic\j\b\i'. \Bfanatic\j\b\i, \Bfanatical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfanatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfanaticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1natt\j\b\ii-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifanaticus\j\b\i inspired by a god, frenzied
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\Hfancy\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to imagine: '\Ifancy\j\b\i living in luxury all your life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have a liking or preference for: 'what do you \Ifancy\j\b\i for dinner tonight?'.
\Bfancy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a playful imagination: 'your story is the product of \Ifancy\j\b\i'. b) something which is imagined: 'he thought he heard a siren but it was only a \Ifancy\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fondness or liking.
\Bfancy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
not plain or ordinary: 'she went to the parade in a \Ifancy\j\b\i hat'. \Bfancier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with a special interest or enthusiasm; \Bfanciful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfancifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfancy-free\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not in love. short form of \Bfantasy\j\b\i
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\Hfancy dress\h
any clothes worn by a person to represent a costume of another time, a famous character, animal, etc.
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\Hfanfare\h
\Pnoun\p a loud, elaborate musical introduction, played on trumpets, etc.
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\Hfang\h
\Pnoun\p a long, pointed tooth.
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\Hfanlight\h
\Pnoun\p a window above a door.
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\Hfantail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various small birds with fan-like tails, especially a domestic pigeon.
\CX12.\j\b\i a goldfish with a double tail fin.
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\Hfantasia\h
\Isay\j\b\i fan-\CX1tay\j\b\izia \Pnoun\p a piece of music, literature, etc. that follows no set rules.
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\Hfantastic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fan-\CX1tast\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wonderful: 'what a \Ifantastic\j\b\i party!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i impossible to carry out: 'world government is an attractive but wholly \Ifantastic\j\b\i idea'.
\CX13.\j\b\i having the characteristics of fantasy. \Bfantastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bfantastic\j\b\i is now commonly used as a word to express appreciation or approval of something extremely good or impressive. This meaning has developed from the original meaning of imaginary or unreal; the connection being that some things are so impressive as to be almost unbelievable.
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\Hfantasy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fan\j\b\ita-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a wild or extravagant imagination. b) any product of this, such as a daydream.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fantasia. \Bfantasise\j\b\i, \Bfantasize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfan vaulting\h
\IArchitecture:\j\b\i a decorated style of arched ceiling, supported by ribs which spread like a fan.
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\Hfar\h
\Padverb\p (\Bfurther\j\b\i or \Bfarther\j\b\i, \Bfurthest\j\b\i or \Bfarthest\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to, from, or at a considerable distance: a) 'how \Ifar\j\b\i did you go?'; b) 'she can see \Ifar\j\b\i into the future'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to a considerable degree: 'she's \Ifar\j\b\i better now that she has moved to another school'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas far as\j\b\i, \Bso far as\j\b\i, \Bin so far as\j\b\i, '\Ias far as\j\b\i I know, he's honest' (= to the extent that).
\Bby far\j\b\i, \Bfar and away\j\b\i, 'she's \Iby far\j\b\i the best swimmer on the team' (= very much, clearly).
\Bfar be it from me\j\b\i, '\Ifar be it from me\j\b\i to criticise your paintings!' (= I would not hope or dare).
\Bso far\j\b\i, a) '\Iso far\j\b\i the escaped prisoneres have eluded the police search' (= up till now); b) 'the surgeon only went \Iso far\j\b\i in her exploration and then closed the incision' (= to a limited extent).
\Bfar\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Bfurther\j\b\i or \Bfarther\j\b\i, \Bfurthest\j\b\i or \Bfarthest\j\b\i)
a) distant: 'a \Ifar\j\b\i country'. b) more distant: 'the \Ifar\j\b\i corner of the room'.
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\Hfarad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1farr\j\b\iad \Pnoun\p the SI unit of electrical capacitance. after \IMichael Faraday\j\b\i, 1791-1867, a British physicist
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\Hfarce\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any absurd or futile situation or set of events: 'the Peace Conference was a \Ifarce\j\b\i because it solved nothing'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a play intended merely to amuse, usually emphasising situation rather than character, and often containing an improbable plot and slapstick humour. \Bfarcical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1far\j\b\isi-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfarcically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfare\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any fee a passenger is charged for the use of transport.
\CX12.\j\b\i any passenger on a hired vehicle.
\CX13.\j\b\i any food provided at table.
\Bfare\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to manage: 'how did you \Ifare\j\b\i in your interview?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word meaning to go.
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\HFar East\h
the countries of eastern and south-eastern Asia, such as China and Japan.
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\Hfarewell\h
\Isay\j\b\i fair-\CX1well\j\b\i interjection goodbye. \Bfarewell\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a leave-taking.
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\Hfar-fetched\h
\Padjective\p improbable or only remotely connected: 'he has a habit of making \Ifar-fetched\j\b\i comparisons'.
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\Hfarinaceous\h
\Isay\j\b\i farrin-\CX1ay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p containing flour, meal or starch.
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\Hfarm\h
\Pnoun\p an area of land used to raise crops or animals.
\Bfarm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to use land for growing crops, raising animals, etc.
\Bfarm out\j\b\i, to give or send out to others. \Bfarmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfarming\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfar-out\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wonderful.
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\Hfarrago\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1rah\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p a confused mixture. Latin, mixed fodder
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\Hfarrier\h
\Pnoun\p a blacksmith who shoes horses. Latin \Iferrum\j\b\i iron
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\Hfarrow\h
\Pnoun\p a litter of pigs.
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\Hfarther\h
\Padjective\p (used especially of distances) a comparative form of \Bfar\j\b\i.
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\Hfarthest\h
\Padjective\p (used especially of distances) a superlative form of \Bfar\j\b\i.
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\Hfarthing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1far\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\iing \Pnoun\p an old coin equal to one quarter of a penny. Old English \Ifeortha\j\b\i fourth
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\Hfascia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\isha \Ior\j\b\i \CX1fash\j\b\ii-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the layers of fibrous connective tissue beneath the skin, enclosing or connecting muscles or internal organs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dashboard. \Bfascial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfascinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fass\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to attract irresistibly or hold spellbound: 'the audience was \Ifascinated\j\b\i by the eloquence of the speaker'. \Bfascination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfascinating\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfascinatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ifascinare\j\b\i to cast a spell on
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\Hfascism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fash\j\b\iizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a form of extreme right-wing dictatorship in which the government controls all the affairs of a country, including industry and finance, and restricts individual liberties. It is characterised by an aggressive nationalism, and is anti-communist.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any set of extremely right-wing political beliefs, especially those involving racism. \Bfascist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. from \Ifasces\j\b\i, the ancient Roman symbol of state power, first adopted by the Italian dictatorship as its emblem, in 1922
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\Hfashion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fash\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a style or custom, e.g. of dress, manners, etc. which is considered the most admirable or worthy of imitation at a certain time.
\CX12.\j\b\i a way or manner of doing something: 'he settled down to the job in a businesslike \Ifashion\j\b\i'.
\Bafter a fashion\j\b\i, \Bin a fashion\j\b\i: 'because of his rush he only finished the job \Iafter a fashion\j\b\i' (= in a way, but not well). \Bfashion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form or mould; \Bfashionable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, conforming to fashion; \Bfashionably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfast (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i swift or quick: 'a \Ifast\j\b\i horse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i ahead of the correct time: 'that clock is \Ifast\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i promoting quick motion: 'a \Ifast\j\b\i cricket pitch'.
\CX14.\j\b\i firmly fixed: a) 'the post is \Ifast\j\b\i in the ground'; b) '\Ifast\j\b\i colours will not run when the garment is washed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were always \Ifast\j\b\i friends' (= close).
\Bfast\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i firmly, securely or tightly: a) 'hold \Ifast\j\b\i to the rail'; b) 'she was \Ifast\j\b\i asleep'.
\CX12.\j\b\i quickly: 'don't speak so \Ifast\j\b\i'.
\Bplay fast and loose\j\b\i, to act in an irresponsible or fickle manner.
\Bfastness\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the state of being fixed or firm. b) the state of being rapid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a remote hide-out: 'the bandits fled to their mountain \Ifastness\j\b\i'.
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\Hfast (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a time of eating little or no food, e.g. as a religious duty or in protest. \Bfast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfasten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fah\j\b\i-s'n \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fix safely or join together: a) 'have you \Ifastened\j\b\i all the windows?'; b) 'he \Ifastened\j\b\i his seat belt before starting the car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to direct attention, looks, etc. at someone or something: 'the murderer's eyes were \Ifastened\j\b\i on the girl's back'.
\Bfasten on\j\b\i, \Bfasten upon\j\b\i, to seize or lay hold of. \Bfastening\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfastener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfast food\h
See \Jtakeaway\j\b\i.
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\Hfastidious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fass-\CX1tidd\j\b\iius \Padjective\p fussy or difficult to please. \Bfastidiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfastidiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfast-track\h
\Pverb\p to speed the completion of something by giving it special treatment or consideration: 'the council decided to \Ifast-track\j\b\i the building of a new town hall'.
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\Hfat\h
\Pnoun\p the greasy white or yellow substance in animal bodies, forming a store of food and providing insulation.
\Bfat\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i plump.
\CX12.\j\b\i large or abundant: 'a \Ifat\j\b\i profit'. \Bfatness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfatten\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfatty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfattiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfatted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, an old word for fattened.
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\Hfatal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing death or disaster: 'a \Ifatal\j\b\i blow to the head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i decisive or fateful: 'the \Ifatal\j\b\i day finally arrived'. \Bfatally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfatalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\ita-lizm \Pnoun\p a tendency to accept everything as inevitable or unchangeable. \Bfatalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfatalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfatalistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfatality\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a disaster resulting in death. b) a person killed in a disaster or accident.
\CX12.\j\b\i deadliness: 'the \Ifatality\j\b\i of cancer'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the condition of being subject to fate: 'he believed in the \Ifatality\j\b\i of human life'.
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\Hfate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power that predetermines events: 'the Greeks believed \Ifate\j\b\i ruled our lives'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the final condition of a person or thing: 'concern for the \Ifate\j\b\i of the missing swimmer'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she met her \Ifate\j\b\i on the side of a mountain' (= death). \Bfate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be destined; \Bfateful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfather\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male parent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a male who starts, or nurtures something: 'the \Ifather\j\b\i of science'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) a name for God. b) a title for a priest or abbot. \Bfatherhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; a) the state of being a father, b) the qualities of a father; \Bfather\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; a) to be the father of, b) to care for as a father; \Bfatherly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfatherliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfather-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfathers-in-law\j\b\i
one's husband's or wife's father.
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\Hfatherland\h
\Pnoun\p a person's native country, especially of Germany.
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\Hfathom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fa\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p a unit used for measuring the depth of water, equal to about 1.83 m.
\Bfathom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to find the depth of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to understand or work out. \Bfathomable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfathomless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfatigue\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1teeg\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being very tired, especially owing to vigorous activity.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i the weaknesses caused in a material by repeated stresses, vibrations, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a non-military task, such as digging ditches, assigned to soldiers in training, sometimes as a punishment.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the work clothes worn by soldiers doing manual labour. \Bfatigue\j\b\i (\Bfatigued\j\b\i, \Bfatiguing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1faw\j\b\i-set \Pnoun\p any of various devices, such as a tap, used to control the flow of a liquid from a pipe.
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\Hfault\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which makes a person or thing imperfect: 'despite her \Ifaults\j\b\i she's a good worker'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the responsibility or cause of blame for wrongdoing: 'whose \Ifault\j\b\i is it that you missed the train?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a breaking of the rules when serving. A \Bfoot-fault\j\b\i occurs when a player steps over the baseline while serving.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a break in a rock formation caused by movement of the earth's crust.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat fault\j\b\i, guilty.
\Bto a fault\j\b\i, 'she is kind \Ito a fault\j\b\i' (= excessively). \Bfault\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfaulty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfaultily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfaultiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfauna\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1faw\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i all the animals of a certain area or period. Compare \Jflora\j\b\i. after \IFauna\j\b\i, Roman goddess of the earth
an indiscreet remark or action, especially a social blunder. French, false step
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\Hfavour\h
\Pnoun\p favor \CX11.\j\b\i a helpful or considerate act: 'would you do me a \Ifavour\j\b\i and lend me some money?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a friendly attitude or condition: a) 'it did not take him long to win her \Ifavour\j\b\i'; b) 'the board viewed her request with \Ifavour\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i partiality: 'without fear or \Ifavour\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfind favour\j\b\i, to gain acceptance or approval.
\Bin favour\j\b\i, having approval.
\Bin favour of\j\b\i, a) 'I'm \Iin favour of\j\b\i accepting the offer' (= in support of); b) 'the plan worked \Iin favour of\j\b\i everyone' (= to the advantage of).
\Bout of favour\j\b\i, not viewed with favour.
\Bfavour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to like or support: 'fortune \Ifavours\j\b\i the brave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to oblige: 'she \Ifavoured\j\b\i me with a small loan'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to treat gently or spare: 'the dog \Ifavoured\j\b\i its sore paw'. \Bfavourable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, helpful or approving; \Bfavourably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfavourite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\iva-rit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person or thing liked above all others. b) a person granted special privileges: 'a \Ifavourite\j\b\i of the president'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a competitor expected to win, such as a horse in a race. \Bfavouritism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an unfair partiality to one person or group, to the disadvantage of others; \Bfavourite\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfawn (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a young deer.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, yellowish-brown colour. \Bfawn\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfawn (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of dogs) to show pleasure and affection by tail-wagging, licking, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of people) to try to win someone's favour by flattery, etc. \Bfawning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfawningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfax\h
\Pnoun\p a machine which produces facsimiles of documents by electronic transmission. \Bfax\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bfacs\j\b\i(imile)
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\Hfay\h
\Pnoun\p \IFolklore:\j\b\i a fairy.
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\Hfaze\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to disconcert.
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\Hfealty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1feel\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p loyalty, especially the sworn loyalty of a medieval vassal to his or her master or mistress.
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\Hfear\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a troubled feeling caused by awareness or expectation of danger or some frightening event.
\CX12.\j\b\i an awe and reverence: 'the \Ifear\j\b\i of God'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Ifear\j\b\i that she misunderstood me' (= suspect). \Bfearful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having or causing fear, b) (informal) of a great measure; \Bfearfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfearsome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fearful. Old English \Ifaer\j\b\i danger, sudden calamity
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\Hfeasible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\izi-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i capable of being done or put into effect: 'this is a \Ifeasible\j\b\i plan'.
\CX12.\j\b\i likely or reasonable: 'it sounds like a \Ifeasible\j\b\i excuse'. \Bfeasibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfeasibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i feeza-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfeast\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, elaborate meal.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that gives pleasure: 'the concert was a musical \Ifeast\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a religious festival. \Bfeast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfeat\h
\Pnoun\p a remarkable achievement.
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\Hfeather\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the light, hollow-shafted, fluffy structures that grow from a bird's skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar synthetic object, e.g. on a dart, arrow, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba feather in one's cap\j\b\i, an achievement to be proud of.
\Bbirds of a feather\j\b\i, people of the same type.
\Bin fine feather\j\b\i, \Bin good feather\j\b\i, in good spirits or health.
\Bfeather\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fit with a feather, e.g. on an arrow.
\Bfeather one's nest\j\b\i, to make things comfortable for oneself. \Bfeathery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfeatherweight\h
\Pnoun\p a weight division in boxing, equal to about 57 kg.
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\Hfeature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a distinguishing aspect or part: 'impartiality is the magazine's best \Ifeature\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the face.
\CX13.\j\b\i a special descriptive article or interview in a newspaper, magazine, etc. \Bfeature\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a feature of, b) to present.
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\Hfeature film\h
the chief film shown in a cinema programme.
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\Hfebrile\h
\Padjective\p having a fever.
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\HFebruary\h
\Pnoun\p the second month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. named after \IFebrua\j\b\i, the Roman festival of purification
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\Hfeces\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jfaeces.
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\Hfeckless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i irresponsible or worthless.
\CX12.\j\b\i ineffective or futile. \Bfecklessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfecklessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfecundity\h
\Isay\j\b\i fe-\CX1kun\j\b\idi-tee \Pnoun\p the capacity to produce or create in abundance. \Bfecund\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fek\j\b\ikund \Ior\j\b\i \Bfee\j\b\ikund), \Iadjective\j\b\i, fertile or prolific; \Bfecundate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make fecund; \Bfecundation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfed\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfeed\j\b\i.
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\Hfederal\h
\Padjective\p of the joining of states or countries under one central government, as distinct from each state's separate government: 'the \IFederal\j\b\i Government of Australia'. \Bfederate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfederation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfederalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of federal government; \Bfederalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifoederis\j\b\i of a league
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\Hfee\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a charge or payment, e.g. for a professional service.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a fief.
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\Hfeeble\h
\Padjective\p weak or ineffective. \Bfeebleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfeebly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to keep supplied: 'we \Ifed\j\b\i the material into the machine'.
\Bfed up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I am \Ifed up\j\b\i with work!' (= out of patience, disgusted).
\Bfeed\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any food, especially for livestock.
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\Hfeedback\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any information that helps to calculate the results or success of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i the return of part of the output of a system into the input, such as the intense howling sometimes heard in public address systems.
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\Hfeeder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything that feeds or provides food.
\CX12.\j\b\i a baby's bib.
\CX13.\j\b\i a branch or connecting part of a larger system, such as a tributary stream, secondary road, etc.
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\Hfeel\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfelt\j\b\i, \Bfeeling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to perceive through the sense of touch.
\CX12.\j\b\i to examine by touching: 'in the dark we \Ifelt\j\b\i our way down the stairs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be conscious of or affected by: a) 'he \Ifelt\j\b\i ashamed'; b) 'we \Ifeel\j\b\i it is time to leave'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfeel for\j\b\i, to have sympathy for.
\Bfeel like\j\b\i, 'I \Ifeel like\j\b\i a bath' (= want, would like).
\Bfeel like oneself\j\b\i, to be in one's normal state of health, spirits, etc.
\Bfeel out\j\b\i, to try to discover people's opinions, etc. indirectly.
\Bfeel up to\j\b\i, to seem to oneself to be capable of or ready to do something.
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\Hfeeler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an organ of touch in insects, such as an antenna.
\CX12.\j\b\i any action or remark intended to discover another's thoughts or intentions.
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\Hfeeling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the sense of touch.
\CX12.\j\b\i an awareness or sensation: a) 'I have a \Ifeeling\j\b\i this plan will not work'; b) 'a \Ifeeling\j\b\i of joy'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the emotional part of a person, as distinct from the intellect: 'his \Ifeelings\j\b\i were hurt'.
\CX14.\j\b\i sympathy or sensitivity: 'she has no \Ifeeling\j\b\i for her job'.
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\Hfeet\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jfoot\j\b\i.
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\Hfeign\h
\Isay\j\b\i fane \Pverb\p to pretend or invent in order to deceive: 'she \Ifeigned\j\b\i a headache so as to miss the party'.
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\Hfeijoa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-jo-a \Ior\j\b\i fee-\CX1jo\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a) large evergreen shrub bearing elongated green fruit. b) its fruit. from \IJ. da S. Feijo\j\b\i, 19th century Spanish naturalist
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\Hfeint\h
\Isay\j\b\i faint \Pverb\p to make a pretended attack to deceive an opponent, as in swordfighting, etc. \Bfeint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfeisty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fice\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p a) quarrelsome. b) high-spirited.
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\Hfelafel\h
\Isay\j\b\i fe\CX1lah\j\b\i-farl \Pnoun\p also \Bfalafel\j\b\i
a spicy Middle Eastern rissole dish consisting of chickpeas, diced onions, chilli powder, etc.
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\Hfeldspar\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bfelspar\j\b\i
any of a group of alkaline aluminium silicate minerals; an important part of igneous rocks such as granite. German \IFeld\j\b\i field + \Bspar (3)\j\b\i
\Isay\j\b\i fe-\CX1liss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) happiness. b) something causing this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an aptness of manner or style. b) an instance of this. \Bfelicitous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, apt.
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\Hfeline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-line \Padjective\p of or like a cat.
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\Hfell (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bfall\j\b\i.
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\Hfell (2)\h
\Pverb\p to cut or knock down, especially trees.
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\Hfell (3)\h
\Padjective\p an old word meaning dreadful or deadly.
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\Hfell (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i an area of high moorland.
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\Hfellah\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfellahin\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fella-\CX1heen\j\b\i)
\IEgyptian:\j\b\i a peasant.
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\Hfellow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a comrade, associate or peer.
\CX12.\j\b\i a member of an academic or professional society.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a postgraduate research student in a university who receives money from an established fund.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person, especially a male. \Bfellowship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfelony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fell\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i any serious crime, such as murder. \Bfelon\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has committed a felony; \Bfelonious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fe-\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfelspar\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfeldspar\j\b\i.
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\Hfelt (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfeel\j\b\i.
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\Hfelt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a matted fabric of wool, fur or hair.
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\Hfemale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person of the sex able to conceive and give birth to children; a woman or girl. b) any animal of this sex.
\CX12.\j\b\i the parts of a flower containing the ovary, etc. \Bfemale\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or characteristic of a female, b) (of a machine part, etc.) designed for a corresponding part to fit into it.
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\Hfeminine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1femm\j\b\ia-nin \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the female sex.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the qualities said to be appropriate to females.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jgender\j\b\i. \Bfemininity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i femma-\CX1ninn\j\b\ia-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfeminism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1femm\j\b\ia-nizm \Pnoun\p a) the promotion of equal rights and opportunities for women. b) the belief in the inherent value of women's activities and attributes. \Bfeminist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfemme fatale\h
\Isay\j\b\i fem fa-\CX1tahl\j\b\i (\Iuse is often sexist\j\b\i) a vamp. French, fatal woman
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\Hfemoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1femm\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the thigh or groin.
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\Hfemto-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one thousand million millionth (10{\up6 -15\j\b\i).
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\Hfemur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfemurs\j\b\i or \Bfemora\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1femm\j\b\ia-ra)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the long bone of the thigh or upper hindlimb in animals, joining the hip to the knee. Latin, the thigh
#
\Hfen\h
\Pnoun\p an area of low, marshy land.
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\Hfence\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a barrier or boundary of wire, wood etc. around a house, garden, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hedge or other obstacle to be jumped in a steeplechase or showjumping competition.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who receives and disposes of stolen goods.
\Bsit on the fence\j\b\i, to remain neutral.
\Bfence\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to build or put a fence around.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take part in the sport of fencing.
\CX13.\j\b\i to avoid direct questions, arguments, etc. \Bfencer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) one who erects fences, b) one who practises the sport of fencing.
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\Hfencing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any material used for fences.
\CX12.\j\b\i the sport of fighting with long, slender swords.
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\Hfend\h
\Pverb\p to repel or resist: 'he \Ifended\j\b\i off the blows with his arms'.
\Bfend for oneself\j\b\i, to protect or provide for oneself.
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\Hfender\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal surround to prevent fuel rolling out of a fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i any device which protects against impact, e.g. the bumper bar on a car.
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\Hfennel\h
\Pnoun\p a tall herb with yellow flowers, used in cooking and medicine.
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\Hferal\h
\Padjective\p wild. Latin \Iferus\j\b\i wild
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\Hferment\h
\Isay\j\b\i fer-\CX1ment\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to convert sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol, usually with yeast or bacteria carrying out the necessary chemical reactions.
\CX11.\j\b\i something that causes fermenting, such as yeast or an enzyme.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of excitement or agitation. \Bfermentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifermentum\j\b\i yeast
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\Hfermium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 100, an artificially created radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i. after \IE. Fermi\j\b\i, 1901-54, an Italian-American physicist
#
\Hfern\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of plants with large, feather-like leaves and no flowers, usually growing in damp areas and reproducing by spores. \Bferny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfernery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where ferns are grown.
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\Hferocious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fe-\CX1ro\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p being extremely savage or cruel. \Bferociously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bferocity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fe-\CX1ross\j\b\ii-tee), \Bferociousness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hferret\h
\Pnoun\p the domesticated form of the polecat trained to drive rabbits and rats from their holes.
\Bferret\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to hunt with a ferret.
\CX12.\j\b\i to search out criminals, facts, etc. Latin \Ifur\j\b\i thief
#
\Hferric\h
\Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of iron in which iron has a valency of three.
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\Hferroconcrete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ferr\j\b\io-\CX1kon\j\b\i-kreet \Pnoun\p concrete which is strengthened with steel bars or wire.
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\Hferromagnesian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ferro-mag-\CX1nee\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p (of minerals and rocks) containing iron and magnesium.
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\Hferromagnetic\h
\Padjective\p See \Jmagnetic\j\b\i.
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\Hferrous\h
\Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of iron in which iron has a valency of two.
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\Hferrule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ferr\j\b\iul \Pnoun\p a ring or cap fitted over the end of something, e.g. on the end of an umbrella.
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\Hferry\h
\Pnoun\p a boat used to carry passengers, vehicles, etc. across a short stretch of water.
\Bferry\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bferried\j\b\i, \Bferrying\j\b\i)
to transport from one place to another, especially on a ferry.
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\Hfertile\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) capable of sexual reproduction. b) (of eggs or seeds) capable of developing.
\CX12.\j\b\i highly productive: a) '\Ifertile\j\b\i soil'; b) 'a \Ifertile\j\b\i imagination'. \Bfertility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fer-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifertilis\j\b\i able to bear
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\Hfertilise\h
\Pverb\p fertilize \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to unite male and female reproductive cells.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add substances to the soil to increase growth. \Bfertiliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any substance used to fertilise soil; \Bfertilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfervent\h
\Padjective\p warm or enthusiastic: 'a \Ifervent\j\b\i admirer'. \Bfervently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bferventness\j\b\i, \Bfervency\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hfervid\h
\Padjective\p spirited or passionate: 'a \Ifervid\j\b\i defence of his actions'. \Bfervidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfervour\h
\Pnoun\p fervor an enthusiasm or passion.
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\Hfestal\h
\Padjective\p relating to or characteristic of a festival.
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\Hfester\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to produce pus, as in a wound.
\CX12.\j\b\i to irritate or rankle.
#
\Hfestival\h
\Pnoun\p a day or period of celebration.
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\Hfestive\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a feast or festival.
\CX12.\j\b\i joyous.
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\Hfestivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i fess-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a festival. b) the gaiety characteristic of a festival.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) joyous celebrations: 'there was much preparation for the wedding \Ifestivities\j\b\i'.
#
\Hfestoon\h
\Pnoun\p a) a chain of ribbons, flowers, etc. hung decoratively between two points. b) a sculptured form of this. \Bfestoon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfetch\h
\Pverb\p to go for and bring back: 'she went to \Ifetch\j\b\i water'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this old chair should \Ifetch\j\b\i a good price at the auction' (= sell for).
b) 'your rude letter should \Ifetch\j\b\i a reply' (= draw).
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\Hfetching\h
\Padjective\p attractive or charming. \Bfetchingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfete\h
\Isay\j\b\i fate \Pnoun\p fÉte a small fair, usually held to raise money for an institution or charity.
\Bfete\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bfeted\j\b\i, \Bfeting\j\b\i)
to honour or celebrate by entertaining. French, feast
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\Hfetid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\itid \Padjective\p having a foul smell.
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\Hfetish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fett\j\b\iish \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an excessive devotion to or obsession with anything.
\CX12.\j\b\i an object worshipped because it is believed that powerful spirits live in it. \Bfetishistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfetishism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfetlock\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of a horse's leg just above the hoof, often with a tuft of hair on it.
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\Hfetter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a chain placed around the ankles to prevent movement or escape.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) anything that restricts or hinders. \Bfetter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfettle\h
\Pnoun\p good health or spirits: 'only a week after the accident he seemed in fine \Ifettle\j\b\i'.
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\Hfettler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a person who lays or repairs railway tracks.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who cleans the extraneous metal from castings.
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\Hfettuccine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fet\j\b\ita-cheenay \Pnoun\p a type of pasta cut into long strips.
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\Hfetus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\itus \Pnoun\p See \Jfoetus\j\b\i. \Bfetal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfeud\h
\Isay\j\b\i fewd \Pnoun\p a long-standing, bitter quarrel, especially between families. \Bfeud\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfeudalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-da-lizm \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i the system of social and political organisation common from the 9th to the 15th century, in which land was held by a vassal in return for homage and service to the lord. \Bfeudal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfever\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a) an increased body temperature due to disease. b) any of various diseases causing this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the fans were in a \Ifever\j\b\i of excitement' (= high state). \Bfeverish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or having a fever; \Bfevered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, affected by fever; \Bfeverishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfeverishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfew\h
\Padjective\p not many: '\Ifew\j\b\i people have true qualities of leadership'.
\Bfew\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small number: 'his books are read by the \Ifew\j\b\i who share his ideas'.
\Ba good few\j\b\i, \Bquite a few\j\b\i, a fairly large number.
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\Hfey\h
\Isay\j\b\i fay \Padjective\p (of a person) strange or otherworldly.
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\Hfez\h
\Pnoun\p a conical, stiff cap with a flat top and a long tassel, formerly the national headdress of Turkey. after \IFez\j\b\i, a town in Morocco
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\HfiancΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1on\j\b\isay \Pnoun\p the man to whom a woman is engaged to be married. French
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\HfiancΘe\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1on\j\b\isay \Pnoun\p the woman to whom a man is engaged to be married. French
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\Hfiasco\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1ass\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfiascos\j\b\i
a complete or disastrous failure. Italian
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\Hfib\h
\Pnoun\p a harmless or trivial lie: 'it was obvious that her excuse was a \Ifib\j\b\i'. \Bfib\j\b\i (\Bfibbed\j\b\i, \Bfibbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to tell a fib; \Bfibber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tells a fib.
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\Hfibre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-ber \Pnoun\p a) a thread or thread-like piece. b) a material made from such pieces.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's a person of great moral \Ifibre\j\b\i' (= strength, character). \Bfibrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfibreglass\h
\Pnoun\p a material made from fine glass fibres which are woven and saturated with resins, used for the bodies of cars, small boats, etc.
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\Hfibre optics\h
(of telecommunications) the process of passing modulated light as signals along groups of fine glass or plastic filaments. Compare \Joptical fibre\j\b\i. \BFibre optic cable\j\b\i is the encased groups of filaments through which the modulated light passes.
#
\Hfibrin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-brin \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a white, insoluble, fibrous protein formed when blood clots.
#
\Hfibrinogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i fie-\CX1brinn\j\b\ia-j'n \Pnoun\p a complex protein present in blood which yields fibrin when blood clots.
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\Hfibroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-broyd \Padjective\p resembling or composed of fibre or fibrous tissue. \Bfibroid\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a fibroid tumour of the womb.
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\Hfibrosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i fie-\CX1bro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p the production of fibrous tissues, as in the healing of a wound.
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\Hfibrositis\h
\Isay\j\b\i fie-bro-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a mild inflammation in fibrous or muscular tissue, causing pain and difficulty in movement.
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\Hfibrous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-brus \Padjective\p See \Jfibre\j\b\i.
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\Hfibula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fib\j\b\i-yoo-la \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfibulas\j\b\i or \Bfibulae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fib\j\b\i-yoo-lee)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg or hind limb. \Bfibular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hfickle\h
\Padjective\p inconstant in feelings or intentions. \Bfickleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfiction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any novels, short stories or other imaginative prose writings.
\CX12.\j\b\i something imagined or invented: 'the judge said the whole case was a \Ifiction\j\b\i'. \Bfictional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, belonging to or having the nature of fiction; \Bfictionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfictive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) fictitious, b) relating to the creation of fiction.
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\Hfictitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fik-\CX1tish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i imaginatively created or invented: 'the novelist claimed that all her characters were \Ifictitious\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i false or untrue: 'the newspaper story was distorted and perhaps even \Ifictitious\j\b\i'. \Bfictitiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfiddle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a violin.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an underhand or illegal enterprise.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfit as a fiddle\j\b\i, very healthy.
\Bplay second fiddle\j\b\i, 'she dislikes \Iplaying second fiddle\j\b\i to her husband' (= taking second place).
\Bfiddle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to play a violin.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move the hands restlessly or aimlessly.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to distort or falsify dishonestly: 'the clerk \Ifiddled\j\b\i the accounts'.
\Bfiddle about\j\b\i, to waste time. \Bfiddly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, intricate and difficult; \Bfiddler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfiddlesticks\h
interjection nonsense.
#
\Hfidelity\h
\Isay\j\b\i fid-\CX1dell\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i loyalty: 'the king rewarded his old servant for his \Ifidelity\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i exactness or accuracy: 'the \Ifidelity\j\b\i of sound produced by a radio'. Latin \Ifides\j\b\i trust
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\Hfidget\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fij\j\b\i-it \Pverb\p to move restlessly or impatiently: 'the children began to \Ifidget\j\b\i during the long church service'. \Bfidget\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who fidgets; \Bfidgety\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfiduciary\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1dew\j\b\isha-ree \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a person appointed to manage or look after property, such as a trustee. Latin \Ifiducia\j\b\i trust
#
\Hfief\h
\Isay\j\b\i feef \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i the land rented by a noble to a vassal in return for personal and military service.
#
\Hfield\h
\Isay\j\b\i feeld \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an open, cleared area of land used for farming, etc. b) an area of land containing natural resources: 'a \Igoldfield\j\b\i'. c) a large expanse: 'a \Ifield\j\b\i of ice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where a particular event or activity takes place: a) 'a \Ifield\j\b\i of battle'; b) 'a hockey \Ifield\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an area: a) 'it lay outside my \Ifield\j\b\i of vision'; b) 'she works in the \Ifield\j\b\i of science'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the arrangement of players in a side: 'a defensive \Ifield\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i all the horses in a race.
\CX16.\j\b\i any place away from the office or laboratory, where data and other research material are collected.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the space in which a force exerts its influence.
\CX18.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdatabase\j\b\i.
\Bfield\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a) to stop or catch the ball, and return it to the wicket-keeper, pitcher, etc. from a position on the field. b) to put a team into the field.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fend off by \Pverb\pal agility: 'the politician \Ifielded\j\b\i the reporter's probing questions'. \Bfielder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfield artillery\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i artillery which can be moved easily from one position to another.
#
\Hfield day\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a day for training exercises, manoeuvres, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an enjoyable or successful time.
#
\Hfield-glasses\h
plural \Pnoun\p binoculars.
#
\Hfield-gun\h
\Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i an artillery gun mounted on wheels.
#
\Hfield hockey\h
See \Jhockey\j\b\i.
#
\Hfield marshal\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i the highest-ranking commissioned officer in many armies.
#
\Hfield rank\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i any rank above captain and below general in the army.
#
\Hfiend\h
\Isay\j\b\i feend \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a devil or evil spirit.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cruel or wicked person.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an addict: 'a golf \Ifiend\j\b\i'. \Bfiendish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfiendishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfierce\h
\Padjective\p hostile, threatening or aggressive: 'their dog is \Ifierce\j\b\i towards strangers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she stayed in bed with a \Ifierce\j\b\i cold' (= intense, severe). \Bfiercely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfierceness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfiery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fire\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like fire: a) 'a \Ifiery\j\b\i glow'; b) 'a \Ifiery\j\b\i desert wind'.
\CX12.\j\b\i passionate or intense: 'a \Ifiery\j\b\i temper'.
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\Hfiesta\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1est\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a festival. Spanish
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\Hfife\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a high-pitched flute used in military bands. \Bfifer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfifteen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 15 in Arabic numerals, XV in Roman numerals. \Bfifteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfifteenth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfifth\h
\Padjective\p, \Pnoun\p See \Jfive\j\b\i.
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\Hfifth column\h
a group of traitors. in the Spanish Civil War, 1936, Madrid was attacked by four columns of fascist troops, while a \Ififth column\j\b\i of fascists within the city assisted them
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\Hfifth generation\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jgeneration\j\b\i.
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\Hfifty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 50 in Arabic numerals, L in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 50 to 59 in a series, such as the years within a century. \Bfifty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfiftieth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfifty-fifty\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in two equal portions.
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\Hfig\h
\Pnoun\p a soft, medium-sized, pear-shaped fruit containing many seeds, eaten fresh, preserved or dried.
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\Hfight\h
\Pnoun\p a struggle, quarrel or contest.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after ten years in prison there was no \Ifight\j\b\i left in him' (= ability or desire to fight).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfighting chance\j\b\i, a fair chance.
\Bfighting fit\j\b\i, very fit or healthy. \Bfight\j\b\i (\Bfought\j\b\i, \Bfighting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfighter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that fights.
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\Hfigment\h
\Pnoun\p something imagined or invented.
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\Hfigurative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fig\j\b\i-yoora-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i involving a metaphor or figure of speech.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a painting, sculpture, etc.) representing a figure. \Bfiguratively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfigurativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfigure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1figg\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a symbol for a number.
\CX12.\j\b\i a form or shape: a) 'geometrical \Ifigures\j\b\i'; b) 'an athlete's lean \Ifigure\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the house was sold for a very high \Ifigure\j\b\i' (= amount, sum).
b) 'Bronwyn is a wizard at \Ifigures\j\b\i' (= calculations, arithmetic).
c) 'he is a literary \Ifigure\j\b\i' (= person, character).
d) 'the couples danced elaborate \Ifigures\j\b\i' (= movements).
e) 'the children saw the clown as a \Ifigure\j\b\i of fun' (= emblem, object).
f) 'the \Ifigures\j\b\i in the instruction manual explain the parts' (= diagrams).
\Bcut a fine figure\j\b\i, 'he \Icuts a fine figure\j\b\i in his velvet dinner jacket' (= creates a fine appearance).
\Bfigure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to calculate or reckon: a) 'we \Ifigured\j\b\i that the bill should be $88.50'; b) 'I \Ifigure\j\b\i that they should arrive tomorrow'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to appear conspicuously: 'her name \Ifigures\j\b\i quite often in historical documents of that time'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be as one expected: 'it \Ifigures\j\b\i that an unhappy person would act in that way'.
\Bfigure out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it was very difficult to \Ifigure out\j\b\i the meaning of that song' (= understand, work out). Latin \Ifijura\j\b\i shape
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\Hfigurehead\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person in a high position but having no real power.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a carved model usually of a woman or mermaid which decorated the bow of sailing ships.
#
\Hfigure of speech\h
an expression, such as a simile or metaphor, in which words are not used in their usual sense.
#
\Hfigurine\h
\Isay\j\b\i fig-yoo-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small, sculptured or carved figure.
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\Hfilagree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\ia-gree \Pnoun\p See \Jfiligree\j\b\i.
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\Hfilament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any very fine thread or thread-like part, such as the wire in a light globe which heats as electricity passes through it.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the stalk of a stamen, supporting the anther. Latin \Ifilum\j\b\i a thread
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\Hfilch\h
\Pverb\p to pilfer.
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\Hfile (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of papers or records kept in order. b) the container in which they are kept.
\CX12.\j\b\i a row or line of persons or things placed one behind the other.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a) an organised store of related data. b) See \Jdatabase\j\b\i.
\Bon file\j\b\i, on record in a file.
\Bfile\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put papers, documents, records, etc. in order, for easy access.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to begin a lawsuit by bringing it before a court.
\CX13.\j\b\i to send in copy to a newspaper.
\CX14.\j\b\i to march or walk in a line.
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\Hfile (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a flat or rounded steel tool, covered with fine ridges or teeth, for smoothing metal or wood. \Bfile\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfile transfer protocol\h
short form is \BFTP\j\b\i
(of telecommunications) a software protocol which allows files to transmitted from one site to another on the Internet.
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\Hfilial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\ii-ul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to or expected of a son or daughter: '\Ifilial\j\b\i obedience'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i relating to the sequence of generations from the original parents: F\Ksubscript\k\I1\j\b\i is the first filial generation, F\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i is the second, etc. \Bfilially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ifilius\j\b\i son
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\Hfilibuster\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\ii-busta \Pverb\p to obstruct legislative business by making long speeches or using other delaying tactics. \Bfilibuster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfilibusterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \Ifilibustero\j\b\i a pirate
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\Hfiligree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\ii-gree \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bfilagree\j\b\i or \Bfillagree\j\b\i
a delicate ornamental work of metallic thread, especially of gold or silver, woven into a lace-like design. \Bfiligree\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfilings\h
plural \Pnoun\p the small particles removed by a file.
#
\Hfill\h
\Pverb\p to make or become full: a) 'let me \Ifill\j\b\i your glass'; b) 'the dam \Ifilled\j\b\i during the wet season'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her room was \Ifilled\j\b\i with books' (= plentifully supplied).
b) 'I was told that the position of secretary had been \Ifilled\j\b\i' (= occupied).
c) 'the author said she wrote the book to \Ifill\j\b\i a need' (= satisfy).
d) 'the chemist took ten minutes to \Ifill\j\b\i the prescription' (= make up).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfill in\j\b\i, a) 'it took her an hour to \Ifill in\j\b\i the forms' (= complete); b) 'what's the best way to \Ifill in\j\b\i time?' (= occupy); c) 'she \Ifilled in\j\b\i for me when I was sick' (= stood in).
\Bfill out\j\b\i, 'the baby began to \Ifill out\j\b\i when given the correct food' (= put on weight).
\Bfill the bill\j\b\i, 'the doctor said that two weeks rest should \Ifill the bill\j\b\i' (= be adequate).
\Bfill\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a full supply or quantity: 'we let the thirsty horses drink their \Ifill\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any material used to fill a hole, cavity, etc.: 'broken bricks make good \Ifill\j\b\i on building sites'. \Bfiller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that fills, such as putty used to fill cracks; \Bfilling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything that fills, such as amalgam used to fill a tooth; \Bfilling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing a feeling of being full.
#
\Hfillet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any boneless section of meat or fish. b) a cut of tender meat, usually from the loin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a narrow hair band or ribbon.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a squared timber or moulding used to cover joins, etc. \Bfillet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfillip\h
\Pnoun\p a flick of the finger.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the newspaper article gave the fund drive a \Ifillip\j\b\i' (= boost). \Bfillip\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfilly\h
\Pnoun\p a female horse or pony up to four years old.
#
\Hfilm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a strip of cellulose ester, coated with a light-sensitive emulsion which will record a series of separate images when exposed in a camera.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a positive print of such a film, the images of which create the impression of movement when projected consecutively at high speed. b) the story or events so presented.
\CX13.\j\b\i a very thin skin, membrane or coating: 'a \Ifilm\j\b\i of oil on the water'.
\Bfilm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cover with or as if with a film: 'his eyes \Ifilmed\j\b\i with tears'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to photograph with a cine camera. b) to produce or create a film. \Bfilmy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a film.
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\Hfilter\h
\Pnoun\p any substance or device which prevents certain materials passing through it while allowing the passage of others, such as porous paper to separate sand from water, or a screen on a camera lens to control the colours reaching the film.
\Bfilter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove or separate by a filter.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pass through or as if through a filter: 'the new ideas finally \Ifiltered\j\b\i through into people's minds'. \Bfiltration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or process of filtering; \Bfiltrate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any liquid that has passed through a filter.
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\Hfilth\h
\Pnoun\p something that is foul, putrid or repulsive: 'prisoners were forced to eat and sleep in \Ifilth\j\b\i'. \Bfilthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfilthily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfilthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an external, thin structure on an aquatic animal, used to guide or propel it.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fin-shaped structure on an aircraft, submarine, etc. which has a stabilising or guiding function.
\CX13.\j\b\i any fin-like projection on a radiator, the cylinders of an air-cooled internal combustion engine, etc., used to dissipate heat.
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\Hfinal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p coming at the end: 'the \Ifinal\j\b\i preparations have been completed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my answer is \Ifinal\j\b\i' (= decisive).
\Bfinal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any contest, examination, etc. coming at the end of a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INewspapers:\j\b\i the last edition for that day.
\Bfinalise, finalize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put into final form: 'have you \Ifinalised\j\b\i the arrangements yet?'. \Bfinally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfinality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fie-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being final; \Bfinalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person qualified to take part in a final; \Bfinalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfinale\h
\Isay\j\b\i fin-\CX1ah\j\b\i-lay \Pnoun\p the last or concluding part of anything, such as the last movement of a piece of music or the last act of a play, ballet, opera, etc.
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\Hfinance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-nance \Pnoun\p a) money or funds: 'the \Ifinances\j\b\i of the club are running low'. b) the management of money: 'she is an expert in \Ifinance\j\b\i'.
of or relating to finance: 'she is a special adviser on \Ifinancial\j\b\i matters'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'are you \Ifinancial\j\b\i today?' (= supplied with cash).
\Bfinancial member\j\b\i, a member of a club, etc. who has paid the required subscription or fee. \Bfinance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide money for; \Bfinancially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfinancial year\h
a specified period of twelve months, used by governments and businesses when accounting for money received and paid.
#
\Hfinancier\h
\Isay\j\b\i fie-\CX1nan\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p a person skilled or engaged in borrowing and lending money, especially on a large scale.
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\Hfinch\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small birds such as sparrows, many having strong beaks for crushing seeds.
#
\Hfind\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfound\j\b\i, \Bfinding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to meet with by chance: 'the campers \Ifound\j\b\i a cave filled with prehistoric rock drawings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to obtain by search or effort: 'I finally \Ifound\j\b\i the answer to the problem'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the arrow \Ifound\j\b\i its mark' (= reached).
b) 'she was so surprised by the news that she couldn't \Ifind\j\b\i her tongue' (= get the use of).
c) 'lately I haven't \Ifound\j\b\i time to read' (= managed to arrange).
d) 'she \Ifound\j\b\i that she worked better at night' (= discovered by experience).
e) 'the jury \Ifound\j\b\i the accused man innocent' (= determined, \Ppronoun\pced).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfind fault\j\b\i, 'he \Ifinds fault\j\b\i with everything she does' (= criticises).
\Bfind oneself\j\b\i, to discover one's true vocation, abilities, etc.
\Bfind one's feet\j\b\i, See \Jfoot\j\b\i.
\Bfind out\j\b\i, 'most criminals assume they won't be \Ifound out\j\b\i' (= detected).
\Bfind\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of finding: 'the oil company made a big \Ifind\j\b\i'. b) something found, especially something valuable: 'the table we bought was a real \Ifind\j\b\i'. \Bfinder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who finds, b) something which finds, such as a viewfinder in a camera.
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\Hfinding\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the decision of a court on a question of fact at the end of a court case.
#
\Hfine (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of very high quality: a) 'a \Ifine\j\b\i building'; b) '\Ifine\j\b\i gold'.
\CX12.\j\b\i thin or slender: 'a \Ifine\j\b\i thread'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ifine\j\b\i weather is forecast for the weekend' (= sunny, without rain).
b) 'she has a gift for \Ifine\j\b\i needlework' (= delicate).
c) 'the lawyers quibbled over a \Ifine\j\b\i distinction' (= subtle, difficult to grasp).
d) 'the pencil had a \Ifine\j\b\i point' (= sharp).
e) 'the furniture was coated with \Ifine\j\b\i dust' (= composed of minute particles).
f) 'we fished with a \Ifine\j\b\i net' (= small-holed).
\Bfine\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become fine.
\CX12.\j\b\i to clarify wine, beer, etc. by filtering. \Bfine\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, well; \Bfinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfineness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfine (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a sum of money paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule. \Bfine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfine arts\h
any forms of art which are considered the highest expression of beauty, such as painting, music, architecture, poetry, etc.
#
\Hfinery\h
\Pnoun\p any richly elegant clothes.
#
\Hfinesse\h
\Isay\j\b\i fin-\CX1ess\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any skill or delicacy in doing something: 'the ambassador conducted negotiations with great \Ifinesse\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i an attempt to take a trick by playing a low card in the hope that a higher card is not in the hand of an opponent who is yet to play. \Bfinesse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a finesse at cards. French, fineness
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\Hfinger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fing\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the five digits of the hand, especially one other than the thumb.
\CX12.\j\b\i a finger-like piece, part or measure: a) 'the \Ifinger\j\b\i of a glove'; b) 'a \Ifinger\j\b\i of toast'; c) 'a \Ifinger\j\b\i of gin'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bburn one's fingers\j\b\i, 'he \Iburnt his fingers\j\b\i in a business deal' (= suffered a loss).
\Bhave a finger in the pie\j\b\i, to be involved in or have a part in an enterprise or scheme.
\Bkeep one's fingers crossed\j\b\i, to hope for good luck.
\Blay a finger on\j\b\i, 'the police said they didn't \Ilay a finger on\j\b\i the suspect' (= harm in any way).
\Blift a finger\j\b\i, See \Jlift\j\b\i.
\Bput one's finger on\j\b\i, 'I can't quite \Iput my finger\j\b\i on the problem' (= identify, locate).
\Btwist round one's little finger\j\b\i, 'it's quite obvious that his father-in-law \Itwists him round his little finger\j\b\i' (= manipulates or dominates him). \Bfinger\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to touch or handle with the fingers, b) (informal) to identify a person or implicate him or her in a crime.
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\Hfingerboard\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the wooden part of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to vary the pitch of a note.
#
\Hfingerbowl\h
\Pnoun\p a small bowl to hold water for rinsing the fingers at a meal.
#
\Hfingernail\h
\Pnoun\p the horny growth at the end of a finger.
#
\Hfingerprint\h
\Pnoun\p the pattern formed by the tiny ridges on the tips of the fingers.
\Bfingerprint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to record a person's fingerprints with ink, for purposes of identification.
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\Hfinicky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1finn\j\b\ii-kee \Padjective\p also called \Bfinicking\j\b\i or \Bfinical\j\b\i
fussy or too particular. \Bfinically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfinis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1finn\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p the end. Latin
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\Hfinish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring or come to an end: 'I shall \Ifinish\j\b\i the job by 2 o'clock'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the horse \Ifinished\j\b\i well but didn't win' (= completed the last stage).
\CX12.\j\b\i to put a final coating or surface on.
\Bfinish off\j\b\i, a) to consume completely; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to kill.
\Bfinish\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the end or conclusion: 'most of the characters in the novel are dead at the \Ifinish\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is a person of considerable poise and \Ifinish\j\b\i' (= sophistication).
b) 'the furniture had a very shiny \Ifinish\j\b\i' (= surface or coating).
c) 'the cabinet-maker used his own brand of \Ifinish\j\b\i' (= material for finishing wood).
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\Hfinite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-nite \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having limits or bounds: 'some scientists think the universe is \Ifinite\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) capable of being completely counted. b) neither infinite nor infinitesimal. \Bfinitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfiniteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfink\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is contemptible or ridiculous.
#
\Hfiord\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1ord\j\b\i \Pnoun\p fjord a long, deep, narrow inlet of the sea with steep, often mountainous sides, originally deepened by the action of glaciers. Norwegian
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\Hfir\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of evergreen, Northern Hemisphere trees with erect cones and short, needle-like leaves.
#
\Hfire\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the flame, heat and light produced by burning. b) a body of burning material.
\CX12.\j\b\i something resembling this in intensity of heat or light: 'the \Ifire\j\b\i of a diamond'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the speech lacked any \Ifire\j\b\i' (= energy, intensity).
\CX13.\j\b\i the discharge of firearms or artillery.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcatch fire\j\b\i, to burst into flames.
\Bhang fire\j\b\i, 'until plans were approved the company had to \Ihang fire\j\b\i on the new building project' (= delay).
\Bon fire\j\b\i, burning.
\Bopen fire\j\b\i, to start shooting.
\Bplay with fire\j\b\i, to take chances with something dangerous.
\Bunder fire\j\b\i, a) being shot at; b) 'a government minister \Iunder fire\j\b\i for his policies' (= under criticism or \Pverb\pal attack).
\Bfire\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to set on fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discharge firearms, artillery, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to dismiss from a job.
\CX14.\j\b\i to harden pottery, etc. in a kiln by heating it slowly to a high temperature.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was \Ifired\j\b\i with the promise of \Isuccess\j\b\i' (= inspired).
b) 'the engine finally \Ifired\j\b\i' (= started).
\Bfire away\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to begin speaking or go ahead.
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\Hfirearm\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small arms, such as rifles, revolvers or light machine-guns.
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\Hfireball\h
\Pnoun\p any brightly burning sphere, such as a meteor.
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\Hfirebrand\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of wood lit at one end from a fire, used as a torch or to light other fires.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who excites or inspires passions, trouble, etc.
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\Hfirebreak\h
\Pnoun\p a strip of land which is cleared to stop the spread of a fire.
#
\Hfirebrick\h
\Pnoun\p a brick made of a special heat-resistant clay, used in chimneys, etc.
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\Hfire brigade\h
an organised group of fire-fighters, usually belonging to a particular district and wearing a uniform.
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\Hfirebug\h
\Pnoun\p a person who deliberately sets fire to things, especially buildings.
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\Hfirecracker\h
\Pnoun\p any firework which explodes.
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\Hfiredog\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Bandiron\j\b\i
either of a pair of iron supports holding logs in a fireplace.
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\Hfire drill\h
a practice in the use of fire-fighting equipment or methods of escape in case of fire.
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\Hfire-engine\h
\Pnoun\p a motor vehicle equipped for fighting fires with high-pressure hoses, pumps, etc.
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\Hfire-escape\h
\Pnoun\p any exit from a building for use in case of fire, such as an outside staircase.
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\Hfire-extinguisher\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jextinguisher\j\b\i.
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\Hfire-fighter\h
\Pnoun\p a person trained in preventing or fighting fires.
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\Hfirefly\h
\Pnoun\p any of two groups of soft-bodied, nocturnal beetles which can produce light. The females of some species are called \Bglow-worms\j\b\i.
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\Hfireguard\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bfirescreen\j\b\i
a metal screen designed to shield a room from flying sparks without holding back the heat of the fire.
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\Hfirehouse\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfire station\j\b\i.
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\Hfire hydrant\h
See \Jhydrant\j\b\i.
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\Hfire irons\h
any tools used for arranging a fire, especially tongs, a poker, etc.
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\Hfirelighter\h
\Pnoun\p a block of highly inflammable substance used to start fires.
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\Hfireman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person skilled or trained in preventing or fighting fires.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a person who tends the fire in a steam-engine. Also called a \Bstoker\j\b\i. b) the assistant driver of a railway locomotive.
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\Hfireplace\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a chimney opening into a room, in which fires are lit.
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\Hfireplug\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhydrant\j\b\i.
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\Hfire power\h
the amount of fire delivered by a weapon or military unit.
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\Hfireproof\h
\Padjective\p designed or constructed so as to resist fire. \Bfireproof\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfireproofing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any material used to make something fireproof.
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\Hfirescreen\h
\Pnoun\p a fireguard.
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\Hfire station\h
also called a \Bfirehouse\j\b\i
a building used by a fire brigade for storing equipment, etc.
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\Hfire tower\h
a watchtower, usually in a wooded area, in which a person is posted to watch for and report fires.
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\Hfiretrap\h
\Pnoun\p a building, etc. which is especially dangerous in the event of fire.
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\Hfirewall\h
\Pnoun\p a wall designed to resist fire and stop it spreading, e.g. between the engine compartment and the rest of an aircraft.
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\Hfirework\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any explosive device used to produce a bright light or a loud noise, often for a display or as a signal at night. Also called \Bpyrotechnics\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an outburst of bad temper, violence, etc.
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\Hfiring line\h
the point at which troops are close enough to the enemy positions to fire on them.
\Bin the firing line\j\b\i, subjected by one's position or situation to blame, \Pverb\pal attack, etc.
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\Hfiring pin\h
a pin in the mechanism of a gun which, when released, strikes the primer of a cartridge to fire the gun.
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\Hfiring squad\h
a detachment of soldiers appointed to shoot a condemned person.
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\Hfirm (1)\h
\Padjective\p solid or secure: 'he climbed out of the water on to \Ifirm\j\b\i dry ground'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the nurse's \Ifirm\j\b\i hands tied the bandages' (= steady).
b) 'my decision to leave is quite \Ifirm\j\b\i' (= definite, fixed). \Bfirm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become firm; \Bfirmly\j\b\i, \Bfirm\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bfirmness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfirm (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a business organisation, such as a company or partnership. Italian \Ifirma\j\b\i a signature
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\Hfirmament\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for the sky, seen as a vault or arch. Latin \Ifirmamentum\j\b\i a support
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\Hfirmware\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i software programs that are stored in the permanent read-only memory (ROM), and which control such important computer functions as start-up routines.
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\Hfirst\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i being number one in a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i before all others in time, importance, etc.
\Bfirst\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anything which is first in time, importance, etc.: 'this model is an exciting \Ifirst\j\b\i in car design'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a first-class honour in a secondary or tertiary subject. \Bfirstly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfirst aid\h
any emergency assistance given to a sick or injured person after an accident, etc.
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\Hfirstborn\h
\Pnoun\p the eldest.
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\Hfirst class\h
the most expensive and comfortable passenger accommodation on a train, aeroplane, etc.
\Bfirst-class\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i being the highest grade possible in passing an examination.
\CX12.\j\b\i of the highest or best quality: 'even by world standards this is a \Ifirst-class\j\b\i restaurant'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or relating to the first class: 'a \Ifirst-class\j\b\i carriage'.
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\Hfirst cousin\h
See \Jcousin\j\b\i.
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\Hfirst floor\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i the ground floor.
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\Hfirst-generation\h
\Padjective\p (of a country's citizen) having been born in a foreign country or having foreign parents.
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\Hfirst generation\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jgeneration\j\b\i.
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\Hfirst-hand\h
\Padjective\p direct from the original source: 'we receive \Ifirst-hand\j\b\i racing information from the jockeys'.
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\HFirst Lady\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i the wife of the President or a State Governor.
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\Hfirstly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jfirst\j\b\i.
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\Hfirst night\h
the first performance of a play, opera, etc.
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\Hfirst person\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jperson\j\b\i.
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\Hfirst principle\h
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the fundamental basis or principles from which a law, concept, etc. is derived.
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\Hfirst-rate\h
\Padjective\p excellent.
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\Hfirst water\h
the highest degree of quality or excellence: 'a diamond of the \Ifirst water\j\b\i'.
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\Hfirth\h
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a long, narrow inlet in the seacoast.
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\Hfiscal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fis\j\b\i-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to finance. Latin \Ifiscus\j\b\i a money-box
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\Hfish\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfish\j\b\i or \Bfishes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a cold-blooded, aquatic animal having a spine and gills and usually with fins and scales on its body.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital, plural\j\b\i) See \Jpisces\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba fine kettle of fish\j\b\i, \Ba pretty kettle of fish\j\b\i, a difficult or perplexing situation.
\Ba fish out of water\j\b\i, a person who is ill at ease or uncomfortable in new or strange surroundings.
\Bother fish to fry\j\b\i, other more important matters of business to be dealt with.
\Bfish\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to catch or attempt to catch fish.
\CX12.\j\b\i to search for or remove: 'she \Ifished\j\b\i a handkerchief out of her back pocket'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to seek by indirect methods: 'to \Ifish\j\b\i for compliments'. \Bfishing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or practice of catching fish; \Bfisherman\j\b\i, \Bfisherwoman\j\b\i, \Bfisher\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who fishes.
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\Hfishcake\h
\Pnoun\p a patty made from fish, deep-fried in breadcrumbs or batter.
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\Hfishery\h
\Pnoun\p a) the occupation or industry of catching fish. b) a place where fish are bred, hatched and reared.
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\Hfisheye lens\h
\IPhotography:\j\b\i an extremely curved lens with a viewing angle of up to 180░.
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\Hfishhook\h
\Pnoun\p any of various barbed hooks used to catch fish.
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\Hfishmonger\h
\Isay\j\b\i fish-\CX1mun\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p a person who sells fish.
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\Hfishplate\h
\Pnoun\p a thin, rectangular plate, usually steel, for joining railway lines, stanchions, etc.
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\Hfishwife\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfishwives\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a coarse, assertive or abusive woman.
\CX12.\j\b\i a woman who sells fish.
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\Hfishy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like fish.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing doubt or suspicion: 'there is something \Ifishy\j\b\i about the way he answered our questions'.
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\Hfissile\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be split or divided.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i capable of undergoing nuclear fission by any process. Latin \Ifissilis\j\b\i easily split
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\Hfission\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of splitting or dividing into parts, such as the biological reproduction of an organism by dividing into several parts, each of which forms a new organism.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jnuclear fission\j\b\i.
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\Hfissure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fish\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p a narrow opening formed by cleavage or the separation of parts. \Bfissure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tightly closed hand.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the hand.
\Bmake a good fist of it\j\b\i, to do something well. \Bfistful\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a handful.
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\Hfisticuffs\h
plural \Pnoun\p any fighting with the fists.
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\Hfistula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fist\j\b\i-yoola \Pnoun\p a body passage formed by disease or injury, linking a hollow space or abscess to the surface of the skin. \Bfistular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfit (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfitted\j\b\i, \Bfitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to be or make the right shape or size for: a) 'these shoes do not \Ifit\j\b\i properly'; b) 'the salesman \Ifitted\j\b\i the jacket'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put carefully into place: 'the mechanic \Ifitted\j\b\i new wheels on to the car'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be or make suitable or appropriate to: a) 'the punishment must be made to \Ifit\j\b\i the crime'; b) 'he has few qualities which \Ifit\j\b\i him for leadership'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfit in\j\b\i, a) to have room for; b) to adapt to.
\Bfit out\j\b\i, \Bfit up\j\b\i, to equip.
\Bfit\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i suitable or right: 'that burnt toast is not \Ifit\j\b\i to be eaten'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being in good health or physical condition: 'she is still not quite \Ifit\j\b\i after the long illness'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we laughed until we were \Ifit\j\b\i to die' (= ready).
\Bfit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the manner in which something fits: 'the \Ifit\j\b\i of the coat is perfect'. \Bfitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a suitable manner.
#
\Hfit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden, violent burst or outburst: 'in a \Ifit\j\b\i of rage she threw the plate against the wall'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i an uncontrollable, repeated contraction of the muscles, leading to a loss of consciousness. Also called a \Bconvulsion\j\b\i.
\Bby fits and starts\j\b\i, \Bby fits\j\b\i, 'he's only capable of working \Iby fits and starts\j\b\i' (= in intermittent bursts).
\Bfitful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
irregular or intermittent. \Bfitfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfitfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old English \Ifytt\j\b\i a struggle
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\Hfitter\h
\Pnoun\p a person whose work is to fit things, especially in the assembly of mechanical parts or machines.
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\Hfitting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of fitting, especially the trying on and adjusting of clothes for size.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of clothes) a size.
\CX13.\j\b\i any device or equipment provided for something, such as furnishings or fixtures in a house. \Bfitting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, appropriate or suitable; \Bfittingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfittingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfive\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 5 in Arabic numerals, V in Roman numerals. \Bfive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfifth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfive hundred\h
\ICards:\j\b\i a simplified form of bridge in which players aim for a score of five hundred.
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\Hfiver\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a five dollar or five pound note.
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\Hfix\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or hold secure: 'the post was \Ifixed\j\b\i into the ground'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to repair or put in good condition: 'can you \Ifix\j\b\i this broken light?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make permanent and unchanging: 'he \Ifixed\j\b\i the colour with a chemical spray'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we all \Ifixed\j\b\i our attention on the speaker' (= directed).
b) 'the teacher \Ifixed\j\b\i her with an angry glare' (= singled out).
c) 'the rent is \Ifixed\j\b\i at $480 a month' (= settled).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the result of the fight was \Ifixed\j\b\i by an organised syndicate' (= arranged dishonestly).
e) 'the insect was \Ifixed\j\b\i for study under the microscope' (= killed and preserved).
\Bfix on\j\b\i, \Bfix upon\j\b\i, 'we have not yet \Ifixed on\j\b\i a place to go for our holiday' (= decided on, chosen).
\Bfix\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a difficult or awkward situation.
\CX12.\j\b\i the finding of one's position or bearings by observation, calculation, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an injection of a hard drug such as heroin. \Bfixedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfixation\h
\Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a persistent attachment to a person, object or type of behaviour, usually formed at an early stage in psychological development and leading to an inability to form normal relationships, etc. \Bfixate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfixative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fik\j\b\isa-tiv \Pnoun\p any substance which fixes, hardens or preserves.
#
\Hfixed assets\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i any assets, such as machinery, which are kept for use rather than resale.
#
\Hfixed star\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a star in a constellation which, being so remote, appears not to move in relation to its companion stars. Compare \Jplanet\j\b\i.
#
\Hfixer\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i a chemical used on developed film to stop further action of light changing the image.
#
\Hfixity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fik\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being fixed or permanent.
#
\Hfixture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fiks\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an object which is fixed into position, such as the lights in a house.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the cleaner has been a \Ifixture\j\b\i in the firm for 57 years' (= permanent or long-established figure).
\CX12.\j\b\i the fixing or prearrangement of the date of a sporting event.
#
\Hfizz\h
\Pverb\p to hiss or bubble vigorously, as an aerated drink. \Bfizz\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfizzy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hfizzle\h
\Pverb\p to splutter weakly.
\Bfizzle out\j\b\i, 'the party \Ifizzled out\j\b\i after the music stopped' (= ended feebly or in failure). \Bfizzle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfjord\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1ord\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jfiord\j\b\i.
#
\Hflab\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any visible body fat.
#
\Hflabbergast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flabb\j\b\ia-garst \Pverb\p to shock or astonish extremely.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flass\j\b\iid \Padjective\p flabby or drooping: 'his \Iflaccid\j\b\i muscles indicated a lack of exercise'. \Bflaccidness\j\b\i, \Bflaccidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fla-\CX1sidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bflaccidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hflag (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a square or oblong cloth with a distinctive pattern, usually coloured, indicating nationality, ownership, a club or a signal; usually attached by one edge to a cord, stick or post.
\Bflag\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bflagged\j\b\i, \Bflagging\j\b\i)
a) to wave or signal a person to stop: 'we \Iflagged\j\b\i down a passing truck to ask for help'. b) to attach a signal to an object to distinguish it from others: 'I will \Iflag\j\b\i the page so it is easy to find'.
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\Hflag (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflagged\j\b\i, \Bflagging\j\b\i)
to weaken or lose strength: 'our enthusiasm \Iflagged\j\b\i as we realised the hard work ahead'.
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\Hflag (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a flagstone. \Bflag\j\b\i (\Bflagged\j\b\i, \Bflagging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to pave with flagstones.
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\Hflag (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an iris.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for any of a number of rushes.
#
\Hflagellate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flaj\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to whip or flog.
a person who whips himself or herself, especially as a religious discipline. \Bflagellation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflagellum\h
\Isay\j\b\i fla-\CX1jell\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p plural is \Bflagella\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a long hair-like appendage serving as an organ of locomotion on bacteria, etc. \Bflagellate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having flagella. Latin, a whip
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\Hflagitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i fla-\CX1jish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p extremely wicked or criminal.
#
\Hflag officer\h
any naval officer having the rank of rear admiral, vice-admiral or admiral and therefore entitled to fly a flag showing such rank.
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\Hflagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flagg\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) a large bottle or container for wine or liquor. b) its contents.
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\Hflagrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flay\j\b\i-gr'nt \Padjective\p being shamefully or deliberately obvious: 'his \Iflagrant\j\b\i disobedience made the teachers very angry'. \Bflagrantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflagrancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iflagrans\j\b\i blazing
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\Hflagship\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship flying an admiral's flag.
\CX12.\j\b\i a leading example of a manufactured line or business enterprise.
#
\Hflagstone\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bflag\j\b\i
a flat heavy piece of stone used for making paths, roads, etc.
#
\Hflail\h
\Pnoun\p a tool with a long handle and a freely moving bar at the end, used to thresh grain.
\Bflail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to thresh with or as if with a flail.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the swimmer's arms \Iflailed\j\b\i wildly as the wave swept over him' (= thrashed about).
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\Hflair\h
\Pnoun\p a natural ability or talent. Old French \Iflairer\j\b\i to smell out
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\Hflak\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anti-aircraft fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) harsh criticism or wordy abuse. from German, \Bfl\j\b\i(ieger) \Ba\j\b\i(bwehr) \Bk\j\b\i(anone), anti-aircraft gun
#
\Hflake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small lightweight piece of anything, especially one detached from a larger mass: 'a \Iflake\j\b\i of skin peeled off her sunburnt nose'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a fillet of shark flesh, usually coated with batter and fried.
\Bflake\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to peel, separate or fall in flakes.
\Bflake out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the athlete \Iflaked out\j\b\i after completing the race' (= collapsed, fainted). \Bflaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bflakily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflamboyant\h
\Isay\j\b\i flam-\CX1boy\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p bold, elaborate or showy, especially in an exaggerated way. \Bflamboyantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflamboyance\j\b\i, \Bflamboyancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French, flaming
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\Hflame\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sheet or tongue of fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reddish-orange colour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iflame\j\b\i of the neon lights made the city look like a fairyland' (= brilliant colour or light).
\Bold flame\j\b\i, 'she finally married an old \Iflame\j\b\i from her youth' (= sweetheart).
\Bflame\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to burn or glow with flames.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her face \Iflamed\j\b\i with embarrassment' (= became red).
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\Hflamenco\h
\Isay\j\b\i fla-\CX1men\j\b\iko \Pnoun\p a lively style of guitar music and dancing characteristic of the gipsies of southern Spain.
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\Hflame-tree\h
\Pnoun\p an ornamental, semi-deciduous tree with scarlet, bell-shaped flowers, from north-eastern Australia.
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\Hflamingo\h
\Isay\j\b\i fla-\CX1ming\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p plural is \Bflamingoes\j\b\i
a long-legged, tropical, wading bird with a long neck and pink or red feathers. Latin \Iflamma\j\b\i a flame
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\Hflammable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flamm\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p inflammable. \Bflammable, inflammable\j\b\i can be used interchangeably to describe materials that will burn. The confusion arises with the use of the prefix 'in' which normally indicates the negative form of the word it precedes; this is not the case here. However, it is suggested that \Iflammable\j\b\i is less likely to cause confusion.
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\Hflan\h
\Pnoun\p a round, open pastry shell, filled with fruit, custard or cream.
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\Hflange\h
\Isay\j\b\i flanj \Pnoun\p a projecting rim by which objects are joined or kept in place. \Bflange\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to project like a flange, b) to form as a flange.
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\Hflank\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fleshy part of the side of animals, including humans.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of meat from the flank of an animal.
\CX13.\j\b\i the side of anything: 'the left \Iflank\j\b\i of the army opened fire first'.
\Bflank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be situated at the flank or side of, especially to provide protection.
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\Hflannel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a warm, soft woollen fabric.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any clothes made of flannel, especially cricket trousers.
\CX13.\j\b\i a face washer.
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\Hflannelette\h
\Isay\j\b\i flanna-\CX1let\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a soft, cotton fabric made to imitate flannel.
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\Hflannelflower\h
\Pnoun\p an Australian plant covered with down and having white, woolly, petal-like bracts surrounding many tiny flowers.
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\Hflap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loose, partly joined piece: 'he sealed down the \Iflap\j\b\i of the envelope'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a loose, swinging or waving movement. b) the sound it makes.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fuss or panic.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAeronautics:\j\b\i See \Jair-brake\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i a small, cheap cut of meat from above the breast of the animal.
\Bflap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bflapped\j\b\i, \Bflapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) (of wings, arms, etc.) to move vigorously up and down. b) to swing or wave loosely: 'the flag \Iflapped\j\b\i in the breeze'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a muffled slapping sound.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to panic or make a fuss.
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\Hflapjack\h
\Pnoun\p a pancake.
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\Hflapper\h
\Pnoun\p an unconventional young woman in the 1920s.
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\Hflare\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to burst into a bright, strong flame: 'the match \Iflared\j\b\i in the darkness'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'tempers \Iflared\j\b\i during the long and exhausting debate' (= erupted, burst fiercely).
\CX12.\j\b\i to burn with an unsteady flame: 'the candle \Iflared\j\b\i in the breeze'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to spread or curve outwards: 'her skirt \Iflared\j\b\i from the waist'.
\Bflare\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a flaring or blazing flame.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices which give a brilliant white or coloured light, used as distress signals at sea, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a spreading or curving outwards.
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\Hflare-up\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden flaring or outburst of anger, excitement or fighting.
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\Hflash\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden burst of light, fire, colour, etc.: 'a \Iflash\j\b\i of lightning'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in a \Iflash\j\b\i of inspiration, she wrote two more paragraphs of her novel' (= brief burst).
\CX12.\j\b\i a short item of urgent news or information.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i any device, such as a flashbulb, attached to a camera to provide a brief source of artificial light for a photograph. An \Belectronic flash\j\b\i provides repeated single flashes from a store of electricity.
\CX14.\j\b\i an emblem of a military unit, usually worn on the sleeve.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bflash in the pan\j\b\i, 'his success was a \Iflash in the pan\j\b\i and was soon forgotten' (= brilliant but short-lived).
\Bin a flash\j\b\i, 'this detergent will clean your windows \Iin a flash\j\b\i' (= instantly, at once).
\Bflash\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give off or send a flash.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the idea \Iflashed\j\b\i through his mind' (= went suddenly and quickly).
b) 'her eyes \Iflashed\j\b\i with amusement' (= shone brightly).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Iflashes\j\b\i his money to try and impress people' (= displays ostentatiously).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to momentarily expose the genitals in public. \Bflasher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bflash, flashy\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, brilliant or smart, especially in a showy or vulgar way.
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\Hflashback\h
\Pnoun\p a return to events or actions which occurred in the past, such as the showing of parts of a story out of sequence in a film, novel, etc.
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\Hflash flood\h
a sudden flood, such as water rushing down a mountain valley after heavy rain.
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\Hflashing\h
\Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i a protective strip of metal used to cover corners or joints, e.g. where a roof meets a wall.
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\Hflashlight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an electric torch.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i See \Jflash\j\b\i.
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\Hflashpoint\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off sufficient inflammable vapour to produce a flash in the presence of a small flame.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'tempers reached a \Iflashpoint\j\b\i after he was sacked' (= uncontrollable level).
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\Hflashy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jflash\j\b\i.
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\Hflask\h
\Pnoun\p a small, flat bottle for liquids.
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\Hflat (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i level and smooth: 'the \Iflat\j\b\i desert country stretched unendingly to the horizon'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not deep or high: '\Iflat\j\b\i shoes'.
\CX13.\j\b\i fixed or absolute: a) 'there is a \Iflat\j\b\i rate for the hire of all cars'; b) 'his \Iflat\j\b\i refusal did not surprise us'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) being lowered in pitch by a semitone. b) noticeably below true pitch. Compare \Jsharp\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of a battery) totally discharged.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he fell \Iflat\j\b\i on his face in the mud' (= at full length).
b) 'my bicycle has a \Iflat\j\b\i front tyre' (= deflated).
c) 'his low, \Iflat\j\b\i voice was difficult to hear' (= monotonous, uninteresting).
d) 'this lemonade is quite \Iflat\j\b\i' (= without bubbles).
e) 'the comedian made several \Iflat\j\b\i jokes' (= unsuccessful).
f) 'the walls were painted in a \Iflat\j\b\i yellow' (= not shiny).
\Bflat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any flat surface or part.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the car has another \Iflat\j\b\i' (= flat tyre).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any low-lying land, especially near water: 'river \Iflats\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i any flat piece of scenery, usually of canvas or wood and joined with others to make up the set.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a flat note. b) the sign indicating this.
\Bflat\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in a flat position: 'he laid the paper \Iflat\j\b\i on the table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i exactly or absolutely.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfall flat\j\b\i, to fail.
\Bflat out\j\b\i, 'he ran \Iflat out\j\b\i to catch the bus' (= as fast as possible). \Bflatness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bflatly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hflat (2)\h
\Pnoun\p in America called an \Bapartment\j\b\i
one or more rooms rented to live in, usually with kitchen and bathroom.
\Bflat\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bflatted\j\b\i, \Bflatting\j\b\i)
to live with other people, usually peers, as a domestic unit. \Bflatmate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, someone who shares a flat.
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\Hflatfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of side-swimming fish, such as the flounder, having a flattened body and both eyes on one side of its head.
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\Hflat-footed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the arch of the foot flattened so that most of the sole rests on the ground when standing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) clumsy or awkward.
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\Hflat-head\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of carnivorous fish with a flat body and a large head.
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\Hflatiron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flat\j\b\i-eye-on \Pnoun\p an iron, especially one that is heated on a stove, etc.
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\Hflat race\h
a race run on a level course with no obstacles.
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\Hflat spin\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of great confusion or panic.
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\Hflatten\h
\Pverb\p to make or become flat.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iflattened\j\b\i her with his stinging rebuke' (= disconcerted, crushed).
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\Hflatter\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to praise extremely, especially in order to please or win favour.
\CX12.\j\b\i to please or make grateful: 'the young mother was \Iflattered\j\b\i by our attention to her baby'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to show or portray favourably: 'this photo really \Iflatters\j\b\i you'.
\Bflatter oneself\j\b\i, 'do not \Iflatter yourself\j\b\i that you will win the prize' (= wrongly believe). \Bflatterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who flatters; \Bflattery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflatulence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flat\j\b\i-yoo-l'nce \Pnoun\p flatulency the state of having excess gas in the stomach or intestines which causes belching or a bloated feeling. \Bflatulent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) suffering from flatulence, b) pretentious; \Bflatulently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iflatus\j\b\i blowing
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\Hflatworm\h
\Pnoun\p any platyhelminth.
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\Hflaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i flawnt \Pverb\p to display boldly or ostentatiously.
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\Hflautist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flaw\j\b\i-tist \Pnoun\p a person who plays the flute.
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\Hflavour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flay\j\b\i-va \Pnoun\p flavor \CX11.\j\b\i a distinctive taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i a characteristic quality: 'there is a \Iflavour\j\b\i of dishonesty about this transaction'.
\Bflavour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give flavour to: 'the stew was \Iflavoured\j\b\i with fresh herbs'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iflavoured\j\b\i his story with many romantic details' (= added colour to).
\Bflavour of the month\j\b\i, a short-lived fashion or preference: 'Last year Emile was this company's \Iflavour of the month\j\b\i, now he's looking for a job'. \Bflavoursome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of flavour.
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\Hflavouring\h
\Pnoun\p flavoring any substance used to add flavour.
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\Hflaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a crack or break. b) a defect or fault: 'the antique cup had a small \Iflaw\j\b\i in the handle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which lessens the value or beauty of another: 'laziness is the only \Iflaw\j\b\i in her character'. \Bflaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spoil or mar; \Bflawlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflawlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflax\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various annual plants with narrow leaves and blue flowers, cultivated for their oil-bearing seeds (linseed) and fine fibre.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fibre made from this plant and used to make linen yarn.
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\Hflaxen\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or made of flax.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the pale yellowish colour of treated flax.
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\Hflay\h
\Pverb\p to strip the skin off.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the theatre company's latest performance was \Iflayed\j\b\i by the critics' (= criticised harshly).
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\Hflea\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, wingless leaping insects which suck blood and are parasitic on mammals and birds.
\Ba flea in one's ear\j\b\i, a sharp rebuke.
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\Hflea market\h
a market, especially one in the open air, where second-hand articles are sold.
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\Hfleck\h
\Pnoun\p a small spot or mark of colour or light. \Bfleck\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to mark with flecks or spots.
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\Hfledge\h
\Pverb\p See \Jfletch\j\b\i.
\Bfledged\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of birds) having feathers and able to fly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the scheme is now fully \Ifledged\j\b\i and ready for trial' (= prepared).
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\Hfledgling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flej\j\b\i-ling \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a young bird just able to fly.
\CX12.\j\b\i a young or inexperienced person.
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\Hflee\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfled\j\b\i, \Bfleeing\j\b\i)
to run away from danger, pursuers, etc.: 'the villagers \Ifled\j\b\i as the troops invaded'.
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\Hfleece\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the wool of a sheep, especially the wool shorn at one time.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fabric with a soft pile, used for lining garments to give them extra warmth.
\Bfleece\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove the fleece from a sheep.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'investors were \Ifleeced\j\b\i by the dishonest company' (= swindled). \Bfleecy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being lined with or made of fleece; \Bfleecie\j\b\i, \Bfleece-oh\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who picks up fleeces immediately after shearing.
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\Hfleet (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large group of ships or other vehicles travelling together or organised by one company.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INavy:\j\b\i the largest organised unit of ships or warships under one officer.
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\Hfleet (2)\h
\Padjective\p swift or fast. \Bfleetness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfleetly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfleeting\h
\Padjective\p passing or moving swiftly: 'a \Ifleeting\j\b\i glance'. \Bfleetingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hflense\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bflench\j\b\i
to strip the blubber from a whale or seal.
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\Hflesh\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the soft part of an animal body, a fruit or vegetable, excluding the skin, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the physical body or nature of a person, as distinct from the soul or spirit.
\CX13.\j\b\i the surface of the body: 'her \Iflesh\j\b\i was blue with cold'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bflesh and blood\j\b\i, a) 'do not be afraid of me, I am only \Iflesh and blood\j\b\i' (= human); b) 'we are of the same \Iflesh and blood\j\b\i' (= family).
\Bin the flesh\j\b\i, 'you will soon be able to see this famous international star \Iin the flesh\j\b\i' (= in person).
\Bflesh\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove flesh from hides for the processing of leather.
\Bflesh out\j\b\i, to fill in more detail.
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\Hfleshly\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to flesh or the body, especially as distinct from the spirit.
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\Hfleshpots\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a place or condition of luxury or good living.
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\Hfleshy\h
\Padjective\p of or having much flesh: 'this climate produces large, \Ifleshy\j\b\i fruit'. \Bfleshiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfletch\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bfledge\j\b\i
\IArchery:\j\b\i to fit feathers or plastic vanes to an arrow.
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\Hfleur-de-lis\h
\Isay\j\b\i fler-de-\CX1lee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfleurs-de-lis\j\b\i
an emblem with three petals or leaves gathered at the base, which was used as the armorial bearings of the French monarchy. French \Ifleur\j\b\i flower + \Ide lys\j\b\i of lily
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\Hflew\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bfly (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hflex\h
\Pverb\p to bend or stretch something springy, such as a muscle.
\Bflex\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a length of insulated electric cable.
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\Hflexible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flek\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p able to be bent easily.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his political beliefs are very \Iflexible\j\b\i' (= adaptable). \Bflexibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflexibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fleksi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iflexibilis\j\b\i pliant, tractable
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\Hflexitime\h
\Pnoun\p flextime the policy of allowing employees to vary their time of arrival and departure as long as they work for the usual number of hours in a week.
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\Hflibbertigibbet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flibb\j\b\ia-tee-jibbet \Pnoun\p a silly or flighty person.
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\Hflick\h
\Pverb\p to strike or touch quickly and lightly: 'he impatiently \Iflicked\j\b\i the dust off his coat'.
\Bflick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a quick, light blow or the noise it makes: 'a \Iflick\j\b\i of the wrist she threw the dart'. b) anything flicked or thrown: 'a \Iflick\j\b\i of paint landed on her chin'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, usually plural\j\b\i) a) a film at the cinema. b) the cinema.
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\Hflicker\h
\Pverb\p to burn, shine or move briefly and unsteadily: 'the dying fire \Iflickered\j\b\i gently'.
\Bflicker\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a brief, unsteady movement or light: a) 'there was a \Iflicker\j\b\i of light from the globe before it burnt out'; b) 'a \Iflicker\j\b\i of hope sprang into her eyes'. Old English \Iflicorian\j\b\i to move the wings
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\Hflick-knife\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bswitchblade\j\b\i
a knife with a spring-loaded, retractable blade which is released when a switch is pressed.
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\Hflier\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jflyer\j\b\i.
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\Hflies\h
plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bfly (1)\j\b\i and \Bfly (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hflight (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or manner of flying. b) a journey made by air: 'their \Iflight\j\b\i across the Atlantic was long and tiring'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Iflight\j\b\i of time amazed us all' (= swift movement).
b) 'in a \Iflight\j\b\i of fancy he believed he was the King' (= extraordinary soaring).
\CX12.\j\b\i a number of things flying together: 'a \Iflight\j\b\i of seagulls swooped down to the water'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the distance covered by a flying object, such as a missile, aircraft, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i any unbroken row of stairs.
\CX15.\j\b\i the smallest tactical unit of an airforce, consisting of two or more aircraft. \Bflight\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to attach feathers to an arrow, dart, etc. to make it fly straight.
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\Hflight (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Btake flight\j\b\i, to flee or run away.
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\Hflight deck\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the part of an aeroplane where the controls are situated.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INavy:\j\b\i See \Jaircraft-carrier\j\b\i.
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\Hflightless\h
\Padjective\p not able to fly.
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\Hflight lieutenant\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, ranking between a flying officer and a squadron leader.
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\Hflight sergeant\h
a non-commissioned officer in the airforce.
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\Hflighty\h
\Padjective\p silly, frivolous or fickle.
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\Hflimsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flim\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p weak and easily damaged or destroyed. \Bflimsiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflinch\h
\Pverb\p to move back or away from, as in fear, repulsion, etc. \Bflinch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfling\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflung\j\b\i, \Bflinging\j\b\i)
to throw violently: 'he \Iflung\j\b\i the door open'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iflung\j\b\i off with an angry exclamation' (= rushed).
\Bfling\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of flinging or throwing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a spree: 'have a \Ifling\j\b\i and buy yourself some new clothes.
\CX13.\j\b\i a lively Scottish dance in which the arms and legs are flung about.
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\Hflint\h
\Pnoun\p a) a very hard and brittle form of silica which produces a spark when struck with steel. b) the alloy which produces a spark in cigarette lighters. c) \IArcheological:\j\b\i a flint tool used by prehistoric humans.
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\Hflintlock\h
\Pnoun\p a musket fired by lighting the gunpowder with a spark from a flint.
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\Hflinty\h
\Padjective\p of or resembling flint.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iflinty\j\b\i eyes of the bandit terrified the hostages' (= hard, cruel). \Bflintily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflintiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflipped\j\b\i, \Bflipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or throw with a snapping or jerking movement: 'to \Iflip\j\b\i a coin into the air'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to strike lightly and quickly: 'he \Iflipped\j\b\i the page with his finger'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become angry or upset.
\Bflip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a quick, abrupt movement: 'at a \Iflip\j\b\i of the switch the lights came on'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a somersault: 'a back \Iflip\j\b\i'.
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\Hflip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a drink made with alcohol, eggs, sugar and often spices.
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\Hflip-flop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, repeated flapping movement or noise.
\CX12.\j\b\i an electronic device which has alternate states, such as on or off.
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\Hflippant\h
\Padjective\p not suitably or sufficiently serious. \Bflippancy\j\b\i, \Bflippantness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bflippantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hflipper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a broad, flat limb on certain aquatic animals, such as whales and seals, used for swimming, guidance, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of two rubber objects shaped like animal flippers and attached to the feet to aid swimming.
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\Hflip side\h
the side of a gramophone record carrying a less popular song, etc.
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\Hflirt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to behave in a light-hearted amorous manner.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat or consider light-heartedly: 'we have been \Iflirting\j\b\i with the idea of buying a new car'. \Bflirt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who flirts; \Bflirtation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of flirting, b) a light-hearted love affair; \Bflirtatious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, given to flirtation; \Bflirtatiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bflirtatiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflitted\j\b\i, \Bflitting\j\b\i)
to move lightly and quickly: 'all she saw was a shadow \Iflit\j\b\i behind the tree'. \Bflit\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflitch\h
\Pnoun\p a side of bacon.
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\Hflitter\h
\Pverb\p to flutter.
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\Hfloat\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rest on, move or be held up in air, liquid, etc.: a) 'she \Ifloated\j\b\i on her back in the pool'; b) 'the memory continued to \Ifloat\j\b\i in his mind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ifloated\j\b\i through the day in happy contentment' (= moved easily).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a) to sell shares to the public so that a company may gain listing on a stock exchange. b) to remove restrictions on the value of a currency in the world market so that it may find its own natural level.
\Bfloat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which floats or provides support for floating, such as the quill and cork device on a fishing line, or the floating device in a cistern or carburettor which regulates the level or supply of liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large trailer used to transport horses.
\CX13.\j\b\i a low cart or platform on wheels, drawn in processions.
\CX14.\j\b\i a small reserve of cash to provide a till with the means of giving change on the first sales.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i a flat tool for surfacing setting concrete, etc.
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\Hfloating rib\h
also called a \Bfalse rib\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the lower two pairs of ribs, so called because they are not joined to the sternum.
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\Hflocculation\h
\Isay\j\b\i flok-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the clotting of fine particles into larger lumps. \Bflocculate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bflocculant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance added to solutions to produce flocculation; \Bflocculent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having loose, woolly masses.
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\Hflock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a group of birds, sheep or goats. b) a crowd of people. \Bflock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to go or gather in a flock.
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\Hflock (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tuft of wool, hair or other substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i wool refuse, rags, etc. cut in small pieces and used to stuff furniture, mattresses, etc.
\Bflock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover or fill with flock, as a mattress.
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\Hfloe\h
\Pnoun\p a small mass of floating ice. Norwegian \Iflo\j\b\i a layer
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\Hflog\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflogged\j\b\i, \Bflogging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike or beat with a whip, stick, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to sell. b) to steal.
\Bflog a dead horse\j\b\i, to persist in a useless argument or effort.
\Bflogging\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a punishment by whipping or beating.
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\Hflood\h
\Isay\j\b\i flud \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an overflowing of water, especially onto land which is usually dry.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large flow or stream: 'a \Iflood\j\b\i of congratulations greeted the winners'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a floodlight.
\Bflood\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to rise or overflow in a flood.
\CX12.\j\b\i to occur in great quantities: 'entries \Iflooded\j\b\i in for the competition'.
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\Hfloodlight\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bflood\j\b\i
a light with a strong, broad beam, used in a theatre or outdoors. \Bfloodlight\j\b\i (\Bfloodlit\j\b\i or \Bfloodlighted\j\b\i, \Bfloodlighting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfloor\h
\Isay\j\b\i flor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the lower, horizontal surface of a room or other structure.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the sunken ship rested on the \Ifloor\j\b\i of the sea' (= bottom).
\CX12.\j\b\i the main part of a hall, etc.: 'the \Ifloor\j\b\i of the stock exchange'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a storey.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave\j\b\i, \Btake the floor\j\b\i, 'when he \Ihas the floor\j\b\i nobody is allowed to interrupt' (= is speaking).
\Bwipe the floor with\j\b\i, 'the champion \Iwiped the floor with\j\b\i his opponent' (= defeated completely).
\Bfloor\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cover or provide with a floor.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to defeat. b) to stun or confound: 'I was quite \Ifloored\j\b\i by her sudden change of mood'. \Bflooring\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a floor or floors, b) the materials used to make a floor.
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\Hfloor show\h
a form of entertainment consisting of songs, dances or a comedy act, usually in a nightclub.
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\Hfloorwalker\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bshopwalker\j\b\i
a person employed in a large shop to direct customers, detect stealing, etc.
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\Hfloozy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bfloozie\j\b\i
(\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a) a flashy young woman. b) a prostitute.
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\Hflop\h
\Pverb\p (\Bflopped\j\b\i, \Bflopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fall, drop or collapse suddenly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fail. \Bflop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfloppy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to droop or flop; \Bfloppiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfloppily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hflophouse\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a dosshouse.
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\Hfloppy disk\h
also called \Bdiskette\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdisk\j\b\i.
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\Hflora\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i all the plants of a certain area or period. Compare \Jfauna\j\b\i. Latin \IFlora\j\b\i goddess of Flowers
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\Hfloral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1florr\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or relating to flowers. Latin \Ifloris\j\b\i of a flower
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\Hfloret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1florr\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p also called a \Bfloweret\j\b\i
a small, individual flower of a composite flower head.
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\Hfloriculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i florri-\CX1kul\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p the production and cultivation of flowers and other decorative plants. \Bfloricultural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfloriculturist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflorid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1florr\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i flushed or highly coloured: 'a \Iflorid\j\b\i complexion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i highly decorated or elaborate: 'his \Iflorid\j\b\i prose was difficult to read and understand'. Latin \Ifloridus\j\b\i flower
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\Hflorin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1florr\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p an old coin equal to 2 shillings.
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\Hflorist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1florr\j\b\iist \Pnoun\p a person who sells flowers, indoor plants, etc.
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\Hfloss\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fine, silk fibre used for decoration in embroidery.
\CX12.\j\b\i any silky thread-like substance.
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\Hflotation\h
\Isay\j\b\i flo-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of floating or causing to float.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a process for separating different materials in an ore by suspending them in a liquid.
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\Hflotilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i flo-\CX1till\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a small fleet, or division of a fleet. Spanish
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\Hflotsam\h
\Pnoun\p any wreckage or rubbish floating on the sea. Compare \Jjetsam\j\b\i.
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\Hflounce (1)\h
\Pverb\p to move or go with quick, impatient movements: 'he \Iflounced\j\b\i out of the room slamming the door behind him'. \Bflounce\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflounce (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a strip of gathered material attached by one edge to a skirt, etc. for decoration. \Bflounce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to decorate with one or more flounces.
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\Hflounder (1)\h
\Pverb\p to struggle helplessly or clumsily: 'he \Ifloundered\j\b\i through his speech and sat down with relief'. \Bflounder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflounder (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various flatfish with a large mouth and both eyes usually occurring on the left side of the head.
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\Hflour\h
\Isay\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the finely ground substance made from wheat, used in cooking.
\CX12.\j\b\i the finely ground substance made from other specified grain, e.g. cornflour, rye-flour, etc.
\Bflour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover or sprinkle with flour. \Bfloury\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or covered with flour.
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\Hflourish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flurr\j\b\iish \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to grow or be well, healthy, active, etc.: 'business \Iflourished\j\b\i under the new management'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to wave or display enthusiastically: 'she rushed in \Iflourishing\j\b\i her first pay cheque'.
\Bflourish\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an enthusiastic wave or display.
\CX12.\j\b\i a decorative curve in handwriting.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a fanfare. Latin \Iflorere\j\b\i to bloom
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\Hflout\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pverb\p to oppose or treat with contempt: 'despite the school's stern warnings he continues to \Iflout\j\b\i the rules'.
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\Hflow\h
\Isay\j\b\i flo \Pverb\p (of liquid) to move smoothly: 'water \Iflowed\j\b\i from the roof down the walls'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her hair \Iflowed\j\b\i down her back' (= hung loosely).
b) 'the meeting \Iflowed\j\b\i very smoothly except for a few interruptions' (= proceeded).
c) 'has anything \Iflowed\j\b\i from your inquiries?' (= resulted).
\Bflow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any continuous flowing or pouring movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quantity or volume which flows.
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\Hflow chart\h
also called a \Bflow diagram\j\b\i
a diagram showing a logical step-by-step sequence of events.
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\Hflower\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the part of a seed plant containing the reproductive organs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plant grown or considered for its decorative flowers.
\CX13.\j\b\i the best or finest part or example of anything: 'she died in the \Iflower\j\b\i of her youth'.
\Bflower\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to produce flowers.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her talent \Iflowered\j\b\i under the encouragement of her teacher' (= developed fully).
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\Hfloweret\h
\Pnoun\p a floret.
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\Hflower head\h
a flower consisting of a dense cluster of small individual flowers.
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\Hflowery\h
\Padjective\p (of language) highly decorative or elaborate. \Bfloweriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflown\h
\Isay\j\b\i flone \Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfly (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hflu\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) influenza. \Bflu\j\b\i is a common abbreviation for \Iinfluenza\j\b\i which came into English from Italian where it meant influence but was also the name given to an outbreak of a specific disease known as \Iinfluenza di catarro\j\b\i (catarrh) which broke out in Italy in 1743 and spread throughout Europe, including Britain (where it was known simply as \Iinfluenza\j\b\i).
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\Hfluctuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flukt\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p to vary in a wave-like or irregular way: 'his moods \Ifluctuate\j\b\i between extreme happiness and deep depression'. \Bfluctuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifluctuare\j\b\i to move like the waves
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\Hflue\h
\Isay\j\b\i floo \Pnoun\p a) a passage for smoke in a chimney. b) a pipe or tube, e.g. on an oven or furnace, through which smoke and hot gases are drawn off.
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\Hfluent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-ent \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to express oneself clearly and easily: 'her \Ifluent\j\b\i Italian surprised the other tourists'.
\CX12.\j\b\i flowing smoothly and gracefully: 'the \Ifluent\j\b\i curves of the dome-shaped building blended with the undulating land'. \Bfluency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfluently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfluff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any light, downy substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a failed or mismanaged attempt.
\Bfluff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become puffed out.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to do clumsily or unsuccessfully. \Bfluffy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or covered with fluff.
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\Hfluid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-id \Pnoun\p a substance, a liquid or gas, which flows.
\Bfluid\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or consisting of fluid.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to flow.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ifluid\j\b\i voice of the speaker soothed the audience' (= flowing, smooth). \Bfluidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i floo-\CX1idd\j\b\ia-tee), \Bfluidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bfluidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfluid ounce\h
a) a unit of volume for liquids, equal to about 28.4 mL. b) (in America) a unit of volume for liquids, equal to about 29.6 mL.
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\Hfluke (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the flat triangular blade at either end of the arm of an anchor.
\CX12.\j\b\i either triangular half of the tail of a whale.
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\Hfluke (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a stroke of good luck. \Bfluke\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to win or gain by a fluke; \Bfluky\j\b\i, \Bflukey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, obtained by chance or a fluke.
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\Hfluke (3)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Btrematode\j\b\i
a parasitic flatworm with one or more suckers.
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\Hflume\h
\Pnoun\p an artificial water channel for industrial use or for carrying logs.
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\Hflummery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1flumm\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a light, fluffy dessert made of milk, eggs, sugar, flour, etc. Welsh
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\Hflummox\h
\Pverb\p to bewilder or confuse.
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\Hflung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfling\j\b\i.
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\Hflunk\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fail or record a failing mark in an examination, course, etc. \Bflunk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hflunkey\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a male servant or obsequious person.
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\Hfluorescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i flor-\CX1ess\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p the property, possessed by certain substances, of absorbing radiation of a particular wavelength and giving it off as light. b) the light produced. \Bfluorescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the property of fluorescence, as certain electric lights; \Bfluoresce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfluoridation\h
\Isay\j\b\i floo-ra-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the addition of small traces of a fluoride (usually sodium fluoride, formula NaF) to the water supply to strengthen tooth enamel. \Bfluoridate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfluoride\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-ride \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a chemical compound containing fluorine, often used in toothpaste.
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\Hfluorination\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-ren-aysh'n \Pnoun\p the treatment of a substance, especially water, with fluorine. \Bfluorinate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfluorine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-reen \Pnoun\p element number 9, a yellow, highly reactive gas. Its organic compounds are widely used in industry, especially in plastics and as refrigerants. See \Jhalogen\j\b\i.
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\Hfluorocarbon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-ro-karb'n \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of artificially created organic compounds in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine.
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\Hflurry\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden whirling movement: 'a \Iflurry\j\b\i of snow'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were all in a \Iflurry\j\b\i of excitement on Christmas morning' (= confused hurry). \Bflurry\j\b\i (\Bflurried\j\b\i, \Bflurrying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause to be in a flurry.
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\Hflush (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become red: 'the child's face was \Iflushed\j\b\i with joy and excitement'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the team was \Iflushed\j\b\i with their first success' (= elated, excited).
\CX12.\j\b\i to flood with water for cleaning purposes, etc.
\Bflush\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a red or rosy glow of colour.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was quite bewildered in the first \Iflush\j\b\i of his success' (= excitement).
b) 'the \Iflush\j\b\i of youth was still on the old man's cheeks' (= freshness).
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\Hflush (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i even or level: 'this picture is not quite \Iflush\j\b\i with the top of the door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) having plenty of money. \Bflush\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hflush (3)\h
\Pverb\p \IHunting:\j\b\i to cause game to burst from hiding.
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\Hflush (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a hand all of one suit.
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\Hfluster\h
\Pverb\p to make confused, excited or nervous. \Bfluster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a nervous or confused state.
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\Hflute\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a wind instrument consisting of a long tube with keys or fingerholes, held by the player who blows air across the mouthpiece.
\CX12.\j\b\i a flautist.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a long, rounded furrow or channel, e.g. on a column.
\CX14.\j\b\i a tall, slender glass: 'a champagne \Iflute\j\b\i'.
\Bflute\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to play or make sounds like a flute.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form flutes or furrows in a surface.
#
\Hfluting\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\i-ting \Pnoun\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a collection of flutes or furrows on a surface.
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\Hflutter\h
\Pverb\p to wave or move quickly and lightly: 'the flag \Ifluttered\j\b\i in the warm breeze'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children \Ifluttered\j\b\i around the Christmas tree' (= moved excitedly).
\Bflutter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a light, quick movement. b) a short, high-pitched sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i a nervous or excited state.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a bet.
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\Hfluvial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1floo\j\b\ivial \Padjective\p of or produced by a river: '\Ifluvial\j\b\i deposits'.
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\Hflux\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flowing or continuous movement or change.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) a flow of matter or energy. b) the rate of such a flow.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i a substance used to assist the joining or fusion of two metals. \Bflux\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to melt or flow. Latin \Ifluxus\j\b\i flowing
to move or cause to move through the air: 'the seagull \Iflew\j\b\i high above the water'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the door \Iflew\j\b\i open' (= moved quickly).
b) 'the gang will probably try to \Ifly\j\b\i the country' (= flee).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfly in the face of\j\b\i, 'his behaviour \Iflies in the face of\j\b\i all we have taught him' (= openly defies).
\Bfly off the handle\j\b\i, See \Jhandle\j\b\i.
\Bfly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the front fastener of a pair of trousers, usually consisting of buttons or a zip covered with a flap of cloth.
\CX12.\j\b\i a flap of cloth forming the door of a tent.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the space above the stage, used for suspending scenery, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a ball hit high in the air.
\CX15.\j\b\i a one-horse carriage.
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\Hfly (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of two-winged insects (\Btrue flies\j\b\i), in which the hind legs are modified to aid balance.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various similar but unrelated winged insects, such as the firefly.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba fly in the ointment\j\b\i, 'his bad temper was rather \Ia fly in the ointment\j\b\i' (= a spoiling element).
\Bbe no flies on\j\b\i, 'there \Iare no flies on\j\b\i that shrewd young man' (= is nothing naive or incautious about).
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\Hflyblown\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of meat) maggoty.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) dirty: 'a \Iflyblown\j\b\i restaurant'. b) tarnished: 'a \Iflyblown\j\b\i reputation'.
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\Hfly-by-night\h
\Pnoun\p an untrustworthy person, especially one who leaves in secret to avoid responsibilities, debts, etc.
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\Hflycatcher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of numerous kinds of small birds which perch upright on vantage points and swoop on passing insects.
\CX12.\j\b\i an informal name for various insectivorous plants and sticky weeds.
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\Hflyer\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bflier\j\b\i
a person or thing that flies, such as a pilot.
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\Hfly fishing\h
fishing with artificial flies as bait. Compare \Jcoarse fishing\j\b\i.
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\Hflying boat\h
an aeroplane designed to take off and land on water.
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\Hflying buttress\h
an arched support for a wall which stands separately but is attached by one or more bars or structures. Compare \Jbuttress\j\b\i.
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\Hflying doctor\h
\IAustralian:\j\b\i a doctor using air transport to reach patients in otherwise inaccessible bush or inland areas.
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\Hflying fish\h
any of a group of fish with an enlarged, wing-like pectoral fin enabling it to fly through the air.
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\Hflying fox\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a device for carrying things across a river or uneven land using overhead wires.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large, tropical fruit-eating bat with a head resembling that of a fox.
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\Hflying officer\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, ranking between a pilot officer and a flight lieutenant.
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\Hflying saucer\h
also called an \Bunidentified flying object\j\b\i (\BUFO\j\b\i)
a disc-shaped object which some claim to have seen in the sky.
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\Hflyleaf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bflyleaves\j\b\i
a blank page at the beginning or end of a book.
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\Hflyover\h
\Pnoun\p a bridge which carries one road over another.
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\Hflypaper\h
\Pnoun\p a paper treated with sticky poison for catching flies.
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\Hflyweight\h
\Pnoun\p a weight division in boxing, equal to about 51 kg.
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\Hflywheel\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy wheel which, because of its momentum, tends to smooth out rapid variations in speed, as in motor vehicle engines, machinery, etc.
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\Hflywire\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bflyscreen\j\b\i
a fine mesh wire used in windows, etc. to keep out flies.
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\Hfoal\h
\Pnoun\p the young of a horse or ass. \Bfoal\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to produce a foal.
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\Hfoam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a collection of tiny bubbles of gas or liquid formed on a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various light, spongy materials used for insulation in packaging, etc. \Bfoam\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfoamy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfoaminess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfob (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small pocket in trousers or a waistcoat to hold a watch, etc. b) a chain, ribbon, etc. attached to the watch and worn hanging from the pocket.
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\Hfob (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfobbed\j\b\i, \Bfobbing\j\b\i)
\Bfob off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to get rid of, especially in a cunning way.
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\Hfocaccia\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-\CX1kar\j\b\i-cheea \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a flat, white Italian bread.
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\Hfocal length\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the distance from the centre of a lens or mirror to the focus.
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\Hfocal plane\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the plane through the focus of a lens or mirror, which is perpendicular to a line through the focus and the centre.
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\Hfocal point\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the main point of interest, activity, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a focus.
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\Hfo'c'sle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1foke\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bforecastle\j\b\i
a) the part of a ship, near the bow, where the sailors live. b) the compartment nearest the bow of a yacht.
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\Hfocus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-kus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfoci\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-kye \Ior\j\b\i \Bfo\j\b\i-sigh)
\CX11.\j\b\i the position or adjustment of an object or optical device needed to produce a clearly defined image: 'my camera is not in \Ifocus\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) the point at which converging rays, such as light, meet. b) the point from which diverging rays, such as light, appear to come.
\CX13.\j\b\i a central point of attention, attraction, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a fixed point.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the point where an earthquake starts.
\Bfocus\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bfocused\j\b\i or \Bfocussed\j\b\i, \Bfocusing\j\b\i)
to bring into focus. \Bfocal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a focus; \Bfocalise\j\b\i, \Bfocalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to focus. Latin, fireplace, hearth
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\Hfodder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any food given to livestock, such as hay, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i people considered as being consumed or used up in a particular process or activity: 'factory \Ifodder\j\b\i'.
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\Hfoe\h
\Pnoun\p an enemy or opponent.
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\Hfoetus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bfetus\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the unborn offspring of an animal. \Bfoetal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, a bringing forth, breeding
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\Hfog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dense mass of water droplets suspended in the air, usually reducing visibility.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i the darkening of a negative or print due to light or chemicals.
\Bin a fog\j\b\i, puzzled or confused. \Bfog\j\b\i (\Bfogged\j\b\i, \Bfogging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfoggy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfogginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfoghorn\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a horn used by a ship in fog to warn other ships that it is nearby.
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\Hfogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-gee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfogies\j\b\i or \Bfogeys\j\b\i
a person with extremely old-fashioned ideas.
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\Hfoible\h
\Pnoun\p a slight peculiarity or defect of character.
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\Hfoie gras\h
\Isay\j\b\i fwah \CX1grah\j\b\i a pΓtΘ made with the livers of specially fattened geese. French, fat liver
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\Hfoil (1)\h
\Pverb\p to prevent from being successful: 'the attempted robbery was \Ifoiled\j\b\i by the quick action of the clerk'.
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\Hfoil (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fine paper-like sheet of metal: 'aluminium \Ifoil\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which improves or distinguishes the characteristics of something else by contrast.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a leaf-shaped decorative division, especially around church windows.
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\Hfoil (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a steel sword used in fencing, having a blade with a square cross-section and a rounded button on its point.
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\Hfoist\h
\Pverb\p to impose something on to a person by deceit or trickery.
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\Hfold (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bend or cause to bend over on itself: a) 'he \Ifolded\j\b\i up the newspaper'; b) 'to \Ifold\j\b\i one's arms'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ifolded\j\b\i his arms around her' (= put, wrapped).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i to mix ingredients by slowly and gently turning one part over another.
\Bfold up\j\b\i, to collapse or fail.
\Bfold\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or an instance of folding.
\CX12.\j\b\i the junction of two folded parts.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a bend in layers of rock caused by movement in the earth's crust.
#
\Hfold (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) an enclosed area for sheep. b) a flock of sheep.
\Breturn to the fold\j\b\i, to return to one's family or other group that one has deserted.
#
\H-fold\h
a suffix meaning multiplied by a specified number, as in \Itwofold\j\b\i.
#
\Hfolder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that folds.
\CX12.\j\b\i a folded piece of cardboard, plastic, etc. to hold loose papers.
\CX13.\j\b\i a folded sheet with advertisements, etc. printed on it.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a graphical user interface - GUI) a screen icon, usually in the image of a cardboard folder, which helps users find, organise and activate documents.
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\Hfoliage\h
\Pnoun\p any leaves, especially all the leaves on a tree or plant. Latin \Ifolium\j\b\i leaf
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\Hfoliation\h
\Isay\j\b\i fole-ee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of putting forth leaves.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of having leaves.
\CX13.\j\b\i an arrangement of leaves in a bud. \Bfoliate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having leaves; \Bfoliate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put forth leaves.
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\Hfolic acid\h
one of the substances in the vitamin B group, used in treating some types of anaemia.
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\Hfolio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-lee-o \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfolios\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a large cover or case for loose papers: 'an art \Ifolio\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a book with large pages.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a) a page number. b) a sheet of paper folded once.
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\Hfolivore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1foll\j\b\ie-vore \Pnoun\p an animal which eats mainly leaves.
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\Hfolk\h
\Isay\j\b\i foke \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfolk\j\b\i or \Bfolks\j\b\i
plural \Pnoun\p the traditional ways of living or behaving, which influence people without their being aware of it.
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\Hfollicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1foll\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a very small sac or gland.
#
\Hfollow\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to come or go behind.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ifollow\j\b\i this path to the river' (= go along).
b) 'they \Ifollowed\j\b\i the teacher's instructions' (= obeyed).
c) 'this conclusion \Ifollows\j\b\i from the evidence' (= comes as a result of).
d) 'can you \Ifollow\j\b\i my reasoning?' (= understand).
e) 'we \Ifollowed\j\b\i her career with interest' (= watched the progress of).
f) '\Ifollow\j\b\i my example' (= imitate).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfollow on\j\b\i, (\ICricket\j\b\i) to be obliged to bat again immediately, having failed to obtain half of the other team's score in the first innings. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bfollow-on\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bfollow suit\j\b\i, See \Jsuit\j\b\i.
\Bfollow through\j\b\i, (\ISport\j\b\i) to continue the swing of a racquet, club or bat after the ball has been hit. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bfollow through\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bfollow up\j\b\i, to pursue to a conclusion. \Bfollowing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a group of followers or supporters; \Bfollower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who follows, especially one who imitates or admires another.
#
\Hfolly\h
\Pnoun\p a foolish or senseless act, idea, etc. French \Ifolie\j\b\i madness
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\Hfoment\h
\Isay\j\b\i foe-\CX1ment\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to promote the development of trouble, rebellion, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to apply or bathe in warm or medicated lotions. \Bfomentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfoment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfond\h
\Padjective\p liking or loving: 'she has always been \Ifond\j\b\i of children'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we had \Ifond\j\b\i hopes of us all spending Christmas together' (= cherished, great). \Bfondly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfondness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfondant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fon\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p a thick, sugary paste used in icing, sweets, etc.
#
\Hfondle\h
\Pverb\p to handle or stroke with affection.
#
\Hfondue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fon\j\b\idoo \Pnoun\p any of various dishes cooked in a special pot at the table, such as a mixture of cheese, wine and spices into which cubes of bread are dipped. French \Ifondre\j\b\i to melt
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\Hfont (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a basin, usually stone, which holds water for baptism in a church.
#
\Hfont (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bfount\j\b\i
\IPrinting:\j\b\i a complete range of type characters in one size and typeface.
#
\Hfood\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any material, especially solid material, taken into the body and assimilated for growth, etc. b) a specific kind of such material: 'cereal is usually considered a breakfast \Ifood\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything providing nourishment, ideas, etc.: '\Ifood\j\b\i for thought'.
#
\Hfood chain\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i a chain of organisms in which energy is passed from one organism to the one that eats it. \IExample:\j\b\i grass is eaten by cows which, in turn, are eaten by humans.
#
\Hfoodie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is preoccupied with the quality and taste of food.
#
\Hfoodstuff\h
\Pnoun\p any substance suitable for use as food.
#
\Hfool\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who lacks sense and judgement: 'he was a \Ifool\j\b\i to be talked into buying that old car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is an object of ridicule, disrespect, etc.: 'they made a \Ifool\j\b\i of you'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a jester, formerly kept by kings, etc. to entertain at court.
\Bfool\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to trick or deceive.
\CX12.\j\b\i to joke or play: 'stop \Ifooling\j\b\i about and do some work'. \Bfoolish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lacking sense or wisdom; \Bfoolishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfoolishness\j\b\i, \Bfoolery\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. \Bfool\j\b\i came into English from Old French \Ifol\j\b\i (a mad or stupid person). It in turn came from the Latin word \Ifollis\j\b\i which originally meant bellows or windbag and then came to mean someone who uttered only wind - an idiot, in other words.
#
\Hfoolhardy\h
\Padjective\p unwisely bold or rash. \Bfoolhardiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfoolhardily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfoolproof\h
\Padjective\p of a kind that no-one can mistake or misuse: 'a \Ifoolproof\j\b\i plan'.
#
\Hfoolscap\h
\Pnoun\p a traditional size of typing paper about 330 mm {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 210 mm.
#
\Hfool's gold\h
See \Jpyrites\j\b\i.
#
\Hfoot\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfeet\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the lower end of the leg below the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the position or function of a foot.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she dances with a light \Ifoot\j\b\i' (= step).
b) 'it stands at the \Ifoot\j\b\i of the hill' (= lower end, bottom).
\CX13.\j\b\i a unit of length equal to about 30.48 cm. A foot contains 12 inches.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i the basic unit of division in scansion, each with two or three syllables:
a) an \Banapaest\j\b\i has two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable.
b) an \Biambic\j\b\i has one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable. An \Balexandrine\j\b\i is a verse or line containing six iambic feet.
c) a \Bdactyl\j\b\i has one long or stressed syllable followed by two short or unstressed syllables.
d) a \Bspondee\j\b\i has two long or stressed syllables.
e) a \Btrochee\j\b\i has one long or stressed syllable followed by a short or unstressed syllable.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfall on one's feet\j\b\i, \Bland on one's feet\j\b\i, to be lucky or successful.
\Bfind one's feet\j\b\i, to become independent of the help of others.
\Bmy foot!\j\b\i, nonsense!
\Bput one's foot down\j\b\i, to be strict or firm.
\Bput one's foot in it\j\b\i, to make an embarrassing blunder.
\Bstand on one's own feet\j\b\i, to be self-sufficient.
\Bsweep off one's feet\j\b\i, a) 'the wave \Iswept\j\b\i her \Ioff her feet\j\b\i' (= knocked over); b) 'he tried to \Isweep\j\b\i her \Ioff her feet\j\b\i' (= impress, overwhelm).
\Bunder foot\j\b\i, 'while we were preparing for the dinner the children were continually \Iunder foot\j\b\i' (= in the way).
\Bfoot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to walk: 'we \Ifooted\j\b\i it to the shop'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to pay: 'he \Ifooted\j\b\i the bill'.
#
\Hfootage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1f\Iu\j\b\it\j\b\i-ij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the length in feet.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i a length of film.
#
\Hfoot-and-mouth disease\h
an infectious, viral disease of cattle and similar animals, causing puffy growths around the feet and mouth.
#
\Hfootball\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a leather ball inflated by means of a rubber bladder.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various field games played with a football, such as Rugby, Soccer or Australian Rules. \Bfootballer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfootball pools\h
short form is the \Bpools\j\b\i
an organised form of gambling based on the results of football matches.
#
\Hfootfall\h
\Pnoun\p a footstep.
#
\Hfoot-fault\h
\Pnoun\p \ITennis:\j\b\i See \Jfault\j\b\i.
#
\Hfoothill\h
\Pnoun\p a hill at the base of a mountain range.
#
\Hfoothold\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place giving support for the foot in climbing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a secure position from which one may advance, succeed or make progress.
#
\Hfooting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a secure position of or for the feet.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'let's put the interview on a more relaxed \Ifooting\j\b\i' (= basis).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the structure of concrete, etc. on which a building is set.
#
\Hfootlights\h
plural \Pnoun\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i a row of lights set at the edge of the stage.
#
\Hfootloose\h
\Padjective\p free of responsibilities and able to travel about.
#
\Hfootman\h
\Pnoun\p a male servant employed to wait at table, attend the door, etc.
#
\Hfootnote\h
\Pnoun\p an explanation or note printed in smaller type at the bottom of a page in a book.
#
\Hfootpad\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a highwayman who went on foot.
#
\Hfootpath\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pedestrian path, usually raised, beside a road. In Britain called a \Bpavement\j\b\i and in America called a \Bsidewalk\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any path for people to walk on.
#
\Hfootrot\h
\Pnoun\p an infection of the feet of sheep due to constantly wet ground and causing inflammation and decay of the toes which leads to lameness.
#
\Hfootstep\h
\Pnoun\p a tread of a foot or the sound it produces.
\Bfollow in someone's footsteps\j\b\i, to continue or imitate the progress of another.
#
\Hfootwork\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the manner in which the feet are moved, e.g. in boxing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any skilful manoeuvring.
#
\Hfooty\h
\Pnoun\p footie (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the game of football, especially Australian Rules. b) a football.
#
\Hfop\h
\Pnoun\p a man who is excessively concerned with his clothes and appearance. \Bfoppery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfoppish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hfor\h
preposition a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i (purpose, intention) a) 'that chair was made \Ifor\j\b\i decoration only'; b) 'we are fighting \Ifor\j\b\i justice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (destination) 'she left \Ifor\j\b\i the city'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (suitability) 'you are perfect \Ifor\j\b\i the job'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (equality, proportion) 'she is very strong \Ifor\j\b\i her size'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (preparation, progress) 'hurry and get ready \Ifor\j\b\i school'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (extent) 'we hiked \Ifor\j\b\i a long distance today'.
\CX17.\j\b\i (attention, interest) 'now \Ifor\j\b\i a cup of tea'.
\CX19.\j\b\i (result, effect) 'he was gaoled \Ifor\j\b\i his part in the robbery'.
\CX110.\j\b\i used to introduce an infinitive, equivalent to clauses such as \Ithat you might\j\b\i, etc.: 'our wish is \Ifor\j\b\i you to stay'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'three apples \Ifor\j\b\i $1' (= cost).
b) 'will you do it \Ifor\j\b\i me?' (= on behalf of).
c) 'I know you don't want to, but please do it \Ifor\j\b\i me' (= as a favour to).
d) 'the party is \Ifor\j\b\i her birthday' (= in honour of, to celebrate).
e) '\Ifor\j\b\i all her talking she is very shy' (= despite).
f) 'the newspaper was sued \Ifor\j\b\i libel' (= on account of).
g) 'who's \Ifor\j\b\i a game of tennis?' (= in favour of).
h) 'he cried \Ifor\j\b\i joy' (= because of).
i) 'everyone took her \Ifor\j\b\i a fool' (= as being).
j) '\Ifor\j\b\i my part, I'd never do it' (= as regards).
k) 'a man of limited education, \Ifor\j\b\i a lawyer' (= considering the nature of).
\Bfor\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
since or because: 'I cannot go, \Ifor\j\b\i I am ill'.
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\Hforage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\iij \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hunt or search, especially for military supplies.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rummage about.
\CX13.\j\b\i to raid or plunder. \Bforage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) fodder, especially for horses and cattle, b) an act of foraging.
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\Hforasmuch as\h
since; seeing that.
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\Hforay\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a plundering raid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he made a brief \Iforay\j\b\i into another sort of work' (= entry, attempt). \Bforay\j\b\i (\Bforayed\j\b\i, \Bforaying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hforbear\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1bair\j\b\i \Pverb\p forebear (\Bforbore\j\b\i or \Bforborne\j\b\i, \Bforbearing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to refrain from.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be patient or tolerant. \Bforbearance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hforbid\h
\Pverb\p (\Bforbade\j\b\i or \Bforbad\j\b\i, \Bforbidden\j\b\i or \Bforbid\j\b\i, \Bforbidding\j\b\i)
to command not to do: 'I \Iforbid\j\b\i you to go out'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'smoking is \Iforbidden\j\b\i in this theatre' (= not allowed). \Bforbid, prohibit\j\b\i. While these words have the same general meaning, to refuse to allow, they cannot be used interchangeably in sentences. \IForbid\j\b\i should be used with 'to': 'I \Iforbid\j\b\i you \Ito\j\b\i see that film'. \IProhibit\j\b\i should be used with 'from': 'the law \Iprohibits\j\b\i us \Ifrom\j\b\i driving recklessly'.
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\Hforbidding\h
\Padjective\p disagreeable, frightening or off-putting: 'a \Iforbidding\j\b\i task'.
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\Hforce\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the strength of something: 'the \Iforce\j\b\i of the wind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they used \Iforce\j\b\i to enter the building' (= violence).
\CX12.\j\b\i an organised body of people: 'a police \Iforce\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the vector quantity equal to the mass of a body multiplied by its acceleration.
\Bin force\j\b\i, a) 'they attacked \Iin force\j\b\i' (= in full strength); b) 'the new law is \Iin force\j\b\i from today' (= operative, effective).
\Bforce\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or cause to do something, often using effort or strength.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce or do with effort: 'she felt like crying but \Iforced\j\b\i a smile'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we had to \Iforce\j\b\i the lock because the key was lost' (= break open). \Bforced\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not genuine; \Bforceful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, powerful or vigorous; \Bforcefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bforcefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifortis\j\b\i strong
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\Hforcemeat\h
\Pnoun\p a stuffing for meat, etc., usually consisting of minced meat, breadcrumbs, etc.
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\Hforceps\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bforceps\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a pair of tongs for holding tissue or objects, e.g. during an operation, etc.
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\Hforcible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fors\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i forceful or convincing: 'a \Iforcible\j\b\i argument'.
\CX12.\j\b\i using force. \Bforcibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hford\h
\Pnoun\p a shallow part of a river where people may cross on foot or in vehicles. \Bford\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfore (1)\h
\Padjective\p located at or towards the front.
\Bfore\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\INautical:\j\b\i at or towards the bow. Compare \Jaft\j\b\i.
\Bfore\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bto the fore\j\b\i, in or to a conspicuous position.
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\Hfore (2)\h
interjection \IGolf:\j\b\i a cry used to warn other players that a ball has been hit nearby.
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\Hfore-\h
a prefix meaning before in time or position, as in \Iforesee\j\b\i.
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\Hfore-and-aft-rigged\h
\Padjective\p \INautical:\j\b\i having the sails (usually triangular) set on gaffs and booms along the line of the keel. Compare \Jsquare-rigged\j\b\i.
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\Hforearm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-ahm \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist.
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\Hforebear\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-bair \Pnoun\p forbear (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) an ancestor.
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\Hforebode\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1bode\j\b\i \Pverb\p to predict, especially something ominous. \Bforeboding\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a premonition; \Bforebodingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hforebrain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-brain \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the front part of the brain, considered to be the region controlling thought.
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\Hforecast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-cast \Pverb\p (\Bforecast\j\b\i or \Bforecasted\j\b\i, \Bforecasting\j\b\i)
to predict. \Bforecast\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bforecaster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who forecasts. See \Jbroadcast\j\b\i.
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\Hforecastle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1foke\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p See \Jfo'c'sle\j\b\i.
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\Hforeclosure\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1klo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the taking over or removing of property on which mortgage payments have not been paid regularly. \Bforeclose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bforeclosable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hforecourt\h
\Pnoun\p an enclosed court in front of a large building.
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\Hforefather\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-father \Pnoun\p an ancestor.
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\Hforefinger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-fin-ga \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the first finger, next to the thumb.
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\Hforefront\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-frunt \Pnoun\p the front place or position.
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\Hforego\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1go\j\b\i \Pverb\p See \Jforgo\j\b\i.
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\Hforegone conclusion\h
an inevitable result or conclusion.
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\Hforehand\h
\Pnoun\p \ITennis:\j\b\i a stroke made with the palm of the hand facing forward. Compare \Jbackhand\j\b\i.
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\Hforehead\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\iid \Ior\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-hed \Pnoun\p also called the \Bbrow\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the area at the top and front of the face, above the eyes and below the hairline.
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\Hforeign\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\iin \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i from or relating to a country other than one's own: 'a \Iforeign\j\b\i language'.
\CX12.\j\b\i involving other countries: '\Iforeign\j\b\i trade agreements'.
\CX13.\j\b\i not belonging to the place where it is found: '\Iforeign\j\b\i matter in the eye'.
\CX14.\j\b\i unfamiliar or strange. \Bforeigner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person from another country. Latin \Iforas\j\b\i out of doors, abroad
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\Hforeign correspondent\h
a person who sends news from abroad to a newspaper, broadcasting organisation, etc.
#
\Hforeign minister\h
the senior government minister in charge of foreign affairs.
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\Hforeknowledge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-nollij \Pnoun\p a knowledge of something before it happens or exists.
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\Hforelock\h
\Pnoun\p the part of the hair that grows or hangs from the top of the forehead.
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\Hforeman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person in charge of a group of workers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the spokesperson for a jury. \Bforewoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hforemost\h
\Padjective\p first in position, rank, etc.
#
\Hforename\h
\Pnoun\p a Christian or other first name.
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\Hforenoon\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for the late morning.
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\Hforensic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-\CX1ren\j\b\izik \Padjective\p of or employed in legal proceedings: '\Iforensic\j\b\i science'.
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\Hforequarter\h
\Pnoun\p a cut of meat from the front end of an animal, especially the leg and shoulder.
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\Hforerunner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who or situation which introduces or does something first: 'medieval guilds were the \Iforerunners\j\b\i of the modern trade unions'. \Bforerun\j\b\i (\Bforeran\j\b\i, \Bforerunning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to come or exist before.
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\Hforesail\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the principal sail hoisted in front of the main mast.
to see or know beforehand. \Bforeseeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hforeshadow\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1shad\j\b\i-ow \Pverb\p to suggest or indicate beforehand.
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\Hforeshore\h
\Pnoun\p the beach or section of the shore between the high and low watermarks.
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\Hforeshorten\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1short\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to reduce the length of part or all of a represented object, so that it appears to the viewer to be in correct perspective.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cut short or reduce.
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\Hforesight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a perceptiveness or prudence about the future.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or ability of foreseeing.
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\Hforeskin\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \Bprepuce\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a fold of skin which covers the tip of the penis and may be removed by circumcision.
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\Hforest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\iist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of land covered with trees.
\CX12.\j\b\i the trees themselves.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iforest\j\b\i of sails covered the harbour' (= thick cluster).
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\Hforestall\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1stawl\j\b\i \Pverb\p to prevent or deal with beforehand.
#
\Hforestation\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\i-estay-sh'n \Pnoun\p the planting of trees on a tract of land.
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\Hforestay\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-stay \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a strong rope or wire which runs from the top of the foremast to the stem of a ship.
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\Hforestry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\ia-stree \Pnoun\p the study of planting and maintaining forests. \Bforester\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled or trained in forestry.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-thawt \Pnoun\p a prudent and careful planning beforehand.
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\Hforeword\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-werd \Pnoun\p an introduction in a book, usually written by someone other than the author. Compare \Jpreface\j\b\i.
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\Hforex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1forr\j\b\ieks \Padjective\p \ICommerce:\j\b\i in or of foreign exchange.
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\Hforfeit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\ifit \Pnoun\p a penalty or fine, especially something given up or lost as punishment. \Bforfeit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to lose as a forfeit; \Bforfeiture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of forfeiting.
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\Hforgather\h
\Pverb\p foregather to gather together.
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\Hforgave\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bforgive\j\b\i.
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\Hforge (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i forj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a furnace, etc. in which metal is heated before shaping.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place in which a smith, especially a blacksmith, works. Also called a \Bsmithy\j\b\i.
\Bforge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to work heated metal by hammering or pressing it into shape.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the countries \Iforged\j\b\i a new friendship' (= formed).
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or reproduce for fraudulent purposes. \Bforger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hforge (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i forj \Pverb\p to advance, especially with an abrupt increase of speed.
#
\Hforgery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\ija-ree \Pnoun\p a) the producing of an imitation in order to deceive or pass it off as genuine. b) anything made in this way.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she tried to \Iforget\j\b\i her troubles' (= stop thinking about).
\Bforget oneself\j\b\i, to lose one's reserve or self-restraint. \Bforgetful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to forget; \Bforgetfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bforgetfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bforgettable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be forgotten.
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\Hforget-me-not\h
\Pnoun\p a small plant with blue flowers, considered to be a symbol of friendship and constancy.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cease to resent: 'to \Iforgive\j\b\i one's enemies'. \Bforgiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bforgivable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be forgiven; \Bforgivably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bforgiving\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to forgive; \Bforgivingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to abstain from or do without: 'students usually \Iforgo\j\b\i many social activities during their exams'.
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\Hforgot\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bforget\j\b\i.
#
\Hforgotten\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bforget\j\b\i.
#
\Hfork\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument with two or more prongs, for eating, gardening, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a part or place where something divides into branches: 'a \Ifork\j\b\i in the road'. b) either of the branches into which something divides: 'proceed for 1 km and then take the left \Ifork\j\b\i'.
\Bfork\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to lift, toss, pierce, etc. with a fork: 'to \Ifork\j\b\i hay into a truck'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to divide into branches.
\Bfork out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he had to \Ifork out\j\b\i the whole $50' (= give, hand over).
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\Hfork-lift truck\h
a vehicle with two movable, horizontal arms at the front for lifting and carrying goods in factories, warehouses, etc.
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\Hforlorn\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sad or pitiful: 'her \Iforlorn\j\b\i face told of her suffering'.
\CX12.\j\b\i forsaken.
\Bforlorn hope\j\b\i, a hope with little or no expectation of getting what is desired. \Bforlornly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bforlornness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hform\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the shape or structure: 'the human \Iform\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the particular state, character, appearance, etc. of something: 'water in the \Iform\j\b\i of steam'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any procedure or manners based on accepted social etiquette, etc.: 'it is not considered good \Iform\j\b\i to shout'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i the name given to a class, especially in a secondary school.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) a printed piece of paper with spaces which are to be filled in with appropriate information. b) a printed piece of paper used as a guide for writing other documents.
\CX16.\j\b\i a long bench or seat.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'bacteria are generally thought to be a \Iform\j\b\i of plant life' (= kind, variety).
b) 'we poured the concrete into the \Iform\j\b\i and waited for it to set' (= mould).
c) 'all the players will be in top \Iform\j\b\i for the match' (= condition, fitness).
\Bform\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to shape.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to be an element of: 'hunches and guesswork \Iform\j\b\i the larger part of his theory'. b) to have as its parts: 'the class is \Iformed\j\b\i of 24 students'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I have \Iformed\j\b\i a plan for our escape' (= devised).
b) 'you've \Iformed\j\b\i a lot of bad habits lately' (= developed).
c) 'we should \Iform\j\b\i a committee to look into this' (= arrange, organise).
#
\Hformal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i following accepted conventions, forms, etc.: 'please make a \Iformal\j\b\i application in writing'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she greeted them in a \Iformal\j\b\i manner' (= stiff).
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to form rather than content: 'he made a \Iformal\j\b\i analysis of the piece of music'. \Bformally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bformality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1mall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of following accepted conventions, b) (usually plural) any established procedure or order.
#
\Hformaldehyde\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1mal\j\b\ida-hide \Pnoun\p a gas (formula HCHO) which has a very irritating smell. It is soluble in water and is used in making plastics, dyes, and in the textile industry. Compare \Jformalin\j\b\i.
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\Hformalin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\ima-lin \Pnoun\p a 40 per cent solution of formaldehyde in water, used as a disinfectant and for preserving scientific specimens.
#
\Hformalise\h
\Pverb\p formalize to give a legal or official form to. \Bformalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hformat\h
\Pnoun\p the plan, style or layout of something: 'the \Iformat\j\b\i of a new television series'.
\Bformat\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i to prepare a computer disk to receive or output data.
#
\Hformation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the process of forming. b) the manner in which something is formed or arranged: 'the aircraft flew in close \Iformation\j\b\i over the city'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is formed: 'a rock \Iformation\j\b\i'.
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\Hformative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\ima-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the power to form or shape: 'he was a \Iformative\j\b\i influence on my life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to formation or development: 'the \Iformative\j\b\i years'.
#
\Hformer\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i coming before in time, place or order: 'a \Iformer\j\b\i president'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being the first mentioned of two: 'of Purcell and Handel, I prefer the \Iformer\j\b\i (Purcell)'. Compare \Jlatter\j\b\i.
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\Hformerly\h
\Padverb\p in time past: 'a convent was \Iformerly\j\b\i called a nunnery'.
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\HFormica\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1my\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p a hard, usually heat-resistant plastic used to cover tables, etc. a trademark
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\Hformic acid\h
a colourless irritant fluid found in ants and nettles, and synthesised for use in the textiles and other industries. Latin \Iformica\j\b\i ant
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\Hformidable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\imidda-b'l \Ior\j\b\i for-\CX1midd\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i difficult or requiring great effort to overcome: 'cleaning up the city was a \Iformidable\j\b\i task'.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing fear and apprehension: 'the headmaster had a \Iformidable\j\b\i appearance, but in fact he was a very gentle man'. \Bformidably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iformido\j\b\i a fear
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\Hformula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1form\j\b\i-yoo-la \Pnoun\p plural is \Bformulae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1form\j\b\i-yoo-lee) or \Bformulas\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an established procedure for doing something, such as a set wording for a ceremony, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a general statement of the relationship between two or more quantities. \IExample:\j\b\i \Id\j\b\i = 2 \Ir\j\b\i is a formula stating that the diameter of a circle, \Id\j\b\i, is always twice the radius, \Ir\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the representation of atoms in a radical or molecule by the use of symbols for each atom. \IExample:\j\b\i the formula for water, H\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO, shows that a molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen (H) and one atom of oxygen (O).
an \Bempirical formula\j\b\i indicates the proportion of each kind of atom without giving the total number or arrangement of atoms in the molecule. \IExample:\j\b\i the empirical formula of glucose (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I12\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i) is CH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO.
a \Bstructural formula\j\b\i shows the arrangement and linkage of atoms of a molecule in a diagram.
\CX14.\j\b\i a liquid food or preparation, e.g. for a baby.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICar racing:\j\b\i any of the classes into which competing cars are divided.
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\Hformulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\i-mew-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to express in a systematic or precise way.
\CX12.\j\b\i to state as a formula. \Bformulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfornication\h
\Isay\j\b\i forni-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p sexual intercourse between a man and woman who are not married to each other. \Bfornicate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ifornicis\j\b\i of a brothel
\CX11.\j\b\i to strengthen: a) 'we \Ifortified\j\b\i the dugout with sandbags'; b) 'she \Ifortified\j\b\i herself against the cold with a stiff brandy'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of wine, etc.) to strengthen by adding alcohol: 'port is a \Ifortified\j\b\i wine'.
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\Hfortissimo\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-mo \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i very loudly. Italian, loudest
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\Hfortitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1for\j\b\iti-tewd \Pnoun\p a patient courage or strength.
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\Hfortnight\h
\Pnoun\p a period of two weeks. \Bfortnightly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, once every fortnight. from \Bfo\j\b\i(u)rt\j\b\i(een) + \Bnight\j\b\i(s)
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\Hfortran\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i an algebraic and logical language for programming, mainly used in science applications. \Bfor\j\b\i(mula) \Btran\j\b\i(slation)
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\Hfortress\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfort\j\b\i.
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\Hfortuitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i for-\CX1tew\j\b\ii-tus \Padjective\p happening by accident or chance. \Bfortuitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfortuitousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfortune\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i chance or luck regarded as a cause of events and changes in one's life.
\CX12.\j\b\i wealth or riches: 'they made a \Ifortune\j\b\i when oil was discovered on their property'.
\Btell someone's fortune\j\b\i, to predict future events in a person's life.
\CX11.\j\b\i lucky: 'a \Ifortunate\j\b\i coincidence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i successful: 'people less \Ifortunate\j\b\i than ourselves'. \Bfortunately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfortune-hunter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who seeks a fortune, especially through marriage.
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\Hfortune-teller\h
\Pnoun\p a person who professes to see future events related to another person, e.g. by palmistry.
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\Hforty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 40 in Arabic numerals, XL in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 40 to 49 in a series, such as the years within a century.
\Bforty winks\j\b\i, See \Jwink\j\b\i. \Bforty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfortieth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hforty-five\h
\Pnoun\p \IAudio:\j\b\i a single record.
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\Hforum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bforums\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an assembly for discussion, usually public.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAncient history:\j\b\i the public square in a Roman town, used for business and meetings.
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\Hforward\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i near or moving towards the front: 'she took up a \Iforward\j\b\i position on the stage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i bold or presumptuous: 'a \Iforward\j\b\i young politician'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or for the future: '\Iforward\j\b\i planning'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iforward\j\b\i nation' (= progressive, developed).
\Bforward, forwards\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i toward the front: '\Iforward\j\b\i march!'
\CX12.\j\b\i toward the future: 'looking \Iforward\j\b\i to meeting you'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's never reluctant to bring \Iforward\j\b\i an opinion' (= into prominence).
\Bforward\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ISport:\j\b\i a player in an attacking position.
\Bforward\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to send on: 'he \Iforwarded\j\b\i the mail to my new address'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this type of behaviour will not \Iforward\j\b\i your plan' (= promote). \Bforwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bforwardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hforwent\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bforgo\j\b\i.
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\Hfossick\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to search or hunt.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i to search for gold in abandoned mines, etc. \Bfossicker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfossil\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the remains, impression or trace of any living thing preserved in or as a rock.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an old-fashioned person or thing. \Bfossilise\j\b\i, \Bfossilize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfossilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifossilis\j\b\i dug up
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\Hfossil fuel\h
any fossil material used as a fuel, e.g. brown coal.
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\Hfoster\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to encourage or promote the growth or development of: 'to \Ifoster\j\b\i good relations with one's neighbours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring up a child who is not one's own son or daughter without legal adoption.
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\Hfoster-child\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfoster-children\j\b\i
a child brought up by someone other than its own parents. \Bfoster home\j\b\i, the family home where a foster-child is brought up; \Bfoster-parent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the person who takes the place of a parent in bringing up a child.
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\Hfought\h
\Isay\j\b\i fawt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfight\j\b\i.
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\Hfoul\h
\Isay\j\b\i fowl \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i offensive to the senses, such as a bad taste or smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i wicked or obscene: '\Ifoul\j\b\i language'.
\CX13.\j\b\i stormy or disagreeable: '\Ifoul\j\b\i weather'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i relating to a foul.
\Bfoul play\j\b\i, 'the police suspect \Ifoul play\j\b\i' (= violent crime or murder).
\Bfoul\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ISport:\j\b\i a breaking of the rules in a sport or game.
\Bfoul\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in a foul manner.
\Bfall foul of\j\b\i, See \Jfall\j\b\i.
\Bfoul\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become foul or dirty.
\CX12.\j\b\i to entangle or become entangled: 'the rope has \Ifouled\j\b\i in the pulley'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to commit a foul against. \Bfoully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfoulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being foul.
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\Hfound (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfind\j\b\i.
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\Hfound (2)\h
\Pverb\p to set up or establish: 'to \Ifound\j\b\i a colony in a new land'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a story \Ifounded\j\b\i on fiction' (= based). \Bfounder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfound (3)\h
\Pverb\p to melt metal or glass for moulding and casting.
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\Hfoundation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of founding: 'after the \Ifoundation\j\b\i of the colony'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything on which something rests or is based: a) 'the \Ifoundations\j\b\i of a building'; b) 'the \Ifoundation\j\b\i of democracy is the free vote'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an institution supported by donations or a legacy: 'a \Ifoundation\j\b\i for cancer research'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBeauty:\j\b\i a skin-coloured cream or liquid, often in the form of a cake or stick and used as a base for face powder.
#
\Hfounder (1)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfound (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hfounder (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of ships, etc.) to fill with water and sink.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of horses) to go lame. \Bfounder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a condition causing lameness in horses.
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\Hfoundling\h
\Pnoun\p a child abandoned by its parents.
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\Hfoundry\h
\Pnoun\p a factory where metal is moulded and cast.
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\Hfount (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a fountain or spring.
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\Hfount (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i See \Jfont (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hfountain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fown\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a spring of water, especially an artificially constructed jet of water.
\CX12.\j\b\i a structure for discharging a jet or jets of water.
\CX13.\j\b\i a source or supply of something: 'a \Ifountain\j\b\i of knowledge'.
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\Hfountainhead\h
\Pnoun\p a primary source.
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\Hfountain pen\h
a pen containing a reservoir of ink which flows down the nib on contact with paper.
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\Hfour\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 4 in Arabic numerals, IV in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a score of four runs, obtained when a batsman hits the ball to the boundary. Also called a \Bboundary\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i a) a racing boat for a cox and four rowers each with an oar. b) the crew of such a boat.
\Bon all fours\j\b\i, on hands and knees. \Bfour\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfourth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfourthly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfour-poster\h
\Pnoun\p a bed with a post at each corner to support a canopy or curtain above it.
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\Hfourscore\h
\Padjective\p four times twenty; eighty.
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\Hfour-stroke\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to an internal combustion engine in which the fuel is taken into the cylinder, compressed, burnt and released into the exhaust in four successive strokes of the piston. Compare \Jtwo-stroke\j\b\i.
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\Hfourteen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 14 in Arabic numerals, XIV in Roman numerals. \Bfourteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfourteenth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfourth\h
\Padjective\p, \Pnoun\p See \Jfour\j\b\i.
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\Hfourth dimension\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i time.
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\Hfourth generation\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jgeneration\j\b\i.
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\Hfowl\h
\Pnoun\p a bird, especially one bred or kept for its flesh and eggs, such as the common domestic cock or hen. \Bfowler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who shoots birds; \Bfowling-piece\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a shotgun for shooting birds.
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\Hfox\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfoxes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small, dog-like mammal, with reddish-brown fur, a pointed muzzle, upright ears and a bushy tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fur of this animal.
\CX13.\j\b\i a crafty person.
\Bfox\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to deceive or trick. \Bfoxy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfoxily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfoxiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfoxglove\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with many trumpet-shaped, white or purple flowers on one long stem, the leaves of which are used to produce a heart stimulant.
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\Hfoxhole\h
\Pnoun\p a small trench for one or two persons, used for protection in a battle area.
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\Hfoxtrot\h
\Pnoun\p a ballroom dance for two people consisting of varied groups of quick or slow, short steps. \Bfoxtrot\j\b\i (\Bfoxtrotted\j\b\i, \Bfoxtrotting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfoyer\h
\Pnoun\p an entrance hall, especially in a theatre, hotel or large building. French, hearth, home
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\Hfracas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frak\j\b\i-ah \Pnoun\p a noisy disturbance or fight. French
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\Hfraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a part of a whole number. b) a ratio of algebraic symbols above and below a line.
in a \Bcommon fraction\j\b\i (also called a \Bsimple fraction\j\b\i or a \Bvulgar fraction\j\b\i) both the numerator and denominator are integers.
in a \Bproper fraction\j\b\i the numerator is less than the denominator, as in [***1/2], [***1/4], etc.
in an \Bimproper fraction\j\b\i the numerator is greater than the denominator, as in [***3/2].
\CX12.\j\b\i a part, especially a small part, of something: 'only a \Ifraction\j\b\i of the members attended the meeting'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a product of fractional distillation. \Bfractional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfractionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ifractus\j\b\i broken
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\Hfractious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frak\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p irritable or bad-tempered. \Bfractiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfractiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfracture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frak\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a break or crack, especially in a bone. \Bfracture\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frag\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p a part broken off.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we overheard \Ifragments\j\b\i of the conversation' (= incomplete parts). \Bfragment\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i frag-\CX1ment\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to break into fragments; \Bfragmentary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfragmentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or process of fragmenting.
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\Hfragrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fray\j\b\i-gr'nt \Padjective\p having a pleasant smell. \Bfragrantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfragrance\j\b\i, \Bfragrancy\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hfrail\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i delicate in health: 'a \Ifrail\j\b\i child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily broken: 'a \Ifrail\j\b\i china vase'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she proved \Ifrail\j\b\i in the face of temptation' (= weak).
\Bfrailty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the condition or quality of being frail.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a fault or moral weakness. \Bfrailly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrailness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hframe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an enclosing border for a picture, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a structure composed of parts joined together: 'a bicycle \Iframe\j\b\i'. b) any structure or system: 'the \Iframe\j\b\i of government'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a particular state of mind.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of the successive small pictures on a strip of film.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ISnooker:\j\b\i a) the triangular frame in which the balls are set at the start of a game. b) the time it takes to play all the balls into the pockets.
\Bframe\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with a frame.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrrange or give shape to: 'he \Iframed\j\b\i the question carefully'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Iframed\j\b\i by the gangster' (= incriminated with falsely arranged evidence).
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\Hframe of mind\h
a person's prevailing mood or attitude.
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\Hframe-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a conspiracy to incriminate a person falsely, or to bring about a fraudulent outcome to a contest, etc.
#
\Hframework\h
\Pnoun\p a structure composed of parts joined together.
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\Hfranc\h
\Isay\j\b\i frank \Pnoun\p the basic unit of money in Belgium, France, Switzerland and certain other countries.
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\Hfranchise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fran\j\b\i-chize \Pnoun\p a right or privilege, such as the right to vote or the permission given by a manufacturing company for a retailer to sell its goods.
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\Hfrancium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fran\j\b\i-see-um \Pnoun\p element number 87, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i.
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\Hfrangipani\h
\Isay\j\b\i franji-\CX1pann\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p a tree with fragrant, slightly waxy flowers from which perfume is made.
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\Hfrank\h
\Padjective\p open in thought or speech: 'a \Ifrank\j\b\i answer'.
\Bfrank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to mark a letter with an official stamp showing that the postage has been paid. \Bfrankly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrankness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfrank\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mark put on a letter to show that the postage has been paid.
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\Hfrankfurter\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \BWiener\j\b\i
a long, thin, red sausage, usually boiled. from \IFrankfurt-am-Main\j\b\i, West Germany
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\Hfrankincense\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fran\j\b\ikin-sense \Pnoun\p a pleasant-smelling gum resin used as incense.
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\Hfrantic\h
\Padjective\p nearly mad, as with grief, excitement, pain, etc. \Bfrantically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iphrenetikos\j\b\i having inflammation of the brain
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\Hfraternal\h
\Isay\j\b\i fra-\CX1tern\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or like a brother or brothers: a) 'I have a \Ifraternal\j\b\i feeling towards him'; b) 'a \Ifraternal\j\b\i society'. \Bfraternally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bfraternal\j\b\i means brotherly but there is no word \Ifrater\j\b\i in English. There is a range of words in English where an \Padjective\p has come from one language and the corresponding \Pnoun\p from another. \IFraternal\j\b\i has come from Latin \Ifrater\j\b\i (brother); \Ibrother\j\b\i has come from Old English \Ibrothor\j\b\i and is very like the German \IBruder\j\b\i and the Dutch \Ibroeder\j\b\i.
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\Hfraternise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fratt\j\b\iern-ize \Pverb\p fraternize to associate with others in a friendly way. \Bfraternisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfraternity\h
\Isay\j\b\i fra-\CX1tern\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of community with others.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people who share an interest or purpose: 'a member of the medical \Ifraternity\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a society of male students. Compare \Jsorority\j\b\i.
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\Hfratricide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frat\j\b\iri-side \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the crime of killing one's brother or sister. b) a person who does this. \Bfratricidal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fratri-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-d'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ifrater\j\b\i brother + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\HFrau\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p the title for a German woman.
#
\Hfraud\h
\Isay\j\b\i frawd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deliberately deceiving another person, especially for unlawful or unfair gain.
\Isay\j\b\i frawt \Padjective\p a) involving or accompanied by: 'an undertaking \Ifraught\j\b\i with danger'. b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anxious or distressed: 'she looked \Ifraught\j\b\i when she lost her purse'.
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\HFrèulein\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1froy\j\b\i-line \Pnoun\p the title for an unmarried German woman.
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\Hfray (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a noisy dispute or fight.
#
\Hfray (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of cloth) to become worn, so that there are loose threads.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a person's temper) to exasperate: 'tempers became \Ifrayed\j\b\i at the meeting'.
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\Hfrazzle\h
\Pverb\p to wear out to a state of nervous exhaustion: 'the Christmas shopping \Ifrazzled\j\b\i her'.
\Bfrazzle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of exhaustion: 'worn to a \Ifrazzle\j\b\i'.
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\Hfreak\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a very unusual person, animal or event: a) 'by some \Ifreak\j\b\i the car stayed on the road after it skidded'; b) 'the calf with five legs was a \Ifreak\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is enthusiastic about a particular thing: 'she is a country music \Ifreak\j\b\i'.
\Bfreak\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bfreak out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to suffer hallucinations from drugs; b) to opt out of society; c) to react extremely. \Bfreak\j\b\i, \Bfreakish\j\b\i, \Bfreaky\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bfreakishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfreakishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfreckle\h
\Pnoun\p a small brown spot on the skin. \Bfreckle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\H-free\h
a suffix meaning not containing, as in \Icaffeine-free\j\b\i.
#
\Hfree\h
\Padjective\p (\Bfreer\j\b\i, \Bfreest\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i not restrained by authority or external forces: a) 'a \Ifree\j\b\i citizen'; b) '\Ifree\j\b\i choice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i without payment or charge: 'a \Ifree\j\b\i ride'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ifree\j\b\i end of a rope' (= not attached).
b) 'is the room \Ifree\j\b\i yet?' (= unoccupied).
c) 'he is very \Ifree\j\b\i with his advice' (= ready, liberal).
d) 'your teeth are \Ifree\j\b\i of decay' (= devoid, without).
e) 'she walks with a \Ifree\j\b\i step' (= swinging).
f) 'a \Ifree\j\b\i translation' (= not exact).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfree and easy\j\b\i, casual or relaxed.
\Bfree hand\j\b\i, 'the police were given a \Ifree hand\j\b\i in their investigations' (= complete authority).
\Bfree\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bfreed, freeing\j\b\i)
to set or make free. \Bfree\j\b\i, \Bfreely\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i.
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\Hfreedom\h
\Pnoun\p the state or condition of being free: a) 'to fight for \Ifreedom\j\b\i'; b) '\Ifreedom\j\b\i of speech'; c) 'the tight clothes allowed her little \Ifreedom\j\b\i of movement'.
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\Hfree enterprise\h
commerce or private business in which competition may occur with a minimum of government control.
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\Hfree fall\h
movement caused by the force of gravity only, such as before the parachute opens in a parachute descent.
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\Hfree-for-all\h
\Pnoun\p a dispute or contest which is open to everyone.
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\Hfreehand\h
\Padjective\p done by hand without the aid of instruments or measurement: 'a \Ifreehand\j\b\i sketch'.
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\Hfreehold\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i any house or land held in absolute possession, not rented. \Bfreeholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an owner of freehold land.
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\Hfreelance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, such as a journalist, artist, etc., who sells work to employers rather than working on a full-time basis for a salary.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a wandering knight who gave military service in exchange for money. \Bfreelance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to work as a freelance; \Bfreelance\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfreely\h
\Padverb\p See \Jfree\j\b\i.
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\HFreemason\h
\Pnoun\p a member of a secret order which promotes mutual assistance and brotherly love among its members.
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\Hfree port\h
a port without taxes, open to all traders.
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\Hfree-range hen\h
a hen free to range for food. Compare \Jbattery hen\j\b\i.
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\Hfree settler\h
\IAustralian history:\j\b\i a person who came to settle in Australia voluntarily as distinct from being transported as a convict.
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\Hfreesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1free\j\b\i\Izh\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a plant with fragrant flowers growing from a corm. after \IE. M. Fries\j\b\i, 1794-1878, a Swedish Botanist
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\Hfreestyle\h
\Pnoun\p \ISwimming:\j\b\i a race in which competitors may use any style of swimming, usually the crawl.
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\Hfreethinker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who remains independent of or unaffected by tradition, authority, etc. in matters such as religion.
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\Hfree trade\h
international trade unrestricted by taxes, quotas or other forms of protection by government regulations. Compare \Jprotection\j\b\i.
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\Hfree verse\h
See \Jverse\j\b\i.
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\Hfreeway\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Bexpressway\j\b\i or \Bmotorway\j\b\i
a divided highway with several lanes and limited entry and exit points, designed to speed up the flow of traffic.
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\Hfreewheel\h
\Pverb\p to coast on a bicycle, etc. without pedalling.
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\Hfree will\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the power to choose or decide freely.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the doctrine that human beings are free to determine their own destinies.
to dry food or chemicals while frozen to prepare them for longer periods of storage.
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\Hfreeze-frame\h
\Pnoun\p the capacity of a video device showing continuous images to hold a particular image on screen as a still.
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\Hfreezer\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bdeep-freeze\j\b\i
a refrigerator or part of a refrigerator, usually with a temperature below -10░C in which food may be frozen quickly and stored for long periods.
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\Hfreezing point\h
the constant temperature, at a given pressure, at which a liquid freezes.
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\Hfreight\h
\Isay\j\b\i frate \Pnoun\p a) goods which are transported as cargo. b) the carrying of goods or cargo by land, sea or air. c) the charge for this. \Bfreight\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to carry or send by freight; \Bfreighter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a ship or aircraft which carries freight.
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\Hfreight train\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a train which carries freight.
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\HFrench chalk\h
powdered talc used in dry-cleaning, soap manufacture, toilet products, etc.
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\HFrench doors\h
See \Jfrench windows\j\b\i.
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\HFrench horn\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i a brass, wind instrument consisting of a long coiled tube ending in a flared bell.
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\HFrench seam\h
\INeedlework:\j\b\i a seam sewn on both sides of the material so that no raw edges are showing.
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\HFrench windows\h
also called \BFrench doors\j\b\i
a pair of full-length glass doors which open outwards.
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\Hfrenetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fra-\CX1nett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p frantic or highly excited. \Bfrenetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfrenzy\h
\Pnoun\p an extreme excitement, agitation or activity. \Bfrenzied\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, highly excited or maddened. Greek \Iphrenitis\j\b\i inflammation of the brain
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\HFreon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1free\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of fluorocarbon monomers used as refrigerants and solvents. a trademark
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\Hfrequency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1free\j\b\i-kw'n-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the number of times something occurs, especially in a particular interval of time, space, etc.: 'what is the \Ifrequency\j\b\i of earthquakes in this area?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state or fact of being frequent: 'the \Ifrequency\j\b\i of their visits became tedious'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic, Physics:\j\b\i the number of oscillations per second of a wave or wave-like phenomenon, including sound, light, etc. Latin \Ifrequens\j\b\i crowded, repeated
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\Hfrequency channel\h
See \Jchannel\j\b\i.
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\Hfrequency distribution\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a set of equal categories for which the number of observed values in each are recorded.
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\Hfrequency modulation\h
short form is \BFM\j\b\i
a method, used and usable only in very high frequency (VHF) broadcasting in which the frequency of the transmitted wave is varied, producing short-range but high-fidelity reception. Compare \Jamplitude modulation\j\b\i.
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\Hfrequency response\h
\IAudio:\j\b\i the range of frequencies to which an amplifier or loudspeaker can respond.
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\Hfrequent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1free\j\b\i-kw'nt \Padjective\p occurring often or at short intervals: 'she has \Ifrequent\j\b\i attacks of asthma'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a \Ifrequent\j\b\i visitor at their house' (= regular, constant).
to go often to a place: 'as a collector she \Ifrequents\j\b\i second-hand bookshops'. \Bfrequently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrequenter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a constant or regular visitor.
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\Hfrequently asked questions\h
short form is \BFAQ\j\b\i
(of newsgroups on the Internet) a file of questions and answers dealing with previously discussed topics, standard procedures, etc. which is made available to newcomers to reduce on-line time wasted by repetition of answers.
#
\Hfresco\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fres\j\b\iko \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfrescos\j\b\i or \Bfrescoes\j\b\i
a painting done with water-based paint on a plastered wall, usually when it is still damp. Italian, fresh
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\Hfresh\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i recently made, obtained, arrived, etc.: a) 'they get \Ifresh\j\b\i milk and eggs from the farm'; b) 'a young doctor \Ifresh\j\b\i from medical school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of energy or brightness: 'I feel quite \Ifresh\j\b\i after that sleep'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'these fish are not found in \Ifresh\j\b\i water' (= not salt).
b) 'he has a very \Ifresh\j\b\i complexion' (= rosy, healthy).
c) 'the room was painted in \Ifresh\j\b\i colours' (= bright).
d) 'don't get \Ifresh\j\b\i with me, my friend' (= cheeky).
e) 'in autumn the nights are \Ifresh\j\b\i' (= cool).
f) 'the ideas in your novel are \Ifresh\j\b\i and exciting' (= original). \Bfreshly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfreshness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfreshen\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become fresh: 'to \Ifreshen\j\b\i a room by opening the window'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a wind) to increase in strength or become cold.
\Bfreshen up\j\b\i, 'our guests decided to \Ifreshen up\j\b\i after the long trip' (= wash and refresh themselves).
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\Hfresher\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bfreshman\j\b\i
a first year student at a college or university.
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\Hfreshwater\h
\Padjective\p of, consisting of or living in fresh water: 'a \Ifreshwater\j\b\i fish'.
#
\Hfret (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfretted\j\b\i, \Bfretting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to worry or be anxious, unhappy or irritable: a) 'the cat has done nothing but \Ifret\j\b\i since her kittens were taken'; b) 'he's \Ifretting\j\b\i about the money he lost at the races today'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rub, wear or eat away: 'the rope broke because it had \Ifretted\j\b\i'. \Bfret\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a state of fretting; \Bfretful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, irritable or given to fretting; \Bfretfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfretfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfret (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an ornamental band or design consisting of repeated, geometrical lines or figures. \Bfretwork\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfretted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, decorated with frets.
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\Hfret (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i any of the wooden or metal ridges set across the fingerboard of a stringed instrument. \Bfretted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having frets.
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\Hfretsaw\h
\Pnoun\p a saw with a long, fine blade set in a frame, used for cutting ornamental work in wood.
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\HFreudian slip\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1froy\j\b\idian slip a slip of the tongue which may reveal a person's unconscious feelings. after \ISigmund Freud\j\b\i, 1856-1939, an Austrian psychoanalyst
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\Hfriable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fry\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p crumbly or easily crumbled: 'sandstone is often \Ifriable\j\b\i'. \Bfriableness\j\b\i, \Bfriability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i frya-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hfriar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fry\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a brother of certain religious orders, especially the orders which work among the people and not in a monastery, and which formerly lived by begging. Compare \Jmonk\j\b\i. \Bfriary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a community of friars. Latin \Ifrater\j\b\i brother
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\Hfriction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the rubbing of one object or surface against another.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her actions caused much \Ifriction\j\b\i in the family' (= conflict).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the resistance to the movement of one surface over another, resulting from the nature of the two surfaces. \Bfrictional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or produced by friction; \Bfrictionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrictionless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ifrictus\j\b\i rubbed
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\HFriday\h
\Pnoun\p the sixth day of the week.
\Bgirl Friday\j\b\i, \Bman Friday\j\b\i, an assistant or helper.
#
\Hfridge\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a refrigerator.
#
\Hfried\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfry (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hfriend\h
\Isay\j\b\i frend \Pnoun\p any person whom one knows well and likes.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the wealthy man was a \Ifriend\j\b\i to the poor' (= helpful or kind person).
b) 'in a difficult situation, discretion is your best \Ifriend\j\b\i' (= asset). \Bfriendly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like a friend, b) pleasant; \Bfriendliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfriendship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a friendly relationship; \Bfriendless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without friends.
#
\H-friendly\h
a suffix meaning a) harmless, as in \Ienvironment-friendly\j\b\i. b) specially adapted to be easy or simple to operate, as in \Iuser-friendly\j\b\i.
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\Hfriendly fire\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i the discharge of weapons, especially of heavy weapons, which leads to the accidental destruction of one's own personnel or equipment.
#
\Hfriendly society\h
a society in which voluntary subscriptions from the members are used to provide them with assistance in case of illness, etc.
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\Hfrieze\h
\Isay\j\b\i freeze \Pnoun\p a decorative strip or band on a wall.
#
\Hfrigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frigg\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a) a small destroyer used to escort other ships. b) a medium-sized warship used from the 17th to the 19th century.
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\Hfright\h
\Pnoun\p sudden, intense fear, usually as a reaction to something threatening: 'the huge shadow on the wall gave him an awful \Ifright\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you look a \Ifright\j\b\i in that old coat' (= strange or grotesque sight).
\Bfrightful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i shocking, revolting or causing fright: 'the battle scene was a \Ifrightful\j\b\i sight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bad or unpleasant: '\Ifrightful\j\b\i weather'. \Bfright\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to frighten; \Bfrightfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrightfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfrighten\h
\Pverb\p to terrify or fill with fear. \Bfrighteningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfrigid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frij\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i intensely cold: 'we had a week of \Ifrigid\j\b\i weather'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a woman) sexually unresponsive.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Ifrigid\j\b\i stare was not encouraging' (= unfriendly) \Bfrigidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrigidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i frij-\CX1idd\j\b\ii-tee), \Bfrigidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Ifrigus\j\b\i cold
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\Hfrill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ornamental strip or border, usually gathered, used for trimming, etc.: 'a hem with \Ifrills\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something unnecessary or merely ornamental: 'the tune is simple and free of \Ifrills\j\b\i'. \Bfrilly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfringe\h
\Isay\j\b\i frinj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ornamental border with hanging threads, especially on a carpet, tablecloth, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any hair falling over the forehead.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'their house is situated on the \Ifringe\j\b\i of the forest' (= edge). \Bfringe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put a fringe on, b) to grow or exist along the edge of.
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\Hfringe benefit\h
anything received by an employee in addition to wages or salary, such as free meals, the use of a car, etc.
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\Hfrippery\h
\Pnoun\p any excessive decoration or display, as in one's manner of dress.
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\Hfrisk\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move about with quick, eager, playful movements: 'the dogs \Ifrisked\j\b\i all over the picnic area'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to search a person for concealed weapons by running the hands rapidly over his or her clothes. \Bfrisk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfrisky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lively or playful; \Bfriskily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfriskiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfritter (1)\h
\Pverb\p to waste or squander little by little: 'he \Ifrittered\j\b\i away his money on gambling'.
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\Hfritter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of food, such as a slice of meat or fruit, coated in a batter and deep-fried. Latin \Ifrictus\j\b\i fried
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\Hfrivolous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1friv\j\b\iva-lus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of trifling importance: 'the chairman dismissed the motion as \Ifrivolous\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i silly or flippant: 'I disapprove of \Ifrivolous\j\b\i behaviour'. \Bfrivolously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrivolousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfrivolity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fri-\CX1voll\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state or quality of being frivolous, b) a frivolous act or remark.
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\Hfrizz\h
\Pverb\p to form into small, tight waves or curls: 'to \Ifrizz\j\b\i one's hair'. \Bfrizz\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, tightly curled hair; \Bfrizzy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, consisting of tight curls.
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\Hfrizzle\h
\Pverb\p to make a spluttering, sizzling noise, as in frying.
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\Hfro\h
\Padverb\p See \Jto and fro\j\b\i under \Bto\j\b\i.
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\Hfrock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a woman's dress: 'a cotton \Ifrock\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the long, loose gown worn by monks.
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\Hfrockcoat\h
\Pnoun\p a coat formerly worn by men, close-fitting to the waist and flaring out to the knees.
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\Hfrog (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of tail-less, web-footed, amphibious animals which move by jumping.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a \Ifrog\j\b\i in her throat' (= hoarseness).
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\Hfrog (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a decorative fastener, consisting of a button passed through a long, narrow loop.
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\Hfrog (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a horny growth in the underside of a horse's hoof.
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\Hfrogman\h
\Pnoun\p a person trained and equipped for underwater work, such as reconnaissance, demolition, etc.
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\Hfrogmarch\h
\Pverb\p to carry a resisting person face-down with four people each holding a limb.
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\Hfrogmouth\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmopoke\j\b\i
any of various nocturnal birds with a wide beak, living in forest and scrub of Australia.
\CX14.\j\b\i (difference) 'I can't tell one twin \Ifrom\j\b\i the other'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (source or origin) 'a letter \Ifrom\j\b\i his uncle'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (reason or cause) 'her mother suffered \Ifrom\j\b\i bad eyesight'.
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\Hfrond\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the large, feather-like leaf of a fern.
#
\Hfront\h
\Isay\j\b\i frunt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the foremost or most important side, surface or part: a) 'the entrance is at the \Ifront\j\b\i of the building'; b) 'the title is at the \Ifront\j\b\i of the book'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place or position directly before anything.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the import business was only a \Ifront\j\b\i for the spy ring' (= cover).
b) 'he put on a bold \Ifront\j\b\i in the face of his critics' (= appearance, bearing).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i the line or area between opposing armies when fighting is taking place.
\CX14.\j\b\i a group of people joined together for a particular purpose, usually political.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a boundary between two air masses of different density. In a \Bcold front\j\b\i advancing cold air near the ground wedges under and displaces warmer air. In a \Bwarm front\j\b\i advancing warm air near the ground rises over colder air. An \Boccluded front\j\b\i occurs when a cold overtakes a warm front, forcing the warm air up to a higher level.
\Bfront\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to face in the direction of: 'their house \Ifronts\j\b\i the ocean'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to confront: 'they are prepared to \Ifront\j\b\i any danger'. \Bfront\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or situated at the front; \Bfrontal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or to the front, b) relating to the forehead.
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\Hfrontage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frun\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the front of a building or block of land. b) the length of such a front: 'the land has a \Ifrontage\j\b\i of 20 m'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the land or position adjacent to: 'the house has a river \Ifrontage\j\b\i'.
#
\Hfrontal bone\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the saucer-shaped bone at the front of the skull, forming the forehead.
#
\Hfrontbencher\h
\Pnoun\p \IParliament:\j\b\i a member who is a minister or a spokesperson for the Opposition, and who sits at the front of the chamber. Compare \Jbackbencher\j\b\i.
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\Hfrontier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frun\j\b\i-teer \Pnoun\p a border or region which forms a dividing line, as between settled and unsettled areas.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'cancer research is one of the \Ifrontiers\j\b\i of medical science' (= an area that has not been fully explored). \Bfrontiersman\j\b\i, \Bfrontierswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, (American) a person who lives on the frontier.
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\Hfrontispiece\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frun\j\b\itis-peece \Pnoun\p an illustration facing the title page of a book.
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\Hfrost\h
\Pnoun\p a covering of minute ice crystals formed when the air in contact with the ground is below freezing point. Compare \Jhoarfrost\j\b\i and \Brime (2)\j\b\i.
\Bfrosty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) cold enough for frost to form: 'a \Ifrosty\j\b\i morning'. b) covered with frost: '\Ifrosty\j\b\i grass'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was a \Ifrosty\j\b\i silence between them' (= hostile, unfriendly).
\Bfrosting\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a fluffy icing for cakes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a roughened or speckled surface on glass or metal. \Bfrost\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to freeze, b) to cover with frost or frosting; \Bfrostily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrostiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfrostbite\h
\Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a freezing of tissues due to extreme cold, causing pale, hardened skin, usually on the toes, fingers or face, and in extreme cases resulting in gangrene. \Bfrostbitten\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfroth\h
\Pnoun\p a mass of small bubbles or foam.
\Bfroth\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give out froth: 'to \Ifroth\j\b\i at the mouth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cover with froth or foam. \Bfrothy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfrothily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrothiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfrown\h
\Pverb\p to draw the brows together expressing displeasure, thoughtfulness, etc.
\Bfrown on\j\b\i, \Bfrown upon\j\b\i, 'the temperance society \Ifrowns on\j\b\i the drinking of alcohol' (= disapproves of). \Bfrown\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfrowningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfrowzy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1frow\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p untidy and dirty. \Bfrowzily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrowziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfroze\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bfreeze\j\b\i.
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\Hfrozen\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i made into or covered with ice: 'a \Ifrozen\j\b\i lake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i not able to be changed, removed, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ifrozen\j\b\i peas' (= preserved by freezing).
b) 'I'm \Ifrozen\j\b\i without a coat' (= very cold).
c) 'his \Ifrozen\j\b\i stare made me nervous' (= cold, unemotional).
\Bfrozen\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bfreeze\j\b\i.
to bear fruit. \Bfructification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfructose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fruk\j\b\i-tose \Pnoun\p also called \Bfruit sugar\j\b\i
the sugar (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I12\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i), found in fruit, flower nectar and honey.
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\Hfrugal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1froo\j\b\i-g'l \Padjective\p careful or economical: 'the \Ifrugal\j\b\i use of petrol is essential these days'. \Bfrugally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfrugality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i froo-\CX1gall\j\b\ii-tee), \Bfrugalness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hfruit\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hoot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the edible part of a plant developed from a flower, such as an apple, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the fertilised and developed ovary of a plant.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his wealth is the \Ifruit\j\b\i of many years of hard work' (= product, result). \Bfruit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to bear fruit; \Bfruitful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) bearing fruit abundantly, b) useful or productive; \Bfruitfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfruitfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfruitless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bfruitlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfruitlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfruiterer\h
\Pnoun\p a greengrocer.
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\Hfruit-fly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small flies, the larvae of which cause damage to fruit.
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\Hfruition\h
\Isay\j\b\i froo-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the final achievement of a desired result: 'it will still be some time before the plan comes to \Ifruition\j\b\i'.
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\Hfruit sugar\h
See \Jfructose\j\b\i.
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\Hfruity\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the taste or smell of fruit: 'a \Ifruity\j\b\i claret'.
\CX12.\j\b\i rich: 'his \Ifruity\j\b\i voice filled the auditorium'.
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\Hfrump\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a drably dressed or dowdy woman. \Bfrumpish\j\b\i, \Bfrumpy\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bfrumpishly\j\b\i, \Bfrumpily\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bfrumpishness\j\b\i, \Bfrumpiness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hfrustrate\h
\Pverb\p to disappoint or thwart one's hopes, plans, etc.: 'the continuous rain \Ifrustrated\j\b\i her attempts to wash the car'.
\Bfrustration\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being frustrated, especially in relation to personal desires.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) anything which frustrates: 'it's been a day full of \Ifrustrations\j\b\i'. b) the act of frustrating: 'the \Ifrustration\j\b\i of the criminal's plan was easily achieved'.
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\Hfry (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bfried\j\b\i, \Bfrying\j\b\i)
to cook in hot fat or oil.
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\Hfry (2)\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfry\j\b\i
a) any newly hatched fishes. b) any young or small animals.
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\Hfrypan\h
\Pnoun\p an electrically heated device in which food may be fried, etc.
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\Hfuchsia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\isha \Pnoun\p a garden shrub with drooping, trumpet-shaped, usually red or purple flowers. after \IL. Fuchs\j\b\i, 1501-66, a German botanist
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\Hfuddle\h
\Pverb\p to confuse or muddle. \Bfuddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfuddy-duddy\h
\Pnoun\p a prim, old-fashioned or boring person. \Bfuddy-duddy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfudge\h
\Pnoun\p a soft sweet made by boiling milk, sugar and butter, usually flavoured with chocolate or caramel.
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\Hfuel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any substance used for producing heat and energy. \Bfuel\j\b\i (\Bfuelled\j\b\i, \Bfuelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with fuel.
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\Hfuel-injection\h
\Pnoun\p a method of spraying fuel directly into the manifold of an engine instead of using a carburettor.
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\Hfug\h
\Pnoun\p a smoke-filled or stifling atmosphere.
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\Hfugitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\iji-tiv \Pnoun\p a person who flees or runs away.
\Bfugitive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having run away.
\CX12.\j\b\i not fixed or lasting: 'I glimpsed a \Ifugitive\j\b\i resentment in her eyes'.
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\Hfugue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\ig \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a contrapuntal composition for several parts, each of which imitates the previous one. \Bfugal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-g'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hfulcrum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1f\Iul\j\b\i\j\b\i-krum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bfulcrums\j\b\i or \Bfulcra\j\b\i See \Jlever\j\b\i. Latin, bedpost
\CX11.\j\b\i to satisfy: 'his desire for fame was \Ifulfilled\j\b\i by the success of his first novel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to carry out: 'to \Ifulfil\j\b\i a promise'. \Bfulfilment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfull\h
\Padjective\p having or containing as much as possible.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it took a \Ifull\j\b\i day for the climbers to reach the first peak' (= complete).
b) 'his \Ifull\j\b\i voice drowned out the piano' (= rich, strong).
c) 'that's a very \Ifull\j\b\i skirt you're wearing' (= having wide, loose folds).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfull of\j\b\i, 'she's so \Ifull of\j\b\i the reunion plans she hardly knows what's going on around her' (= absorbed in).
\Bfull of oneself\j\b\i, 'she is rather bossy and \Ifull of herself\j\b\i' (= conceited).
\Bin full force\j\b\i, 'the family was there \Iin full force\j\b\i' (= with nobody missing).
\Bthe full quid\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mentally normal.
\Bfull\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i completely.
\CX12.\j\b\i directly: 'the ball hit her \Ifull\j\b\i in the face'.
\Bfull\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin full\j\b\i, completely or to the full amount.
\Bon the full\j\b\i, (of a ball, etc.) before it has bounced. \Bfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, to a complete or full degree; \Bfullness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfull-back\h
\Pnoun\p \IFootball:\j\b\i the player who defends the team's goal.
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\Hfull-blooded\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of pure and unmixed breeding.
\CX12.\j\b\i vigorous and healthy.
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\Hfull-blown\h
\Padjective\p completely developed: 'there were many buds and one \Ifull-blown\j\b\i rose on the bush'.
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\Hfull-bodied\h
\Padjective\p having all possible strength, flavour, etc.
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\Hfull brother\h
See \Jbrother\j\b\i.
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\Hfull house\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a theatre with all the seats sold for a performance.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a hand in poker consisting of three of a kind and a pair, such as three kings and two tens.
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\Hfull nelson\h
\IWrestling:\j\b\i See \Jnelson\j\b\i.
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\Hfullness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfull\j\b\i.
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\Hfull sister\h
See \Jsister\j\b\i.
#
\Hfull stop\h
in America called a \Bperiod\j\b\i
the point or character (.) used to mark the end of a sentence, indicate an abbreviation, etc.
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\Hfull tilt\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) at top speed.
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\Hfull-time\h
\Padjective\p a) taking all of one's time. b) during normal working hours.
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\Hfull toss\h
\ICricket:\j\b\i a ball bowled so that it does not touch the ground between the two wickets.
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\Hfully\h
\Padverb\p See \Jfull\j\b\i.
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\Hfulminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1full\j\b\i-minate \Pverb\p to make loud or violent denunciations: 'to \Ifulminate\j\b\i against the new taxes'. \Bfulmination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfulsome\h
\Padjective\p excessive in an insincere way: '\Ifulsome\j\b\i praise'. \Bfulsomely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfulsomeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfumble\h
\Pverb\p to feel, grope about or handle clumsily: a) 'he \Ifumbled\j\b\i at his shirt button'; b) 'Jones \Ifumbled\j\b\i that big deal with Fuller Brothers'. \Bfumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfumbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who fumbles.
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\Hfume\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any strong-smelling smoke, gas, etc.
\Bfume\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give off fumes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ifumed\j\b\i with indignation' (= burnt, raged). Latin \Ifuma\j\b\i smoke
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\Hfumigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\imi-gate \Pverb\p to use smoke and fumes to disinfect. \Bfumigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bfumigant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any chemical used to fumigate.
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\Hfun\h
\Pnoun\p any playfulness or amusing enjoyment.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blike fun\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not at all.
\Bmake fun of\j\b\i, \Bpoke fun at\j\b\i, 'you should not \Imake fun of\j\b\i that poor old man' (= ridicule).
\Bfun\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) amusing or enjoyable: 'a \Ifun\j\b\i person'; 'a \Ifun\j\b\i time'. \Bfun\j\b\i (\Bfunned\j\b\i, \Bfunning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to joke or play.
#
\Hfunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1funk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the special purpose or working use of anything: 'your \Ifunction\j\b\i as captain is to lead and inspire the team'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a formal ceremony or gathering.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity \If\j\b\i which relates two variables \Ix\j\b\i and \Iy\j\b\i such that \Iy\j\b\i = \If(x)\j\b\i. Since the values of \Iy\j\b\i depend on the values of \Ix\j\b\i, \Iy\j\b\i is called the \Bdependent variable\j\b\i and \Ix\j\b\i the \Bindependent variable\j\b\i.
\Bfunction\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to perform or carry out one's normal work or function. \Bfunctional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or designed for a particular function, b) in working order; \Bfunctionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hfunctionary\h
\Pnoun\p an official.
#
\Hfund\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a supply or stock of something, especially money: 'he has an unlimited \Ifund\j\b\i of jokes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any available money: 'what \Ifunds\j\b\i do you have for the holiday?'.
\Bfund\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put into a store or fund.
\CX12.\j\b\i to find money or funds for: 'how was the school hall \Ifunded\j\b\i?'.
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\Hfundamental\h
\Isay\j\b\i funda-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being a basis or starting point of something complex: 'this course will give you a \Ifundamental\j\b\i knowledge of the language'.
\CX12.\j\b\i affecting or having to do with the basis: 'we need \Ifundamental\j\b\i changes before the organisation will make a profit'.
\Bfundamental\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a first or essential part or principle. \Bfundamentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfundamentalist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a member of a Protestant church who believes the teachings of the Bible should be followed in a literal and traditional way.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person committed to supporting the basic doctrines of an ideology.
#
\Hfundamental particle\h
an elementary particle.
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\Hfuneral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\ina-r'l \Pnoun\p a) a ceremony for the burial or cremation of a dead person. b) a funeral procession. \Bfunereal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i few-\CX1neer\j\b\iial), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to a funeral, b) gloomy or mournful.
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\Hfuneral parlour\h
a place where funerals are arranged and conducted.
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\Hfungicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fun\j\b\igi-side \Pnoun\p any substance that kills fungi.
#
\Hfungus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bfungi\j\b\i
any of a group of simple plants, such as a mould, mushroom or toadstool, which lacks chlorophyll. \Bfungal\j\b\i, \Bfungous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or relating to a fungus; \Bfungoid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or growing like a fungus. Latin, mushroom
#
\Hfunicular railway\h
a short-distance railway system of cable-linked trains for steep slopes.
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\Hfunnel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tube with a wide mouth narrowing to a thin outlet, often used to pour liquid into bottles.
\CX12.\j\b\i the metal chimney on ships and steam-engines.
\Bfunnel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bfunnelled\j\b\i, \Bfunnelling\j\b\i)
to converge to or into a particular place, etc.: 'the police cordon \Ifunnelled\j\b\i the angry crowd into a blind alley'.
#
\Hfunnel-web spider\h
a large black poisonous Australian spider.
#
\Hfunny\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing laughter and amusement.
\CX12.\j\b\i strange or peculiar.
\Bfunny\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a joke. \Bfunnily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfunniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfunny bone\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a ridge on the humerus near the elbow over which a nerve passes.
#
\Hfunny business\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) any foolish or underhand behaviour.
#
\Hfur\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the soft, thick hair of some animals, such as the beaver or rabbit.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any clothing made of treated animal fur.
\CX13.\j\b\i any soft coating on a surface, especially on the tongue. \Bfurry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, covered with or resembling fur; \Bfurriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurbish\h
\Pverb\p to polish or make as if new.
#
\Hfurious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\iri-us \Padjective\p extremely or violently angry.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ifurious\j\b\i strength of the storm lashed the tiny houses' (= intense, uncontrolled). \Bfuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurl\h
\Pverb\p to roll up tightly.
#
\Hfurlong\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of length equal to about 201 m. Old English \Ifurh\j\b\i furrow + \Ilong\j\b\i long, the length of a furrow in a common field
#
\Hfurlough\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fur\j\b\ilo \Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i a holiday or leave of absence.
#
\Hfurnace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fir\j\b\i-niss \Pnoun\p any of various structures containing a fire of intense heat, used for generating steam, melting ore, etc.
#
\Hfurnish\h
\Pverb\p to supply or equip, especially with appliances, furniture, etc.
\Bfurnishing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) the fittings, furniture, covers, etc. in a house, office, etc.
#
\Hfurniture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fir\j\b\ini-cher \Pnoun\p any movable objects for use in buildings, such as chairs or tables.
#
\Hfurore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-ror \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general uproar or disorder.
\CX12.\j\b\i an outburst of enthusiasm, anger or excitement. Italian, raging
#
\Hfurphy\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a rumour. from \IJ. Furphy & Sons Pty Ltd\j\b\i, manufacturers of water carts
#
\Hfurrier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1furr\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a person who treats, prepares, buys or sells furs.
#
\Hfurriness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfur\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurrow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow trench made in the ground, especially by a plough.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which resembles a furrow: 'he contracted his brow into \Ifurrows\j\b\i'. \Bfurrow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurry\h
\Padjective\p See \Jfur\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurther\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a comparative form of \Bfar\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i in addition or more: 'this theatre will be closed until \Ifurther\j\b\i notice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i furthermore.
\Bfurther\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to promote or help move forward: 'he \Ifurthered\j\b\i the cause of social reform with progressive legislation'. \Bfurtherance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of furthering.
#
\Hfurthermore\h
\Padverb\p also called \Bfurther\j\b\i
also or besides: 'it's too cold to go out, and \Ifurthermore\j\b\i, it's going to rain'.
#
\Hfurthest\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p a superlative form of \Bfar\j\b\i.
#
\Hfurtive\h
\Padjective\p secretive or sly. \Bfurtively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfurtiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifurtivus\j\b\i stolen
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\Hfury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of violent excitement or anger.
\CX12.\j\b\i a violent or fierce person. Latin \IFuria\j\b\i a spirit of madness
#
\Hfurze\h
\Pnoun\p gorse.
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\Hfuse (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i fewz \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device which protects electric circuits by melting when the current exceeds a specified limit.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices, such as a cord soaked in a combustible substance, used to ignite explosives.
\Bfuse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(of an electric circuit) to burn out.
#
\Hfuse (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i fewz \Pverb\p a) to combine or join by melting together. b) to melt or become liquid. \Bfusible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be melted.
#
\Hfuselage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\iza-lahj \Pnoun\p the body of an aircraft. French \IfuselΘ\j\b\i spindle-shaped
#
\Hfusilier\h
\Isay\j\b\i fewza-\CX1leer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a soldier armed with a musket or flintlock. French \Ifusil\j\b\i gun
#
\Hfusillade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\izi-lade \Pnoun\p a simultaneous or continuous discharge of firearms.
#
\Hfusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of fusing, melting or joining. b) the state of being fused or melted.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jnuclear fusion\j\b\i.
#
\Hfuss\h
\Pnoun\p an unnecessary display of excitement or anxiety.
\Bfussy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i too concerned or particular about details, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of elaborate or unnecessary detail: 'it was a \Ifussy\j\b\i dress with flowers, ribbons and false buttons'.
\Bfusspot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is always making a fuss. \Bfuss\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bfussily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfussiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfustian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fuss\j\b\i-tian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a coarse, strong cotton fabric.
\CX12.\j\b\i any pompous, meaningless talk.
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\Hfusty\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i mouldy or stale.
\CX12.\j\b\i old-fashioned or extremely conservative. \Bfustiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hfutile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-tile \Padjective\p having no use, effect or result: 'her efforts to clean the house were made \Ifutile\j\b\i by the children running in and out'. \Bfutilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfutility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i few-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ifutilis\j\b\i leaky
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\Hfuton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1foo\j\b\i-ton \Pnoun\p a type of bed. Japanese
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\Hfuture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1few\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p the time or events still to come.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is little \Ifuture\j\b\i for an outdoor restaurant in this climate' (= chance of success).
\Bfuture\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or occurring at a later time than the present: 'what are your \Ifuture\j\b\i plans for the business?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jtense (2)\j\b\i. \Bfutureless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having no prospect of future success; \Bfuturistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of art, ideas, designs, etc. in the forefront of modern trends. Latin \Ifuturus\j\b\i about to be
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\Hfutures contract\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i an agreement to buy a commodity for future acceptance or to sell a commodity for future delivery.
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\Hfuturity\h
\Isay\j\b\i few-\CX1tew\j\b\iri-tee \Pnoun\p a) future time: 'in \Ifuturity\j\b\i such a society may come about'. b) a future event. c) the quality of being future.
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\Hfuzz\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any fluffy, frizzy substance, especially hair.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the police.
\Bfuzzy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i covered with or resembling fuzz.
\CX12.\j\b\i unclear or blurred. \Bfuzzily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bfuzziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgabbed\j\b\i, \Bgabbing\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk idly or too much.
\Bgift of the gab\j\b\i, a talent for talking easily or well.
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\Hgabble\h
\Pverb\p to speak so rapidly that one cannot be understood. \Bgabble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgabbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who gabbles.
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\Hgaberdine\h
\Isay\j\b\i gabba-\CX1deen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p gabardine a twill-woven fabric usually made from wool, cotton or viscose, often used for raincoats. Old French \Igallevardine\j\b\i pilgrim's robe
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\Hgable\h
\Pnoun\p any triangular section of an outside wall between sloping roofs. \Bgabled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgad\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgadded\j\b\i, \Bgadding\j\b\i)
to move about restlessly or excitedly: 'young people \Igadding\j\b\i about all over the place'.
\Bgadabout\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who flits about restlessly or frivolously.
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\Hgadfly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various kinds of fly which bite cattle and horses.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who provokes or irritates another person.
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\Hgadget\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gaj\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p any small device or tool, usually a mechanical one. \Bgadgetry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any or all gadgets.
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\Hgadolinium\h
\Isay\j\b\i gadda-\CX1linn\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 64, a rare magnetic metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\HGaelic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gay\j\b\ilik \Padjective\p of or relating to the inhabitants of Scotland and Ireland, and their languages.
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\Hgaff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong hook with a long handle, used for landing large fish.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISailing:\j\b\i a spar on the top of a sail forming an extension of the mast.
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\Hgaffe\h
\Isay\j\b\i gaf \Pnoun\p a blunder, such as an indiscreet act or remark.
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\Hgaffer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any older man, especially one's boss. short form of \Igodfather\j\b\i
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\Hgag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything placed in or over the mouth to prevent speech, sound, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i a closure.
\CX13.\j\b\i a joke, especially an impromptu joke made on stage.
\Bgag\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgagged\j\b\i, \Bgagging\j\b\i)
to cough and choke: 'he \Igagged\j\b\i on a fish bone'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government \Igagged\j\b\i the press over the issue' (= prevented comment by).
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\Hgaga\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gah\j\b\i-gah \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) senile or childishly foolish. French, mad
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\Hgaggle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flock of geese.
\CX12.\j\b\i any noisy group.
\Bgaggle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cackle, like a goose.
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\Hgaiety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gay\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being gay.
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\Hgaily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jgay\j\b\i.
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\Hgain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to obtain something wanted or needed: 'to \Igain\j\b\i one's living'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to increase: 'I have \Igained\j\b\i 2 kg in weight'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my watch has \Igained\j\b\i five minutes' (= got ahead of the correct time).
\CX13.\j\b\i to reach or arrive at: 'we \Igained\j\b\i the summit of the mountain after a hard climb'.
\Bgain on, gain upon\j\b\i, a) to get closer to something being pursued; b) to get further in front of one's pursuer.
\Bgain\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an increase, especially of money, possessions, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i an increase in signal power, provided by an amplifier.
to deny: 'there's no \Igainsaying\j\b\i his integrity'.
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\Hgait\h
\Pnoun\p a manner of moving, especially walking: 'a shuffling \Igait\j\b\i'.
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\Hgaiter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gay\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a covering for the lower leg or ankle, made of cloth, leather, etc.
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\Hgala\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gah\j\b\ila \Padjective\p festive or marked by celebration: 'a \Igala\j\b\i occasion'. \Bgala\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a festival or a celebration. Old French \Igale\j\b\i pleasure
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\Hgalactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1lak\j\b\i-tik \Padjective\p See \Jgalaxy\j\b\i.
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\Hgalactose\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1lak\j\b\itoze \Pnoun\p a simple sugar (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I12\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i), commonly occurring in lactose.
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\Hgalah\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1lah\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plump, grey cockatoo with a pink breast, very common in Australia.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fool. Aboriginal
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\Hgalavant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gall\j\b\ia-vant \Pverb\p See \Jgallivant\j\b\i.
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\Hgalaxy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gall\j\b\iak-see \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a) the Milky Way. b) any of the millions of enormous, regularly shaped collections of stars, dust and gas.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Igalaxy\j\b\i of film stars attended the concert' (= glittering collection). \Bgalactic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1lak\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong wind of at least 63 km per hour.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a noisy outburst: 'a \Igale\j\b\i of laughter swept through the audience'.
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\Hgall (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i gawl \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bitterness or severity.
\CX12.\j\b\i bile.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he had the \Igall\j\b\i to ask for another loan' (= impudence, nerve).
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\Hgall (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i gawl \Pnoun\p a sore spot on the skin, especially of horses, caused by rubbing, etc.
\Bgall\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to rub or chafe.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was \Igalled\j\b\i by his stupid interjections' (= irritated, vexed).
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\Hgall (3)\h
\Isay\j\b\i gawl \Pnoun\p an abnormal external growth on plants.
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\Hgallant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gal\j\b\i-ant \Ior\j\b\i ga-\CX1lant\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i brave or courageous: 'she was decorated for her \Igallant\j\b\i rescue attempt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a man) courteous and attentive to women: 'he was very \Igallant\j\b\i at the ball'.
\Bgallant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a fashionable or dashing man, especially one who is very attentive to women. \Bgallantry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, chivalrous or heroic behaviour; \Bgallantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgallantness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being courteous or gallant.
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\Hgall bladder\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small bag underneath the liver, which stores bile and releases it into the duodenum to aid fat digestion.
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\Hgalleon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gall\j\b\iion \Pnoun\p a large, three-masted sailing ship used during the 15th to 17th centuries, especially by Spain.
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\Hgalleria\h
\Isay\j\b\i galla-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a spacious arcade or mall.
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\Hgallery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gall\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a raised, enclosed passage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a room for displaying works of art.
\CX13.\j\b\i a structure projecting from the inside walls of a building, as in a theatre, and containing seats. Also called a \Bbalcony\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i a long narrow room: 'a shooting \Igallery\j\b\i'.
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\Hgalley\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship's kitchen.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a) the metal tray in which a column of type is placed before being made into pages. b) a proof printed on a long piece of paper from a column of type in the tray.
\CX13.\j\b\i an early seagoing vessel propelled by oars, or oars and sails.
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\HGallic\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to France or its inhabitants.
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\Hgallium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 31, a rare metal, used in high-temperature thermometers and semiconductors.
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\Hgallivant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gall\j\b\ia-vant \Pverb\p also spelt \Bgalavant\j\b\i
to move or go about in a frivolous manner or in search of pleasure.
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\Hgallon\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of volume for liquids, equal to about 4.55 litres. A gallon contains 4 quarts, 8 pints or 32 gills. In America it is equal to about 3.79 litres.
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\Hgallop\h
\Pnoun\p the fastest gait of a horse, in which groups of four distinct hoof-beats may be heard. \Bgallop\j\b\i (\Bgalloped\j\b\i, \Bgalloping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to ride or run at a gallop, b) to rush.
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\Hgallows\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gal\j\b\i-oze \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wooden frame with two upright posts and a crosspiece, used to hang a person. A \Bgibbet\j\b\i has one upright post and a projecting crosspiece.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFarming:\j\b\i a wooden frame on which carcasses are hung to be dressed.
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\Hgallstone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gawl\j\b\i-stone \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a small stony mass often formed in the gall bladder or the bile passages.
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\HGallup Poll\h
a public opinion poll, often used to predict election results. a trademark, after \IG. H. Gallup\j\b\i, born 1901, an American statistician
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\Hgalore\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1lor\j\b\i \Padverb\p in abundance.
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\Hgaloshes\h
plural \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgoloshes\j\b\i
a pair of waterproof covers worn over ordinary shoes for protection.
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\Hgalumph\h
\Pverb\p to prance or leap triumphantly. from \Bgal\j\b\i(lop) + (tri)umph\j\b\i, coined by Lewis Carroll
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\Hgalvanic\h
\Isay\j\b\i gal-\CX1vann\j\b\iik \Padjective\p a) of or relating to electricity from a chemical battery. b) relating to or affected by or as if by an electric shock. \Bgalvanism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgalvanic cell\h
also called a \Bvoltaic cell\j\b\i
\IElectronics:\j\b\i a cell containing a liquid electrolyte capable of producing electrical energy by chemical action. after \ILuigi Galvani\j\b\i, 1737-98, an Italian physiologist
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\Hgalvanise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gal\j\b\iva-nize \Pverb\p galvanize \CX11.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i to coat a material, especially iron, by dipping it into molten zinc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stimulate by an electric current.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the workers were \Igalvanised\j\b\i into action by the whistle' (= startled). \Bgalvanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgalvanometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i galva-\CX1nomm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used for detecting and measuring electric current.
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\Hgambit\h
\Pnoun\p any plan or action by which one hopes to gain an advantage. Italian \Igambetto\j\b\i a tripping-up
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\Hgamble\h
\Pverb\p to take a risk, usually involving the loss or gain of something valuable on the outcome of a chance. \Bgamble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgambler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who gambles. Middle English \Igamen\j\b\i to play
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\Hgambol\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgambolled\j\b\i, \Bgambolling\j\b\i)
to skip or spring about in play.
#
\Hgame (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a form of sport or amusement, especially one with rules.
\CX12.\j\b\i the equipment used in any of various games.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'national sports are played at the Highland \IGames\j\b\i' (= athletic contests).
b) 'we won four \Igames\j\b\i in the first set' (= single rounds).
c) 'he was badly off his \Igame\j\b\i today' (= usual style of playing).
d) 'he's in the teaching \Igame\j\b\i' (= profession, business).
e) 'so that's your \Igame\j\b\i!' (= scheme, plan).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) any wild animals hunted for sport or food. b) the flesh of such animals.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfair game\j\b\i, any target thought fit for attack, criticism, etc.
\Bplay the game\j\b\i, to act fairly.
\Bgame\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to gamble.
\Bgame\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to animals hunted for game: 'shooting \Igame\j\b\i birds'.
\CX12.\j\b\i plucky or courageous: 'he's a \Igame\j\b\i little rider'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) willing or having the spirit for: 'young Susie is \Igame\j\b\i for anything'. \Bgamely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, bravely; \Bgameness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) bravery, b) willingness; \Bgamester\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person taking part in a game, especially a gambler.
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a person employed on an estate to look after game, prevent poaching, etc.
#
\Hgamete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gam\j\b\i-eet \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a cell which fuses with another during reproduction to form a zygote that will develop into a new organism. \Bgametic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1mett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgame theory\h
the principal method of operational research, in which mathematical analysis and computers are used to work out the possible results of various combinations of moves and countermoves in war, business rivalry, etc. the name refers to the bluff and counterbluff in the \Igame\j\b\i of poker
#
\Hgamin\h
\Pnoun\p a mischievous child. \Bgamine\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a girl or woman with an elfish or boy-like look; \Bgamin\j\b\i, \Bgamine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgamma globulin\h
a protein present in blood plasma, containing antibodies effective against certain micro-organisms, such as those causing measles, infectious hepatitis and polio.
#
\Hgamma ray\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to, but of shorter wavelength than, X-rays.
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\Hgammon\h
\Pnoun\p the quick-cured hind leg of a bacon pig, bought boned and uncooked and then boiled or grilled as rashers. Compare \Jham\j\b\i.
#
\Hgammy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jgame (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hgamp\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a baggy umbrella. after \ISairey Gamp\j\b\i in Dickens's 'Martin Chuzzlewit'
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\Hgamut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gamm\j\b\iut \Pnoun\p the entire range: 'her face expressed the full \Igamut\j\b\i of emotions'.
#
\Hgamy\h
\Padjective\p (of meat) having the strong flavour characteristic of game.
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\Hgander\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male goose.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a look or glance.
#
\Hgang\h
\Pnoun\p a group of people working together or associating for a particular purpose: a) 'a road \Igang\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Igang\j\b\i of criminals'.
\Bgang\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to form or act as a gang: 'groups of residents \Iganged\j\b\i together to fight the developers'.
\Bgang up on\j\b\i, to join together against.
\Bganger\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the foreman of a group of labourers.
#
\Hgang-gang\h
\Pnoun\p a grey, Australian cockatoo, the male having a red head and crest. Aboriginal
#
\Hgangling\h
\Padjective\p gangly awkwardly tall and spindly: 'a \Igangling\j\b\i adolescent'.
#
\Hganglion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gang\j\b\ili-on \Pnoun\p plural is \Bganglia\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a bundle of nerve cells outside the brain or spinal cord.
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\Hgangplank\h
\Pnoun\p a plank used as a temporary bridge between a ship and the shore or another ship.
#
\Hgangrene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gang\j\b\i-green \Pnoun\p the death of tissue, usually the limbs, due to a lack of blood. \Bgangrene\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgangrenous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gang\j\b\irin-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Igaggraina\j\b\i an eating sore
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\Hgangster\h
\Pnoun\p a member of a gang of criminals.
#
\Hgangway\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a) a passageway on a ship, as between the rail and the cabins on a ship's deck. b) a gangplank.
\Bgangway\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
clear the way!
#
\Hgannet\h
\Pnoun\p a white goose-sized seabird with black-tipped wings, which plunges on fish from a height.
#
\Hgantry\h
\Pnoun\p an overhead framework which supports a load, such as a mobile crane or railway signals.
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\Hgaol\h
\Isay\j\b\i jale \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bjail\j\b\i
an enclosed place where convicted criminals are kept. \Bgaoler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person in charge of prisoners or a gaol; \Bgaol\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put into gaol.
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\Hgaolbird\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jale\j\b\i-bird \Pnoun\p a person who is or has been in gaol.
#
\Hgap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an unfilled space: 'a \Igap\j\b\i in the hedge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a wide \Igap\j\b\i between their views' (= difference, divergence).
\CX12.\j\b\i a break in a mountain range.
#
\Hgape\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to open the mouth widely.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stare in amazement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'holes \Igaped\j\b\i in the road after the earthquake' (= opened widely). \Bgape\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgapingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgarage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1garr\j\b\iarj \Pnoun\p a) a building where motor vehicles are housed or repaired. b) a service station.
\Bgarage sale\j\b\i, the sale of used and unwanted household goods from a garage or home. French \Igarer\j\b\i to put in shelter
#
\Hgarb\h
\Pnoun\p clothes: 'clerical \Igarb\j\b\i'. \Bgarb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to clothe or dress.
#
\Hgarbage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gar\j\b\i-bij \Pnoun\p any rubbish, especially household refuse.
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\Hgarble\h
\Pverb\p to distort something so that it cannot be understood.
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\Hgarden\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any piece of ground used for growing flowers, fruit or vegetables.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) ornamental grounds used as a public park.
\Blead up the garden path\j\b\i, to mislead purposely. \Bgarden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgardener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tends a garden.
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\Hgardenia\h
\Isay\j\b\i gar-\CX1deen\j\b\iya \Pnoun\p an evergreen garden plant with large, fragrant, white or yellow, waxy flowers. after \IA. Garden\j\b\i, 1730-91, an American botanist
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\Hgarfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, plant-eating fish with an extended lower jaw forming a beak. Old English \Igar\j\b\i spear + \Bfish\j\b\i
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\Hgargantuan\h
\Isay\j\b\i gar-\CX1gan\j\b\i-tewan \Padjective\p gigantic. after \IGargantua\j\b\i, a greedy, giant king in a 16th-century satire by Rabelais
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\Hgargle\h
\Pverb\p to keep a liquid in the back of the mouth while blowing a stream of air through it from the lungs. \Bgargle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igurgulio\j\b\i gullet
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\Hgargoyle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gar\j\b\i-goil \Pnoun\p a decorative rainwater spout on the side of a building, often in the shape of a grotesque animal or human.
\Pnoun\p a wreath or ring of flowers used for decoration or as a token of honour. \Bgarland\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to decorate with garlands.
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\Hgarlic\h
\Pnoun\p the strong-flavoured bulb of an onion-like plant used in salads and cooking.
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\Hgarment\h
\Pnoun\p any article of clothing.
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\Hgarner\h
\Pverb\p to gather in or store up, such as grain in a granary.
\Bgarner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an old word for a granary.
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\Hgarnet\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard, crystalline mineral of many colours, used as a gem (in its dark red form) and as an abrasive.
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\Hgarnish\h
\Pverb\p to decorate. \Bgarnish\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything added for decoration; \Bgarnishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgarnishee\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a person ordered by a court to pay money owed to a bankrupt person direct to the bankrupt's creditors.
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\Hgarret\h
\Pnoun\p an attic.
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\Hgarrison\h
\Pnoun\p a) a group of soldiers stationed in a building or town. b) the fort or building where the soldiers are based. \Bgarrison\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgarrotte\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1rot\j\b\i \Pnoun\p garotte a) a strangling or throttling, especially with wire. b) the instrument used. \Bgarrotte\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Spanish \Igarrote\j\b\i a stick used for twisting a cord tight
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\Hgarrulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1garra\j\b\i-lus \Padjective\p very talkative, especially about unimportant matters. \Bgarrulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgarrulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgarter\h
\Pnoun\p a band of elastic worn around the leg to keep a sock or stocking in place.
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\Hgas\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgases\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a substance which has no definite volume and completely fills any container in which it may be kept. Compare \Jliquid\j\b\i and \Bsolid\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various gases or mixtures of gases used as fuel, etc.: 'natural \Igas\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a mixture of such substances used as an anaesthetic.
\CX14.\j\b\i petrol.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which gives great pleasure or delight.
\Bgas\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgassed\j\b\i, \Bgassing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to overcome or suffocate with gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat with gas: 'bananas are \Igassed\j\b\i to help them ripen'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk idly or boastfully. \Bgaseous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gass\j\b\ii-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like gas; \Bgassy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of gas.
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\Hgasbag\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a talkative person.
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\Hgash\h
\Pnoun\p a long, deep wound, especially in the flesh. \Bgash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgasket\h
\Pnoun\p any substance used to seal joints and prevent gas escaping.
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\Hgas mantle\h
a fine, net-like hood giving light from the glow of burning gas, such as used in Primus lights.
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\Hgasmask\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Brespirator\j\b\i
a facemask which filters air through charcoal and certain chemicals before it is inhaled, in order to prevent poisoning or irritation by gases.
\Isay\j\b\i gas\CX1omm\j\b\i-ita \Pnoun\p a large cylindrical gas storage tank.
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\Hgasp\h
\Isay\j\b\i gahsp \Pverb\p to catch or struggle for breath with the mouth open. \Bgasp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgas ring\h
a metal ring pierced with holes, through which gas is supplied for cooking.
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\Hgassy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jgas\j\b\i.
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\Hgastric\h
\Padjective\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i of or relating to the stomach.
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\Hgastro-\h
a prefix meaning stomach, as in \Igastroenteritis\j\b\i. Greek \Igastros\j\b\i of a belly
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\Hgastroenteritis\h
\Pnoun\p an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, dangerous in young children.
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\Hgastronomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i gas-\CX1tronn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the art and knowledge of food and eating. \Bgastronomist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgastronomic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gastra-\CX1nomm\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgastronomically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bgastro-\j\b\i + Greek \Inomos\j\b\i an arrangement
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\Hgastropod\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of molluscs, including snails, having an external, coiled shell and a ventral muscular foot on which it slides about. \Bgastro-\j\b\i + Greek \Ipodos\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hgat\h
\Pverb\p the old past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bget\j\b\i.
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\Hgate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a movable barrier, usually on hinges, which opens and closes an entrance in a fence, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any device or structure which regulates passage, etc. or provides entrance.
\CX13.\j\b\i the total amount of money paid by spectators for admission to a public exhibition, sporting match, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i the series of slots controlling the movement of the gear lever in a motor vehicle.
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\Hgatecrash\h
\Pverb\p to attend a party or other gathering without having been invited. \Bgatecrasher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgatepost\h
\Pnoun\p either of the two fence posts between which a gate is hung.
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\Hgateway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a space or structure within which a gate is situated.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a device which connects two or more networks which use different communications protocols, so that data can be transmitted between them.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an entrance: 'Hawaii - the \Igateway\j\b\i to the Pacific'.
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\Hgather\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pick up or bring together: a) '\Igather\j\b\i the fallen fruit'; b) 'to \Igather\j\b\i one's thoughts'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her skirt was \Igathered\j\b\i at the waist' (= drawn together in folds).
b) 'the car \Igathered\j\b\i speed as it approached the corner' (= increased).
\CX12.\j\b\i to conclude or understand: 'I \Igather\j\b\i you are not very enthusiastic'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a sore) to form a head of pus.
\Bgather\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a drawing together, especially of folds in fabric.
\Bgathering\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a group of people assembled together.
\CX12.\j\b\i a series of gathers in fabric.
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\Hgauche\h
\Isay\j\b\i goesh \Padjective\p awkward or tactless. \Bgaucherie\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, awkwardness. French, left, left hand
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\Hgaucho\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gow\j\b\i-cho \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a South American cowboy usually of mixed Spanish and Indian parentage.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of knee-length culottes.
\Isay\j\b\i gayj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scale or standard of measure: 'there is no real \Igauge\j\b\i of a person's character'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any instrument for measuring something, such as pressure, temperature, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i the thickness or diameter of something, such as wire.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i the distance between the rails.
\Bgauge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to measure or estimate: 'it was not difficult to \Igauge\j\b\i his motives'.
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\Hgaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i gawnt \Padjective\p thin or haggard. \Bgauntness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgauntlet (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gawnt\j\b\i-let \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mailed or armoured glove formerly used in battle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong glove with a wide cuff reaching to the elbow.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpick\j\b\i, \Btake up the gauntlet\j\b\i, to accept a challenge.
\Bthrow down the gauntlet\j\b\i, to issue a challenge. Old French \Igant\j\b\i glove
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\Hgauntlet (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gawnt\j\b\i-let \Pnoun\p \Brun the gauntlet\j\b\i, a) to be forced to run between two rows of men who strike the passing victim, formerly used as a military punishment; b) to expose oneself to extreme danger, criticism, etc. Swedish \Igata\j\b\i lane + \Ilopp\j\b\i a running course
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\Hgauss\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pnoun\p a unit of magnetic induction. after \IK. F. Gauss\j\b\i, 1777-1855, a German mathematician
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\Hgauze\h
\Isay\j\b\i gawz \Pnoun\p a) any thin, transparent woven fabric. b) any similar open material consisting of crossed lines, such as wire.
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\Hgave\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bgive\j\b\i.
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\Hgavel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gavv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a small hammer used to signal for silence, in court, at a meeting, etc.
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\Hgawk\h
\Pverb\p to stare stupidly or rudely.
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\Hgawky\h
\Padjective\p awkward or clumsy. \Bgawkily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgawkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgay\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i happy, and full of joy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) homosexual. \Bgaily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a gay manner; \Bgayness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgaze\h
\Pverb\p to look with fixed attention, curiosity, etc. \Bgaze\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgazebo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1zee\j\b\ibo \Pnoun\p a structure, such as a glass pavilion, with a wide view.
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\Hgazelle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1zel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small African or Asian antelope. Arabic
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\Hgazette\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1zet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an official or government publication.
\CX12.\j\b\i a title for certain newspapers. \Bgazette\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to publish in a gazette. Italian \Igazeta\j\b\i a Venetian coin, the price of a gazette
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\Hgazetteer\h
\Isay\j\b\i gazza-\CX1teer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a geographical dictionary.
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\Hgazump\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to accept a higher offer after a deal has been agreed to.
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\Hgear\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mechanism for transmitting or changing movement, e.g. by cogwheels.
\CX12.\j\b\i any tools or apparatus for a particular purpose: 'he packed his fishing \Igear\j\b\i into the car'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any clothes.
\Bgear\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with gears.
\CX12.\j\b\i to adjust or adapt: 'the nation's economy is \Igeared\j\b\i to support primary industry.'.
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\Hgearbox\h
\Pnoun\p the case within which the gears of a motor vehicle are enclosed.
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\Hgecko\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small flat lizards, usually with pads on their toes which stick to surfaces for climbing. Malay
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\Hgeek\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid or annoying person.
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an odd person, especially an old man. from \Iguiser\j\b\i, an old word for a person who wears a disguise
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\HGeiger counter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gie\j\b\i-ga counter a portable instrument used for detecting and measuring radioactivity. after \IH. Geiger\j\b\i, 1882-1945, a German physicist
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\Hgeisha\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gee\j\b\isha \Ior\j\b\i \CX1gay\j\b\isha \Pnoun\p a Japanese woman trained to entertain with dancing, conversation, etc. Japanese
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\Hgel\h
\Isay\j\b\i jel \Pnoun\p a colloidal solution which has set to a jelly. \Bgel\j\b\i (\Bgelled\j\b\i, \Bgelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to form or become a gel. short form of \Igelatine\j\b\i
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\Hgelatine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jell\j\b\ia-teen \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgelatin\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jell\j\b\ia-tin)
\CX11.\j\b\i a complex protein derived from animal tissue, soluble in water and setting into a jelly. It is used in foods, photography and medicine.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various similar jelly-like substances. \Bgelatinous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jel-\CX1att\j\b\iin-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like jelly. Latin \Igelatus\j\b\i frozen
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\Hgelato\h
\Isay\j\b\i jel-\CX1aht\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgelati\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jell-\CX1ah\j\b\iti)
an ice-cream, usually made with water instead of milk.
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\Hgeld\h
\Pverb\p to castrate an animal, especially a horse.
\Bgelding\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a castrated animal, especially a horse.
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\Hgelignite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jell\j\b\iig-nite \Pnoun\p an explosive containing nitroglycerine, used for blasting. \Bgel\j\b\i(atine) + Latin \Iignis\j\b\i fire
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\Hgem\h
\Isay\j\b\i jem \Pnoun\p also called a \Bjewel\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a precious or semi-precious stone, cut and polished in order to show off its beauty.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is highly valued for its worth or beauty: 'this poem is a literary \Igem\j\b\i'.
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\HGemini\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jemm\j\b\iin-eye \Pnoun\p also called the \BTwins\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the third sign of the zodiac.
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\Hgen\h
\Isay\j\b\i jen \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the general or correct information about something. from \Bgen\j\b\i(eral information)
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\H-gen\h
a suffix meaning producing, as in \Ihydrogen\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hgendarme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1\Izh\j\b\ion\j\b\i-darm \Pnoun\p a member of the armed military police force in certain European countries, such as France. \Bgendarmerie\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \Izh\j\b\ion-\CX1dar\j\b\ima-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i, a force of gendarmes. French \Igens\j\b\i people + \Id'armes\j\b\i bearing arms
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\Hgender\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i any of the classifications given to \Pnoun\ps or \Ppronoun\ps according to the sex of the person or thing described, as \Bmasculine\j\b\i (he); \Bfeminine\j\b\i (she); \Bneuter\j\b\i (it) or \Bcommon\j\b\i (child).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the sex of any animal. \Bgender\j\b\i. In recent times \Igender\j\b\i has been used to refer to the social roles of men and women that are perceived to be operating in a society: 'the lecture dealt with the issue of \Igender\j\b\i and justice'.
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\Hgender-specific\h
\Padjective\p relating to a one sex only: '"poetess" is a \Igender-specific\j\b\i term'.
#
\Hgene\h
\Isay\j\b\i jeen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the unit of heredity associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and found on a chromosome, transmitting characteristics (e.g. eye colour).
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\Hgenealogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i jeeni-\CX1all\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a family tree or the record of a person's ancestors and relatives. \Bgenealogical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jenni-a-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgenealogist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jeeni-\CX1all\j\b\ia-jist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Igenea\j\b\i race + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hgenera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\iera plural \Pnoun\p See \Jgenus\j\b\i.
#
\Hgeneral\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, affecting or including all or the whole: a) 'a \Igeneral\j\b\i election'; b) 'a \Igeneral\j\b\i strike'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Igeneral\j\b\i opinion' (= most common, majority).
b) 'as a \Igeneral\j\b\i rule' (= not rigid, limited or restricted).
c) 'she only gave very \Igeneral\j\b\i directions' (= vague, not exact).
\CX12.\j\b\i having superior or chief rank: 'the postmaster \Igeneral\j\b\i'.
\Bgeneral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a commissioned officer in the armed forces next below a field marshal.
\Bin general\j\b\i, a) 'we spoke about things \Iin general\j\b\i' (= as a whole, not particular); b) '\Iin general\j\b\i summer is a warm season' (= as a general rule).
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\Hgeneral election\h
See \Jelection\j\b\i.
#
\Hgeneralise\h
\Pverb\p generalize \CX11.\j\b\i to draw a general conclusion from one or more particular cases.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a vague or sweeping statement. \Bgeneralisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgeneralissimo\h
\Isay\j\b\i jenna-r'l-\CX1issi\j\b\i-mo \Pnoun\p a title for the supreme commander of the armed forces in certain countries.
#
\Hgenerality\h
\Isay\j\b\i jenna-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vague or general statement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a general principle.
#
\Hgenerally\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i usually: 'I am \Igenerally\j\b\i home by 7 o'clock'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in a general or vague way: '\Igenerally\j\b\i speaking I don't like small dogs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i for the most or larger part: 'his plan was \Igenerally\j\b\i approved'.
#
\Hgeneral practitioner\h
short form is \BG.P\j\b\i.
a doctor whose practice deals with the general health of a community, as distinct from specialised areas of medicine.
#
\Hgeneral staff\h
a group of officers assisting a commander in planning military operations.
#
\Hgenerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to produce or cause: 'the strikes \Igenerated\j\b\i much hostility towards the unions'.
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\Hgeneration\h
\Isay\j\b\i jenna-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) each successive stage in a family descent: 'three \Igenerations\j\b\i of the family were present - mother, daughter, and granddaughter'. b) the average time between any two such stages, usually considered as being about 30 years among human beings.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of people born at about the same time: 'they had become known as the pop \Igeneration\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of generating or producing: 'the \Igeneration\j\b\i of electricity'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a distinct period in the evolution of the computer in which one or several significant developments occur:
a) \Bfirst generation\j\b\i computers were physically large, expensive to run and maintain and used valves as key components.
b) \Bsecond generation\j\b\i computers used transistors as key components, were smaller, faster and consumed less power than first generation computers.
c) \Bthird generation\j\b\i computers used integrated circuits, were smaller, faster and used less power than second generation computers.
d) \Bfourth generation\j\b\i computers are currently in common use, and use processor chips which have enabled the construction of smaller, often portable, more powerful machines than were previously available.
e) \Bfifth generation\j\b\i computers offer great advancements in computing speed and flexibility of use, they incorporate sophisticated multimedia facilities and variable data sources, e.g. video and audio.
#
\Hgenerative\h
\Padjective\p relating to or capable of producing offspring or new forms.
#
\Hgenerator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rayter \Pnoun\p a device which converts one form of energy into another, especially a machine which produces electrical energy from mechanical energy.
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\Hgeneric\h
\Isay\j\b\i je\CX1nerr\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or common to a whole genus or group: '\IAcacia\j\b\i is the \Igeneric\j\b\i name for wattles'. \Bgenerically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Igeneris\j\b\i of a kind
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\Hgenerous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i ready to give freely.
\CX12.\j\b\i plentiful or large: '\Igenerous\j\b\i slices of cake'.
the quality of being generous or unselfish. \Bgenerously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Igenerosus\j\b\i of noble birth
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\Hgenesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgeneses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ia-seez)
a beginning or creation. Greek
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\Hgenetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i je\CX1nett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to genes or genetics.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to genesis or creation. \Bgenetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgenetic engineering\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i the manipulation of the genes of a living organism so as to alter in a specific way the form or function of that organism and of its descendants.
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\Hgenetics\h
\Isay\j\b\i je\CX1nett\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of heredity and the differences between living things due to inheriting certain characteristics. \Bgeneticist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i je\CX1nett\j\b\ia-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Igennetikos\j\b\i productive
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\Hgenial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jeen\j\b\ii-ul \Padjective\p mildly pleasant, kind or favourable. \Bgenially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgeniality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jeeni-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hgenie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jeen\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgenii\j\b\i
\IFolklore:\j\b\i a spirit or demon, especially one capable of changing into many different forms.
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\Hgenitals\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\ii-t'ls plural \Pnoun\p also called the \Bgenitalia\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jenni-\CX1tay\j\b\i-lee-a)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the organs of reproduction, being the penis, testes and associated parts in the male and the ovaries, uterus, vagina and associated parts in the female. \Bgenital\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgenitive case\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hgenius\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jee\j\b\ini-us \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgeniuses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) an exceptionally high intelligence or creative ability. b) a person with this talent or ability.
\CX12.\j\b\i any natural ability or talent: 'he has a \Igenius\j\b\i for getting into trouble'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i a genie. Plural is \Bgenii\j\b\i. Latin, a natural taste
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\Hgenocide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\io-side \Pnoun\p a systematic attempt to destroy a racial group or nation. \Bgenocidal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jenno-\CX1side\j\b\i-al), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Igenos\j\b\i race + Latin \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hgenotype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\io-tipe \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the genetic constitution of an organism. Compare \Jphenotype\j\b\i.
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\Hgenre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1\Izh\j\b\ion\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p a style, variety or category, especially in art, film, literature, etc.
\Bgenre painting\j\b\i, paintings of scenes of local everyday life. French
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\Hgent\h
\Isay\j\b\i jent \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a gentleman.
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\Hgenteel\h
\Isay\j\b\i jen-\CX1teel\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i well-bred, refined or elegant.
\CX12.\j\b\i over-refined in manners, speech or outlook. \Bgenteelly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgentility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jen-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgentian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) a small European mountain plant with blue, trumpet-shaped flowers. b) any of various similar but unrelated flowers.
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\Hgentile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-tile \Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) any person who is not Jewish, especially a Christian. Late Latin \Igentilis\j\b\i foreign
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\Hgentle\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i soft or kind: a) '\Igentle\j\b\i words soothed his anger'; b) 'a \Igentle\j\b\i breeze'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Igentle\j\b\i slopes did not take long to climb' (= moderate, not severe).
\CX12.\j\b\i being born of a respected family. \Bgently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgentleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgentleman\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgentlemen\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a well-bred, educated man with socially correct manners. b) a polite form of address for any man.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a male, personal servant. \Bgentlemanly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgentlemen's agreement\h
an agreement guaranteed by trust and honour rather than by legal means.
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\Hgentlewoman\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgentlewomen\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a woman born of a respected family.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a female, personal servant.
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\Hgentrification\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-trif-ikay-sh'n \Pnoun\p the rejuvenation of an area or object, usually so that it is superior to its original in quality and style.
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\Hgentry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-tree plural \Pnoun\p the well-born or privileged people in a society.
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\Hgenuflect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-yoo-flekt \Pverb\p to kneel or bend the knee or knees, especially as an act of worship. \Bgenuflection\j\b\i, \Bgenuflexion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igenu\j\b\i knee + \Iflectere\j\b\i bend
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\Hgenuine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jen\j\b\i-yoo-in \Padjective\p real or true: a) '\Igenuine\j\b\i fear'; b) 'a \Igenuine\j\b\i antique'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I like a person to be honest and \Igenuine\j\b\i' (= sincere). \Bgenuinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgenuineness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgenus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jee\j\b\inus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgenera\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jenn\j\b\iera)
\IBiology:\j\b\i the group below family, used in the classification of animals or plants. Latin, a stock, category
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\Hgeo-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jee\j\b\i-o a prefix meaning the earth, as in \Igeology\j\b\i.
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\Hgeocentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p having the earth as the centre.
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\Hgeochemistry\h
\Pnoun\p the study of the chemical composition of the earth's crust, and the changes taking place within it. \Bgeochemist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgeochemically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgeodesic\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1dee\j\b\isik \Ior\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1dess\j\b\iik \Padjective\p also called \Bgeodetik\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1dett\j\b\iik)
relating to the geometry of curved surfaces.
\Bgeodesic dome\j\b\i
a hemispherical dome formed of interlocking polygons.
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\Hgeodesy\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1odd\j\b\ia-see \Pnoun\p also called \Bgeodetiks\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1dett\j\b\iiks)
the science of surveying large areas of the earth, allowing for its curvature. \Bgeo-\j\b\i + Greek \Idaisia\j\b\i division
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\Hgeography\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the study of the earth's surface, including its physical features, climates, vegetations, soils, population distribution, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the physical features of a particular area. \Bgeographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who studies geography; \Bgeographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Bgeographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgeographically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bgeo-\j\b\i + Greek \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hgeology\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the study of the earth, its origin, structure, composition and history.
\CX12.\j\b\i the features of a region in relation to geology: 'the \Igeology\j\b\i of central Australia'. \Bgeological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgeologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgeologist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jist), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bgeo-\j\b\i + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hgeometric\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1mett\j\b\i-rik \Padjective\p geometrical \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to geometry.
\CX12.\j\b\i using or resembling the lines and shapes characteristic of geometry: 'the chocolates were arranged in \Igeometric\j\b\i patterns in the box'. \Bgeometrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgeometric mean\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a mean of \In\j\b\i numbers found by taking the \In\j\b\ith root of the product of the numbers. \IExample\j\b\i: the geometric mean of 2 and 8 is 4 because 2 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 8 = 16 and the square root of 16 is 4. Compare \Jarithmetic mean\j\b\i.
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\Hgeometric progression\h
geometrical progression \IMaths:\j\b\i a sequence of numbers which increases or decreases at an increasing rate, as in the series 2, 4, 8, 16, in which each term bears a constant ratio to its predecessor. Compare \Jarithmetic progression\j\b\i.
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\Hgeometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1omm\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a branch of maths studying the properties of figures in space. \Bgeometrician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-omma-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bgeo-\j\b\i + Greek \Imetron\j\b\i a measure
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\Hgeomorphology\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-mor\CX1foll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of landforms on the earth and their relationship to the underlying rocks. \Bgeomorphologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgeomorphic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgeophysics\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1fizz\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the physical processes related to the earth's structure, e.g. gravitation, tides, earthquakes and the earth's magnetism. \Bgeophysicist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1fizz\j\b\ia-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgeophysical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgeothermal\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-o-\CX1therm\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the internal heat of the earth.
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\Hgeotropism\h
\Isay\j\b\i jeeo-\CX1tro\j\b\i-pizm \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i having a change in the direction of plant growth in response to gravity.
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\Hgeranium\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer-\CX1ray\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p a garden shrub with red, pink or white flowers, the leaves of which are often variegated. Greek \Igeranos\j\b\i a crane, because the fruit of the plant was thought to resemble a crane's bill
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\Hgeriatrics\h
\Isay\j\b\i jerri-\CX1at\j\b\iriks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the medical, hygienic and related care of aged people. \Bgeriatric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to the care of aged people; \Bgeriatric\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an aged person; \Bgeriatrician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jerri-a\CX1trish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Igeras\j\b\i old age + \Iiatros\j\b\i physician
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\Hgerm\h
\Isay\j\b\i jerm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any micro-organism which may cause disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which serves as a basis or beginning of growth, development, etc.: 'the \Igerm\j\b\i of an escape plan formed in the prisoner's mind'. Latin \Igermen\j\b\i a bud
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\Hgermane\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer\CX1mane\j\b\i \Padjective\p significantly related or relevant. Latin \Igermanus\j\b\i of the same parents
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\HGermanic\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer-\CX1mann\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to Germany or the Germans.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a northern European race which includes Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, etc. or their languages. Also called \BTeutonic\j\b\i.
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\Hgermanium\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer-\CX1may\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p element number 32, a rare metal used as a semiconductor.
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\HGerman measles\h
also called \Brubella\j\b\i
a mild infectious, viral disease, usually in children, causing red spots. If contracted in early pregnancy it may damage the unborn child.
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\HGerman shepherd\h
Also called \BAlsatian\j\b\i
any of a breed of large, strong, smooth-haired dogs used as police-dogs, etc.
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\Hgerm cell\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i a reproductive cell at any stage of its development into a gamete.
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\Hgermicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\imi-side \Pnoun\p any substance which kills germs or micro-organisms. \Bgermicidal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgerminal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\imi-n'l \Padjective\p relating to a germ or germ cell.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the plan is still in its \Igerminal\j\b\i stages' (= early, beginning).
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\Hgerminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\imi-nate \Pverb\p to develop and grow, as a plant from a seed. \Bgermination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgerm theory\h
the doctrine of biogenesis.
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\Hgerm warfare\h
a form of biological warfare using bacteria, viruses, etc. to destroy life.
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\Hgerontology\h
\Isay\j\b\i jeron-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the ageing process and of the disabilities of old age. Greek \Igerontos\j\b\i of an old man + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hgerrymander\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jerr\j\b\ii-manda \Pverb\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i to arrange the boundaries of electorates to the advantage of a particular party or candidate. \Bgerrymander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from \IE. Gerry\j\b\i, a governor of Massachusetts who created new boundaries there in 1812 + (sala)mander\j\b\i, which animal the rearranged map was considered to resemble
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\Hgerund\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jerr\j\b\iund \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a \Pnoun\p formed from a \Pverb\p. \IExample\j\b\i: 'he does not like \Ireading\j\b\i'.
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\HGestalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i ge-sh\CX1talt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a whole which is more than the sum of the parts into which it can be logically analysed. b) an organised pattern considered as a whole unit.
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\HGestapo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ges-\CX1tar\j\b\ipo \Pnoun\p the secret police in Germany from 1933-45, working to ensure obedience to the Nazi Government. German \Bge\j\b\i(heime) \Bsta\j\b\i(ats) \Bpo\j\b\i(lizei) secret state police
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\Hgestation\h
\Isay\j\b\i jes-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the act or period of carrying a developing embryo in the uterus. \Bgestate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jes-\CX1tate\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Igestatus\j\b\i carried
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\Hgesticulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i jes\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p to make gestures, especially when speaking and for emphasis or explanation. \Bgesticulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgesture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jes\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a movement of the body or limbs, made to express or emphasise an idea, emotion, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she did it as a \Igesture\j\b\i of her friendship' (= indication).
\CX11.\j\b\i to obtain: 'she \Igot\j\b\i the top mark in the exam'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the ball \Igot\j\b\i me in the back' (= hit).
b) 'I will go and \Iget\j\b\i the book' (= fetch, bring).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I do not \Iget\j\b\i your meaning' (= understand).
d) 'he \Igot\j\b\i ten years in prison for rape' (= was sentenced to).
e) 'you must put petrol into the car to \Iget\j\b\i it to start' (= cause).
f) 'I shall \Iget\j\b\i dinner now' (= make ready).
g) 'can you \Iget\j\b\i her to visit me?' (= persuade).
h) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he has \Igot\j\b\i to be there' (= an obligation or duty).
i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'let's \Iget\j\b\i the informer' (= punish, kill).
j) 'he \Igets\j\b\i tired very easily' (= becomes).
k) 'some bricklayers \Iget\j\b\i more than doctors' (=earn).
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate movement away, in, out, over, through, etc.: 'we all \Igot\j\b\i out of the car'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget across\j\b\i, to make understood.
\Bget around\j\b\i, \Bget about\j\b\i, a) 'she \Igets around\j\b\i a lot' (= travels, moves about); b) 'the rumour \Igot around\j\b\i' (= circulated).
\Bget at\j\b\i, a) 'that shelf is difficult to \Iget at\j\b\i' (= reach); b) 'I cannot see what you are \Igetting at\j\b\i' (= hinting, suggesting); c) 'vandals \Igot at\j\b\i our house' (= tampered with).
\Bget through to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to make understand.
\Bget up\j\b\i, to rise, especially from bed.
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\Hget-together\h
\Pnoun\p an informal gathering or party.
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\Hget-up\h
\Pnoun\p an outfit or costume.
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\Hgew-gaw\h
\Pnoun\p a trinket.
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\Hgeyser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gie\j\b\i-za) a spring which sends up jets of hot water and steam.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gee\j\b\iza) a gas device which heats but does not store water. Icelandic \Igeysir\j\b\i a hot spring
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\Hghastly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gahst\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i dreadful or terrifying.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what a \Ighastly\j\b\i smell!' (= very unpleasant).
\CX12.\j\b\i extremely pale.
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\Hghee\h
\Isay\j\b\i gee \Pnoun\p a kind of clarified butter. Hindi
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\Hgherkin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ger\j\b\ikin \Pnoun\p a small cucumber, usually for pickling.
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\Hghetto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gett\j\b\io \Pnoun\p an area in a city where a minority group lives separately from other groups in the community. Italian
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\Hghettoblaster\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1get\j\b\ito-blarster \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a powerful, portable stereo radio-cassette player.
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\Hghilgai\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gil\j\b\i-gie \Pnoun\p gilgai \IAustralian:\j\b\i a shallow water-hole. Aboriginal
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\Hghost\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bshade\j\b\i
the spirit or semblance of a dead person, believed to visit or haunt living people.
\Bgive up the ghost\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to die. \Bghostly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bghostliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hghost gum\h
a species of Australian eucalypt which has a smooth white trunk.
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\Hghost writer\h
a person who is commissioned to write a work which will be attributed to another person.
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\Hghoul\h
\Isay\j\b\i gool \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an evil spirit believed, by Moslems, to eat human bodies or rob graves.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who enjoys revolting or horrible things. \Bghoulish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bghoulishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Arabic
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\Hgiant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jie\j\b\i-ant \Pnoun\p a person or thing of unusually large size, importance, etc. \Bgiant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgibber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gibb\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a large stone. A \Bgibber plain\j\b\i is a large, flat area covered with gibbers where wind or water has removed the soil.
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\Hgibberish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jibb\j\b\ia-rish \Pnoun\p any rapid or unintelligible talk.
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\Hgibbet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jibb\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p See \Jgallows\j\b\i.
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\Hgibbon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gibb\j\b\ien \Pnoun\p a small, long-armed ape, living in the forests of tropical Asia.
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\Hgibe\h
\Isay\j\b\i jibe \Pverb\p also spelt \Bjibe\j\b\i
to mock or jeer. \Bgibe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgiblets\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jib\j\b\ilets plural \Pnoun\p the heart, neck, liver and gizzard of a fowl, usually removed from the bird and cooked separately.
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\Hgiddy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gidd\j\b\iee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a light-headed spinning sensation.
\CX12.\j\b\i frivolous or flighty. \Bgiddily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgiddiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgift\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a present.
\CX12.\j\b\i a special ability: 'she has a \Igift\j\b\i for languages'. \Bgifted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a special ability or talent.
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\Hgift-horse\h
\Pnoun\p \Blook a gift-horse in the mouth\j\b\i, to accept a gift or favour ungraciously. To \Blook a gift-horse in the mouth\j\b\i refers to the way of assessing a horse's age by opening its mouth and examining its teeth. It was obviously impolite to do this when given a horse as a gift because one would be seen to be checking up on its age in order to assess its value.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the engagement of a musician or a band, usually for one performance only. b) the place of performance.
\CX12.\j\b\i an open, two-wheeled carriage pulled by one horse. Also called a \Bsulky\j\b\i or a \Bjinker\j\b\i.
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\Hgiga-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one thousand million (10{\up6 9\j\b\i). Greek \Igigas\j\b\i giant
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\Hgigabyte\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a measurement of information of one thousand million bytes.
\Pverb\p to laugh in a silly or nervous manner. \Bgiggle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgiggly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgigolo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jigg\j\b\ia-lo \Pnoun\p a young man who is employed as a dancing-partner or escort, or is kept as a lover, by an older woman. French
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\Hgild\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgilded\j\b\i or \Bgilt\j\b\i, \Bgilding\j\b\i)
to cover with a fine layer of gold or golden colour.
\Bgild the lily\j\b\i, to spoil beauty by overdecorating. \Bgilding\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a golden surface or coating, b) any fine but deceptive appearance.
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\Hgilgai\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jghilgai\j\b\i.
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\Hgill (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an external organ in aquatic animals, used for gas exchange in respiration.
\CX12.\j\b\i one of the thin, radial plates on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, etc.
\Bgreen around the gills\j\b\i, sickly in appearance.
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\Hgill (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i jill \Pnoun\p See \Jgallon\j\b\i.
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\Hgilt\h
\Pnoun\p a thin layer of gold or similar material.
\Bgilt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bgild\j\b\i. \Bgilt\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, golden.
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\Hgilt-edged\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the edges gilded.
\CX12.\j\b\i of the highest quality, especially of stock which is issued by the Government or is extremely safe as an investment: '\Igilt-edged\j\b\i securities'.
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\Hgimbals\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jim\j\b\i-belz plural \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the rings and pivots in which an object, such as a compass, sits and swings to remain level as the boat moves.
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\Hgimlet\h
\Pnoun\p a small tool with a pointed spiral end for drilling holes.
\Bgimlet eyes\j\b\i, eyes which look piercingly or penetratingly. \Bgimlet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pierce with or as if with a gimlet.
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\Hgimmick\h
\Pnoun\p a novel or tricky means or device, especially one intended to boost sales. \Bgimmicky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgimp\h
\Pnoun\p a trimming on a garment.
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\Hgin (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i jin \Pnoun\p a strong liquor made from rye or other grain and flavoured with juniper berries.
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\Hgin (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i jin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine for separating the seeds from a cotton plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i a trap or snare for animals. Old French \Iengin\j\b\i engine
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\Hgin (3)\h
\Isay\j\b\i jin \Pnoun\p \IAboriginal:\j\b\i See \Jlubra\j\b\i.
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\Hginger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jin\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the strong-smelling root of a tropical plant, used in cooking and medicine.
a soft drink with a ginger flavour, often mixed with spirits.
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\Hginger beer\h
a soft drink with a ginger flavour, consisting of water brewed with sugar and yeast.
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\Hgingerbread\h
\Pnoun\p a treacle or honey cake flavoured with ginger.
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\Hginger group\h
a group of people working within a larger group or association to introduce changes or a modern outlook.
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\Hgingerly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jin\j\b\ija-lee \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p with extreme caution or care.
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\Hgingery\h
\Padjective\p See \Jginger\j\b\i.
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\Hgingham\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ging\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p a cotton fabric with a coloured check pattern.
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\Hgingivitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i jinji-\CX1vie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an infection of the gums. Latin \Igingiva\j\b\i gum + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Hgin rummy\h
a card game similar to rummy in which a player may finish when he or she has ten or fewer unmatched points.
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\Hginseng\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jin\j\b\i-seng \Pnoun\p a medicinal plant with an aromatic root.
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\Hgipsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jip\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p gypsy \CX11.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a) a member of a nomadic people, of Hindu origin, now found mainly in Europe. Also called a \BRomany\j\b\i. b) their language.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who lives in gipsy style. a short form of \IEgyptian\j\b\i, because they were believed to come from Egypt
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\Hgiraffe\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer-\CX1arf\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a spotted mammal which has a long neck, long legs and feeds on leaves in open forests in Africa. It is the tallest known mammal.
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\Hgird (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgirt\j\b\i or \Bgirded\j\b\i, \Bgirding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to encircle with or as if with a belt, band, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prepare for action.
\Bgird one's loins\j\b\i, See \Jloin\j\b\i.
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\Hgird (2)\h
\Pverb\p to jeer.
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\Hgirder\h
\Pnoun\p a large, usually horizontal, beam supporting a structure.
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\Hgirdle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a belt or cord worn around the waist.
\CX12.\j\b\i any belt or band, such as a ring of bark cut from a tree trunk.
\CX13.\j\b\i a corset.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a connected ring of bones, such as the shoulder girdle or the pelvic girdle.
\Bgirdle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to encircle or enclose.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cut away the bark of a tree in a ring.
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\Hgirl\h
\Pnoun\p a female child. \Bgirlish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgirlishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgirlhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgirlfriend\h
\Pnoun\p a) a female friend. b) the current chosen companion of a boy or man.
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\Hgirt\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bgird (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hgirth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the measurement around something.
\CX12.\j\b\i a band passed under a horse's belly to hold a saddle or pack in place.
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\Hgist\h
\Isay\j\b\i jist \Pnoun\p the essential part of something: 'what exactly is the \Igist\j\b\i of your argument?'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide or hand over, especially without expecting payment, etc. in return: 'she \Igave\j\b\i the beggar some coins'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause: 'does your leg \Igive\j\b\i you pain?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to \Ppronoun\pce: 'the jury \Igave\j\b\i a verdict of guilty'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to result in: 'the latest trade figures \Igive\j\b\i a gloomy picture of our prospects'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to submit: 'he was stubborn at first, but then he began to \Igive\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to make suddenly: 'she \Igave\j\b\i a start when she saw him'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'how much will you \Igive\j\b\i me for my car?' (= pay).
b) 'the newspaper \Igave\j\b\i the true facts' (= presented).
c) 'I \Igive\j\b\i you the Mayor' (= introduce or present to).
d) 'I don't \Igive\j\b\i a damn what you think' (= care).
e) 'he \Igave\j\b\i a marvellous party' (= was host at).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive and take\j\b\i, 'life is a matter of \Igive and take\j\b\i' (= compromise).
\Bgive away\j\b\i, a) to give as a present; b) 'let's \Igive\j\b\i the work \Iaway\j\b\i for a while' (= stop); c) 'her smile \Igave\j\b\i her \Iaway\j\b\i' (= betrayed).
\Bgiven to\j\b\i, 'you are \Igiven to\j\b\i lying' (= in the habit of).
\Bgive or take\j\b\i, 'he must be 70, \Igive or take\j\b\i a year' (= approximately).
\Bgive out\j\b\i, a) 'let's \Igive out\j\b\i the presents now' (= distribute); b) 'she \Igave out\j\b\i a terrible cry' (= made, let out); c) 'his voice \Igave out\j\b\i during the speech' (= became exhausted).
\Bgive over\j\b\i, 'the day was \Igiven over\j\b\i to celebrating' (= devoted).
\Bgive up\j\b\i, a) 'you must \Igive\j\b\i yourself \Iup\j\b\i' (= surrender); b) 'try to \Igive up\j\b\i smoking' (= stop).
\Bgive way\j\b\i, to yield or submit, especially in traffic.
#
\Hgizzard\h
\Pnoun\p a muscular organ in certain animals, such as birds, which grinds and digests food.
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\HglacΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glar\j\b\i-say \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i coated with sugar.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a smooth glossy surface, as on kid leather.
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\Hglacier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glay\j\b\i-see-a \Pnoun\p a large mass of moving ice, formed from compacted snow. \Bglacial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to or associated with the action of ice or glaciers, b) extremely cold; \Bglaciate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or affect by ice. French \Iglace\j\b\i ice
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\Hglaciology\h
\Isay\j\b\i glay-see-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of ice and its effects on landscapes.
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\Hglad\h
\Padjective\p (\Bgladder\j\b\i, \Bgladdest\j\b\i)
pleased or happy: 'I'm \Iglad\j\b\i you could visit me'. \Bgladly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgladness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgladden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become glad.
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\Hglade\h
\Pnoun\p an open space in a forest.
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\Hgladiator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gladd\j\b\ii-ayta \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i a person trained to perform public fights in Roman arenas. \Bgladiatorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gladdia-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Igladius\j\b\i sword
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\Hgladiolus\h
\Isay\j\b\i gladdi-\CX1ole\j\b\i-us \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgladioli\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gladdi-ol\CX1e\j\b\i-ee)
a garden plant growing from a corm with reed-like leaves and brightly coloured flowers on a long stem. Latin \Igladius\j\b\i sword
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\HGladstone bag\h
a light travelling case, hinged at the sides, which has two compartments. after \IW. E. Gladstone\j\b\i, 1809-98, a British statesman
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\Hglamour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glamm\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p glamor an alluring charm or fascination. \Bglamorous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bglamorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglamorise\j\b\i, \Bglamorize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make glamorous or attractive.
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\Hglance\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to look briefly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be deflected off an object: 'the bullet \Iglanced\j\b\i off the tree and struck the wall'. \Bglance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgland\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a group of cells which produce a substance necessary for the body to function, such as the salivary glands. See \Jendocrine gland\j\b\i. \Bglandular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glan\j\b\i-dew-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iglandis\j\b\i of an acorn
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\Hglandular fever\h
also called \Bmononucleosis\j\b\i
an infectious, viral disease causing fever and swollen lymph glands.
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\Hglare\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i fair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an angry or fixed look.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bright, intense light. \Bglare\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bglaring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) dazzlingly bright, b) very conspicuous; \Bglaringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hglasnost\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glaz\j\b\i-nost \Pnoun\p the policy of the former \Bussr\j\b\i government to make available more information about its public and bureaucratic affairs.
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\Hglass\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bglass\j\b\i or \Bglasses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a hard, brittle, usually transparent substance with no crystalline form, composed of silicates of various metals, especially sodium and calcium.
\CX12.\j\b\i any object made of glass, such as a container for drinking, a mirror, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) spectacles.
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\Hglass-blowing\h
\Pnoun\p the art of shaping glass by heating it and then blowing into it while it is liquid. \Bglass-blower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglasshouse\h
\Pnoun\p a greenhouse.
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\Hglasspaper\h
\Pnoun\p Compare \Jsandpaper\j\b\i.
a strong paper coated with glass particles, used for smoothing, polishing, etc.
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\Hglass wool\h
glass spun into very fine threads resembling cotton wool, used as insulation, to filter corrosive liquids, etc.
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\Hglassy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glah\j\b\i-see \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or having the texture, appearance, etc. of glass.
\CX12.\j\b\i expressionless: 'a \Iglassy\j\b\i stare'. \Bglassily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglassiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglaucoma\h
\Isay\j\b\i glaw-\CX1ko\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p an increased pressure by the fluid in the eyeball, which may lead to blindness if not treated. Greek \Iglaukos\j\b\i bluish-green + \I-oma\j\b\i a tumour
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\Hglaze\h
\Pnoun\p a) a smooth, glossy surface or coating: 'the \Iglaze\j\b\i on an iced bun'. b) any substance which produces such a surface: 'a pottery \Iglaze\j\b\i'.
\Bglaze\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fit or cover with glass.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cover with glaze. \Bglazier\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glay\j\b\i-zee-a), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who fits windows, etc. with glass.
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\Hgleam\h
\Pnoun\p a) a brief flash of light. b) a subdued glow of light. \Bgleam\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglean\h
\Pverb\p to search out and collect.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'can you \Iglean\j\b\i any sense from his story?' (= discover). \Bgleaner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgleanings\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, small amounts collected with difficulty.
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\Hglee\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i lively joy or amusement.
\CX12.\j\b\i an unaccompanied part-song for three or more voices. \Bgleeful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, merry or joyful; \Bgleefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglen\h
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a small, narrow valley.
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\Hglib\h
\Padjective\p easy and fluent, but often superficial or insincere. \Bglibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglibness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Dutch \Iglibberig\j\b\i slippery
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\Hglide\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move smoothly or effortlessly: 'the ghost \Iglided\j\b\i out of the room'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a bird, aeroplane, etc.) to fly in the air by using air currents or already acquired momentum.
\Bglider\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that glides.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a group of possums with folds of skin between the front and back legs for gliding.
\CX13.\j\b\i an aeroplane without an engine which is kept aloft by the action of air currents. \Bglide\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a gliding movement, as in a dance; \Bglidingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglimmer\h
\Pnoun\p a faint, wavering light: 'a \Iglimmer\j\b\i of moonlight through the trees'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the news brought no \Iglimmer\j\b\i of hope' (= suggestion). \Bglimmer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bglimmeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglimpse\h
\Pnoun\p a fleeting view or look: 'people waited for hours to catch a \Iglimpse\j\b\i of the film star'. \Bglimpse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Middle English \Iglimsen\j\b\i to shine faintly
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\Hglint\h
\Pnoun\p a quick, bright flash of light, especially off a reflecting surface such as metal. \Bglint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglissade\h
\Isay\j\b\i gli-\CX1sad\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i gli-\CX1sayd\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBallet:\j\b\i a controlled sliding movement which ends with the backs of the heels drawn close together and the knees open and slightly bent.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of skiing) a controlled sliding step used when descending an icy or snowy incline.
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\Hglissando\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gliss\j\b\ian-do \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the sound produced by sliding a finger along the piano keyboard or the string of a harp.
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\Hglisten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gliss\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p to shine or sparkle, as a wet or highly polished surface. \Bglisten\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglitch\h
\Pnoun\p a minor error caused by a technical malfunction.
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\Hglitter\h
\Pverb\p to sparkle with reflected light. \Bglitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglitterati\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the class of wealthy, fashionable and often well-known people.
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\Hgloaming\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for twilight.
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\Hgloat\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i boat \Pverb\p to think about or gaze on with pleasure or malicious delight: 'the chess player \Igloated\j\b\i over his opponent's hopeless position'. \Bgloatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgloater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglob\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rounded lump or blob: 'a \Iglob\j\b\i of cream.'
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\Hglobal warming\h
the long-term gradual increase in climatic temperatures caused by the greenhouse effect.
#
\Hglobe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sphere or spherical object.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sphere with a map of the earth on it.
\CX13.\j\b\i an electric light bulb.
\Bthe globe\j\b\i, 'the Bible is translated into all the languages of \Ithe globe\j\b\i' (= the earth).
\Bglobal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a globe.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to the whole world.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i of or relating to an entire file, program or operation, etc. \Bglobally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglobe artichoke\h
See \Jartichoke\j\b\i.
#
\Hglobetrotter\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who travels widely.
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\Hglobule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glob\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p a very small globe, especially a drop of liquid. \Bglobular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) composed of globules, b) globe-shaped.
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\Hglockenspiel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glokk\j\b\ien-shpeel \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a percussion instrument of tuned, metal bars played with small hammers. b) a set of hanging bells played from a keyboard. German \IGlocke\j\b\i bell + \Ispielen\j\b\i to play
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\Hgloom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i darkness, dimness or deep shadow.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of depression or hopelessness. \Bgloomy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgloomily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgloominess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to praise, honour or make glorious. \Bglorified\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made glorious, b) (informal) given more importance than is due; \Bglorification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gl\j\b\iawree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i high praise, honour or renown: 'the \Iglory\j\b\i of winning the big match'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an object of pride: 'a stately home which is one of the \Iglories\j\b\i of colonial architecture'.
\CX13.\j\b\i magnificence, or radiant beauty: 'a painting by an old master showing Christ in all his \Iglory\j\b\i'.
\Bglory\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to rejoice triumphantly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to exult arrogantly or boastfully: 'students \Iglory\j\b\i in their ability to embarrass a teacher'. \Bglorious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having or bringing glory, b) magnificent; \Bgloriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgloriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igloria\j\b\i
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\Hglory box\h
a) a chest in which a single woman stores linen, etc. for use when she is married. b) the contents of such a chest.
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\Hgloss (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a surface shine or lustre.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't be taken in by his \Igloss\j\b\i of respectability' (= deceptive appearance).
\Bgloss\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put a gloss on.
\Bgloss over\j\b\i, 'at the interview he tried to \Igloss over\j\b\i his lack of qualifications' (= cover up, disguise). \Bglossy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bglossy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an expensive magazine printed on glossy paper; \Bglossily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglossiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgloss (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a note, written in the margin or between the lines of a text, explaining a difficult passage. \Bgloss\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to annotate or insert glosses in a text.
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\Hglossary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gloss\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a list of technical terms or dialect words, usually at the end of a book, with explanations or definitions. Greek \Iglossa\j\b\i a tongue, a foreign word
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\Hglottis\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the space between the vocal cords at the top of the larynx. \Bglottal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hglove\h
\Isay\j\b\i gluv \Pnoun\p a fitted covering for the hand, with a separate sheath for each finger.
\Bglove box\j\b\i
also called a \Bglove compartment\j\b\i
a small compartment in the dashboard of a car in which small articles, maps, etc. are kept. \Bglove\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put on or provide with gloves; \Bglover\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or sells gloves.
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\Hglow\h
\Pverb\p to give off light and heat without flame: 'the embers \Iglowed\j\b\i in the hearth'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the cold wind makes your cheeks \Iglow\j\b\i' (= be red and shining).
\Bglowing\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) incandescent. b) intense and brilliant: '\Iglowing\j\b\i colours'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he came home with a \Iglowing\j\b\i report from his teacher' (= enthusiastic). \Bglow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bglowingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglower\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pverb\p to stare sullenly or angrily. \Bglower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgloweringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hglow-worm\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfirefly\j\b\i.
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\Hglucagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gloo\j\b\ika-gon \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a hormone secreted by the pancreas, which increases the amount of sugar in the blood.
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\Hglucose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gloo\j\b\ikoze \Pnoun\p a simple sugar (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I12\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i), found in animals and plants and used as a source of energy in respiration. Greek \Iglykys\j\b\i sweet
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\Hglue\h
\Isay\j\b\i gloo \Pnoun\p an adhesive, especially one made from animal tissue and soluble in water.
\Bglue\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to stick or adhere firmly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they were \Iglued\j\b\i to the television all evening' (= unable to move from). \Bgluey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or covered with glue.
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\Hglum\h
\Padjective\p (\Bglummer\j\b\i, \Bglummest\j\b\i)
downcast or dejected. \Bglumly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bglumness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hglut\h
\Pverb\p (\Bglutted\j\b\i, \Bglutting\j\b\i)
to fill or supply to excess: 'he \Iglutted\j\b\i himself at the dinner party'.
\Bglut\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an excess or full supply: 'a \Iglut\j\b\i of tomatoes brought the price down sharply'.
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\Hgluten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gloo\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p a tough, rubbery substance which remains in flour when the starch is taken out.
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\Hglutinous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gloo\j\b\itin-us \Padjective\p thick, gluey or sticky.
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\Hglutton\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who eats to excess.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person with a great capacity or tendency to take, etc.: 'a \Iglutton\j\b\i for punishment'. \Bgluttonous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgluttonously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgluttony\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the habit or practice of eating to excess.
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\Hglycerol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gliss\j\b\ia-rol \Pnoun\p glycerine also called \Bglycerin\j\b\i
a thick, syrupy liquid alcohol with a sweet taste, obtained from the fat in soap manufacture and used in the manufacture of explosives (nitroglycerine), plastics and antifreeze.
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\Hglycogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1glike\j\b\i-o-jen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a carbohydrate which is stored in plant and animal cells and may be easily converted into glucose.
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\Hgnarled\h
\Isay\j\b\i narld \Padjective\p knotty, twisted and rough: 'a \Ignarled\j\b\i old tree'. \Bgnarl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a knot or knob on a tree trunk; \Bgnarl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make knotty or twisted.
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\Hgnash\h
\Isay\j\b\i nash \Pverb\p to grind the teeth together, especially in pain or rage. \Bgnash\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgnat\h
\Isay\j\b\i nat \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmidge\j\b\i
any of a group of small biting flies related to the mosquito.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the crime \Ignawed\j\b\i his conscience' (= troubled). \Bgnawingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, persistently.
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\Hgneiss\h
\Isay\j\b\i nice \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i metamorphic rock with irregular alternate light and dark bands of quartz, feldspar and mica. German, sparkling
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\Hgnome\h
\Isay\j\b\i nome \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i a small dwarf-like being, believed to live in underground caves in order to guard the precious metals.
\CX12.\j\b\i any replica of this kind. \Bgnomish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgnomic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-mik \Padjective\p pithy and sententious: 'he replied with some such \Ignomic\j\b\i utterance as ''time will tell'' '. Greek \Ignomikos\j\b\i dealing in maxims
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\HGnostic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noss\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a member of any of various pre-Christian or Christian sects which claimed secret knowledge of religious mysteries. \BGnosticism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ignosis\j\b\i knowledge
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\Hgnu\h
\Isay\j\b\i noo \Ior\j\b\i new \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgnus\j\b\i or \Bgnu\j\b\i
also called a \Bwildebeest\j\b\i
a large, South African antelope with a head like an ox.
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\Hgo\h
\Pverb\p (I, you, we, they \Bgo\j\b\i; he, she, it \Bgoes\j\b\i; \Bwent\j\b\i, \Bgone\j\b\i, \Bgoing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move: 'the car is \Igoing\j\b\i too fast'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become: a) 'her aunt \Iwent\j\b\i mad'; b) 'she has \Igone\j\b\i very brown this summer'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the intruders were told to \Igo\j\b\i at once' (= depart).
b) 'he is \Igoing\j\b\i to jump' (= intending).
c) 'on the map this road \Igoes\j\b\i north' (= runs).
d) 'she \Igoes\j\b\i by the latest fashions' (= is guided).
e) 'my watch has stopped \Igoing\j\b\i' (= working).
f) 'the bell has \Igone\j\b\i' (= been rung).
g) 'the story \Igoes\j\b\i that she has a rich uncle' (= relates).
h) 'he \Igoes\j\b\i by the name of Standish' (= is known).
i) 'as small flats \Igo\j\b\i, it's very comfortable' (= are usually).
j) 'how did everything \Igo\j\b\i' (= turn out).
k) 'these dishes \Igo\j\b\i in the bottom cupboard' (= belong).
l) 'in the flood the fence \Iwent\j\b\i in three places' (= gave way).
m) 'all their children \Igo\j\b\i to university' (= attend).
n) 'your skirt does not \Igo\j\b\i with your shoes' (= harmonise).
o) 'let's \Igo\j\b\i halves in the cake' (= share).
p) 'all the facts \Igo\j\b\i to show she is innocent' (= serve).
q) 'what I say \Igoes\j\b\i' (= has final authority).
r) '8 \Igoes\j\b\i into 24 three times' (= divides).
s) 'a cow \Igoes\j\b\i "moo"' (= makes the sound or utterance).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo along\j\b\i, 'he refused to \Igo along\j\b\i with my advice' (= agree).
\Bgo back on\j\b\i, 'you can't \Igo back on\j\b\i your promise' (= break, fail to keep).
\Bgo down\j\b\i, a) 'the team \Iwent down\j\b\i in the finals' (= was beaten); b) 'the battle \Iwent down\j\b\i in history' (= was remembered); c) 'she has \Igone down\j\b\i with tonsillitis' (= has fallen ill); d) 'that explanation will never \Igo down\j\b\i' (= be believed).
\Bgo for\j\b\i, 'he \Igoes for\j\b\i girls with dark hair' (= likes, is attracted to).
\Bgo in for\j\b\i, 'do you \Igo in for\j\b\i old movies?' (= have a keen interest in).
\Bgo off\j\b\i, a) 'the fireworks \Iwent off\j\b\i suddenly' (= exploded); b) 'the milk has \Igone off\j\b\i' (= turned sour); c) 'I've \Igone off\j\b\i coffee lately' (= stopped liking).
\Bgo off at\j\b\i, to scold or become angry with.
\Bgo on\j\b\i, 'he \Iwent on\j\b\i about his inconsiderate children' (= talked continually).
\Bgo out\j\b\i, 'the union \Iwent out\j\b\i for two weeks' (= went on strike).
\Bgo over\j\b\i, a) 'we \Iwent over\j\b\i the fine print in the contract' (= checked thoroughly); b) 'her speech \Iwent over\j\b\i very well' (= was received).
\Bgo steady\j\b\i, See \Jsteady\j\b\i.
\Bgo through\j\b\i, a) 'he will \Igo through\j\b\i any trials for his beliefs' (= endure); b) 'he \Igoes through\j\b\i money as if it was nothing' (= uses up, consumes).
\Bgo through with\j\b\i, 'he failed to \Igo through with\j\b\i it' (= complete, finish).
\Blet oneself go\j\b\i, 'the rock music made everyone \Ilet themselves go\j\b\i' (= become uninhibited).
\Bgo\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
plural is \Bgoes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i energy or vitality: 'as an organiser he is full of \Igo\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a try or attempt: 'she wants to have a \Igo\j\b\i at learning German'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a turn in a game or series: 'it's your \Igo\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a success: 'let's see if we can make a \Igo\j\b\i of it'.
\CX15.\j\b\i approval: 'the pilot was given the \Igo\j\b\i for take-off'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba fair go\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fair or equal chance at something.
\Bfrom the word go\j\b\i, from the beginning.
\Bon the go\j\b\i, 'he's tired because he's always \Ion the go\j\b\i' (= very busy, active). \Bgoer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgoad\h
\Pnoun\p a pointed stick used to drive cattle, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his insults were a \Igoad\j\b\i to me' (= stimulus).
\Bgoad\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to prod or drive with a goad.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his constant complaints about money \Igoaded\j\b\i me to a fury' (= drove).
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\Hgoal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an aim or purpose towards which effort is directed: a) 'the \Igoal\j\b\i of the campaign was to capture votes'; b) 'my \Igoal\j\b\i is to enjoy life and contribute to the well-being of others'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a) any of various structures or areas in field games through or over which a ball must be directed for a player to score. b) the score itself.
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\Hgoalkeeper\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i a player whose task is to stop the ball from entering the goal area. \Bgoalie\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a goalkeeper.
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\Hgoanna\h
\Isay\j\b\i go-\CX1ann\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any of a group of Australian monitor lizards, with a long neck, loosely folded skin and a whip-like tail, growing up to about 2.5 m long.
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\Hgoat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of wild or domesticated mammals with horns, shaggy hair and a beard, which eat shrubs, etc. and are valued for their meat and milk.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jcapricorn\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a man who is lecherous.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fool.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bact the goat\j\b\i, to play around in a silly way.
\Bget one's goat\j\b\i, \Bget on one's goat\j\b\i, to annoy or irritate. \Bgoatherd\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who looks after goats.
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\Hgoatee\h
\Isay\j\b\i go-\CX1tee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small beard trimmed to a point below the chin, like a goat's beard.
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\Hgob (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a lump or mass. Old French \Igobe\j\b\i a mouthful
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\Hgob (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the mouth.
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\Hgobble (1)\h
\Pverb\p to eat and swallow rapidly.
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\Hgobble (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make the throaty sound of a turkey.
\Bgobbler\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a male turkey.
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\Hgobbledegook\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gobb\j\b\i'l-dee-gook \Pnoun\p confusing, pompous and roundabout language.
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\Hgo-between\h
\Pnoun\p a person who carries messages, proposals, etc. between two persons or parties.
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\Hgoblet\h
\Pnoun\p a large-bowled drinking vessel with a stem and a base but no handles.
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\Hgoblin\h
\Pnoun\p a mischievous, ugly elf.
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\Hgo-cart\h
\Pnoun\p a low, flat vehicle with wheels, usually with a motor, for children or enthusiasts to ride. Compare \Jbilly-cart\j\b\i.
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\Hgod\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IJewish, Christian, Moslem:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the one Supreme Being, Creator and Ruler of the universe.
\CX12.\j\b\i a worshipped being who is thought to have power over human affairs: 'in Greek mythology Eros is the \Igod\j\b\i of love'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the image of a god or an idol.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person viewed as or worshipped like a god.
\Bthe gods\j\b\i, the highest gallery seats in a theatre. \Bgoddess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of god, b) a beautiful woman; \Bgodless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not believing in God, b) evil or wicked; \Bgodly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, pious; \Bgodliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgodchild\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a child for whom an adult takes spiritual responsibility at baptism. \Bgodparent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who takes spiritual responsibility for a child at its baptism.
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\Hgodhead\h
\Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a god or the actual nature of a god.
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\Hgodsend\h
\Pnoun\p an unexpected piece of good fortune.
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\Hgodspeed\h
interjection have a safe and successful journey!
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\Hgoer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1go\j\b\i-er \Pnoun\p See \Jgo\j\b\i.
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\Hgoes\h
\Pverb\p the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bgo\j\b\i.
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\Hgo-getter\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a forceful and energetic person who is successful in achieving what he or she desires.
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\Hgoggle\h
\Pverb\p to stare with widely opened eyes: 'she \Igoggled\j\b\i at the sight'.
\Bgoggle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) spectacles, especially those with special protective rims, as worn by skin-divers, etc.
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\Hgoing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1go\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p the condition of something: 'that track through the bush is rough \Igoing\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgoing-over\j\b\i, a) 'the mechanic gave the car a thorough \Igoing-over\j\b\i' (= examination); b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the informer got a \Igoing-over\j\b\i from the gangsters' (= beating).
\Bgoings-on\j\b\i, actions or events, especially ones disapproved of.
\Bgoing\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
moving or working: 'the car is in \Igoing\j\b\i condition'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the business was a \Igoing\j\b\i concern' (= flourishing, prosperous).
b) 'I bought it for less than the \Igoing\j\b\i price' (= current).
\Bgoing\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Bgo\j\b\i.
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\Hgoitre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goy\j\b\i-ter \Pnoun\p an enlarged thyroid gland, usually due to insufficient iodine in the diet and causing swelling of the neck. Latin \Iguttur\j\b\i the throat
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\Hgold\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 79, a ductile, malleable metal, used in alloys with copper and silver to make coins and jewellery. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lustrous, yellowish-ochre colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i money or wealth.
\CX14.\j\b\i something which is very precious or rare: 'she has a heart of \Igold\j\b\i'.
\Bgolden\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i gold in colour or lustre: '\Igolden\j\b\i hair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i made of gold: 'a \Igolden\j\b\i chalice'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the advertisement says the offer is a \Igolden\j\b\i opportunity' (= ideal, excellent). \Bgold\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgold-digger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who digs or prospects for gold.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who has an ambitious greed to acquire money or profit.
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\Hgolden rule\h
any basic or important rule.
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\Hgolden syrup\h
a thick, sweet liquid made from sugar cane.
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\Hgolden wedding\h
the fiftieth anniversary of a wedding.
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\Hgoldfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of several small varieties of carp, usually golden in colour.
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\Hgold reserve\h
the gold held by a central authority to maintain the value of paper money.
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\Hgold rush\h
a mass movement of people to an area where gold has been discovered.
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\Hgoldsmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes articles of gold.
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\Hgold standard\h
a monetary system in which the currency unit is based on gold of a fixed weight.
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\Hgolf\h
\Pnoun\p an outdoor game in which a player attempts to hit a small ball into a series of holes with special clubs, using as few strokes as possible. \Bgolf\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgolfer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgolf links\h
also called a \Bgolf course\j\b\i
the ground or course over which golf is played.
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\Hgolliwog\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgollywog\j\b\i
a soft, floppy doll with a black face.
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\Hgoloshes\h
\Isay\j\b\i ga-\CX1losh\j\b\ies plural \Pnoun\p See \Jgaloshes\j\b\i.
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\Hgonad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1go\j\b\i-nad \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a sex gland, such as the testis in the male or the ovary in the female. Greek \IgonΘ\j\b\i seed
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\Hgondola\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gon\j\b\ida-la \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow boat, with high pointed ends, which is propelled from the stern with an oar, used on canals in Venice.
\CX12.\j\b\i the passenger compartment hanging from an airship or balloon. \Bgondolier\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gonda-\CX1leer\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who propels a gondola with an oar. Italian
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\Hgone\h
\Isay\j\b\i gon \Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bgo\j\b\i.
\Bgone bush\j\b\i, gone into hiding.
\Bgone\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\Bfar gone\j\b\i, dying or almost exhausted. \Bgoner\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gon\j\b\i-er), \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a person or thing that is dead, ruined or past help.
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\Hgong\h
\Pnoun\p a bronze disc which is sounded with a hammer, used to summon people to a meal, etc. Malay
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\Hgonorrhoea\h
\Isay\j\b\i gonna-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p gonorrhea a venereal disease causing a thick, creamy discharge from the sexual organs and pain on passing urine. Greek \Igonos\j\b\i semen + \Irhoia\j\b\i a flow
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\Hgoo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thick sticky substance. \Bgooey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgood\h
\Padjective\p (\Bbetter\j\b\i, \Bbest\j\b\i)
favourable or desirable: 'the sunny morning seemed a \Igood\j\b\i omen for the trip'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is a \Igood\j\b\i man' (= upright, responsible).
b) 'the bank says my credit rating is \Igood\j\b\i' (= reliable).
c) 'my nephew is a \Igood\j\b\i little boy' (= well-behaved).
d) 'it will take a \Igood\j\b\i week's work' (= full).
e) 'she is a \Igood\j\b\i teacher' (= competent).
f) 'he loves \Igood\j\b\i food' (= of a high standard).
g) 'I don't fell so \Igood\j\b\i' (= healthy).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas good as\j\b\i, 'it's \Ias good as\j\b\i done' (= virtually, in effect).
\Bgood for\j\b\i, a) 'the tyres are \Igood for\j\b\i another 5000 km' (= able to last); b) 'the ticket is only \Igood for\j\b\i tonight' (= valid).
\Bmake good\j\b\i, a) 'since she went into films she has \Imade good\j\b\i' (= been prosperous, succeeded); b) 'the court ordered that he \Imake good\j\b\i his debts' (= pay).
\Bgood\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is good, beneficial, profitable, etc.: a) 'that attitude will do more harm than \Igood\j\b\i'; b) 'you should have a holiday for your own \Igood\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) personal property or possessions, etc.: '\Igoods\j\b\i and chattels'. b) articles of trade, especially those which are transportable: 'imported \Igoods\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it's no \Igood\j\b\i complaining' (= use).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the electorate has every right to demand that a government deliver the \Igoods\j\b\i' (= what was promised).
\Bfor good\j\b\i, \Bfor good and all\j\b\i, 'I heard that she'd given up teaching \Ifor good\j\b\i' (= permanently, for ever). \Bgoodness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgood!\j\b\i, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, an expression of satisfaction or approval; \Bgoodly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) handsome or fine, b) of considerable size or amount. See \Jwell (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hgoodbye\h
\Isay\j\b\i g'd-\CX1bie\j\b\i interjection an expression used when parting. \Bgoodbye\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. short form of \IGod be with ye\j\b\i
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\Hgood faith\h
a) honesty or sincerity: 'I am telling you this in \Igood faith\j\b\i'. b) the expecting of these qualities in others: 'I am accepting your application in \Igood faith\j\b\i'.
\IChristian:\j\b\i the Friday before Easter, a holiday in memory of the crucifixion of Christ.
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\Hgoodness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgood\j\b\i.
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\Hgood-oh\h
interjection (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exclamation of approval or satisfaction.
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\Hgoodwill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a friendly disposition or cheerful acquiescence: 'he consented to the change in plans with \Igoodwill\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the good reputation and friendly relations with customers of a well-established business: 'the \Igoodwill\j\b\i will be sold with the business'.
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\Hgoody\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any nice things, especially food.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who is primly or pretentiously virtuous. Also called a \Bgoody-goody\j\b\i.
\Bgoody\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
an exclamation of delight.
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\Hgooey\h
\Padjective\p See \Jgoo\j\b\i.
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\Hgoof\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any foolish or stupid person.
\Bgoof\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to blunder or bungle.
\Bgoof off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to try to avoid work. \Bgoofy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgoofily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgoofiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgoogly\h
\Pnoun\p \ICricket:\j\b\i a ball spun with a wrist action which turns it in the opposite direction to that expected by the batsman.
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\Hgoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) any stupid or awkward person. b) a comic.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a hired thug. after the hairy monster on a desert island where Popeye the Sailor was stranded
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\Hgoose\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgeese\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of various wild or domesticated web-footed birds, larger than ducks, and kept on farms to be fattened for eating.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a silly or foolish person.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcook one's goose\j\b\i, to spoil or ruin one's chances, plans, etc.
\Bwild goose chase\j\b\i, any pointless pursuit.
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\Hgooseberry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1g\Iu\j\b\iz\j\b\i-berry \Pnoun\p a round, green, acid, edible berry, growing on a prickly bush.
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\Hgoose pimples\h
also called \Bgoosebumps\j\b\i, \Bgooseflesh\j\b\i
a rough, bumpy skin due to cold or fear, when the muscle fibres at the base of a hair contract.
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\Hgoosestep\h
\Pnoun\p a way of marching without bending the knees, kicking each leg forward stiffly and sharply.
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\Hgopher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1go\j\b\i-fer \Pnoun\p any of various North American burrowing animals, including ground squirrels, rodents and a land tortoise.
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\HGordian knot\h
\Bcut the Gordian knot\j\b\i, to solve a difficulty in an unorthodox or forceful way. after an intricate knot tied by \IGordius\j\b\i and severed by Alexander the Great with his sword after fruitless attempts to undo it
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\Hgore (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any clotted blood especially from a cut or wound.
\Bgory\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i bloody.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unpleasant: 'let's not go into all the \Igory\j\b\i details'.
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\Hgore (2)\h
\Pverb\p to wound or pierce, as with a horn: 'the matador was \Igored\j\b\i to death by the bull'.
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\Hgorge\h
\Isay\j\b\i gorj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow, steep-sided river valley.
\CX12.\j\b\i the contents of the stomach.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Igorge\j\b\i rose at the sight of the accident' (= feeling of disgust or repulsion). \Bgorge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to stuff with food or eat greedily; \Bgorger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgorgeous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gor\j\b\ijus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i splendid in appearance or colouring.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very good or enjoyable: 'I had a \Igorgeous\j\b\i time in the country last weekend'. \Bgorgeously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgorgeousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgorgon\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a terrifying or ugly woman. after the \IGorgons\j\b\i, three sisters in Greek mythology who had snakes instead of hair, and who turned those who looked at them to stone
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\Hgorilla\h
\Pnoun\p a very large ape found in the tropical forests of Africa.
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\Hgormand\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgourmand\j\b\i.
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\Hgormandise\h
\Pverb\p gormandize to eat too much. \Bgormandiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgormless\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) stupid or senseless: 'you \Igormless\j\b\i man'.
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\Hgorse\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bfurze\j\b\i
a wild, prickly, evergreen European shrub with yellow flowers, which grows as a weed in Australia and New Zealand.
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\Hgory\h
\Padjective\p See \Jgore (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hgoshawk\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goss\j\b\i-hawk \Pnoun\p a powerful, short-winged hawk, sometimes trained for hunting.
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\Hgosling\h
\Pnoun\p a young goose.
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\Hgo-slow\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwork-to-rule\j\b\i
the deliberate slowing down of work or production by workers, as a threat or protest to employers.
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\Hgospel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) a) the first four books of the New Testament considered as a unit. b) any one of these books. c) a portion of one of these books.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he preaches the \Igospel\j\b\i of hard work' (= doctrine).
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is accepted as unquestionably true: 'you can take what he says as \Igospel\j\b\i'. Old English \Igod\j\b\i good + \Ispell\j\b\i news
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\Hgossamer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goss\j\b\iama \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thread or web of the fine, silky substance made by spiders.
\CX12.\j\b\i an extremely delicate variety of gauze. \Bgossamer\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, light and fine as gossamer.
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\Hgossip\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i idle talk, especially about the affairs of others.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who talks idly or lets out secrets. \Bgossip\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgossipy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgot\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bget\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave got\j\b\i, 'I \Ihave got\j\b\i a cold' (= have).
\Bhave got to\j\b\i, 'I \Ihave got to\j\b\i be home by lunchtime' (= am obliged to).
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\HGothic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to the style of art and architecture of medieval Europe, in which pointed arches, etc. expressed a strong sense of upward movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of literature, etc.) concerned with horror or grotesque mystery.
\BGothic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a thick, heavy style of lettering, much used in old manuscripts. Also called \BOld English\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i Gothic architecture or art: 'today we will study English \IGothic\j\b\i'.
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\Hgotten\h
\Pverb\p the old past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bget\j\b\i.
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\Hgouache\h
\Isay\j\b\i goo-\CX1ahsh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) an opaque watercolour paint thickened with gum and honey. b) a painting in which it is used. Italian \Iguazzo\j\b\i puddle
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\Hgouge\h
\Isay\j\b\i gowj \Pnoun\p a chisel with a curved blade for cutting grooves.
\Bgouge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to scoop out with or as if with a gouge: 'they \Igouged\j\b\i his eyes out with their thumbs'.
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\Hgourd\h
\Isay\j\b\i goord \Pnoun\p a) a climbing plant which produces large, hard-skinned, fleshy fruit. b) a dried shell of such fruit, used as a bowl, cup, etc.
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\Hgourmand\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goor\j\b\imand \Pnoun\p gormand also spelt \Bgormand\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a greedy eater.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is too fond of good food. Middle English from Old French
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\Hgourmet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goor\j\b\imay \Pnoun\p a person who displays a fine knowledge and discrimination in relation to food and drink. French, wine-taster
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\Hgout\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a disease due to an excess of certain proteins in the blood, causing painful inflammation of the joints, especially in the feet or hands.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drop or clot, especially of blood: 'the murder weapon was covered with \Igouts\j\b\i of blood'. \Bgouty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgovern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1guvv\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rule with authority: 'to \Igovern\j\b\i a country'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must learn to \Igovern\j\b\i your temper' (= keep in check).
b) 'be \Igoverned\j\b\i in this matter by the opinion of others' (= influenced, directed).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i to require a \Pnoun\p or \Ppronoun\p to be in a particular case, or a \Pverb\p to be in a certain mood. \IExample:\j\b\i in the sentence \Iwe left them\j\b\i, the \Pverb\p left governs the objective case of the \Ppronoun\p, so \Ithem\j\b\i is used instead of \Ithey\j\b\i. \Bgovernance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igubernare\j\b\i to steer
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\Hgoverness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1guvv\j\b\ia-ness \Pnoun\p a female teacher employed in a private household.
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\Hgovernment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1guvv\j\b\i'n-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the control or organisation of a country and its people. b) the group of officials elected or appointed to govern a country.
\CX12.\j\b\i any control or direction: 'the \Igovernment\j\b\i of their conduct was placed in his hands'. \Bgovernmental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i guvv'n-\CX1ment\j\b\ial), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgovernmentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgovernor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1guvv\j\b\ierna \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person who governs or controls, such as the official in charge of a country, state, prison, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the representative of a monarch in a dependent territory.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a form of respectful address: 'excuse me, \Igovernor\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i anything which controls or regulates, such as a device which limits engine speeds. \Bgovernorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgovernor-general\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgovernor-generals\j\b\i or \Bgovernors-general\j\b\i
\IPolitics:\j\b\i an appointed official representing a country's leader in a distant territory.
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\Hgown\h
\Pnoun\p a) a dress, especially a long or formal one. b) a long, loose cloak with wide sleeves, worn as a sign of rank in some professions: 'an academic \Igown\j\b\i'. Also called a \Brobe\j\b\i.
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\Hgrab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgrabbed\j\b\i, \Bgrabbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to seize, especially roughly or hastily: 'the child \Igrabbed\j\b\i a handful of chocolates'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to affect: 'how does the good news \Igrab\j\b\i you?'. \Bgrab\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgraben\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grah\j\b\iben \Pnoun\p See \Jrift valley\j\b\i. German, a ditch
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\Hgrace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an elegance or beauty of form, movement, expression, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'at least he had the \Igrace\j\b\i to apologise' (= good manners).
\CX12.\j\b\i any favour or mercy: 'the traitor begged the Queen to show \Igrace\j\b\i towards him and spare his life'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short prayer said before or after a meal.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address, as in 'your Grace', used to a duke, duchess or archbishop.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bput on airs and graces\j\b\i, to behave in an affected way intended to impress other people.
\Bwith bad grace\j\b\i, grudgingly.
\Bwith good grace\j\b\i, willingly.
\Bgrace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to adorn or confer honour upon: 'I \Igraced\j\b\i the occasion with my presence'. \Bgraceful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgracefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgracefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgraceless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hgracious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gray\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p kind or courteous: 'she greeted us with a \Igracious\j\b\i smile'.
\Bgracious\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
an exclamation of surprise. \Bgraciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgraciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgradation\h
\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the state or process of change taking place by degrees or stages: 'the almost imperceptible \Igradation\j\b\i of colours in a rainbow'. \Bgradate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1date\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgrade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a step or stage in rank, quality, value or skill: 'this job calls for a high \Igrade\j\b\i of intelligence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people of the same level of skill.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'all \Igrades\j\b\i of railway employees will receive the rise' (= classes).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a) a class, especially in a primary school. b) (in America) a student's mark for an examination.
\CX14.\j\b\i See \Jgradient\j\b\i.
\Bmake the grade\j\b\i, to achieve a desired standard.
\Bgrade\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to arrange in grades or classes: 'eggs are \Igraded\j\b\i by size'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give a gradient to.
\CX13.\j\b\i to level off an unsurfaced road, etc. with a grader. Latin \Igradus\j\b\i a step
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\Hgrader\h
\Pnoun\p a motor vehicle with a vertical blade set between the front and back wheels for levelling earth, making roads, etc.
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\Hgrade school\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a primary school.
#
\Hgradient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gray\j\b\idi-ent \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the steepness of a slope expressed as height risen per unit of horizontal distance covered. \IExample\j\b\i: a road which rises 100 m while covering 1000 m on the map has a gradient of 1 in 10. Also called a \Bgrade\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the slope of the tangent to a curve at a particular point.
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\Hgradual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grad\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p taking place by degrees: 'over the years there has been a \Igradual\j\b\i change in moral attitudes'. \Bgradually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgradualness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgraduate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grad\j\b\i-yoo-it \Pnoun\p a person who has received a diploma or degree, at the end of a course of study, from a college or university.
\CX11.\j\b\i to receive an academic degree: 'she \Igraduated\j\b\i in law'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark with degrees for measuring: 'a ruler \Igraduated\j\b\i in centimetres'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to change gradually. \Bgraduation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgraffiti\h
\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1fee\j\b\iti plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bgraffito\j\b\i
any drawings or inscriptions on a wall, etc., often obscene. Italian \Igraffio\j\b\i a scratch
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\Hgraft (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i grarft \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any shoot or bud united with a living plant to form a new growth.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the replacing of diseased or damaged tissue with tissue from another part of the body, or by artificial material. b) the tissue used in this replacement. \Bgraft\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgrafter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgraft (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i grarft \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the unscrupulous use of one's position to gain profit or advantage. b) anything gained by such means.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) hard work. \Bgraft\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to work hard; \Bgrafter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a hard worker, a toiler. b) a person who makes unscrupulous use of his or her position to gain advantage.
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\Hgrain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any or all cereal plants: 'the farmer had 40 hectares under \Igrain\j\b\i'. b) the seeds of these plants: 'the silo was full of \Igrain\j\b\i'. c) a single seed of these plants: 'a \Igrain\j\b\i of wheat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any small, hard particle: 'a \Igrain\j\b\i of sand'. b) the smallest amount of something: 'he hasn't a \Igrain\j\b\i of sense in his head'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a unit of mass equal to about 63.8 mg.
\CX14.\j\b\i the lines made by fibres in wood, fabric, etc., or by strata in a mineral substance.
\CX15.\j\b\i texture: 'the rock had a coarse \Igrain\j\b\i'.
\Bgo against the grain\j\b\i, to be contrary to one's natural inclinations. \Bgrainy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, like or composed of grains, b) having a marked grain.
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\Hgram\h
\Pnoun\p a metric unit of mass equal to 1 {\f23\'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 -3\j\b\i kg.
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\Hgraminivorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i grammi-\CX1nivv\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p of or relating to an organism which eats grass. Compare \Jcarnivorous\j\b\i. Latin \Igraminis\j\b\i of grass + \Ivorare\j\b\i to devour
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\Hgrammar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gramm\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p the science or study of words and their relationships in a language.
\CX12.\j\b\i following the rules of grammar: 'she speaks \Igrammatical\j\b\i English'. \Bgrammatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrammarian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1mair\j\b\iiun), \Inoun\j\b\i, an expert in grammar. Greek
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\Hgrammar checker\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a software program, usually within a word processing application, which checks such grammatical elements as sentence structure and alerts the user to mistakes. Compare \Jspell checker\j\b\i.
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\Hgrammar school\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a private school.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a secondary school, usually with selective entry.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a school intermediate between a primary school and a high school.
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\Hgramme\h
\Isay\j\b\i gram \Pnoun\p \IAmerican, British:\j\b\i a gram.
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\Hgramophone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gramm\j\b\ia-fone \Pnoun\p a record-player.
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\Hgrampus\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, dolphin-like marine mammal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a blustering, snorting person.
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\Hgranary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grann\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a building for storing grain.
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\Hgrand\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i magnificent or splendid: 'the spring flowers made a \Igrand\j\b\i display'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has the \Igrand\j\b\i manner of a queen' (= stately, dignified).
\CX12.\j\b\i being the main or most important: a) 'the \Igrand\j\b\i staircase'; b) 'the \IGrand\j\b\i Canal in Venice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i complete: 'the \Igrand\j\b\i total'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) excellent or first-rate: 'we had a \Igrand\j\b\i time at the zoo'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of family relationships) being one generation removed from the relationship named: 'a \Igrandmother\j\b\i'.
\Bgrand\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) one thousand dollars. \Bgrandly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrandness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igrandis\j\b\i full-grown
#
\Hgrandchild\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bgrandchildren\j\b\i
a child of one's son or daughter. \Bgranddaughter\j\b\i, \Bgrandson\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrandee\h
\Pnoun\p a Spanish nobleman.
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\Hgrandeur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gran\j\b\i-dewer \Pnoun\p greatness or magnificence: 'the \Igrandeur\j\b\i of the alps'. French
#
\Hgrandfather\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgrandparent\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrandfather clock\h
a large clock regulated by a pendulum, in a tall wooden case that stands on the ground.
#
\Hgrandiloquence\h
\Isay\j\b\i gran-\CX1dill\j\b\ia-kw'nce \Pnoun\p any pompous or bombastic eloquence. \Bgrandiloquent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgrandiloquently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgrandiose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gran\j\b\idi-oze \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i on a large or impressive scale: 'a \Igrandiose\j\b\i old mansion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being too grand or pompous: 'a \Igrandiose\j\b\i idea of his own importance'.
#
\Hgrand jury\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a jury called to decide whether there is sufficient evidence for an indictment.
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\Hgrandly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jgrand\j\b\i.
#
\HGrand Master\h
a highly expert player and winner of international competitions in games such as chess or bridge.
#
\Hgrand opera\h
any opera, usually serious, in which all parts are sung and there is no spoken dialogue.
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\Hgrandparent\h
\Pnoun\p a parent of one's parent, each person having four grandparents, one's mother's parents and one's father's parents. \Bgrandmother\j\b\i, \Bgrandfather\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrand piano\h
See \Jpiano (1)\j\b\i.
#
\HGrand Prix\h
\Isay\j\b\i gron \CX1pree\j\b\i any of various major races for motor vehicles. French \Igrand\j\b\i big + \Iprix\j\b\i prize
#
\Hgrand slam\h
See \Jslam (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hgrandson\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgrandchild\j\b\i.
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\Hgrandstand\h
\Pnoun\p a raised, often sloping, structure with seats for watching sporting events, etc.
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\Hgrange\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a country house with its various farm buildings.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a building on a feudal estate, for storing crops, etc.
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\Hgranite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grann\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard, coarse-grained, igneous rock, composed of quartz, feldspar and mica, and used as a building material. Italian \Igranito\j\b\i grained
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\Hgranny\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a grandmother.
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\Hgranny knot\h
a knot similar to a reef knot, but capable of slipping.
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\Hgranny smith\h
an all-purpose apple with a bright green skin.
#
\Hgrant\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give as a favour, privilege or in response to a request: 'the Queen \Igranted\j\b\i him his wish'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to admit or acknowledge: 'I \Igrant\j\b\i that point'.
\Btake for granted\j\b\i, a) 'I \Itake\j\b\i it \Ifor granted\j\b\i you'll be home on time' (= assume); b) 'he \Itakes\j\b\i his assistant's work \Ifor granted\j\b\i' (= accepts without appreciating).
\Bgrant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is granted, especially money or land: 'she went through school on a government \Igrant\j\b\i'.
#
\Hgranulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gran\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to form into granules or grains.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make rough on the surface.
\CX13.\j\b\i to form the new tissue characteristic of healing wounds, ulcers, etc. \Bgranulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a machine for forming substances into granules; \Bgranulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgranule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gran\j\b\i-yew'l \Pnoun\p any small grain. \Bgranular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrape\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, round green or purple fruit, growing in clusters on vines. They may be eaten fresh, dried (as currants or raisins), or made into wine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark, purplish-red colour. \Bgrape\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrapefruit\h
\Pnoun\p a large, round, yellow citrus fruit with a thick skin and juicy, sour flesh.
#
\Hgrapeshot\h
\Pnoun\p a cluster of small iron balls, formerly used as ammunition in cannons.
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\Hgrapevine\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any vine which bears grapes.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any means by which rumours or secrets are passed on, e.g. by word of mouth.
#
\Hgraph\h
\Isay\j\b\i graf \Ior\j\b\i grarf \Pnoun\p a diagram produced by plotting, often on paper marked into squares, the relationship between two variables along a horizontal and vertical line (axis).
#
\Hgraphic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1graff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to writing, drawing or painting.
\CX12.\j\b\i vivid or life-like: 'a \Igraphic\j\b\i account of the play'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or using lines, diagrams or graphs: 'tabulate your results in \Igraphic\j\b\i form'.
\Bgraphics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the art of drawing, especially of making geometrical drawings as aids to calculating quantities, stresses, etc., particularly in engineering and architecture.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the pictorial images such as drawings, maps and diagrams shown on a screen. \Bgraphically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hgraphical user interface\h
short form is \BGUI\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goo\j\b\i-ee)
an interface that presents the user with icons that can be clicked on to choose commands or select files, programs, etc.
#
\Hgraphite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1graf\j\b\i-ite \Pnoun\p a soft, black, greasy-feeling form of carbon, used in pencils and as a lubricant. See \Jallotropy\j\b\i.
#
\Hgraphology\h
\Isay\j\b\i gra\CX1foll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of handwriting, usually to analyse the writer's personality, etc.
#
\Hgraph paper\h
a piece of paper printed with small, regular squares, used for drawing graphs and diagrams.
#
\Hgrapple\h
\Pverb\p a) to seize or hold firmly: 'he \Igrappled\j\b\i his opponent to his chest'. b) to struggle or wrestle: 'she \Igrappled\j\b\i with the problem'. \Bgrapple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which grapples, such as a grappling iron.
#
\Hgrappling iron\h
also called a \Bgrapnel\j\b\i
any of various implements for hooking, grasping or holding, especially a small anchor with several hooks at the end.
#
\Hgrasp\h
\Pverb\p to seize firmly, especially with the hands or arms: 'she \Igrasped\j\b\i the shovel by its handle'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he tried hard to \Igrasp\j\b\i the argument' (= understand).
\Bgrasp at\j\b\i, a) 'she \Igrasped at\j\b\i the rope as it swung near' (= tried to seize); b) 'he \Igrasped at\j\b\i the opportunity' (= eagerly accepted).
\Bgrasp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a firm hold or grip.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a thorough \Igrasp\j\b\i of the problem' (= understanding).
#
\Hgrass\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a large group of plants, including cereals, with narrow leaves, jointed stems and spikes or clusters of inconspicuous flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the plants eaten by cattle, sheep, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any ground, especially lawn or pasture, covered with such plants.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) marijuana.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who gives information to the police about a crime.
\Bput out to grass\j\b\i, to be retired from active service.
\Bgrass\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover or feed with grass. \Bgrassy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrasshopper\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of herbivorous insects, including locusts, with hind legs adapted for jumping.
#
\Hgrassland\h
\Pnoun\p an area where only grass grows, usually because of low rainfall.
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\Hgrassroots\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) emerging spontaneously from the people: 'there was a great deal of \Igrassroots\j\b\i opposition to the government's proposals'.
\Bgrassroots\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the basics or essentials: 'let's get down to the \Igrassroots\j\b\i of this problem from the outset'.
#
\Hgrasstree\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jblackboy\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrass widow\h
a woman whose husband is away temporarily, e.g. on a business trip. \Bgrass widower\j\b\i, the masculine form of grass widow.
#
\Hgrate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgrating\j\b\i
any of various metal frameworks of crossed or parallel bars, used to cover drains, airvents, etc., or to hold fuel in a fireplace.
#
\Hgrate (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to shred or to reduce to small particles, usually by rubbing against a rough surface: '\Igrate\j\b\i the cheese into the pan'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or cause to make a harsh rasping sound: 'the knife \Igrated\j\b\i on the stone'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his bad manners \Igrated\j\b\i on the company' (= had an irritating effect). \Bgratingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrateful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeling or expressing thanks: 'I'm \Igrateful\j\b\i for the help you gave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i welcome or acceptable: 'a \Igrateful\j\b\i breeze cooled their brows'. \Bgratefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgratefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrater\h
\Pnoun\p a kitchen utensil for shredding vegetables, cheese, etc.
#
\Hgraticule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gratt\j\b\ii-kewl \Pnoun\p a scale or grid of fine lines, used in the eyepiece of a telescope or microscope for accurate sighting, or on a map to show latitude and longitude, etc.
to give pleasure to or satisfy: a) 'I was \Igratified\j\b\i by his kindness'; b) 'to \Igratify\j\b\i desires or appetites'. \Bgratifyingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgratification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrating\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgrate (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hgratis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grah\j\b\itis \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p for nothing; free. Latin, out of kindness
#
\Hgratitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gratt\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p the state of being grateful: 'to express one's \Igratitude\j\b\i with flowers'.
#
\Hgratuitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1tew\j\b\ii-tus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free: 'a \Igratuitous\j\b\i health service'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unnecessary: 'the film was full of \Igratuitous\j\b\i violence'. \Bgratuitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgratuitousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igratuitus\j\b\i done as a favour
#
\Hgratuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i gra-\CX1tew\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p something given freely, especially a gift of money, such as a tip or a payment to an employee on retirement.
#
\Hgrave (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the burial place of a corpse, especially a hole dug in the ground.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave one foot in the grave\j\b\i, to be infirm, old or near to death.
\Bturn in one's grave\j\b\i, 'this dance would make grandpa \Iturn in his grave\j\b\i' (= be shocked or horrified).
#
\Hgrave (2)\h
\Padjective\p serious or requiring careful consideration: a) 'a \Igrave\j\b\i situation has developed in the Middle East'; b) 'a \Igrave\j\b\i illness'.
\Bgrave\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i grarv) \Inoun\j\b\i
\ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i. \Bgravely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Igravis\j\b\i heavy
#
\Hgrave (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgraven\j\b\i, \Bgraving\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to carve: 'the image of his face is \Igraven\j\b\i permanently on my mind'.
\Bgraven image\j\b\i, an idol.
#
\Hgrave (4)\h
\Isay\j\b\i grarv \Ior\j\b\i \CX1grar\j\b\ivay \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i very slowly. Italian
#
\Hgravel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gravv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any grains larger than coarse sand and finer than pebbles. \Bgravel\j\b\i (\Bgravelled\j\b\i, \Bgravelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with gravel; \Bgravelly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, like or containing gravel, b) (of a voice) harsh or hoarse.
#
\Hgravestone\h
\Pnoun\p a stone, usually engraved or ornamental, placed at the head of a grave.
#
\Hgraveyard\h
\Pnoun\p a cemetery, often surrounding a church.
#
\Hgravitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gravv\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to move or have a natural attraction towards: 'the flies \Igravitated\j\b\i towards the open wound'.
#
\Hgravitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i gravvi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) the force of attraction between all particles or bodies or the acceleration of one towards another. b) the process caused by this force.
\CX12.\j\b\i a natural tendency or attraction towards something. \Bgravitational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hgravity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gravv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the force existing between any two bodies because of their mass, such as the force between the earth and a body on its surface. Compare \Jweight\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i seriousness: 'the \Igravity\j\b\i of this crime demands severe punishment'. Latin \Igravitas\j\b\i weight, dignity
#
\Hgravy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gray\j\b\i-vee \Pnoun\p a sauce, usually seasoned and thickened, made from the juices produced while cooking meat.
#
\Hgravy beef\h
a cut of beef from the shin and leg of the animal.
#
\Hgray\h
\Pnoun\p grey.
#
\Hgraze (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of cattle, sheep, etc.) to eat grass.
to put grease on or in. \Bgreasy\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gree\j\b\i-zee), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgreasily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgreasiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrease gun\h
any of various devices for forcing grease into mechanical parts.
#
\Hgreasepaint\h
\Pnoun\p any make-up used by actors or performers, formerly a mixture of lard or fat with colouring.
#
\Hgreat\h
\Isay\j\b\i grate \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i large: 'the accident left a \Igreat\j\b\i scar on her leg'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was in \Igreat\j\b\i pain' (= considerable, more than ordinary).
\CX12.\j\b\i important or remarkable: 'he is one of the \Igreat\j\b\i jazz musicians of this century'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was a \Igreat\j\b\i slogan during the depression years' (= popular, much in use).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very good: 'it was a \Igreat\j\b\i party'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of family relationships) being one generation removed from the named relationship: 'a \Igreat\j\b\i-grandmother'. \Bgreat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a significant or important person; \Bgreatly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgreatness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgreat circle\h
any calculated circle on the earth's surface, such as the equator, whose plane bisects the earth into two hemispheres. A line along a great circle is the shortest distance between two points on the earth's surface.
#
\Hgreatcoat\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy overcoat.
#
\HGreat Dane\h
any of a breed of tall, strong smooth-haired dogs, originally used to hunt wild boar.
#
\Hgreatness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgreat\j\b\i.
#
\Hgreat toe\h
also called a \Bbig toe\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the largest of the toes, corresponding to the thumb on the hand.
#
\Hgrebe\h
\Isay\j\b\i greeb \Pnoun\p any of various short-winged, almost tail-less diving birds.
#
\Hgreed\h
\Pnoun\p an extreme desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of food or wealth.
\Bgreedy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
very eager for large quantities of anything. \Bgreedily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgreediness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgreen\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a primary colour like that of growing grass. b) the colour between yellow and blue in the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i a grassy lawn or area, such as a \Bputting green\j\b\i which surrounds each hole on the golf links.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any green or leafy vegetable.
\Bgreen\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having the colour green.
\CX12.\j\b\i covered with grass or foliage: '\Igreen\j\b\i fields'.
\CX13.\j\b\i consisting of green or leafy vegetables: 'a \Igreen\j\b\i salad'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of or relating to ecology or ecological issues.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'use \Igreen\j\b\i tomatoes to make chutney' (= not ripe).
b) '\Igreen\j\b\i timber does not burn well' (= not dry, untreated).
c) 'the apprentices are too \Igreen\j\b\i to work on such a difficult job' (= inexperienced).
d) 'she was \Igreen\j\b\i with envy' (= pale).
e) 'I had a devil of a time trying to buy \Igreen\j\b\i prawns' (= uncooked, fresh). \Bgreen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become green; \Bgreenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bgreen\j\b\i is the colour of growing plants so it is not surprising that it has come to describe caring about the natural world around us. The term became very popular at a time when more and more people were beginning to be concerned about the destruction of the environment and it had the advantage of being a much simpler word than 'environmental' or 'ecological'.
#
\Hgreenback\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a piece of paper money.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the American dollar.
#
\Hgreen belt\h
an area around a city, including parks, playing fields and gardens, where building is not allowed.
#
\Hgreenery\h
\Pnoun\p any green foliage or plants.
#
\Hgreen-eyed\h
\Padjective\p jealous.
#
\Hgreen fingers\h
also called a \Bgreen thumb\j\b\i
a skill in gardening and growing plants.
#
\Hgreengrocer\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bfruiterer\j\b\i
a person selling fresh fruit and vegetables.
#
\Hgreenhorn\h
\Pnoun\p an inexperienced person.
#
\Hgreenhouse\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bglasshouse\j\b\i
a glass building for growing plants.
#
\Hgreenhouse effect\h
the trapping in the atmosphere of heat and gases given off by the earth, possibly increasing the earth's temperature.
#
\Hgreenie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a conservationist.
#
\Hgreen light\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) permission or opportunity to proceed with a project. from the railway signal light
#
\Hgreenness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgreen\j\b\i.
#
\Hgreenstone\h
\Pnoun\p any of various basaltic rocks having a dark green colour.
#
\Hgreen thumb\h
See \Jgreen fingers\j\b\i.
#
\HGreenwich Mean Time\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grenn\j\b\iich meen time the time at Greenwich, England, used internationally as a standard reference. See \Juniversal time\j\b\i.
#
\HGreenwich meridian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grenn\j\b\iich ma-\CX1ridd\j\b\iian See \Jprime meridian\j\b\i.
#
\Hgreet\h
\Pverb\p to meet and welcome.
\Bgreeting\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any words or gestures of goodwill or welcome.
#
\Hgregarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i gri-\CX1gair\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p tending to live or form in groups: 'ants are \Igregarious\j\b\i insects'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Igregarious\j\b\i nature helped him to collect many friends' (= sociable, friendly). \Bgregariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgregariousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Igregis\j\b\i of a flock
#
\HGregorian calendar\h
the calendar in everyday use, having 365 days per year and 366 days in a leap year. established by \IPope Gregory XIII\j\b\i, 1582
#
\Hgremlin\h
\Pnoun\p an imaginary gnome-like creature to which aviators, etc. like to attribute engine and other mechanical troubles.
#
\Hgrenade\h
\Isay\j\b\i gren-\CX1ade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small bomb thrown by hand or fired from a rifle. Spanish \Igranada\j\b\i a pomegranate
#
\Hgrenadier\h
\Isay\j\b\i grenna-\CX1deer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a member of a special infantry corps in the British army. b) (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a soldier who used grenades.
#
\Hgrevillea\h
\Isay\j\b\i grer-\CX1vill\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a group of Australian shrubs, such as the \Bsilky oak\j\b\i, with dense flower heads and variable leaves.
#
\Hgrew\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bgrow\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrey\h
\Isay\j\b\i gray \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgray\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a colour between black and white or composed of a mixture of black and white.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything of this colour, especially a horse. \Bgrey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgrey\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become grey.
#
\Hgrey area\h
an issue which is not clearly defined.
#
\Hgreyhound\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of slender, long-legged, smooth-haired dogs, noted for their speed.
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\Hgrey matter\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the parts of the central nervous system composed of nerve cells. Compare \Jwhite matter\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) brain or intelligence.
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\Hgreywacke\h
\Isay\j\b\i grey-wacky \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgraywacke\j\b\i
\IGeology:\j\b\i a hard dark grey sandstone which contains particles of other rocks. from German \Igrauwacke\j\b\i
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\Hgrid\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a framework of parallel or crossed bars, such as in a fire grate.
\CX12.\j\b\i a network of regular vertical and horizontal lines on a map, used for reference.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICar racing:\j\b\i the starting place where cars line up before a race.
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\Hgriddle\h
\Pnoun\p a flat, iron plate for baking or toasting cakes, biscuits, etc.
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\Hgridiron\h
\Isay\j\b\i grid-\CX1eye\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a grill. b) any structure resembling a grill or grid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) \IAmerican:\j\b\i a nickname for the field on which American football is played. b) the Australian and New Zealand name for American football.
#
\Hgrief\h
\Isay\j\b\i greef \Pnoun\p a) a deep or intense sorrow. b) anything which causes sorrow or distress.
\Bcome to grief\j\b\i, to fail or meet with disaster.
\Bgrieve\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause or feel grief. Latin \Igravis\j\b\i heavy
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\Hgrievance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gree\j\b\i-v'nce \Pnoun\p a real or imaginary cause for complaint or resentment.
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\Hgrievous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gree\j\b\ivus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i severe or terrible: 'he was charged with \Igrievous\j\b\i bodily harm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing or expressing grief. \Bgrievously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgriffin\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgriffon\j\b\i or \Bgryphon\j\b\i
\IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. Greek \Igrypos\j\b\i hook-nosed
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\Hgrill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal utensil with parallel bars on which meat, etc. is cooked by direct heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i any food cooked in this way: 'a mixed \Igrill\j\b\i'.
\Bgrill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cook food on a grill. Also called to \Bbroil\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to interrogate or question persistently.
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\Hgrille\h
\Isay\j\b\i gril \Pnoun\p a metal screen or lattice, often decorative, e.g. for a gate or the front of a motor vehicle.
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\Hgrim\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i severe or merciless: 'she took a \Igrim\j\b\i view of the situation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i stern or harsh in appearance: 'he approached the \Igrim\j\b\i castle with fear'.
\Pverb\p to twist or distort the face, expressing pain, annoyance, etc. \Bgrimace\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \Igrimazo\j\b\i a caricature
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\Hgrime\h
\Pnoun\p any dirt, especially as a thick layer or ingrained into a surface. \Bgrime\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgrimy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgriminess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrin\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgrinned\j\b\i, \Bgrinning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to smile widely, especially in a relaxed, friendly or amused way.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw back the lips and show the teeth, in anger, pain, etc. \Bgrin\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgrinningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to rub or crush a substance so as to reduce it to a powder.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rub hard, especially in order to produce a smooth or sharp surface.
\CX13.\j\b\i to work or produce by turning a handle: 'to \Igrind\j\b\i out a tune on a barrel organ'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to work or study very hard or with great effort.
\Bgrind\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or noise of grinding.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any hard or monotonous work. \Bgrinder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that grinds.
#
\Hgrindstone\h
\Pnoun\p a large, abrasive stone, shaped like a wheel and turned to grind, polish or sharpen tools.
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\Hgringo\h
\Pnoun\p (in Central and South America) a foreigner, especially a North American. Spanish, gibberish
#
\Hgrip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bgripped\j\b\i, \Bgripping\j\b\i)
to take or hold firmly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the audience was \Igripped\j\b\i by the dramatic scene' (= fascinated, enthralled).
\Bgrip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or power of gripping: 'his \Igrip\j\b\i on the branch loosened and he fell from the tree'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has little \Igrip\j\b\i of the problems' (= understanding).
b) 'the fever has lost its \Igrip\j\b\i on her' (= hold, control).
\CX12.\j\b\i a light travelling bag.
\CX13.\j\b\i a handle.
\Bcome to grips with\j\b\i, to deal with decisively or energetically. \Bgrippingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hgripe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any sharp or violent pains in the abdomen.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a complaint or grumble. \Bgripe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to grumble or complain persistently.
#
\Hgrippe\h
\Isay\j\b\i grip \Pnoun\p influenza. French \Igripper\j\b\i to seize
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\Hgrisly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1griz\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p causing fear or horror.
#
\Hgrist\h
\Pnoun\p any grain to be ground or already ground.
\Bgrist to one's mill\j\b\i, something which may be useful or advantageous.
#
\Hgristle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1griss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any cartilage present in meat. \Bgristly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or containing gristle.
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\Hgrit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any small, hard particles of stone, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i strength or courage.
\Bgrit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgritted\j\b\i, \Bgritting\j\b\i)
to clench or grind: 'to \Igrit\j\b\i one's teeth'. \Bgritty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgrittiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgrizzle\h
\Pverb\p to whine or complain. \Bgrizzle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgrizzler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who grizzles.
#
\Hgrizzled\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1grizz\j\b\i'ld \Padjective\p (of hair, etc.) grey. French \Igris\j\b\i grey
#
\Hgrizzly\h
\Padjective\p grey or greyish.
\Bgrizzly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a grizzly bear.
#
\Hgrizzly bear\h
See \Jbear (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hgroan\h
\Pverb\p to make a long, low, deep sound: 'we \Igroaned\j\b\i in despair at the thought of more work'. \Bgroan\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrocer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gro\j\b\i-ser \Pnoun\p a person selling general foods or such household goods as soaps.
\Bgrocery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a grocer's shop.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any articles bought from a grocer, such as tinned food, soap, etc.
#
\Hgrog\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any alcoholic drink.
#
\Hgroggy\h
\Padjective\p dazed and unsteady: 'she got out of bed still \Igroggy\j\b\i with sleep'. \Bgroggily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrogginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgroin (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the area at the base of the trunk where the thighs join the body and where the genitals are situated.
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\Hgroin (2)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgroyne\j\b\i.
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\Hgrommet\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgrummet\j\b\i
a rubber or metal ring or eyelet.
#
\Hgroom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a man who is about to be or is newly married. Short form of \Bbridegroom\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who cares for horses.
\Bgroom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to brush and clean a horse.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make neat and tidy: 'his hair is always beautifully \Igroomed\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Igroomed\j\b\i from childhood to be a queen' (= carefully prepared).
#
\Hgroomsman\h
\Pnoun\p a man who attends the groom at a wedding.
#
\Hgroove\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long narrow channel, such as the track cut in a gramophone record from which the stylus receives the signal to be amplified.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is very enjoyable: 'it's a \Igroove\j\b\i!'.
\Binto\j\b\i, \Bin a groove\j\b\i, 'they have got \Iinto a groove\j\b\i and rarely see their old friends' (= into a fixed way of life).
\Bgroove\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut or fix in a groove.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to give or get enjoyment. b) to fit in well with others. \Bgroovy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) a) very enjoyable or exciting, b) (of a jazz musician) playing well.
#
\Hgrope\h
\Pverb\p to feel or search uncertainly: a) 'I \Igroped\j\b\i for the light switch in the dark'; b) 'I was \Igroping\j\b\i for his name all through our conversation'. \Bgropingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgroper\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgrouper\j\b\i
a) any of a group of large-mouthed, edible Australian and New Zealand fish, some of which are dangerous to man. b) any of a group of North Atlantic fish, important as food.
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\Hgrosgrain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gro\j\b\i-grain \Pnoun\p a heavy, corded fabric made from silk or rayon, used for ribbons. French \Igros\j\b\i coarse + \Igrain\j\b\i texture
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\Hgross\h
\Isay\j\b\i grose \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being the total amount without deductions: 'what is your \Igross\j\b\i salary?'. Compare \Jnet (2)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i large, thick or heavy.
\CX13.\j\b\i coarse or vulgar.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'such a \Igross\j\b\i injustice must be remedied' (= extreme, outrageous).
\Bgross\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any group of twelve dozen or 144. Plural is \Bgross\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the total weight, quantity, amount, etc., e.g. of a vehicle and its load or contents. Plural is \Bgrosses\j\b\i. Compare \Jpayload\j\b\i and \Btare (1)\j\b\i.
\Bgross\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to earn a total of. \Bgrossly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrossness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrotesque\h
\Isay\j\b\i gro-\CX1tesk\j\b\i \Padjective\p odd or unnatural in shape, appearance, etc.: a) 'the \Igrotesque\j\b\i statue frightened the children'; b) 'a \Igrotesque\j\b\i sense of humour'. \Bgrotesquely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrotesqueness\j\b\i, \Bgrotesquerie\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Italian \Igrottesca\j\b\i like an excavation, because art works dug up by archaeologists were considered bizarre
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\Hgrotto\h
\Pnoun\p a cave or cave-like area.
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\Hgrotty\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dirty or unpleasant.
#
\Hgrouch\h
\Pverb\p to complain or grumble. \Bgrouch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a complaint, b) a person who complains or grumbles; \Bgrouchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgrouchily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrouchiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hground (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the solid surface of the earth: 'he fell to the \Iground\j\b\i unconscious'.
\CX12.\j\b\i soil or earth: 'the crops could not survive in the stony \Iground\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an area used for a particular purpose: a) 'a cricket \Iground\j\b\i'; b) 'the hospital \Igrounds\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the questions covered a great deal of \Iground\j\b\i' (= material, subject).
\CX14.\j\b\i the position held by a person or group: 'the demonstrators stood their \Iground\j\b\i and refused to move on'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a basis or reason: 'the court must be told the \Igrounds\j\b\i for the complaint'.
\Bground\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to place or fix on the ground.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the pilot was \Igrounded\j\b\i for one year' (= forbidden to fly).
\CX12.\j\b\i to base or establish: 'on what facts do you \Iground\j\b\i your argument?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jearth\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i to give basic training or instruction: 'all our pupils are well \Igrounded\j\b\i in science subjects'. \Bground\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being on, near or level with the ground.
#
\Hground (2)\h
\Padjective\p consisting of fine, dust-like particles as the result of grinding: '\Iground\j\b\i pepper'. \Bground\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) sediment consisting of something which has been ground: 'coffee \Igrounds\j\b\i'.
\Bground\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bgrind\j\b\i.
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\Hground crew\h
the mechanics and other non-flying people working at an airfield.
#
\Hground floor\h
in America called the \Bfirst floor\j\b\i
the floor at ground level in a building.
\Bget in on the ground floor\j\b\i, to join a venture at its earliest stage.
#
\Hgrounding\h
\Pnoun\p any basic training or knowledge.
#
\Hgroundless\h
\Padjective\p having no basis or reason. \Bgroundlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgroundlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgroundnut\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpeanut\j\b\i.
#
\Hground rent\h
the rent paid to a landowner for the lease of the land on which a building is sited.
#
\Hgroundsheet\h
\Pnoun\p a waterproof sheet spread on the ground for protection from moisture, etc.
#
\Hgroundsman\h
\Pnoun\p a person in charge of the care and maintenance of a sports field, etc.
#
\Hground speed\h
the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground directly underneath it. Compare \Jair speed\j\b\i.
#
\Hground swell\h
the smooth, massive waves resulting from a distant or past severe storm.
#
\Hground water\h
any water found at a depth to about 100 m of the earth's surface, especially rainwater which has seeped down.
#
\Hgroundwork\h
\Pnoun\p the basis or foundation of anything.
#
\Hgroup\h
\Isay\j\b\i groop \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a number of persons or things considered together, usually having related or similar characteristics.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a blood group.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar properties.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a tactical unit of an airforce, consisting of several squadrons, a headquarters, etc.
\Bgroup\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to form into a group or groups.
#
\Hgroup captain\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce ranking between an air commodore and a wing-commander.
#
\Hgrouper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1groo\j\b\iper \Pnoun\p See \Jgroper\j\b\i.
#
\Hgroup therapy\h
the formation of groups of people with similar problems, e.g. alcoholism, to exchange ideas on their difficulties and successes.
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\Hgrouse (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgrouse\j\b\i
any of various plump European birds with a short, curved bill, short legs and feathered feet, shot for game.
#
\Hgrouse (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to grumble or complain. \Bgrouse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a complaint, b) a person who grumbles or complains.
#
\Hgrout\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pverb\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i to fill or cover joints between tiles, bricks or stones with a thin mortar, often waterproof. \Bgrout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to become larger in size, amount, etc.: a) 'we \Igrow\j\b\i quite rapidly during adolescence'; b) 'our fears \Igrew\j\b\i as night fell'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it's hard to believe this mighty oak \Igrew\j\b\i from a tiny seed' (= came, arose).
b) 'everyone is urging me to \Igrow\j\b\i a beard' (= cause or allow to grow).
c) 'it \Igrew\j\b\i darker as the sun went down' (= became).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgrow on\j\b\i, 'the colour of the walls \Igrows on\j\b\i you after a while' (= becomes more attractive).
\Bgrow out of\j\b\i, a) 'you have \Igrown out of\j\b\i that jumper' (= become too big for); b) 'their friendship \Igrew out of\j\b\i their mutual loneliness' (= resulted from).
\Bgrow up\j\b\i, 'what will you do when you \Igrow up?\j\b\i' (= become adult).
\Bgrower\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who grows things: 'a fruit \Igrower\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which grows in a particular way: 'that rose is a vigorous \Igrower\j\b\i'.
#
\Hgrowl\h
\Pverb\p (of a dog, etc.) to make a deep, threatening, rumbling sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'mother \Igrowled\j\b\i at us for being late' (= spoke angrily). \Bgrowl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgrowlingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrowth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of growing: 'we did a survey on population \Igrowth\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has grown: 'a \Igrowth\j\b\i of weeds'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a tumour.
#
\Hgroyne\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgroin\j\b\i
a structure built to jut out into the sea to help prevent erosion of the shore.
#
\Hgrub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a worm-like larva of certain insects.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) food.
\Bgrub\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgrubbed\j\b\i \Bgrubbing\j\b\i)
to dig up by the roots or clear of roots.
#
\Hgrubby\h
\Padjective\p dirty or unkempt. \Bgrubbily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrubbiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrudge\h
\Pnoun\p a deep feeling of resentment, envy, etc. \Bgrudge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to feel a grudge because of another's wealth, good fortune, etc., b) to give or allow unwillingly; \Bgrudgingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hgruel\h
\Isay\j\b\i grew'l \Pnoun\p a thin cereal made by boiling oatmeal in water or milk.
\Bgruelling\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
exhausting or severe. \Bgruel\j\b\i (\Bgruelled\j\b\i, \Bgruelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to exhaust or punish severely.
#
\Hgruesome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1groo\j\b\isum \Padjective\p causing horror or disgust.
#
\Hgruff\h
\Padjective\p rough or harsh: 'he complained in a \Igruff\j\b\i voice'. \Bgruffly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgruffness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrumble\h
\Pverb\p to complain discontentedly. \Bgrumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgrumbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who grumbles; \Bgrumblingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgrummet\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgrommet\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrumpy\h
\Padjective\p bad-tempered or surly. \Bgrumpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bgrumpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgrump\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is grumpy.
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\Hgrungy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) dirty or messy. b) ugly or unattractive. c) inferior in quality. \Bgrunge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgrunt\h
\Pverb\p to make a low, harsh sound characteristic of pigs. \Bgrunt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hgryphon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1griff\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p See \Jgriffin\j\b\i.
#
\HG-string\h
\Pnoun\p a strip of cloth between the legs covering the genitals and secured by a string round the waist.
#
\HG-suit\h
\Pnoun\p an inflatable suit worn by fighter pilots to prevent blackouts when manoeuvring at high speed.
#
\Hguanaco\h
\Isay\j\b\i gwah-\CX1nar\j\b\iko \Pnoun\p either of two wild species of camel-like mammals of South America. The \Bllama\j\b\i and \Balpaca\j\b\i are domesticated forms.
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\Hguanine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gwa\j\b\i-neen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jpurine\j\b\i.
#
\Hguano\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gwar\j\b\i-no \Pnoun\p the droppings of seabirds, or a synthetic product of similar composition, used as manure and in the production of chemical fertilisers.
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\Hguarantee\h
\Isay\j\b\i garren-\CX1tee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal or official promise that something is made or will be done to specified standards.
\CX12.\j\b\i an assurance: 'she knew that money was no \Iguarantee\j\b\i of happiness'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) a written promise to be responsible for someone else's debts if that person does not pay them. b) a person who makes such a promise. \Bguarantee\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguarantor\h
\Isay\j\b\i garren-\CX1tor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who makes or gives a guarantee.
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\Hguaranty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1garr\j\b\ien-tee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a guarantee.
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\Hguard\h
\Isay\j\b\i gard \Pverb\p to keep safe or in control.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Iguard\j\b\i against a cold' (= take precautions).
b) 'she \Iguarded\j\b\i her words' (= was careful about).
\Bguard\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who guards: a) 'the \Iguard\j\b\i on a train'; b) 'a \Iguard\j\b\i of honour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of guarding: 'the prisoner was kept under close \Iguard\j\b\i'.
anything used for protection against injury: 'the footballer wore a mouth \Iguard\j\b\i'.
\Bbe on one's guard\j\b\i, to be prepared or cautious. \Bguardedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguard cell\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i a crescent-shaped plant cell, two of which surround each stoma and regulate its opening and closing.
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\Hguardian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gard\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who guards or protects: 'she is known as a \Iguardian\j\b\i of civil rights'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a person who has the right and duty to protect another person. \Bguardianship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hguava\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gwar\j\b\i-va \Pnoun\p a subtropical American tree, the fruit of which is used to make jam, jelly, etc.
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\Hgubernatorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i gewba-na-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p of or relating to a governor.
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\Hgudgeon (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gud\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p any of a group of small, oblong fish much used for bait.
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\Hgudgeon (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gud\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p the part of a hinge or pivot which turns on a pin.
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\Hguernsey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gern\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p a heavy woollen jumper such as is worn by footballers, sailors, etc. originally from the island of \IGuernsey\j\b\i in the English Channel
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\Hguerrilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i ger-\CX1rill\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p guerilla a member of an independent military force, often revolutionary, which makes surprise attacks on enemy positions, supplies, etc. Spanish, little war
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\Hguess\h
\Isay\j\b\i gess \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give an answer or opinion based on uncertain knowledge.
\CX12.\j\b\i to offer a chance estimate or solution: 'he \Iguessed\j\b\i my age to be about 20'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Iguess\j\b\i I'll be there' (= suppose). \Bguess\j\b\i, \Bguesswork\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, something based on guessing.
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\Hguesstimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ges\j\b\iti-m't \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an estimate based chiefly on guessing.
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\Hguest\h
\Isay\j\b\i gest \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who receives hospitality, entertainment, etc. from another.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who pays for board, lodging, etc.: 'a hotel \Iguest\j\b\i'.
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\Hguesthouse\h
\Pnoun\p a house which gives temporary accommodation to paying guests, e.g. during holidays, etc.
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\Hguff\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense.
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\Hguffaw\h
\Pnoun\p a noisy, coarse laugh. \Bguffaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguide\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i wide \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to show the way to: 'he will \Iguide\j\b\i the hikers to the hut'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to direct a person's actions: 'ambition \Iguided\j\b\i his every action'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iguided\j\b\i me on the books I should read' (= advised).
\Bguide\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who guides, especially one employed to guide tourists, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a book with useful advice or information. \Bguidance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of guiding, b) advice or instruction; \Bguideline\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any suggestion, rule, etc. which guides.
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\Hguided missile\h
a missile whose direction is controlled throughout its flight. Compare \Jballistic missile\j\b\i.
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\Hguide-dog\h
\Pnoun\p a dog of a suitable breed, such as a Labrador, specially trained to lead a blind person.
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\Hguild\h
\Isay\j\b\i gild \Pnoun\p a group of people, such as weavers, belonging to the same trade and joined together for mutual protection.
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\Hguile\h
\Isay\j\b\i gile \Pnoun\p deceit or cunning. \Bguileful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bguileless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, sincere and honest.
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\Hguillemot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gill\j\b\ii-mot \Pnoun\p See \Jauk\j\b\i. French
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\Hguillotine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gill\j\b\io-teen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine consisting of a heavy blade which falls between two grooved posts, used to behead a person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device with a long blade for trimming paper.
\CX13.\j\b\i a timetable imposed to stop filibustering and to hasten a Bill through Parliament. \Bguillotine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. after \IJ. I. Guillotin\j\b\i, 1738-1814, a French doctor who recommended its use
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\Hguilt\h
\Isay\j\b\i gilt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the condition of being responsible for a wrongdoing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling of responsibility or shame for a wrongdoing, etc.
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\Hguilty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gil\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having done wrong: 'we all knew he was \Iguilty\j\b\i, despite his protestations'.
\CX12.\j\b\i feeling or showing guilt: 'she had a \Iguilty\j\b\i conscience after she lied to her mother'. \Bguiltily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguinea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ginn\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p a sum of money equal to one pound and one shilling, no longer used.
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\Hguineafowl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ginn\j\b\iee-fowl \Pnoun\p a dark grey bird with white spots valued for its flesh and eggs. The female is called a \Bguinea hen\j\b\i. first bred on the \IGuinea coast\j\b\i, Africa
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\Hguineapig\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ginn\j\b\iee-pig \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short-eared, short-tailed rodent, kept as a pet and used in laboratory experiments, originally bred by the Indians of the Andes for its flesh.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person used as the subject of an experiment.
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\Hguise\h
\Isay\j\b\i gize \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an external appearance, especially an assumed appearance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a manner or style of dress: 'the detective was in the \Iguise\j\b\i of a shop assistant.'
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\Hguitar\h
\Isay\j\b\i gi-\CX1tar\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i any of a family of fretted instruments, usually with six strings, which are plucked with the fingers or a plectrum. \Bguitarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgulag\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goo\j\b\ilag \Pnoun\p a harsh prison. Russian
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\Hgulch\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a narrow, deep ravine.
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\Hgulf\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large bay which extends far into the land area.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wide gap or distance: a) 'the earthquake left a great \Igulf\j\b\i in the road'; b) 'the \Igulf\j\b\i between them widened over the years'.
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\Hgull (1)\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bseagull\j\b\i
any of a family of long-winged seabirds with webbed feet, often white with grey wings.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a small, steep-sided valley or gorge usually cut by water or due to soil erosion.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a) a fielding position between slips and point. b) a player in this position.
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\Hgully trap\h
a plumbing outlet where pipes carrying the water used in a house are connected to outside drains.
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\Hgulp\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to swallow in large amounts.
\CX12.\j\b\i to gasp or choke. \Bgulp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgum (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of water-soluble, complex substances derived from plants and used as glues, in medicine, in food and in industrial substances.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) chewing gum. b) a hard gelatinous sweet. \Bgummy\j\b\i, \Bgummous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bgum\j\b\i (\Bgummed\j\b\i, \Bgumming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to fill, cover or stick together with or as if with gum.
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\Hgum (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the firm flesh in which the teeth are set.
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\Hgumboot\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwellington\j\b\i
a waterproof rubber boot, reaching to the knee.
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\Hgumption\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gump\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) initiative and common sense.
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\Hgum tree\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a eucalypt.
\Bup a gum tree\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be in an awkward or difficult situation.
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\Hgun\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any weapon or device having a tube or barrel through which a projectile is discharged.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a fast shearer.
\Bstick to one's guns\j\b\i, to insist on one's ideas, rights, etc.
\Bgun\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgunned\j\b\i, \Bgunning\j\b\i)
to hunt or shoot with a gun.
\Bgun for\j\b\i, to seek with the intention of hurting or killing.
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\Hgunboat\h
\Pnoun\p a boat with light guns, used for patrols, etc.
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\Hguncarriage\h
\Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i the wheeled structure on which an artillery gun is mounted.
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\Hguncotton\h
\Pnoun\p an explosive formed by the action of sulfuric and nitric acids on cellulose.
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\Hgun-dog\h
\Pnoun\p a dog, such as a spaniel, pointer or setter, trained to find, flush or fetch game birds.
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\Hgunfire\h
\Pnoun\p the firing of a gun or guns.
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\Hgung-ho\h
\Padjective\p excessively enthusiastic or over zealous. Chinese \Ikung\j\b\i work + \Iho\j\b\i together
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\Hgunmetal\h
\Pnoun\p a dark grey alloy of copper, tin and zinc, used for belt buckles, etc.
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\Hgunnel\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgunwale\j\b\i.
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\Hgunner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a private in an artillery unit.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any member of an artillery unit.
\CX13.\j\b\i the officer in charge of a ship's guns.
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\Hgunny\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a coarse fabric, often made from jute, used for sacks, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bag made from this fabric.
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\Hgunpowder\h
\Pnoun\p a mixture of potassium nitrate, powdered charcoal and sulphur, used as an explosive.
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\Hgun-running\h
\Pnoun\p the smuggling of guns between countries. \Bgun-runner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgunshot\h
\Pnoun\p a) the range of a gun. b) the firing or discharge of a gun. c) the bullet fired from a gun.
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\Hgunsmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or repairs firearms.
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\Hgunwale\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gunn\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bgunnel\j\b\i
\INautical:\j\b\i the upper edge around the hull of a small boat, or, formerly, a warship.
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\Hgunya\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gun\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmia-mia\j\b\i or a \Bwurley\j\b\i
an Aboriginal hut.
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\Hguppy\h
\Pnoun\p a small West Indian fish, often kept in home aquariums. It lives on mosquito larvae and multiplies rapidly.
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\Hgurgle\h
\Pverb\p to make a bubbling sound, such as is made by flowing water. \Bgurgle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgurglingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguru\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1goo\j\b\i-roo \Pnoun\p \IHinduism:\j\b\i a spiritual teacher. Hindi
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\Hgush\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to flow suddenly and with force.
\CX12.\j\b\i to display emotion or enthusiasm extravagantly. \Bgush\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bgushy\j\b\i, \Bgushing\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, displaying effusive emotion, etc.
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\Hgusher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who gushes.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an oilwell with an abundant flow.
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\Hgusset\h
\Pnoun\p a flat insert, usually triangular, to connect and reinforce the parts of something, such as clothes, steel frameworks, etc.
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\Hgust\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden rush or burst. \Bgust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bgusty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgustily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hgusto\h
\Pnoun\p a vigorous enjoyment. Italian, taste, relish
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\Hgut\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i See \Jintestine\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the entrails.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iplural\j\b\i) courage or endurance: 'it takes \Iguts\j\b\i to sail around the world alone'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a preparation of the intestines of some animals used for violin strings, tennis rackets, etc.
\Bgut\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bgutted\j\b\i, \Bgutting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to take out the entrails of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to destroy the interior of: 'the house was \Igutted\j\b\i by fire'. \Bgutless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lacking courage or determination.
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\Hgutsy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) courageous.
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\Hgutta-percha\h
\Pnoun\p a resinous, rubbery but rather inelastic, substance obtained from certain Malayan trees, used in electrical insulation, golf balls, etc. Malay, gum tree
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\Hgutter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a channel for carrying off fluids.
\CX12.\j\b\i any low-class, wretched or degrading surroundings: 'she rose from the \Igutter\j\b\i to stardom'.
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\Hguttering\h
\Pnoun\p the troughs on roof eaves designed to carry away rain water.
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\Hguttersnipe\h
\Pnoun\p a street urchin or neglected slum child.
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\Hguttural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1gutt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p throaty or harsh, as a sound produced at the back of the throat.
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\Hguy (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i high \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person. \Bguy\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to ridicule.
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\Hguy (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i high \Pnoun\p a rope or device used to steady, guide or fix something firmly in place. \Bguy\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hguzzle\h
\Pverb\p to eat or drink greedily. \Bguzzler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hgybe\h
\Isay\j\b\i jib \Pverb\p also spelt \Bjibe\j\b\i
\ISailing:\j\b\i to turn a boat, when sailing before the wind, so that the boom swings across from one side to the other.
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\Hgym\h
\Isay\j\b\i jim \Pnoun\p short form of \Bgymnasium\j\b\i and \Bgymnastics\j\b\i.
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\Hgymkhana\h
\Isay\j\b\i jim-\CX1kah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a horseriding competition consisting of various events.
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\Hgymnasium\h
\Isay\j\b\i jim-\CX1nay\j\b\izium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgymnasiums\j\b\i or \Bgymnasia\j\b\i
a room fitted with equipment for physical training and gymnastics. Greek \Igymnazein\j\b\i to exercise, from \Igymnos\j\b\i naked
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\Hgymnastics\h
\Isay\j\b\i jim-\CX1nast\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p a) any exercises which develop agility, suppleness and strength. b) (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the principles of such exercises. \Bgymnastic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgymnast\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jim\j\b\i-nast), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained or skilled in gymnastics.
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\Hgymnosperm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jim\j\b\ino-sperm \Pnoun\p any of a large group of plants, mainly the conifers, whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. Compare \Jangiosperm\j\b\i. Greek \Igymnos\j\b\i naked + \Isperma\j\b\i seed
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\Hgynaecology\h
\Isay\j\b\i gie-na-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the female reproductive system and its diseases. Compare \Jobstetrics\j\b\i. \Bgynaecological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i gie-na-ka-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bgynaecologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Igynaikos\j\b\i of a woman + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hgynoecium\h
\Isay\j\b\i gie-\CX1nee\j\b\isium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bgynoecia\j\b\i
also called a \Bpistil\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i all the carpels in a flower. Greek \Igyne\j\b\i woman + \Ioikion\j\b\i house
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jip\j\b\isum \Pnoun\p a soft mineral (hydrous calcium sulfate), used for plaster of Paris and as a fertiliser. Greek \Igypsos\j\b\i chalk
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\Hgypsy\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgipsy\j\b\i.
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\Hgyrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i jie-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to revolve or move in a circle. \Bgyration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a turning or circular movement.
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\Hgyroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jie\j\b\i-ra-skope \Pnoun\p a device consisting of a rotating wheel which resists any movement when spinning, used as the basis of stabilisers in ships, compasses, etc. Greek \Igyros\j\b\i ring + \Iskopein\j\b\i to look at
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\Hha\h
interjection an exclamation of triumph, suspicion, surprise, etc.
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\Hhabeas corpus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-bee-ass \CX1kor\j\b\ipus \ILaw:\j\b\i an order that an imprisoned person must be brought before a court for trial, as a protection against illegal imprisonment. Latin, you shall produce the body
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\Hhaberdasher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1habb\j\b\ia-dasha \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who sells items such as ribbons, thread, needles, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a person who sells men's hats, shirts, socks, etc. \Bhaberdashery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the goods sold by a haberdasher, b) the shop in which such goods are sold.
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\Hhabit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a regular practice or usage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the dress worn by members of a religious order: 'a monk's \Ihabit\j\b\i'. b) a woman's riding outfit.
\Bhabit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
an old word meaning to clothe. \Bhabitual\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1bit\j\b\i-yew'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) due to or established by habit, b) regularly used; \Bhabitually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhabitualness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhabitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1habb\j\b\iita-b'l \Padjective\p fit to be lived in: 'a house in \Ihabitable\j\b\i condition'. \Bhabitability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i habbita-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Bhabitableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hhabitat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular environment where a plant or animal is usually found, e.g. in the sea, in alpine areas, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place of abode.
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\Hhabitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i habbi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place of abode.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of inhabiting: 'slums unfit for human \Ihabitation\j\b\i'.
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\Hhabitual\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1bit\j\b\i-chew'l \Padjective\p See \Jhabit\j\b\i
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\Hhabituate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha\CX1bit\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to accustom to: 'nurses are \Ihabituated\j\b\i to the sight of blood'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to visit often: 'he \Ihabituates\j\b\i disreputable nightclubs'.
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\Hhabitude\h
\Pnoun\p any customary behaviour or manner.
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\HhabituΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha\CX1bit\j\b\i-yoo-ay \Pnoun\p a person who regularly goes to a place. French \Ihabituer\j\b\i
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\Hhacienda\h
\Isay\j\b\i hussi-\CX1en\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p a large homestead in Latin America or Mexico.
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\Hhack (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cut roughly or clumsily: 'he \Ihacked\j\b\i away at the tree trunk'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cough spasmodically with a dry throat.
\CX13.\j\b\i to use a computer to gain, or attempt to gain, unauthorised access to stored information.
\Bhack\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any cut or gash: 'the axe cut a great \Ihack\j\b\i out of his leg'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any tool for hacking, such as a mattock or hoe.
\CX13.\j\b\i to kick on the shin.
\CX14.\j\b\i a short, dry cough.
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\Hhack (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a horse used for general riding. b) any old worn-out horse.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person employed to do dull and arduous literary work. \Bhack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to ride a horse for pleasure.
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\Hhackamore\h
\Pnoun\p \IHorseriding:\j\b\i a piece of rope forming part of a halter and used as a bit.
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\Hhacker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who illegally gains access to a computer system. \Bhacked\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhackle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of the long feathers on the neck of some birds.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the hairs on the back of a dog's neck.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IFishing:\j\b\i an artificial fly or part of a fly, made from the hackles of a bird.
\Bhave, get one's hackles up\j\b\i, to be or become very angry.
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\Hhackney\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of a breed of horses for ordinary riding or for pulling carriages.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse-drawn cab kept for hire.
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\Hhackneyed\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hak\j\b\i-need \Padjective\p stale or trite, as a result of too frequent use: 'a \Ihackneyed\j\b\i phrase'. \Bhackney\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhacksaw\h
\Pnoun\p a saw with a narrow blade set in a frame, used for cutting metal, etc.
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\Hhackwork\h
\Pnoun\p any dull or uninspiring work.
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\Hhad\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bhave\j\b\i.
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\Hhaddock\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hadd\j\b\i'k \Pnoun\p any of a group of edible fish related to the cod and found in the North Atlantic, often eaten smoked.
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\HHades\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-deez \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the home of the spirits of the dead, the underworld.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) hell. after \IHades\j\b\i, the god of the underworld in Greek mythology
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\Hhaematite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\ima-tite \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhematite\j\b\i
\IGeology:\j\b\i a common mineral (formula Fe\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i) the principal source of iron. Greek \Ihaimatites\j\b\i blood-like
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\Hhaematology\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1heem\j\b\ia-tolla-jee \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhematology\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i the study of the nature, function and diseases of the blood. \Bhaematologist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i heema-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ihaimatos\j\b\i of blood + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hhaematosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i heema-\CX1toe\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhematosis\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the oxygenation of the blood in the lungs.
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\Hhaemoglobin\h
\Isay\j\b\i heema-\CX1glo\j\b\i-bin \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhemoglobin\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a red pigment found in the red blood cells of vertebrates, which transports oxygen around the body.
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\Hhaemophilia\h
\Isay\j\b\i heema-\CX1fill\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhemophilia\j\b\i
a hereditary disease in which blood clots poorly, causing small injuries to bleed excessively. \Bhaemophiliac\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i heema-\CX1fill\j\b\ii-ak), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with haemophilia. Greek \Ihaima\j\b\i blood + \Iphilein\j\b\i to love
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\Hhaemorrhage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hemm\j\b\ia-rij \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhemorrhage\j\b\i
a loss of blood, especially internally.
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\Hhaemorrhoid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hemm\j\b\ia-roid \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhemorrhoid\j\b\i
also called \Bpiles\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) an expanded mass of veins in the anus.
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\Hhafnium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 72, a metal used in making tungsten filaments and useful in research because it readily emits electrons. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hhaft\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i raft \Pnoun\p the handle of a knife, dagger, or sword.
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\Hhag\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) an ugly old woman. b) a witch.
\Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a food like a large sausage, made of the offal of a sheep, minced with oatmeal, suet, flavourings, etc. and boiled in the sheep's stomach.
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\Hhaggle\h
\Pverb\p to argue or dispute in a petty way, especially over a price. \Bhaggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhag-ridden\h
\Padjective\p tormented or distressed.
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\Hhahnium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\i-nee-yum \Pnoun\p element number 105, an unstable, artificially created element.
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\Hhaiku\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-koo \Pnoun\p a Japanese verse form in three lines of five, seven and five syllables respectively.
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\Hhail (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to greet or welcome: 'she \Ihailed\j\b\i her friends'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to acclaim enthusiastically: 'the critics \Ihailed\j\b\i the author's latest play'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'shall we \Ihail\j\b\i a taxi?' (= obtain by calling out to).
\CX13.\j\b\i to come or belong to: 'which part of Australia does she \Ihail\j\b\i from?'.
\Bhail\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a shout to attract attention: 'I heard a \Ihail\j\b\i from across the street'.
\Bhail\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
an exclamation of greeting or welcome.
\Bhail-fellow-well-met\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
very familiar or effusively friendly: 'I can't abide his \Ihail-fellow-well-met\j\b\i heartiness'.
#
\Hhail (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) frozen raindrops which fall from the sky in a shower. b) a shower of such pellets.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the gangster died in a \Ihail\j\b\i of bullets' (= shower).
\Bhail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fall as hail.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they \Ihailed\j\b\i blows upon her back' (= delivered plentifully). \Bhailstone\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pellet of hail; \Bhailstorm\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) any of the fine thread-like structures which grow from the skin of most animals. b) a growth of such threads, forming the natural covering of the human head, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any fabric made from the fur of an animal: 'a \Icamelhair\j\b\i coat'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blet one's hair down\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to behave in a relaxed or uninhibited way.
\Bsplit hairs\j\b\i, to make unimportant or petty distinctions.
\Bwithout turning a hair\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) remaining calm or untroubled.
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\Hhaircut\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of cutting hair. b) the style in which hair is cut.
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\Hhairdo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hairstyle.
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\Hhairdressing\h
\Pnoun\p the art of cutting, styling, colouring and caring for the hair. \Bhairdresser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is trained or skilled in hairdressing.
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\Hhairiness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhairy\j\b\i.
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\Hhairline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the junction between the edge of the hair and the skin, especially at the forehead.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very thin line.
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\Hhairpiece\h
\Pnoun\p a mass of real or artificial hair attached to a base, worn on the head to cover a bald patch or to add to a hairstyle.
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\Hhairpin\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbobby pin\j\b\i
a U-shaped pin for keeping long hair, coils or other hair arrangements in place.
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\Hhairpin bend\h
a U-shaped bend in a road.
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\Hhair-raising\h
\Padjective\p terrifying.
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\Hhair's-breadth\h
\Pnoun\p a very small space or distance: 'he won by a \Ihair's-breadth\j\b\i'.
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\Hhairsplitting\h
\Pnoun\p the act of making petty or unnecessary distinctions.
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\Hhairspring\h
\Pnoun\p a fine coiled spring in a watch or clock, which helps to regulate the beats.
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\Hhairstyle\h
\Pnoun\p the way in which the hair is arranged. \Bhairstylist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhair-trigger\h
\Pnoun\p a trigger which is operated by a very slight pressure.
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\Hhairy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i covered with or resembling hair.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dangerous or hair-raising: 'what a \Ihairy\j\b\i adventure!'. \Bhairiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhaka\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i a Maori war dance.
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\Hhake\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of European marine fish related to the cod.
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\Hhakea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-kee-a \Pnoun\p any of a group of Australian trees or shrubs, with hard woody fruit and winged seeds.
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\Hhalberd\h
\Pnoun\p a medieval spear with an axe-like blade. \Bhalberdier\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i halba-\CX1deer\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a soldier armed with a halberd.
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\Hhalcyon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hal\j\b\i-see-an \Padjective\p calm or peaceful. Greek \Ihalkyon\j\b\i kingfisher, in mythology a bird believed to have the power to calm the winter seas while hatching its eggs in a floating nest
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\Hhale\h
\Padjective\p in good health.
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\Hhalf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bhalves\j\b\i
either of two equal parts into which something is divided.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby half\j\b\i, 'he's too clever \Iby half\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i' (= by a great deal too much).
\Bby halves\j\b\i, 'he never does anything \Iby halves\j\b\i' (= incompletely).
\Bhalf\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i being either of two equal parts of something: 'I want only a \Ihalf\j\b\i bottle of wine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i incomplete: 'a \Ihalf\j\b\i truth'.
\Bhalf\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
to the extent of half or approximately half: 'the sink is \Ihalf\j\b\i full of dishes'.
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\Hhalf-back\h
\Pnoun\p \IFootball:\j\b\i a player in a position halfway between the centre players and the backs.
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\Hhalf-baked\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) incomplete or immature: '\Ihalf-baked\j\b\i ideas'.
#
\Hhalf-breed\h
\Pnoun\p the offspring of parents of different races, breeds, etc.
#
\Hhalf-brother\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbrother\j\b\i.
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\Hhalf-caste\h
\Pnoun\p a person having parents of different races.
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\Hhalf-cock\h
\Pnoun\p a safe position of the firing mechanism of a rifle or revolver, between fired and fully cocked.
\Bgo off at half-cock\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to act prematurely and unsuccessfully.
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\Hhalf-hearted\h
\Padjective\p having or displaying little enthusiasm or interest. \Bhalf-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhalf-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhalf-hitch\h
\Pnoun\p a simple knot made by passing the end of a rope once around the rope, and then drawing the end through the loop that has been formed, and pulling it tight.
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\Hhalf-life\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the constant time taken for the radioactivity of a particular substance to decay to half its original value.
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\Hhalf-mast\h
\Padverb\p (of a flag) flown halfway down the pole, as a signal of mourning, distress, etc.
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\Hhalf-nelson\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jnelson\j\b\i.
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\Hhalf-note\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jminim\j\b\i.
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\Hhalfpenny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hape\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhalfpennies\j\b\i
any coin worth half a penny. \Bhalfpenny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of the price or value of half a penny, b) of little value.
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\Hhalf-sister\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsister\j\b\i.
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\Hhalf-time\h
\Pnoun\p the interval midway through a game.
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\Hhalftone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any tone or shade intermediate between intense light and deep shade.
\CX12.\j\b\i a picture, such as a photograph in a newspaper, made up of tiny dots produced by taking the photograph through a fine mesh screen.
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\Hhalf-volley\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i a low stroke in which the ball is hit just after it has bounced from the ground.
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\Hhalfway\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being midway between two things, places, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i incomplete: '\Ihalfway\j\b\i measures aren't good enough in an emergency'.
\Bhalfway\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
to or at half the distance.
\Bmeet someone halfway\j\b\i, to compromise.
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\Hhalfway house\h
a centre in which former prisoners, drug addicts, etc. can stay and receive support for a time after their release from an institution.
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\Hhalfwit\h
\Pnoun\p a feeble-minded or foolish person. \Bhalf-witted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhalf-wittedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhalf-wittedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhalibut\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, edible flatfish found in the Northern Hemisphere.
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\Hhalide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-lide \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound of two ions, one of which is a halogen.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a passage or corridor in a building. b) the entrance room of a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large building or room, especially one used for public meetings, entertainment, dining, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a large country house, especially one belonging to the chief landowner in the district.
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\Hhallelujah\h
\Isay\j\b\i halli-\CX1loo\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p also called \Balleluia\j\b\i
\IJewish, Christian:\j\b\i a song or exclamation of praise to God. Hebrew \Ihalleluyah\j\b\i praise Jehovah
#
\Hhallmark\h
\Pnoun\p a mark placed on an article to indicate quality, purity, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has all the \Ihallmarks\j\b\i of a genius at the piano' (= distinguishing signs).
#
\Hhallo\h
interjection hello.
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\Hhalloo\h
interjection an exclamation or cry used to incite hounds to the chase, to attract attention, etc.
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\Hhallow\h
\Pverb\p to make or honour as holy.
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\HHalloween\h
\Isay\j\b\i hallo-\CX1ween\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an annual festival celebrated on 31 October, the eve of All Saints' Day. \Bhalloween\j\b\i occurs on the eve of All Saints' Day, a Christian festival celebrated on 1 November in honour of all the saints. \IHallow\j\b\i comes from Old English \Ihalig\j\b\i (holy); 31 October, however, when Halloween takes place, was a Celtic pagan festival to mark the last day of the year. Many of the beliefs and traditions now associated with Halloween had their origins in the Celtic festival, e.g. the belief that witches and warlocks travel around on that night.
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\Hhallucination\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha-loosi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the experience of seeing or hearing things that seem to be real, but do not actually exist. \Bhallucinate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1loo\j\b\isi-nate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to experience hallucinations; \Bhallucinatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1loo\j\b\isina-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhallucinogenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha-loosina-\CX1jenn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p producing hallucinations. \Bhallucinogenic\j\b\i, \Bhallucinogen\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a drug which produces hallucinations.
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\Hhalo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-lo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhaloes\j\b\i
a brightness or circle of light around the head of a religious image or figure. Greek \Ihalos\j\b\i the sun's disc
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\Hhalogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hall\j\b\ia-j'n \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the univalent, reactive non-metal elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine), which form group VIII in the periodic table. Greek \Ihalos\j\b\i of salt + \B-gen\j\b\i
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\Hhalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i hawlt \Pverb\p to make a temporary stop. \Bhalt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhalter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hawl\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a device made of rope or straps, fitted around the head of a horse, cow, etc. for tying or leading it.
\Bhalter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fit or restrain with a halter.
#
\Hhalter-neck\h
\Padjective\p (of a dress, etc.) having the top part fastened or tied behind the neck, leaving the back and shoulders bare.
#
\Hhalting\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hawlt\j\b\iing \Padjective\p hesitating or wavering: 'the \Ihalting\j\b\i speech of a nervous person'. \Bhaltingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhalve\h
\Isay\j\b\i hahv \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to divide into halves: 'we \Ihalved\j\b\i the cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reduce by half: 'express trains have \Ihalved\j\b\i the time the journey takes'.
#
\Hhalves\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i calves plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bhalf\j\b\i.
#
\Hhalyard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hal\j\b\i-y'd \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a wire or rope used to hoist or lower a sail.
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\Hham\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the slow-cured hind leg of a bacon pig, bought ready cooked and usually eaten cold. Compare \Jgammon\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a) the back of the thighs. b) the thigh and buttocks.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an actor who overacts. b) any amateur: 'a radio \Iham\j\b\i'. \Bham\j\b\i (\Bhammed\j\b\i, \Bhamming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to exaggerate or overact.
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\Hhamadryad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hamm\j\b\ia-dry-ad \Pnoun\p also called a \Bking cobra\j\b\i
a very poisonous, front-fanged snake of tropical Asia, growing up to 5 m long.
#
\Hhamburger\h
\Pnoun\p a) a patty of seasoned, minced meat. b) a similar patty served in a round bread roll, often with salad, etc.
#
\Hham-fisted\h
\Padjective\p clumsy: 'he made a \Iham-fisted\j\b\i attempt at an apology'.
#
\Hhamlet\h
\Pnoun\p a small village or community, especially in the country.
#
\Hhammer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tool with a handle and a heavy metal head for driving in nails, beating, etc. A \Bclaw hammer\j\b\i has one end of the head curved and split for pulling out nails.
\CX12.\j\b\i any part or device with the shape or function of a hammer, such as the padded lever which strikes the strings in a piano or the part of a gun which strikes the percussion cap and causes it to explode.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAthletics:\j\b\i a metal ball attached to a flexible handle, which is thrown in contests.
\Bcome, go under the hammer\j\b\i, to be sold by auction.
\Bhammer\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to strike with or as if with a hammer.
Usage: 'he \Ihammered\j\b\i away at the essay' (= worked persistently).
#
\Hhammer and tongs\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) with great energy, noise or violence.
#
\Hhammerhead shark\h
a type of shark with a head that resembles a double-headed hammer.
#
\Hhammer lock\h
\IWrestling:\j\b\i a hold in which the opponent's arm is twisted and pushed behind his or her back.
#
\Hhammer-toe\h
\Pnoun\p a deformed toe which points downwards.
#
\Hhammock\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet of canvas or netting suspended by cords at each end, serving as a sailor's bed, etc.
#
\Hhamper (1)\h
\Pverb\p to obstruct or impede.
#
\Hhamper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a large basket, usually with a lid.
#
\Hhamster\h
\Pnoun\p a small, short-tailed mammal resembling a guineapig.
#
\Hhamstring\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i either of the tendons at the rear of the knee.
\CX12.\j\b\i the large sinew at the back of the hock in a quadruped.
\Bhamstring\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bhamstrung\j\b\i, \Bhamstringing\j\b\i)
to cripple by cutting the hamstring.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's doing all he can to \Ihamstring\j\b\i her investigations' (= obstruct).
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\Hhand\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of the arm beyond the wrist, used for holding, grasping, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape, position or function of a hand: 'the \Ihands\j\b\i of a clock'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a worker or helper employed in a particular situation: 'a factory \Ihand\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the matter is out of my \Ihands\j\b\i' (= control, responsibility).
b) 'do you think he had a \Ihand\j\b\i in the robbery?' (= share, part).
c) 'he's got a nice legible \Ihand\j\b\i' (= style of handwriting).
d) 'you can see the \Ihand\j\b\i of an expert in this job' (= skill).
e) 'give the actors a big \Ihand\j\b\i' (= applause).
f) 'can you give a \Ihand\j\b\i?' (= help).
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) all the cards held by a player. b) any part of a game in which these cards are played.
\CX15.\j\b\i a unit used to measure the height of horses, equal to about 10.2 cm.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat hand\j\b\i, 'the end of the world is \Iat hand\j\b\i' (= near).
\Bchange hands\j\b\i, to pass from one owner to another.
\Bforce someone's hand\j\b\i, to compel someone to act before they are ready to.
\Bget, have the upper hand\j\b\i, to win or hold an advantage over.
\Bhands down\j\b\i, 'they won the game \Ihands down\j\b\i' (= easily).
\Bhands off!\j\b\i, do not touch or interfere.
\Bhands on\j\b\i, gain practical experience.
\Bhands up!\j\b\i, put your hands up (= surrender).
\Bkeep one's hand in\j\b\i, to practise so as to remain skilful.
\Bold hand\j\b\i, 'he's an \Iold hand\j\b\i at decorating houses' (= expert, experienced person).
\Bshow one's hand\j\b\i, to reveal one's intentions.
\Bthrow one's hand in\j\b\i, to give up, especially in defeat.
\Bto hand\j\b\i, 'we have your letter \Ito hand\j\b\i' (= in our possession).
\Bwash one's hand of\j\b\i, to disclaim all responsibility for.
\Bhand\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or pass with, or as if with, the hands: a) '\Ihand\j\b\i me a biscuit, please'; b) 'the story was \Ihanded\j\b\i down through many generations'.
\Bhand down\j\b\i, 'the court \Ihanded down\j\b\i its decision' (= gave, announced).
#
\Hhandbag\h
\Pnoun\p a bag for carrying small articles such as a handkerchief, money, keys, etc., mainly used by women.
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\Hhandball\h
\Pverb\p \IFootball:\j\b\i to pass the ball by punching it with the clenched fist.
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\Hhandbill\h
\Pnoun\p a small printed paper or advertisement given out by hand.
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\Hhandbook\h
\Pnoun\p a reference book on a subject.
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\Hhandcuffs\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of metal rings joined by a chain to lock around a prisoner's wrists. \Bhandcuff\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhandful\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i as much as can be held in the hand.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'only a \Ihandful\j\b\i of residents attended the meeting' (= small number).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that is difficult to control.
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\Hhandicap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any physical or mental disability which prevents or restricts normal achievement.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a disadvantage or advantage placed on competitors of different standards in a race or match, to try to equalise their chances of winning. \Bhandicap\j\b\i, (\Bhandicapped\j\b\i, \Bhandicapping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to be a handicap to, b) to impose a handicap on; \Bhandicapper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhandicraft\h
\Pnoun\p a) the art of making things with the hands. b) any article made with the hands.
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\Hhandily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jhandy\j\b\i.
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\Hhand-in-glove\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p in close collaboration.
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\Hhandiwork\h
\Pnoun\p any work done with the hands.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this disaster was all your \Ihandiwork\j\b\i' (= doing, efforts).
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\Hhandkerchief\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1han\j\b\ika-cheef \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhandkerchiefs\j\b\i or \Bhandkerchieves\j\b\i
a small, square piece of cloth for wiping the nose or face.
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\Hhandle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of an object or device by which it is held.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a name or title.
\Bfly off the handle\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become very angry suddenly.
\Bhandle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to feel or touch with the hands.
\IUsages\j\b\i:
a) 'she \Ihandled\j\b\i the difficult situation very well' (= controlled).
b) 'we only \Ihandle\j\b\i antiques in this shop' (= deal in). \Bhandler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhandlebar\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a bar at the front of a bicycle, motorcycle, etc., used for steering.
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\Hhandmaid\h
\Pnoun\p handmaiden an old word for a female servant.
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\Hhand-me-down\h
\Pnoun\p something, especially clothing, which is handed down from one person to another.
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\Hhand organ\h
a barrel organ played by turning a crank.
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\Hhand-out\h
\Pnoun\p a) anything which is given away. b) a prepared statement given to the press for publication.
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\Hhand-pick\h
\Pverb\p to choose carefully: 'to \Ihand-pick\j\b\i one's workers'.
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\Hhandrail\h
\Pnoun\p a light bar along the edge of stairs or steps, used as a support.
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\Hhandset\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a telephone held in the hand, containing both the transmitter and receiver.
\Bhandset\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IPrinting:\j\b\i to set type by hand.
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\Hhandshake\h
\Pnoun\p the grasping of hands by two people as a sign of greeting, farewell, agreement, etc.
\Bgolden handshake\j\b\i, a large sum of money given to a company's senior executives on retirement or in compensation for dismissal.
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\Hhandsome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1han\j\b\is'm \Padjective\p attractive or pleasing in appearance.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we expect a \Ihandsome\j\b\i return on our investment' (= considerable).
b) 'she gave them a most \Ihandsome\j\b\i wedding present' (= generous). \Bhandsomely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhandsomeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhands-on\h
\Padjective\p learned or demonstrated through actual use: 'after the lecture we will have some \Ihands-on\j\b\i computer experience'.
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\Hhandspring\h
\Pnoun\p a somersault in which the body turns in the air while supported with one or both hands.
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\Hhandstand\h
\Pnoun\p the balancing of the body upside-down in a vertical position, using the hands as a base.
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\Hhand-to-hand\h
\Padjective\p at very close quarters: '\Ihand-to-hand\j\b\i combat'.
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\Hhand-to-mouth\h
\Padjective\p having little or no resources: 'the poor live a \Ihand-to-mouth\j\b\i existence'.
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\Hhandwriting\h
\Pnoun\p a) any writing done by hand. b) a particular or individual style of writing: 'she has neat \Ihandwriting\j\b\i'.
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\Hhandy\h
\Padjective\p nearby or easily reached: 'keep your weapons \Ihandy\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) he is a very \Ihandy\j\b\i carpenter' (= skilful).
b) 'this is a very \Ihandy\j\b\i screwdriver' (= useful). \Bhandyman\j\b\i, \Bhandywoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who is skilled at doing odd jobs; \Bhandily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhandiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhang\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhung\j\b\i, \Bhanging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to suspend or support from above: 'to \Ihang\j\b\i one's coat'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it took hours to \Ihang\j\b\i the wallpaper' (= attach).
b) '\Ihang\j\b\i on to my arm' (= grip, hold).
c) 'the smell \Ihung\j\b\i in the air' (= floated).
d) 'the matter \Ihangs\j\b\i on your answer' (= depends).
e) 'she \Ihung\j\b\i out of the window and shouted' (= leaned).
f) 'we \Ihung\j\b\i on her every word' (= concentrated).
(\Bhanged\j\b\i, \Bhanging\j\b\i)
\CX12.\j\b\i to suspend a person by the neck until dead.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhang about, hang around\j\b\i, to pass time without aim or purpose.
\Bhang back\j\b\i, 'do not \Ihang back\j\b\i when asked for your opinion' (= hesitate).
\Bhang on\j\b\i, a) 'the injured man was urged to \Ihang on\j\b\i until help arrived' (= not give up, persevere); b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) '\Ihang on\j\b\i, I'll be there in a minute' (= wait).
\Bhang one's head\j\b\i, to show that one is ashamed, especially by dejectedly drooping one's head.
\Bhang out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she \Ihangs out\j\b\i at the beach in summer' (= spends much time).
\Bhang up\j\b\i, a) to suspend from a hook, peg, etc.; b) to end a telephone conversation by replacing the receiver.
\Bhang\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the way in which something hangs: 'I like the \Ihang\j\b\i of that skirt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the correct or particular way of doing, using, etc.: 'I can't get the \Ihang\j\b\i of this machine'. \Bhanged, hung\j\b\i are both past participles of the \Pverb\p 'to hang'. \IHung\j\b\i can be used for all meanings except one: when referring to execution by hanging. For this meaning \Ihanged\j\b\i is used: 'the last man \Ihanged\j\b\i in Australia was Ronald Ryan'.
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\Hhangar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hang\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a building in which aircraft are kept.
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\Hhangdog\h
\Padjective\p ashamed or furtive: 'a \Ihangdog\j\b\i expression'.
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\Hhanger\h
\Pnoun\p any device on which things may be hung: 'a \Icoat-hanger\j\b\i'.
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\Hhanger-on\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bhangers-on\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who clings to another in a parasitic way.
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\Hhang-glider\h
\Pnoun\p a large kite-like apparatus with the aid of which the user is able to glide through the air from a hilltop, etc. \Bhang-glider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person using a hang-glider; \Bhang-gliding\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhangi\h
\Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i a) a Maori oven. b) a Maori feast.
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\Hhanging\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an execution performed by hanging a person by the neck.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wall-hanging.
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\Hhangman\h
\Pnoun\p a person appointed to hang those condemned to death.
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\Hhangnail\h
\Pnoun\p torn skin at the base of a fingernail.
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\Hhang-out\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a place where one lives, stays or spends much time.
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\Hhangover\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the unpleasant after-effects of drinking too much alcohol.
\CX12.\j\b\i something remaining or left over from an earlier time.
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\Hhang-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an obsession or emotional difficulty, especially one which inhibits.
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\Hhank\h
\Pnoun\p a skein, coil or loop: 'a \Ihank\j\b\i of hair'.
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\Hhanker\h
\Pverb\p to have a restless desire for something: 'I \Ihanker\j\b\i after more travel'. \Bhankering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhanky\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a handkerchief.
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\Hhanky-panky\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any mischievous or tricky activity.
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\HHansard\h
\Pnoun\p the official published reports of debates in parliament. after \IL. Hansard\j\b\i who printed and published British parliamentary debates from 1774
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\Hhansom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1han\j\b\is'm \Pnoun\p a two-wheeled, covered carriage for two passengers, pulled by a horse and with an elevated seat at the rear for the driver. after \IJ. A. Hansom\j\b\i, 1803-82, a British architect
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\Hhaphazard\h
\Isay\j\b\i hap-\CX1hazz\j\b\i'rd \Padjective\p random or occurring merely by chance. \Bhaphazardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhaphazardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhapless\h
\Padjective\p unfortunate or unlucky. \Bhaplessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhaploid\h
\Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i (of a cell) having a single set of chromosomes. Compare \Jdiploid\j\b\i.
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\Hhaply\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning perhaps or by chance.
#
\Hhappen\h
\Pverb\p to be or become an event: 'the robbery \Ihappened\j\b\i while we were on holidays'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Ihappened\j\b\i to meet her in the street' (= chanced).
\Bhappening\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an event.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an improvised entertainment, usually intended to startle any observers.
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\Hhappy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeling or showing contentment or pleasure: 'she is \Ihappy\j\b\i in the new job'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was a \Ihappy\j\b\i decision to leave when we did' (= lucky).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) having an excessive liking for: 'the new sheriff is \Itrigger-happy\j\b\i'. \Bhappily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhappiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhappy-go-lucky\h
\Padjective\p carefree or trusting to luck.
#
\Hharakiri\h
\Isay\j\b\i harra-\CX1kirr\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p a traditional form of ritual suicide in Japan by cutting open the abdomen, formerly used by the warrior class to maintain honour and dignity when faced with disgrace. Japanese, belly cut
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1harr\j\b\ias \Ior\j\b\i ha-\CX1rass\j\b\i \Pverb\p to pester or torment. \Bharassingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharassment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Iharer\j\b\i to set a dog on
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\Hharbinger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\ibinja \Pnoun\p a person or thing that announces or comes before a future event.
#
\Hharbour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p harbor a sheltered area of water deep enough for ships to anchor.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iharbour\j\b\i from the storm' (= place of shelter).
\Bharbour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to give shelter to: 'it is illegal to \Iharbour\j\b\i an escaped criminal'. b) to take shelter in a harbour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is not a person to \Iharbour\j\b\i a grudge' (= secretly hold).
#
\Hhard\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i firm, solid or not easily cut: 'the wood was as \Ihard\j\b\i as iron'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) requiring considerable effort or endurance: '\Ihard\j\b\i work'. b) not easy: 'a \Ihard\j\b\i problem in physics'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she's had a \Ihard\j\b\i time since she lost her job' (= unhappy, difficult).
b) 'she said she had no \Ihard\j\b\i feelings about the argument' (= hostile).
c) 'the newspaper article presented the \Ihard\j\b\i facts' (= bare, indisputable).
d) 'he drives a \Ihard\j\b\i bargain' (= severe).
e) 'to pay in \Ihard\j\b\i cash' (= actual).
f) 'no \Ihard\j\b\i liquor is to be drunk at the party' (= strong).
g) 'a \Ihard\j\b\i worker' (= energetic).
\CX13.\j\b\i (of water) having mineral salts which prevent the lathering of soap.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of the sounds \Ic\j\b\i and \Ig\j\b\i) \Ppronoun\pced sharply as in \Icattle\j\b\i and \Igame\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhard and fast\j\b\i, 'a \Ihard and fast\j\b\i rule' (= firm, fixed).
\Bhard case\j\b\i, (of a person) unorthodox and unyielding.
\Bhard of hearing\j\b\i, partly deaf.
\Bhard up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) short of money.
\Bput the hard word on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to ask, especially a sexual or financial favour from.
\Bhard\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
solid: 'the concrete had set \Ihard\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'don't work too \Ihard\j\b\i' (= energetically).
b) 'the witness stared \Ihard\j\b\i at the suspect' (= intently).
c) 'it will go \Ihard\j\b\i with you if the job isn't done properly' (= severely, badly).
d) 'pursuers followed \Ihard\j\b\i on their heels' (= immediately, closely).
e) 'it rained \Ihard\j\b\i all night' (= heavily).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhard by\j\b\i, 'the Post Office is \Ihard by\j\b\i the general store' (= close to).
\Bhard put\j\b\i, 'she was \Ihard put\j\b\i to explain the money under her bed' (= in difficulty).
\Bhardness\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state or quality of being hard.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of minerals) the degree to which they may scratch or be scratched by another material. See \Jmohs scale\j\b\i.
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\Hhardback\h
\Pnoun\p a book bound with a stiff cover. Compare \Jpaperback\j\b\i.
#
\Hhard-baked\h
\Padjective\p callous or toughened by experience, etc.
#
\Hhard-bitten\h
\Padjective\p tough or stubborn: 'that politician is a \Ihard-bitten\j\b\i campaigner'.
#
\Hhardboard\h
\Pnoun\p a building material made of wood fibres pressed into sheets.
#
\Hhard coal\h
See \Janthracite\j\b\i.
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\Hhard copy\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i any printed output from a computer.
#
\Hhard core\h
a resistant central part of something: 'the \Ihard core\j\b\i of the movement refused to compromise on any issue'. \Bhard-core\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, deep-rooted or absolute; b) (of pornography) most obscene.
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\Hhard court\h
a tennis court of asphalt, clay or any surface but grass.
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\Hhard disk\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdisk\j\b\i.
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\Hhard drug\h
any drug, such as heroin, considered to cause addiction.
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\Hharden\h
\Pverb\p to make or become hard.
\Bhardening\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the process of becoming hard. b) an alloy or other material which hardens another.
#
\Hhard-fisted\h
\Padjective\p mean or stingy.
#
\Hhard-headed\h
\Padjective\p shrewd or practical, especially in business matters. \Bhard-headedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhard-hearted\h
\Padjective\p unfeeling or unsympathetic. \Bhard-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhard-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhardihood\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhardy\j\b\i.
#
\Hhard labour\h
the heavy manual labour formerly imposed on prisoners sentenced for serious crimes.
#
\Hhard line\h
an uncompromising stance or attitude: 'Lily takes a \Ihard line\j\b\i on sexism in books'.
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\Hhardly\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i barely or not quite: a) 'there is \Ihardly\j\b\i any water left'; b) 'it is \Ihardly\j\b\i true to say that'.
\CX12.\j\b\i severely or harshly: 'she claims that she has been \Ihardly\j\b\i done by'.
#
\Hhardness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhard\j\b\i.
#
\Hhard sell\h
the use of aggressive and insistent sales techniques. Compare \Jsoft sell\j\b\i.
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\Hhardship\h
\Pnoun\p a) a state of suffering, trial or severe need. b) something which causes such suffering: 'he said it would be a great \Ihardship\j\b\i to ride a bicycle to work'.
#
\Hhardware\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any articles such as cutlery, tools, building and gardening supplies, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a weapon or weapons, especially a gun.
\CX13.\j\b\i the physical components of a computer and its peripherals. Compare \Jsoftware\j\b\i.
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\Hhardwood\h
\Pnoun\p the compact wood from flowering deciduous trees, such as oak or mahogany. Compare \Jsoftwood\j\b\i.
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\Hhardy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i strong, durable or capable of resisting exposure, hardship, etc.: 'a \Ihardy\j\b\i breed of cattle developed in the harsh climate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i courageous or willing to face danger. \Bhardily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhardihood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, hardy character or boldness; \Bhardiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, strength, toughness or ability to endure.
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\Hhare\h
\Pnoun\p a mammal related to the rabbit but having longer ears and stronger hind legs. \Bhare\j\b\i (\Bhared\j\b\i, \Bharing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to run or move very fast.
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\Hharebrained\h
\Padjective\p reckless or rash.
#
\Hhare-lip\h
\Pnoun\p a deformed upper lip which has a vertical slit or slits in it. \Bhare-lipped\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hharem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hair\j\b\iem \Ior\j\b\i hah-\CX1reem\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) the women of a Moslem household, including wives, female relatives, concubines, etc. who live in a separate part of the house. b) the part of a house where the women live. Arabic \Iharim\j\b\i forbidden
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\Hharicot bean\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1harr\j\b\ii-ko been the edible, kidney-shaped seed of a variety of bean.
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\Hhark\h
\Pverb\p to listen.
\Bhark back\j\b\i, to refer back to an earlier subject.
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\Hharken\h
\Pverb\p See \Jhearken\j\b\i.
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\Hharlequin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1harl\j\b\ii-kwin \Padjective\p having bright or varied colours. after \IHarlequin\j\b\i, a traditional pantomime character who wears a mask and a brightly coloured costume with a diamond pattern
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\Hharlot\h
\Pnoun\p a prostitute. \Bharlotry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the practice of prostitution.
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\Hharm\h
\Pnoun\p damage: 'the prisoner was charged with causing grievous bodily \Iharm\j\b\i'.
\Bharm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to damage or hurt. \Bharmful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing or likely to cause harm; \Bharmfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharmless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not having the power or tendency to harm; \Bharmlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharmlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hharmonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i har-\CX1monn\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p also called an \Bovertone\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i any of the series of almost inaudible tones above the note played on e.g. a violin string, corresponding to the notes produced by [***1/2], [***1/3], [***1/4] etc., the length of the string and at the same intervals as the major diatonic scale.
\Bharmonics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the science or study of musical sounds. \Bharmonic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of harmony, b) relating to harmony or harmonics as distinct from rhythm or melody.
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\Hharmonica\h
\Isay\j\b\i har-\CX1monn\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the modern name for the \Bmouth organ\j\b\i, a small wind instrument with metal reeds.
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\Hharmonious\h
\Isay\j\b\i har-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i full of harmony: 'a \Iharmonious\j\b\i orchestra'.
\CX12.\j\b\i showing agreement in ideas, actions, etc.: 'a \Iharmonious\j\b\i relationship'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this building has a very \Iharmonious\j\b\i design' (= attractively combined). \Bharmoniously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharmoniousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hharmonium\h
\Isay\j\b\i har-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small reed organ in which air is pumped out through the reeds.
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\Hharmony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\ima-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of agreement or pleasing arrangement: 'they live in perfect \Iharmony\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the blending of different notes to make chords. b) the science of the structure or combination of chords.
\Bharmonise\j\b\i, \Bharmonize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to bring into harmony.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) to play or sing in harmony. b) to add notes in harmony with a main melody. \Bharmonisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iharmonia\j\b\i a fitting together
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\Hharness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\i-niss \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the straps and fittings by which a horse or other animal pulls a vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i any arrangement of straps, etc. by which something is attached or raised.
\CX13.\j\b\i an old word for armour.
\Bin harness\j\b\i, at one's regular work.
\Bharness\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put on a harness.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iharnessed\j\b\i his energy for the task' (= directed, organised).
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\Hharp\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a large instrument with strings set in a triangular frame and plucked with the fingers.
\Bharp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to play on a harp.
\Bharp on\j\b\i, \Bharp upon\j\b\i, to speak about or insist on tediously. \Bharpist\j\b\i, \Bharper\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who plays a harp.
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\Hharpoon\h
\Pnoun\p a barbed spear attached to a line, thrown by hand or shot from a gun, used for catching whales or fish. \Bharpoon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hharpsichord\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1harp\j\b\isi-kord \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a keyboard instrument in which the strings are sounded by a plucking mechanism. \Bharpsichordist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hharpy\h
\Pnoun\p a scheming or cruel person. after a \IHarpy\j\b\i, a creature in Greek mythology, with the head of a woman and the body of a bird
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\Hharridan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1harr\j\b\ii-d'n \Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory, often sexist\j\b\i) a malicious old woman.
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\Hharrier (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i barrier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who harries.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various slim, low-flying hawks with long wings and tail.
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\Hharrier (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i barrier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a breed of small hounds trained to hunt hares.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cross-country runner.
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\Hharrow\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i barrow \Pnoun\p a heavy frame set with spikes or discs, used to level soil, cover seed, break clods, etc.
\Bharrowing\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
extremely distressing or disturbing. \Bharrowingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharrow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to break or level soil with a harrow.
to harass or torment by repeated attacks, demands, etc.
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\Hharsh\h
\Padjective\p disagreeable, rough or jarring to the senses: 'a \Iharsh\j\b\i wind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the prisoners complained of poor food and \Iharsh\j\b\i treatment' (= severe, cruel). \Bharshly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bharshness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhart\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bharts\j\b\i or \Bhart\j\b\i
a stag.
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\Hhartebeest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\iti-beest \Pnoun\p a large African antelope with a long face and ringed horns.
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\Hharum-scarum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hair\j\b\i'm-\CX1skair\j\b\i'm \Padjective\p reckless or wild. \Bharum-scarum\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, recklessly; \Bharum-scarum\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a reckless person.
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\Hharvest\h
\Pnoun\p a) the gathering of a crop or crops. b) the crop, especially grain, which is gathered. c) the season when crops are gathered.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'success was the \Iharvest\j\b\i of her efforts' (= product, result).
b) 'a \Iharvest\j\b\i of gifts' (= store, supply).
\Bharvest\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to gather or collect, especially a crop. \Bharvester\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or machine that harvests crops.
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\Hharvest festival\h
a thanksgiving service after the harvest, when churches are decorated with corn, fruit, flowers, etc.
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\Hharvest moon\h
the full moon which occurs nearest to the autumn equinox, when the moon rises at almost the same time for several nights.
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\Hhas\h
\Pverb\p the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bhave\j\b\i.
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\Hhas-been\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that is no longer successful, popular, useful, etc.
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\Hhash (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dish of small pieces of meat cooked or reheated with vegetables.
\CX12.\j\b\i a jumble or muddle.
\Bmake a hash of\j\b\i, to ruin or make a mess of something. \Bhash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make into a hash. French \Ihache\j\b\i an axe
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\Hhash (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) hashish.
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\Hhashish\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bhash\j\b\i
the concentrated resin from the flowering tops of the Indian hemp plant, smoked or eaten as a narcotic. Arabic, dried herb
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\Hhasp\h
\Isay\j\b\i hahsp \Pnoun\p a fastener for a door, etc., consisting of a metal plate which fits over a U-shaped staple and is secured by a padlock or pin.
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\Hhassle\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to harass or trouble. \Bhassle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhassock\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hass\j\b\i-uk \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick cushion for kneeling.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tuft or clump of thick grass.
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\Hhast\h
\Pverb\p the old form of the second person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bhave\j\b\i.
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\Hhaste\h
\Pnoun\p speed or hurry in actions: 'this letter is written in \Ihaste\j\b\i'.
\CX11.\j\b\i moving, made or performed with haste: 'this is only a \Ihasty\j\b\i visit'.
\CX12.\j\b\i irritable or easily angered. \Bhastily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhastiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhat\h
\Pnoun\p any shaped covering for the head, worn for decoration or protection.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat the drop of a hat\j\b\i, without hesitation.
\Bpass the hat around\j\b\i, to ask for donations.
\Btalk through one's hat\j\b\i, to talk nonsense.
\Bunder one's hat\j\b\i, 'keep this information \Iunder your hat\j\b\i' (= secret, confidential). \Bhat\j\b\i (\Bhatted\j\b\i, \Bhatting\j\b\i) \Iverb\j\b\i, to put on or provide with a hat.
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\Hhatch (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) to produce offspring from eggs. b) to break out of an egg.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has \Ihatched\j\b\i a new scheme' (= produced). \Bhatch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhatchery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place for hatching eggs.
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\Hhatch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) an opening in a floor, wall, ceiling, etc. b) a cover for such an opening. \Bhatchway\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the opening of a hatch or trapdoor, especially in a ship's deck.
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\Hhatch (3)\h
\Pverb\p \IArt:\j\b\i to draw a series of close parallel lines, as in shading or etching. \Bhatch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a line used when drawing shade; \Bhatching\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a series of such lines.
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\Hhatchet\h
\Pnoun\p a short-handled axe or tomahawk.
\Bbury the hatchet\j\b\i, to make peace.
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\Hhatchet face\h
a long face with sharp features. \Bhatchet-faced\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhate\h
\Pverb\p to have a passionate or strong dislike for someone or something. \Bhate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a feeling of strong or passionate dislike, b) something which is hated.
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\Hhateful\h
\Padjective\p detestable or provoking hate. \Bhatefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhatefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhath\h
\Pverb\p the old form of the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bhave\j\b\i.
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\Hhatred\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-trid \Pnoun\p a hate or passionate dislike.
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\Hhatter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or sells hats.
\Bmad as a hatter\j\b\i, mad or eccentric.
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\Hhat-trick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i the achievement of a bowler taking three wickets with three successive balls.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar achievement of three wins or successes in a row.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pull or drag, usually with considerable effort: 'Rebecca \Ihauled\j\b\i the other children to safety'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to transport goods, especially in a road vehicle.
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i to change course or direction: 'the ship \Ihauled\j\b\i about to search for the missing man'.
\Bhaul\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of hauling or pulling.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there was a heavy \Ihaul\j\b\i of fish in the net' (= quantity).
b) 'on the map it's a long \Ihaul\j\b\i to the next large town' (= distance).
c) 'the robbers divided up their \Ihaul\j\b\i' (= loot, takings).
\Bhaulage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of hauling or transporting.
\CX12.\j\b\i the cost of hauling, transport, etc. \Bhaulier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or business concerned with haulage.
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\Hhaunch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the upper thigh and buttock: 'he was squatting on his \Ihaunches\j\b\i waiting for us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the hindquarter of an animal.
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\Hhaunt\h
\Pverb\p to visit or appear repeatedly as a ghost or spirit: 'the spirit of the murdered prince \Ihaunts\j\b\i the castle'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was \Ihaunted\j\b\i by her memories' (= disturbed, worried).
b) 'he \Ihaunts\j\b\i second-hand shops' (= often visits).
\Bhaunt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a place which is frequently visited: 'the \Ihaunts\j\b\i of his student days'. \Bhaunted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) visited or occupied by ghosts, b) deeply worried or disturbed; \Bhaunting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) fascinating, b) recurring.
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\Hhautboy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hote\j\b\i-boy \Pnoun\p an old word for an oboe. French \Ihaut\j\b\i high + \Ibois\j\b\i wood
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\Hhaute couture\h
\Isay\j\b\i ote koo-\CX1tew\j\b\ier the most fashionable or elegant clothes, made by the leading fashion designers. French, high fashion
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\Hhauteur\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1ter\j\b\i \Pnoun\p haughtiness or arrogance. French
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\Hhave\h
\Pverb\p (I \Bhave\j\b\i; he, she, it \Bhas\j\b\i; we, you, they \Bhave\j\b\i; \Bhad\j\b\i, \Bhaving\j\b\i; \Iold forms:\j\b\i thou \Bhast\j\b\i, he, she, it \Bhath\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to possess: 'the family \Ihas\j\b\i three cars'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they were \Ihad\j\b\i by glamorous advertising' (= tricked, taken in).
b) 'will you \Ihave\j\b\i sugar?' (= take).
c) 'I hope you \Ihave\j\b\i a good weekend' (= enjoy, experience).
d) 'she is the best dentist to be \Ihad\j\b\i' (= obtained).
g) 'she \Ihas\j\b\i a bad cold' (= is suffering from).
h) 'they \Ihad\j\b\i a game of chess last night' (= engaged in).
i) '\Ihave\j\b\i her phone me as soon as possible' (= cause to, urge).
j) 'she said her mother won't \Ihave\j\b\i it' (= permit).
k) 'when the fingerprints matched, the police knew they \Ihad\j\b\i him' (= held at a disadvantage).
l) 'rumour \Ihas\j\b\i it that he dances in a club' (= asserts).
m) 'the cat \Ihad\j\b\i three kittens' (= gave birth to).
\CX12.\j\b\i special use with past participles to express completed actions: a) 'she \Ihas finished\j\b\i her meal'; b) 'she \Ihad finished\j\b\i her meal when they arrived'; c) 'she will \Ihave finished\j\b\i by then'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhad better\j\b\i, 'we \Ihad better\j\b\i post this letter now' (= ought to, should).
\Bhave had it\j\b\i, a) 'we can't use his car because it \Ihas\j\b\i really \Ihad it\j\b\i' (= is beyond repair).
\Bhave it in for\j\b\i, to hold a grudge against.
\Bhave it out\j\b\i, to come to a final settlement or decision.
\Bhave on\j\b\i, to tease or deceive.
\Bhave to\j\b\i, 'she \Ihas to\j\b\i be at work by eight' (= must, is required to).
\Bhave up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she was \Ihad up\j\b\i for careless driving' (= brought before a court).
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\Hhaven\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\i-v'n \Pnoun\p a place of shelter or safety, such as a harbour for ships.
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\Hhaversack\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1havv\j\b\ia-sak \Pnoun\p any of various light packs carried on the back, especially by hikers or soldiers.
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\Hhavoc\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1havv\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p destruction, damage or chaos.
\Bplay havoc with\j\b\i, to destroy or ruin.
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\Hhawk (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general term for birds of prey which hunt during the day, including falcons, buzzards, harriers, kites and ospreys, but excluding eagles and vultures.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various swift low-flying birds with short wings and long tails, such as sparrowhawks and goshawks.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who is agressive or militant. Compare \Jdove\j\b\i. \Bhawkish\j\b\i, fierce; \Bhawker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hunts with hawks.
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\Hhawk (2)\h
\Pverb\p to offer goods for sale by going from house to house. \Bhawker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hawks goods.
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\Hhawk-eyed\h
\Padjective\p having keen or sharp eyesight.
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\Hhawser\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a thick rope or cable.
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\Hhawthorn\h
\Pnoun\p a thorny shrub or tree with white or pink blossom and red berries (called haws), often used to form hedges.
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\Hhay\h
\Pnoun\p any cut grass which is dried and used as fodder. Compare \Jstraw\j\b\i.
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\Hhaycock\h
\Pnoun\p a small pile of hay left in a field to dry.
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\Hhay fever\h
\IMedicine:\j\b\i an allergy due to sensitivity to certain pollens, causing frequent sneezing, blocked nasal passages and redness and watering of the eyes.
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\Hhaystack\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bhayrick\j\b\i
a large pile of hay stored in the open air, sometimes with a cover.
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\Hhaywire\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy or out of control: 'the plan went \Ihaywire\j\b\i from the beginning'.
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\Hhazard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hazz\j\b\i'rd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a risk or source of danger: 'poorly marked signs are a road \Ihazard\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a game of chance played with two dice.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i an obstacle such as a bunker, water, rough grass, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i pocketing the object ball (winning hazard) or one's own ball off another (losing hazard).
\Bhazard\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to risk or venture, especially when the result is in doubt: 'to \Ihazard\j\b\i a guess'. \Bhazardous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dangerous or risky; \Bhazardously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhazardousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Arabic \Iaz-zahr\j\b\i the die
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\Hhaze\h
\Pnoun\p a suspension of fine dust, smoke or vapour particles in the air, which reduces visibility.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's always in a \Ihaze\j\b\i first thing in the morning' (= vague state of mind). \Bhaze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to become misty or blurred; \Bhazy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) misty, b) dim or vague.
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\Hhazel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hayz\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small, European evergreen tree or shrub which produces edible nuts. b) any of several Australian shrubs unrelated to the European tree.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, yellowish-brown colour. \Bhazel\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhazelnut\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HH-bomb\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bhydrogen bomb\j\b\i See \Jnuclear weapon\j\b\i.
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\Hhe\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bthey\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the third person singular nominative \Ppronoun\p, used to indicate a male: '\Ihe\j\b\i ate the cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (sometimes used to represent any person whose sex is not specified) '\Ihe\j\b\i who hesitates is lost'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (used as a \Pnoun\p) 'is the cat a \Ihe\j\b\i?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (used in combination to indicate a male) 'a \Ihe-goat\j\b\i'. See \Jhim\j\b\i, \Bhis\j\b\i and \Bshe\j\b\i. \Bhe/his\j\b\i were considered until relatively recently to be perfectly acceptable when used not only to describe someone known to be male but also to describe someone whose sex was unknown: 'each pupil should have his own book'. The rise of the women's movement challenged this on the grounds that it was insulting or unfair to females. Nowadays people try to avoid the masculine bias. See Gender-specific Language in Appendices.
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\Hhead\h
\Isay\j\b\i hed \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of the body above the neck, containing the brain, eyes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a head: a) 'a \Ihead\j\b\i of cabbage'; b) 'the \Ihead\j\b\i of a nail'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the leader, commander or chief executive of a nation, institution, company, etc.: 'the \IHead\j\b\i of State'. b) the headmaster or headmistress of a school.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you are now a \Ihead\j\b\i taller than your mother' (= a head's height).
b) 'the tickets are $60 a \Ihead\j\b\i' (= person).
c) 'Ellie has a great \Ihead\j\b\i for figures' (= ability).
d) 'I had a terrible \Ihead\j\b\i all morning' (= headache).
e) 'at last we reached the \Ihead\j\b\i of the queue' (= front).
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i a small magnetic device across which the tape passes in a tape-recorder. The \Brecording head\j\b\i transmits on to tape the electronic signal of the sound being recorded. The \Bplaying head\j\b\i changes the recorded signal on a tape into sounds which are amplified.
\CX15.\j\b\i the foam on a liquid which has just been poured, especially beer.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who habitually uses or is addicted to drugs.
\CX17.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the side of a coin bearing the image of a head.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbite one's head off\j\b\i, 'you \Ibit my head off\j\b\i when I gave you that advice' (= replied angrily).
\Bcome to a head\j\b\i, to come to a crisis.
\Bgo to one's head\j\b\i, 'success has \Igone to his head\j\b\i' (= made him conceited).
\Bhead over heels\j\b\i, a) she tumbled \Ihead over heels\j\b\i into the haystack' (= rolling, somersaulting); b) 'they are \Ihead over heels\j\b\i in love' (= completely).
\Bheads or tails\j\b\i, a call made before tossing a coin to guess which side up it will fall.
\Blose one's head\j\b\i, to panic.
\Bmake head or tail of\j\b\i, 'I cannot \Imake head or tail of\j\b\i this letter' (= understand at all).
\Boff, out of one's head\j\b\i, mad.
\Boff the top of one's head\j\b\i, 'she gave the answer \Ioff the top of her head\j\b\i' (= without reflection, from memory).
\Bon one's own head\j\b\i, 'the result of your actions must be \Ion your own head\j\b\i' (= your own responsibility).
\Bover one's head\j\b\i, a) 'we went \Iover her head\j\b\i with our demands' (= to a higher authority); b) 'that book is way \Iover my head\j\b\i' (= beyond my understanding).
\Bturn somebody's head\j\b\i, 'don't let their flattery \Iturn your head\j\b\i' (= make you vain).
\Bhead\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to lead or be in front of.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISoccer:\j\b\i to propel or direct the ball with the head; an attempt at goal in this way is called a \Bheader\j\b\i.
\Bhead off\j\b\i, '\Ihead off\j\b\i those sheep before they reach the gate' (= intercept). \Bhead\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a position of leadership or authority.
#
\Hheadache\h
\Pnoun\p a pain in the head.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her continual complaints are a real \Iheadache\j\b\i to the police' (= problem, trouble).
#
\Hheaddress\h
\Pnoun\p a covering or decoration for the head.
#
\Hheader\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a headfirst dive or fall.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFarming:\j\b\i See \Jreaper\j\b\i under \Breap\j\b\i.
#
\Hheadfirst\h
\Padverb\p with the head first.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she always goes \Iheadfirst\j\b\i into new adventures' (= rashly, recklessly).
#
\Hhead-hunting\h
\Pnoun\p a) the practice among some tribes of cutting off the heads of enemies and keeping them as trophies or charms. b) the practice of approaching selected executives to persuade them to apply for or fill a business position. \Bhead-hunter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheading\h
\Pnoun\p a group of words printed at the top of an article, page of a book, etc. to indicate what follows.
#
\Hheadland\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpromontory\j\b\i
a piece of land which juts out into the sea.
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\Hheadlight\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bheadlamp\j\b\i
any of the large lights at the front of a motor vehicle.
#
\Hheadline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INewspapers:\j\b\i the title of an article or a news heading printed in large, bold type.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a broadcast summary of news.
#
\Hheadlock\h
\Pnoun\p \IWrestling:\j\b\i a hold in which the wrestler's arm is curled tightly around the opponent's head and neck.
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\Hheadlong\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p headfirst.
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\Hheadmaster\h
\Pnoun\p the male teacher in charge of a school.
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\Hheadmistress\h
\Pnoun\p the female teacher in charge of a school.
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\Hheadmost\h
\Padjective\p being the most advanced.
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\Hhead-on\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p with the front parts meeting first: 'a \Ihead-on\j\b\i collision'.
#
\Hheadphones\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bearphones\j\b\i or a \Bheadset\j\b\i
a pair of small speakers, one for each ear, mounted on a band, which can be connected to a radio, etc.
#
\Hheadpiece\h
\Pnoun\p any covering for the head, especially a helmet.
#
\Hheadquarters\h
plural \Pnoun\p the central office or building of an organisation.
#
\Hheadroom\h
\Pnoun\p the amount of space above or around a head or the top of something: 'the low ceilings left little \Iheadroom\j\b\i for those standing up'.
#
\Hheadset\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jheadphones\j\b\i.
#
\Hhead-shrinker\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bshrink\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a psychiatrist.
#
\Hheadstand\h
\Pnoun\p the act of balancing the body upright, using either the head or the arms as a support.
#
\Hheadstone\h
\Pnoun\p a gravestone.
#
\Hheadstrong\h
\Padjective\p obstinate or determined, especially about having one's own way.
#
\Hheadwaters\h
plural \Pnoun\p the upper tributaries of a river.
#
\Hheadway\h
\Pnoun\p any progress: 'police have made little \Iheadway\j\b\i in the difficult investigation'.
#
\Hheadwind\h
\Pnoun\p a wind blowing in the opposite direction to which a vehicle is travelling, thus decreasing its speed. Compare \Jtailwind\j\b\i.
#
\Hheadword\h
\Pnoun\p a word which heads or begins a paragraph, chapter, etc.
#
\Hheady\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an intoxicating effect.
\CX12.\j\b\i impulsive or rash.
#
\Hheal\h
\Pverb\p to make or become healthy, whole or free of disease. \Bhealing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to heal; \Bhealer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhealth\h
\Isay\j\b\i helth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a normal functioning of the body and mind.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person's mental or physical state: 'his \Ihealth\j\b\i is no longer good'.
\Bdrink a person's health\j\b\i, to drink a toast to.
\Bhealthy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in good health: 'a \Ihealthy\j\b\i athlete'.
\CX12.\j\b\i good for the health: 'a \Ihealthy\j\b\i climate'.
\CX13.\j\b\i characteristic of health: 'a \Ihealthy\j\b\i appearance'. \Bhealthily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhealthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhealthful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhealth food\h
assorted foods with a high nutritional content which are usually free from artificial preservatives, colourings, etc.
#
\Hheap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pile.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we have \Iheaps\j\b\i of time before the plane leaves' (= plenty).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something very old or in bad condition, such as an old car.
\Bheap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pile up or put in a heap.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has \Iheaped\j\b\i up many debts' (= accumulated).
b) 'insults were \Iheaped\j\b\i on the head of the unfortunate officials' (= cast).
a) 'I \Ihear\j\b\i that you are going away' (= have been told).
b) 'do you ever \Ihear\j\b\i from your brother?' (= get news).
c) 'you must \Ihear\j\b\i this new record' (= listen to).
d) 'the judge \Iheard\j\b\i several minor cases this morning' (= presided over).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhear out\j\b\i, 'please \Ihear out\j\b\i my speech before asking questions' (= listen to the end of).
\Bnot hear of\j\b\i, 'she \Iwould not hear of\j\b\i us paying for dinner' (= refused to allow).
#
\Hhearing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power or faculty by which sound is perceived: 'the old man's \Ihearing\j\b\i is not good'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the opportunity of being heard: 'please give us a \Ihearing\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a court \Ihearing\j\b\i' (= trial).
\CX13.\j\b\i the range within which something can be heard: 'we called for help but no-one was within \Ihearing\j\b\i'.
#
\Hhearken\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\ik'n \Pverb\p also spelt \Bharken\j\b\i
an old word meaning to listen.
#
\Hhearsay\h
\Pnoun\p any rumour or gossip.
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\Hhearse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i purse \Pnoun\p any vehicle for carrying a corpse to the place of burial or cremation.
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\Hheart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the muscular pump within the chest which circulates the blood.
\CX12.\j\b\i one's emotions, affections or capacity for love, as distinct from the intellect: 'a kind \Iheart\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i courage or enthusiasm: 'he has no \Iheart\j\b\i for fighting'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the centre or most important part of anything: 'the \Iheart\j\b\i of the matter is this'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) a red figure like a heart on a playing card. b) a playing card with this figure. c) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the suit with this figure.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bafter one's own heart\j\b\i, 'when it comes to wines, you are a person \Iafter my own heart\j\b\i' (= who shares my tastes, etc.).
\Bbe close to one's heart\j\b\i, 'social inequality is an issue that is very \Iclose to his heart\j\b\i' (= deeply affects him).
\Bby heart\j\b\i, 'please learn these rules \Iby heart\j\b\i' (= by memory).
\Bhave a heart\j\b\i, '\Ihave a heart\j\b\i and let me get some rest' (= be sympathetic or merciful).
\Bhave at heart\j\b\i, 'I am sure they \Ihave\j\b\i your interests \Iat heart\j\b\i' (= are concerned about).
\Bhave one's heart in one's mouth\j\b\i, to be afraid.
\Bin one's heart of hearts\j\b\i, '\Iin my heart of hearts\j\b\i I knew she was right' (= deep inside me).
\Blose one's heart to\j\b\i, 'he \Ilost his heart to\j\b\i the smallest kitten in the litter' (= fell in love with).
\Bset one's heart at rest\j\b\i, to relax or remove anxiety.
\Btake to heart\j\b\i, 'do not \Itake\j\b\i their jokes so much \Ito heart\j\b\i' (= think seriously about, grieve over).
\Bwear one's heart on one's sleeve\j\b\i, to display one's feelings too openly.
#
\Hheartache\h
\Pnoun\p a painful sorrow or unhappiness.
#
\Hheart attack\h
also called a \Bcoronary occlusion\j\b\i
a deficiency in blood supplied to the heart muscle due to a blockage in an artery, leading to reduced efficiency of blood pumping.
#
\Hheartbroken\h
\Padjective\p overcome with grief, misery, etc. \Bheartbrokenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bheartbreak\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an overwhelming sorrow or grief; \Bheartbreaking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hheartburn\h
\Pnoun\p a burning sensation in the chest due to excess acid in the stomach.
#
\Hhearten\h
\Pverb\p to cheer up or encourage.
#
\Hheartfelt\h
\Padjective\p deeply felt or sincere.
#
\Hhearth\h
\Isay\j\b\i harth \Pnoun\p the floor of a fireplace and the area around it.
#
\Hheartily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jhearty\j\b\i.
#
\Hheartless\h
\Padjective\p cruel or without mercy. \Bheartlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bheartlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheart-lung machine\h
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a machine used to take over and perform the functions of a patient's heart and lungs during an operation on the heart or lungs.
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\Hheart murmur\h
a sound which indicates an irregular flow of blood in the heart.
#
\Hheart-rending\h
\Padjective\p causing or expressing great grief.
#
\Hheartsick\h
\Padjective\p greatly unhappy or disappointed.
#
\Hheart-stricken\h
\Padjective\p full of grief or anguish.
#
\Hheartstrings\h
plural \Pnoun\p one's deepest or strongest feelings.
#
\Hheart-throb\h
\Pnoun\p a person with whom one is infatuated.
#
\Hheart-to-heart\h
\Padjective\p frank or sincere.
#
\Hhearty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1har\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i enthusiastic, friendly or sincere.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the condition or sensation of being hot: 'the \Iheat\j\b\i of a tropical summer is very tiring'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in the \Iheat\j\b\i of the argument many insults were exchanged' (= intensity of feeling).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a form of energy, causing or caused by the vibrations of the molecules of a substance.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a period of sexual urge in animals during the breeding season.
\CX14.\j\b\i a single division in a competition, the winner of which takes part in further or final rounds. \Bheat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become hot; \Bheater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any device for heating, such as a radiator; \Bheatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, vehemently.
#
\Hheat capacity\h
also called \Bwater equivalent\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance 1░C.
#
\Hheath\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of flat land covered with low shrubby vegetation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any of a group of small Australian plants with purple, red, pink or white trumpet-shaped flowers. The floral emblem of Victoria. b) a low, evergreen shrub.
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\Hheathen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who does not worship the God of the established religions.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a person regarded as irreligious or barbaric. \Bheathenish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bheathenism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheather\h
\Isay\j\b\i he\CX1th\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a type of low, evergreen shrub, usually growing on moors.
#
\Hheatstroke\h
\Pnoun\p a fever or collapse due to exposure to excessive heat and dehydration.
#
\Hheatwave\h
\Pnoun\p a period of unusually hot weather.
#
\Hheave\h
\Pverb\p (\Bheaved\j\b\i or \Bhove\j\b\i (Nautical), \Bheaving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to raise, lift or throw with an effort.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his chest \Iheaved\j\b\i with the effort of coughing' (= rose and fell).
b) 'she \Iheaved\j\b\i a sigh of relief as the last guest departed' (= uttered).
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i to cause a ship to move in a certain direction.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bheave in sight\j\b\i, 'just at that moment the ship \Ihove in sight\j\b\i' (= appeared).
\Bheave to\j\b\i, to stop the forward movement of a ship, especially by heading into the wind. \Bheave\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheaven\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i seven \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the place where gods, angels and other supernatural beings live. b) (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the place of reward for the righteous or faithful. Compare \Jhell\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place or condition of extreme bliss or happiness.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the sky.
\Bseventh heaven\j\b\i, a state of extreme happiness.
\Bheavenly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or belonging to heaven or the heavens.
\CX12.\j\b\i excellent, pleasing or beautiful. \Bheavens\j\b\i!, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, an exclamation of surprise.
#
\Hheaven-sent\h
\Padjective\p being provided by a miracle or extreme good fortune.
#
\Hheavy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hevv\j\b\iee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having great weight, size or force.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Iheavy\j\b\i heart' (= sad, depressed).
b) 'he is quite a \Iheavy\j\b\i smoker' (= habitual).
c) 'the \Iheavy\j\b\i movements of an elephant' (= slow, deliberate).
d) 'the \Iheavy\j\b\i lettering caught his eye' (= thick, dark).
e) 'they found the climb very \Iheavy\j\b\i going' (= difficult).
f) 'we felt the poetry was rather \Iheavy\j\b\i' (= dull, uninteresting).
g) 'she was not used to such \Iheavy\j\b\i food' (= hard to digest).
h) 'a \Iheavy\j\b\i sky indicates rain' (= dark, cloudy).
i) 'the roads were \Iheavy\j\b\i after the storm' (= wet, difficult to travel).
\CX12.\j\b\i concerning the manufacture of goods of more than the usual weight: '\Iheavy\j\b\i industry'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) unduly serious or depressing. b) brutally aggressive.
\Bheavy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a villainous or tragic role in a play, film, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person of great influence or importance. b) a thug or tough person. \Bheaviness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bheavily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hheavy-duty\h
\Padjective\p designed for strength and durability.
#
\Hheavy-handed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i oppressive or harsh: 'the \Iheavy-handed\j\b\i dictator showed no sympathy to the peasants'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lacking delicacy or subtlety. \Bheavy-handedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheavy metal\h
a type of rock music characterised by loud vocals and heavily amplified guitars and drums, and underscored by a combination of pulsing bass drum and bass guitar.
#
\Hheavy water\h
See \Jdeuterium\j\b\i.
#
\Hheavyweight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the heaviest weight division in boxing, equal to about 80 kg.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal)\j\b\i a person of great influence or importance.
#
\HHebrew\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\i-broo \Pnoun\p the ancient Jewish language used in the Old Testament and now the official language of Israel. \BHebrew\j\b\i, \BHebraic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hee-\CX1bray\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
#
\Hheck\h
interjection a euphemism for hell.
#
\Hheckle\h
\Pverb\p to disturb or harass with persistent questions, interruptions, etc. \Bheckler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who heckles.
#
\Hhectare\h
\Pnoun\p a metric unit of area used in land measurement, equal to 10{\shad \j\b\i000{\shad \j\b\im{\up6 2\j\b\i.
#
\Hhectic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i full of energetic activity, haste, confusion, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i feverish. \Bhectically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bhectic\j\b\i originally had nothing to do with the busy activity with which we associate it today. Originally it described suffering from a fever of the kind found in tuberculosis and then went on also to mean fevered or red: 'a \Ihectic\j\b\i colour on her cheeks'. In the 20th century it came to mean the kind of rushing activity that causes this fevered look.
#
\Hhecto-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one hundred (10{\up6 2\j\b\i). Greek
#
\Hhector\h
\Pverb\p to treat in a bullying, domineering way.
#
\Hhedge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a row of similar shrubs, usually cut evenly and grown close together to form a boundary or barrier.
\CX12.\j\b\i any method of protection against loss: 'he bought mining shares as a \Ihedge\j\b\i against inflation'.
\Bhedge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to surround or enclose with a hedge.
\CX12.\j\b\i to avoid direct commitment by evasive answers to questions, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to protect oneself against loss.
\Bhedge in\j\b\i, 'he felt \Ihedged in\j\b\i by rules and regulations' (= restricted).
#
\Hhedgehog\h
\Pnoun\p a small, noctural, pig-snouted mammal, related to shrews and moles, which has a protective coat of long spines.
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\Hhedonism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1heed\j\b\i'n-izm \Ior\j\b\i \CX1hed\j\b\i'n-izm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that happiness or pleasure is the chief or proper aim in life. \Bhedonistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i heed'n-\CX1ist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhedonistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhedonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheebie-jeebies\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of nervousness.
#
\Hheed\h
\Pverb\p to listen or pay attention to. \Bheed\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, attention; \Bheedful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, attentive; \Bheedless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hheel (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the rear part of the foot below the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a shoe, sock, etc. covering the heel.
\CX13.\j\b\i something with the shape, position or function of a heel: 'the \Iheel\j\b\i of a golf club'.
\CX14.\j\b\i an untrustworthy or contemptible person.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat, on one's heels\j\b\i, behind one.
\Bcome to heel\j\b\i, a) (of a dog) to come and stay at heel; b) to submit to authority.
\Bcool, kick one's heels\j\b\i, to wait or be kept waiting.
\Bdig one's heels in\j\b\i, to maintain one's position obstinately.
\Bdown at heel\j\b\i, shabby or untidy.
\Bkick up one's heels\j\b\i, 'let's \Ikick up our heels\j\b\i and celebrate' (= have fun).
\Bshow a clean pair of heels to\j\b\i, 'the winner of the race \Ishowed a clean pair of heels to\j\b\i all the other competitors' (= far outdistanced).
\Btake to one's heels\j\b\i, to run away.
\Bheel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put a heel or heels on: 'I must have my shoes \Iheeled\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to follow close behind: 'he could not persuade his dog to \Iheel\j\b\i'. \Bheeler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a dog which heels.
#
\Hheel (2)\h
\Pverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i to lean or cause to lean to one side.
#
\Hhefty\h
\Padjective\p heavy and strong.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ihefty\j\b\i tax' (= large). \Bheftiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhegemony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1heg\j\b\iimma-nee \Pnoun\p a leadership or powerful influence, especially of one state or country over others.
#
\Hheifer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1heff\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a cow under three years of age which has not yet had a calf.
#
\Hheight\h
\Isay\j\b\i hite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the distance from the bottom or a given level to the top of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i a high level, place or part.
\CX13.\j\b\i the highest level or degree: 'she dressed in the \Iheight\j\b\i of fashion'.
\Bheighten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to increase in height or intensity: 'his anger was \Iheightened\j\b\i by their childish comments'.
#
\Hheinous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\inus \Ior\j\b\i \CX1hay\j\b\inus \Padjective\p hateful or vile: 'a \Iheinous\j\b\i crime'. \Bheinously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bheinousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheir\h
\Isay\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who inherits, or will inherit, money, property, title, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person, group or society to which something such as tradition, ideas, etc. is passed on.
\Bheir apparent\j\b\i
plural is \Bheirs apparent\j\b\i
a person who has an unquestionable right to succeed to a throne or title.
\Bheir presumptive\j\b\i
a person who will succeed to a throne or title unless someone with a higher claim is born. \Bheiress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of heir.
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\Hheirloom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1air\j\b\i-loom \Pnoun\p any family possession passed down from generation to generation.
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\Hheist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i'st \Pnoun\p a robbery.
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\Hhejab\h
\Isay\j\b\i h'j\CX1ar\j\b\ib \Pnoun\p the traditional Islamic women's robe which reveals only the face and hands.
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\Hheld\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bhold (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hhelical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hell\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or shaped like a helix.
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\Hhelices\h
plural \Pnoun\p a plural of \Bhelix\j\b\i.
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\Hhelicopter\h
\Pnoun\p an aircraft which takes off vertically and which is supported and moved forward by a rotor. Greek \Iheliko-\j\b\i helix + \Ipteron\j\b\i wing
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\Hhelio-\h
a prefix meaning sun, as in \Iheliocentric\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hheliocentric\h
\Isay\j\b\i heelio-\CX1sen\j\b\itrik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the sun as a centre.
\CX12.\j\b\i measured or seen from the centre of the sun.
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\Hheliograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\ilio-graf \Pnoun\p a device for signalling by using a movable mirror to reflect sunlight in flashes. \Bheliograph\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hheliotrope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\ilio-trope \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any plant which turns towards the sun.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various South American plants with small, purplish flowers.
\CX13.\j\b\i a tint of purple.
\CX14.\j\b\i See \Jbloodstone\j\b\i. \Bheliotropic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhelipad\h
\Pnoun\p a landing place for helicopters.
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\Hheliport\h
\Pnoun\p a landing place for helicopters, often on the roof of a building.
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\Hhelium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\ili-um \Pnoun\p element number 2, a colourless, inert gas much lighter than air, traces of which are found in the earth's atmosphere and in natural gas. Greek \Ihelios\j\b\i sun
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\Hhelix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hee\j\b\ilix \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhelices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hell\j\b\ii-seez) or \Bhelixes\j\b\i
a spiral or coil, such as a corkscrew. Greek
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\Hhell\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the dwelling place of the dead, evil spirits and devils. Also called \BHades\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the place of punishment for the wicked. Compare \Jheaven\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i any place or condition of misery or unpleasantness.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor the hell of it\j\b\i, for fun or no particular reason.
\Bgo to hell!\j\b\i, an exclamation of abusive dismissal.
\Bhell for leather\j\b\i, at top speed.
\Bhell to pay\j\b\i, great trouble.
\Bplay hell with\j\b\i, 'this cold weather \Iplays hell with\j\b\i my rheumatism' (= causes trouble or injury to).
#
\Hhell-bent\h
\Padjective\p recklessly determined.
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\HHellenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hel-\CX1lenn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p a) of the modern Greeks. b) of the ancient Greeks, and their language and culture before the time of Alexander the Great, about 330 \Bb.c\j\b\i. \BHellene\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a Greek.
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\Hhellish\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) extremely unpleasant or difficult. \Bhellishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhellishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhello\h
interjection also spelt \Bhallo\j\b\i or \Bhullo\j\b\i
a cry of greeting or to attract attention.
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\Hhelm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the equipment for steering a boat, being a tiller or wheel connected to a rudder.
\CX12.\j\b\i any position of leadership or control. \Bhelmsman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhelmet\h
\Pnoun\p any of various protective coverings for the head.
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\Hhelminth\h
\Pnoun\p an internal parasitic worm.
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\Hhelp\h
\Pverb\p to make something easier, better or less painful for a person or thing: a) 'can I \Ihelp\j\b\i to carry your bags?'; b) 'this medicine \Ihelps\j\b\i me to sleep'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she couldn't \Ihelp\j\b\i laughing at the joke' (= stop herself from).
\Bhelp oneself to\j\b\i, to take.
\Bhelp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of helping or relieving: 'your \Ihelp\j\b\i is needed to reduce car accidents'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person or thing that helps: 'your suggestions have been a great \Ihelp\j\b\i to us'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the damage is done, and there is no \Ihelp\j\b\i for it now' (= way of remedying). \Bhelper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhelpful\h
\Padjective\p useful or giving help. \Bhelpfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhelpfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhelping\h
\Pnoun\p a quantity of food served to a person at one time.
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\Hhelpless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unable to stop oneself: 'she is a \Ihelpless\j\b\i liar'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having no help or remedy: 'a \Ihelpless\j\b\i situation'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the victim was left \Ihelpless\j\b\i by the roadside' (= unattended to).
b) 'I am quite \Ihelpless\j\b\i without my guide-dog' (= unable to cope). \Bhelplessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhelplessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhelpmate\h
\Pnoun\p a helpful friend or companion.
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\Hhelter-skelter\h
\Padverb\p in great haste or disorder.
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\HHelvetian\h
\Isay\j\b\i hel-\CX1vee\j\b\i-sh'n \Padjective\p of Switzerland and the Swiss. \BHelvetian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhem\h
\Pnoun\p the edge of a garment or cloth which has been turned under and sewn down.
\Bhem\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bhemmed\j\b\i, \Bhemming\j\b\i)
to fold back and sew down the edge of fabric, etc.
\Bhem in\j\b\i, \Bhem round\j\b\i, 'we were \Ihemmed in\j\b\i on all sides by shouting spectators' (= surrounded, enclosed).
#
\Hhe-man\h
\Pnoun\p a strong or aggressively masculine man.
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\Hhematite\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaematite\j\b\i.
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\Hhematology\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaematology\j\b\i.
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\Hhematosis\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaematosis\j\b\i.
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\Hhemi-\h
a prefix meaning half, as in \Ihemisphere\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hhemisphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hemm\j\b\ii-sfeer \Pnoun\p a half of a sphere, such as the Southern Hemisphere which is the half of the earth south of the equator. \Bhemispherical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hemmis-\CX1ferr\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bhemispheric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhemlock\h
\Pnoun\p a poisonous plant with finely divided leaves, purple spotted stems and small white flowers, used as a sedative.
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\Hhemoglobin\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaemoglobin\j\b\i.
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\Hhemophilia\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaemophilia\j\b\i.
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\Hhemorrhage\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaemorrhage\j\b\i.
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\Hhemorrhoid\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhaemorrhoid\j\b\i.
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\Hhemp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a tall, annual herb, originally from Asia, but now widely cultivated. b) the stem fibres of this plant, used to make rope, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i Indian hemp. See \Jmarijuana\j\b\i. \Bhempen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhen\h
\Pnoun\p a female bird, especially a female adult fowl.
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\Hhenbane\h
\Pnoun\p a poisonous Mediterranean plant with an unpleasant smell and yellowish flowers.
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\Hhence\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i for this reason.
\CX12.\j\b\i from this time: 'a week \Ihence\j\b\i we shall be in India'.
\Pnoun\p a follower or supporter, especially of a criminal, etc.
#
\Hhenna\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a shrub from North Africa and Asia, the leaves of which contain a reddish-orange dye, used in cosmetics and hair preparations.
\CX12.\j\b\i a colour varying from reddish-orange to coppery-brown.
#
\Hhenpecked\h
\Padjective\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) dominated or nagged by a woman.
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\Hhenry\h
\Pnoun\p the derived SI unit of inductance. after \IJ. Henry\j\b\i, 1797-1878, an American physicist
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\Hheparin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hepp\j\b\ia-rin \Pnoun\p a substance produced by the liver which stops the blood clotting.
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\Hhepatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hep-\CX1att\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the liver.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to liverworts. \Bhepatic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) any medicine which acts on the liver, b) a liverwort.
#
\Hhepatitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i heppa-\CX1tie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an infectious, viral inflammation of the liver, causing fever and jaundice, usually in young adults.
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\Hheptagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hep\j\b\ita-gon \Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with seven straight sides. \Bheptagonal\j\b\i,\Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hheptathlon\h
\Pnoun\p an athletics contest with seven different types of events.
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\Hher\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bthem\j\b\i
the objective form of the \Ppronoun\p \Bshe\j\b\i: a) 'he thanked \Iher\j\b\i'; b) 'give the cake to \Iher\j\b\i'.
\Bher\j\b\i \Ipossessive \Padjective\p\j\b\i
plural is \Btheir\j\b\i
belonging to the female referred to: 'it is \Iher\j\b\i cake'.
#
\Hherald\h
\Pnoun\p a messenger.
\Bherald\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to proclaim or usher in: 'the change of government \Iheralded\j\b\i many changes'.
#
\Hheraldry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\i'l-dree \Pnoun\p a) the art or science of tracing and recording the histories of families, their coats of arms, etc. b) any symbols or devices related to this process, such as coats of arms, armorial bearings, etc. \Bheraldic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1rald\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hherb\h
\Pnoun\p a) a flowering plant with a non-woody stem above the ground. b) any plant of this type used in medicine, cooking, etc. \Bherbaceous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1bay\j\b\ishus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, leafy or non-woody; \Bherbal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or consisting of herbs; \Bherbalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who uses herbs to treat diseases. Latin \Iherba\j\b\i grass
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\Hherbage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1her\j\b\ibij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any non-woody vegetation, especially that used for grazing.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fleshy, often edible parts of plants.
#
\Hherbarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1bair\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bherbaria\j\b\i or \Bherbariums\j\b\i
a) a collection of dried plants used for scientific study. b) the place in which such a collection is kept.
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\Hherbicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1biss\j\b\i-ide \Pnoun\p a chemical poison which acts on specific plants.
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\Hherbivorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1bivv\j\b\ierus \Padjective\p of or relating to an organism which eats plants. \Bherbivore\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1her\j\b\ibi-vor), \Inoun\j\b\i, a herbivorous animal. Latin \Iherba\j\b\i grass + \Ivorare\j\b\i to devour
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\Hherculean\h
\Isay\j\b\i herkew-\CX1lee\j\b\i-an \Padjective\p having or requiring great strength. after \IHercules\j\b\i, a hero in Greek and Roman mythology who was celebrated for his strength
#
\Hherd (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of animals, especially cattle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large group of people.
\Bherd\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to unite or assemble as a group.
#
\Hherd (2)\h
\Pverb\p to look after, drive or lead a group of cattle, sheep, etc. \Bherdsman\j\b\i, \Bherd\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, the keeper of a herd of cattle, sheep, etc.
#
\Hherd testing\h
the testing of dairy herds for disease, or to estimate milk production, etc. \Bherd tester\j\b\i, a person who tests dairy herds.
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\Hhere\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i at, to or in this place: a) 'put it \Ihere\j\b\i'; b) 'come \Ihere\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at this point: '\Ihere\j\b\i I would like to expand my argument'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhere and there\j\b\i, in or to various places.
\Bneither here nor there\j\b\i, irrelevant or unimportant.
\CX12.\j\b\i in the afterlife. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bhereafter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bhereby\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
by this means.
\Bherein\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in or into this place.
\Bhereinafter\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
afterwards in this document, etc.
\Bhereinbefore\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
before in this document, etc.
\Bhereof\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
of or about his.
\Bhereto\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
to this place, thing, etc.
\Bheretofore\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
before this time.
\Bhereunder\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i under this.
\CX12.\j\b\i under authority of this.
\Bhereupon\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
upon this.
\Bherewith\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i together with this.
\CX12.\j\b\i by means of this.
#
\Hhereditary\h
\Isay\j\b\i h'\CX1redd\j\b\ii-tree \Padjective\p derived or inherited from one's parents or ancestors: a) 'a \Ihereditary\j\b\i disease'; b) 'a \Ihereditary\j\b\i title'.
a) the transmitting of characteristics from parents to offspring through the genes. b) the characteristics transmitted. Latin \Iheredis\j\b\i of an heir
#
\Hheresy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\ia-see \Pnoun\p a) any belief or teaching which opposes an established doctrine, especially that of a church or religion. b) the holding of such opinions. \Bheretic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who holds such opinions; \Bheretical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i h'\CX1rett\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, expressing heresy; \Bheretically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ihairesis\j\b\i choice, a sect
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\Hheritage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\ii-tij \Pnoun\p a position, possession or privilege which is inherited.
#
\Hhermaphrodite\h
\Isay\j\b\i her-\CX1maf\j\b\ira-dite \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an animal or plant with both male and female reproductive organs. \Bhermaphroditic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i her-mafra-\CX1ditt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. after \IHermaphrodites\j\b\i, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology, who became united in one body with a nymph
\Pnoun\p a person who lives in seclusion, often for religious reasons. \Bhermitage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1her\j\b\ima-tij), \Inoun\j\b\i, a place of retreat or seclusion.
#
\Hhermit crab\h
any of various small organisms which protect themselves by living inside the cast-off shell of a mollusc.
#
\Hhernia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1her\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p also called a \Brupture\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i the protruding of an organ, such as the intestine, through the wall of its surrounding tissue.
#
\Hhero\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1heer\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bheroes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who displays courage or noble qualities.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main character in a story, play, film, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i brave, courageous or noble: 'she made a \Iheroic\j\b\i attempt to rescue the old couple'.
\CX12.\j\b\i adapted from or characteristic of classical epic poetry: '\Iheroic\j\b\i couplets'. \Bheroine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\io-in), \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of hero; \Bheroically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bheroics\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, melodramatic behaviour or language.
#
\Hheroin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\io-in \Pnoun\p a highly addictive drug made from morphine, originally used as a sedative.
#
\Hheroism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1herr\j\b\io-izm \Pnoun\p a) noble or heroic actions. b) the qualities of a hero or heroine.
#
\Hheron\h
\Pnoun\p a wading bird with long legs, neck and beak.
#
\Hhero-worship\h
\Pnoun\p an extreme admiration for another person. \Bhero-worship\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bhero-worshipper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hherpes\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1her\j\b\i-peez \Pnoun\p a viral disease which produces cold sores around the nose, mouth or genitals. Greek, a creeping infection
#
\Hherpetology\h
\Isay\j\b\i herpe-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of reptiles and amphibians. \Bherpetologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\HHerr\h
\Isay\j\b\i hair \Pnoun\p plural is \BHerren\j\b\i
the title for a German man.
#
\Hherring\h
\Pnoun\p a coldwater fish which is found in enormous shoals off Atlantic shores.
#
\Hherringbone\h
\Pnoun\p a pattern consisting of rows of slanted parallel lines, with the direction of the slant alternating from row to row, used in textiles, embroidery, etc.
#
\Hhers\h
possessive \Ppronoun\p plural is \Btheirs\j\b\i
belonging to her: 'the cake is \Ihers\j\b\i'.
#
\Hherself\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bshe\j\b\i: 'she washed \Iherself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bshe\j\b\i: 'she did it \Iherself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i her normal or usual self: 'for many weeks after the accident she was not \Iherself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
#
\Hhertz\h
\Isay\j\b\i hurts \Pnoun\p the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second. after \IHeinrich Hertz\j\b\i, 1857-94, a German physicist
#
\Hhertzian wave\h
See \Jelectromagnetic radiation\j\b\i.
#
\Hhesitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hezz\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to show uncertainty or unwillingness. \Bhesitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhesitant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, slow due to uncertainty; \Bhesitantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhesitance\j\b\i, \Bhesitancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ihaesitare\j\b\i to stick fast, stammer
#
\Hhessian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p also called \Bburlap\j\b\i
a strong, coarse fabric made from jute, used for sacks, etc.
#
\Hhetero-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hett\j\b\ia-ro a prefix meaning other or different, as in \Iheterosexual\j\b\i. Compare \Jhomo-\j\b\i. Greek
#
\Hheterodox\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hett\j\b\ia-ro-doks \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not agreeing with established or accepted beliefs, especially religious doctrine.
\Isay\j\b\i hetta-ro-\CX1seks\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p being sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex. \Bheterosexual\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a heterosexual person; \Bheterosexuality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hetta-ro-seks-yoo-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hheterotrophic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hetta-ro-\CX1troff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (of an organism) unable to make proteins and carbohydrates from simple substances. Compare \Jautotrophic\j\b\i. \Bheterotroph\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bhetero-\j\b\i + Greek \ItrophΘ\j\b\i nourishment
#
\Hhet-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anxious or worried.
#
\Hheuristic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1ris\j\b\itik \Padjective\p serving to find out or encourage investigation.
#
\Hhew\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhewed\j\b\i, \Bhewed\j\b\i or \Bhewn\j\b\i, \Bhewing\j\b\i)
to cut or chop. \Bhewer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhex\h
\Pverb\p to bewitch or cast a spell on. \Bhex\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a spell.
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\Hhexa-\h
a prefix meaning six, as in \Ihexagon\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hhexagon\h
\Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with six straight sides. \Bhexagonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i heks-\CX1agg\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhexagram\h
\Pnoun\p a six-pointed star formed by two intersecting equilateral triangles, such as the Star of David.
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\Hhexahedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i heksa-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a solid or hollow body with six plane faces. \Bhexahedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhexameter\h
\Isay\j\b\i heks-\CX1amm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a line with six metrical feet.
\IExample:\j\b\i 'dùwn in a deΘp dark hùle sat an ùld cow m£nching a beçnstalk'.
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\Hhexane\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, inflammable liquid (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I14\j\b\i), the sixth member of the alkane series and used as a fuel, especially in petrol.
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\Hhexose\h
\Pnoun\p any of a class of sugars containing six carbon atoms, such as glucose.
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\Hhey\h
interjection an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, etc., or used to attract attention.
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\Hheyday\h
\Pnoun\p the period of greatest prosperity, power, etc.
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\Hhey-presto\h
interjection an exclamation used at the end of some feat, trick or accomplishment.
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\Hhi\h
interjection an exclamation used as a greeting.
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\Hhiatus\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1ay\j\b\itus \Pnoun\p a gap or interruption. Latin
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\Hhibernal\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1bern\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or relating to winter.
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\Hhibernate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-ber-nate \Pverb\p \IBiology:\j\b\i to spend winter in a resting or inactive state.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after her death he \Ihibernated\j\b\i for many months' (= remained in seclusion). \Bhibernation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HHibernian\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1bern\j\b\iian \Padjective\p of Ireland, its people or their language.
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\Hhibiscus\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1bis\j\b\ikus \Pnoun\p a tropical shrub with brightly coloured flowers. Greek \Ihibiskos\j\b\i marshmallow
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\Hhiccup\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hik\j\b\i-up \Pnoun\p hiccough the short characteristic sound produced when the larynx closes involuntarily after a contraction of the diaphragm. \Bhiccup\j\b\i (\Bhiccupped\j\b\i, \Bhiccupping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhick\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unsophisticated person, especially one from the country.
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\Hhickory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hikk\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p any of a group of deciduous American trees with feather-like leaves, some varieties of which bear nuts such as the pecan, and others produce a high-quality wood.
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\Hhide (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhid\j\b\i, \Bhidden\j\b\i or \Bhid\j\b\i, \Bhiding\j\b\i)
to prevent from being seen or discovered: 'he \Ihid\j\b\i his true feelings'.
\Bhide one's head\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be ashamed.
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\Hhide (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the skin of an animal, such as a calf.
\Bneither hide nor hair\j\b\i, no sign or clue.
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\Hhide-and-seek\h
\Pnoun\p a children's game in which one person looks for all the other players, who hide.
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\Hhidebound\h
\Padjective\p being rigidly conventional in one's ideas.
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\Hhideous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hiddi\j\b\i-us \Padjective\p ugly or repulsive. \Bhideously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhideousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhideout\h
\Pnoun\p a hiding place.
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\Hhiding\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a flogging or thrashing.
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\Hhie\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhied\j\b\i, \Bhieing\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to hasten.
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\Hhierarch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hire\j\b\i-rark \Pnoun\p a person who has a high position of authority.
\Bhierarchy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a body of persons or things arranged or organised according to rank, authority or importance: 'the Prime Minister is at the top of the government \Ihierarchy\j\b\i'. \Bhierarchical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hire-\CX1rar\j\b\iki-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or belonging to a hierarchy. Greek \Ihieros\j\b\i sacred + \Iarkhos\j\b\i leader
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\Hhieratic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hire-\CX1ratt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to priests or the priesthood.
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\Hhieroglyph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-ra-glif \Pnoun\p hieroglyphic a picture, symbol, etc. used to represent a word or sound, as in the ancient Egyptian system of writing. \Bhieroglyphics\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a system of writing using hieroglyphs; \Bhieroglyphic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ihieros\j\b\i sacred + \IglyphΘ\j\b\i a carving
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\Hhi-fi\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bhigh fidelity\j\b\i
a) a degree of fidelity in which the sounds reproduced by mechanical and electronic means are acceptably close to reality. b) a record-player and its equipment.
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\Hhiggledy-piggledy\h
\Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in a disorganised or confused manner. \Bhiggledy-piggledy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhigh\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i my \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tall or elevated: 'a \Ihigh\j\b\i building'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of great size, quantity or degree: 'the fever gave her a \Ihigh\j\b\i temperature'.
\CX13.\j\b\i shrill or sharp in tone, sound, etc.: 'a \Ihigh\j\b\i voice'.
\CX14.\j\b\i having a relatively complex structure: 'the wattle is a \Ihigher\j\b\i plant'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) being stimulated by a drug such as marijuana.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was promoted to a \Ihigh\j\b\i rank' (= important).
b) 'the \Ihigh\j\b\i priest offered a sacrifice' (= leading).
c) 'this fish is \Ihigh\j\b\i' (= beginning to go bad).
d) 'a \Ihigh\j\b\i standard of living' (= advanced, luxurious).
e) 'he has \Ihigh\j\b\i political ideals' (= lofty).
\Bhigh and mighty\j\b\i, arrogant or haughty.
\Bhigh\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in or to a high position, degree, etc.: a) 'the plane flew \Ihigh\j\b\i overhead'; b) 'aim \Ihigh\j\b\i and you will succeed'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhigh and dry\j\b\i, stranded or abandoned.
\Bhigh and low\j\b\i, 'we searched \Ihigh and low\j\b\i but could not find it' (= everywhere).
\Bhigh time\j\b\i, the time just before it is too late.
\Bhigh\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a high level: 'prices have reached a new \Ihigh\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i an area of calm winds and high pressure from which winds blow anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Also called an \Banticyclone\j\b\i. Compare \Jlow (1)\j\b\i. \Bhighly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhighbrow\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) intellectual, especially in a pretentious way. \Bhighbrow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhigh commissioner\h
the chief representative of a British Commonwealth country in the country of another member.
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\Hhigher education\h
See \Jtertiary education\j\b\i.
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\Hhigh explosive\h
a powerful, fast-acting explosive, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT).
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\Hhigh fidelity\h
See \Jhi-fi\j\b\i.
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\Hhigh-flown\h
\Padjective\p extravagant or pretentious: '\Ihigh-flown\j\b\i ideas'.
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\Hhigh frequency\h
a radio frequency in the range 3-30 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 6\j\b\i hertz. \Bhigh-frequency\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhigh-handed\h
\Padjective\p arrogant or overbearing. \Bhigh-handedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhigh-handedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhighland\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any high land.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an area of hills or mountains. \Bhighlander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person from the highlands.
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\Hhigh-level\h
\Padjective\p involving or carried out by persons of high position or rank: '\Ihigh-level\j\b\i talks'.
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\Hhighlight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an outstanding event, detail, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i any of the most intensely lit details in a painting or photograph.
\Bhighlight\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to emphasise or make prominent.
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\Hhighlighter\h
\Pnoun\p a usually fluorescent pen used to emphasise the key words, etc. of a text.
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\Hhighly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jhigh\j\b\i.
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\Hhighly strung\h
acutely tense, nervous or sensitive.
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\Hhigh-minded\h
\Padjective\p characterised by morally lofty ideals or conduct.
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\Hhighness\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being high.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address used to members of royalty.
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\Hhigh-octane\h
\Padjective\p (of petrol) very efficient through having a high octane number.
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\Hhigh-pitched\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a high pitch, such as a voice.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a discussion, etc.) intensely emotional.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a roof) having a steep slope.
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\Hhigh profile\h
a deliberately conspicuous attitude or presence: 'she maintains a \Ihigh profile\j\b\i on the hospital board'.
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\Hhigh-resolution\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of screen display and printing output) the ability to produce high-quality, clear and well-defined text and graphics.
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\Hhigh-rise\h
\Padjective\p multistorey.
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\Hhigh roller\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who gambles for large stakes, usually in well-appointed surroundings.
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\Hhigh school\h
a secondary school financed and organised by the government.
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\Hhigh seas\h
the area of sea outside the boundary claimed by any country as territorial waters.
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\Hhigh-spirited\h
\Padjective\p bold, excitable or vivacious.
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\Hhigh spot\h
an outstanding feature in a programme, etc.
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\Hhigh-tech\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i using or involving high technology: 'the new jet airliner is a \Ihigh-tech\j\b\i piece of equipment'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to styles of design that suggest high technology: 'she requested a \Ihigh-tech\j\b\i office chair for her new office'.
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\Hhigh technology\h
the collective concepts, inventions and products which are of an advanced scientific or technological nature, especially in relation to the field of electronics.
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\Hhigh-tension\h
\Padjective\p \IElectronics:\j\b\i of or relating to electric cables, etc. carrying a high voltage.
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\Hhigh treason\h
treason against the monarch or state.
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\Hhighway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a main public road between towns.
\CX12.\j\b\i any main route, track, etc.
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\Hhighwayman\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a robber on a highway, especially one on horseback.
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\Hhijack\h
\Pverb\p to steal or take over a travelling vehicle by force, for political or other reasons. \Bhijack\j\b\i, \Bhijacking\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bhijacker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hijacks.
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\Hhike\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to walk long distances through the country.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of prices) to increase rapidly. \Bhike\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhiker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hikes.
\CX12.\j\b\i very merry. \Bhilariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhilarity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hill-\CX1arr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a raised, rounded area of land, especially one less than 300 m high.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pile or mound: 'an \Ianthill\j\b\i'. \Bhilly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) steep, b) having many hills.
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\Hhillbilly\h
\Pnoun\p an unsophisticated person from the country, especially one from mountainous areas.
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\Hhillock\h
\Pnoun\p a small hill. \Bhillocky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhilt\h
\Pnoun\p the handle of a sword, dagger, etc.
\Bto the hilt\j\b\i, 'he was armed \Ito the hilt\j\b\i' (= fully, completely).
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\Hhim\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bthem\j\b\i
the objective form of the \Ppronoun\p \Bhe\j\b\i: a) 'I hit \Ihim\j\b\i'; b) 'give the cake to \Ihim\j\b\i'.
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\Hhimbo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an attractive but unintelligent young man. Compare \Jbimbo\j\b\i.
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\Hhimself\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bhe\j\b\i: 'he washed \Ihimself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bhe\j\b\i: 'he did it \Ihimself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i his normal or usual self: 'for many weeks after the accident he was not \Ihimself\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i'.
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\Hhind (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i find \Padjective\p (\Bhinder\j\b\i, \Bhindmost\j\b\i or \Bhindermost\j\b\i)
being at the back: 'the \Ihind\j\b\i legs'.
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\Hhind (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i find \Pnoun\p a female deer, especially a red deer more than three years old.
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\Hhinder (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hin\j\b\ida \Pverb\p to prevent or hamper.
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\Hhinder (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hine\j\b\i-da \Padjective\p at the back: 'the \Ihinder\j\b\i part of the boat'.
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\HHindi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hin\j\b\i-dee \Pnoun\p a group of languages spoken in northern India and by Indians in Fiji, etc.
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\Hhindmost\h
\Padjective\p hindermost the superlative forms of \Bhind (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hhindquarter\h
\Pnoun\p either of the two back quarters of a carcass of beef, lamb, etc.
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\Hhindrance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hin\j\b\i-dr'nce \Pnoun\p a) something which obstructs or hinders. b) the act of hindering.
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\Hhindsight\h
\Pnoun\p any insight into an event after it has occurred.
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\HHinduism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hin\j\b\idoo-izm \Pnoun\p a religious, philosophical and cultural system widespread in India, having many gods and goddesses but regarding them as different forms of one supreme source of life. \BHindu\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhinge\h
\Isay\j\b\i hinj \Pnoun\p a) the movable joint on which a door or gate swings. b) any similar device or part.
\Bhinge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to attach by or fit with a hinge.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it all \Ihinges\j\b\i on your decision' (= depends).
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\Hhinny\h
\Pnoun\p the offspring of a female ass and a stallion. Compare \Jmule\j\b\i.
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\Hhint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a subtle or slight suggestion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a helpful suggestion: 'this book contains many gardening \Ihints\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was a \Ihint\j\b\i of envy in her voice' (= small amount). \Bhint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhinterland\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the remote areas of a country.
\CX12.\j\b\i the land surrounding and served by a port or city.
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\Hhip (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the projecting part on each side of the body between the waist and thighs, formed by the side of the pelvic girdle and the upper part of the femur.
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\Hhip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the ripe fruit of a rose.
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\Hhip (3)\h
interjection an exclamation used as a cheer or signal for cheers: '\Ihip\j\b\i, \Ihip\j\b\i, hurrah!'.
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\Hhip (4)\h
\Padjective\p being up-to-date with current styles.
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\Hhip hop\h
also \Bhip-hop\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a youthful subculture which emphasises rap music, rap dancing and has distinctive codes of speech and clothing.
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\Hhippie\h
\Pnoun\p hippy a person who rejects conventional social standards in favour of love and a simple way of life.
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\Hhippo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hippopotamus.
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\Hhippodrome\h
\Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i an arena for horseraces, etc.
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\Hhippopotamus\h
\Isay\j\b\i hippa-\CX1pott\j\b\ia-mus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhippopotamuses\j\b\i or \Bhippopotami\j\b\i
a heavy, thick-skinned, semi-aquatic African mammal with a broad head and muzzle. Greek \Ihippopotamos\j\b\i a river-horse
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\Hhipster\h
\Padjective\p (of trousers, skirts, etc.) hanging from the hips rather than the waist.
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\Hhire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to obtain the services of someone, or the temporary use of something, in return for payment.
\CX12.\j\b\i to permit the temporary use or services of, for payment.
\Bhire\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the price asked or paid in exchange for hiring. b) the act of hiring.
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\Hhireling\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a person whose services may be hired.
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\Hhire-purchase\h
\Pnoun\p a system of buying by which a person pays a specified number of instalments and has the use of the object after the first payment.
belonging to him: 'the cake is \Ihis\j\b\i'. See note at \Bhe\j\b\i.
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\HHispanic\h
\Padjective\p belonging to Spain, Portugal or other Spanish-speaking countries.
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\Hhiss\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a sharp, prolonged \Is\j\b\i sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i to express disapproval or dislike by making this sound. \Bhiss\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhistamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hist\j\b\ia-meen \Pnoun\p a crystalline substance found in animal and plant tissues and released in allergic reactions.
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\Hhistogram\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a graph using rectangles with different areas to show frequency distribution.
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\Hhistology\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the tissues of living things. \Bhistologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhistorian\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1taw\j\b\iri-un \Pnoun\p a person who writes or is expert in history. Greek \Ihistoria\j\b\i a finding out
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\Hhistoric\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1torr\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i memorable or sure of a place in history: 'the \Ihistoric\j\b\i battle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i based on history.
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\Hhistorical\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1torr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to history, especially as distinct from legend.
\CX12.\j\b\i concerned or dealing with history. \Bhistorically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhistoricity\h
\Isay\j\b\i hista-\CX1riss\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p the proven historical truth of facts or events.
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\Hhistoriography\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-torri-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a) the writing of the history of a particular subject. b) a study of the art of writing history. \Bhistoriographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhistory\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the study of the past.
\CX12.\j\b\i a systematic and chronological record of past events relating to a particular period, country, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a recorded or connected series of facts, especially concerning a particular group or subject.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ihistory\j\b\i has repeated itself' (= the past).
b) 'he has something of a \Ihistory\j\b\i' (= scandalous or extraordinary past). \Bhistory\j\b\i was originally not connected specifically with the past. Its origins lie in the Greek \Ihistor\j\b\i (a learned man or judge), giving Latin \Ihistoria\j\b\i (inquiry or knowledge obtained by inquiry). This then developed into a written account of one's inquiries, a narrative. In English it first meant a fictional narrative as well as a factual account of the past.
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\Hhistrionic\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-tree-\CX1onn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to the theatre or acting.
\CX12.\j\b\i theatrical or overdone.
\Bhistrionics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
any exaggerated or dramatic behaviour. \Bhistrionically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhit\j\b\i, \Bhitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike: a) 'she \Ihit\j\b\i the ball over the fence'; b) 'the car \Ihit\j\b\i the pole'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or drive by hitting: 'he \Ihit\j\b\i the ball at least 100 metres'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'those shares have \Ihit\j\b\i an all-time low' (= reached).
b) 'every farmer in the district was \Ihit\j\b\i by the drought' (= severely affected).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to begin to travel: 'let's \Ihit\j\b\i the road'. b) to drink excessively: 'I can tell you've been \Ihitting\j\b\i the bottle'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhit it off\j\b\i, 'the children \Ihit it off\j\b\i immediately' (= got on well together).
\Bhit on\j\b\i, \Bhit upon\j\b\i, 'I have just \Ihit on\j\b\i the perfect answer' (= discovered, thought of).
\Bhit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an impact or blow.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is very successful or popular: 'this song is sure to be a \Ihit\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an injection of a hard drug. b) a robbery or act of violence. \Bhitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhit-and-run\h
\Padjective\p (of a motorist) failing to stop after having an accident.
#
\Hhitch\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fasten or tie, e.g. with a rope: 'he \Ihitched\j\b\i the horse-box to the car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become hooked or fastened: 'her jumper \Ihitched\j\b\i on a nail as she went past'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they were \Ihitched\j\b\i in a registry office' (= married).
\CX13.\j\b\i to pull up quickly or jerkily: 'she \Ihitched\j\b\i up her loose stocking'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to hitchhike.
\Bhitch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sudden lifting or pulling.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i any of various ways of fastening one rope to another or round a bollard, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any difficulty or obstruction: 'there has been a \Ihitch\j\b\i in our plans'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a ride obtained by hitchhiking.
#
\Hhitchhike\h
\Pverb\p to travel by getting free rides in passing vehicles. \Bhitchhike\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a ride obtained by hitchhiking; \Bhitchhiker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhither\h
\Isay\j\b\i hi\Ith\j\b\ia \Padverb\p an old word meaning to or towards this place.
\Bhither and thither\j\b\i, in different directions.
#
\Hhitherto\h
\Padverb\p until now; to this time.
#
\Hhit parade\h
also called the \Bcharts\j\b\i
a weekly list of the highest selling recordings of popular music.
#
\Hhive\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bbeehive\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a natural or artificial structure housing bees. b) a colony of bees living in this structure.
\CX12.\j\b\i any busy or active place: 'the sewing room was a \Ihive\j\b\i of activity'. \Bhive\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put or store in a hive.
#
\Hhive off\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to assign production of goods, etc. to a subsidiary company.
#
\Hhives\h
plural \Pnoun\p a skin condition, usually a form of allergy, which causes small red itchy spots.
#
\Hhoar\h
\Isay\j\b\i hor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hoarfrost.
\CX12.\j\b\i a grey or white colour, as of the hair of an elderly person. \Bhoary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhoard\h
\Isay\j\b\i hord \Pnoun\p a hidden store or fund. \Bhoard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to save and store up; \Bhoarder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Middle English \Ihord\j\b\i treasure
#
\Hhoarding\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hor\j\b\iding \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a temporary fence, such as one enclosing a construction site.
\CX12.\j\b\i a board for advertisements or posters. Also called a \Bbillboard\j\b\i.
#
\Hhoarfrost\h
\Pnoun\p the ice crystals which form on the ground instead of dew when the dewpoint is below freezing. Compare \Jfrost\j\b\i and \Brime (2)\j\b\i.
#
\Hhoarse\h
\Isay\j\b\i horse \Padjective\p having a rough or croaking sound: 'a \Ihoarse\j\b\i cry'. \Bhoarseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhoarsely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhoary\h
\Padjective\p See \Jhoar\j\b\i.
#
\Hhoax\h
\Isay\j\b\i hoks \Pnoun\p a mischievous trick or something intended to deceive. \Bhoax\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bhoaxer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhob\h
\Pnoun\p a shelf close to a fire for heating kettles, etc. or keeping them hot.
#
\Hhobble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to walk with pain or difficulty.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tie the legs of a horse to restrict its movement. \Bhobble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a limping walk, b) a rope used to hobble a horse.
#
\Hhobbledehoy\h
\Pnoun\p an awkward or clumsy youth.
#
\Hhobby\h
\Pnoun\p any activity which is done in one's spare time for personal enjoyment.
#
\Hhobbyhorse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick with a horse's head and sometimes with wheels on the other end, for children to ride.
\CX12.\j\b\i a favourite or obsessive interest: 'he was riding his \Ihobbyhorse\j\b\i about the power of the trade unions'.
#
\Hhobgoblin\h
\Pnoun\p \IFolklore:\j\b\i a mischievous goblin.
#
\Hhobnail\h
\Pnoun\p a large nail with a wide head, used in the base of heavy shoes.
#
\Hhobnob\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhobnobbed\j\b\i, \Bhobnobbing\j\b\i)
to meet or associate in a friendly way, especially with one's social superiors.
#
\Hhobo\h
\Pnoun\p a tramp.
#
\Hhock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the joint above the fetlock in the lower part of the leg of a horse or other animal.
#
\Hhock (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to pawn. \Bin hock\j\b\i, (informal) pawned.
#
\Hhockey\h
\Pnoun\p a game for two teams using long-handled sticks with curved ends to try to hit the ball into the opponent's goal. \BField hockey\j\b\i is played between two teams of 11 on a large field and \Bice hockey\j\b\i is played on ice between two teams of six.
#
\Hhocus-pocus\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a phrase used in conjuring as a spell.
\CX12.\j\b\i any elaboration or mystery intended to conceal the simplicity of something.
#
\Hhod\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, trough-shaped container on a long handle, for carrying bricks or mortar.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coalscuttle.
#
\Hhodgepodge\h
\Pnoun\p a jumble.
#
\Hhoe\h
\Pnoun\p any of various long-handled tools with prongs or a flat iron blade for loosening soil, etc. \Bhoe\j\b\i (\Bhoed\j\b\i, \Bhoeing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a pig. b) a castrated boar.
\CX12.\j\b\i a greedy or dirty person.
\Bgo the whole hog\j\b\i, to do something thoroughly and completely.
\Bhog\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bhogged\j\b\i, \Bhogging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to take more than one's share of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cut a horse's mane short. \Bhoggish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, greedy or selfish; \Bhoggishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhogget\h
\Pnoun\p a) a young sheep, especially up to the age of one year. b) the meat from a such an animal.
#
\Hhogmanay\h
\Isay\j\b\i hogma-\CX1nay\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i New Year's Eve.
#
\Hhogsback\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a long, sharply crested ridge.
#
\Hhogshead\h
\Pnoun\p a) an old unit of volume for alcoholic drinks, usually equal to about 240 litres. b) a large cask of this volume.
#
\Hhogtie\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhogtied\j\b\i, \Bhogtying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to tie all the feet of an animal, etc. together.
\CX12.\j\b\i to restrict the movement of.
#
\Hhogwash\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense.
#
\Hhoi polloi\h
\Isay\j\b\i hoy pa-\CX1loy\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) the common people. Greek, the many
#
\Hhoist\h
\Pverb\p to lift or raise, especially by using a mechanical device.
\Bhoist\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of various lifting devices using a pulley or a hydraulic system.
#
\Hhoity-toity\h
\Padjective\p haughty.
#
\Hhokey-pokey\h
\Pnoun\p hocus-pocus.
#
\Hhokum\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense.
#
\Hhold (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bheld\j\b\i, \Bholding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to have and keep, especially in the hands.
\CX12.\j\b\i to contain or be filled with: 'how much liquid will that jar \Ihold\j\b\i?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be valid or have force: 'that rule does not \Ihold\j\b\i in the senior school'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'try to \Ihold\j\b\i them here until the police arrive' (= detain).
b) 'he has \Iheld\j\b\i the office of President for 37 years' (= occupied).
c) 'that chair will not \Ihold\j\b\i your weight' (= sustain).
d) 'I \Ihold\j\b\i you all equally responsible' (= consider).
e) '\Ihold\j\b\i still while I brush your hair' (= stay).
f) 'the court \Iheld\j\b\i that he was guilty' (= decided, ruled).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhold forth\j\b\i, 'she \Iheld forth\j\b\i for some hours about her experiences' (= talked).
\Bhold good\j\b\i, to be valid.
\Bhold one's head high\j\b\i, to face the world proudly and confidently.
\Bhold one's own\j\b\i, 'I thought our team \Iheld their own\j\b\i very well' (= maintained their position in relation to the opposition).
\Bhold one's tongue\j\b\i, to refrain from speaking.
\Bhold out\j\b\i, a) 'will our supplies \Ihold out\j\b\i?' (= last); b) 'stop \Iholding out\j\b\i and tell us the news' (= keeping something back); c) 'she \Iheld out\j\b\i for a higher price' (= refused to yield without).
\Bhold over\j\b\i, 'the meeting has been \Iheld over\j\b\i till Christmas' (= postponed).
\Bhold up\j\b\i, a) 'what \Iheld\j\b\i the train \Iup\j\b\i?' (= delayed); b) 'the bank was \Iheld up\j\b\i by a masked bandit' (= robbed). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bhold-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Bhold water\j\b\i, 'your excuses don't \Ihold water\j\b\i' (= stand up to examination).
\Bhold with\j\b\i, 'father does not \Ihold with\j\b\i loud music' (= approve of).
\Bhold\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of holding or gripping: 'her \Ihold\j\b\i on the rope loosened and she fell'. b) something to hold a thing by, such as a handle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong influence or power: 'the union has a \Ihold\j\b\i on most workers in the trade'. \Bholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that holds.
#
\Hhold (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the inner part of a ship below the deck, where goods are carried.
#
\Hholdall\h
\Pnoun\p a light bag or case.
#
\Hholding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) property owned, especially stocks and shares.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the decision of a court on a question of law.
#
\Hhole\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an opening or hollow in something solid.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'your argument is full of \Iholes\j\b\i' (= faults).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'this town is a real \Ihole\j\b\i' (= dirty or depressing place).
\CX12.\j\b\i an awkward situation: 'his gambling has got him into a financial \Ihole\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i a) a small tin-lined hole in the ground, into which the ball must be hit. b) the distance between a tee and the green.
\Bhole\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a hole or holes in.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put in a hole: 'the golfer \Iholed\j\b\i his ball in four strokes'.
\Bhole up\j\b\i, 'the guerrillas were \Iholed up\j\b\i in the mountains' (= hidden, secluded).
#
\Hholiday\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\ii-day \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any day on which work or business ceases, especially in honour of a person or past event.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a period of rest from work, school, etc., usually a specified number of weeks in a year. Also called a \Bvacation\j\b\i. \Bholiday\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bholy\j\b\i + \Bday\j\b\i
#
\Hholier-than-thou\h
\Padjective\p smug or self-righteous.
#
\Hholiness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ho\j\b\i-lee-ness \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being holy.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title of respect for the Pope.
#
\Hholism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hole\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p the natural tendency in living organisms to create a single mass from the ordered grouping of individual segments. \Bholistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhollow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\i-o \Padjective\p not solid or filled: 'a \Ihollow\j\b\i barrel'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it was a \Ihollow\j\b\i victory' (= worthless, vain).
b) 'his \Ihollow\j\b\i thanks were worse than no thanks at all' (= insincere).
c) 'his \Ihollow\j\b\i cheeks told me he was ill' (= sunken, indented).
d) 'there was a \Ihollow\j\b\i thud on the roof' (= dull, echoing).
\Bhollow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an empty space or gap.
\CX12.\j\b\i a concave or indented area; 'they sat in a leafy \Ihollow\j\b\i near the river'. \Bhollow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become hollow; \Bhollowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhollow\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (informal) thoroughly; \Bhollowly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hholly\h
\Pnoun\p an evergreen shrub with red berries and sharp, pointed, shiny leaves used as a Christmas decoration.
#
\Hhollyhock\h
\Pnoun\p a tall plant with spikes of many large, brightly coloured flowers.
#
\Hholmium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hol\j\b\imi-um \Pnoun\p element number 67, a rare earth metal which forms magnetic compounds. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
#
\Hholocaust\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\ia-caust \Pnoun\p any great destruction or loss of life. Greek \Iholokaustos\j\b\i burnt whole
#
\HHolocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\io-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jquaternary\j\b\i. \BHolocene\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhologram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\ia-gram \Pnoun\p a three-dimensional image created on photographic film using light from a laser instead of a lens. \Bholographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i holla-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bholography\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i holl-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hholograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1holl\j\b\ia-graf \Pnoun\p a document wholly written by the person whose name it bears.
#
\Hholster\h
\Pnoun\p a leather case for a pistol, attached to a belt or saddle.
#
\Hholus-bolus\h
\Padverb\p all at once.
#
\Hholy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sacred: 'a \Iholy\j\b\i day'.
\CX12.\j\b\i pious: 'a \Iholy\j\b\i person'.
#
\HHoly Communion\h
\IChristian:\j\b\i See \Jcommunion\j\b\i.
#
\HHoly Spirit\h
also called the \BHoly Ghost\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i the third person in the Trinity.
#
\Hhomage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p an act or expression of respect or honour.
#
\Hhomburg\h
\Pnoun\p a man's felt hat, with a lengthwise dent in the crown and a narrow, often upturned brim.
#
\Hhome\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the place where one lives, belongs or was born: a) 'he left \Ihome\j\b\i at 19 to see the world'; b) 'Australia is the \Ihome\j\b\i of the kangaroo'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a house, flat, etc.: 'the planners aimed to build 30{\shad \j\b\i000 new \Ihomes\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an institution which provides care and services: 'a \Ihome\j\b\i for the aged'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a place or region used as headquarters or a base for activities, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i the base at which the batter stands, and the last to be touched when completing a run around the diamond.
\Bat home\j\b\i, a) 'we are not \Iat home\j\b\i this weekend' (= receiving visitors); b) 'they always make guests feel \Iat home\j\b\i' (= at ease).
\Bhome\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
at the club's own ground: 'the football team plays at \Ihome\j\b\i next week'.
\Bhome\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in or to one's home or country: 'please come straight \Ihome\j\b\i after the party'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to the point aimed at: 'he drove the last nail \Ihome\j\b\i with a sigh of relief'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his criticism of her work really struck \Ihome\j\b\i' (= effectively, to the heart).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring home to\j\b\i, 'we could not \Ibring home to\j\b\i him the folly of his plan (= make him realise or understand).
\Bhome and dry\j\b\i, having easily gained one's end.
\Bhome and hosed\j\b\i, safe and sound.
\Bhome\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to go home.
\CX12.\j\b\i to direct or be directed towards a target or destination.
#
\Hhomebody\h
a person who likes or prefers to be at home.
#
\Hhome help\h
a person employed for cleaning one's home, especially a paid employee of a local council who helps the aged or infirm with their housework.
#
\Hhomeland\h
\Pnoun\p one's native land.
#
\Hhomely\h
\Padjective\p simple and plain: '\Ihomely\j\b\i food'.
#
\Hhomeopathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mee-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p homoeopathy the method of treating disease using a minute dose of a substance, often herbal, which in larger doses would normally produce symptoms like those of the disease being treated. Compare \Jallopathy\j\b\i. \Bhomeopath\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ho\j\b\i-mee-a-path), \Bhomeopathist\j\b\i \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bhomeopathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ho-mee-o-pa-\CX1thet\j\b\itic) \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ihomoios\j\b\i similar + \Ipathos\j\b\i suffering
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\Hhomeostasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mee-o-\CX1stay\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p homoeostasis \IBiology:\j\b\i the process of maintaining physiological equilibrium in the functions, chemical composition, etc. of an organism. Greek \Ihomoios\j\b\i like + \Istasis\j\b\i standing still
#
\Hhome rule\h
(\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) the right of internal self-government to a region of a state, especially Ireland.
#
\Hhome run\h
also called a \Bhomer\j\b\i
\IBaseball and softball:\j\b\i a non-stop run around all the bases, made by a batter who has hit the ball a long distance.
#
\Hhomesick\h
\Padjective\p depressed from a longing for home. \Bhomesickness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hhomespun\h
\Padjective\p spun or made at home: 'a \Ihomespun\j\b\i jumper'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Ihomespun\j\b\i philosophy of life' (= simple, unrefined).
#
\Hhomestead\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1home\j\b\i-sted \Pnoun\p the house and outbuildings on a farm or property.
#
\Hhome straight\h
also called the \Bhome stretch\j\b\i
a) the straight part of a racetrack leading to the finishing line. b) any final phase or stage.
#
\Hhome truth\h
a statement of fact that is painful or difficult to accept.
#
\Hhome-unit\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bvilla unit\j\b\i
any of a group of similar, small dwellings which may be bought or rented to live in.
#
\Hhomeward\h
\Padjective\p towards home. \Bhomewards\j\b\i, \Bhomeward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hhomework\h
\Pnoun\p a school task for a student to do at home.
\Bdo one's homework\j\b\i, 'the planners produced an impractical transport scheme because they hadn't \Idone their homework\j\b\i' (= carried out adequate research).
#
\Hhomicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ii-side \Pnoun\p the crime of killing a person. \Bhomicidal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ii-sigh-d'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or having a tendency towards homicide; \Bhomicidally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ihomo\j\b\i man + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hhomily\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ii-lee \Pnoun\p a) a sermon. b) any moralising talk. \Bhomiletic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hommi-\CX1lett\j\b\iik), \Bhomiletical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhominy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hom\j\b\i-in-ee \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i the hulled and ground kernels of corn, boiled for eating.
#
\HHomo (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1home\j\b\i-oh \Pnoun\p plural is \BHomines\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ii-neez)
any member of the genus which includes extinct and modern humankind.
\BHomo sapiens\j\b\i
the scientific name for the species of humankind which exists at present. Latin, wise man
#
\Hhomo (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal, use is often derogatory\j\b\i) a homosexual.
#
\Hhomo-\h
a prefix meaning the same, as in \Ihomosexual\j\b\i. Compare \Jhetero-\j\b\i. Greek
#
\Hhomoeopathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mee-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p See \Jhomeopathy\j\b\i.
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\Hhomoeostasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mee-o-\CX1stay\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p See \Jhomeostasis\j\b\i.
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\Hhomogeneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mo-\CX1jee\j\b\ini-us \Padjective\p composed of like parts. \Bhomogeneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhomogeneity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ho-mo-ji\CX1nee\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhomogenise\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1mojj\j\b\ia-nize \Pverb\p homogenize to make homogeneous or uniform in texture, consistency, etc.
\Isay\j\b\i ha-moyo-\CX1ther\j\b\imik \Padjective\p See \Jwarm-blooded\j\b\i.
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\Hhomologous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho\CX1molla\j\b\i-gus \Padjective\p similar in position, shape, etc.
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\Hhomologous series\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a series of organic compounds showing a regular gradation in physical and chemical properties, and capable of being represented by a general molecular formula.
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\Hhomologue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ia-log \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bhomolog\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any member of a homologous series.
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\Hhomonym\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1homm\j\b\ia-nim \Pnoun\p a word having the same sound, and sometimes spelling, as another but a different meaning, as \Isale\j\b\i and \Isail\j\b\i. See note at \Bcompliment\j\b\i.
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\Hhomophobia\h
\Isay\j\b\i homma-\CX1fo\j\b\i-beea \Pnoun\p the fear of homosexuals.
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\Hhomosexual\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-mo-\CX1seks\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p being sexually attracted to members of one's own sex. \Bhomosexual\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a homosexual person; \Bhomosexuality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ho-mo-seks-yoo-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhomunculus\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho\CX1munk\j\b\i-yoolus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhomunculi\j\b\i
a fully formed miniature human being, such as a dwarf or pygmy.
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\Hhomy, homey\h
\Padjective\p comfortable and friendly.
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\Hhone\h
\Pnoun\p a very fine abrasive stone used for sharpening razors, etc. \Bhone\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to smoothe on or as if on a hone.
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\Hhonest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1onn\j\b\iest \Padjective\p truthful or free from deceit or pretence. \Bhonesty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhonestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhoney\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i funny \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick, sweet liquid produced by bees from nectar for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i any sweet person, thing or quality.
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\Hhoneycomb\h
\Pnoun\p a) a structure of wax made by honeybees, containing rows of cells in which honey and pollen are stored and eggs and larvae develop.
\Bhoneycomb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pierce with many holes: 'a hill \Ihoneycombed\j\b\i with caves'.
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\Hhoneydew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet, sticky substance excreted by aphids.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sweet musk melon with a smooth pale green rind and slightly darker flesh.
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\Hhoney-eater\h
\Pnoun\p any of various birds, such as the wattlebird, which extracts nectar from flowers.
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\Hhoneyed\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hun\j\b\i-eed \Padjective\p a) containing or full of honey. b) sweet and mollifying: 'he spoke in \Ihoneyed\j\b\i tones'.
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\Hhoneymoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the holiday taken by a newly married couple.
\CX12.\j\b\i any early, harmonious period in a relationship, union, etc.
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\Hhoneysuckle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various climbing shrubs with small, fragrant, trumpet-shaped, yellow or pink flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various similar but unrelated plants, such as banksia.
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\Hhongi\h
\Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i the customary Maori greeting of rubbing noses.
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\Hhonk\h
\Pnoun\p a harsh, deep sound, such as the cry of a goose, the horn of a car, etc. \Bhonk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhonky-tonk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an early form of ragtime piano music, characterised by tinny echoing notes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a cheap dance hall or nightclub.
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\Hhonorarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i onna-\CX1rair\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhonoraria\j\b\i or \Bhonorariums\j\b\i
a voluntary payment for professional services where no fee is claimed or claimable.
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\Hhonorary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1onn\j\b\ia-ra-ree \Padjective\p given or received as an honour, without the usual duties, payment, etc.: 'he remained \Ihonorary\j\b\i chairman despite his retirement'.
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\Hhonorific\h
\Isay\j\b\i onna-\CX1riff\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p any title or term of respect, such as Sir, Doctor, Your Majesty, etc.
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\Hhonour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1onn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p honor \CX11.\j\b\i a respect or esteem.
\CX12.\j\b\i an expression or display of respect: 'the doctor was received with \Ihonour\j\b\i in her home town'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which brings respect or credit: 'this student is an \Ihonour\j\b\i to the school'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a good or noble character: 'a man of \Ihonour\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a privilege: 'it is an \Ihonour\j\b\i to serve you'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a) a high grade in passing an examination. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) a course or degree in which such results are necessary to graduate: 'an \Ihonours\j\b\i degree in Law'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i any of the five highest cards in each suit.
\CX18.\j\b\i a title or decoration awarded by a monarch or government: 'he picked up an O.B.E. in the New Year \Ihonours\j\b\i list'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdo the honours\j\b\i, 'will you \Ido the honours\j\b\i, and carve the roast?' (= act as the host).
\Bon, upon one's honour\j\b\i, 'you are \Ion your honour\j\b\i not to tell anybody' (= bound by a promise or sense of responsibility).
\Bhonour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to show respect or honour for.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the bank refused to \Ihonour\j\b\i her cheque' (= accept and pay on).
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\Hhonourable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1onn\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p honorable \CX11.\j\b\i having high principles: 'an \Ihonourable\j\b\i judge'.
\CX12.\j\b\i based on the principles of honour: 'an \Ihonourable\j\b\i agreement'.
\CX13.\j\b\i worthy of honour: 'the victory was an \Ihonourable\j\b\i achievement'. \Bhonourably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhonourableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhood\h
\Isay\j\b\i h\Iu\j\b\id \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, loose covering for the head and neck.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a hood, such as the canvas roof of a pram.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hoodlum. \Bhood\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or as if with a hood.
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\H-hood\h
\Isay\j\b\i h\Iu\j\b\id a suffix indicating: a) state, condition or character, as in \Ichildhood\j\b\i; b) a group with a particular character, as in \Ineighbourhood\j\b\i.
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\Hhoodlum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoo'd\j\b\i-l'm \Pnoun\p a gangster or violent, destructive youth.
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\Hhoodoo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoo\j\b\i-doo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i bad luck.
\CX12.\j\b\i voodoo.
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\Hhoodwink\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1h\Iu\j\b\id\j\b\i-wink \Pverb\p to deceive or trick.
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bhoofs\j\b\i or \Bhooves\j\b\i
the hard covering encasing the foot of some animals, such as the ox and horse.
\Bon the hoof\j\b\i, (of livestock) alive.
\Bhoof\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bhoof it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to walk.
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\Hhook\h
\Isay\j\b\i h\Iu\j\b\ik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various curved or angular devices for pulling or grasping: 'a \Ifishhook\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a hook, such as a sharply curved part or angle.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a stroke in which the ball curves away behind or to the side of the player. Also called a \Bpull\j\b\i. Compare \Jslice\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBoxing:\j\b\i a short, swinging blow made with the arm bent.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby hook or by crook\j\b\i, by any means, however desperate.
\Bhook, line and sinker\j\b\i, completely.
\Boff the hook\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) freed from blame, a difficulty, etc. \Bhook\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to grasp or catch with or as if with a hook, b) (Sport) to hit a hook; \Bhooked\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having or resembling a hook, b) (informal) addicted.
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\Hhookah\h
\Isay\j\b\i h\Iu\j\b\ik-ah \Pnoun\p also called a \Bwater-pipe\j\b\i
an Oriental tobacco pipe with a long tube which passes through a container of water to cool the smoke.
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\Hhook and eye\h
a fastener for clothes consisting of a hook which catches onto a loop of thread or wire.
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\Hhooker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that hooks, such as a rugby player whose task is to hook the ball from the scrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a prostitute.
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\Hhook-up\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1h\Iu\j\b\ik\j\b\i-up \Pnoun\p a connection or joining, e.g. between several radio or television stations to broadcast a special programme.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is a \Ihook-up\j\b\i between businessmen and illegal gambling in this town' (= connection).
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\Hhookworm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1h\Iu\j\b\ik\j\b\i-werm \Pnoun\p a parasitic worm with hooks in its mouth, infesting the intestine of humans and other animals.
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\Hhooky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1h\Iu\j\b\ik\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p hookey \Bplay hooky\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stay away from school without permission.
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\Hhooligan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoo\j\b\i-lig'n \Pnoun\p a young ruffian. \Bhooliganism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhoon\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a young male who drives a powerful car in a reckless and inconsiderate manner.
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\Hhoop\h
\Pnoun\p a circular band or ring, sometimes used to support or strengthen something; and formerly bowled as a child's toy. \Bhoop\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fasten or encircle with a hoop; \Bhooper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cooper.
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\Hhoopla\h
\Pnoun\p a game in which small hoops are thrown in an attempt to encircle objects offered as prizes.
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\Hhoot\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to make the hollow cry of an owl. b) to make a similar sound, especially in disapproval or derision.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sound a horn.
\Bhoot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of hooting.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an amusing or funny thing. \Bhooter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which hoots, such as a horn.
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\HHoover\h
\Pnoun\p a vacuum cleaner. \Bhoover\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to vacuum. a trademark
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\Hhooves\h
plural \Pnoun\p a plural of \Bhoof\j\b\i.
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\Hhop (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhopped\j\b\i, \Bhopping\j\b\i)
a) (of a person) to jump on one foot. b) (of an animal) to jump on all feet.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ihopped\j\b\i onto the bus as it set off' (= jumped).
\Bhop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a light springy jump, especially on one foot.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'from here it's only a short \Ihop\j\b\i to Asia' (= trip, distance).
\Bon the hop\j\b\i, a) 'he was caught \Ion the hop\j\b\i' (= unprepared); b) 'they are always \Ion the hop\j\b\i' (= moving, busy).
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\Hhop (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a twining plant with cone-like flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the dried, ripe flowers of this plant, used in brewing, medicine, etc.
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\Hhope\h
\Pverb\p to wish for or look forward to what one anticipates or expects.
\Bhope\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a wish that what is anticipated or expected will occur.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reason for confidence, hope or expectation: 'there is little \Ihope\j\b\i that the child will be found'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person or thing in which one places confidence: 'she is the \Ihope\j\b\i of the family'. \Bhopeful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of hope or expectation; \Bhopefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhopefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhopeless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) allowing no hope, b) impossible. \Bhopefully\j\b\i means full of hope as in: 'although he picked up the cricket bat \Ihopefully\j\b\i, he was bowled out by the first ball'. The use of the word in place of 'I hope' or 'we hope' is incorrect.
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\Hhope chest\h
a glory box.
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\Hhopper\h
\Pnoun\p a funnel-shaped device in which materials, such as grain, are stored and released through the bottom.
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\Hhopping mad\h
very angry.
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\Hhopsack\h
\Pnoun\p a fabric woven from various fibres, with yarns running in pairs, used for chair-covers, etc.
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\Hhopscotch\h
\Pnoun\p a children's game in which each player tosses an object into a pattern of squares drawn on the ground, then hops along the pattern to retrieve it.
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\Hhop, skip and jump\h
also called the \Bhop, step and jump\j\b\i and \Btriple jump\j\b\i
\IAthletics:\j\b\i a contest in which competitors must get as far as possible by making a hop, a step and a jump in a continuous movement.
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\Hhorde\h
\Pnoun\p a large group of people, animals or insects.
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\Hhorehound\h
\Pnoun\p a herb with silky leaves and small, white flowers, containing a bitter liquid used in medicine.
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\Hhorizon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ha-\CX1rye\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the apparent boundary of the sea or flat land with the sky. Also called the \Bapparent horizon\j\b\i or \Bvisible horizon\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a limit or range, as of knowledge, experience, thinking, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i any of the layers found in a vertical section of soil, such as a layer of rock containing fossils, etc.
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\Hhorizontal\h
\Isay\j\b\i horri-\CX1zont\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p parallel to or in the plane of the horizon. \Bhorizontal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a horizontal line, plane or position; \Bhorizontally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhorizontal bar\h
a fixed bar used for various gymnastic exercises, such as swinging.
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\Hhormone\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an organic substance produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part where it controls various metabolic functions. \Bhormonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hor-\CX1mo\j\b\i-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ihormon\j\b\i setting in motion
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\Hhorn\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hollow growth on the head of certain animals, consisting of a tough, fibrous layer over a permanent bony core. Compare \Jantler\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i an object which is made of horn or similar substance.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a brass instrument, usually coiled and equipped with keys, with a cup-shaped mouthpiece and conical horn.
\CX14.\j\b\i a warning device such as a foghorn or car-horn. \Bhorn\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to wound with a horn, b) to provide with a horn or horns; \Bhorny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) hard like a horn, b) having or consisting of a horn.
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\Hhornbill\h
\Pnoun\p any of various tropical birds with a very large bill surrounded by a hard, often large, projection.
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\Hhornet\h
\Pnoun\p a very large wasp with brown markings and an extremely painful sting.
\Ba hornet's nest\j\b\i, 'the politician's tactless speech stirred up \Ia hornet's nest\j\b\i' (= noisy opposition).
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\Hhornpipe\h
\Pnoun\p a) a lively dance for one person, originally performed by sailors. b) the music for such a dance.
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\Hhorny\h
\Padjective\p See \Jhorn\j\b\i.
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\Hhorology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the science of measuring time, making clocks, etc.
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\Hhoroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1horr\j\b\ia-skope \Pnoun\p \IAstrology:\j\b\i a) an analysis of the position of the stars at a particular place and time, such as at a person's birth, for predicting future events or analysing character. b) a diagram of this. Greek \Ihoroskopos\j\b\i one who observes the hour of a birth
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\Hhorrendous\h
\Padjective\p dreadful or horrible.
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\Hhorrible\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing horror: 'the \Ihorrible\j\b\i scene in the film gave me nightmares'.
\CX12.\j\b\i extremely unpleasant or offensive. \Bhorribly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jterrible\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an intense feeling of repugnance and fear.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a \Ihorror\j\b\i of cocktail parties' (= extreme dislike).
\CX12.\j\b\i something which causes dislike or horror. \Bhorrify\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1horr\j\b\ii-fie), (\Bhorrified\j\b\i, \Bhorrifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bhorrific\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ho-\CX1riff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, horrible.
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\Hhors d'oeuvre\h
\Isay\j\b\i or \CX1derv\j\b\i any of a variety of appetisers such as olives, curried eggs, etc., served before the main meal. French, apart from the main work
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\Hhorse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a four-legged, solid-hoofed mammal with a long mane and tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i a male horse as distinct from the female (called a mare).
\CX13.\j\b\i a device or frame on which one sits, exercises, etc. or on which something is supported: a) 'a vaulting \Ihorse\j\b\i'; b) 'a clothes \Ihorse\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba dark horse\j\b\i, a person whose abilities are not clearly seen or known.
\Bback the wrong horse\j\b\i, to support what turns out to be an unsuccessful cause, especially in politics.
\Bfrom the horse's mouth\j\b\i, from an authoritative source.
\Bget on one's high horse\j\b\i, to act haughtily.
\Bhold one's horses\j\b\i, to restrain oneself.
\Blook a gift-horse in the mouth\j\b\i, See \Jgift-horse\j\b\i.
\Bhorse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
an old word meaning to provide with, or to mount or go on, a horse.
\Bhorse about, horse around\j\b\i, to act or play roughly or boisterously. \Bhorsy, horsey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) horse-like in appearance or manner, b) concerned with or devoted to horses; \Bhorsemanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or skill of caring for and riding horses.
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\Hhorse latitudes\h
the areas of calm or light winds between the trade winds and the westerly winds in subtropical regions.
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\Hhorseplay\h
\Pnoun\p any noisy or rough play.
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\Hhorsepower\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of power, equal to about 746 watts.
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\Hhorseradish\h
\Pnoun\p a white root with an extremely strong smell and taste, usually finely chopped and used in sauces, etc.
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\Hhorse sense\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) good or practical sense.
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\Hhorseshoe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a U-shaped piece of iron, nailed to the bottom of a horse's hoof to protect it.
\CX12.\j\b\i something of this shape, often regarded as a symbol of good luck.
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\Hhorst\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bblock mountain\j\b\i
a block of the earth's crust raised between two faults.
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\Hhorsy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jhorse\j\b\i.
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\Hhorticulture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hor\j\b\iti-kulcher \Pnoun\p the science or study of cultivating and maintaining garden plants. \Bhorticultural\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i horti-\CX1kul\j\b\icha-r'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhorticulturist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhosanna\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-\CX1zann\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a cry of praise to God.
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\Hhose\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flexible tube for carrying or spraying water, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i hosiery. \Bhose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spray or wet with water, etc. from a hose.
\Bhose down\j\b\i, 'to \Ihose down\j\b\i the issue' (= to quell).
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\Hhosiery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ho\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p clothing, such as socks, stockings, etc. for the feet or legs. \Bhosier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or sells hosiery.
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\Hhospice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoss\j\b\i-piss \Pnoun\p a) a house for travellers, etc. especially one kept by a religious order. b) an institution dedicated to the care of the terminally ill.
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\Hhospitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i hoss-\CX1pitt\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p giving a warm welcome to guests or strangers.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is quite \Ihospitable\j\b\i to new ideas' (= open, receptive). \Bhospitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhospitality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hospi-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhospital\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoss\j\b\i-pitt'l \Pnoun\p a) a place where sick or injured people are given medical treatment. b) a similar establishment for the care of animals.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a dolls' \Ihospital\j\b\i' (= repair shop). \Bhospitalise\j\b\i, \Bhospitalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to place in a hospital for treatment; \Bhospitalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ihospitalis\j\b\i relating to guests
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\Hhost (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i most \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who entertains guests.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an organism on or in which a parasite lives.
\CX13.\j\b\i the controlling computer in a network of computers. \Bhost\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to entertain; \Bhostess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of host.
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\Hhost (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i most \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large group of people or things: 'a \Ihost\j\b\i of angels'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word meaning an army.
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\Hhost (3)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i most \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the consecrated bread used in the Eucharist.
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\Hhostage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hos\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p a person held or given as a pledge that certain actions will be performed.
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\Hhostel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoss\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p a supervised house which gives accommodation at low rents, e.g. for students, nurses, etc. Old French
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\Hhostile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoss\j\b\i-tile \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unfriendly or showing a desire to fight.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to an enemy: '\Ihostile\j\b\i territory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) open warfare: '\Ihostilities\j\b\i started along the border'. \Bhostilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhot\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or producing a high temperature.
\IUsages\j\b\i
a) 'beware of her \Ihot\j\b\i temper' (= passionate, violent).
b) 'a \Ihot\j\b\i curry' (= very spicy).
c) 'they were \Ihot\j\b\i on our trail' (= very close).
d) 'this town is \Ihot\j\b\i for criminals' (= dangerous).
e) '\Ihot\j\b\i pink' (= bright).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) skilled or clever: 'not too \Ihot\j\b\i at maths'. b) fresh: '\Ihot\j\b\i off the press'. c) stolen: 'a \Ihot\j\b\i car'.
\CX13.\j\b\i radioactive, especially to a degree injurious to health.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhot under the collar\j\b\i, angry.
\Bin hot water\j\b\i, in trouble.
\Bnot so hot\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) disappointing. \Bhotly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhotness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhot air\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) any empty or pretentious talk or writing.
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\Hhotbed\h
\Pnoun\p a place favouring rapid growth, especially of something bad: 'a \Ihotbed\j\b\i of vice'.
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\Hhot-blooded\h
\Padjective\p passionate or excitable.
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\Hhotchpotch\h
\Pnoun\p a jumble.
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\Hhot dog\h
a hot frankfurter usually served in a long bread roll.
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\Hhotel\h
\Pnoun\p a building providing accommodation for paying guests and selling alcohol to be drunk on the premises.
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\Hhotfoot\h
\Padverb\p in great haste: 'she arrived \Ihotfoot\j\b\i from the scene of the accident'.
\Bhotfoot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bhotfoot it\j\b\i, to hurry.
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\Hhot-headed\h
\Padjective\p impetuous or rash. \Bhothead\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhot-headedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhothouse\h
\Pnoun\p an artificially heated greenhouse. \Bhothouse\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of an intense emotional or intellectual nature.
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\Hhot line\h
a) a direct telephone link open for instant contact between the heads of major governments in case of an emergency. b) any important telephone connection.
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\Hhotness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhot\j\b\i.
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\Hhotplate\h
\Pnoun\p a heated metal plate, usually on a stove, on which food is cooked or heated.
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\Hhot potato\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a troublesome question or subject which no-one wants to handle.
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\Hhot rod\h
an old car which has been modified to increase its speed.
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\Hhot seat\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a position involving difficulties or danger.
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\Hhot tip\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a supposedly reliable piece of information, advice, etc.
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\Hhound\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dog, especially one trained to hunt by following a scent.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an addict or enthusiast.
\Bhound\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pursue or harass relentlessly: 'the agent has been \Ihounding\j\b\i us for the rent'.
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\Hhound's-tooth\h
\Pnoun\p a pattern of contrasting jagged checks.
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\Hhour\h
\Isay\j\b\i our \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a unit of time equal to 60 minutes, one 24th part of a day.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the usual or specific time for: 'office \Ihours\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what is the \Ihour\j\b\i?' (= time of day).
b) 'the \Ihour\j\b\i of his glory' (= moment). \Bhourly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or occurring every hour.
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\Hhourglass\h
\Pnoun\p an instrument for measuring time, consisting of two glass bulbs joined by a narrow passage through which sand or mercury runs from one bulb to the other in a set time.
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\Hhouse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a building or part of a building where people live. b) a household.
\CX12.\j\b\i a building or establishment for a particular purpose: a) 'a \Ihouse\j\b\i of worship'; b) 'a gambling \Ihouse\j\b\i'; c) 'a publishing \Ihouse\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a family considered as a line of descent: 'the \Ihouse\j\b\i of Stuart'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a theatre. b) the audience in a theatre.
\CX15.\j\b\i a legislative or advisory group: 'the \IHouse\j\b\i of Representatives'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i See \Jzodiac\j\b\i.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i a section of a school having some students from every age-group, for sport, debates, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring the house down\j\b\i, 'her act \Ibrought the house down\j\b\i' (= was enthusiastically received).
\Bkeep house\j\b\i, 'she employs a person to \Ikeep house\j\b\i for her' (= manage the household affairs).
\Bon the house\j\b\i, 'the publican offered everyone a drink \Ion the house\j\b\i' (= free). \Bhouse\j\b\i (\Irhymes with\j\b\i cows), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put in a house, b) to contain or shelter.
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\Hhouse arrest\h
the keeping of an arrested person in his or her own home.
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\Hhouseboat\h
\Pnoun\p a boat with a large cabin used as a home but not suited to rough seas.
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\Hhousebreaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who breaks into and enters a house for a criminal purpose. \Bhousebreaking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhousebroken\h
\Padjective\p See \Jhouse-trained\j\b\i.
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\Hhousefly\h
\Pnoun\p a common fly which breeds in dung and refuse and is able to transmit diseases such as typhoid.
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\Hhousehold\h
\Pnoun\p all the people of a house or home.
\Bhousehold word\j\b\i
a well-known phrase or name. \Bhouseholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the owner or tenant of a house.
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\Hhousehusband\h
\Pnoun\p a man, especially a married man, who is in charge of a household. \Bhousewife\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of househusband.
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\Hhousekeeper\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to direct and manage a household. \Bhousekeeping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the duties of a housekeeper, b) the money used for managing a household.
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\Hhousemother\h
\Pnoun\p a woman who looks after a group of children who live in an institution. \Bhousefather\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the masculine form of housemother.
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\HHouse of Commons\h
\IBritish:\j\b\i the lower house of parliament, similar to the Australian House of Representatives.
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\HHouse of Lords\h
\IBritish:\j\b\i the upper house of parliament, membership being granted for life to the surviving hereditary peers and to life peers, appointed for service to the nation.
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\HHouse of Representatives\h
\IParliament:\j\b\i the lower house of parliament, with one representative from each electorate. Compare \Jsenate\j\b\i.
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\Hhouse-trained\h
\Padjective\p (of a pet) trained not to excrete inside the house.
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\Hhouse-warming\h
\Pnoun\p a party to celebrate one's moving into a new home.
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\Hhousewife\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bhousewives\j\b\i
a woman, especially a married woman, who is in charge of a household. \Bhousehusband\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the masculine form of housewife.
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\Hhousework\h
\Pnoun\p the work of cleaning, cooking, etc. for a household.
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\Hhousey-housey\h
\Pnoun\p housie-housie a form of bingo played as a gambling game.
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\Hhousing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a dwelling or house. b) any or all dwellings.
\CX12.\j\b\i the providing of houses: 'student \Ihousing\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a framework or covering which supports or protects parts of a machine.
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\Hhove\h
\Pverb\p a past participle and past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bheave\j\b\i.
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\Hhovel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hovv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a small house in poor condition.
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\Hhover\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hovv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fly or remain in the air as if suspended.
\CX12.\j\b\i to linger or wait close by.
\CX13.\j\b\i to pause or waver: 'he \Ihovered\j\b\i between life and death'.
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\HHovercraft\h
\Pnoun\p a vehicle designed to travel over a surface, usually water, supported on a cushion of air. a trademark
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\Hhow\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i by what means or in what manner?: '\Ihow\j\b\i did you do it?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in what state or condition?: '\Ihow\j\b\i are you?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to what extent, amount, etc.?: '\Ihow\j\b\i often do you see her?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i at what rate or price?: '\Ihow\j\b\i much is it?'.
\CX15.\j\b\i for what reason?: '\Ihow\j\b\i is it that you are late?'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhow about?\j\b\i what is your opinion concerning?
\Bhow come?\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) why?
\Bhow\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in what way or manner: 'tell us \Ihow\j\b\i you do it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of the state or condition in which: 'I wonder \Ihow\j\b\i this hat looks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i concerning degree or amount: 'does it matter \Ihow\j\b\i late we are?'.
\Bhowever\j\b\i, \Bhowsoever\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i no matter how: 'buy the dress \Ihowever\j\b\i much it costs'.
\CX12.\j\b\i by whatever manner: 'do it \Ihowever\j\b\i you can'.
\Bhowever\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
nevertheless. See \Jbut\j\b\i.
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\Hhowdah\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i powder \Pnoun\p a seat, usually with a railing and canopy, placed on the back of an elephant. Arabic \Ihaudaj\j\b\i a litter carried by a camel or an elephant
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\Hhowitzer\h
\Pnoun\p a cannon which fires shells, high into the air, to hit targets which cannot be reached directly.
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\Hhowl\h
\Pverb\p a) to utter a loud, long, mournful cry, such as that of a dog or wolf. b) to weep loudly. \Bhowl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhowling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) producing a howl, b) (informal) enormous.
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\Hhowler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that howls.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a ridiculous mistake.
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\Hhoyden\h
\Pnoun\p hoiden a girl who behaves boisterously; a tomboy. \Bhoydenish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhub\h
\Pnoun\p the central part of a wheel, fan, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the film star was the \Ihub\j\b\i of attention' (= centre, focus).
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\Hhubbub\h
\Pnoun\p a confused noise or uproar.
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\Hhubby\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a husband.
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\Hhubris\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\i-bris \Pnoun\p arrogant pride inviting nemesis. Greek
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\Hhuckleberry\h
\Pnoun\p an American shrub with small, dark blue, edible berries.
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\Hhuckster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hawker or pedlar.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mean, mercenary person.
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\Hhuddle\h
\Pverb\p a) to crowd together. b) to curl or hunch oneself up. \Bhuddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a confused jumble, b) a private conference.
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\Hhue (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) any distinct colour in the range from red to yellow to green through to blue and back to red. b) a particular tint or shade of one colour.
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\Hhue (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bhue and cry\j\b\i, a loud outcry, as of protest or pursuit.
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\Hhuff\h
\Pnoun\p a fit of petulance.
\Bhuff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to offend.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'll \Ihuff\j\b\i and I'll puff' (= blow). \Bhuffy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, easily angered or offended; \Bhuffily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhug\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhugged\j\b\i, \Bhugging\j\b\i)
to clasp tightly in the arms, especially in affection.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the small boat \Ihugged\j\b\i the shore for shelter' (= kept close to). \Bhug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hoo\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p short form of \Bhula-hula\j\b\i
a) a Hawaiian dance in which intricate hand and arm movements tell a story. b) the music for such a dance. \Bhula skirt\j\b\i, a skirt made of grass blades attached to a waistband, as worn by hula dancers. Hawaiian
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\Hhulk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the body or wreck of an old boat, originally used as a prison, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is bulky or unwieldy. \Bhulking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, heavy and clumsy.
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\Hhull (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the shell or outer covering of a seed or fruit.
\CX12.\j\b\i the group of floral parts of a strawberry or similar fruit, usually easily detached. \Bhull\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shell peas, peanuts, etc.
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\Hhull (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the body of a boat.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fuselage of a flying boat, rocket, etc.
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\Hhullabaloo\h
\Isay\j\b\i hulla-ba-\CX1loo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an uproar.
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\Hhullo\h
interjection hello.
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\Hhum\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhummed\j\b\i, \Bhumming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a continuous droning sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sing with the lips closed.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be full of activity. \Bhum\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhuman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\i-m'n \Padjective\p relating to or characteristic of mankind. \Bhuman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a human being; \Bhumanly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhumane\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1mane\j\b\i \Padjective\p feeling or showing tenderness or kindness for those suffering or in distress. \Bhumanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhumaneness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhuman immunodeficiency virus\h
short form is \BHIV\j\b\i
either of two viruses which markedly reduces the body's ability to produce antibodies to fight infection, often resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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\Hhumanise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\ima-nize \Pverb\p humanize to make or become human or humane. \Bhumanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhumanism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\i-ma-nizm \Pnoun\p a concern with human ideals or interests rather than abstract or theoretical subjects. \Bhumanist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a freethinker, pragmatist or humanitarian.
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\Hhumanitarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-manni-\CX1tair\j\b\iian \Padjective\p concerned with the needs and welfare of mankind in general. \Bhumanitarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a humanitarian person; \Bhumanitarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhumanity\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1mann\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the human race.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the quality of being humane: 'show \Ihumanity\j\b\i to others'. b) the state of being human.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the study of subjects such as classical literature, history or philosophy, as distinct from the sciences. Also called the \Barts\j\b\i.
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\Hhumankind\h
\Pnoun\p all living people.
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\Hhuman nature\h
the qualities or characteristics inherent in all human beings.
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\Hhumble (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i modest and aware of one's failings, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i low in rank or importance: '\Ihumble\j\b\i birth'. \Bhumbleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhumbly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhumble\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to humiliate, b) to lower in rank or importance; \Bhumility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1mill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being humble.
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\Hhumble (2)\h
\Padjective\p \Beat humble pie\j\b\i, to be humiliated or made to apologise humbly. Middle English \Iumbles\j\b\i the edible organs of an animal
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\Hhumbug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trick or hoax.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hard, boiled peppermint sweet, usually striped.
\CX13.\j\b\i nonsense. \Bhumbug\j\b\i (\Bhumbugged\j\b\i, \Bhumbugging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to trick.
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\Hhumdinger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is remarkable or extraordinary.
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\Hhumdrum\h
\Padjective\p dull and unexciting.
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\Hhumerus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\ima-rus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhumeri\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\ima-rye)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the long bone of the upper arm or forelimb.
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\Hhumid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\imid \Padjective\p containing a large amount of vapour or water. \Bhumidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhumidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhumidicrib\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1midd\j\b\ii-krib \Pnoun\p a chamber in which the humidity and oxygen content are controlled, and in which very small babies are kept to help them breathe.
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\Hhumidity\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1midd\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being humid.
\Brelative humidity\j\b\i is the ratio between the amount of water-vapour present and the amount which would be present if the air contained all the water-vapour it could hold.
\Babsolute humidity\j\b\i is the amount of water-vapour present.
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\Hhumidor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\imi-dor \Pnoun\p a container for tobacco and tobacco products, designed to keep in moisture.
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\Hhumiliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i hew-\CX1mill\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to lower the pride, position or dignity of. \Bhumiliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of humiliating, b) anything which humiliates.
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\Hhumility\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhumble (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hhummingbird\h
\Pnoun\p a tiny, brightly coloured, quick-moving bird, whose narrow wings hum during flight.
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\Hhummock\h
\Pnoun\p a small hill or area slightly above the general height of the surrounding area.
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\Hhumorist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\ima-rist \Pnoun\p a person who uses humour, especially a performer or writer of comedy.
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\Hhumorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\ima-rus \Padjective\p causing laughter or amusement. \Bhumorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhumour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p humor \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being funny: 'we could not see the \Ihumour\j\b\i in his joke'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mood or state of mind: 'he is not in good \Ihumour\j\b\i today'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any plant or animal fluid, whether natural or caused by disease.
\Bhumour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to indulge or satisfy the wishes, mood, etc. of another.
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\Hhump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rounded mass or bump, e.g. that on the back of a camel.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hummock.
\Bhump\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to carry, especially on the back or shoulders.
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\Hhumpbacked\h
\Padjective\p hunchbacked.
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\Hhumpy\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i an Aboriginal's hut. Aboriginal
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\Hhumus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hew\j\b\i-mus \Pnoun\p the dark, organic substance in soil, consisting of decaying vegetable matter which makes the soil more fertile.
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\Hhunch\h
\Pverb\p to bend or draw up in a hump: 'she sat \Ihunched\j\b\i over the heater to get warm'.
\Bhunch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a hump.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling or suspicion about something.
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\Hhunchbacked\h
\Padjective\p having severe curvature of the spine which causes a hump on the back. \Bhunchback\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a hunchbacked person.
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\Hhundred\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 100 in Arabic numerals, C in Roman numerals. \Bhundred\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhundredth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hhundredweight\h
\Pnoun\p a) a unit of mass equal to about 50.8 kg.
b) (in America) a unit of mass equal to about 45.4 kg.
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\Hhung\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bhang\j\b\i. See \Jhang\j\b\i.
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\Hhunger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the need or desire for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i any strong need or desire: 'she has a \Ihunger\j\b\i for attention'. \Bhungry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, feeling or showing hunger; \Bhungrily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhunger\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhunger-strike\h
\Pnoun\p a persistent refusal to eat, usually as a protest against injustice, imprisonment, etc.
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\Hhung-over\h
\Padjective\p suffering from a hangover.
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\Hhunk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large piece.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an attractive, often muscular young man.
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\Hhunky-dory\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very good or satisfactory.
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\Hhunt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to chase wild animals in order to catch or kill them, often as a sport.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'four stray cows were \Ihunted\j\b\i out of the garden' (= chased).
\CX12.\j\b\i to search or look for.
\Bhunter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who hunts or searches.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse used or bred for hunting. \Bhunting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of a person or thing that hunts; \Bhunt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of searching or hunting, b) an organised group of people meeting to hunt together; \Bhuntsman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who supervises the hounds at a hunt, b) a person who hunts game.
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\Hhuntsman spider\h
a large, hairy, non-poisonous spider.
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\Hhurdle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of a series of barriers set across a racetrack to be jumped by competitors. b) (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a race in which these barriers must be jumped.
\CX12.\j\b\i any obstacle or difficult problem to be overcome. \Bhurdle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bhurdler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhurdy-gurdy\h
\Pnoun\p a barrel organ or similar musical instrument played by turning a handle.
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\Hhurl\h
\Pverb\p to throw with great force or violence. \Bhurl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhurly-burly\h
\Pnoun\p a noisy commotion or uproar.
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\Hhurrah\h
interjection hoorah also spelt \Bhurray\j\b\i or \Bhooray\j\b\i
a cry of approval, joy, encouragement, etc.
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\Hhurricane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hurr\j\b\ii-k'n \Pnoun\p \IWeather:\j\b\i a) a strong wind of at least 120 km per hour. b) See \Jtropical cyclone\j\b\i.
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\Hhurricane lamp\h
an oil or kerosene lamp with a wick which is protected by glass.
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\Hhurry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bhurried\j\b\i, \Bhurrying\j\b\i)
to do or cause to do quickly: a) 'we \Ihurried\j\b\i to the station but still missed the train'; b) 'his nagging conscience \Ihurried\j\b\i him into a decision'. \Bhurry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhurriedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhurt\h
\Pverb\p to cause bodily injury or pain.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it will not \Ihurt\j\b\i you to rest for a week' (= have a bad effect on).
b) 'I was very \Ihurt\j\b\i by his coldness' (= upset, grieved). \Bhurt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhurtful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing hurt or harm; \Bhurtfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhurtle\h
\Pverb\p to move or rush noisily or violently.
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\Hhusband\h
\Pnoun\p the male partner in a marriage.
\Bhusband\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to manage or use, especially in an economical way: 'the nation must \Ihusband\j\b\i its mineral resources'.
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\Hhusbandry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1huz\j\b\i-b'n-dree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the business of farming and agriculture.
\CX12.\j\b\i any careful or economical management.
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\Hhush\h
\Pverb\p to make or become silent.
\Bhush up\j\b\i, 'we must \Ihush up\j\b\i this scandal' (= keep secret). \Bhush\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a silence or stillness; \Bhush\j\b\i!, \Iinterjection\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p the dry, outer covering of a fruit or seed, especially of an ear of wheat. \Bhusk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to remove the husk from.
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\Hhusky (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i strongly or heavily built.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a dry, hoarse or whispering sound. \Bhuskily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bhuskiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhusky (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of large, sturdy dogs with a thick coat, used by Eskimos to pull sledges.
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\Hhussar\h
\Isay\j\b\i h\Iu\j\b\i\CX1zah\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a soldier in one of the light cavalry regiments of some European countries, originally Hungary, noted for their colourful uniforms.
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\Hhussy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) an insolent or lewd woman. Middle English \Ihuswif\j\b\i housewife
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\Hhustings\h
plural \Pnoun\p the campaigns, speeches, etc. which take place before a political election. from \Ihustings\j\b\i, an old word for the platforms from which candidates spoke
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\Hhustle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1huss\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to push or jostle roughly. b) to move or work energetically.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to earn money in questionable or illegal ways. \Bhustle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhustler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who hustles.
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\Hhut\h
\Pnoun\p a simple house, usually having only one room.
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\Hhutch\h
\Pnoun\p a box or cage, with wire mesh on one side, in which rabbits, etc. are kept.
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\Hhyacinth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\ia-sinth \Pnoun\p a small garden plant growing from a bulb, with fleshy, reed-like leaves and spikes of perfumed, bell-shaped flowers.
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\Hhyaena\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1ee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p See \Jhyena\j\b\i.
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\Hhybrid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-brid \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any organism, such as a mule, resulting from unlike parents.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which has mixed origins or is composed of mixed parts. \Bhybridise\j\b\i, \Bhybridize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhydatid\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1datt\j\b\iid \Pnoun\p a cyst in the lungs or liver, produced by a tapeworm and transmitted to humans by dogs.
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\Hhydra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dra \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a microscopic, freshwater animal.
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\Hhydrangea\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1drane\j\b\i-ja \Pnoun\p a garden shrub with large, showy clusters of flowers.
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\Hhydrant\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bfire hydrant\j\b\i or a \Bfireplug\j\b\i
an upright pipe connected to a water main and to which a hose can be attached.
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\Hhydrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-drate \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound combined with water, especially a salt containing water of crystallisation. \Bhydrate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to combine chemically with water.
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\Hhydraulic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1droll\j\b\iik \Padjective\p being operated by or using a liquid.
\Bhydraulics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of the motion of liquids and its application in engineering. \Bhydraulically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhydride\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dride \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound of hydrogen and one other element.
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\Hhydro- (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dro a prefix meaning water, as in \Ihydro-electric\j\b\i. Greek \Ihydros\j\b\i of water
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\Hhydro- (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dro a prefix used in chemical terms, indicating a combination of hydrogen, as in \Ihydrocarbon\j\b\i.
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\Hhydrocarbon\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a large class of organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen.
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\Hhydrochloric acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-dra-\CX1klorr\j\b\iik assid \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, corrosive acid (formula HCl), used in many chemical and industrial processes.
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\Hhydro-electric\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to electricity produced by the energy of flowing water, e.g. from a dam. \Bhydro-electricity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhydrofoil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dra-foil \Pnoun\p a boat with ski-like fixtures which support the hull above the water when the boat has reached sufficient speed.
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\Hhydrogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dra-j'n \Pnoun\p element number 1, a colourless, odourless, inflammable gas which is the lightest and simplest of all known elements. \Bhydrogenate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1droj\j\b\ia-nate), \Bhydrogenise\j\b\i, \Bhydrogenize\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i, to combine or treat with hydrogen.
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\Hhydrogen bomb\h
short form is \BH-bomb\j\b\i See \Jnuclear weapon\j\b\i.
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\Hhydrogen peroxide\h
See \Jperoxide\j\b\i.
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\Hhydrology\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1droll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of water on, or under, land.
#
\Hhydrolysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1droll\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the decomposition of a compound by water, each new compound containing part of the water. \Bhydrolytic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i high-dra-\CX1litt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhydrolise, hydrolize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhydrometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1dromm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a device for finding the specific gravity of liquids, usually consisting of a sealed tube which is immersed in the liquid.
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\Hhydrophobia\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-dra-\CX1fo\j\b\i-bee-a \Pnoun\p an abnormal fear of water, as in rabies. \Bhydrophobic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hhydroplane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dra-plane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a seaplane.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, fast boat designed to skim along the surface of the water.
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\Hhydroponics\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-dra-\CX1pon\j\b\ieks \Pnoun\p the growing of plants without soil, on wet sand, peat, water, etc. \Bhydro- (1)\j\b\i + Greek \Iponos\j\b\i work
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\Hhydroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-dra-skope \Pnoun\p a device used for viewing objects below the surface of the sea.
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1drok\j\b\iside \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any inorganic compound containing the hydroxyl radical, such as sodium hydroxide (formula NaOH).
#
\Hhydroxyl radical\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1drok\j\b\isil raddi-k'l short form is \Bhydroxyl\j\b\i
also called a \Bhydroxyl ion\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i the univalent ion (OH{\up6 -\j\b\i).
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\Hhyena\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1ee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p hyaena an African or Asian mammal of the dog family with powerful jaws and short hind legs.
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\Hhygiene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-jeen \Pnoun\p also called \Bhygienics\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1jee\j\b\iniks \Ior\j\b\i high-\CX1jen\j\b\iniks)
the study of ways to preserve health. \Bhygienist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhygienic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1jee\j\b\inik \Ior\j\b\i high-\CX1jenn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p clean and healthy. \Bhygienically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhygrometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1gromm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure the humidity of the atmosphere.
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\Hhymen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-men \Pnoun\p also called the \Bmaidenhead\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a fold of membrane which partly covers the entrance to the vagina in virgins. Greek, thin skin
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\Hhymn\h
\Isay\j\b\i him \Pnoun\p a song of praise, especially one dedicated to a god.
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any inflated claims made for a product or event. \Bhype\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhyper-\h
a prefix meaning in great amount or excessive, as in \Ihypercritical\j\b\i. Greek \Ihyper\j\b\i over or above
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\Hhyperactive\h
\Padjective\p being uncontrollably overactive. \Bhyperactivity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhyperbola\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1per\j\b\iba-la \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a plane regular curve formed when a cone is cut by a plane which makes a greater angle with the base than the side does. See \Jconic section\j\b\i.
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\Hhyperbole\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1per\j\b\iba-lee \Pnoun\p a deliberate exaggeration used for effect only.
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\Hhyperbolic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-per-\CX1boll\j\b\iik \Padjective\p hyperbolical \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a hyperbola.
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the integration of multimedia elements such as video, text, sound and graphics combined with the ability to link and move quickly between related documents, often used for the purposes of interactive learning. Compare \Jmultimedia\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i high-per-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an abnormally high blood pressure.
#
\Hhypertext\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of software) a method of structuring the information of an electronic document containing such multimedia elements as text, sound and graphics so that related ideas can be traced and investigated in a non-linear way. For example, in an electronic document a key word could be activated to reveal another document in which that word exists.
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\Hhypertonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-per-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i (of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than normal protoplasm. Compare \Jhypotonic\j\b\i and \Bisotonic\j\b\i.
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\Hhyphen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-f'n \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a punctuation mark (-), used to join words or parts of words, as in \Iold-fashioned\j\b\i. \Bhyphenate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to join words with a hyphen; \Bhyphenation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhypnosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i hip-\CX1no\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhypnoses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hip-\CX1no\j\b\i-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i an artificially produced sleep-like state, in which sensations like pain are reduced and the patient becomes more relaxed, with increased susceptibility to suggestion.
\CX12.\j\b\i any sleep-like or entranced condition. \Bhypnotism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1hip\j\b\ina-tizm), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or practice of causing hypnosis; \Bhypnotist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bhypnotise\j\b\i, \Bhypnotize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bhypnotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hip-\CX1nott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bhypnotic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance which induces sleep. Greek \Ihypnos\j\b\i sleep
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\Hhypo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-po \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i sodium thiosulphate, a white crystalline solid used in photography.
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\Hhypochondriac\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-po-\CX1kon\j\b\i-dree-ak \Pnoun\p a person who is abnormally concerned about his or her health, especially one who exaggerates minor symptoms, etc. \Bhypochondria\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hhypocrisy\h
\Isay\j\b\i hip-\CX1ok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p the pretence of having certain qualities, beliefs or feelings, especially admirable or virtuous ones.
a person who practises hypocrisy, especially one pretending to be virtuous. \Bhypocritical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ihypokrisis\j\b\i pretence
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\Hhypodermic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-pa-\CX1der\j\b\i-mik \Padjective\p a) relating to the introduction of liquid medicines under the skin: 'a \Ihypodermic\j\b\i injection'. b) relating to the tissues under the skin. Greek \Ihypo\j\b\i under + \Iderma\j\b\i skin
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\Hhypostyle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1high\j\b\i-po-stile \Padjective\p \IArchitecture:\j\b\i having the roof supported by many columns. Greek \Ihypo\j\b\i under + \Istylos\j\b\i column
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\Hhypotenuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1pott\j\b\iin-yooz \Pnoun\p the longest side, opposite the right angle, of a right-angled triangle.
#
\Hhypothalamus\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-pa-\CX1thalla\j\b\i-m's \Pnoun\p the part of the brain which monitors many of the body's responses.
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\Hhypothermia\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-po-\CX1ther\j\b\i-mee-a \Pnoun\p the condition in which the temperature of the body is below normal.
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\Hhypothesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1poth\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bhypotheses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i high-\CX1poth\j\b\ii-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i a suggestion or statement offered as an explanation or starting point for reasoning, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an idea or theory, especially one which is assumed as a basis for some action. \Bhypothesise\j\b\i, \Bhypothesize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form a hypothesis.
#
\Hhypothetical\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-pa-\CX1thett\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p assumed or supposed. \Bhypothetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hhypotonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i high-pa-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i (of a solution) having a lower osmotic pressure than normal protoplasm. Compare \Jhypertonic\j\b\i and \Bisotonic\j\b\i. Greek \Ihypo\j\b\i under + \Itonos\j\b\i tension
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\Hhysterectomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i hista-\CX1rek\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an operation to remove the uterus. Greek \Ihystera\j\b\i womb + \IektomΘ\j\b\i a cutting out
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\Hhysteria\h
\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1teer\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an uncontrollable outburst of extreme emotion, excitement, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i a form of neurosis, often unconscious, marked by the exhibiting or experiencing of symptoms of illness to obtain relief from stress.
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i suffering from hysteria.
\CX12.\j\b\i exhibiting extreme excitement, emotion, impulsiveness, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very funny: 'his jokes are always \Ihysterical\j\b\i'. \Bhysterics\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i hiss-\CX1terr\j\b\iiks), \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, a hysterical outburst. Greek \Ihystera\j\b\i womb, where hysterics were thought to originate
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\HI\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bwe\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the first person singular nominative \Ppronoun\p: '\II\j\b\i have a new book'.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jme (1)\j\b\i, \Bmy\j\b\i and \Bmine (1)\j\b\i. \Bi\j\b\i, \Bme\j\b\i are both first person singular \Ppronoun\ps, but \II\j\b\i should only be used in the nominative case: 'between you and \II\j\b\i and the gatepost' is wrong because a preposition (\Ibetween\j\b\i) should take the objective case (\Ime\j\b\i).
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\Hiambic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1am\j\b\ibik \Pnoun\p plural is \Biambuses\j\b\i
also called \Biamb\j\b\i, \Biambus\j\b\i
\IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i. \Biambic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hibex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-beks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bibexes\j\b\i or \Bibex\j\b\i
a wild goat with long, curved horns, found in the mountains of Europe and Asia.
#
\Hibid.\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-bid \Padverb\p the short form of \Bibidem\j\b\i
in the same book, chapter, page, etc. Latin
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\Hibis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-bis \Pnoun\p a large wading bird related to the heron.
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\H-ible\h
a variant of the suffix \B-able\j\b\i.
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\Hice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a form of water in its solid state, below 0░C.
\CX12.\j\b\i any substance resembling ice, such as ice-cream.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbreak the ice\j\b\i, 'it took some time to \Ibreak the ice\j\b\i at the party' (= relax the atmosphere).
\Bcut no ice\j\b\i, 'flattering speech \Icuts no ice\j\b\i with him' (= has no effect or influence).
\Bon ice\j\b\i, waiting or in reserve.
\Bon thin ice\j\b\i, in a risky or uncertain position.
\Bice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to freeze or make very cold. b) to cover or become covered with ice.
\CX12.\j\b\i to coat a cake, etc. with icing.
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\HIce Age\h
\IGeology:\j\b\i any of several periods of time during which icesheets covered large areas of the earth.
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\Hiceberg\h
\Pnoun\p a large mass of ice floating at sea having broken from a glacier or an icecap, and of which only one-ninth is visible. Old Dutch \Iijs\j\b\i ice + \Iberg\j\b\i mountain
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\Hicebox\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a refrigerator.
\CX12.\j\b\i a box or compartment holding ice to keep food cool.
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\Hicebreaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship with a reinforced hull used for clearing or channelling through ice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that helps to relax the atmosphere.
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\Hicecap\h
\Pnoun\p a covering of ice over an area, sometimes vast, and sloping in all directions from the centre.
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\Hice-cream\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet, frozen food, made from cream, flavouring, eggs, sugar, etc.
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\Hicefloe\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet of floating ice. A large icefloe is called an \Bicefield\j\b\i.
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\Hice hockey\h
See \Jhockey\j\b\i.
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\Hichthyology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ikthi-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of fish.
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\H-ician\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ish\j\b\i'n a suffix indicating an expert in a particular subject, as in \Ielectrician\j\b\i.
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\Hicicle\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i bicycle \Pnoun\p a pointed, hanging stick of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water.
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\Hiciness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jicy\j\b\i.
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\Hicing\h
\Pnoun\p a soft, sugary coating used to decorate cakes.
\Bicing sugar\j\b\i
a finely ground sugar used to make icing.
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\Hicon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-kon \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bikon\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an image, symbol or picture, usually of a sacred or religious subject.
\CX12.\j\b\i a symbol appearing on a computer screen which can be located with the cursor and activated to allow the user to perform tasks such as gain access to programs or files. Greek \Ieikon\j\b\i an image
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\Hiconoclast\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1konn\j\b\ia-klast \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who destroys sacred or religious images.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person attacking established or popular beliefs. \Biconoclasm\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Biconoclastic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eye-konna-\CX1klast\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hiconography\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-kon-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the historical study of the meanings or subject matter in paintings. \Biconographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eye-konno-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Biconographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hicy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, like or covered with ice.
\CX12.\j\b\i very cold: a) 'an \Iicy\j\b\i wind'; b) 'an \Iicy\j\b\i welcome for being late'. \Bicily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Biciness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hid\h
\Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i the unconscious part of the personality, which is the source of instinctive energy. Compare \Jego\j\b\i. Latin, it
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\Hidea\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1deer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p something conceived as a part or result of thought: 'have you any \Iidea\j\b\i of how to do the job?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has some very unusual political \Iideas\j\b\i' (= beliefs, opinions).
b) 'do you have any particular \Iideas\j\b\i for redecorating the house?' (= plans).
c) 'what's the \Iidea\j\b\i of bursting in without knocking?' (= meaning, significance).
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\Hideal\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1deel\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i best, perfect or most suitable: a) 'an \Iideal\j\b\i place for a picnic'; b) '\Iideal\j\b\i beauty'.
\CX12.\j\b\i existing only in the mind or imagination.
\Bideal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an example, idea, aim, etc. of the highest or most perfect standard: a) 'she is my \Iideal\j\b\i of an artist'; b) 'his \Iideals\j\b\i do not allow him to lie'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which exists only in the mind or imagination. \Bideally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) perfectly, b) in theory.
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\Hidealise\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1deel\j\b\iize \Pverb\p idealize to imagine or exalt as an ideal: 'he \Iidealises\j\b\i his clever sister'. \Bidealisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hidealism\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1deel\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p a) the seeing of things as ideals. b) the pursuit of what one considers to be ideal. \Bidealist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who holds or pursues ideals, b) a person whose ideas are unrealistic or impractical; \Bidealistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bidealistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HidΘe fixe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\i-day feex an obsession. French, fixed idea
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\Hidentical\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1den\j\b\iti-k'l \Padjective\p exactly equal or the same. \Bidentically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to establish as being a particular person, thing or quality: 'he \Iidentified\j\b\i the ring as his mother's'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to represent or treat as the same: 'he \Iidentifies\j\b\i his aims with those of the party'. \Bidentification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of identifying, b) something which proves the identity of a person; \Bidentifiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be recognised or identified.
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\HIdentikit\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1den\j\b\iti-kit \Pnoun\p a system of drawings used by the police for identifying criminals, made by sorting through drawings of parts of the face until a likeness is made. a trademark
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\Hidentity\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1den\j\b\iti-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being what or who one is: 'show us your passport to prove your \Iidentity\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a well-known television \Iidentity\j\b\i' (= person, character).
\CX12.\j\b\i exact sameness or likeness.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an equation which is true for all values of its variables.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bidentity parade\j\b\i, a presentation at which witnesses are asked by the police, army, etc. to identify a suspect from among a group of people of similar appearance.
\Bold identity\j\b\i, a resident of long standing in a particular place. Latin \Iidem\j\b\i the same
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\Hideology\h
\Isay\j\b\i iddi-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Ior\j\b\i eye-dee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the organised system of beliefs or way of thinking of a person or group: 'fascist, communist and democratic \Iideologies\j\b\i'. \Bideologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bideological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i iddia-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HIdes\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i rides plural \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i the Roman name given to the 15th days of March, May, July and October, and to the 13th days of the other months.
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\Hidiocy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1idd\j\b\iia-see \Pnoun\p a) the fact or state of being an idiot. b) any stupid or senseless behaviour.
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\Hidiom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1idd\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a phrase or expression whose meaning is not logically suggested by the words, as in \Ihow do you do\j\b\i?.
\CX12.\j\b\i the language or form of expression peculiar to one individual or group. \Bidiomatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i iddia-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Bidiomatical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or expressing an idiom, b) (of language) informal; \Bidiomatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hidiosyncrasy\h
\Isay\j\b\i iddio-\CX1sink\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p any behaviour or character which is peculiar to one individual or group. \Bidiosyncratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i iddio-sin-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bidiosyncratically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iidios\j\b\i own, personal + \Isygkresia\j\b\i mixture
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\Hidiot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hopelessly foolish or senseless person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person with subnormal intellectual development who is considered unable to be educated. \Bidiotic\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i iddi-\CX1ott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bidiotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iidiotes\j\b\i a private person, non-official, ignoramus
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\Hidle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-d'l \Padjective\p not busy, working or in use: a) 'the machine had been \Iidle\j\b\i since the workers went on strike'; b) 'the \Iidle\j\b\i youth sleeps in until midday'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'ignore their \Iidle\j\b\i gossip' (= useless, worthless).
b) 'this isn't an \Iidle\j\b\i threat you can ignore' (= weak, groundless).
\Bidle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or pass time in an idle manner.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of machinery, engines, etc.) to move or turn at minimum speed. \Bidleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bidler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lazy person.
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\Hidol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a statue, picture, or image representing a deity and used as an object of worship.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who is blindly adored: 'a singing \Iidol\j\b\i'.
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\Hidolater\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1doll\j\b\ia-ter \Pnoun\p a person worshipping an idol or idols.
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\Hidolatry\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1doll\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a) the worship of idols. b) any blind devotion or adoration. \Bidolatrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hidolise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-da-lize \Pverb\p idolize to worship or admire blindly. \Bidolisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hidyll\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-dil \Ior\j\b\i \CX1idd\j\b\iil \Pnoun\p idyl a short poem or piece of descriptive music concerned with romanticised rural life. \Bidyllic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to an idyll, b) naturally simple or charming.
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\Hif\h
conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i (used to express a condition) 'you may stay up late \Iif\j\b\i you are good'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (used to ask an indirect question) 'tell me \Iif\j\b\i you are tired'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (used instead of \Iwhen\j\b\i) '\Iif\j\b\i you add 2 and 2, you get 4'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas if\j\b\i, (used to suggest that the opposite is true) 'it isn't \Ias if\j\b\i you are very busy'.
\Bif only\j\b\i, (used to introduce an unfulfilled wish) '\Iif only\j\b\i it would stop raining!'.
\Bifs and buts\j\b\i, 'give me a straight answer, not a lot of \Iifs and buts\j\b\i' (= doubts and qualifications).
\Bif you ask me\j\b\i, '\Iif you ask me\j\b\i Bill is crazy' (= I think).
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\Higloo\h
\Pnoun\p a small dome-shaped house of snow blocks, built by Eskimos.
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\Higneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ig\j\b\ini-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or resembling fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i relating to rocks formed from molten material which cooled either deep below the earth's surface, such as granite, or on the surface, such as basalt. Latin \Iigneus\j\b\i fiery or burning
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\Hignite\h
\Pverb\p to catch or set on fire.
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\Hignition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ig-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of igniting.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the system for producing the correctly timed sequence of electric sparks which ignite the fuel in an engine. b) the burning of the fuel.
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\Hignition coil\h
a type of induction coil producing the very high voltage which produces a spark in an internal combustion engine.
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\Hignoble\h
\Padjective\p below the commonly accepted standards of worthiness, honour or excellence: 'betraying our agreement was an \Iignoble\j\b\i act'. \Bignobly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bignobility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i igno-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hignominious\h
\Isay\j\b\i igna-\CX1minn\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p marked by or deserving humiliation and disgrace: 'an \Iignominious\j\b\i defeat'. \Bignominiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bignominy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ig\j\b\ina-minnee), \Inoun\j\b\i, disgrace or humiliation.
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\Hignoramus\h
\Isay\j\b\i igna-\CX1ra\j\b\i-mus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bignoramuses\j\b\i
an ignorant person. Latin, we do not know
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\Hignorant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ig\j\b\ina-r'nt \Padjective\p having little or no knowledge: 'I'm quite \Iignorant\j\b\i about art'.
\Pverb\p to fail or refuse to notice, pay attention, etc.
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\Higuana\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1gwah\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p any of a group of tropical lizards growing up to about 1.8 m long and found mainly in South America.
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\Hikebana\h
\Isay\j\b\i ikki-\CX1bah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p the Japanese art of flower arrangement. Japanese, living plant
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\Hikon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-kon \Pnoun\p See \Jicon\j\b\i.
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\Hil-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bin- (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hileum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ill\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the third portion of the small intestine, merging with the jejunum above and joined to the caecum below and absorbing digested food. \Bileac\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hilium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ill\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the broad, upper portion of the hip bone.
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\Hilk\h
\Pnoun\p a type or kind: 'people of his \Iilk\j\b\i are never happy'.
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\Hill\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not well or healthy.
\CX12.\j\b\i not good or favourable: 'the family has suffered much \Iill\j\b\i luck'.
\CX12.\j\b\i scarcely: 'we can \Iill\j\b\i afford to lose another member'.
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\Hill-advised\h
\Padjective\p not sensible or prudent.
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\Hill-bred\h
\Padjective\p not polite or well-mannered. \Bill-breeding\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hillegal\h
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1lee\j\b\i-g'l \Padjective\p not allowed by law. \Billegally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Billegality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i illi-\CX1gall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hillegible\h
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1lej\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be read or deciphered clearly. \Billegibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Billegibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i il-leji-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hillegitimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i illi-\CX1jitt\j\b\ii-mit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not legal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we declared that his argument was \Iillegitimate\j\b\i' (= not valid or logical).
\CX12.\j\b\i born of parents who were not married. \Billegitimately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Billegitimacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hill-fated\h
\Padjective\p doomed or destined for disaster.
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\Hill-favoured\h
\Padjective\p not attractive or pleasing in appearance.
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\Hill-founded\h
\Padjective\p based on false facts or reasoning: 'an \Iill-founded\j\b\i rumour'.
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1liss\j\b\iit \Padjective\p not legal or permitted.
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\Hilliterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1litt\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p not able to read and write.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an \Iilliterate\j\b\i belief' (= ignorant, uncultured). \Billiterate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is illiterate; \Billiteracy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hill-mannered\h
\Padjective\p bad-mannered or rude.
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\Hillness\h
\Pnoun\p a) the state or time of being in bad health. b) an ailment or disease.
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\Hillogical\h
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p not logical or reasonable. \Billogically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Billogicality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i il-loji-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hill-starred\h
\Padjective\p unlucky or ill-fated.
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\Hill-timed\h
\Padjective\p done or occurring at a bad or inappropriate time.
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\Hill-treat\h
\Pverb\p to treat badly. \Bill-treatment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hilluminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ill-\CX1oo\j\b\ima-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give light to. Also called to \Billumine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ill-\CX1oo\j\b\imin).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'can you \Iilluminate\j\b\i this discussion for me?' (= make clear).
\CX12.\j\b\i to decorate a book, page, etc., especially with flourishes on the letters, bright colours, etc. \Billumination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Billuminator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that illuminates.
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\Hillusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ill-\CX1oo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a false or deceptive appearance, belief, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the perceiving of something wrongly or in a way which does not actually exist: 'heavy fog created the \Iillusion\j\b\i that it was night-time'. \Billusionary\j\b\i, \Billusional\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Latin \Iilludere\j\b\i to mock \Billusion\j\b\i, \Bdelusion\j\b\i both describe false or deceptive mental experiences. An \Iillusion\j\b\i is a relatively common experience in which an object is incorrectly perceived, whereas a \Idelusion\j\b\i is an extreme belief which is persistently held despite all evidence to the contrary.
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\Hillusionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ill-\CX1oo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n-ist \Pnoun\p a conjurer using mirrors or other devices to produce special effects.
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\Hillusory\h
\Isay\j\b\i ill-\CX1oo\j\b\iza-ree \Padjective\p illusive \CX11.\j\b\i causing deception or illusion.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ill\j\b\ia-strate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to provide a book or other publication with drawings, diagrams, etc. related to the text.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make clear or explain, as with examples, etc. \Billustrated\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a magazine or book with illustrations; \Billustrative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to illustrate or explain; \Billustrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an artist who illustrates books, etc.
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\Hillustration\h
\Isay\j\b\i illa-\CX1stray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of illustrating or explaining.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reproduction of a drawing, photograph, etc. in a book or other publication.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which explains or demonstrates: 'she quoted the words of several modern scientists as an \Iillustration\j\b\i of her argument'.
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\Hillustrious\h
\Isay\j\b\i il-\CX1lust\j\b\iri-us \Padjective\p famous or celebrated. \Billustriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Billustriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Him-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bin- (2)\j\b\i.
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\Himage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a representation or likeness of something: 'despite her long absence her \Iimage\j\b\i remains in my memory'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is the \Iimage\j\b\i of her mother' (= exact copy or likeness).
\CX12.\j\b\i the way a person appears to himself or others: 'the Prime Minister's public \Iimage\j\b\i has improved'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i an optical reproduction or duplicate of something, especially one formed by a lens or mirror.
\CX14.\j\b\i a description of something in speech or writing to suggest a certain picture or idea of that thing: 'in describing him she used the \Iimage\j\b\i of a dog in the manger'. \Bimage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to imagine, reproduce or represent.
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\Himagery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\iij-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any mental pictures or images.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the creation or use of images in speech or writing. b) a pattern of images used.
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\Himaginary\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1maj\j\b\i-in-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having existence only in the imagination: 'your fears are purely \Iimaginary\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to the square root of a negative number, such as {\f14684 =\j\b\i-2. Compare \Jreal\j\b\i.
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\Himagination\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-maj-in-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the ability to form an image or concept of something not present or in one's experience.
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\Himaginative\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1maj\j\b\i-in-a-tiv \Padjective\p of or coming from the imagination, especially in a creative or unusual way. \Bimaginatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimaginativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himagine\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1maj\j\b\i-in \Pverb\p to use one's imagination.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Iimagine\j\b\i that you're right' (= suppose).
b) 'it was hard to \Iimagine\j\b\i what would happen' (= guess). \Bimaginable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be imagined.
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\Himago\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1ah\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p plural is \Bimagines\j\b\i or \Bimagos\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i an adult insect.
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\Himam\h
\Isay\j\b\i e-\CX1mar\j\b\im \Pnoun\p the leader of prayers in a mosque.
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\Himbecile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ibi-seel \Ior\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ibi-sile \Pnoun\p a) a person who is mentally deficient. b) any stupid person. \Bimbecile\j\b\i, \Bimbecilic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bimbecility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i imbi-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himbibe\h
\Pverb\p to drink.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the students \Iimbibed\j\b\i a devotion to literature from their favourite lecturer' (= absorbed, took in).
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\Himbroglio\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1brole\j\b\i-ee-o \Pnoun\p a complicated disagreement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his poems are \Iimbued\j\b\i with a spirit of joy' (= filled).
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\Himitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to follow the style or pattern set by another. \Bimitator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person, especially an actor, who imitates; \Bimitative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\iita-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bimitatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i immi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of imitating: 'his \Iimitation\j\b\i of her gestures was perfect'. b) a copy or reproduction: 'these jewels are \Iimitations\j\b\i'.
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\Himmaculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mak\j\b\i-yoolit \Padjective\p a) having no blemish, fault or impurity. b) perfectly clean or spotless. \Bimmaculately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmaculateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i imma-\CX1teer\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unimportant or irrelevant: 'cost is \Iimmaterial\j\b\i if you want good quality'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having no physical form: 'angels are \Iimmaterial\j\b\i beings'. \Bimmaterially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmateriality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i imma-teeri-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmature\h
\Isay\j\b\i imma-\CX1tew\j\b\ier \Padjective\p not mature or developed. \Bimmaturity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmediate\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mee\j\b\idi-it \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i done or occurring without delay.
\CX12.\j\b\i nearest or closest: 'my \Iimmediate\j\b\i circle of friends'.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to the present time: 'we have no \Iimmediate\j\b\i plans for the house'. \Bimmediately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) at once, b) closely or directly; \Bimmediacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being immediate.
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\Himmemorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i imma-\CX1maw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p not within human memory or recorded knowledge: 'this temple dates from time \Iimmemorial\j\b\i'. \Bimmemorially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himmense\h
\Padjective\p very large or great: a) 'an \Iimmense\j\b\i dog'; b) 'a stroke of \Iimmense\j\b\i good luck'; c) '\Iimmense\j\b\i pleasure'. \Bimmensely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmensity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmerse\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1merse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put in or under a liquid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is completely \Iimmersed\j\b\i in the music' (= involved, absorbed).
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\Himmersion\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mer\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of immersing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the disappearance of a planet or star during an eclipse, etc. Compare \Jemersion\j\b\i.
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\Himmersion heater\h
a hot-water system with an electric element inside the tank.
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\Himmigrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\ii-grate \Pverb\p to enter and settle in a country or region in which one was not born. Compare \Jemigrate\j\b\i. \Bimmigration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimmigrant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who immigrates.
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\Himminent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\ii-nint \Padjective\p about to occur at any moment. \Bimminence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimminently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iimminere\j\b\i to threaten
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\Himmiscible\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1miss\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be mixed or combined.
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\Himmobile\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mo\j\b\i-bile \Padjective\p not moving or mobile. \Bimmobility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i imma-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmobilise\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mo\j\b\i-bil-ize \Pverb\p immobilize \CX11.\j\b\i to make incapable of movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to withdraw capital from circulation, in order to create reserves.
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\Himmoderate\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1modd\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p extreme or unreasonable: 'his \Iimmoderate\j\b\i love of praise irritated the other performers'. \Bimmoderately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmoderateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmodest\h
\Padjective\p without shame or modesty. \Bimmodestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmodesty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imm\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to kill as a sacrifice or offering. \Bimmolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1morr\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p not moral or in accord with accepted moral standards. \Bimmorally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmorality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i imma-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bimmoral, amoral\j\b\i both concern moral codes and standards. Behaviour is said to be \Iimmoral\j\b\i when a person knows the difference between right and wrong, but deliberately chooses wrong. Behaviour is said to be \Iamoral\j\b\i when a person is not aware of this difference, but nonetheless acts wrongly according to prevailing moral codes and standards.
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\Himmortal\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mor\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p a) not subject to death or destruction: '\Iimmortal\j\b\i gods'. b) everlasting: '\Iimmortal\j\b\i fame'. \Bimmortal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an immortal person or thing; \Bimmortally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmortality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i immor-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmortelle\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jeverlasting\j\b\i.
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\Himmovable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1moo\j\b\iva-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be moved or changed. \Bimmovably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himmune\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1yoon\j\b\i \Padjective\p protected or safe, e.g. from a disease.
\Bimmunise\j\b\i, \Bimmunize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make immune, especially by inoculation or vaccination. \Bimmunity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being immune, b) special exemption; \Bimmunisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmunodeficiency\h
\Pnoun\p \IMedical:\j\b\i the state in which the body's ability to produce antibodies to fight disease is impaired.
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\Himmunology\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-yoo-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of immunity from disease and methods of producing it. \Bimmunologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himmunotherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1yoon\j\b\io-therra-pee \Pnoun\p a therapy which aims to immunise the patient by utilising the resources of the patient's body.
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\Himmure\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mew\j\b\ier \Pverb\p to enclose or shut in, usually within walls.
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\Himmutable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1mew\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p not changing or able to be changed. \Bimmutably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimmutability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-mewta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an elf.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mischievous or naughty child. \Bimpish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, mischievous; \Bimpishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpact\h
\Pnoun\p the striking or contact of one thing against another: 'the \Iimpact\j\b\i of the blow knocked him over'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the news had little \Iimpact\j\b\i on us' (= effect).
\Bimpacted\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i pressed or forced closely together.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a tooth) not able to grow out naturally. \Bimpact\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpair\h
\Pverb\p to spoil or make worse. \Bimpairment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpala\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pah\j\b\i-la \Pnoun\p a large African antelope.
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\Himpale\h
\Pverb\p to pierce through or fix on a sharp pointed object.
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\Himpalpable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pal\j\b\ipa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be touched or felt.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the painting had an \Iimpalpable\j\b\i beauty' (= not easy to understand or explain). \Bimpalpably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpalpability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impalpa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpart\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to tell: 'Helen \Iimparted\j\b\i the latest news to Bob'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give to: 'candlelight \Iimparted\j\b\i a cosy glow to the room'.
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\Himpartial\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1par\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p free from bias, prejudice or favouritism. \Bimpartiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-parshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpartially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpassable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pah\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be travelled or passed along. \Bimpassability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impahsa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpasse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\i-pahse \Pnoun\p a situation which allows no escape or solution. French
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\Himpassioned\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pash\j\b\i'nd \Padjective\p full of feeling or passion. \Bimpassion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpassive\h
\Padjective\p not feeling or expressing emotion: 'her \Iimpassive\j\b\i reaction to the news was very surprising'. \Bimpassivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impa-\CX1sivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpassively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpatient\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'nt \Padjective\p eager for relief, change or progress: '\Iimpatient\j\b\i because of the delay'. \Bimpatiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpatience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpeach\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to accuse a government official of a crime against the public.
\CX12.\j\b\i to attack or bring a charge against. \Bimpeachment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpeachable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making one likely to be impeached.
\Padjective\p about to happen or come: 'the town prepared for the \Iimpending\j\b\i flood'.
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\Himpenetrable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1penn\j\b\iitra-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be penetrated or entered.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the crime remained an \Iimpenetrable\j\b\i mystery' (= incomprehensible). \Bimpenetrability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-pennitra-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpenitent\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1penn\j\b\ii-t'nt \Padjective\p not repenting.
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\Himperative\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1perr\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i essential or compulsory: 'it is \Iimperative\j\b\i that we get there on time'.
\CX12.\j\b\i commanding or requiring obedience: 'his \Iimperative\j\b\i gesture made us leave without further ado'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jmood (2)\j\b\i. \Bimperative\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a command, b) (Grammar) the imperative mood.
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\Himperceptible\h
\Isay\j\b\i impa-\CX1sept\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p almost unable to be seen or perceived: 'through the heavy beard his smile was \Iimperceptible\j\b\i'. \Bimperceptibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himperfect\h
\Padjective\p not perfect or complete.
\Bimperfect\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IGrammar:\j\b\i the tense of a \Pverb\p which expresses an event not completed at the time referred to. \IExample:\j\b\i it happened as I \Iwas walking\j\b\i across the road. \Bimperfectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimperfection\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impa-\CX1fek\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being imperfect, b) a fault or flaw.
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\Himperial\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1peer\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of an empire or its ruler.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a grand or commanding manner.
\CX13.\j\b\i of the system of weights and measures legally established in Britain.
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\Himperial bushel\h
See \Jbushel\j\b\i.
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\Himperial gallon\h
a unit of volume equal to about 4.55 litres.
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\Himperialism\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1peer\j\b\iia-lizm \Pnoun\p also called \Bcolonialism\j\b\i
the dominance of one country over another, either by direct rule or by economic or military influence. \Bimperialist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimperialist\j\b\i, \Bimperialistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1per\j\b\imia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be passed through. \Bimpermeability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-permia-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpermeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpersonal\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1per\j\b\isa-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not influenced by or expressing personal feelings: 'doctors cultivate an \Iimpersonal\j\b\i attitude towards patients'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i not referring to a particular person or thing. \IExample:\j\b\i \Iit\j\b\i seems you are right. \Bimpersonally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpersonate\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1per\j\b\isa-nate \Pverb\p to imitate or act the part of. \Bimpersonator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person, especially an actor, who impersonates others; \Bimpersonation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpertinent\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1per\j\b\iti-nant \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i rude or presumptuous.
\CX12.\j\b\i not relevant or appropriate. \Bimpertinence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being impertinent, b) any cheeky or impudent behaviour; \Bimpertinently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himperturbable\h
\Isay\j\b\i impa-\CX1ter\j\b\iba-b'l \Padjective\p not easily agitated or excited. \Bimperturbability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impa-terba-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimperturbably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpervious\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1per\j\b\ivi-us \Padjective\p imperviable not allowing the passage of fluids, etc.: '\Iimpervious\j\b\i rock'.
\Bimpervious to\j\b\i, 'she is \Iimpervious to\j\b\i criticism from anybody' (= unaffected by). \Bimperviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimperviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpetigo\h
\Isay\j\b\i impi-\CX1tie\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p an infectious condition of the skin which causes ulcers, usually on the face, especially in children.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1imp\j\b\ii-tus \Pnoun\p a) the energy or force of something which is moving. b) a stimulus or impulse: 'success provided a new \Iimpetus\j\b\i to work harder'.
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\Himpiety\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pie\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p a lack of respect or religious reverence.
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\Himpinge\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pinj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to have an effect or impact on.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the harsh voice \Iimpinged\j\b\i on the restful silence' (= broke in, interrupted).
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\Himpious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipi-us \Padjective\p without respect or religious reverence. \Bimpiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jimp\j\b\i.
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\Himplacable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1plakk\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be appeased or pacified: 'the \Iimplacable\j\b\i enemy ignored all attempts to negotiate'. \Bimplacability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-plakka-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimplacably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himplant\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1plahnt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to plant or fix in: 'the image was firmly \Iimplanted\j\b\i in her mind'.
any substance put into a body, such as a grafted tissue, a drug, radioactive substances, etc. \Bimplantation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himplausible\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1plaw\j\b\iza-b'l \Padjective\p not appearing likely to be true. \Bimplausibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimplausibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-plawza-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himplement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipli-m'nt \Pnoun\p any tool.
to put into use or effect: 'the new road rules will be strictly \Iimplemented\j\b\i'. \Bimplementation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipli-kate \Pverb\p to involve in or with something: a) 'he is \Iimplicated\j\b\i in the crime because he knew of it beforehand'; b) 'the evidence \Iimplicates\j\b\i him'.
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\Himplication\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being implicated: 'her \Iimplication\j\b\i in the crime was proved beyond doubt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is implied or suggested: 'the serious \Iimplications\j\b\i of his words only struck us later'.
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\Himplicit\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pliss\j\b\iit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being implied or suggested but not actually expressed: 'mother's \Iimplicit\j\b\i disapproval'.
\CX12.\j\b\i absolute or unquestioning: 'an \Iimplicit\j\b\i belief in all she was taught'. \Bimplicitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimplicitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jexplicit\j\b\i.
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\Himplode\h
\Pverb\p to burst inwards. Compare \Jexplode\j\b\i.
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\Himplore\h
\Pverb\p to ask earnestly or urgently. \Bimploringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himplosion\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1plo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a bursting inwards. \Bimplode\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to suggest in a subtle or indirect way: 'your terseness \Iimplies\j\b\i that you are very busy'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to require or involve logically or necessarily: 'movement \Iimplies\j\b\i energy'. \Bimply, infer\j\b\i both have to do with communicating information. To \Iimply\j\b\i means to suggest or hint at and concerns the giving of information; whereas to \Iinfer\j\b\i means to deduce and concerns the receiving of information. Following from this, the writer or speaker \Iimplies\j\b\i meaning, while the reader or listener \Iinfers\j\b\i meaning.
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\Himpolite\h
\Padjective\p not polite. \Bimpolitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himponderable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pond\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be weighed or estimated. \Bimponderably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimponderable\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which cannot be weighed or estimated, such as an emotion.
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\Himport\h
\Isay\j\b\i im\CX1port\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring in from an outside source, especially a foreign country.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mean or signify.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to take information such as text or graphics into one program or system from another. Compare \Jexport\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which is imported or brought from outside.
\CX12.\j\b\i the meaning: 'what was the \Iimport\j\b\i of his visit?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i importance: 'it was a message of some \Iimport\j\b\i for all of us'. \Bimportation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of importing, especially foreign goods, b) something that is imported; \Bimporter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or company that imports goods.
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\Himportant\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1port\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of great meaning, significance, value, etc.: 'an \Iimportant\j\b\i role in the play'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having great power or influence: 'an \Iimportant\j\b\i person'. \Bimportance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimportantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1port\j\b\i-yoon \Pverb\p to beg or press for urgently.
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\Himpose\h
\Pverb\p to establish or place from, or as if from, a position of authority: 'the judge \Iimposed\j\b\i a heavy fine on the convicted vandals'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do not let that lazy man \Iimpose\j\b\i on you' (= make demands, take advantage of).
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\Himposing\h
\Padjective\p impressive.
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\Himposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i impa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of laying or placing on. b) anything which is imposed, such as a burden, punishment, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deceiving or taking advantage of.
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\Himpossible\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not possible.
\CX12.\j\b\i not able to be tolerated: 'what an \Iimpossible\j\b\i person!'. \Bimpossibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpossibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i impossi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpost\h
\Pnoun\p a tax or duty, especially customs duty.
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\Himpostor\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pos\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a person who deceives or commits a fraud, especially under an assumed name. \Bimposture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or practice of deceiving, b) a deception.
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\Himpotent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipa-t'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no strength, power or effect.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a man) unable to develop an erection in response to sexual stimuli. \Bimpotence\j\b\i, \Bimpotency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpotently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpound\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to shut in or as if in a pound: 'the lost dog was \Iimpounded\j\b\i until its owner could be found'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to seize legally: 'the stolen goods were \Iimpounded\j\b\i by the police'.
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\Himpoverish\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1povv\j\b\ia-rish \Pverb\p to make poor: 'the family was \Iimpoverished\j\b\i by years of medical costs'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'language is \Iimpoverished\j\b\i by misuse' (= made poor in quality). \Bimpoverishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpracticable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1prak\j\b\itika-b'l \Padjective\p not practicable. \Bimpracticability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-praktika-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bimpractical\j\b\i.
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\Himpractical\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1prak\j\b\i-tik'l \Padjective\p not practical, unrealistic. \Bimpractical, impracticable\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IImpractical\j\b\i describes things that are useless or people who show little common sense; \Iimpracticable\j\b\i describes things that are unuseable or impossible to put into practice.
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\Himprecation\h
\Isay\j\b\i impri-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a curse. \Bimprecate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bimprecatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Himpregnable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1preg\j\b\ina-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be taken or overcome: 'the strong walls of the fort made it \Iimpregnable\j\b\i'. \Bimpregnability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-pregna-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimpregnably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himpregnate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipreg-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fertilise or make pregnant.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fill throughout: 'the water was \Iimpregnated\j\b\i with salt'. \Bimpregnation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpresario\h
\Isay\j\b\i impra-\CX1sah\j\b\i-rio \Pnoun\p a producer or manager of theatrical or musical entertainments. Italian \Iimpresa\j\b\i enterprise
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\Himpress (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1press\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to affect or influence the opinion of, especially favourably: 'we were all \Iimpressed\j\b\i by the excellent food at the hotel'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Iimpress\j\b\i her with the seriousness of the matter' (= make see).
\CX12.\j\b\i to press or stamp. \Bimpress\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\i-press), \Inoun\j\b\i, a mark made by pressing or stamping.
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\Himpress (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1press\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take forcibly for public use or service: 'civilians were \Iimpressed\j\b\i into the armed forces when war broke out'. See \Jpress-gang\j\b\i.
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\Himpression\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark or shape made by pressing, stamping, etc.: 'the dentist made a wax \Iimpression\j\b\i of her front teeth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an effect or influence on the mind or feelings: a) 'his rudeness creates a bad \Iimpression\j\b\i'; b) 'I get the \Iimpression\j\b\i you don't like him'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an imitation: 'he does \Iimpressions\j\b\i of famous people as a stage act'.
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\Himpressionable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1presh\j\b\i'na-b'l \Padjective\p easily impressed or influenced.
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\Himpressionism\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n-izm \Pnoun\p a style of painting, music or literature aimed at suggesting mood or immediate feelings about a subject, rather than close surface detail or analysis. \Bimpressionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person using the style of impressionism, b) a person who imitates people; \Bimpressionist\j\b\i, \Bimpressionistic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Himpressive\h
\Padjective\p having a strong or awesome effect or impression. \Bimpressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpressiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himprimatur\h
\Isay\j\b\i imprim-\CX1aht\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p official permission or approval to do something, such as to publish a book. Latin, let it be printed
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\Himprint\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\i-print \Pnoun\p a mark made by pressing or stamping.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his unhappy childhood left a powerful \Iimprint\j\b\i on his character' (= effect, impression). \Bimprint\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1print\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to print, stamp or impress.
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\Himprison\h
\Pverb\p to put in prison. \Bimprisonment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himprobable\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1probb\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not probable or likely.
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\Himpromptu\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1promp\j\b\i-tew \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p done or made without any preparation, practice, etc. \Bimpromptu\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an impromptu performance. Latin \Iin promptu\j\b\i in readiness
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\Himproper\h
\Padjective\p not suitable or correct, especially according to moral conventions.
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\Himproper fraction\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfraction\j\b\i.
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\Himpropriety\h
\Isay\j\b\i impra-\CX1pry\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of being improper or unsuitable. b) any improper action, etc.
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\Himprove\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1proov\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become better.
\CX12.\j\b\i to clear, cultivate or increase the value of land.
\Bimprovement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of improving. b) anything which improves or adds to the beauty, value, etc. of another: 'bright colours made a great \Iimprovement\j\b\i to the old house'.
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\Himprovident\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1provv\j\b\ii-d'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not cautious or prudent.
\CX12.\j\b\i not providing for the future. \Bimprovidence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimprovidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Himprovise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1im\j\b\ipra-vize \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to do or create something without preparation, practice, sufficient materials, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i of a singer or instrumentalist, to invent and perform passages of music, usually based on the chord structure of a formal composition. \Bimprovisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of improvising, b) anything which is improvised; \Bimproviser\j\b\i, \Bimprovisator\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1provv\j\b\ii-zayta), \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who improvises.
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\Himprudent\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1proo\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p not prudent or discreet. \Bimprudence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bimprudently\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pewn\j\b\i \Pverb\p to challenge or call into doubt or question.
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\Himpulse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden urge or desire: 'he felt a great \Iimpulse\j\b\i to dance on the sand'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stimulating force or effect.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a nerve impulse.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the product of a force and the time for which it acts on a body.
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\Himpulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of impelling or driving forward. b) a force or impulse.
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\Himpulsive\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pul\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i rash or hasty: 'an \Iimpulsive\j\b\i spender'.
\CX12.\j\b\i done on an impulse: 'she gave an \Iimpulsive\j\b\i smile'. \Bimpulsively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bimpulsiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpunity\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pew\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p a freedom from punishment or the consequences of one's actions.
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\Himpure\h
\Padjective\p not pure. \Bimpurity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Himpute\h
\Isay\j\b\i im-\CX1pewt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to attribute to or blame with. \Bimputation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hin- (1)\h
a prefix meaning in or into, as in \Iinclude\j\b\i.
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\Hin- (2)\h
a prefix meaning not, lacking or without, as in \Iinvariable\j\b\i. Variants of in- are: \Bil-\j\b\i (\Iillegal\j\b\i), \Bim-\j\b\i (\Iimpossible\j\b\i) and \Bir-\j\b\i (\Iirregular\j\b\i).
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\Hin\h
preposition a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i (place) 'a house \Iin\j\b\i the country'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (time) '6 o'clock \Iin\j\b\i the morning'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (direction) 'walk \Iin\j\b\i a straight line'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (situation, condition) a) 'they're \Iin\j\b\i love'; b) 'she is \Iin\j\b\i a rage'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (inclusion) 'six children \Iin\j\b\i the family'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (manner, method) a) 'she talks \Iin\j\b\i a posh way'; b) 'he paints \Iin\j\b\i oil colours'.
\CX17.\j\b\i (form, shape) a) 'stand \Iin\j\b\i a line'; b) 'her hair hung \Iin\j\b\i pigtails'.
\Bin for\j\b\i, 'we are \Iin for\j\b\i rain' (= about to experience).
\Bin on\j\b\i, 'who else is \Iin on\j\b\i the joke?' (= aware of, involved in).
\Bin that\j\b\i, because.
\Bin\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i special uses with many common \Pverb\ps to produce specific meanings: a) '\Icome in\j\b\i' (= to enter); b) '\Ifill in\j\b\i' (= to complete, to substitute); c) '\Igive in\j\b\i' (= to surrender); d) '\Istep in\j\b\i' (= to intervene).
\CX12.\j\b\i special uses with the \Pverb\p to be:
a) 'she'll be \Iin\j\b\i late' (= back, at home).
b) 'she's \Iin\j\b\i with the committee' (= in a favoured position).
c) 'when are artichokes \Iin\j\b\i?' (= in season, available).
d) 'which team is \Iin\j\b\i at the moment?' (= batting).
\CX13.\j\b\i most fashionable or up-to-date: a) 'are digital watches \Iin\j\b\i this winter?'; b) he uses the latest \Iin-words\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large or public gathering for a specific activity: 'the strikers staged a \Isit-in\j\b\i'.
\Bin\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bins and outs\j\b\i, the details or intricacies.
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\Hinability\h
\Isay\j\b\i inna-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a lack of power or capacity.
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\Hin absentia\h
\Isay\j\b\i in ab-\CX1sen\j\b\isha in or during one's absence. Latin
\Isay\j\b\i in-ad-\CX1ver\j\b\i-t'nt \Padjective\p not intended or deliberate: 'her hurtful remark had been quite \Iinadvertent\j\b\i'. \Binadvertently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binadvertency\j\b\i, \Binadvertence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinalienable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ay\j\b\ilien-ab'l \Padjective\p not able to be taken away: 'every citizen has an \Iinalienable\j\b\i right to life'.
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\Hinane\h
\Padjective\p silly or senseless. \Binanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binanity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ann\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinanis\j\b\i empty, vain
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\Hinanimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ann\j\b\ii-mit \Padjective\p not having life: 'chairs are \Iinanimate\j\b\i objects'.
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\Hinapplicable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inna-\CX1plikk\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not applicable: 'your theory is \Iinapplicable\j\b\i to the present situation'.
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\Hinappropriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inna-\CX1pro\j\b\i-pree-it \Padjective\p not appropriate or suitable. \Binappropriately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binappropriateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinapt\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unskilful.
\CX12.\j\b\i not apt or appropriate. \Binaptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binaptness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binaptitude\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack of skill or talent.
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\Hinarticulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i innar-\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoolit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to speak or express oneself clearly: 'she was made \Iinarticulate\j\b\i by indignation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not using human speech: 'the \Iinarticulate\j\b\i cries of animals'. \Binarticulateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binarticulately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinasmuch\h
\Padverb\p \Binasmuch as\j\b\i, since or because.
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\Hinattentive\h
\Padjective\p not attentive. \Binattention\j\b\i, \Binattentiveness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hinaudible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1awd\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be heard. \Binaudibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinauguration\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-aw-gew-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal or official introduction, opening, etc., such as the installing of an official in office.
\CX12.\j\b\i any important beginning. \Binaugurate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1aw\j\b\i-gew-rate), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Binaugural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or for an inauguration.
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\Hinauspicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-naw-\CX1spish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p not favourable or auspicious. \Binauspiciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinboard\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p being within the hull of a boat: 'an \Iinboard\j\b\i motor'.
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\Hinborn\h
\Padjective\p natural or possessed from birth: 'he has an \Iinborn\j\b\i artistic ability'.
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\Hinbred\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i inborn.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to or resulting from inbreeding.
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\Hinbreeding\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the mating of closely related individuals which often discloses genetic weaknesses.
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\HInca\h
\Pnoun\p a) any member of the major tribe of South American Indians in Peru, at the time of the Spanish invasion in 1519. b) the ruler of these people.
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\Hincalculable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kal\j\b\ikew-la-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be calculated.
\CX12.\j\b\i uncertain or unpredictable: 'the weather is quite \Iincalculable\j\b\i this autumn'. \Bincalculably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincandescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kan-\CX1dess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p giving out light as a result of being heated. \Bincandescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincandesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincantation\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kan-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) a spell. b) the chanting of a spell. \Bincantatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kan-\CX1tay\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hincapable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kay\j\b\ipa-b'l \Padjective\p not capable: 'he is \Iincapable\j\b\i of talking quietly'. \Bincapability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kaypa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincapacitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inka-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to take away the strength, power or ability of: 'the car accident \Iincapacitated\j\b\i him for many weeks'.
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\Hincapacity\h
\Isay\j\b\i inka-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a lack of ability or capability.
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\Hincarcerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kar\j\b\isa-rate \Pverb\p to shut in or confine. \Bincarceration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincarnate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kar\j\b\init \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having acquired a body or human form: 'a goddess \Iincarnate\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being the personification of: 'that man is wisdom \Iincarnate\j\b\i'. \Bincarnation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kar-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of becoming incarnate, b) a person or thing seen as representing a special quality, etc.; \Bincarnate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kar\j\b\inate), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincautious\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kaw\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p not cautious or careful.
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\Hincendiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1send\j\b\i-ya-ree \Padjective\p relating to the starting of fires.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the union leader's \Iincendiary\j\b\i speech inspired the workers' (= provocative).
\Bincendiary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing, such as a bomb or shell containing phosphorus, which starts fires.
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\Hincense (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-sense \Pnoun\p a gum or other substance which gives a pleasant smell when burnt, often used in religious ceremonies.
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\Hincense (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sense\j\b\i \Pverb\p to enrage.
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\Hincentive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sen\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p something which encourages a person to do something: 'the promise of a holiday was an \Iincentive\j\b\i for her to pass her exams'.
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\Hinception\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a beginning.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-sest \Pnoun\p the act of sexual intercourse between a male and a female who are so closely related that marriage between them is forbidden by law. \Bincestuous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bincestuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincestuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iincestus\j\b\i unchaste
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\Hinch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a unit of length equal to one-twelfth of a foot, about 2.54 cm.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small distance or margin: 'she escaped death by \Iinches\j\b\i'.
\Bevery inch\j\b\i, 'the young ruler looked \Ievery inch\j\b\i a queen in her ceremonial robes' (= in every respect). \Binch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to move by inches or very small degrees.
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\Hinchoate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ko\j\b\i-ate \Padjective\p just begun, half-formed or undeveloped: 'a vague, \Iinchoate\j\b\i idea'.
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\Hincidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isi-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the extent or frequency with which something occurs: 'the \Iincidence\j\b\i of road accidents'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or the manner of falling upon a surface: 'notice the angle of \Iincidence\j\b\i of the light falling on this screen'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the partial overlapping of two figures, or a figure and a line.
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\Hincident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isi-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an event, especially one of less importance than others.
\CX12.\j\b\i a serious or unpleasant event, such as a fight. \Bincident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, incidental to.
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\Hincidental\h
\Isay\j\b\i insi-\CX1den\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i accompanying but not forming a necessary or important part of: a) '\Iincidental\j\b\i music'; b) '\Iincidental\j\b\i expenses'.
\CX12.\j\b\i occurring with or as a natural result of: 'scratches and bruises \Iincidental\j\b\i to the profession of a lady wrestler'. \Bincidentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in an incidental manner; \Bincidentals\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, any minor expenses. See \Jaccidental\j\b\i.
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\Hincinerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sinn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to consume by burning. \Bincineration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincinerator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an enclosed chamber for burning rubbish.
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\Hincipient\h
\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1sipp\j\b\ii-ent \Padjective\p in an early stage.
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\Hincision\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) a cut or gash made with a sharp instrument. b) the act of making such a cut. \Bincise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1size\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincisive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-siv \Padjective\p penetrating or keen: 'her \Iincisive\j\b\i comments on the play summed it up in a nutshell'. \Bincisively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincisiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincisor\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-zor \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the sharp flat teeth at the front of the jaw, for cutting and biting food.
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\Hincite\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1site\j\b\i \Pverb\p to stir up or provoke to action.
\Bincitement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of inciting: 'you're charged with the \Iincitement\j\b\i of a riot'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which incites: 'your words acted as an \Iincitement\j\b\i to the mob'. \Binciter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincitingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinclement\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1klemm\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p (of the weather) stormy or harsh. \Binclemently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binclemency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincline\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kline\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to deviate from the vertical or horizontal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iinclined\j\b\i his head in silent agreement' (= bent or bowed).
\CX12.\j\b\i to have or cause a tendency: a) 'I'm \Iinclined\j\b\i to be lazy'; b) 'your letter \Iinclined\j\b\i her to think you were in trouble'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a slope or slant. b) the degree of this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tendency or liking: 'an \Iinclination\j\b\i to talk too much'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the angle between two intersecting lines or planes. \Bincline\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-kline), \Inoun\j\b\i, a slope.
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\Hinclude\h
\Pverb\p to contain or consider as part of a group or whole: 'don't forget to \Iinclude\j\b\i her on the invitation list'.
\Binclusive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i taking everything into account: 'our charges are \Iinclusive\j\b\i of tips'.
\CX12.\j\b\i including the limits specified: 'from 16 to 22 \Iinclusive\j\b\i'. \Binclusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kloo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binclusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binclusiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact of being inclusive.
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\Hincognito\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kog-\CX1nee\j\b\ito \Padverb\p, \Padjective\p with one's name, identity, etc. concealed. \Bincognito\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kog\j\b\inito), \Inoun\j\b\i, the false identity assumed by a person who is incognito. Italian, unknown
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\Hincoherent\h
\Isay\j\b\i inko-\CX1heer\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not connected or ordered: 'rewrite this \Iincoherent\j\b\i sentence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unable to express oneself clearly: 'he was \Iincoherent\j\b\i with fury'. \Bincoherently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincoherence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincombustible\h
\Padjective\p unable to be set on fire. \Bincombustible\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ikum \Pnoun\p the total of payments received, usually in a year, from salary or wages, investments, rents, business operations, etc.
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\Hincoming\h
\Padjective\p a) coming in: 'the \Iincoming\j\b\i tide'. b) about to take office: 'the \Iincoming\j\b\i President'.
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\Hincommensurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inka-\CX1men\j\b\isha-rit \Padjective\p also called \Bincommensurable\j\b\i
disproportionate or not comparable: 'his notions of his own importance are \Iincommensurate\j\b\i with his abilities'. \Bincommensurability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inka-menshera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincommunicado\h
\Isay\j\b\i inka-mewni-\CX1kah\j\b\ido \Padjective\p without the means or right of communicating with others, especially as a prisoner.
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\Hincomparable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kom\j\b\ipera-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be equalled: '\Iincomparable\j\b\i beauty'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not capable of comparison: 'they are as \Iincomparable\j\b\i as cheese and chalk'. \Bincomparably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincomparability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kompera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincompatible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kom-\CX1patt\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unable to exist in harmony.
\CX12.\j\b\i not consistent with; logically opposed to. \Bincompatibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincompatibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kom-patti-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincompetent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kom\j\b\ipi-t'nt \Padjective\p not competent. \Bincompetent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is incompetent; \Bincompetently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincompetence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincomplete\h
\Padjective\p not complete.
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\Hincomprehensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kompra-\CX1hen\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be understood.
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\Hinconceivable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1see\j\b\iva-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be imagined. \Binconceivably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinconclusive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kon-\CX1kloo\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p a) not decisive or convincing: 'an \Iinconclusive\j\b\i argument'. b) not bringing a definite result: '\Iinconclusive\j\b\i experiments'. \Binconclusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binconclusiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincongruent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kon\j\b\i-grew'nt \Padjective\p not congruent, out of place. \Bincongruence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincongruently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincongruous\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kon\j\b\i-grew-us \Padjective\p out of place or inappropriate: 'the bathroom seemed an \Iincongruous\j\b\i place for a writing desk'. \Bincongruously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincongruousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincongruity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kon-\CX1grew\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being incongruous, b) something incongruous.
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\Hinconsequent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kon\j\b\isi-kw'nt \Padjective\p not consistent with or following logically from what has gone before: 'an \Iinconsequent\j\b\i remark'. \Binconsequence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binconsequently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinconsequential\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-konsi-\CX1kwen\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not consistent or logical.
\CX12.\j\b\i of little or no importance. \Binconsequentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinconsiderable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1sidd\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i small in value, amount, size, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i unworthy of notice.
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\Hinconsiderate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1sidd\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p lacking regard for the feelings of others. \Binconsiderately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binconsiderateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinconsistent\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1sist\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p self-contradictory or lacking agreement between the parts: 'his account of the accident was \Iinconsistent\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what he practises is \Iinconsistent\j\b\i with what he preaches' (= not in harmony).
b) 'he's so \Iinconsistent\j\b\i you never know what he'll do next' (= changeable). \Binconsistently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binconsistency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being inconsistent, b) something inconsistent.
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\Hinconsolable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1sole\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being consoled.
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\Hinconsonant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kon\j\b\isa-nent \Padjective\p not in accord or agreement: 'her account was \Iinconsonant\j\b\i with the facts'.
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\Hinconspicuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1spik\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p not conspicuous. \Binconspicuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binconspicuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinconstant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kon\j\b\i-st'nt \Padjective\p not constant: '\Iinconstant\j\b\i winds'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Iinconstant\j\b\i affection for him caused him endless worry' (= fickle). \Binconstancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binconstantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p lacking self-control or self-restraint, such as being unable to control one's urination. \Bincontinence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincontinently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincontrovertible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-kontra-\CX1vert\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be disputed. \Bincontrovertibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinconvenient\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkon-\CX1vee\j\b\ini-ent \Padjective\p not convenient. \Binconveniently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binconvenience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binconvenience\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause trouble, difficulty, etc. to.
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\Hinconvertible\h
\Padjective\p not able to be converted or exchanged.
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\Hincorporate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kor\j\b\ipa-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take in or include as part of a whole: 'he \Iincorporated\j\b\i my suggestion into his final draft'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to register a business as a company. \Bincorporation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincorporeal\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkor-\CX1paw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p having no physical or bodily form.
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\Hincorrect\h
\Padjective\p not correct: a) 'an \Iincorrect\j\b\i answer'; b) '\Iincorrect\j\b\i behaviour'. \Bincorrectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincorrectness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincorrigible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1korr\j\b\iija-b'l \Padjective\p incapable of reform or change: a) 'an \Iincorrigible\j\b\i criminal'; b) '\Iincorrigible\j\b\i habits'. \Bincorrigibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincorruptible\h
\Isay\j\b\i inko-\CX1rup\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not capable of physical decay.
\CX12.\j\b\i not capable of being corrupted. \Bincorruptibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inko-rupta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bincorruptibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hincrease\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kreece\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make or become greater or larger.
a) a growing or becoming greater. b) the amount of growth or addition. \Bincreasingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, more and more.
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\Hincredible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kredd\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p unbelievable: 'an \Iincredible\j\b\i act of rudeness'. \Bincredibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincredibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kredda-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bincredible, incredulous\j\b\i. Remember that \Iincredible\j\b\i means unbelievable and you should have few problems here: 'his strange story was \Iincredible\j\b\i.' \IIncredulous\j\b\i means unable or unwilling to believe someone or something: 'we listened to her story but remained \Iincredulous\j\b\i'.
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\Hincredulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kred\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p disbelieving: 'she dismissed my excuse with an \Iincredulous\j\b\i sneer'. \Bincredulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bincredulity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inkred-\CX1yoo\j\b\ila-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jincredible\j\b\i.
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\Hincrement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ikri-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an increase or gain: 'his salary is subject to annual \Iincrements\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a small change in a variable.
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\Hincriminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1krimm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to involve or implicate in an accusation of wrongdoing. \Bincrimination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hincrustation\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of encrusting.
\CX12.\j\b\i an outer layer, deposit or coat: 'the wind from the sea left an \Iincrustation\j\b\i of salt on the car's windscreen'.
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\Hincubate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-kewbate \Pverb\p to keep something at an even and favourable temperature, as when hatching eggs, keeping premature babies warm, growing bacterial cultures, etc. \Bincubator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an apparatus which regulates temperature in an enclosed space; \Bincubatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bincubation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinculcate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-kulkate \Pverb\p to instil in the mind, especially by repetition or persistent urging. \Binculcation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinculcare\j\b\i to tread in
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\Hincumbent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kum\j\b\i-b'nt \Padjective\p resting upon one as a duty: 'it is \Iincumbent\j\b\i upon you to warn the children of the dangers of smoking'. \Bincumbent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person holding a church or other office; \Bincumbency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office held by an incumbent.
\CX12.\j\b\i under an obligation. \Bindebtedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindecent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dee\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i offensive to good taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unseemly: 'he left the room in \Iindecent\j\b\i haste'. \Bindecently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindecency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindecipherable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1sigh\j\b\ifera-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being deciphered.
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\Hindecision\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the state of being unable to decide. \Bindecisive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-siv), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bindecisively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Padverb\p truly or in fact: 'were you pleased with your raise?' 'I was \Iindeed\j\b\i!'.
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\Hindefatigable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1fatt\j\b\iiga-b'l \Padjective\p untiring or incapable of being tired out. \Bindefatigably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindefeasible\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1fee\j\b\iza-b'l \Padjective\p not to be annulled or made void: 'an \Iindefeasible\j\b\i right'.
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\Hindefensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1fen\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being defended: a) 'an \Iindefensible\j\b\i error'; b) 'an \Iindefensible\j\b\i island'.
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\Hindefinable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1fine\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being defined: 'an \Iindefinable\j\b\i longing'. \Bindefinably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindefinite\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1deff\j\b\ii-nit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not definite.
\CX12.\j\b\i unlimited: 'an \Iindefinite\j\b\i amount of time'.
\Bindefinite article\j\b\i
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jarticle\j\b\i. \Bindefinitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without limits.
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\Hindelible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dell\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p incapable of being rubbed out or removed. \Bindelibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindelicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dell\j\b\ii-kit \Padjective\p lacking refinement or good taste: a) 'an \Iindelicate\j\b\i remark'; b) '\Iindelicate\j\b\i inquiries'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to insure or protect against possible loss or damage.
\CX12.\j\b\i to compensate for damage incurred. \Bindemnification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-demnifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the process of indemnifying, b) compensation.
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\Hindemnity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dem\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a protection or security against damage or loss. b) compensation for damage or loss incurred.
\CX12.\j\b\i a legal exemption from penalties incurred. Latin \Iindemnis\j\b\i unharmed
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\Hindent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dent\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to set a line or group of lines in from the margin when writing or printing.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form deep notches or recesses in an edge or surface: 'a coastline \Iindented\j\b\i by the sea'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to order goods by official requisition: 'the company's Asian subsidiary \Iindented\j\b\i on London for new stock'.
a) an official requisition for stores. b) an order for goods, usually from abroad. \Bindentation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inden-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindenture\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1den\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) an agreement made between two or more persons, especially one between apprentice and employer. \Bindenture\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindependent\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1pen\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p not dependent on, influenced or controlled by others: a) 'the colony fought to become \Iindependent\j\b\i of foreign control'; b) 'let me make an \Iindependent\j\b\i choice'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'everyone made \Iindependent\j\b\i transport arrangements' (= separate).
\Bindependent means\j\b\i, an income derived by means other than earning a salary, etc. \Bindependent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is independent, especially a person who does not belong to any political party; \Bindependently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindependence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindependent variable\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfunction\j\b\i.
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\Hindescribable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1skribe\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be described. \Bindescribably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindestructible\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1struk\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being destroyed. \Bindestructibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindestructibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-strukta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindeterminable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1ter\j\b\imina-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be ascertained: 'with no clues, the killer's identity is \Iindeterminable\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not able to be decided or settled: 'it's only her word against his, so the argument is \Iindeterminable\j\b\i'.
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\Hindeterminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1ter\j\b\imi-nit \Padjective\p not fixed or definite.
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\Hindex\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bindexes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a list of names, subjects, references etc. in alphabetical order, e.g. at the end of a book, on cards in a library, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that serves to indicate: 'alertness is an \Iindex\j\b\i of intelligence'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jexponent\j\b\i. Plural is \Bindices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idi-seez).
\CX14.\j\b\i a chart or table of relative levels of wages, prices, etc.
\Bindex\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with or enter into an alphabetical list.
\CX12.\j\b\i to adjust wages, etc. to increases in the cost of living. \Bindexation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indek-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin, forefinger, sign
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\Hindex finger\h
the forefinger.
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\HIndian\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a member of one of the races which inhabit India.
\CX12.\j\b\i a Native American.
\BWest Indian\j\b\i, a member of one of the races which inhabit the West Indies. \BIndian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HIndian file\h
single file.
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\HIndian hemp\h
See \Jmarijuana\j\b\i.
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\HIndian ink\h
a black ink, originally from China and Japan.
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\HIndian summer\h
\CX11.\j\b\i (originally of America) a period of fine, warm, summery weather occurring in autumn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a renewal of youthful spirits or health in later life.
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\Hindiarubber\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrubber (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hindicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idi-kate \Pverb\p to show or point out: 'the signpost \Iindicates\j\b\i the way to town'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iindicated\j\b\i his intention of resigning' (= expressed in a general way). \Bindication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of indicating, b) something which indicates.
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\Hindicative\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dikk\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i giving indications of: 'that remark is \Iindicative\j\b\i of his whole attitude'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jmood (2)\j\b\i. \Bindicatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindicator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idi-kayta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that shows or gives information, such as a flashing light used to indicate that a motor vehicle is turning.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a substance which, by a distinct colour change, shows that a chemical reaction is complete, or shows the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of a solution.
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\Hindices\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idi-seez plural \Pnoun\p See \Jindex\j\b\i.
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\Hindict\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dite\j\b\i \Pverb\p to accuse, as a means of bringing a person to trial before a jury. \Bindictable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making one liable to be indicted; \Bindictment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an accusation.
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\Hindifferent\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no interest in or care for: 'she's coldly \Iindifferent\j\b\i to my suffering'.
\CX12.\j\b\i mediocre or commonplace: 'an \Iindifferent\j\b\i performance of the opera'. \Bindifferently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindifference\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) lack of interest or concern, b) unimportance, c) mediocre quality.
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\Hindigenous\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dij\j\b\ii-nus \Padjective\p originating or being native to a particular place: 'wallabies are \Iindigenous\j\b\i to Australia'. \Bindigenously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindigene\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idi-jeen), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is indigenous.
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1jes\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p also called \Bdyspepsia\j\b\i
a) difficulty in digesting food properly. b) any pain or discomfort resulting from this. \Bindigestible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not able to be digested.
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\Hindignant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dig\j\b\inant \Padjective\p angry at something unjust, unworthy or ungrateful. \Bindignantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindignation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindignity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dig\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p an act which humiliates or injures self-respect: 'the \Iindignities\j\b\i suffered by prisoners of war'.
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\Hindigo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-dig-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a dark blue to purplish-blue colour. b) the colour between blue and violet in the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i an important blue dye formerly extracted from plants, but now made artificially. \Bindigo\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hindirect\h
\Pnoun\p not direct: a) 'her \Iindirect\j\b\i reply suggested she was hiding something'; b) 'taxes on goods and services are \Iindirect\j\b\i taxes'. \Bindirectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindirectness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindirect object\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jobject\j\b\i.
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\Hindiscernible\h
\Isay\j\b\i indis-\CX1ser\j\b\ina-b'l \Padjective\p not discernible. \Bindiscernibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindiscreet\h
\Padjective\p not discreet. \Bindiscreetly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindiscretion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1skresh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being indiscreet, b) an indiscreet act or remark.
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\Hindiscriminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-dis\CX1krimm\j\b\ii-nit \Padjective\p making no distinctions: a) 'he's an \Iindiscriminate\j\b\i admirer of all music'; b) 'the troops dealt out \Iindiscriminate\j\b\i slaughter'. \Bindiscriminately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindispensable\h
\Padjective\p absolutely essential: 'oxygen is \Iindispensable\j\b\i to human life'. \Bindispensably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindisposed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sick or ill, usually only to a slight degree.
\CX12.\j\b\i disinclined or unwilling. \Bindisposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-dispa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindisputable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-dis-\CX1pew\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p beyond doubt or question. \Bindisputably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindissoluble\h
\Isay\j\b\i indis-\CX1sol\j\b\i-yoo-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be broken or undone: 'an \Iindissoluble\j\b\i bond of friendship'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not capable of being dissolved.
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\Hindistinct\h
\Padjective\p not distinct. \Bindistinctly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindistinctness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindistinguishable\h
\Isay\j\b\i indis-\CX1ting\j\b\iwisha-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being distinguished or discerned. \Bindistinguishably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 49, a rare metal used in protective plating and dental alloys.
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\Hindividual\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1vid\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, for or existing as a single or separate person or thing: a) 'an \Iindividual\j\b\i portion'; b) '\Iindividual\j\b\i members of a group'.
\CX12.\j\b\i distinctive: 'the author has a very \Iindividual\j\b\i style'.
\Bindividual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a single person or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a living thing capable of independent existence. b) a single member of a colony. \Bindividually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindividualise\j\b\i, \Bindividualize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make or become individual, b) to select for special attention; \Bindividualisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-vid-yewa-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindividualist\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1vid\j\b\i-yewa-list \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person of independent thought and action.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who believes that personal interests are more important than those of society as a whole. \Bindividualism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bindividualistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-vid-yewa-\CX1list\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hindividuality\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-vid-yoo-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular characteristics which distinguish a person or thing from others.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of having separate, independent existence.
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\Hindivisible\h
\Isay\j\b\i indi-\CX1vizz\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be divided. \Bindivisibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i indi-vizzi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bindivisibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindoctrinate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make someone accept a system of thought uncritically.
\CX12.\j\b\i to instruct in a body of doctrine. \Bindoctrination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HIndo-European\h
\Isay\j\b\i indo-yoora-\CX1pee\j\b\i-an \Pnoun\p a prehistoric language or group of languages from which most European and some Asian languages developed. \BIndo-European\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to the languages so developed, including those spoken today.
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\Hindolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ida-l'nt \Padjective\p lazy or idle. \Bindolently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindolence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hindomitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1domm\j\b\iita-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being subdued or conquered. \Bindomitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindoor\h
\Padjective\p occurring, used, etc. inside a house or building: '\Iindoor\j\b\i plants'. \Bindoors\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindubitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dew\j\b\ibita-b'l \Padjective\p certain or beyond doubt. \Bindubitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to persuade or influence: 'she \Iinduced\j\b\i me to stay another hour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce or cause: 'alcohol at lunchtime \Iinduces\j\b\i afternoon drowsiness'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to produce or establish by induction. \Binducement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of inducing, b) an incentive.
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\Hinduct\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to install formally in office.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i to conscript into military service.
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\Hinduction\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1duk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the process by which a body, having electrical or magnetic properties, can produce similar properties on a nearby body without direct contact.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a process of inferring or aiming at a general law from observation of particular instances. b) a conclusion reached by this process. Compare \Jdeduction\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act or ceremony of installing a person into an office. \Binductance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the ability of a circuit to produce induction; \Binductive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinduction coil\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a device, basically one coil of a few turns inside another coil of many turns, for producing a very high electromotive force from a very small electromotive force.
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\Hindulge\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dulj\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to satisfy or yield to simple desires: a) 'she likes to \Iindulge\j\b\i her taste for thrillers'; b) 'he always \Iindulges\j\b\i his children's wishes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to drink alcohol.
\Bindulgence\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the habit or process of indulging: 'too much \Iindulgence\j\b\i in wine gave her gout'. b) something indulged in: 'wine wasn't her only \Iindulgence\j\b\i!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any favourable treatment or privilege: 'we'll grant you an \Iindulgence\j\b\i of ten days to pay the debt'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a statement from the Roman Catholic Church releasing a person from a penalty imposed for having sinned. \Bindulgent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, inclined to indulge the wishes of others; \Bindulgently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hindustrial action\h
any action such as a strike, go-slow, sit-in, etc., which is agreed to by participating workers especially to draw attention to their industrial grievances.
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\Hindustry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\idus-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any production or manufacturing business. b) a branch of such a business: 'the coal \Iindustry\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i hard work or diligence: 'his quick success was due to his \Iindustry\j\b\i'.
\Bprimary industry\j\b\i
any industry, such as mining or farming, which does not actually manufacture the goods it produces.
\Bsecondary industry\j\b\i
any industry, such as the steel industry, etc., which produces manufactured goods.
\Btertiary industry\j\b\i
any service industry, including banking, advertising, insurance, etc. In many countries the tertiary sector is the largest and fastest growing. \Bindustrial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1dust\j\b\iri-al), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bindustrially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bindustrialise\j\b\i, \Bindustrialize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to introduce industries on a large scale; \Bindustrialisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-dustri-a-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bindustrialist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who owns or runs an industry; \Bindustrious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being conscientious or hard-working; \Bindustriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinebriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ee\j\b\ibri-ate \Pverb\p to intoxicate or make drunk. \Binebriate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ee\j\b\ibri-it), \Iadjective\j\b\i, drunk or intoxicated; \Binebriate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a drunkard; \Binebriation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-eebri-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinedible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1edd\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not fit to be eaten. \Binedibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-eddi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hineffable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1eff\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i beyond expression: 'I have an \Iineffable\j\b\i contempt for laziness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i that must not be spoken: 'the \Iineffable\j\b\i name of the Lord'. \Bineffably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hineffective\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1fek\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p not effective. \Bineffectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bineffectiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hineffectual\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1fek\j\b\i-tew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i vain or futile: '\Iineffectual\j\b\i attempts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not producing the intended result. \Bineffectually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinefficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p not efficient. \Binefficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binefficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinelastic\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1las\j\b\itik \Padjective\p not elastic.
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\Hinelegant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ell\j\b\ii-g'nt \Padjective\p not elegant. \Binelegantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not suitable or appropriate.
\CX12.\j\b\i awkward or foolish. \Bineptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bineptitude\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being inept, b) an inept remark, act, etc.; \Bineptness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bin- (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Iaptus\j\b\i fitting
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\Hinequality\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1kwoll\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of being unequal: 'social \Iinequality\j\b\i'. b) an instance of this.
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\Hinequitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ek\j\b\iwitta-b'l \Padjective\p not equitable. \Binequitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binequity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hineradicable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1radd\j\b\iika-b'l \Padjective\p not eradicable. \Bineradicably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinert\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ert\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sluggish or inactive.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i being very difficult to change by chemical reaction. \Binertly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binertness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iiners\j\b\i unskilled, idle
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\Hinertia\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1er\j\b\isha \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the tendency for the velocity of a body to remain constant unless acted on by a force.
\IExample:\j\b\i the forward movement of people in a car when it stops suddenly is due to inertia.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of inactivity or sluggishness.
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\Hinescapable\h
\Isay\j\b\i innis-\CX1kape\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be escaped or avoided. \Binescapably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinessential\h
\Isay\j\b\i inni-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p not essential.
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\Hinestimable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1est\j\b\iima-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be estimated, especially something of value. \Binestimably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinevitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1evv\j\b\iita-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be avoided or prevented. \Binevitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binevitability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-evvita-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Binevitableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. \Bin- (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Ievitare\j\b\i to escape
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\Hinexact\h
\Padjective\p not exact. \Binexactly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinexcusable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inneks-\CX1kew\j\b\iza-b'l \Padjective\p not excusable. \Binexcusably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinexhaustible\h
\Isay\j\b\i inneg-\CX1zaw\j\b\isti-b'l \Padjective\p not exhaustible. \Binexhaustibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinexorable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ek\j\b\isera-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be changed or made to yield. \Binexorably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinexpedient\h
\Isay\j\b\i inneks-\CX1pee\j\b\idi-ent \Padjective\p not expedient. \Binexpediently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binexpediency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinexpensive\h
\Isay\j\b\i inneks-\CX1pen\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p not expensive. \Binexpensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i too intricate or complicated to untangle: 'an \Iinextricable\j\b\i problem'. \Binextricably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinfallible\h
\Padjective\p a) not liable to be wrong, as in judgement: 'I am not \Iinfallible\j\b\i'. b) not liable to fail: 'is there an \Iinfallible\j\b\i remedy for a cold?'.
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\Hinfamous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifa-mus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an extremely bad reputation.
\CX12.\j\b\i shocking or detestable: '\Iinfamous\j\b\i behaviour'. \Binfamously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binfamy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifa-mee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state or quality of being infamous, b) an infamous act. See \Jfamous\j\b\i.
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\Hinfant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-f'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a baby.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any person who is too young to have legal rights.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything in the early stages of development or progress. \Binfant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Binfantile\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to infants, b) babyish; \Binfancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinfans\j\b\i not speaking
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\Hinfanticide\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fan\j\b\iti-side \Pnoun\p a) the crime of killing a newly born child. b) a person who does this.
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\Hinfantile paralysis\h
See \Jpolio\j\b\i.
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\Hinfantry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-f'n-tree \Pnoun\p the branch of an army consisting of soldiers on foot. Compare \Jcavalry\j\b\i. \Binfantryman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Italian \Iinfante\j\b\i a page or foot soldier
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\Hinfatuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fat\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p to inspire with foolish or unreasoning passion. \Binfatuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinfatuatus\j\b\i made foolish
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\Hinfect\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to contaminate with disease organisms. b) to transmit a disease to another.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his unhappy mood \Iinfected\j\b\i us' (= was transferred to). Latin \Iinfectus\j\b\i stained, tainted
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\Hinfection\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of infecting. b) the state of being infected. c) something, such as a germ, which infects.
\Binfectious\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) communicated by infection: 'the \Iinfectious\j\b\i diseases'. b) liable to produce infection.
\CX12.\j\b\i tending to produce similar responses in others: '\Iinfectious\j\b\i laughter'. \Binfectious, contagious\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. A \Icontagious\j\b\i disease is spread through either physical contact with a sufferer or something that the sufferer has had contact with. An \Iinfectious\j\b\i disease is spread by the transmission of germs through the air or water.
to conclude by reasoning: 'from his sceptical remarks I \Iinfer\j\b\i he does not believe the report'. See \Jimply\j\b\i.
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\Hinference\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifa-r'nce \Pnoun\p a) the process of inferring. b) something which is inferred. \Binferential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i infa-\CX1ren\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinferior\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1feer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i poor in quality: 'an \Iinferior\j\b\i product'.
\CX12.\j\b\i low or lower in order, degree, rank, etc.: 'among the primates the baboon is \Iinferior\j\b\i to the orang-outang'.
\CX13.\j\b\i situated under or beneath: 'the 2 in CO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i is an \Iinferior\j\b\i number'. \Binferior\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is inferior; \Binferiority\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-feeri-\CX1orr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinferiority complex\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i a group of suppressed emotions arising from intense feelings of inferiority, and sometimes leading to aggressive behaviour which is intended to conceal such feelings.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) diffidence.
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\Hinfernal\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fer\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to hell.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) abominable: 'an \Iinfernal\j\b\i commotion'. \Binfernally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iinfernus\j\b\i that which lies beneath
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\Hinferno\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fer\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a) hell. b) a place resembling hell: 'the building was a raging \Iinferno\j\b\i minutes after the fire started'.
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\Hinfertile\h
\Padjective\p not fertile. \Binfertility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i infer-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinfest\h
\Pverb\p to overrun in large numbers to a harmful or unpleasant degree: 'locusts \Iinfested\j\b\i the area'. \Binfestation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-fes-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of infesting, b) the state of being infested. Latin \Iinfestus\j\b\i hostile
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\Hinfidel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifi-del \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a person who does not believe in the religion of the speaker, used especially between Christians and Moslems.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who does not believe in any religion.
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\Hinfidelity\h
\Isay\j\b\i infi-\CX1dell\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p unfaithfulness, especially adultery.
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\Hinfield\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i an inner part of the field, such as the area near the wickets in cricket. \Binfielder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a player in the infield.
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\Hinfighting\h
\Pnoun\p a struggle between members of the same group or organisation, e.g. for leadership of a political party or other institution. \Binfighter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinfiltrate\h
\Pverb\p to filter into or through.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the spy \Iinfiltrated\j\b\i the enemy's headquarters' (= entered secretly). \Binfiltrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who infiltrates; \Binfiltration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of infiltrating, b) something which has infiltrated.
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\Hinfinite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifi-nit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no boundaries or limits in time, space, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i not finite. \Binfinitely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1finn\j\b\ii-tiv \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i the form of a \Pverb\p which has no tense, number or person. \IExamples:\j\b\i to buy, to look, to go.
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\Hinfinity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1finn\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state or quality of being infinite.
\CX12.\j\b\i an indefinitely great amount or number.
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\Hinfirm\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeble in body or mind, especially from old age.
\CX12.\j\b\i insecure or irresolute: '\Iinfirm\j\b\i of purpose'. \Binfirmity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a physical or moral weakness.
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\Hinfirmary\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1firm\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a hospital or place where sick people are cared for.
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\Hinflame\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to set on fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arouse strong feelings in: 'his speech was meant to \Iinflame\j\b\i the people against their leader'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to produce heat, redness or swelling in. \Binflammable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) easily burnt, b) capable of inflaming; \Binflammatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to inflame. See \Jflammable\j\b\i.
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\Hinflammation\h
\Isay\j\b\i infla-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of inflaming. b) the state of being inflamed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a response by living tissue to injury or infection, characterised by swelling, redness, heat and pain.
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\Hinflate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fill or expand with a gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i to puff up with pride, satisfaction, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i to produce inflation. \Binflatable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinflation\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1flay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IEconomics:\j\b\i a general rise in prices and fall in the value of money which may have various causes, e.g. increases in the cost of imported raw materials, higher wages unmatched by higher productivity or an increase in the amount of currency in circulation. Compare \Jdeflation\j\b\i under \Bdeflate\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of inflating: 'the \Iinflation\j\b\i of the balloons was aided by a bicycle pump'. b) the state of being inflated. \Binflationary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing inflation in the economy.
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\Hinflection\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1flek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p also spelt \Binflexion\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a) the change made in the form of a word to alter its meaning, grammatical relations, etc. b) the set of such forms for a single word. c) the affix added to change the form of a word. See \Jconjugation\j\b\i and \Bdeclension\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bend or angle.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an \Iinflection\j\b\i of the voice, or a raised eyebrow, can convey a great deal' (= modulation). \Binflect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Binflectional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinflexible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1flek\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p not flexible: 'an \Iinflexible\j\b\i attitude'. \Binflexibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinflict\h
\Pverb\p to impose anything unwelcome, such as punishment. \Binfliction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of inflicting, b) something inflicted.
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\Hinflorescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i infla-\CX1ress\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the arrangement of flowers on a stem. b) the flowering parts of a plant. Latin \Iinflorescens\j\b\i coming into flower
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\Hinflow\h
\Pnoun\p a flowing in or arriving.
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\Hinfluence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-floo-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the power of persons or things to produce effects on others, especially by invisible or indirect means. b) a person or thing possessing such power.
\CX12.\j\b\i power, etc. resulting from social position, wealth, etc. \Binfluence\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Binfluential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-floo-\CX1en\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinfluenza\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-floo-\CX1en\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p short form is \Bflu\j\b\i
an infectious, viral disease causing symptoms such as aching muscles, fever, sneezing and sore eyes.
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\Hinflux\h
\Pnoun\p a flowing in: 'this year there has been a large \Iinflux\j\b\i of migrants'.
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\Hinform\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to tell or give information.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pervade: 'the discussions were \Iinformed\j\b\i by a spirit of cooperation'.
\Binform oneself of\j\b\i, to supply oneself with knowledge of. \Binformed\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing a high degree of knowledge; \Binformant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an informer.
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\Hinformal\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1for\j\b\i-m'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i without ceremony or formality.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of speech or writing) characteristic of ordinary conversation, as distinct from formal grammar or construction. \Binformally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binformality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i infor-\CX1mall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinformal vote\h
a vote in an election which does not obey all the rules for voting procedure, and is not counted. Compare \Jdonkey vote\j\b\i.
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\Hinformation\h
\Isay\j\b\i infa-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) knowledge communicated or received. b) knowledge on various subjects.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of informing. b) the state of being informed.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a formal charge made in a court. \Binformative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1for\j\b\ima-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, giving information.
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\Hinformation overload\h
a condition in which the amount of information to be dealt with exceeds the capacity to process it.
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\Hinformation superhighway\h
a form of telecommunications which uses fibre optic cable to allow users access via computer-based technologies to such services as interactive television, teleconferences, teletext and electronic mail.
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\Hinformation technology\h
an area of study which concerns the way information is acquired, processed, retrieved and used. Information technology comprises three main topic areas: data or information; computer technology; and communications and related technologies.
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\Hinformer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who gives incriminating information.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who gives information. Also called an \Binformant\j\b\i.
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\Hinfotainment\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) often commercially produced information intended to entertain as well as inform. Compare \Jedutainment\j\b\i.
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\Hinfotech\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the study of information technology.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) information of a highly technical and usually abstract nature.
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\Hinfraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1frak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a breach or violation: 'an \Iinfraction\j\b\i of the rules'.
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\Hinfra dig\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) beneath one's dignity. short form of Latin \Iinfra dignitatem\j\b\i
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ifra-strukcher \Pnoun\p the basic or supporting organisation, facilities, etc. of an institution.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the local council provided electricity, a bus service and other \Iinfrastructure\j\b\i for the new housing estate' (= community services).
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\Hinfrequent\h
\Padjective\p not often. \Binfrequently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binfrequency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinfringe\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1frinj\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to break or ignore a rule, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to trespass or encroach: 'the children \Iinfringed\j\b\i on our privacy'. \Binfringement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinfuriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1few\j\b\i-ree-ate \Pverb\p to make furious. \Binfuriatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinfuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1fewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fill or inspire with: 'his speech \Iinfused\j\b\i the pilots with courage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to steep or soak a substance in a liquid to extract its soluble parts. Latin \Iinfusus\j\b\i poured in
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\Hinfusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1few\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of infusing. b) something which is infused.
\CX12.\j\b\i a liquid extract, obtained by soaking a substance in a liquid: 'tea is an \Iinfusion\j\b\i of tea-leaves in hot water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a person) inventive. \Bingeniously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bingeniousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bingenuous\j\b\i.
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\Hingenue\h
\Isay\j\b\i an-\Izh\j\b\iay-\CX1new\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a simple, innocent girl, especially as represented in plays.
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\Hingenuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i inji-\CX1new\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the quality of being ingenious.
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\Hingenuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1jen\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p innocent and without reserve or sophistication. \Bingenuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bingenuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bingenious\j\b\i.
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\Hingest\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1jest\j\b\i \Pverb\p \IBiology:\j\b\i to take food into an organism. \Bingestion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1jes\j\b\i-ch'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinglorious\h
\Padjective\p dishonourable or shameful: 'the beaten troops made an \Iinglorious\j\b\i retreat'. \Bingloriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hingot\h
\Pnoun\p a mass of cast metal, especially gold or silver, prepared for later working. \Bin- (1)\j\b\i + Old English \Igoten\j\b\i poured
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\Hingrain\h
\Pverb\p to fix firmly.
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\Hingrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-grate \Pnoun\p an old word for an ungrateful person. \Bin- (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Igratus\j\b\i pleasant
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\Hingratiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1gray\j\b\i-shee-ate \Pverb\p to establish oneself deliberately in the favour or good graces of another: 'he \Iingratiated\j\b\i himself with his boss by always agreeing with him'. \Bingratiatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bin- (1)\j\b\i + Latin \Igratia\j\b\i favour
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\Hingratitude\h
\Pnoun\p the state of being ungrateful.
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\Hingredient\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1gree\j\b\idi-ent \Pnoun\p one of the parts of a mixture: 'the \Iingredients\j\b\i of a cake'. Latin \Iingrediens\j\b\i entering
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\Hingress\h
\Pnoun\p a) the right to enter. b) a going in.
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\Hin-group\h
\Pnoun\p a group of people with a strong feeling of belonging together and a tendency to exclude others.
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\Hinhabit\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1habb\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to live or dwell in. \Binhabitable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of being inhabited; \Binhabitant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a permanent resident.
\CX12.\j\b\i a liquid poured into boiling water so that the vapour can be inhaled. \Binhalant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance inhaled for medicinal effect; \Binhaler\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1hay\j\b\i-la), a device to supply medication into the breathing passages.
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\Hinherent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1herr\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p existing in something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality or attribute. \Binhere\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iinhaerere\j\b\i to stick to do not confuse with \Binnate\j\b\i.
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\Hinherit\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1herr\j\b\iit \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to receive property, a title, etc. upon the death of another person.
\CX12.\j\b\i to receive genetic characters from one's ancestors. \Binheritor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinhereditare\j\b\i to appoint an heir
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\Hinheritance\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1herr\j\b\ii-t'nse \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of inheriting. b) anything which is inherited.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the property which is received by an heir from a person who has died. Compare \Jlegacy\j\b\i.
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\Hinhibit\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1hibb\j\b\iit \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to restrain, hinder or repress.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to reduce the rate of a chemical reaction or stop it completely. \Binhibition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inhi-\CX1bish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binhibitor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance which inhibits a chemical reaction; \Binhibitory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to inhibit. do not confuse with \Bprohibit\j\b\i.
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\Hinhospitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i inhos-\CX1pitt\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p not hospitable. \Binhospitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hin-house\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p existing, originating, or carried on within an organisation or its facilities.
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\Hinhuman\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking in natural human feeling or sympathy for others.
\CX12.\j\b\i not human. \Binhumanly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinhumane\h
\Padjective\p not humane. \Binhumanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinhumanity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-hew-\CX1mann\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state or quality of being inhuman or inhumane.
\CX12.\j\b\i an inhuman or inhumane act.
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\Hinimical\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1imm\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i adverse in tendency or effect.
\CX12.\j\b\i unfriendly or hostile. \Binimically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bin- (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Iamicus\j\b\i a friend
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\Hinimitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1imm\j\b\iita-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be imitated. \Binimitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hiniquity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ik\j\b\iwa-tee \Pnoun\p a) a wicked or unjust act. b) wickedness. \Biniquitous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinitial\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p occurring at the beginning.
\Binitial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the first letter of a name, word, etc. \Binitial\j\b\i (\Binitialled\j\b\i, \Binitialling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to mark or sign with one's own initials; \Binitially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinitiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ish\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to begin or originate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to introduce a person to a new field, interest, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to admit to membership, etc. with formal rituals or ordeals. \Binitiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binitiator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who initiates something; \Binitiate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ish\j\b\ii-it), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has been initiated.
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\Hinitiative\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ready ability or boldness in beginning or taking on new projects, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an introductory act or step: 'he took the \Iinitiative\j\b\i and began the conversation'.
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\Hinject\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1jekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to introduce fluid into the body, a cavity, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to introduce something new: 'he tried to \Iinject\j\b\i humour into the dull meeting'. \Binjection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinjectus\j\b\i thrown in
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\Hinjudicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i injoo-\CX1dish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p not sensible or discreet. \Binjudiciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinjunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1junk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a court order requiring or restricting a particular action.
\CX12.\j\b\i any act or instance of urging: 'a parting \Iinjunction\j\b\i to avoid bad company'. Latin \Iinjunctus\j\b\i enjoined
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\Hinjure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ijer \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to do or cause harm to.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do wrong or injustice to. \Binjury\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binjurious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1joor\j\b\iius), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Binjuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinjustice\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1jus\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p a) a lack of justice. b) an instance of this: 'such a severe fine was an \Iinjustice\j\b\i'.
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\Hink\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various strongly coloured liquids used for writing and printing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark, protective fluid ejected by the squid and related molluscs.
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\Hinkjet printer\h
a printer which uses a small jet to fire droplets of ink at the paper.
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\Hinkling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hint or suggestion: 'the faint bark gave me an \Iinkling\j\b\i of the puppy's whereabouts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vague idea or notion: 'I had no \Iinkling\j\b\i that she was so ill'. Middle English \Iinkle\j\b\i to speak in an undertone
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\Hinkwell\h
\Pnoun\p a container for ink, usually set into a desk.
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\Hinky\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i dark or murky: '\Iinky\j\b\i shadows'.
\CX12.\j\b\i resembling or stained with ink: '\Iinky\j\b\i fingers'.
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\Hinland\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i situated in the middle parts of a land mass.
\CX12.\j\b\i occurring or confined within the borders of a country: '\Iinland\j\b\i revenue'. \Binland\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinland revenue\h
government revenue from personal and corporation taxes, etc., but excluding customs and excise dues.
\CX11.\j\b\i a layer of material set into a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IDentistry:\j\b\i a filling which is fitted and fastened as one large piece.
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\Hinlet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small narrow bay.
\CX12.\j\b\i an entrance.
\CX13.\j\b\i something put in or inserted. \Binlet\j\b\i (\Binlet\j\b\i, \Binletting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to insert.
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\Hinmate\h
\Pnoun\p a person confined to a hospital, prison, etc.
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\Hinmost\h
\Padjective\p innermost.
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\Hinn\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning a small hotel or a public house. \Binnkeeper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinnards\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1inn\j\b\iuds plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the internal parts of anything, especially the body.
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\Hinnate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1nate\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i inborn in one's nature: 'an \Iinnate\j\b\i love of painting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i of or coming from the mind, as distinct from experience. \Binnately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iinnatus\j\b\i born do not confuse with \Binherent\j\b\i.
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\Hinner\h
\Padjective\p located or occurring further in: 'an \Iinner\j\b\i room'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he never revealed his \Iinner\j\b\i life to others' (= private, secret).
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\Hinnermost\h
\Padjective\p farthest within.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'one's \Iinnermost\j\b\i secrets' (= most intimate).
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\Hinnings\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the period in which a player or team is batting.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a turn or period at some activity
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\Hinnocent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1inn\j\b\ia-s'nt \Padjective\p pure or free from evil and sin: 'an \Iinnocent\j\b\i child'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the jury recommended that the prisoner be found \Iinnocent\j\b\i' (= not guilty).
b) 'she was \Iinnocent\j\b\i enough to believe the story' (= simple, guileless). \Binnocently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binnocence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being innocent; \Binnocent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any naive or pure person. Latin \Iinnocens\j\b\i harmless
\Isay\j\b\i inna-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the introduction of new things or methods. b) something new or different which is introduced. \Binnovator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who brings or makes changes; \Binnovate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Binnovative\j\b\i, \Binnovatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Latin \Iinnovare\j\b\i to renew, start again
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\Hinnuendo\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-yoo-\CX1end\j\b\io \Pnoun\p an indirect comment, such as a hint or implication, usually unfavourable. Latin, by nodding at, hinting
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\Hinnumerable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1new\j\b\imera-b'l \Padjective\p very numerous. \Binnumerably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinoculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ok\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p to induce a mild form of a disease so as to produce immunity, as by introducing a virus or bacteria into the body. Compare \Jvaccinate\j\b\i under \Bvaccine\j\b\i. \Binoculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of inoculating, b) the substance inoculated. Latin \Iinoculatus\j\b\i grafted, implanted
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\Hinoffensive\h
\Padjective\p not offensive.
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\Hinoperable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1opp\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i incapable of being cured or removed by surgical operation: 'an \Iinoperable\j\b\i brain tumour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not practicable or workable: 'he proposed several \Iinoperable\j\b\i remedies for the problem'.
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\Hinoperative\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1op\j\b\ira-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not in operation: 'this regulation proved impossible to enforce and is now \Iinoperative\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having or producing no effect: 'the steps he took to resolve the problem proved to be \Iinoperative\j\b\i'.
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\Hinopportune\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-tewn \Padjective\p ill-timed: 'you have chosen an \Iinopportune\j\b\i moment for your request'. \Binopportunely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinordinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1or\j\b\idi-nit \Padjective\p excessive or unrestrained. \Binordinately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinorganic\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-or\CX1gann\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not forming part of the substance of living bodies.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds which do not contain chains of carbon atoms. Compare \Jorganic\j\b\i.
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\Hinorganic chemistry\h
the study of elements and their compounds, except compounds containing chains of carbon atoms.
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\Hin-patient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-pay-sh'nt \Pnoun\p See \Jpatient\j\b\i.
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\Hinput\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-p\Iu\j\b\it \Pnoun\p something which is put in or inserted, such as the voltage or power fed into an electrical circuit or device or the information fed into a computer.
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\Hinput device\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i any device which helps the user enter information into a computer, e.g. a keyboard or a light pen. Compare \Joutput device\j\b\i.
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\Hinquest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-kwest \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i an official inquiry, especially one to determine how a person died. Old French
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\Hinquire\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kwire\j\b\i \Pverb\p also spelt \Benquire\j\b\i
to ask: 'she \Iinquired\j\b\i about my health'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Iinquire\j\b\i into the mystery of someone's disappearance' (= investigate). \Binquirer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who inquires; \Binquiringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinquiry\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kwire\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an official investigation: 'a court of \Iinquiry\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old spelling of \Benquiry\j\b\i.
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\Hinquisition\h
\Isay\j\b\i inkwi-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an investigation especially a legal or official one.
\CX12.\j\b\i any severe or harsh interrogation of a person.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a Roman Catholic tribunal which imposed severe penalties for heresy, especially the Spanish Inquisition. \Binquisitor\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kwizz\j\b\iitor), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who conducts or makes an inquisition; \Binquisitorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-kwizzi-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinquisitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1kwizz\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fond of inquiring into other people's affairs.
\CX12.\j\b\i eager to learn: 'he has an \Iinquisitive\j\b\i mind'. \Binquisitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binquisitiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinroad\h
\Pnoun\p an intrusion: 'his continual questions are making \Iinroads\j\b\i on my patience'.
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\Hinrush\h
\Pnoun\p a rushing in of something: 'a sudden \Iinrush\j\b\i of the tide'.
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\Hinsane\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a severe mental illness, especially one making special custody necessary.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or for mentally ill people: 'an \Iinsane\j\b\i asylum'.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sann\j\b\ii-tree \Padjective\p not sanitary.
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\Hinsatiable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1say\j\b\isha-b'l \Padjective\p incapable of being satisfied: 'an \Iinsatiable\j\b\i thirst'. \Binsatiably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinscribe\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1skribe\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to write a dedication in a book.
\CX12.\j\b\i to engrave.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to draw a figure within another so that the inner figure touches the boundary of the outer at as many points as possible. \Binscription\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1skrip\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinscrutable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1skroo\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be penetrated or understood. \Binscrutability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-skroota-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binscrutably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-sekt \Pnoun\p an arthropod, the adult having six legs, sometimes wings, and a body divided into three parts (a head, a thorax and an abdomen), such as an ant, a beetle, etc.
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\Hinsecticide\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sek\j\b\iti-side \Pnoun\p any substance which is used to kill insects.
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\Hinsectivorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i insek-\CX1tivva\j\b\i-rus \Padjective\p of or relating to an organism which eats insects. \Binsectivore\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sek\j\b\iti-vor), \Inoun\j\b\i, an animal or plant which is insectivorous.
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\Hinsecure\h
\Isay\j\b\i insi-\CX1kew\j\b\ier \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unsafe or liable to give way, fall, etc.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1semm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to introduce semen into the uterus of a female to cause fertilisation. \Binsemination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinseminatus\j\b\i sown, planted in
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\Hinsensate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sen\j\b\isate \Padjective\p not capable of feeling or sensation: '\Iinsensate\j\b\i rocks and stones'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Iinsensate\j\b\i to her feelings' (= blind). \Binsensately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sen\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i deprived of consciousness: 'he was \Iinsensible\j\b\i for hours after the blow on the head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i incapable of feeling or perceiving: 'he is \Iinsensible\j\b\i of ridicule'.
\CX13.\j\b\i imperceptible: 'the colour changed by \Iinsensible\j\b\i degrees'. \Binsensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsensibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-sensi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sen\j\b\ishi-ent \Padjective\p lacking the capacity for feeling or sensation: 'a stone is an \Iinsentient\j\b\i object'. \Binsentience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinseparable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sepp\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be separated or kept apart.
\Binseparable\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any person or thing that cannot be separated. \Binseparably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsert\h
\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1sert\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put in: a) 'to \Iinsert\j\b\i a bolt in a latch'; b) 'to \Iinsert\j\b\i a notice in the paper'. \Binsert\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isert), \Inoun\j\b\i, something inserted or to be inserted; \Binsertion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of inserting, b) something inserted.
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\Hinset\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iset \Pnoun\p something set in or inserted: 'a tabletop with a marble \Iinset\j\b\i'. \Binset\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1set\j\b\i), (\Binset\j\b\i, \Binsetting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinshore\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p (at sea) close to or towards the land.
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\Hinside\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the inner part: 'the \Iinside\j\b\i of a suitcase'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an inner side or surface: 'the \Iinside\j\b\i of the hand'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, usually plural\j\b\i) the inner parts of a body or machine.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Binside out\j\b\i, a) with the inner side reversed to become the outer side; b) thoroughly.
\Bon the inside\j\b\i, being in a position of confidence, influence or special knowledge.
\Binside\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i inner or on the inside: 'the story was continued on the \Iinside\j\b\i pages of the newspaper'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) acting or originating from within a company, etc.: a) 'the robbery was an \Iinside\j\b\i job'; b) '\Iinside\j\b\i information'.
\Binside\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
within: 'she stood \Iinside\j\b\i the fence'.
\Binside\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in or into the inner part: 'please come \Iinside\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i on the inner side: 'do I wear this coat with the lining \Iinside\j\b\i or outside?'.
\Binside of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we can't supply the goods \Iinside of\j\b\i a week' (= in less than). \Binsider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a member of a particular group, club, etc., b) a person close to a source of knowledge or information.
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\Hinsider trading\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i the taking advantage of knowledge not publicly available to deal profitably on the stock market.
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\Hinsidious\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sidd\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sly or treacherous.
\CX12.\j\b\i doing harm subtly or secretly: 'cancer is an \Iinsidious\j\b\i disease because it is often extremely advanced before it can be diagnosed'. \Binsidiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsidiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsidiosus\j\b\i cunning, artful
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\Hinsight\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-site \Pnoun\p a) an understanding gained or given: 'the film gave us an \Iinsight\j\b\i into the lives of primitive peoples'. b) the power of having such understanding: 'he was a man of great \Iinsight\j\b\i'.
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\Hinsignia\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sig\j\b\ini-a plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Binsigne\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sig\j\b\i-nee)
the distinguishing marks or badges of office or honour. Latin \Iinsignis\j\b\i distinguished or marked
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\Hinsignificant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-sig-\CX1niff\j\b\ii-k'nt \Padjective\p unimportant or not significant. \Binsignificantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsignificance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sin\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to suggest indirectly, usually something which is unpleasant.
\CX12.\j\b\i to introduce slyly and gradually: 'he \Iinsinuated\j\b\i his way into his employer's confidence'. \Binsinuatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsinuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsinuare\j\b\i to wind one's way into
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\Hinsipid\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sipp\j\b\iid \Padjective\p flavourless or uninteresting. \Binsipidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsipidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i insi-\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsipidus\j\b\i tasteless
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\Hinsist\h
\Pverb\p to maintain firmly a demand, statement, course of action, position, etc. \Binsistent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) persistent, b) compelling attention; \Binsistently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsistence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of insisting, b) the quality of being insistent; \Binsistency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being insistent.
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\Hinsole\h
\Pnoun\p the inner sole of a shoe or boot, sometimes detachable.
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\Hinsolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isa-l'nt \Padjective\p insulting or disrespectful. \Binsolently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsolence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsolens\j\b\i arrogant
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\Hinsoluble\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sol\j\b\i-yoo-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i incapable of being solved or explained.
\CX12.\j\b\i unable to be dissolved in a particular solvent, usually water. \Binsolubly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsolubility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i insol-yoo-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinsolvent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sol\j\b\i-v'nt \Padjective\p unable to pay one's debts. \Binsolvency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binsolvent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is insolvent.
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\Hinsomnia\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1som\j\b\ini-a \Pnoun\p an inability to sleep, often due to anxiety or depression. \Binsomniac\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1som\j\b\i-nee-ak), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person suffering from insomnia.
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\Hinsouciant\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1soo\j\b\i-sy'nt \Padjective\p indifferent or unconcerned about consequences, public opinion, etc. \Binsouciance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French, from \Isouci\j\b\i care
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\Hinspect\h
\Pverb\p to look at carefully or officially: 'to \Iinspect\j\b\i the troops'.
\Binspector\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an official appointed to inspect.
\CX12.\j\b\i a police officer ranking between a sergeant and a chief inspector. \Binspection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of inspecting; \Binspectorate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the office of an inspector, b) a group of inspectors, c) the district under an inspector.
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\Hinspiration\h
\Isay\j\b\i inspa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the arousing of feelings, ideas, impulses, etc., especially those that lead to creative activity.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which arouses such activity: 'my wife has been my \Iinspiration\j\b\i in all I have done'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your idea of leaving before the weekend rush was an \Iinspiration\j\b\i' (= very good idea).
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of inhaling. \Binspirational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Binspirationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinspire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to uplift the mind or spirit: 'the beauty of nature \Iinspired\j\b\i Wordsworth to write many poems'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to excite a particular emotion: 'his calm manner \Iinspired\j\b\i me with confidence'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to inhale.
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\Hinstability\h
\Isay\j\b\i insta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a lack of stability, especially of character.
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\Hinstall\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1stawl\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to place or fix in position for use.
\CX12.\j\b\i to establish in office.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iinstalled\j\b\i herself in the comfortable armchair by the fire' (= settled).
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is installed or established, such as a permanent military base, a group of machines, etc.
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\Hinstallation program\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a program whose task is to set up another program in either a computer's memory or a storage medium.
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\Hinstalment\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1stawl\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Binstallment\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i one of a series of cash payments paid, by a buyer to a seller, for goods or services.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single part of something which is supplied or issued over a period of time: 'listen to the next \Iinstalment\j\b\i of our serial'.
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\Hinstance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\istance \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular case: 'in this \Iinstance\j\b\i he was right'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an example intended to prove or illustrate a point, argument or general truth: 'give us an \Iinstance\j\b\i of his cruelty'.
\Bat the instance of\j\b\i, at the request of. \Binstance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give as an example.
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\Hinstant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-st'nt \Padjective\p immediate: 'the troops are in a state of \Iinstant\j\b\i readiness for battle'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do you like \Iinstant\j\b\i coffee?' (= quickly prepared, as by simply adding water).
\Binstant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a specific point of time: 'come home this \Iinstant\j\b\i!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short space of time: 'the bystanders had gathered within an \Iinstant\j\b\i of the crash occurring'. \Binstantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jmomentary\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sted\j\b\i \Padverb\p in place of something: 'there was no fish, so we are having meat \Iinstead\j\b\i'.
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\Hinstep\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the arched upper surface of the human foot, between the ankle and the toes.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a shoe or stocking covering the instep.
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\Hinstigate\h
\Pverb\p to bring about, especially by provoking. \Binstigator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who instigates; \Binstigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of instigating.
to introduce gradually or by degrees: 'parents must \Iinstil\j\b\i good behaviour into their children from the start'. \Binstillation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i insti-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of instilling. Latin \Iinstillare\j\b\i to pour in drop by drop
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\Hinstinct (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-stinkt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPsychology, Sociology:\j\b\i the unlearned responses or tendencies of people and animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i a natural aptitude or talent. \Binstinctive\j\b\i, \Binstinctual\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1stinkt\j\b\i-yew'l), \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or resulting from an instinct; \Binstinctively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iinstinctus\j\b\i instigated
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\Hinstinct (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1stinkt\j\b\i \Padjective\p being filled with or animated by: 'a poem \Iinstinct\j\b\i with feeling'.
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\Hinstitute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isti-tewt \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to establish or set up: 'to \Iinstitute\j\b\i a new law'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to start: 'to \Iinstitute\j\b\i legal proceedings'.
\Binstitute\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) an organisation founded to promote some cause, such as education. b) the buildings used by such an organisation. Latin \Iinstitutus\j\b\i set up or established
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\Hinstitution\h
\Isay\j\b\i insti-\CX1tew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an organisation such as a hospital or university, established for a particular purpose. b) the building or buildings used.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who has become well-known because of long service: 'our postman had been doing the same round for so long he had become a local \Iinstitution\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something, such as a law or pattern of behaviour, which has become a recognised and accepted part of a culture, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act of instituting. \Binstitutional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to an institution, b) being characterised by uniformity and dullness; \Binstitutionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binstitutionalise\j\b\i, \Binstitutionalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make into an institution, b) to confine a person in an institution.
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\Hinstruct\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1strukt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give orders or directions to: 'the doctor has \Iinstructed\j\b\i me to stay in bed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to teach. \Binstructor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who instructs; \Binstructive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, informative or serving to instruct; \Binstructively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binstructiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinstruction\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1struk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or practice of instructing. b) any knowledge imparted.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a code or command in a program which helps a computer to perform a task.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any orders or directions.
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\Hinstrument\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\istra-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device or tool for a particular purpose: 'surgical \Iinstruments\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device for producing musical sounds: 'the bassoon is a woodwind \Iinstrument\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any person or thing used for a purpose.
\CX14.\j\b\i a formal, legal document.
\Binstrument\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to arrange a piece of music for instruments, especially for an orchestra.
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\Hinstrumental\h
\Isay\j\b\i instra-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i serving as a means: 'my friend was \Iinstrumental\j\b\i in getting me this job'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or for musical instruments: '\Iinstrumental\j\b\i music'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or relating to an instrument: 'the surveyor's inaccuracy was due to an \Iinstrumental\j\b\i error'.
\Binstrumental\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a piece of music, usually popular, performed without vocal accompaniment. \Binstrumentalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays a musical instrument, especially for popular music; \Binstrumentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinstrumentality\h
\Isay\j\b\i instra-men-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an agency set up for a specific purpose: 'the gas company is a public \Iinstrumentality\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the agency or means by which something is done: 'he got the job through the \Iinstrumentality\j\b\i of his father-in-law'.
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\Hinsubordinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i insa-\CX1bor\j\b\idi-nit \Padjective\p disobedient or rebellious. \Binsubordination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binsubordinately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsubstantial\h
\Isay\j\b\i insub-\CX1stan\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not strong or substantial: 'his brief explanation was very \Iinsubstantial\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i imaginary or not based on reality: 'he is full of \Iinsubstantial\j\b\i fears about being alone'.
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\Hinsufferable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1suff\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p intolerable or unbearable. \Binsufferably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsufferableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinsufficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i insa-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p not sufficient or enough: 'his earnings were \Iinsufficient\j\b\i to keep pace with his wife's extravagant tastes'. \Binsufficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binsufficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack.
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\Hinsular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-sew-la \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to an island.
\CX12.\j\b\i narrow-minded: 'absurdly \Iinsular\j\b\i prejudices'. \Binsularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-sew-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsula\j\b\i an island
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\Hinsulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-syoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cover or surround with non-conducting material.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prevent or reduce the transfer of electricity, heat or sound.
\CX13.\j\b\i to isolate: 'the astronauts were \Iinsulated\j\b\i for several days after returning from the moon'. \Binsulation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-syoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) any material used for insulating, b) the act of insulating; \Binsulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which insulates, especially against electricity.
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\Hinsulin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-syoo-lin \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a hormone secreted in the pancreas, controlling the amount of glucose in the blood, used to treat diabetes. \Binsulin\j\b\i was discovered in 1921 by Canadian physiologists Banting and Best. It is so called because \Iinsulin\j\b\i is produced in the islets of Langerhans, groups of cells in the pancreas; \Iinsula\j\b\i is the Latin for 'island or islet'.
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\Hinsult\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\isult \Pnoun\p an offensive remark or act.
to speak to or treat in a contemptuous or insolent way. \Binsultingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iinsultare\j\b\i leap on or at
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\Hinsuperable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-s\CX1yoo\j\b\i-p'ra-b'l \Padjective\p not capable of being overcome or surmounted. \Binsuperably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsupportable\h
\Isay\j\b\i insa-\CX1por\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p unendurable or insufferable.
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\Hinsurance\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1shew\j\b\i-r'ns \Ior\j\b\i in-\CX1shor\j\b\i-ens \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a contract under which a person or company agrees to pay for any loss or damage to certain property provided the owner makes regular payments, called \Bpremiums\j\b\i. Compare \Jlife assurance\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the payment made to or by a company issuing an insurance. b) the amount for which anything is insured.
\CX13.\j\b\i any safeguard against risk or harm: 'most people keep their money in a bank as an \Iinsurance\j\b\i against burglary'. \Binsured\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person protected by an insurance; \Binsurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or company issuing an insurance.
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\Hinsure\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1shew\j\b\i-a \Ior\j\b\i in-\CX1shor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to guarantee against risk or harm, as with insurance. \Binsurable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of being insured. See \Jassure\j\b\i.
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\Hinsurgency\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1sir\j\b\i-j'n-see \Pnoun\p a revolt against a government. \Binsurgent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of an insurgency; \Binsurgent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) rebellious, b) (of the sea) rising or surging up.
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\Hinsurmountable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-sir-\CX1mount\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be overcome or surmounted. \Binsurmountably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinsurrection\h
\Isay\j\b\i insa-\CX1rek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a revolt against an established government, especially an organised effort to seize political power. \Binsurrectionary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hinsusceptible\h
\Isay\j\b\i insa-\CX1sep\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p not liable to be influenced or affected by: 'he is \Iinsusceptible\j\b\i to argument'. \Binsusceptibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i insa-septa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintact\h
\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1takt\j\b\i \Padjective\p remaining whole, unchanged or undamaged. \Bintactness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iintactus\j\b\i untouched
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\Hintaglio\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tah\j\b\ili-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the art of engraving designs into a surface, especially on gems.
\CX12.\j\b\i a method of printing from engraved plates or cylinders . Italian \Iintagliare\j\b\i to engrave
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\Hintake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of taking in. b) anything which is taken in: 'a huge \Iintake\j\b\i of students'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the opening through which a fluid is taken into a container, pipe, etc.
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\Hintangible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tan\j\b\iji-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i incapable of being touched.
\CX12.\j\b\i vague or indefinable: 'he has \Iintangible\j\b\i fears about his future'. \Bintangibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintangibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-tanji-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintangible asset\h
an asset of a business, such as goodwill or a trademark, the value of which is difficult to assess. Compare \Jtangible asset\j\b\i.
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\Hinteger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iti-jer \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i any number without a fraction. Latin, intact
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\Hintegral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iti-grul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being an indispensable part of a whole: 'arms and legs are \Iintegral\j\b\i parts of the human body'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to integers. \Bintegrally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintegral calculus\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jcalculus\j\b\i.
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\Hintegrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iti-grate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to combine parts into a whole: 'the welfare plan \Iintegrated\j\b\i all the existing agencies into one comprehensive service'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to absorb into a culture or society: 'some of the newcomers were more quickly \Iintegrated\j\b\i into the community than others'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to perform the process of integration.
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\Hintegrated circuit\h
\IElectronics:\j\b\i a complete circuit of many components etched on a minute silicon chip, and much smaller than a printed circuit.
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\Hintegration\h
\Isay\j\b\i inti-\CX1gray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the bringing or fitting together of parts into a whole.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the inverse process of differentiation.
\CX13.\j\b\i the policy or process of making public facilities, such as schools and transport, available to people of all races. \Bintegrationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who favours racial integration.
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\Hintegrity\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1teg\j\b\iri-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being honest and upright in character.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state or condition of being complete: 'the scholar had restored the text of the manuscript to its original \Iintegrity\j\b\i'.
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\Hintegument\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1teg\j\b\i-yoo-m'nt \Pnoun\p any outer covering, such as skin, rind or a shell.
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\Hintellect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ita-lekt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the capacity of the mind to reason and grasp ideas, as distinct from feeling and will.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person of good understanding or reasoning powers. See \Jintelligence\j\b\i.
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\Hintellectual\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1lek\j\b\i-tyoo-al \Padjective\p a) of or relating to the intellect: 'the \Iintellectual\j\b\i powers'. b) possessing or showing intellect: 'he's a very \Iintellectual\j\b\i author'.
\Bintellectual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any person who enjoys intellectual pursuits or whose work requires a developed intellect. \Bintellectually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintellectualise\j\b\i, \Bintellectualize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to treat in intellectual terms.
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\Hintellectual property\h
the ideas, processes, methods or approaches that may be perceived as being created by, and therefore belonging to, a single person or a group of people.
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\Hintelligence\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tell\j\b\ii-j'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to understand, reason and learn to adapt to new situations.
\CX12.\j\b\i news or information, especially about important events.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i the branch of an army which collects and analyses information about foreign armed forces and their equipment, etc. \Bintelligent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing intelligence; \Bintelligently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bintelligence\j\b\i, \Bintellect\j\b\i both refer to the capacity to know, reason and understand: \Iintelligence\j\b\i is the more general term, suggesting a natural ability to think and adapt, whereas \Iintellect\j\b\i refers to a developed capacity to reason and test ideas.
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\Hintelligence quotient\h
short form is \BIQ\j\b\i
a supposed indicator of a person's intelligence as measured by an intelligence test, and in relation to others of the same age. The IQ is mental age divided by real age, multiplied by 100. For the purpose of intelligence testing a person's 'real age' is frozen at 15. Thus the average IQ at any age up to 15 is 100, and the IQ of an eight-year-old with a mental age of ten is 125.
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\Hintelligence test\h
a method of measuring intelligence by using tasks and problems.
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\Hintelligentsia\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-telli-\CX1jen\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p the intellectual class of society. Russian
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\Hintelligible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tell\j\b\iija-b'l \Padjective\p capable of being understood. \Bintelligibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintelligibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-tellija-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintemperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tem\j\b\ipa-rit \Padjective\p lacking moderation, e.g. in speech or the consumption of alcohol. \Bintemperately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintemperance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being intemperate.
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\Hintend\h
\Pverb\p to plan or have as a purpose: a) 'he \Iintends\j\b\i to quit'; b) 'a room \Iintended\j\b\i for study'. \Bintended\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) one's prospective husband or wife.
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\Hintense\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tense\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very great or strong: a) '\Iintense\j\b\i light'; b) '\Iintense\j\b\i happiness'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has devoted years of \Iintense\j\b\i study to the problem' (= hard).
\CX12.\j\b\i characterised by strong feelings: 'an \Iintense\j\b\i young man'.
the quality of being intense. \Bintensely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintensify\j\b\i (\Bintensified\j\b\i, \Bintensifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become intense or more intense; \Bintensification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintensive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ten\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i concentrated: 'an \Iintensive\j\b\i course in economics'.
\CX12.\j\b\i designed to produce maximum results: '\Iintensive\j\b\i farming'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i indicating emphasis. \IExample:\j\b\i 'certainly' is an \Iintensive\j\b\i \Padverb\p. \Bintensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintent (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any purpose or intention.
\Bto all intents and purposes\j\b\i, in almost every way.
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any plan of action, design, or purpose.
\CX12.\j\b\i any goal or objective which guides some action. \Bintentional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, intended or deliberate; \Bintentionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to place a corpse in a grave or tomb. \Binterment\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\i-m'nt), \Inoun\j\b\i, a burial.
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\Hinter-\h
a prefix meaning: a) between or among, as in \Iinterbreed\j\b\i; b) reciprocally or mutually, as in \Iinteract\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hinteraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1rak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of two things acting on each other.
\Binteractive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i allowing reciprocal activity to occur.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of software programs) allowing the user to respond to and alter the course of a particular program. \Binteract\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinteractive multimedia\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i software-based programs which enable users to investigate a topic area by choosing pathways through it and by responding to such features as screen text, fixed or moving images, and sounds such as voice or music.
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\Hinteractive television\h
a television service which allows viewers to interact with its programs by using a specially designed computer to register opinions, purchase advertised items, etc.
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\Hinter alia\h
\Isay\j\b\i inter \CX1ay\j\b\i-lee-a among other things. Latin
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to intervene on behalf of another. Latin \Iintercedere\j\b\i to come between
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\Hintercept\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1sept\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stop or interrupt the progress of.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to cut off by intersecting at two points. \Binterception\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of intercepting; \Bintercept\j\b\i (Maths), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binterceptor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that intercepts.
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\Hintercession\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of interceding.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a prayer on behalf of someone else. \Bintercessory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making intercession.
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\Hinterchange\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change places or put in the place of each other.
\CX12.\j\b\i to exchange.
\CX13.\j\b\i to alternate: 'tears \Iinterchanged\j\b\i with smiles'. \Binterchange\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of interchanging; \Binterchangeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Binterchangeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintercom\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bintercommunication\j\b\i
a system of communication between rooms in a building, aircraft, etc., using telephones, microphones, etc.
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\Hinterconnect\h
\Pverb\p to connect or be connected one with the other. \Binterconnection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintercontinental\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-konti-\CX1nen\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i between continents: '\Iintercontinental\j\b\i shipping'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to reach from one continent to another: 'an \Iintercontinental\j\b\i ballistic missile'.
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\Hintercostal\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the muscles or spaces between the ribs.
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\Hintercourse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a communication or exchange of ideas, feelings, etc.: 'social \Iintercourse\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sexual intercourse.
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\Hinterdenominational\h
\Padjective\p of or common to two or more religious movements.
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\Hinterdependent\h
\Padjective\p being dependent on each other. \Binterdependently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binterdependence\j\b\i, \Binterdependency\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hinterdict\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ita-dikt \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a punishment by which a person remains a member of the Church, but is prohibited from taking part in certain religious acts. \Binterdict\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1dikt\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to forbid or prohibit; \Binterdiction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iinterdictus\j\b\i forbidden
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\Hinterest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ita-rest \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a feeling of curiosity, fascination, etc.: 'he has an \Iinterest\j\b\i in pottery'. b) the cause of such a feeling.
\CX12.\j\b\i a share or involvement, especially in property, business, etc.: 'she has a controlling \Iinterest\j\b\i in the company'.
\CX13.\j\b\i importance: 'material possessions are of little \Iinterest\j\b\i to her'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) well-being, profit or advantage: 'we have your \Iinterests\j\b\i at heart when we send you to school'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a payment for the use of money or credit, usually calculated as a percentage of the amount used or owed.
\Bsimple interest\j\b\i is calculated on the original amount only.
\Bcompound interest\j\b\i is calculated on the original amount together with the interest accumulated over a period.
\Baccrued interest\j\b\i is the interest calculated up to a certain date within the period of the loan.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she returned their criticisms with \Iinterest\j\b\i' (= more than was originally received).
\Binterest\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to arouse the curiosity of: 'the old house \Iinterested\j\b\i the architect'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to concern or involve: 'she tried to \Iinterest\j\b\i him in buying a farm'. \Binterested\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing interest; \Binterestedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binteresting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, arousing interest; \Binterestingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinterface\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a surface forming a common boundary between two bodies.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of hardware) a device which allows two or more elements to connect so that they can work together.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of software) the part of a program which enables the user to operate the program.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hinder or impede: 'he allowed his personal life to \Iinterfere\j\b\i with his work'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics, Radio:\j\b\i to cause interference. \Binterferingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binterferer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Is'entreferir\j\b\i to strike each other
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\Hinterference\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1feer\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or fact of interfering.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the meeting and combination of waves, the effect varying with the phase, amplitude and frequency of the waves.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i the receiving of radio signals with similar frequencies from more than one source.
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\Hinterferon\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1feer\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p a protein which inhibits the growth of a virus.
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\Hintergalactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-ga-\CX1lak\j\b\itik \Padjective\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i of or between galaxies.
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\Hinterglacial\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1glay\j\b\i-see-ul \Padjective\p \IGeology:\j\b\i occurring or formed between times of glacial action.
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\Hinterim\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ita-rim \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to an intervening period of time.
\CX12.\j\b\i temporary: 'an \Iinterim\j\b\i treaty was made while peace negotiations continued'. \Binterim\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an intervening period of time.
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\Hinterior\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tee\j\b\iria \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being inside.
\CX12.\j\b\i inland.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to the internal affairs of a country. \Binterior\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterior decorator\h
a person who plans and supervises the decoration and furnishing of the inside of a building.
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\Hinterior designer\h
a person trained to design and coordinate the inside form and appearance of a building.
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\Hinterject\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1jekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to break in with a comment while someone else is speaking. \Binterjector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterjection\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1jek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of interjecting.
\CX12.\j\b\i a word or phrase used as an exclamation.
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\Hinterlace\h
\Pverb\p to cross each other as if woven together.
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\Hinterlard\h
\Pverb\p to insert at intervals: 'his speech was \Iinterlarded\j\b\i with swear words'.
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\Hinterleave\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Binterleaf\j\b\i
to insert or provide blank pages in a book, e.g. for protecting illustrations, making notes, etc.
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\Hinterlock\h
\Pverb\p to unite or join closely.
\Binterlock\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a smooth, knitted fabric, usually made from cotton and used for underwear.
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\Hinterlocutor\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1lok\j\b\i-yoo-ter \Pnoun\p a person taking part in a conversation or dialogue. \Binterlocutory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Binterlocution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-lo-\CX1kew\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a conversation.
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\Hinterloper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who intrudes or interferes. \Binterlope\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinterlude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ita-lood \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an intervening episode, period, space, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short comedy placed between two plays, developed during the Renaissance. \Binter-\j\b\i + Latin \Iludus\j\b\i a game
\CX11.\j\b\i to marry someone not a member of one's own group or race.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of families) to become connected by marriage.
\CX13.\j\b\i to marry within one's family, tribe or clan. \Bintermarriage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintermediary\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1meed\j\b\iia-ree \Pnoun\p a mediator or agent. \Bintermediary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being between, b) acting as a mediator.
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\Hintermediate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1mee\j\b\idi-it \Padjective\p situated or occurring between things in time, space, etc.: 'several \Iintermediate\j\b\i products were formed during the chemical reaction'.
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\Hinterment\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p See \Jinter\j\b\i.
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\Hintermezzo\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1met\j\b\iso \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a short piece for the piano. b) an instrumental piece inserted in an opera.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a short comic opera inserted between the acts of a serious opera. Italian, interlude
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\Hinterminable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\i-minna-b'l \Padjective\p having no apparent end. \Binterminably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintermingle\h
\Pverb\p to mingle, one with another.
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\Hintermission\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1mish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pause: 'the rain poured down all day without \Iintermission\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i an interval.
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\Hintermittent\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1mitt\j\b\ient \Padjective\p stopping and starting at intervals. \Bintermittently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iintermittens\j\b\i leaving gaps
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\Hintern (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tern\j\b\i \Pverb\p to confine to a country or place, especially during wartime. \Binternment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binternee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-ter-\CX1nee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is interned.
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\Hintern (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-tern \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i See \Jresident\j\b\i.
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\Hinternal\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tern\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the inside or inner part of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to the domestic affairs of a country. \Binternally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinternal combustion engine\h
an engine with one or more cylinders in which the process of combustion takes place within the cylinder.
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\Hinternal revenue\h
inland revenue.
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\Hinternational\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1nash\j\b\i'n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to more than one nation or nationality.
\CX12.\j\b\i between or among nations: 'an \Iinternational\j\b\i trade agreement'. \Binternationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binternationalise\j\b\i, \Binternationalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make international.
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\Hinternational date line\h
a calculated line at or near 180░ longitude where the date changes by one day when it is crossed.
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\Hinternationalism\h
\Pnoun\p the policy of countries working together for their common good. Compare \Jnationalism\j\b\i. \Binternationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinternational nautical mile\h
See \Jmile\j\b\i.
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\Hinternational subscriber dialling\h
short form is \BISD\j\b\i
a telephone system in which the caller, by the addition of coded digits before a telephone number, is able to call a number in another country directly, without the aid of an operator. Compare \Jsubscriber trunk dialling\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i characterised by great slaughter: 'an \Iinternecine\j\b\i war'.
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\Hinternee\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-ter-\CX1nee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jintern (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hinternet\h
\Pnoun\p any collection of computer networks linked by means of gateways which enable data to be transferred from one computer to another.
\Bthe Internet,\j\b\i a worldwide communications medium consisting of networks of computers and modems which enable users to access information from remote databases, send and receive electronic mail, read and contibute to bulletin boards, etc. short form of \Iinternetwork\j\b\i
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\Hinterplay\h
\Pnoun\p the effect of two or more things on each other.
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\Hinterpolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\ipa-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to insert or introduce something between parts already there.
\CX12.\j\b\i to estimate an unknown quantity within the limits of what is known. Compare \Jextrapolate\j\b\i. \Binterpolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterpose\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to place between.
\CX12.\j\b\i to interject a question or remark during a speech or conversation.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Iinterposed\j\b\i in their quarrel' (= mediated). \Binterposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-po-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of interposing, b) something which is interposed.
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\Hinterpret\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\iprit \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to show, clarify or explain the meaning of: 'we \Iinterpreted\j\b\i his reply as an apology'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to translate the spoken word: 'as she did not understand English I had to \Iinterpret\j\b\i for her'. \Binterpretation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-terpri-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binterpreter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who interprets.
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\Hinterracial\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p a) existing between races or members of different races. b) of or for people of different races.
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\Hinterregnum\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1reg\j\b\inum \Pnoun\p plural is \Binterregnums\j\b\i or \Binterregna\j\b\i
a time when a country has no official leader or government, such as the time between the death of a monarch and the beginning of his or her successor's rule. \Binter-\j\b\i + Latin \Iregnum\j\b\i reign
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\Hinterrelate\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-r'\CX1late\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bring into reciprocal relation. \Binterrelationship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterrogate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1terr\j\b\ia-gate \Pverb\p to examine by close questioning, especially in a formal way. \Binterrogation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binterrogator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who interrogates.
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\Hinterrogation mark\h
See \Jquestion mark\j\b\i.
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\Hinterrogative\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1rogga\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of the nature of a question.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i (of a word, etc.) forming a question. \Binterrogative\j\b\i (Grammar), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binterrogatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binterrogatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to, expressing or implying a question.
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\Hinterrupt\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1rupt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to break the continuity of: 'they \Iinterrupted\j\b\i their journey for a week to stay with relatives'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hinder or stop by breaking in on: 'his speech was \Iinterrupted\j\b\i by many shouts'. \Binterruption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Binter-\j\b\i + Latin \Iruptus\j\b\i broken
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\Hintersect\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1sekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cut across or pass through: 'the roads \Iintersect\j\b\i at the bottom of a hill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to have one or more points in common. \Bintersection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the place where two or more things intersect, b) the act of intersecting. \Binter-\j\b\i + Latin \Isectus\j\b\i cut
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\Hintersperse\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1sperse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to scatter or distribute irregularly among other things. \Binterspersion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1sper\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterstate\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i in another state: 'an \Iinterstate\j\b\i holiday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i between states: '\Iinterstate\j\b\i rivalry'.
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\Hinterstellar\h
\Padjective\p among the stars.
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\Hinterstice\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\istis \Pnoun\p plural is \Binterstices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ter\j\b\ista-seez)
a small space between things or parts. \Binterstitial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1stish\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, pertaining to, situated in, or forming an interstice; \Binterstitially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintertwine\h
\Pverb\p to twine together.
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\Hinterval\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an intervening space or period of time.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i the difference in pitch between two notes.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i the time between two acts of a play, two films, etc., when the audience leave their seats for refreshments. Also called an \Bintermission\j\b\i. Latin \Iintervallum\j\b\i the space between the ramparts
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\Hintervene\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1veen\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to step in, in order to solve, settle, correct, etc.: 'he \Iintervened\j\b\i in the dispute'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come between in time, place, etc.: 'nothing \Iintervened\j\b\i and we were able to take our holiday as planned'. \Bintervention\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1ven\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinterview\h
\Pnoun\p a) a personal meeting for questioning. b) a report of such a meeting. \Binterviewer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who asks the questions at an interview; \Binterview\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinterweave\h
\Pverb\p (\Binterwove\j\b\i or \Binterweaved\j\b\i, \Binterwoven\j\b\i or \Binterwove\j\b\i, \Binterweaving\j\b\i)
to weave together.
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\Hintestate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1test\j\b\iate \Padjective\p \ILaw:\j\b\i having left no valid will. Compare \Jtestate\j\b\i.
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\Hintestine\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1test\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p also called the \Bbowel\j\b\i or the \Bgut\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the lower part of the food canal below the stomach, part of the alimentary canal. The \Bsmall intestine\j\b\i consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the \Blarge intestine\j\b\i consists of the caecum, colon and rectum. \Bintestinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1test\j\b\iin-al), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iintestinus\j\b\i internal
a) 'an \Iintimate\j\b\i dinner party' (= small and private).
b) 'she refused to tell all the \Iintimate\j\b\i details' (= personal).
c) 'Mim has an \Iintimate\j\b\i knowledge of Dutch' (= thorough). \Bintimately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintimacy\j\b\i, \Bintimateness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hintimate (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iti-mate \Pverb\p to imply subtly. \Bintimation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i inti-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hintimate (3)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iti-mit \Pnoun\p a close friend who listens to confidences: 'she's an \Iintimate\j\b\i of mine'.
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\Hintimidate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1timm\j\b\ii-date \Pverb\p to frighten, especially in order to force someone to do something. \Bintimidation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-timmi-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iin-\j\b\i very + \Itimidus\j\b\i afraid
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\Hinto\h
preposition a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i (motion or direction towards the inside) a) 'we went \Iinto\j\b\i the shop'; b) 'we helped him \Iinto\j\b\i the car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (change of condition or result) a) 'the rain changed \Iinto\j\b\i snow'; b) 'she burst \Iinto\j\b\i laughter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (entry or introduction) a) 'they entered \Iinto\j\b\i an agreement'; b) 'to go \Iinto\j\b\i politics'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (extent in time, space, etc.) 'it rained well \Iinto\j\b\i the night'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (division) 'two \Iinto\j\b\i six goes three'.
\Bbe into\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to be deeply involved or interested in; b) to be in debt to. \Binto, in to\j\b\i have small but distinct differences in the meaning. \IInto\j\b\i suggests movement towards the centre or the main body of something: 'she dived \Iinto\j\b\i the pool', 'they headed deep \Iinto\j\b\i the forest'. \IIn to\j\b\i suggests a stopping just before the point of entry: 'the aeroplane flew \Iin to\j\b\i the airport' (perhaps still waiting for landing instructions), 'we headed \Iin to\j\b\i the main room' (towards the room, not necessarily inside it).
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-r'nt \Padjective\p not tolerant. \Bintolerance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bintolerantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintonation\h
\Isay\j\b\i inta-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i the manner of producing notes, especially in relation to accuracy of pitch.
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\Hintone\h
\Pverb\p to speak with drawn-out vowel sounds and in a monotone, as when or as if reciting a prayer or chanting a psalm.
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\Hin toto\h
wholly or absolutely. Latin
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\Hintoxicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tok\j\b\isi-kate \Pverb\p to cause to lose self-control, especially as the result of taking alcohol, drugs, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the team was \Iintoxicated\j\b\i by success' (= wildly excited, elated). \Bintoxicant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bintoxication\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-toksi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, drunkenness. \Bintoxicate\j\b\i is etymologically connected with poison rather than alcohol as it comes from Latin \Iintoxicare\j\b\i (to poison). \IToxon\j\b\i was the Greek word for a bow and \Itoxicon pharmakon\j\b\i referred literally to poison used in archery - on the tips of arrows. This became simply \Itoxicon\j\b\i and went into Latin as \Itoxicum\j\b\i.
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\Hintra-\h
a prefix meaning within, as in \Iintravenous\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hintractable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1trak\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p stubborn or difficult to manage. \Bintractability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-trakti-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Bintractableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bintractably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintramural\h
\Isay\j\b\i intra-\CX1mew\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p existing within the bounds of an institution, especially a university or school.
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\Hintransigent\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tran\j\b\isi-j'nt \Padjective\p uncompromising. \Bintransigent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is uncompromising; \Bintransigence\j\b\i, \Bintransigency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bintransigently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintransitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tran\j\b\izi-tiv \Padjective\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i (of a \Pverb\p) not needing a direct object to complete its meaning. \IExample:\j\b\i the boy \Iwalked\j\b\i slowly to buy a book. Compare \Jtransitive\j\b\i. \Bintransitive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bintransitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintra-uterine device\h
\Isay\j\b\i intra-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-ta-rine de-\CX1vice\j\b\i short form is \BIUD\j\b\i
a contraceptive device which is inserted into the uterus.
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\Hintravenous\h
\Isay\j\b\i intra-\CX1vee\j\b\inus \Padjective\p within a vein, such as an injection given into a vein.
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\Hintrepid\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1trep\j\b\i-id \Padjective\p fearless or bold. \Bintrepidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintrepidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i intre\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bin- (2)\j\b\i + Latin \Itrepidus\j\b\i alarmed
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\Hintricate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\itra-kit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having many interrelating parts or elements: 'an \Iintricate\j\b\i machine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i difficult to untangle: 'an \Iintricate\j\b\i knot'. \Bintricately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintricacy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\itrika-see), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iintricatus\j\b\i entangled
\CX11.\j\b\i to arouse the interest or curiosity of, especially by puzzling.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make and carry out secret plans: 'the anarchists \Iintrigued\j\b\i to overthrow the government'. \Bintrigue\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-treeg \Ior\j\b\i in-\CX1treeg\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an underhand plot, b) the use of such plots. Latin \Iintricare\j\b\i to entangle
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\Hintrinsic\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1trin\j\b\izik \Padjective\p belonging to a thing by its very nature. Compare \Jextrinsic\j\b\i. \Bintrinsically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hintroduce\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make acquainted: 'I would like to \Iintroduce\j\b\i you to a friend of mine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to use or bring to notice first: 'who \Iintroduced\j\b\i the fashion of mini skirts?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iintroduced\j\b\i a bill in Parliament' (= presented).
b) 'this term the class will be \Iintroduced\j\b\i to calculus' (= given first knowledge of).
c) 'the Prime Minister \Iintroduced\j\b\i sweeping changes' (= instituted).
d) 'an amendment was \Iintroduced\j\b\i into the bill' (= inserted, put).
e) 'she \Iintroduced\j\b\i her remarks with a brief summary' (= prefaced). \Bintroduction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of introducing, b) something which introduces or is introduced; \Bintroductory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, forming an introduction. Latin \Iintro-\j\b\i inwards + \Iducere\j\b\i to lead
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\Hintrospection\h
\Isay\j\b\i intra-\CX1spek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the examination of one's own thoughts, sensations, etc. \Bintrospective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bintrospectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bintrospect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iintro-\j\b\i inwards + \Ispecere\j\b\i to look
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\Hintrovert\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\itra-vert \Pnoun\p a person interested chiefly in his or her own thoughts and feelings rather than in the world around. Compare \Jextrovert\j\b\i.
to turn inwards. \Bintroversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i intra-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iintro-\j\b\i inwards + \Ivertere\j\b\i to turn
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\Hintrude\h
\Pverb\p to thrust or force in, especially where one is unwelcome. \Bintruder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that intrudes; \Bintrusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to intrude.
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\Hintrusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1troo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of intruding.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which intrudes, such as a body of igneous rock which forces itself, while molten, into cracks in pre-existing rocks.
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\Hintuition\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-tew-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) an understanding or insight arrived at without conscious reasoning. b) the ability to perceive in this way. \Bintuitive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1tew\j\b\ia-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bintuitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HInuit\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p an Eskimo.
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\Hinundate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1inn\j\b\iun-date \Pverb\p to overwhelm or cover with or as if with a flood: 'we were \Iinundated\j\b\i with applications for the new job'. \Binundation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i innun-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinure\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1yoor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to accustom to something unpleasant.
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\Hinvade\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to enter as an enemy, or in attack.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the dampness from the cellar \Iinvaded\j\b\i the living room' (= moved into).
\CX12.\j\b\i to violate or interfere with: 'do not \Iinvade\j\b\i his privacy'. \Binvader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who invades; \Binvasion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinvalid (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iva-lid \Pnoun\p a person who is sick or disabled for a long period of time. \Binvalid\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Binvalidism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, prolonged ill health.
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\Hinvalid (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vall\j\b\iid \Padjective\p not valid. \Binvalidate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make invalid; \Binvalidation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binvalidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinvaluable\h
\Padjective\p beyond valuing or estimation. \Binvaluably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binvaluableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinvariable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vair\j\b\iia-b'l \Padjective\p not subject to variation. \Binvariably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binvariable\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a constant.
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\Hinvasion\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p See \Jinvade\j\b\i.
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\Hinvective\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vek\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p violent accusation or abuse.
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\Hinveigh\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to protest or attack vehemently in words.
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\Hinveigle\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vay\j\b\i-g'l \Pverb\p to deceive by flattery, trickery, etc. Old French \Iaveugler\j\b\i to blind
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\Hinvent\h
\Pverb\p to conceive of or devise first: 'who \Iinvented\j\b\i the telephone?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iinvented\j\b\i a clever excuse' (= made up, thought of).
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of inventing: 'when was the \Iinvention\j\b\i of the telephone?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has been invented or made: 'her machine was hailed as the best \Iinvention\j\b\i of its type'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we could tell that the story was just another of her \Iinventions\j\b\i' (= falsehoods, lies). \Binventor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binventive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) skilful at inventing, b) of or relating to invention; \Binventively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binventiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinventory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iven-tree \Pnoun\p a list of articles with the description and quantity of each, especially of the stock in a factory, shop, etc. \Binventory\j\b\i (\Binventoried\j\b\i, \Binventorying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-verse \Padjective\p being reversed in order, opposite in nature, etc.: '4321 is the \Iinverse\j\b\i order of 1234'.
\Binverse ratio\j\b\i
a ratio in which one quantity increases in proportion as the other decreases: 'his charm varied in \Iinverse ratio\j\b\i to the amount he had had to drink'. \Binverse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the reverse; \Binversely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinvert\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn upside down or inside out.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reverse the position, order or condition of. \Binversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of inverting, b) the state of being inverted.
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\Hinvertebrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1ver\j\b\iti-brit \Pnoun\p any animal without a backbone.
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\Hinverted commas\h
See \Jquotation marks\j\b\i.
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\Hinvest\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put time, effort, money, etc. into an enterprise, usually for profit.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'mother has \Iinvested\j\b\i large sums on furniture for the new house' (= spent).
\CX12.\j\b\i to provide or endow: 'a president is \Iinvested\j\b\i with great power'. \Binvestor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or group who invests. Old French \Iinvestir\j\b\i to clothe
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\Hinvestigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vest\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p to examine or search into thoroughly, especially to discover facts, causes, etc. \Binvestigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binvestigative\j\b\i, \Binvestigatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Binvestigator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who investigates crimes, etc.
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\Hinvestiture\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vest\j\b\ii-cher \Pnoun\p the act or ceremony of bestowing official authority or position on a person.
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\Hinvestment\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of investing. b) anything, especially money, which is invested: 'they felt that buying the house was an \Iinvestment\j\b\i for the future'.
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\Hinveterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vett\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p being firmly established in a habit or practice, especially a bad one: 'an \Iinveterate\j\b\i smoker'.
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\Hinvidious\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vidd\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p likely to cause offence, dislike or resentment: 'she tends to make \Iinvidious\j\b\i comparisons between the students'. Latin \Iinvidiosus\j\b\i envious
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\Hinvigilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vij\j\b\ia-late \Pverb\p to keep watch, especially over students in an exam. \Binvigilator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinvigorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vigg\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to fill with vigour or energy. \Binvigoratingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binvigoration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinvincible\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vin\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be defeated or conquered. \Binvincibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-vinsa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Binvincibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinviolable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vie\j\b\i-a-lab'l \Padjective\p not to be violated or harmed, as a sacred object. \Binviolability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-vie-a-la\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Binviolableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Binviolably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinviolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vie\j\b\i-alit \Padjective\p kept sacred or unharmed: 'the ancient temple remained \Iinviolate\j\b\i for many years'.
an ink which remains invisible until the surface is treated in a particular way.
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\Hinvitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i invi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a written or spoken request for a person to come, take part, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the deserted house was an open \Iinvitation\j\b\i to vandals' (= attraction, encouragement).
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\Hinvite\h
\Isay\j\b\i in\CX1vite\j\b\i \Pverb\p to request, especially in a formal way.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'carelessness \Iinvites\j\b\i accidents' (= provokes, encourages).
b) 'the prospect of a swim seems \Iinviting\j\b\i on a sweltering day' (= tempting). \Binvite\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\ivite), \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) an invitation; \Binvitingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hin vitro fertilisation\h
short form is \BIVF\j\b\i
the fertilisation of an egg by a sperm in an artificial environment, such as a test tube.
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\Hinvoice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\i-voice \Pnoun\p a list of goods or a detailed bill sent to a purchaser. \Binvoice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinvoke\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1voke\j\b\i \Pverb\p to appeal or call for earnestly, especially to a god. \Binvocation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i invo-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jevoke\j\b\i.
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\Hinvoluntary\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1voll\j\b\iun-tree \Padjective\p being done or occurring without conscious control or choice: 'her \Iinvoluntary\j\b\i sneeze startled all of us'.
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\Hinvoluted\h
\Isay\j\b\i inva-\CX1loo\j\b\itid \Padjective\p also called \Binvolute\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1in\j\b\iva-loot)
\CX11.\j\b\i intricate or complex.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a leaf) rolled inwards from the edge. \Binvolutedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hinvolution\h
\Isay\j\b\i inva-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being involuted.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i any bodily changes involving a decrease in size or activity, such as when a person grows old.
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\Hinvolve\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have or include as a part or element: 'this job will \Iinvolve\j\b\i much travelling'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw or get into a complicated or difficult situation: 'she became \Iinvolved\j\b\i in the argument without meaning to'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make more complicated or difficult: 'please do not \Iinvolve\j\b\i the issue with other matters'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is very \Iinvolved\j\b\i in social work' (= engrossed, absorbed).
b) 'he is \Iinvolved\j\b\i with a French woman' (= having a relationship). \Binvolvement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinvulnerable\h
\Isay\j\b\i in-\CX1vul\j\b\inera-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be hurt or damaged: 'the soldiers' barricades made their position \Iinvulnerable\j\b\i'. \Binvulnerability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i in-vulnera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hinward\h
\Padjective\p relating to or situated inside: 'the plane began its \Iinward\j\b\i curve from the sea towards the airport'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he found an \Iinward\j\b\i peace from Yoga' (= mental, spiritual).
\Binwards\j\b\i, \Binward\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
towards the inside or centre: 'the bedroom windows face \Iinwards\j\b\i to the courtyard'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must look \Iinwards\j\b\i for the cause of your unhappiness' (= into the mind or self). \Binwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Binwardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being internal, b) the real nature or essential meaning of something.
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\Hiodine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-o-deen \Pnoun\p element number 53, a greyish-black, solid non-metal which forms a thick violet vapour when heated and is widely used as an antiseptic and in photography. It is essential in the diet and deficiency causes goitre. See \Jhalogen\j\b\i. \Biodise\j\b\i, \Biodize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to treat or combine with iodine.
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\Hion\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i lion \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i an atom or group of atoms which has become electrically charged by losing (positive ion) or gaining (negative ion) one or more electrons. \Bionic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bionisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eye-on-eye-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the formation of ions; \Bionise\j\b\i, \Bionize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek, going
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\Hionic bond\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1on\j\b\i-ik bond also called an \Belectrovalent bond\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. The resulting ions are held together by electrostatic attraction. Compare \Jcovalent bond\j\b\i and \Bdative bond\j\b\i.
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\Hionosphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1onn\j\b\ia-sfeer \Pnoun\p the outer layers of the earth's atmosphere where the density is so reduced that electrically charged particles can exist.
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\Hiota\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1o\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p a very small quantity. from \Iiota\j\b\i, the ninth and smallest letter of the Greek alphabet, equal to the English letter i
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\Hipecacuanha\h
\Isay\j\b\i ippik-ak-yoo-\CX1anna\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a substance extracted from the roots of various South American plants, used in medicines, especially as an emetic.
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\Hipso facto\h
by that very fact: 'she is leader of the ruling political party and, \Iipso facto\j\b\i, Prime Minister'. Latin
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\Hir-\h
a variant of the prefixes \Bin- (1)\j\b\i and \Bin- (2)\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Padjective\p full of rage or a sense of outrage.
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\Hire\h
\Pnoun\p anger or rage.
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\Hiridescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1dess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p having or showing rainbow colours. \Biridescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Biridescently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hiridium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1idd\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p element number 77, a brittle metal similar to platinum, used in pen-nibs, and in alloys requiring extreme hardness and a high melting point. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hiridology\h
\Isay\j\b\i iri-\CX1dol\j\b\io-gee \Pnoun\p a method of diagnosis in which the markings in the iris of the eye are examined for indications of irregularities in the body.
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\Hiris\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-ris \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the coloured circular part at the front of the eye, capable of contracting or expanding.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a group of mainly tuberous plants with sword-shaped leaves and flowers of striking and varied hues. Greek, rainbow
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\HIrish moss\h
a thickening agent made from seaweed.
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\Hirk\h
\Pverb\p to annoy or weary: 'it \Iirked\j\b\i him to wait for so long at the airport'. \Birksome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hiron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 26, a magnetic metal which rusts readily in moist air. It is widely used in tools and machines and is essential to form blood. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a metal appliance with a smooth flat bottom, usually heated by an electric element and used for pressing clothes, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i something made of or as if of iron: a) 'a fire \Iiron\j\b\i'; b) 'hearts of \Iiron\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i any iron-headed club, used mainly for short or high strokes and each numbered according to the angle of the head to the handle. Compare \Jwood\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the shackles of a prisoner.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave an iron in the fire\j\b\i, to have a part in some business or undertaking.
\Bstrike while the iron is hot\j\b\i, to seize or make the most of a good opportunity.
\Biron\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to press or smooth with an iron.
\Biron out\j\b\i, 'let us try to \Iiron out\j\b\i our differences' (= settle, work out). \Bironing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the process of using an iron to press clothes, etc., b) any clothes, linen, etc. which need to be ironed.
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\HIron Age\h
a period in human history following the Bronze Age, during which weapons and tools were first made of iron.
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\Hironbark\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of eucalypt with thick, black bark.
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\HIron Curtain\h
\IPolitics:\j\b\i formerly, the imaginary barrier formed by the borders of Russia and the communist countries supporting it, which separated them from the rest of Europe.
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\Hironic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1ronn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p ironical \CX11.\j\b\i of or containing irony: 'an \Iironic\j\b\i smile'.
\CX12.\j\b\i tending to use irony: 'an \Iironic\j\b\i person'. \Bironically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hironing\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jiron\j\b\i.
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\Hiron lung\h
a chamber for paralysed patients, which encloses the chest and, by changing the pressure inside the chamber, causes movement of the chest wall, so breathing for the patient.
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\Hironmonger\h
\Pnoun\p a person who sells domestic metal goods, such as saucepans and nails. \Bironmongery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hiron rations\h
any food or other rations kept for an emergency.
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\Hironwork\h
\Pnoun\p any objects or parts made of iron, such as decorative railings, etc.
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\Hirony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-ra-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mockingly humorous use of words in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is actually said.
\CX12.\j\b\i a situation which seems to mock reasonable hopes: 'by an \Iirony\j\b\i of fate he died just before he was going to alter his will in my favour'. Greek \Ieironeia\j\b\i understatement or pretended ignorance
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\Hirradiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to brighten or illuminate.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i to expose to radiation or particles of any kind.
\CX13.\j\b\i to preserve food by exposing it to small amounts of radiation. \Birradiation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irray-dee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirrational\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1rash\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not having the ability to reason.
\CX12.\j\b\i not based on logic or reason: 'an \Iirrational\j\b\i argument'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to a number which cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Compare \Jrational\j\b\i. \Birrationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Birrationality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irrasha-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirreconcilable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irrek-on-\CX1sile\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be reconciled. \Birreconcilably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirredeemable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1dee\j\b\ima-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be restored or redeemed.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of banknotes) not convertible into coins. \Birredeemably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreducible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1dew\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be reduced or made smaller. \Birreducibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirrefrangible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1fran\j\b\iji-b'l \Padjective\p not to be broken or violated. \Birrefrangibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirrefutable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1few\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be proved false. \Birrefutably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirregular\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1reg\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not regular: a) 'an \Iirregular\j\b\i road surface'; b) 'the night-watchman keeps very \Iirregular\j\b\i hours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i of or relating to a \Pverb\p whose changes of form for each tense do not follow general rules. \IExample:\j\b\i 'bring' is an \Iirregular\j\b\i \Pverb\p.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iirregular\j\b\i troops were called in to join the offensive' (= not permanent). \Birregularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irreg-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirrelevant\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1rell\j\b\ia-v'nt \Padjective\p not relevant. \Birrelevance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Birrelevantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreligious\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1lij\j\b\ius \Padjective\p not religious.
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\Hirremediable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1mee\j\b\idia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be remedied or repaired. \Birremediably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreparable\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1rep\j\b\i'ra-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be repaired or made better. \Birreparably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreplaceable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1place\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be replaced.
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\Hirrepressible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1press\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be controlled or held back: 'an \Iirrepressible\j\b\i giggle'. \Birrepressibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreproachable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1proach\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p free from blame or fault. \Birreproachably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirresistible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1zis\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be resisted: '\Iirresistible\j\b\i charm'. \Birresistibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirresolute\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1rezz\j\b\ia-loot \Padjective\p hesitant or lacking in resolve. \Birresolutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Birresolution\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irrezza-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirrespective\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1spek\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p not considering or taking into account: '\Iirrespective\j\b\i of our parents' wishes we stayed up very late'.
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\Hirresponsible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1spon\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p not responsible. \Birresponsibility\j\b\i, \Birresponsibleness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Birresponsibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirretrievable\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1tree\j\b\iva-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be retrieved or recovered. \Birretrievably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirreverent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1revv\j\b\ia-r'nt \Padjective\p not reverent or respectful. \Birreverently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Birreverence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirreversible\h
\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1ver\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be reversed. \Birreversibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirrevocable\h
\Isay\j\b\i ir\CX1revv\j\b\ia-ka-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be revoked or changed. \Birrevocably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hirrigate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to supply land with water by means of artificial channels through the fields, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i to rinse or wash with a flow of liquid over a wound, etc. \Birrigation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirritable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1irr\j\b\iita-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being easily made impatient, angry or irritated.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i (of an organism) able to react to a stimulus. \Birritably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Birritability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irrita-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hirritant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1irr\j\b\ii-t'nt \Pnoun\p anything which irritates: 'her methodical tidiness was a great \Iirritant\j\b\i to him'.
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\Hirritate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1irr\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cause impatience or anger.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause discomfort such as itching or rubbing: 'the sore was \Iirritated\j\b\i by the harsh material of her coat'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to stimulate an organism to some action or function. \Birritatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Birritation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i irri-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jaggravate\j\b\i.
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\Hirruption\h
\Isay\j\b\i irr-\CX1up\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a sudden bursting in or invasion. \Birrupt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Birruptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\His\h
\Pverb\p the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\H-ise\h
-ize a suffix forming \Pverb\ps, indicating: a) following some action, policy, etc., as in \Iapologise\j\b\i; b) acting on or affecting in a particular way, as in \Ilegalise\j\b\i.
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\H-ish\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a suffix used to form \Padjective\ps from \Pnoun\ps and meaning: a) belonging to, as in \IBritish\j\b\i; b) (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) like or resembling, as in \Ichildish\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a suffix used to form \Padjective\ps from other \Padjective\ps and meaning somewhat or about, as in \Ioldish\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a suffix used to form \Padjective\ps from \Pnoun\ps or other \Padjective\ps and meaning to have a tendency towards, as in \Ibookish\j\b\i.
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\HIslam\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1iz\j\b\i-lahm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the Moslem religion, based on belief in one supreme God, and the teachings of Mohammed as set down in the Koran. Also called \BMohammedanism\j\b\i by non-Moslems, but there is doctrinal objection to the term in Islam.
\CX12.\j\b\i all Moslem believers or their civilisation. \BIslamic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i iz-\CX1lah\j\b\imik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BIslamite\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1iz\j\b\ila-mite), \Inoun\j\b\i. Arabic \Iislam\j\b\i resignation or submission to the will of God
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\Hisland\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-land \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a smallish piece of land completely surrounded by water.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, etc. of an island: 'a traffic \Iisland\j\b\i'. \Bislander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a native or inhabitant of an island.
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\Hisle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ile \Pnoun\p an island, especially a small one.
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\Hislet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\ilet \Pnoun\p a small island.
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\Hism\h
\Isay\j\b\i izm \Pnoun\p a distinctive theory or doctrine.
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\H-ism\h
\Isay\j\b\i izm a suffix indicating: a) an action or process, as in \Iterrorism\j\b\i; b) a state, as in \Ibarbarism\j\b\i; c) a characteristic, as in \IAnglicism\j\b\i; d) a doctrine or theory, as in \Icommunism\j\b\i.
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\Hiso-\h
a prefix meaning equal, as in \Iisobar\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hisobar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-so-bar \Pnoun\p a line on a map joining places of equal air-pressure.
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\Hisohyet\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-so-\CX1high\j\b\i-et \Pnoun\p a line on a map joining places of equal rainfall. \Biso-\j\b\i + Greek \Ihyetos\j\b\i rain
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\Hisolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-so-late \Pverb\p to separate or put apart from others. \Bisolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hisolationism\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-so-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n-izm \Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i the policy of one country isolating itself from other countries by abstaining from alliances and other international political relations. \Bisolationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hisomerism\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1somm\j\b\ia-rizm \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the existence of two or more compounds, called isomers, with the same atoms in the molecule but having different properties because the atoms in the molecule are arranged differently.
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\Hisometric\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-so-\CX1met\j\b\irik \Padjective\p of or having equal measurements.
\Bisometrics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any physical exercises for strengthening muscles by tensing one set of muscles against another, or against an object. \Bisometrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bisometrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bisometry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1somm\j\b\ia-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i, an equality of measurement.
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\Hisomorphic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-so-\CX1mor\j\b\ifik \Padjective\p of or having the same shape.
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\Hisosceles\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1soss\j\b\ia-leez \Padjective\p (of a triangle) having two sides equal. \Biso-\j\b\i + Greek \Iskelos\j\b\i a leg
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\Hisotherm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-so-therm \Pnoun\p a line on a map joining places of equal temperature. \Bisothermal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bisothermally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hisotonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-so-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i (of a solution) having the same osmotic pressure as normal protoplasm. Compare \Jhypertonic\j\b\i and \Bhypotonic\j\b\i.
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\Hisotope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-so-tope \Pnoun\p an atom which has a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element. The isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties, and vary only in those physical properties which are affected by the mass of the atom, such as density. \Biso-\j\b\i + Greek \Itopos\j\b\i place (in the periodic table)
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\Hissue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ish\j\b\ioo \Ior\j\b\i \CX1iss\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a matter to be discussed, decided or given attention: 'let's consider the political \Iissues\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of giving out, delivering or distributing: 'the \Iissue\j\b\i of new banknotes will begin in two weeks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything produced, given out or distributed, especially at one time: 'this is the first \Iissue\j\b\i of the evening paper'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) the act of going or flowing out: 'the \Iissue\j\b\i of blood from a wound'. b) anything which comes or flows out.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what was the final \Iissue\j\b\i of the debate?' (= result, product).
b) 'the old man died without \Iissue\j\b\i' (= offspring).
\Btake issue\j\b\i, 'I must \Itake issue\j\b\i with you on that point' (= disagree, dispute).
\Bissue\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bissued\j\b\i, \Bissuing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put out, deliver or distribute: 'a gale warning has been \Iissued\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discharge or cause to flow out.
\CX13.\j\b\i to proceed or come as a result: 'a deep friendship \Iissued\j\b\i from their first meeting'.
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\H-ist\h
a suffix indicating a person who practises or is concerned with something, as in \Identist\j\b\i.
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\Histhmus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1iss\j\b\i-muss \Pnoun\p plural is \Bisthmuses\j\b\i
a narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land. Greek \Iisthmos\j\b\i narrow passage, neck
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\Hit\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the third person singular nominative \Ppronoun\p, used when gender is not indicated: 'has \Iit\j\b\i got icing?'. Plural is \Bthey\j\b\i. b) the third person singular objective \Ppronoun\p used when gender is not indicated: 'I ate \Iit\j\b\i all'. Plural is \Bthem\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jits\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i used to refer to a group of words which follows: '\Iit\j\b\i is easier if you read the instructions first'.
\CX14.\j\b\i used to indicate the general situation or something which will be understood from the context: a) 'how was \Iit\j\b\i in Queensland?'; b) '\Iit\j\b\i is 7 o'clock'.
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\Hitalic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1tall\j\b\iik \Ior\j\b\i eye-\CX1tall\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a style of printing with sloping characters, used for emphasis, etc.: '\Ithis is italic\j\b\i'. Compare \Jroman\j\b\i. \Bitalicise\j\b\i, \Bitalicize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to print in italics. as first used in \IItaly\j\b\i
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\Hitch\h
\Pnoun\p a feeling of irritation on the skin causing a desire or need to scratch.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has an \Iitch\j\b\i to travel' (= restless or persistent desire).
\Bhave an itching palm\j\b\i, See \Jpalm\j\b\i. \Bitch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bitchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having an itch.
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\H-ite\h
a suffix indicating a person associated with a particular place, doctrine, etc., as in \IIsraelite\j\b\i.
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\Hitem\h
\Pnoun\p a single or separate thing in a list or series: a) 'there are several valuable \Iitems\j\b\i for sale'; b) 'here is an important news \Iitem\j\b\i'. \Bitemise\j\b\i, \Bitemize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give or state every item of.
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\Hiterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1itt\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to repeat.
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\Hitinerant\h
\Isay\j\b\i i-\CX1tinn\j\b\ia-r'nt \Padjective\p travelling from place to place. \Bitinerant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who travels from place to place; \Bitinerancy\j\b\i, \Bitineracy\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bitinerantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iitineris\j\b\i of a journey
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\Hitinerary\h
\Isay\j\b\i eye-\CX1tinn\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p the route or plan of a journey.
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\H-itis\h
a suffix used in medical terms to indicate inflammation of a particular part, as in \Itonsillitis\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hits\h
possessive \Padjective\p plural is \Btheir\j\b\i
belonging to it: 'has the house got \Iits\j\b\i own garden?'.
\Bits\j\b\i \Ipossessive \Ppronoun\p\j\b\i
plural is \Btheirs\j\b\i
belonging to it. do not confuse with \Iit's\j\b\i, which is the short form of \Iit is\j\b\i.
#
\Hitself\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bit\j\b\i: 'this machine switches \Iitself\j\b\i off'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bit\j\b\i: 'the distance \Iitself\j\b\i is not very great'.
\CX13.\j\b\i its normal or usual self: 'the dog was not \Iitself\j\b\i while its owners were away'.
#
\H-ive\h
a suffix indicating: a) tendency or disposition, as in \Iactive\j\b\i; b) function, as in \Ipreservative\j\b\i.
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\Hivory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-va-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the hard, whitish dentine obtained from the tusks of elephants. b) any similar substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a creamy-white colour. \Bivory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ieboris\j\b\i of ivory
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\Hivory black\h
a deep black colour or pigment made from charred ivory.
#
\Hivory tower\h
an attitude of remoteness, withdrawal or aloofness, especially in relation to everyday life.
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\Hivy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1eye\j\b\i-vee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an evergreen, climbing plant with dark, shiny leaves, often used as an ornamental covering for walls, etc., to which it attaches itself by means of aerial roots.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various climbing plants.
#
\Hjab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjabbed\j\b\i, \Bjabbing\j\b\i)
to push sharply, as with the end or point of something. \Bjab\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hjabber\h
\Pverb\p to chatter or talk nonsense. \Bjabber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, nonsensical talk; \Bjabberer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjabiru\h
\Isay\j\b\i jabba-\CX1roo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a type of stork. American Indian
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\Hjacaranda\h
\Isay\j\b\i jakka-\CX1ran\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p any of a group of tall, tropical trees with bluish-purple flowers.
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\Hjack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various mechanical devices for raising heavy objects, such as that used to support a car while changing a tyre.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a playing card with a picture of a prince, usually having value just below a queen. Also called a \Bknave\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGames:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) a children's game in which each player tosses and catches five small objects shaped like bones. b) the objects used in this game. Also called \Bknucklebones\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBowls:\j\b\i a round white ball at which the players aim their bowls.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a socket which accepts a plug at one end and attaches to circuitry at the other.
\Bevery man jack\j\b\i, everyone. \Bjack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to lift or move with a jack, b) (informal) to raise.
#
\Hjackal\h
\Pnoun\p a wild dog of Africa and Asia, hunting in packs and feeding on carrion.
#
\Hjackass\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male ass.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very stupid person.
\CX13.\j\b\i a kookaburra.
#
\Hjackdaw\h
\Pnoun\p a shiny, black, European bird related to the crow.
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\Hjackeroo\h
\Pnoun\p jackaroo \IAustralian:\j\b\i a young person working on a sheep or cattle station.
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\Hjacket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short coat reaching to the waist or hips.
\CX12.\j\b\i any outer coat or covering around something, as for protection, etc.: a) 'a book \Ijacket\j\b\i'; b) 'potatoes cooked in their \Ijackets\j\b\i'.
#
\Hjackhammer\h
\Pnoun\p a hammer-like drill operated by compressed air, for drilling through rocks, etc.
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\Hjack-in-the-box\h
\Pnoun\p a toy with a figure on a spring which jumps out of a box when the lid is opened.
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\Hjackknife\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jak\j\b\i-nife \Pnoun\p plural is \Bjackknives\j\b\i
a large claspknife.
\Bjackknife\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fold or bend double like a jackknife.
#
\Hjack-of-all-trades\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is able to do many different kinds of work.
#
\Hjackpot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the largest prize in a competition.
\CX12.\j\b\i any accumulated sum or fund, e.g. the stakes in a gambling game.
\Bhit the jackpot\j\b\i, to be very successful or lucky.
\Bjackpot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to increase prize money after each competition until it is won: 'the prize will \Ijackpot\j\b\i'.
#
\Hjacuzzi\h
\Isay\j\b\i j'\CX1koo\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p a spa bath. a trademark
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\Hjade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i either of two types of hard, usually green, fine-grained minerals, used as an ornamental stone or in jewellery.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various bluish to yellowish-green colours.
#
\Hjaded\h
\Padjective\p tired or worn-out.
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\Hjaffle\h
\Pnoun\p a sandwich with a sweet or savoury filling baked in a double-sided, long-handled mould held over a flame.
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\Hjag\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a spree, especially a drinking spree.
#
\Hjagged\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jagg\j\b\iid \Padjective\p sharp and ragged: 'the \Ijagged\j\b\i edges of broken glass'. \Bjag\j\b\i (\Bjagged\j\b\i, \Bjagging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut or slash.
#
\Hjaguar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jag\j\b\i-yoo-a \Pnoun\p a large, flesh-eating mammal of the cat family, having a tawny coat with black patches and found in the forests of tropical America.
#
\Hjail\h
\Pnoun\p a gaol.
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\Hjake\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) all right, satisfactory.
\Bshe's jake\j\b\i, that's fine.
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\Hjalopy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ja-\CX1lopp\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a decrepit old motor car.
#
\Hjam (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjammed\j\b\i, \Bjamming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to squeeze into a very tight position.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Ijam\j\b\i on the brakes' (= apply suddenly or violently).
b) 'the window is \Ijammed\j\b\i and I cannot open it' (= stuck).
c) 'a street \Ijammed\j\b\i with traffic' (= filled to excess, blocked).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i to send out signals intended to interfere with other signals of the same frequency.
\Bjam\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state of being jammed or blocked: 'a traffic \Ijam\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a difficult situation.
#
\Hjam (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a spread made by boiling fruit with sugar until it thickens and sets. \Bjammy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) thick or sticky like jam, b) covered with jam.
#
\Hjamb\h
\Isay\j\b\i jam \Pnoun\p the upright frame of a door or window. French \Ijambe\j\b\i leg
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\Hjamboree\h
\Pnoun\p a large rally or gathering.
#
\Hjam session\h
an informal gathering of musicians to improvise together.
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\Hjangle\h
\Pverb\p to make or cause to make a harsh or discordant sound. \Bjangle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjanitor\h
\Pnoun\p a caretaker.
#
\HJanuary\h
\Pnoun\p the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. \Bjanuary\j\b\i is named after \IJanus\j\b\i, the Roman god whose head had two faces, one facing towards the front and the new year and the other towards the back and the previous year. He was also the god of doors, gates and beginnings, \Ijanus\j\b\i being the Latin for an archway.
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\Hjaponica\h
\Isay\j\b\i ja-\CX1ponn\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p any of a group of deciduous, winter-flowering, Asian shrubs, related to the quince. \Ijaponica\j\b\i from Japan
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\Hjar (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a wide-mouthed, usually cylindrical, container, often with an airtight lid.
#
\Hjar (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjarred\j\b\i, \Bjarring\j\b\i)
to cause a jolt, shock or sudden movement to: 'he was \Ijarred\j\b\i by the fall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her mocking laughter \Ijarred\j\b\i on my nerves' (= had an unpleasant or irritating effect).
b) 'those two bright colours \Ijar\j\b\i with each other' (= clash). \Bjar\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a shock or jolt.
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\HjardiniΦre\h
\Isay\j\b\i jardin-\CX1yair\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an ornamental pot or container for plants, etc. French \Ijardinier\j\b\i gardener
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\Hjargon\h
\Pnoun\p a) the language of a certain class or profession, usually little understood by others. b) any meaningless talk.
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\Hjarrah\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of Western Australian eucalypt with very hard, red timber.
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\Hjasmine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jaz\j\b\imin \Pnoun\p a small shrub or climbing plant with fragrant, white, yellow or pink flowers.
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\Hjasper\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jchalcedony\j\b\i.
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\Hjaundice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jawn\j\b\i-dis \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a yellow discoloration of the skin due to a build-up of bile in the blood and tissues.
\Bjaundiced\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having jaundice.
\CX12.\j\b\i having embittered or distorted views, ideas, etc. \Bjaundice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French \Ijaune\j\b\i yellow
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\Hjaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i jawnt \Pnoun\p a short journey, especially one taken for pleasure. \Bjaunt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hjaunty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jawn\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p having a sprightly or self-assured air. \Bjauntily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjauntiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hjavelin\h
\Pnoun\p a) a light spear, especially one thrown in competitions. b) the athletics competition in which it is thrown.
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\Hjaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two bones of the head in which the teeth are set.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) something which has the shape or function of the jaws, such as parts in a machine which grasp or hold things.
\Bjaw\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk or gossip.
#
\Hjay\h
\Pnoun\p any of various colourful, noisy, European or American birds related to the crow.
#
\Hjaywalk\h
\Pverb\p to cross a road carelessly, ignoring traffic lights or pedestrian crossings.
#
\Hjazz\h
\Pnoun\p a style of music developed by the American blacks, with much improvising and syncopated rhythms. \Bjazz around\j\b\i, (informal) to act or proceed in a lively or energetic manner; \Bjazz up\j\b\i, (informal) to make bright or lively; \Bjazzy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) very bright or showy.
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\Hjealous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jell\j\b\ius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i resentful or suspicious of a rival or another's success, advantage, etc.: 'her \Ijealous\j\b\i husband watches every move she makes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i careful to protect or guard: 'the dog was \Ijealous\j\b\i of its huge bone'. \Bjealously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjealousy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Izelos\j\b\i zeal
#
\Hjeans\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of denim trousers.
#
\Hjeep\h
\Pnoun\p a small military vehicle used for communication and liaison purposes. from \Bg\j\b\i(eneral) \Bp\j\b\i(urpose vehicle)
#
\Hjeer\h
\Pverb\p to mock. \Bjeeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjeer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\HJehovah\h
\Isay\j\b\i j'\CX1ho\j\b\i-va \Pnoun\p \IJewish, Christian:\j\b\i a name for God used in the Old Testament.
#
\Hjejune\h
\Isay\j\b\i ja-\CX1joon\j\b\i \Padjective\p uninteresting or unsatisfying to the mind. Latin \Ijejunus\j\b\i fasting, empty
#
\Hjejunum\h
\Isay\j\b\i ja-\CX1joo\j\b\inum \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the second part of the small intestine, where the major part of digestion takes place.
#
\Hjell\h
\Pverb\p to set or form a jelly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after much discussion their plan began to \Ijell\j\b\i' (= take shape, become definite).
#
\Hjelly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft but firm food made with gelatine or by boiling a liquid containing sugar until it sets.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything with the consistency of jelly.
\CX13.\j\b\i (often spelt \Igelly\j\b\i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) See \Jgelignite\j\b\i. \Bjelly\j\b\i (\Bjellied\j\b\i, \Bjellying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hjellyfish\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmedusa\j\b\i
any soft, jelly-like, marine organism, usually having an umbrella-like body and long tentacles.
#
\Hjemmy\h
\Pnoun\p a short crowbar. \Bjemmy\j\b\i (\Bjemmied\j\b\i, \Bjemmying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to force open with a jemmy.
#
\Hjenny\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the female of certain animals, such as the donkey.
\CX12.\j\b\i a spinning jenny.
#
\Hjeopardise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jepp\j\b\ia-dize \Pverb\p jeopardize to risk or endanger. \Bjeopardy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jepp\j\b\ia-dee), \Inoun\j\b\i, danger or peril.
#
\Hjerboa\h
\Isay\j\b\i jer-\CX1bo\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a small, rat-like, desert mammal with long hind legs for hopping.
#
\Hjeremiad\h
\Isay\j\b\i jerri-\CX1my\j\b\i-ad \Pnoun\p a long-drawn-out complaint or lament. after the Lamentations of \IJeremiah\j\b\i in the Old Testament
#
\Hjerk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a quick, sharp or violent movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an ignorant or disagreeable person. \Bjerk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give, perform or utter with a jerk or jerks; \Bjerky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, consisting of jerks; \Bjerkily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjerkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hjerkin\h
\Pnoun\p a short, sleeveless jacket.
#
\Hjeroboam\h
\Isay\j\b\i jerra-\CX1bo\j\b\i-im \Pnoun\p a large wine bottle holding about 4 standard bottles.
a flat-sided, closed container for carrying liquids, such as water or petrol.
#
\Hjersey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a guernsey.
\CX12.\j\b\i a knitted fabric made from wool, silk, etc. after the island of \IJersey\j\b\i in the English Channel, where knitting was an important industry
#
\HJerusalem artichoke\h
See \Jartichoke\j\b\i.
#
\Hjest\h
\Pverb\p to speak jokingly or playfully. \Bjest\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a joke; \Bjester\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who jokes, especially a professional clown; \Bjesting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bjestingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\HJesuit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jez\j\b\i-yoo-it \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a member of the religious order called the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in the 16th century.
#
\HJesus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jee\j\b\izez \Pnoun\p Christ.
#
\Hjet (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong, continuous stream of liquid or gas forced out under pressure.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which flows in or as if in such a stream.
\CX13.\j\b\i a spout or device which emits such a stream: 'a gas \Ijet\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i any vehicle, especially an aeroplane, which is operated by jet propulsion. \Bjet\j\b\i (\Bjetted\j\b\i, \Bjetting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to emit a jet, b) to saturate the wool of sheep with poisons to prevent flies laying eggs.
#
\Hjet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard black coal which can be highly polished for use in jewellery, carving, etc.
\Bjet black\j\b\i, a deep black.
#
\Hjet-boat\h
\Pnoun\p a power boat ideal for shallow waters, propelled by a jet of water expelled from the stern.
#
\Hjet-lag\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bjet-fatigue\j\b\i
the symptoms experienced by a person travelling quickly through several time zones.
#
\Hjetfoil\h
\Pnoun\p a type of hydrofoil which pumps jets of water out of the ends of the foils.
#
\Hjetliner\h
\Pnoun\p a commercial aeroplane operated by jet propulsion.
#
\Hjet propulsion\h
propulsion by means of an engine whose combustion chamber is open at the rear end, resulting in a net forward thrust.
#
\Hjetsam\h
\Pnoun\p any articles thrown from a ship to lighten it, found afloat or on the beach. Compare \Jflotsam\j\b\i.
#
\Hjet set\h
a rich social group, especially one which meets in fashionable parts of the world.
#
\Hjettison\h
\Pverb\p to discharge or throw overboard: 'to \Ijettison\j\b\i fuel'.
#
\Hjetty\h
\Pnoun\p a pier.
#
\HJew\h
\Pnoun\p a person of Judaic race or religion. \BJewish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BJewess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of Jew; \BJewry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i, any or all Jews.
#
\Hjewel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a gem. b) an ornament containing gems.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a valued person or possession.
\Bjewel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bjewelled\j\b\i, \Bjewelling\j\b\i)
to adorn with jewels. \Bjeweller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or deals in jewels or jewellery.
#
\Hjewelfish\h
\Pnoun\p a very brightly coloured fish, often kept in home aquariums.
#
\Hjewellery\h
\Pnoun\p jewelry any or all jewels.
#
\Hjewfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of powerful, edible fish with a rounded snout and splits or pores in its body.
#
\HJewry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p See \Jjew\j\b\i.
#
\Hjew's-harp\h
\Pnoun\p a simple musical instrument, one end of which is held in the mouth while the fingers pluck the flexible metal tongue.
#
\Hjib (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a small foresail.
#
\Hjib (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjibbed\j\b\i, \Bjibbing\j\b\i)
to show reluctance or unwillingness.
#
\Hjib (3)\h
\Pnoun\p the projecting arm of a crane.
#
\Hjibe (1)\h
\Pverb\p See \Jgybe\j\b\i.
#
\Hjibe (2)\h
\Pverb\p See \Jgibe\j\b\i.
#
\Hjiffy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a very short time: 'I'll do that in a \Ijiffy\j\b\i'.
#
\Hjig (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a fast, bouncing or irregular dance. b) the music for such a dance.
\Bthe jig is up\j\b\i, the game is up. \Bjig\j\b\i (\Bjigged\j\b\i, \Bjigging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to dance a jig, b) to move in a quick or jerky manner, especially up and down.
#
\Hjig (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various mechanical devices for holding an object in position or guiding a tool.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wire mesh for separating ore by shaking it in water. \Bjig\j\b\i (\Bjigged\j\b\i, \Bjigging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hjigger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that jigs.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various mechanical devices for jolting or shaking.
\CX13.\j\b\i a unit of volume for alcoholic drinks, equal to about 42.6 mL.
#
\Hjiggle\h
\Pverb\p to move up and down or to and fro with quick, short jerks. \Bjiggle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hjigsaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a puzzle in which flat, irregularly shaped pieces are fitted together to form a picture.
\CX12.\j\b\i a saw with a narrow vertical blade, used for cutting curves, etc.
#
\Hjihad\h
\Isay\j\b\i jee-\CX1had\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a crusade for a cause.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a Moslem holy war against infidels (e.g. the Christians). Arabic
#
\Hjillaroo\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a young woman working on a sheep or cattle station.
#
\Hjilt\h
\Pverb\p to reject or cast aside a lover one has encouraged.
#
\Hjingle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tinkling sound, such as that made by a bunch of keys.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short poem with a simple rhyme or rhythm, often set to music, e.g. for television advertisements. \Bjingle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or cause to make a tinkling or clinking sound.
#
\Hjingoism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jin\j\b\igo-izm \Pnoun\p an aggressive nationalism. \Bjingoist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjinker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a semi-trailer with a long, adjustable frame for carrying logs, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a gig.
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\Hjinks\h
plural \Pnoun\p \Bhigh jinks\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any pranks or boisterous merrymaking.
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\Hjinx\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing believed to bring bad luck. \Bjinxed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, pursued by bad luck.
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\Hjitter\h
\Pverb\p to behave nervously.
\Bjitters\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) nervousness. \Bjittery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of the jitters.
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\Hjitterbug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an energetic dance popular in the 1940s.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is nervous or easily flustered.
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\Hjive\h
\Pnoun\p a dance to jazz or other lively music. \Bjive\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjob\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any work or task, especially when done for a fee or wage.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you'll have to make the most of a bad \Ijob\j\b\i' (= situation, affair).
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular sort of employment: 'a part-time \Ijob\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the result of a person's work: 'he did a good \Ijob\j\b\i in fixing the car'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a robbery or other criminal act.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba good job\j\b\i, 'the banks were closed so it's a \Igood job\j\b\i you lent me some cash' (= fortunate).
\Bjobs for the boys\j\b\i, positions granted to one's friends, political supporters, etc. \Bjob\j\b\i (\Bjobbed\j\b\i, \Bjobbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to do piecework.
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\Hjobber\h
\Pnoun\p a dealer in stocks and shares who transacts business only with stockbrokers and not with the public.
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\Hjobbery\h
\Pnoun\p the practice of making improper private gains from public or official business: 'political \Ijobbery\j\b\i'.
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\Hjob lot\h
a miscellaneous collection of goods sold together.
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\Hjockey\h
\Pnoun\p a person who rides racehorses, especially as a profession.
\Bjockey\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to ride a racehorse.
\CX12.\j\b\i to manoeuvre or trick: 'to \Ijockey\j\b\i for a promotion'.
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\Hjockstrap\h
\Pnoun\p a close-fitting support for the male genitals.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jod\j\b\i-perz plural \Pnoun\p a pair of trousers which are loose to the knees and then close-fitting to the ankle, worn when riding horses. after \IJodhpur\j\b\i, India
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\Hjoey\h
\Pnoun\p a young kangaroo or wallaby.
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\Hjog\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjogged\j\b\i, \Bjogging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to run at a slow, steady pace: 'the athlete \Ijogged\j\b\i around the field'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to shake with a push or nudge.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this should \Ijog\j\b\i your memory' (= stimulate). \Bjog\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bjogger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who jogs.
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\Hjoggle\h
\Pverb\p to shake slightly.
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\HJohn Bull\h
a person who is typically English. probably from \IThe History of John Bull\j\b\i, a satire by John Arbuthnot in 1712
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\HJohn Dory\h
short form is \BDory\j\b\i
an edible, marine fish found in Australian and European waters. French \IdorΘ\j\b\i gilded
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\Hjoin\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring, come or put together.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become a member of: 'he decided to \Ijoin\j\b\i the club'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we all \Ijoined\j\b\i in the celebration '(= took part).
b) '\Ijoin\j\b\i us after the meal '(= meet). \Bjoin\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where something joins.
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\Hjoiner\h
\Pnoun\p a cabinet-maker or one who specialises in jointing timber together, as in doors and window frames. \Bjoinery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the work done or produced by a joiner.
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\Hjoint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where two or more parts or objects join: 'the knee is a \Ijoint\j\b\i in the leg'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of meat, especially one for roasting.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a cigarette containing a drug such as hashish, usually mixed with tobacco. Also called a \Breefer\j\b\i. b) a (usually disreputable) club, bistro, etc.
\Bjoint\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
shared by or common to two or more: 'the politicians issued a \Ijoint\j\b\i statement'. \Bjoint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to unite with a joint or joints, b) to divide into separate pieces, especially by cutting at the joints; \Bjointly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjointure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1join\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a provision made by a husband for the support of his wife after his death.
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\Hjoist\h
\Pnoun\p a horizontal wooden or metal beam, used as a support for a floor or ceiling.
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\Hjojoba\h
\Isay\j\b\i ho-\CX1ho\j\b\i-ba \Pnoun\p an evergreen shrub with edible seeds containing a liquid wax used in cosmetics, plastics and as a lubricant.
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\Hjoke\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is said or done to cause laughter or amusement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is amusing or ridiculous.
\Bpractical joke\j\b\i, an amusing trick played on a person. \Bjoke\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bjokingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjoker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who plays jokes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i an extra playing card in a pack, used as the highest card or with its value chosen by the player.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any person.
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\Hjolly\h
\Padjective\p cheerful, amusing or pleasant: 'it was a \Ijolly\j\b\i party'.
\Bjolly\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bjollied\j\b\i, \Bjollying\j\b\i)
to flatter, especially in order to gain an advantage: 'he always \Ijollies\j\b\i his boss along'.
\Pnoun\p a small boat carried on the stern of a larger ship.
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\Hjolt\h
\Pverb\p to move or shake jerkily or roughly: 'the car \Ijolted\j\b\i over the bumpy track'. \Bjolt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bjolty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hjonquil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jon\j\b\i-kwil \Pnoun\p a plant with reed-like leaves and small sweet-scented yellow or white flowers in a cluster, similar to, but smaller than, a daffodil.
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\Hjoss house\h
a Chinese temple.
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\Hjoss stick\h
a stick of incense used in worship by the Chinese.
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\Hjostle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joss\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to push or knock against roughly: 'he \Ijostled\j\b\i his way through the crowd'.
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\Hjot\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjotted\j\b\i, \Bjotting\j\b\i)
to write down briefly or quickly. \Bjotting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a brief note; \Bjotter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a small paper pad for making notes; \Bjot\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a small amount.
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\Hjoule\h
\Isay\j\b\i jool \Pnoun\p the SI unit of work and energy. after \IJ. P. Joule\j\b\i, 1818-89, a British physicist
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\Hjournal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\in'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a daily record or diary, e.g. of financial transactions.
\CX12.\j\b\i any periodical or magazine.
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\Hjournalese\h
\Isay\j\b\i jerna-\CX1leez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the glib style of writing or expression said to be characteristic of newspapers, etc.
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\Hjournalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\ina-lizm \Pnoun\p the work of writing, editing or publishing newspapers, magazines, etc. \Bjournalist\j\b\i, \Bjourno\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bjournalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bjournalistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjourney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jer\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trip, especially by land.
\CX12.\j\b\i the distance travelled in a certain time: 'it's a day's \Ijourney\j\b\i'. \Bjourney\j\b\i (\Bjourneyed\j\b\i, \Bjourneying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjoust\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jow\j\b\ist \Pnoun\p also called a \Btilt\j\b\i
\IMedieval history:\j\b\i a competition between knights on horseback and armed with lances. \Bjoust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjovial\h
\Padjective\p merry and friendly or pleasant: 'he is a \Ijovial\j\b\i chap'. \Bjovially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjoviality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i jo-vee-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjowl\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i foul \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the jaw. b) the cheek.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) fat, sagging cheeks and chin.
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\Hjoy\h
\Pnoun\p a) a feeling or state of happiness or great pleasure. b) anything which causes such a feeling. \Bjoyful\j\b\i, \Bjoyous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, full of joy or pleasure; \Bjoyfully\j\b\i, \Bjoyously\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bjoyless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dismal; \Bjoy\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to feel joy.
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\Hjoy-ride\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a pleasure ride, e.g. in a motor car, especially without the owner's permission.
#
\Hjoystick\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the pilot's control stick in an aircraft. b) \IComputers:\j\b\i a control stick which moves the cursor.
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\Hjube\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bjujube\j\b\i
a small, flavoured lozenge: 'a fruit \Ijube\j\b\i'.
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\Hjubilant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\ibi-l'nt \Padjective\p expressing joy or exultation. \Bjubilation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i joobi-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Bjubilance\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bjubilantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjubilate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjubilee\h
\Isay\j\b\i jooba-\CX1lee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an anniversary or celebration. Hebrew \Iyobal\j\b\i ram's horn (blown in a jubilee year)
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\HJudaism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\ida-izm \Pnoun\p a religion deriving its authority and principles from the Old Testament, based on a belief in one supreme God. \BJudaic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1day\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hjudge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a public officer appointed to settle disputes and administer legal justice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person appointed to decide in a competition or dispute.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person qualified to give an opinion: 'he is a good \Ijudge\j\b\i of horses'.
\Bjudge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to hear and decide a case in a court of law.
\CX12.\j\b\i to decide or examine critically: 'to \Ijudge\j\b\i wines'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to form or hold an opinion: I '\Ijudge\j\b\i this house to be a good buy'.
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\Hjudgment\h
\Pnoun\p judgement \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to judge wisely.
\CX12.\j\b\i an opinion or estimation.
\CX13.\j\b\i the decision of a judge concerning the matter in dispute.
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\Hjudicature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\idika-cher \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the administration of justice. b) the system of courts and their judges.
#
\Hjudicial\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1dish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p relating to a judge or justice.
a) the branch of government dealing with justice. b) the system of courts and judges in a country. \Bjudicially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjudiciary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hjudicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1dish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p sensible or discreet. \Bjudiciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjudo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p a method of self-defence based on jujitsu, often used as a form of physical training. Japanese \Iju\j\b\i gentle + \Ido\j\b\i way of life
#
\Hjug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a container with a spout and a handle, for holding or serving liquids.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a prison.
\Bjug\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bjugged\j\b\i, \Bjugging\j\b\i)
to stew meat, especially hare or rabbit, in a jug or casserole.
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\Hjuggernaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jugga\j\b\i-nawt \Pnoun\p any large destructive force, especially one which attracts blind worship. after \IJagannath\j\b\i, lord of the world, an enormous idol of the Hindu deity Krishna
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\Hjuggle\h
\Pverb\p to toss and catch several objects in the air in a sequence, in order to keep them in continuous motion.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Ijuggle\j\b\i accounts' (= alter dishonestly).
b) 'she \Ijuggled\j\b\i the slippery dishes' (= tried to balance). \Bjuggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who juggles, especially an entertainer; \Bjuggle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a dishonest or deceptive trick.
#
\Hjugular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jug\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p relating to or situated in the throat or neck: 'the \Ijugular\j\b\i veins'. \Bjugular\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the main vein of the neck.
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\Hjuice\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i loose \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the liquid part of vegetables, fruit or meat.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fluid in the organs of the body: 'the gastric \Ijuices\j\b\i aid digestion'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) petrol, fuel or electric power. \Bjuicy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of juice, b) interesting; \Bjuicily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjuiciness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjujitsu\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1jit\j\b\isoo \Pnoun\p a Japanese method of self-defence without weapons, in which set techniques of balancing and leverage are used to overcome the opponent's strength, and from which karate, aikido and judo are derived.
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\Hjujube\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-joob \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the edible plum-like fruit of certain plants.
\CX12.\j\b\i a jube.
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\Hjukebox\h
\Pnoun\p a coin-operated record-player offering a selection of records. American black dialect \Ijuke\j\b\i bawdy or wicked
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\Hjulep\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-lep \Pnoun\p a sweet drink, especially one in which medicine is taken.
#
\HJuly\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1lie\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. after the Roman statesman \IJulius Caesar\j\b\i, who was born in this month
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\Hjumble\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of confusion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a confused mess. \Bjumble\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to confuse.
#
\Hjumble sale\h
a sale of cheap, assorted articles, often to aid charity.
#
\Hjumbo\h
\Padjective\p large or outsize: 'a \Ijumbo\j\b\i jet'. \Bjumbo\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the affectionate name for an elephant.
#
\Hjumbuck\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sheep.
#
\Hjump\h
\Pverb\p to move off the ground or some other surface by a sudden muscular effort of the legs.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Ijumped\j\b\i when the doorbell rang' (= gave a start).
b) 'she \Ijumped\j\b\i into a taxi' (= got quickly).
c) 'my rent \Ijumped\j\b\i $50 last month' (= increased).
d) 'to \Ijump\j\b\i from one subject to another' (= change rapidly).
e) 'she \Ijumped\j\b\i a line while reading aloud' (= missed).
f) 'he \Ijumped\j\b\i the traffic lights' (= anticipated).
g) 'the train \Ijumped\j\b\i the tracks' (= left).
h) 'another miner \Ijumped\j\b\i my claim' (= seized).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bjump bail\j\b\i, to abscond while on bail.
\Bjump on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to scold or reprimand.
\Bjump the gun\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to start prematurely.
\Bjump the queue\j\b\i, to get something out of turn.
\Bjump to conclusions\j\b\i, to reach opinions or conclusions hastily or haphazardly. \Bjump\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bjumpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, nervous; \Bjumpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bjumpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hjumped-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) conceited or upstart.
#
\Hjumper (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that jumps.
\CX12.\j\b\i a temporary connection made in an electric circuit, e.g. across the battery of a car. Short form of \Bjumper lead\j\b\i.
#
\Hjumper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpullover\j\b\i or \Bsweater\j\b\i
a garment, usually knitted, worn on the upper part of the body for warmth, etc.
#
\Hjumpsuit\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of clothing consisting of trousers and a top in one piece, usually with long sleeves.
#
\Hjumpy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jjump\j\b\i.
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\Hjunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1junk\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of joining. b) the state of being joined.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where several things, such as roads, join or meet.
#
\Hjunction box\h
a box in which several electric circuits are connected.
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\Hjuncture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1junk\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a point of time, especially a turning point or crisis.
\CX12.\j\b\i a joint.
#
\HJune\h
\Pnoun\p the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. after the Roman goddess \IJuno\j\b\i
#
\Hjungle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dense tropical rainforest.
\CX12.\j\b\i any wild or overgrown land.
\CX13.\j\b\i a situation in which one must struggle to survive: 'the young man was not prepared for the \Ijungle\j\b\i of the business world'.
#
\Hjunior\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i younger.
\CX12.\j\b\i lower in rank, etc.: 'a \Ijunior\j\b\i member of staff'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) sometimes used by the son when father and son have the same name: 'Sammy Davis \IJunior\j\b\i'.
\Bjunior\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who is younger than another.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person of lower rank.
#
\Hjunior school\h
a primary school, especially one forming part of a larger school.
#
\Hjuniper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-nipper \Pnoun\p an evergreen, Northern Hemisphere shrub producing purple berries which are used in cooking, medicine and making gin.
#
\Hjunk (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any old, discarded or worthless objects.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any narcotic drug. \Bjunk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to discard as worthless.
#
\Hjunk (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a Chinese flat-bottomed ship having a high stern and sails with battens.
#
\Hjunk bond\h
a share, usually issued to finance a takeover, which offers a chance of high profit but also involves high risk.
#
\Hjunket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet, thick food made by curdling milk with rennet.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a pleasure trip made by a public or other official at the employer's expense, ostensibly for business reasons. \Bjunketing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, making merry.
#
\Hjunkie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jun\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drug addict.
#
\Hjunta\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1jun\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a political group, usually of military officers, which has gained its power by force, as after a revolution.
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\HJupiter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-pitter \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the largest planet in the solar system and fifth from the sun. after the chief Roman god \IJupiter\j\b\i
#
\HJurassic\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1rass\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jmesozoic\j\b\i. \BJurassic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hjuridical\h
\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1ridd\j\b\iik'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the administration of justice.
#
\Hjurisdiction\h
\Isay\j\b\i jooris-\CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i power or authority: 'your boss has no \Ijurisdiction\j\b\i over your personal life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the range or area of control or authority: 'such matters are not in our \Ijurisdiction\j\b\i'.
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\Hjurisprudence\h
\Isay\j\b\i jooris-\CX1proo\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p the theory or philosophy of law. Latin \Ijuris\j\b\i of law + \Iprudentia\j\b\i knowledge
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\Hjurist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\irist \Pnoun\p a person who practises or is skilled in law. \Bjuristic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i joo-\CX1rist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective).
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\Hjury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people summoned to hear a legal case in court and give a verdict.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people chosen to judge a competition, etc. \Bjuror\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\ira), \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a jury.
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\Hjust\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fair, even-handed or impartial: 'a negotiator must be \Ijust\j\b\i to all parties concerned'.
\CX12.\j\b\i honest: 'a \Ijust\j\b\i friend'.
\CX13.\j\b\i morally proper or reasonable: 'I do not want vengeance, only what is \Ijust\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the villains got their \Ijust\j\b\i reward' (= deserved).
b) 'she has a \Ijust\j\b\i claim to the title' (= lawful).
c) 'it is hard to form a \Ijust\j\b\i picture of the situation' (= accurate, correct).
\Bjust\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i not long ago: 'they have \Ijust\j\b\i left'.
\CX12.\j\b\i by a small amount: 'we \Ijust\j\b\i won'.
\CX13.\j\b\i only: 'she is \Ijust\j\b\i a child'.
\CX14.\j\b\i exactly: 'that is \Ijust\j\b\i the point'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it was \Ijust\j\b\i beautiful' (= absolutely). \Bjustly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) honestly or fairly, b) accurately; \Bjustness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hjustice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1just\j\b\iiss \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being just or fair.
\CX12.\j\b\i the principle of fair treatment or conduct.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you can object with \Ijustice\j\b\i to such unfair treatment' (= good cause).
\CX13.\j\b\i the administration of the law.
\CX14.\j\b\i a judge or magistrate.
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\Hjustice of the peace\h
short form is \BJ.P.\j\b\i
a person given legal authority to perform marriages, witness official documents, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i to show or prove something to be just or right: 'can you \Ijustify\j\b\i your accusation?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you cannot \Ijustify\j\b\i such rudeness' (= defend).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i (of lines of type) to be or cause to be of the correct length and spacing. \Bjustification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i justifa-\CX1kay\j\b\ish'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bjustifiable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i justi-\CX1fie\j\b\i-a-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be justified or defended; \Bjustifiably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjustly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jjust\j\b\i.
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\Hjustness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jjust\j\b\i.
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\Hjut\h
\Pverb\p (\Bjutted\j\b\i, \Bjutting\j\b\i)
to stick out or protrude.
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\Hjute\h
\Pnoun\p a strong fibre made from an Asian plant, used to make rope, sacks, mats, etc. Sanskrit \Ijuta\j\b\i braid of hair
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\Hjuvenile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1joo\j\b\iva-nile \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or for young people: 'a \Ijuvenile\j\b\i court'.
\CX12.\j\b\i childish or immature: '\Ijuvenile\j\b\i behaviour'. \Bjuvenile\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a child or young person; \Bjuvenilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hjuxtapose\h
\Isay\j\b\i juksta-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to place next to or side by side. \Bjuxtaposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i juksta-pa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ijuxta\j\b\i nearby + \Ipositus\j\b\i placed
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\Hkadaicha\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1die\j\b\i-cha \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bkadaitcha\j\b\i, \Bkurdaitcha\j\b\i
\IAboriginal:\j\b\i a ritual to avenge a grievance between tribal members in which a person is empowered to cause malignant spirits to operate on the accused.
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\Hkaftan\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcaftan\j\b\i.
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\HKaiser\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i wiser \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i an emperor in Austria (1804-1918) or Germany (1871-1918). after \ICaesar\j\b\i Octavianus Augustus, first Roman Emperor
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\Hkale\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of cabbage the leaves of which do not form a head.
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\Hkaleidoscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1lie\j\b\i-da-skope \Pnoun\p a tube lined with mirrors, containing loose pieces of coloured glass which are reflected as changing symmetrical patterns when the tube is rotated. \Bkaleidoscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ka-lie-da-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to a kaleidoscope, b) very intricate or complex. Greek \Ikalos\j\b\i beautiful + \Ieidos\j\b\i image + \Iskopein\j\b\i to look at
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\Hkamikaze\h
\Isay\j\b\i kammi-\CX1kah\j\b\izi \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any member of a Japanese airforce corps in World War 2 who crashed their aircraft into enemy targets.
\CX12.\j\b\i a suicidal attack. Japanese, divine wind
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\Hkampong\h
\Pnoun\p a village or settlement. Malay
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\HKanaka\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1nakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a native Hawaiian.
\CX12.\j\b\i a South Sea Islander taken as a labourer to Australia in the 19th century. Hawaiian, man
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\Hkangaroo\h
\Pnoun\p any of a large group of Australian grazing marsupials growing up to about 2 m high, with powerful hind legs for leaping and a heavy tail. Aboriginal
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\Hkangaroo court\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a court or trial conducted without regard for legal procedure.
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\Hkangaroo-paw\h
\Pnoun\p an Australian plant with flowers covered by a soft down and bright red at the base. It is the floral emblem of Western Australia.
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\Hkaolin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\ia-lin \Pnoun\p See \Jchina clay\j\b\i.
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\Hkapok\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kay\j\b\i-pok \Pnoun\p the soft, silky fibre surrounding the seeds of a tropical tree, used for stuffing pillows and for insulation against sound.
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\Hkaraoke\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kar\j\b\iee-o-kee \Pnoun\p a form of entertainment in which people take turns to perform for an audience by miming to pre-recorded music.
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\Hkarate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1rah\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a method of self-defence developed in Japan, in which the hands, elbows, feet and knees are the only weapons used. Japanese, empty hand
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\Hkarma\h
\Pnoun\p \IBuddhism, Hinduism:\j\b\i the justice by which deeds done during one lifetime affect a person's status in a later incarnation. Sanskrit, action, fate
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\Hkarri\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of Western Australian eucalypt, used for timber. Aboriginal
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\Hkaryotype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1karr\j\b\iia-tipe \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the appearance of the chromosomes in a cell. Greek \Ikaryon\j\b\i kernel + \Btype\j\b\i
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\Hkasbah\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcasbah\j\b\i.
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\Hkatabolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i ka-\CX1tabb\j\b\ia-lizm \Pnoun\p See \Jcatabolism\j\b\i.
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\Hkauri\h
\Pnoun\p a massive, New Zealand, evergreen tree which grows to about 60 m and has thick, parallel-veined leaves. Maori
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\Hkava\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a Polynesian plant, the root of which is used to make an intoxicating drink.
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\Hkayak\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kie\j\b\i-ak \Pnoun\p a) an Eskimo hunting boat, usually for one person, made from animal skins stretched over a wooden framework. b) a small, lightweight canoe with a small opening for the occupant.
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\Hkebab\h
\Isay\j\b\i kib\CX1bab\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jshish kebab\j\b\i.
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\Hkeel\h
\Pnoun\p a) the lowest supporting structure of a boat, running lengthwise along the bottom. b) a fixed or movable wooden board or metal plate in a sailing-boat's bottom which reduces leeway.
\Bon an even keel\j\b\i, in a steady or balanced manner.
\Bkeel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to overturn or upset.
\Bkeel over\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to collapse suddenly.
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\Hkeelhaul\h
\Pverb\p \IHistory:\j\b\i to drag a man by ropes under a ship's keel as a form of punishment.
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\Hkeen (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sharp: a) 'a \Ikeen\j\b\i blade'; b) 'a \Ikeen\j\b\i wind'; c) '\Ikeen\j\b\i perception'.
\CX12.\j\b\i intense or enthusiastic: 'he is a \Ikeen\j\b\i football supporter'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ikeen\j\b\i sense of taste' (= strongly developed). \Bkeenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bkeenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkeen (2)\h
\Pverb\p to lament for the dead. \Bkeen\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkeep\h
\Pverb\p (\Bkept\j\b\i, \Bkeeping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to continue: 'I shall \Ikeep\j\b\i working'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have or continue to have in possession: a) 'don't \Ikeep\j\b\i these clothes any longer'; b) 'she was \Ikept\j\b\i in gaol overnight'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the student is \Ikept\j\b\i by his father' (= supported).
b) 'she \Ikeeps\j\b\i bad company' (= associates with).
c) 'we \Ikept\j\b\i her from rushing out' (= stopped).
d) 'will the milk \Ikeep\j\b\i if it's out of the fridge?' (= continue to be fresh).
e) 'he never \Ikeeps\j\b\i his promises' (= observes).
f) '\Ikeep\j\b\i off the grass' (= stay).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep back\j\b\i, to withhold.
\Bkeep in with\j\b\i, to make an effort to remain on friendly terms with.
\Bkeep time\j\b\i, to mark or record time or rhythm.
\Bkeep to\j\b\i, a) 'she did not \Ikeep to\j\b\i the rules' (= adhere to); b) 'he is forced to \Ikeep to\j\b\i his bed' (= remain in).
\Bkeep to oneself\j\b\i, to stay alone or aloof from others.
\Bkeep up\j\b\i, 'I cannot \Ikeep up\j\b\i with you' (= remain at the same pace); b) '\Ikeep up\j\b\i the good work' (= continue).
\Bkeep up with the Joneses\j\b\i, to strive to maintain a standard of living at least as high as one's neighbours', often for snobbish reasons.
\Bkeep\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person's means of support: 'unfortunately I have to work for my \Ikeep\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the strongest building or central tower of a castle.
\Bfor keeps\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) for ever; b) for keeping as one's own.
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\Hkeeper\h
\Pnoun\p any person who guards or defends: a) 'a \Ikeeper\j\b\i at the zoo'; b) 'the \Igoalkeeper\j\b\i broke his wrist'.
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\Hkeeping\h
\Pnoun\p the care of: 'the court ordered the girl into her mother's \Ikeeping\j\b\i'.
\Bin keeping with\j\b\i, in harmony or agreement with.
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\Hkeepsake\h
\Pnoun\p anything given or kept in memory of a particular person or event.
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\Hkeg\h
\Pnoun\p a small barrel.
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\Hkelp\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of very large, brown seaweeds.
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\Hkelpie\h
\Pnoun\p a breed of sheep-dog.
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\Hkelter\h
\Pnoun\p kilter (\Iinformal\j\b\i) good condition, alignment or order.
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\Hkelvin\h
\Pnoun\p the basic SI unit of temperature, equal to one degree Celsius. The kelvin is [***1/273.16] of the temperature at which pure water can exist simultaneously as solid, liquid and gas. after \ILord Kelvin\j\b\i, 1824-1907, a British physicist and mathematician
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\Hken\h
\Pnoun\p one's range of sight, knowledge, etc. \Bken\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Scottish, to know
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\Hkennel\h
\Pnoun\p a) a house for a dog. b) (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a place where dogs are kept or bred. \Bkennel\j\b\i (\Bkennelled\j\b\i, \Bkennelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to put or keep in or as if in a kennel.
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\Hkeno\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-no \Pnoun\p a game of chance based on the random selection of numbers by a machine.
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\Hkept\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bkeep\j\b\i.
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\Hkeratin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kerr\j\b\ia-tin \Pnoun\p a tough, fibrous protein forming the outer layer of hair, nails, horns, etc.
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\Hkerb\h
\Pnoun\p the raised stone or concrete edge between a footpath and a road.
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\Hkerchief\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\i-chif \Pnoun\p a scarf or piece of cloth, worn on the head or around the neck.
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\Hkernel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ker\j\b\i-n'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the softer, usually edible, part contained in the shell of a nut or the stone of a fruit.
\CX12.\j\b\i the entire contents of a seed or grain within its coating.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ikernel\j\b\i of the problem is lack of money' (= central or important part).
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\Hkerosene\h
\Isay\j\b\i kerra-\CX1seen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p kerosine a mixture of hydrocarbons produced during the distillation of petroleum, used for domestic heating and jet engines.
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\Hkestrel\h
\Pnoun\p a small falcon which hovers in the air over an animal it is about to catch.
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\Hketch\h
\Pnoun\p a two-masted yacht with the mizzen-sail not overlapping the stern. Compare \Jyawl\j\b\i.
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\Hketchup\h
\Pnoun\p a sauce, usually tomato sauce. \Bketchup\j\b\i is Chinese in origin. \IKoechiap\j\b\i meant fish brine in the Amoy dialect of south-eastern China, \Ikoe\j\b\i meaning seafood and \Ichiap\j\b\i sauce. Originally spelt \Icatchup\j\b\i, it came into English probably via Malay \Ikichap\j\b\i in the late 17th century, later becoming \Icatsup\j\b\i and then \Iketchup\j\b\i. The word \Icatsup\j\b\i is still used in parts of America.
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\Hketone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-tone \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a class of organic compounds having the general formula R.CO.R{\f14684 9\j\b\i, where R and R{\f14684 9\j\b\i are any aryl or alkyl radicals, such as acetone (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iCO.CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i).
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\Hkettle\h
\Pnoun\p a container with a spout and a lid, in which water is boiled.
\Bkettle of fish\j\b\i, 'that is a different \Ikettle of fish\j\b\i' (= situation, state of affairs).
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\Hkettledrum\h
\Pnoun\p a drum consisting of a basin-shaped brass or copper shell with a skin stretched across it.
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\Hkevlar\h
\Pnoun\p a brand of manufactured fibre of great strength. a trademark
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\Hkewpie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-pee \Pnoun\p a small, plump, plastic doll.
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\Hkey (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal device which is cut or shaped to fit into and turn the mechanism of a lock, wind a clock, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an explanation of symbols, abbreviations, etc., as is used on a map.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he discovered the \Ikey\j\b\i to the mystery' (= answer, explanation).
\CX13.\j\b\i a button or lever pressed to work something, such as a piano, typewriter, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a scale of notes related to each other and to one basic note (the tonic, keynote or doh).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he wrote in a humorous \Ikey\j\b\i' (= style).
\Bkey\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) important: 'he holds a \Ikey\j\b\i position in the government'. b) most important: 'money is the \Ikey\j\b\i problem'.
\Bkey\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bkeyed\j\b\i, \Bkeying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to regulate or adjust, as when tuning a musical instrument.
\CX12.\j\b\i to enter data by using the keys on a typewriter, computer, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the speech was \Ikeyed\j\b\i to the interests of the audience' (= aimed).
\Bkey up\j\b\i, to stimulate or increase the energy, excitement, etc. of a person. \Bkeyed-up\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, highly tense or intense.
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\Hkey (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kee \Pnoun\p See \Jcay\j\b\i.
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\Hkeyboard\h
\Pnoun\p a group or line of keys to be pressed, e.g. on a piano, typewriter, or computer. \Bkeyboard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hkeynote\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest or tonic note, on which a musical scale is based.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ikeynote\j\b\i of his speech was the soundness of the economy' (= main element or idea).
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\Hkeystone\h
\Pnoun\p the middle stone of an arch, which holds it together.
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\Hkeystroke\h
\Pverb\p \IComputers:\j\b\i to type on the keyboard.
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\Hkhaki\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kah\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dull yellowish-brown colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong, cotton or wool fabric of this colour, used for uniforms, etc. \Bkhaki\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hkhan\h
\Isay\j\b\i kahn \Pnoun\p a hereditary title for a nobleman, or a title of respect in Iran, etc.
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\Hkibbutz\h
\Isay\j\b\i kib\CX1b\Iu\j\b\its\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Bkibbutzim\j\b\i
a communal farming settlement in Israel. \Bkibbutznik\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person living and working on a kibbutz.
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\Hkick\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to strike with the foot: 'the footballer \Ikicked\j\b\i the ball'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to score by or as if by kicks: 'the footballer \Ikicked\j\b\i a goal'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to recoil, as a gun does after firing.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to protest or rebel: 'the students \Ikicked\j\b\i against authority'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkick about\j\b\i, \Bkick around\j\b\i, a) 'we \Ikicked\j\b\i the idea \Iabout\j\b\i' (= discussed and considered); b) to maltreat.
\Bkick out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to get rid of or dismiss.
\Bkick the habit\j\b\i, to give up a habit, e.g. smoking.
\Bkick upstairs\j\b\i, to promote an unsuccessful person to a position where he or she will do less harm.
\Bkick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of kicking.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a pleasant or stimulating sensation: a) 'he gets a \Ikick\j\b\i out of winning'; b) 'this home-made wine really has a \Ikick\j\b\i in it'.
\Bfor kicks\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he did it \Ifor kicks\j\b\i' (= for the thrill of it).
#
\Hkickback\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a repercussion. b) any money paid to a person in exchange for a favour, especially as a bribe.
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\Hkid (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the young of a goat.
\CX12.\j\b\i a leather made from the skin of a kid or goat.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a child or young person.
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\Hkid (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bkidded\j\b\i, \Bkidding\j\b\i)
to tease.
#
\Hkid gloves\h
gloves made of kid.
\Bhandle with kid gloves\j\b\i, to treat very gently or tactfully.
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\Hkidnap\h
\Pverb\p (\Bkidnapped\j\b\i, \Bkidnapping\j\b\i )
to take away a person illegally by force, usually with a demand for money in exchange for his or her release. Compare \Jabduct\j\b\i. \Bkidnapper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkidney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kid\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two organs in the abdomen which removes wastes from the blood and excretes urine.
\CX12.\j\b\i temperament: 'he'll come to a sticky end, like others of his \Ikidney\j\b\i'.
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\Hkieselguhr\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1keez\j\b\iel-goor \Pnoun\p See \Jdiatomaceous earth\j\b\i.
#
\Hkikuyu grass\h
\Isay\j\b\i kee-\CX1koo\j\b\i-you grars \Pnoun\p an African perennial grass, used as a coarse lawn grass. from \Ikikuyu\j\b\i, a Kenyan people
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\Hkilderkin\h
\Pnoun\p a) a cask. b) a liquid measure of about 82 litre.
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\Hkill\h
\Pverb\p a) to deprive of life. b) to deprive of life deliberately.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we had an hour to \Ikill\j\b\i before the plane left' (= fill in, pass).
b) 'his jokes really \Ikill\j\b\i me' (= affect irresistibly).
c) 'my new shoes are \Ikilling\j\b\i me' (= causing great discomfort or pain to).
d) 'the editor \Ikilled\j\b\i the reporter's aggressive story' (= stopped, put an end to).
\Bkill two birds with one stone\j\b\i, in reaching one objective, to gain another satisfactorily. \Bkiller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bkill\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of killing, b) something which is killed.
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\Hkiller whale\h
a carnivorous whale, often travelling in groups and attacking other whales, fish, etc.
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\Hkilling\h
\Pnoun\p the act of deliberately depriving a person, etc. of life.
\Bmake a killing\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to get or win a very large amount of money.
#
\Hkilljoy\h
\Pnoun\p a person who spoils the enjoyment of others.
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\Hkiln\h
\Pnoun\p an oven for drying or baking bricks, lime and pottery.
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\Hkilo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-lo \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a kilogram.
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\Hkilo-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-lo a prefix used for SI units meaning one thousand (10{\up6 3\j\b\i). Greek \Ikhilioi\j\b\i a thousand
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\Hkilobyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\ila-bite \Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a measurement of 1024 bytes. Often this term is used approximately to indicate one thousand bytes.
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\Hkilocalorie\h
\Isay\j\b\i killo-\CX1kall\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p See \Jcalorie\j\b\i
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\Hkilogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kil\j\b\ila-gram \Pnoun\p the basic SI unit of mass.
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\Hkilohertz\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\ila-hurts \Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a measurement of one thousand hertz.
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\Hkilojoule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\ila-jool \Pnoun\p a measurement of one thousand joules of energy or the amount of food need to produce it.
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\Hkilometre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kill\j\b\ia-meeta \Ior\j\b\i kill-\CX1om\j\b\i-itta \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bkilometer\j\b\i.
a unit of length in the SI system equal to 1000 m.
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\Hkilotonne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kil\j\b\ila-tun \Pnoun\p a unit for measuring the explosive force of nuclear weapons, by comparing it to the mass of trinitrotoluene (TNT) which would produce the same explosion. \IExample:\j\b\i a 20 kilotonne atomic bomb would have the same explosive force as 20 000 tonnes of TNT. Compare \Jmegatonne\j\b\i.
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\Hkilt\h
\Pnoun\p a short skirt, usually of tartan wool, pleated with broad, vertical folds, worn by Scottish Highlanders. \Bkilt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pleat.
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\Hkilter\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jkelter\j\b\i.
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\Hkimono\h
\Isay\j\b\i ki\CX1mo\j\b\i-no \Pnoun\p a short or long, loose gown or dressing-gown, with wide sleeves and fastened with a sash, as worn in Japan.
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\Hkin\h
plural \Pnoun\p a person's relatives.
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\Hkinaesthesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i kie-nis-\CX1theez\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p the perception of movement or strain in muscles, tendons or joints.
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\Hkind (1)\h
\Padjective\p considerate, friendly or generous. \Bkindly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, kind; \Bkindly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a kind way, b) please; \Bkindness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being kind, b) a kind act, etc.
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\Hkind (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a class or category of similar or related things: 'what \Ikind\j\b\i of jam is this?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they differ in amount but not in \Ikind\j\b\i' (= character, nature).
\Bin kind\j\b\i, a) 'we took revenge \Iin kind\j\b\i' (= in the same way); b) 'I will pay you \Iin kind\j\b\i' (= in goods or services rather than money).
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\Hkindergarten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kin\j\b\ida-garten \Pnoun\p also called a \Bnursery school\j\b\i
a school for children under the age of five. German \IKinder\j\b\i children + \IGarten\j\b\i garden
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\Hkind-hearted\h
\Padjective\p kind.
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\Hkindle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kin\j\b\i-d'l \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to start and stimulate a flame in such a manner as to develop larger flames.
\CX12.\j\b\i to excite or rouse: 'the idea \Ikindled\j\b\i her enthusiasm'.
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\Hkindling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kin\j\b\i-dling \Pnoun\p any material, usually small pieces of wood, used to start a fire.
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\Hkindly\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p See \Jkind (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hkindred\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kin\j\b\i-drid plural \Pnoun\p a person's living relatives.
\Bkindred\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having similar qualities, views, etc.: 'the two boys have \Ikindred\j\b\i natures'.
\CX12.\j\b\i related by birth or descent: '\Ikindred\j\b\i languages'.
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\Hkinetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kin-\CX1ett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to motion.
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\Hkinetic energy\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the energy a body possesses because it is moving. Compare \Jmomentum\j\b\i.
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\Hking\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male ruler of a country, usually inheriting his position.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing having great power or control: 'the lion is considered the \Iking\j\b\i of beasts'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a playing card with a picture of a king, usually having a value just below an ace.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i the most important piece, which may move only one square at a time in any direction except when castling. \Bkingly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hking cobra\h
See \Jhamadryad\j\b\i.
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\Hkingdom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1king\j\b\i-dum \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a territory ruled by a king or queen.
\CX12.\j\b\i the province or sphere of a particular thing or activity: a) 'the plant and animal \Ikingdoms\j\b\i'; b) 'the mind is the \Ikingdom\j\b\i of thought'.
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\Hkingfisher\h
\Pnoun\p a brightly coloured, often crested bird with a strong beak which catches fish or insects.
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\Hkingpin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the pin placed at the head of the others in skittles, tenpin bowling, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the most important person in a group, organisation, etc.
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\HKing's Bench\h
(when the reigning monarch is a man)
the Queen's Bench.
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\HKing's Counsel\h
(when the reigning monarch is a man)
a Queen's Counsel.
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\HKing's English\h
(when the reigning monarch is a man)
the Queen's English.
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\HKing's evidence\h
(when the reigning monarch is a man)
Queen's evidence.
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\Hking-size\h
\Padjective\p king-sized (\Iinformal\j\b\i) larger than the usual size: 'a \Iking-size\j\b\i double bed'.
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\Hkink\h
\Pnoun\p a short twist or curl.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he has a \Ikink\j\b\i about flashy cars' (= quirk). \Bkink\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form twists or curls in.
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\Hkinky\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having kinks or twists.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) eccentric or having bizarre tastes, especially in sexual behaviour. \Bkinkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkinship\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i relationship by blood.
\CX12.\j\b\i any relationship or resemblance. \Bkinsman\j\b\i, \Bkinswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a male or female blood relative.
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\Hkiosk\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-osk \Pnoun\p a booth selling cigarettes, newspapers, snacks, etc. Turkish \Ikiushk\j\b\i a pavilion
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\Hkip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bkipped\j\b\i, \Bkipping\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to sleep. \Bkip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkipper\h
\Pnoun\p a cleaned, salted and smoked herring.
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\Hkirk\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i work \Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a church.
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\Hkismet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kiz\j\b\i-met \Pnoun\p a person's fate or destiny.
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\Hkiss\h
\Pverb\p to touch or caress with the lips.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the breeze \Ikissed\j\b\i the trees' (= touched lightly). \Bkiss\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hkiss-curl\h
\Pnoun\p a small curl of hair, especially on the forehead.
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\Hkisser\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who kisses.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the face.
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\Hkiss of life\h
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
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\Hkit\h
\Pnoun\p a collection of tools, supplies, etc. for a particular purpose: 'a first-aid \Ikit\j\b\i'.
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\Hkitbag\h
\Pnoun\p a long leather or canvas bag in which kit or other belongings are carried.
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\Hkitchen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kit\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p a room equipped for preparing and cooking food.
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\Hkitchenette\h
\Isay\j\b\i kit-ch'n-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small kitchen or part of a room used as a kitchen.
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\Hkite\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light frame covered with fabric or paper, which is flown in the wind at the end of a string.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large hawk with long, pointed wings, which kills animals and also eats carrion.
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\Hkith and kin\h
a person's friends and relatives.
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\Hkitsch\h
\Isay\j\b\i kitch \Pnoun\p any art, literature, etc. which is considered to be pretentious or in bad taste. \Bkitsch\j\b\i, \Bkitschy\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. German
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\Hkitten\h
\Pnoun\p the young of a domestic cat and of other animals. \Bkittenish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, playful.
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\Hkitty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fund or collection of money, especially one shared or contributed to by several people.
\CX12.\j\b\i the jack in a game of bowls.
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\Hkiwi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-wee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of flightless New Zealand birds. It is the national emblem of New Zealand.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person from New Zealand. Maori
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\Hkiwi fruit\h
also called a \Bchinese gooseberry\j\b\i
a small, hairy fruit with tender, green flesh.
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\Hkiwi star\h
See \Jbabaco\j\b\i.
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\Hklaxon\h
\Pnoun\p a loud funnel-shaped electric horn or hooter, formerly used on motor cars.
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\Hkleptomania\h
\Isay\j\b\i klepta-\CX1may\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p an uncontrollable desire to steal. \Bkleptomaniac\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ikleptes\j\b\i thief + \B-mania\j\b\i
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\Hklutz\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1klu\j\b\itts \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an oaf.
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\Hknack\h
\Isay\j\b\i nak \Pnoun\p the ability to do something well and easily.
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\Hknacker\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a person who buys useless things, such as worn-out horses for slaughter.
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\Hknapsack\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nap\j\b\i-sak \Pnoun\p a light canvas or leather case, carried on the back for holding provisions, etc. when travelling.
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\Hknave\h
\Isay\j\b\i nave \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dishonest or mischievous person.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i See \Jjack\j\b\i. \Bknavery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bknavish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bknavishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hknead\h
\Isay\j\b\i need \Pverb\p to press and mould with the hands, especially dough.
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\Hknee\h
\Isay\j\b\i nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the joint between the thigh and the lower part of the leg.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering a knee. b) something which has the shape of a knee.
\Bknee\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bkneed\j\b\i, \Bkneeing\j\b\i)
to strike or touch with the knee.
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\Hkneecap\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a movable, curved piece of bone at the front of the knee.
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\Hkneel\h
\Isay\j\b\i neel \Pverb\p (\Bknelt\j\b\i or \Bkneeled\j\b\i, \Bkneeling\j\b\i)
to rest on or fall to the knees.
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\Hknell\h
\Isay\j\b\i nel \Pnoun\p the sound of a bell announcing a death or funeral. \Bknell\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hknew\h
\Isay\j\b\i new \Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bknow\j\b\i.
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\Hknickerbockers\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nikk\j\b\ia-bokkers plural \Pnoun\p a pair of short trousers drawn or gathered in at the knee.
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\Hknickers\h
plural \Pnoun\p underpants, especially those worn by girls or women.
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\Hknick-knack\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nik\j\b\i-nak \Pnoun\p any small decorative article.
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\Hknife\h
\Isay\j\b\i nife \Pnoun\p plural is \Bknives\j\b\i
a tool with a sharp blade set in a handle, used for cutting. \Bknife\j\b\i (\Bknifed\j\b\i, \Bknifing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut or stab with a knife.
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\Hknight\h
\Isay\j\b\i nite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a nobleman given military rank and honour by the monarch, usually after service as a page and then as a squire.
\CX12.\j\b\i a man honoured by a monarch for merit or service to the country. Compare \Jdame\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a piece, usually in the shape of a horse's head, which may make a horizontal or vertical move of one square followed by a diagonal move of one square, and is the only piece that can pass over another. \Bknight\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to dub or create a knight; \Bknightly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bknighthood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the rank of a knight.
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\Hknight-errant\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bknights-errant\j\b\i
\IMedieval history:\j\b\i a knight who travelled in search of fame and adventure.
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\Hknit\h
\Isay\j\b\i nit \Pverb\p (\Bknitted\j\b\i or \Bknit\j\b\i, \Bknitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to interlock loops of yarn, especially wool, using needles or a machine, to make garments, fabric for clothing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to join or unite: 'the broken bones will soon \Iknit\j\b\i together'.
\Bknit the brow\j\b\i, to frown. \Bknitting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a piece of knitted work.
#
\Hknob\h
\Isay\j\b\i nob \Pnoun\p any rounded projection, such as a handle for a door, etc. \Bknobbly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hknock\h
\Isay\j\b\i nok \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to strike a blow with the fist or knuckles: '\Iknock\j\b\i on the door before entering'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to use a forceful blow or blows to do something: a) 'we \Iknocked\j\b\i a hole in the wall'; b) 'they \Iknocked\j\b\i over the priceless vase'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to find fault with.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of a car engine, etc.) to make a striking noise as a result of faulty combustion.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bknock about\j\b\i, a) to wander or lead an aimless existence; b) to associate; c) to treat roughly.
\Bknock back\j\b\i, a) 'he felt ill after \Iknocking back\j\b\i six ice-creams' (= consuming); b) 'why did you \Iknock back\j\b\i such an offer?' (= reject).
\Bknock down\j\b\i, a) to sell at auction; b) to reduce the price of.
\Bknock it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise.
\Bknock off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to stop an activity, especially work; b) to steal; c) to kill; d) to compose an article, etc. hurriedly; e) to deduct money, etc.
\Bknock out\j\b\i, a) to hit or strike someone so that he or she loses consciousness.
\Bknock up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to construct roughly or hastily; b) to score; c) to exhaust or make ill; d) to make pregnant; e) to awaken. \Bknock\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of knocking.
#
\Hknockabout\h
\Padjective\p (of a garment etc.) suitable for rough use.
#
\Hknocker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that knocks, such as a hinged bar, etc. attached to a door.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a critical person.
#
\Hknock-kneed\h
\Padjective\p having legs that bend inwards, causing the knees to hit each other in walking.
#
\Hknockout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of knocking a person unconscious.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that is greatly attractive or successful.
\CX13.\j\b\i a competition in which some competitors are eliminated at each round until only the winner is left.
#
\Hknoll (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i nol \Pnoun\p a small, round hill.
#
\Hknoll (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i nol \Pnoun\p an old word meaning the stroke or sound of a bell. \Bknoll\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hknot\h
\Isay\j\b\i not \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a fastening made by passing the free end of a piece of string, rope etc. through a loop in it and pulling tight. b) a tying together of two pieces of string, rope, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group or cluster: 'a small \Iknot\j\b\i of people stood at the gate'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a hard lump, e.g. of wood where a branch joins or once joined the trunk of a tree.
\CX14.\j\b\i a speed of one international nautical mile per hour, used in air and sea navigation, equal to 0.514 m per second.
\Bget in a knot\j\b\i, \Btie oneself in knots\j\b\i, to become confused. \Bknot\j\b\i (\Bknotted\j\b\i, \Bknotting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bknotty\j\b\i, \Bknotted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hknout\h
\Isay\j\b\i nout \Pnoun\p a knotted whip. \Bknout\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to flog with a knout.
#
\Hknow\h
\Isay\j\b\i no \Pverb\p (\Bknew\j\b\i, \Bknown\j\b\i, \Bknowing\j\b\i)
to understand: 'I \Iknow\j\b\i what you mean'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Iknow\j\b\i her well' (= am acquainted with).
b) 'I would \Iknow\j\b\i you anywhere' (= recognise).
\Bknow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bin the know\j\b\i, having secret or inside information. \Bknowingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) shrewdly, b) intentionally.
#
\Hknow-all\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who claims or appears to know everything.
#
\Hknow-how\h
\Pnoun\p the ability or skill to do something.
#
\Hknowledge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noll\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an acquaintance with or understanding of facts, actions, ideas, etc.: a) 'her excellent \Iknowledge\j\b\i of music'; b) 'the workers had no \Iknowledge\j\b\i of luxury'.
\CX12.\j\b\i that which is known: 'this mystery is beyond human \Iknowledge\j\b\i'. \Bknowledgeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, possessing knowledge.
#
\Hknown\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i bone \Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bknow\j\b\i.
#
\Hknuckle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nukk\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the joint of a finger, especially the joint where the base of a finger meets the hand.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of meat containing the knee of an animal.
\CX13.\j\b\i the joint of a hinge.
\Bknuckle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bknuckle down\j\b\i, 'I must \Iknuckle down\j\b\i and finish that history essay' (= work hard).
\Bknuckle under\j\b\i, to yield or submit.
#
\Hknucklebones\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IGames:\j\b\i See \Jjack\j\b\i.
#
\Hknuckle-duster\h
\Pnoun\p a series of metal rings joined to fit over knuckles of the fist, used as a weapon.
#
\Hknurl\h
\Isay\j\b\i nerl \Pnoun\p a small ridge, such as that on the edge of a coin. \Bknurled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hkoala\h
\Isay\j\b\i ko-\CX1ah\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a tail-less Australian marsupial with grey fur, a flat black nose and strong claws, living in and feeding on eucalypts. Aboriginal
#
\Hkohlrabi\h
\Isay\j\b\i kole-\CX1rah\j\b\i-bee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bkohlrabies\j\b\i
a vegetable related to the cabbage but with a bulb-like, edible stem similar to a turnip.
#
\Hkookaburra\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blaughing jackass\j\b\i
a brown and white Australian bird with blue markings on its wings, and an unusual, laughing cry. Aboriginal
#
\HKoori\h
\Pnoun\p Koorie an Aboriginal, especially of south-eastern Australia. \BKoori\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Aboriginal
#
\HKoran\h
\Isay\j\b\i kor-\CX1rahn\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the sacred scriptures of Islam, believed by Moslems to be the words of Allah. Arabic \Iqur'an\j\b\i reading, recitation
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\Hkosher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ko\j\b\i-sha \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of food, etc.) prepared according to Jewish rules and rituals.
\Pverb\p to touch the ground with the forehead while kneeling.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is always \Ikowtowing\j\b\i to the boss' (= showing servile respect). \Bkowtow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bkowtow\j\b\i has come into English from Chinese where \Ik'o t'ou\j\b\i meant to strike the forehead on the ground - a sign of respect to the emperor or someone important - \Ik'o\j\b\i meaning to strike and \It'ou\j\b\i meaning head.
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\Hkraal\h
\Pnoun\p \ISouth African:\j\b\i a) an enclosed area for cattle; a corral. b) a village of huts surrounded by a stockade.
#
\Hkris\h
\Isay\j\b\i kreece \Pnoun\p a short sword with a wavy, two-edged blade, used by the Malays.
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\Hkrypton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1krip\j\b\i-ton \Pnoun\p element number 36, a colourless, inert gas found in the earth's atmosphere, used in electric light globes.
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\Hkudos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kew\j\b\i-doss \Pnoun\p personal fame or glory. Greek
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\Hkudu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1koo\j\b\i-doo \Pnoun\p a large, African antelope, reddish in colour with several thin, white, vertical stripes.
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\Hkumquat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kum\j\b\i-kwot \Pnoun\p a cumquat.
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\Hkung fu\h
\Pnoun\p the Chinese form of karate.
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\Hkurrajong\h
\Pnoun\p a flowering tree which has shiny leaves and thick leathery pods. Aboriginal
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\Hlab\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a laboratory.
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\Hlabel\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i table \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of paper or other material attached to an object or person for identification.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a word or phrase used to describe a person or group: 'a suitable \Ilabel\j\b\i for mountaineers would be adventurous'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'on what \Ilabel\j\b\i is that record you are playing?'(= brand, trademark). \Blabel\j\b\i (\Blabelled\j\b\i, \Blabelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to mark with a label.
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\Hlabile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-bile \Padjective\p changeable or unstable.
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\Hlabium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-bee-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Blabia\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a lip or lip-like part. \Blabial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, lip
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\Hlaboratory\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1borr\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a room or building fitted with apparatus for scientific experiments.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place where experiments are carried out: 'he tested the ideas in the \Ilaboratory\j\b\i of his mind'. Latin \Ilaboratorium\j\b\i workshop
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\Hlaborious\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1baw\j\b\irius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i requiring effort or hard work: 'the \Ilaborious\j\b\i task took her three weeks'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the book is written in a \Ilaborious\j\b\i style' (= ponderous, showing too much evidence of effort).
\CX12.\j\b\i hard-working or conscientious: 'the \Ilaborious\j\b\i gardener worked for hours'. \Blaboriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blaboriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlabour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p labor \CX11.\j\b\i any work or task involving effort.
\CX12.\j\b\i the work force: 'a meeting was held between \Ilabour\j\b\i and employers'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the effort involved in childbirth. b) the time involved in giving birth: 'she was in \Ilabour\j\b\i for four hours'.
\Blabour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to toil or strive. b) to perform tasks.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an engine) to overwork.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you are \Ilabouring\j\b\i under a false impression' (= burdened or hampered by).
b) 'she tends to \Ilabour\j\b\i her points when arguing' (= treats at great length). \Blabourer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a worker whose job requires strength rather than skill, b) anyone who labours; \Blabouringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilabor\j\b\i toil, distress
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\Hlabour intensive\h
(of an industry) requiring large amounts of labour in comparison to money. Compare \Jcapital intensive\j\b\i.
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\Hlabour union\h
See \Jtrade union\j\b\i.
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\HLabrador\h
\Pnoun\p one of a breed of large, smooth-haired black or golden retrievers. from \ILabrador\j\b\i, an area of Canada
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\Hlaburnum\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1bern\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p a small deciduous tree with drooping, yellow pea-shaped flowers and poisonous seeds.
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\Hlabyrinth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1labb\j\b\ia-rinth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a maze.
\CX12.\j\b\i any confusing entanglement of things or events: 'it was impossible to follow the argument through the \Ilabyrinth\j\b\i of examples'. \Blabyrinthine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fine, net-like fabric of interwoven threads.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cord for fastening or tightening shoes, clothing, etc.
\Blace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to tie together with lace: '\Ilace\j\b\i up your shoes'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I prefer my coffee \Ilaced\j\b\i with rum' (= mixed).
b) 'the woman \Ilaced\j\b\i into the shopkeeper for cheating her' (= attacked). \Blacy\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-see) \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blacing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlacerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lass\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to tear roughly, especially flesh or tissue: 'he was badly \Ilacerated\j\b\i in the car accident'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ilacerated\j\b\i my feelings with his statements' (= hurt). \Blaceration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of lacerating, b) the result of lacerating.
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\Hlachrymal gland\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lak\j\b\i-rim'l gland in America spelt \Blacrimal gland\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small gland near the eye, which produces tears. Latin \Ilacrima\j\b\i tear
\Pnoun\p an absence or shortage of something: 'the drought caused a widespread \Ilack\j\b\i of food'.
\Black\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be without or in need of: 'he \Ilacks\j\b\i the necessary skill for the job'. Middle English \Ilak\j\b\i deficiency
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\Hlackadaisical\h
\Isay\j\b\i lakka-\CX1day\j\b\izi-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i careless or slapdash.
\CX12.\j\b\i listless or lacking in energy. \Blackadaisically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blackadaisicalness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from \Ilackaday\j\b\i an old word meaning alas the day
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\Hlackey\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Blacquey\j\b\i
(\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) any servant, or a person who is treated as one: 'the Queen was surrounded by her \Ilackeys\j\b\i'. \Blackey\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to act as a servant or in a servile manner. from Spanish or Arabic
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\Hlacklustre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lak\j\b\i-lusta \Padjective\p dull or lacking in brightness: 'we slept through the actor's \Ilacklustre\j\b\i performance'.
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\Hlaconic\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1konn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p brief or concise in speech or style: 'the \Ilaconic\j\b\i speech gave all the details'. \Blaconically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlacquer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a protective, usually transparent, coating made from a resin or artificial substance and capable of taking a high polish. \Blacquer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to coat with lacquer.
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\Hlacrosse\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1kross\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a field game for two teams of 12, the object being to force the ball into the goal, using long-handled rackets.
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\Hlactate\h
\Pverb\p \IBiology:\j\b\i to secrete milk in the mammary glands. \Blactation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the secreting of milk, b) the period during which milk is secreted, as when a woman is breastfeeding a baby. Latin \Ilactis\j\b\i of milk
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\Hlacteal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lak\j\b\iti-ul \Padjective\p of or like milk.
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\Hlactose\h
\Pnoun\p the sugar present in milk, used as a food and in medicine.
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\Hlacuna\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1kew\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p plural is \Blacunas\j\b\i or \Blacunae\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a cavity or space, such as the small space between cells of plants and animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i a missing portion, e.g. in a manuscript. Latin, gap
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\Hlacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-see \Padjective\p See \Jlace\j\b\i.
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\Hlad\h
\Pnoun\p a boy.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'in my youth, I was a bit of a \Ilad\j\b\i' (= high-spirited or dashing young man).
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\Hladder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device with steps set into a frame, for climbing up and down.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is high on the \Iladder\j\b\i for promotion' (= hierarchy).
\CX12.\j\b\i a line of stitches which have come undone, as in a pair of tights or stockings. \Bladder\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause a ladder in stockings, etc.
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\Hladen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-d'n \Padjective\p loaded: 'the trees were \Iladen\j\b\i with fruit'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Iladen\j\b\i with cares and sorrows' (= burdened, troubled). \Blade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to load.
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\Hla-di-da\h
\Padjective\p lah-di-dah (\Iinformal\j\b\i) pretentious in speech or actions.
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\Hlading\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-ding \Pnoun\p freight or cargo: 'a ship's \Ilading\j\b\i'.
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\Hladle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p a large, deep spoon with a long handle, normally used for serving liquids such as soup. \Bladle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use a ladle.
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\Hlady\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a well-bred, educated woman with socially correct manners. b) a polite form of address for any woman.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address used for a countess, baroness, etc. Old English \Ihlaefdige\j\b\i loaf-kneader
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\Hladybird\h
\Pnoun\p in America called a \Bladybug\j\b\i
a type of beetle, often red or orange with black spots, the larvae and adults of which feed on plant lice and other insect pests.
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\Hlady-in-waiting\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bladies-in-waiting\j\b\i
a female who attends a queen or princess.
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\Hlady-killer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a man who is supposed to be very attractive to women.
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\Hladylike\h
\Padjective\p like or befitting a lady.
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\Hladyship\h
\Pnoun\p a form of address for a titled woman: 'her \Iladyship\j\b\i is not at home'.
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\Hlag (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blagged\j\b\i, \Blagging\j\b\i)
to linger or loiter and so fall behind.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after all this time my interest in work is \Ilagging\j\b\i' (= decreasing).
\Blag\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a lagging behind in time or space in relation to something else: 'there was quite a \Itime-lag\j\b\i before he realised that I was joking'.
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\Hlag (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a convict.
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\Hlager\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lah\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p a beer containing a small amount of hops, made and stored at low temperatures.
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\Hlagerphone\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a percussion instrument consisting of beer bottle tops nailed to a broom handle which is shaken or hit with a small stick.
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\Hlaggard\h
\Pnoun\p a person who lags or falls behind: 'hurry up you old \Ilaggard\j\b\i'.
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\Hlagging\h
\Pnoun\p any material used to insulate pipes, etc.
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\Hlagoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1goon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of salt water partly or completely separated from the sea by a sandbank, atoll or coral reef.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large freshwater or brackish pond.
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\Hlah\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jdoh\j\b\i.
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\Hlah-di-dah\h
\Padjective\p See \Jla-di-da\j\b\i.
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\Hlaid\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blay (1)\j\b\i
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\Hlaid-back\h
\Padjective\p being extremely relaxed or calm; unworried: 'Bronwyn was very \Ilaid-back\j\b\i about missing her train.'
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\Hlain\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blie (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlair\h
\Pnoun\p the den or resting place of an animal, especially a wild animal.
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\Hlaird\h
\Pnoun\p a landowner in Scotland. Scottish, lord
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\Hlairy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) vulgarly bright in colour.
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\Hlaissez faire\h
\Isay\j\b\i lay-say \CX1fair\j\b\i laisser faire the policy of not interfering with others, especially in economic matters. \Blaissez-faire\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \Ilaissez\j\b\i leave + \Ifaire\j\b\i to do
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\Hlaity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-it-ee \Pnoun\p any people outside a particular profession, especially those outside the clergy.
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\Hlake (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extensive area of water surrounded by land.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large area of liquid or similar substance.
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\Hlake (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an insoluble coloured substance obtained by combining a dye and a mordant.
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\Hlama\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lah\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p \IBuddhism:\j\b\i a priest or monk. Tibetan
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\Hlamb\h
\Isay\j\b\i lam \Pnoun\p a) a young sheep. b) the flesh of a lamb used as food.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was led like a \Ilamb\j\b\i to the slaughter' (= meek, gentle person). \Blamb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give birth to lambs.
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\Hlambaste\h
\Isay\j\b\i lam-\CX1bay\j\b\ist \Pverb\p lambast (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to thrash or scold severely: 'during the argument she \Ilambasted\j\b\i him with her fists'.
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\Hlambent\h
\Padjective\p a) running lightly over a surface: 'the \Ilambent\j\b\i flames licked the side of the house'. b) gently or lightly brilliant: 'his speech showed a \Ilambent\j\b\i wit'. \Blambently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blambency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlamb's fry\h
the liver of a lamb, eaten as food.
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\Hlame\h
\Padjective\p crippled in a leg, so as to cause limping.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'all I could offer was a \Ilame\j\b\i excuse' (= imperfect, weak).
\Blame duck\j\b\i, 'how could we appoint such a \Ilame duck\j\b\i to be principal?' (= ineffective person). \Blame\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make lame; \Blameness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blamely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HlamΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lah\j\b\i-may \Pnoun\p a fabric with silver or gold threads woven into it.
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\Hlamella\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1mell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p plural is \Blamellae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1mell\j\b\i-ee) or \Blamellas\j\b\i
a thin membrane, e.g. in a bone or cell wall. \Blamellar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlament\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1ment\j\b\i \Pverb\p to feel or express sorrow or regret for: 'I deeply \Ilament\j\b\i the absence of my true love'.
\Blament\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
also called a \Blamentation\j\b\i
a) an expression of grief or regret. b) a formal expression of mourning in verse or song. \Blamentable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lamm\j\b\ien-ta-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, being regrettable; \Blamentably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilamentari\j\b\i to weep or wail
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\Hlamina\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lamm\j\b\iin-a \Pnoun\p plural is \Blaminae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lamm\j\b\iin-ee) or \Blaminas\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a thin plate, scale or layer.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the blade of a leaf.
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\Hlaminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lamm\j\b\iin-ate \Pverb\p a) to cover or overlay with thin layers.
b) to split into layers.
\Blaminated plastics\j\b\i, sheets made of layers of plastic and fibrous materials bonded together under pressure, e.g. Formica. \Blamination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HLaminex\h
\Pnoun\p a form of laminated plastic used to make a hard, glossy surface for tables, etc. a trademark
#
\Hlamington\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a square of sponge cake coated with chocolate and coconut.
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\Hlamp\h
\Pnoun\p any of various lights using oil, gas or electricity.
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\Hlampblack\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcarbon black\j\b\i.
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\Hlampoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i lam\CX1poon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a satire based on a vicious or critical attack on a person, institution, etc. \Blampoon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to attack in a lampoon; \Blampoonery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or act of lampooning.
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\Hlamprey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lam\j\b\i-pree \Pnoun\p any of a group of eel-like, parasitic, aquatic animals.
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\Hlance\h
\Pverb\p to cut open with a scalpel or knife: 'the doctor \Ilanced\j\b\i the abscess'.
\Blance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a long spear formerly used by soldiers on horseback. \Blancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a soldier armed with a lance.
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\Hlance corporal\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest non-commissioned officer in the army.
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\Hlanceolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lan\j\b\isi-o-late \Padjective\p shaped like a spearhead: 'the tree had thin, tapering, \Ilanceolate\j\b\i leaves'.
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\Hlancet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lahn\j\b\i-sit \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a small sharp knife for opening abscesses, etc.
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\Hland\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of the earth's surface not covered by water: 'will you travel by \Iland\j\b\i or sea?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an area of ground: a) 'the \Iland\j\b\i in this part of the country is very fertile'; b) 'the shed was on the \Iland\j\b\i when we bought it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Iland\j\b\i of the living' (= domain).
b) 'she travelled for years in foreign \Ilands\j\b\i' (= areas, regions).
\Bsee how the land lies\j\b\i, to investigate a situation, etc.
\Bland\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to come to land or shore: 'the aircraft \Ilanded\j\b\i safely'. b) to come to rest or arrive in a place or position: 'the space capsule \Ilanded\j\b\i in the ocean'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring a fish out of the water, with a hook, net, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ilanded\j\b\i a good contract with the firm' (= gained, captured).
b) 'she \Ilanded\j\b\i him a blow on the head' (= dealt).
\Bland up\j\b\i, 'the way you're going you'll \Iland up\j\b\i in gaol' (= find yourself, end). \Blanded\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, owning or consisting of land.
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\Hlandau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lan\j\b\idaw \Pnoun\p a four-wheeled carriage with two seats facing each other, each covered by a hood, and with a high seat for the driver.
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\Hlandfall\h
\Pnoun\p a sighting of land, especially from a ship: 'we entered the harbour three hours after \Ilandfall\j\b\i'.
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\Hlandfill\h
\Pnoun\p waste material such as garbage and building refuse buried under earth in order to raise the level of a site.
#
\Hlandform\h
\Pnoun\p any geographical feature, such as a mountain, valley, etc.
#
\Hlanding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of landing: 'the aircraft's \Ilanding\j\b\i was delayed owing to bad weather'. b) the place where people or goods are landed: 'the \Ilanding\j\b\i was crowded with onlookers when the ship docked'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the open area at the top of a flight of stairs, or between flights.
#
\Hlanding craft\h
a low, flat-bottomed boat for landing troops, equipment, etc.
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\Hlanding gear\h
also called the \Bundercarriage\j\b\i
the wheels and supporting struts of an aircraft, lowered just before landing.
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\Hlanding party\h
a small group of a ship's crew sent ashore to explore, etc.
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\Hlandlady\h
\Pnoun\p a woman who rents out land, houses or rooms to tenants.
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\Hlandlocked\h
\Padjective\p almost or entirely surrounded by land.
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\Hlandlord\h
\Pnoun\p a man who rents out land, houses or rooms to tenants.
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\Hlandlubber\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a person who knows little about boats or the sea.
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\Hlandmark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an object easily seen and serving as a guide to travellers.
\CX12.\j\b\i an event marking an important stage of development: 'the discovery of gold was a \Ilandmark\j\b\i in the history of Australia'.
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\Hlandmine\h
\Pnoun\p any of various explosive devices placed in concealed positions in a minefield on land.
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\Hlandscape\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a view of countryside or inland scenery: 'climb the hill and view the \Ilandscape\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a painting, etc. of such scenery. \Blandscape\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to do landscape gardening.
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\Hlandscape gardening\h
the art of providing gardens with trees, water features, shrubberies, etc. to produce attractive views of seemingly natural landscape.
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\Hlandshark\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian and New Zealand history:\j\b\i a very greedy land speculator.
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\Hlandslide\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blandslip\j\b\i
a mass of soil and rocks which slides down a hillside.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he won the election in a \Ilandslide\j\b\i' (= overwhelming victory).
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\Hlandslip\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlandslide\j\b\i.
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\Hlane\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow road or alley.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strip marked with lines for a single line of traffic, a runner, etc.
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\Hlanguage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lang\j\b\i-wij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular form of sounds or words used by a nation or group.
\CX12.\j\b\i the use of sounds or words to express thoughts or feelings to others: 'he always uses very emotional \Ilanguage\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any method of communication: 'the \Ilanguage\j\b\i of animals'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the specific code of commands used to write a computer program.
\CX15.\j\b\i the science or study of sounds and words.
\Blanguage laboratory\j\b\i, a place where languages are taught by means of tape-recordings, etc. Latin \Ilingua\j\b\i tongue
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\Hlanguid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lang\j\b\i-wid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or showing no interest.
\CX12.\j\b\i slow-moving from weakness or tiredness. \Blanguidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blanguidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from Latin
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\Hlanguish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lang\j\b\i-wish \Pverb\p to become weak or feeble.
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\Hlanguor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lang\j\b\i-ger \Pnoun\p weakness or lack of energy: 'she lies in bed all day in moody \Ilanguor\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ilanguor\j\b\i of the heat made us very lazy' (= stillness, heaviness). \Blanguorous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blanguorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlank\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a person) tall and lean.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of hair) straight and limp or flat.
\Blanky\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of a person) ungracefully tall and thin.
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\Hlanolin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lann\j\b\ia-lin \Pnoun\p a waxy material obtained from wool grease, containing cholesterol and other complex organic substances which are readily absorbed by the skin. It is used in ointments and cosmetics. Latin \Ilana\j\b\i wool + \Ioleum\j\b\i oil
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\Hlantern\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a glass case with a metal frame protecting a light. Short form of \Bstorm-lantern\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i a) an open part at the top of a tower or dome. b) a raised part of a roof designed to let in light.
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\Hlanthanide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lan\j\b\itha-nide \Pnoun\p also called a \Brare earth element\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the rare metal elements, numbers 57-71 inclusive, all of which have chemical properties similar to aluminium.
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\Hlanthanum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lan\j\b\itha-num \Pnoun\p element number 57, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hlanyard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lan\j\b\i-y'd \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a cord worn round the neck or shoulder to carry a whistle or knife.
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\Hlap (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the front of the body from the waist to the knees when sitting: 'she held the baby in her \Ilap\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your future is in the \Ilap\j\b\i of the gods' (= care, responsibility).
\Bin the lap of luxury\j\b\i, in luxurious circumstances.
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\Hlap (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blapped\j\b\i, \Blapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to lay something partly over something: 'the roof tiles were closely \Ilapped\j\b\i'. b) to wrap or fold about something: 'the Egyptian mummy was \Ilapped\j\b\i in a long winding cloth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to abrade or polish using a rotary motion.
\Blap\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a single trip around a racetrack or from one end of a swimming pool to the other.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rotating wheel used for polishing gems, etc.
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\Hlap (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blapped\j\b\i, \Blapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to take up liquid with the tongue: 'the cat \Ilapped\j\b\i milk from the saucer'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he really \Ilaps\j\b\i up the compliments' (= accepts eagerly or greedily).
\CX12.\j\b\i to wash lightly against something: 'we heard the water gently \Ilapping\j\b\i the side of the boat'. \Blap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of lapping.
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\Hlap-dog\h
\Pnoun\p any small dog kept as a pet.
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\Hlapel\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1pel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the part of a coat forming an extension of the collar and folded over, reaching down to where the fastening begins.
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\Hlapidary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lapp\j\b\ii-dree \Pnoun\p a) a person who cuts, polishes or engraves precious stones. b) the art of cutting and polishing precious stones.
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\Hlapis lazuli\h
\Isay\j\b\i lappis \CX1laz\j\b\i-yoo-lie a rare, deep blue semiprecious stone used mainly in jewellery.
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\Hlapse\h
\Isay\j\b\i laps \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a slight slip or failure: 'he suffered a brief \Ilapse\j\b\i of memory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a gradual falling or slipping: 'a \Ilapse\j\b\i into bad habits'.
\Blapse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to slide or slip slowly: 'he \Ilapsed\j\b\i into unconsciousness'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'time \Ilapses\j\b\i slowly when you are away' (= passes).
b) 'this insurance policy has \Ilapsed\j\b\i' (= become void or ineffective).
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\Hlaptop computer\h
also called \Blaptop\j\b\i
a small, lightweight, portable computer which can use battery power and be operated while placed on the lap.
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\Hlapwing\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpewit\j\b\i
a large European bird related to the plover, with a curved, slender crest and a shrill cry.
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\Hlarceny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lar\j\b\isa-nee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the stealing of another person's possessions. \Blarcenous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blarcenously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlarch\h
\Pnoun\p a deciduous, Northern Hemisphere tree with cones, short needle-like leaves and hard, durable wood.
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\Hlard\h
\Pnoun\p the fat from a pig, prepared for use in cooking. \Blard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply lard or grease to, especially when cooking lean meat.
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\Hlarder\h
\Pnoun\p a pantry.
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\Hlarge\h
\Padjective\p of more than ordinary size or amount: 'our \Ilarge\j\b\i family has 14 children'. \IUsage:\j\b\i 'the chairman has \Ilarge\j\b\i powers of control over policy' (= wide, of great range).
\Bas large as life\j\b\i, 'I turned the corner and saw her, \Ias large as life\j\b\i!' (= unexpectedly in person).
\Blarge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bat large\j\b\i, a) 'the bandits are still \Iat large\j\b\i' (= free); b) 'are travellers \Iat large\j\b\i aware of this fact?' (= in general). \Blargely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, mostly or to a great extent; \Blargish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rather large; \Blargeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ilargus\j\b\i abounding
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\Hlarge intestine\h
See \Jcolon (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlargess\h
\Isay\j\b\i lar-\CX1jess\j\b\i \Pnoun\p largesse a) the generous giving of gifts. b) gifts which have been given generously. French
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\Hlariat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1larr\j\b\ii-ut \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a lasso. Spanish \Ila reata\j\b\i the rope
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\Hlark (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small songbirds, originally from Europe.
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\Hlark (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an amusing prank or frolic: 'we hid his books for a \Ilark\j\b\i'. \Blark\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to have fun or play pranks.
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\Hlarkspur\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with spur-shaped flowers.
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\Hlarrikin\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a usually young, rowdy person. \Blarrikinism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlarva\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Blarvae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lar\j\b\ivee)
\IBiology:\j\b\i a self-sustaining, preadult stage in the life history of many animals and differing from the mature adult in form. \Blarval\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, a ghost, a mask
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\Hlaryngitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i larrin-\CX1jite\j\b\i-is \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the larynx causing hoarseness and loss of voice.
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\Hlarynx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1larr\j\b\iinx \Pnoun\p plural is \Blarynges\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1rin\j\b\i-jeez) or \Blarynxes\j\b\i
also called the \Bvoice box\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the movable box of cartilage in the neck, through which air passes from the nose to the lungs, and in which the sounds of speech are produced by the vocal cords. \Blaryngeal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i larrin-\CX1jee\j\b\i-ul), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hlasagne\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1zarn\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a baked dish consisting of layers of flat pasta, cheese and a spiced minced meat and tomato puree sauce.
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\Hlascar\h
\Pnoun\p a seaman from the East Indies.
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\Hlascivious\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1sivv\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p a) feeling or expressing lust: 'the boy gave her a \Ilascivious\j\b\i look'. b) tending to cause lustful feelings: 'the principal confiscated the \Ilascivious\j\b\i pictures'. \Blasciviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blasciviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ilascivus\j\b\i playful, impudent
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\Hlaser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p an electronic device for producing extremely powerful, almost parallel, beams of light, used in drilling steel, cauterising tumours, communications, etc. from \Bl\j\b\i(ight) \Ba\j\b\i(mplification) by \Bs\j\b\i(timulated) \Be\j\b\i(mission) of \Br\j\b\i(adiation)
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\Hlaser printer\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a printer which uses a laser to make an image on a photosensitive drum, against which a piece of electrostatically charged paper is rolled to receive the toner.
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\Hlash\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to strike with a whip. b) to beat or strike violently: 'the rain \Ilashed\j\b\i the windows during the storm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tie securely with rope, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the horse \Ilashed\j\b\i its tail in anger' (= flicked, moved quickly).
b) 'the speaker \Ilashed\j\b\i his audience into a frenzy' (= aroused).
c) 'she \Ilashed\j\b\i the shopkeeper with angry words' (= attacked).
\Blash out\j\b\i, a) 'the horse \Ilashed out\j\b\i with its hind legs' (= kicked violently); b) 'she \Ilashed out\j\b\i at the media in her speech' (= attacked); c) 'tonight we'll really \Ilash out\j\b\i and go to the theatre' (= spend money freely).
\Blash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the flexible part of a whip. b) a blow with a whip, etc.: 'the prisoner was sentenced to 16 \Ilashes\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an eyelash.
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\Hlashing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a whipping or beating.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) large quantities: 'apple pie with \Ilashings\j\b\i of cream'.
\Isay\j\b\i lass\CX1oo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a long rope with an adjustable noose at one end, used to catch cattle, horses, etc. \Blasso\j\b\i (\Blassoed\j\b\i, \Blassoing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to catch with a lasso. Spanish \Ilazo\j\b\i noose
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\Hlast (1)\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i coming after all the others in time or order: 'my horse ran \Ilast\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i coming immediately before the present: '\Ilast\j\b\i week she was ill'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this is the \Ilast\j\b\i time we shall see each other' (= final).
b) 'that's the \Ilast\j\b\i thing I thought she would do' (= least expected or likely).
\Bon one's last legs\j\b\i, See \Jleg\j\b\i.
\Blast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which is at the end: 'we have finished the \Ilast\j\b\i of the coffee'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat last\j\b\i, after much delay.
\Bto the last\j\b\i, until the end. \Blastly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, finally.
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\Hlast (2)\h
\Pverb\p to endure or continue: 'the programme \Ilasted\j\b\i half an hour'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the food will \Ilast\j\b\i another day' (= be enough for).
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\Hlast (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a model of the human foot used in making shoes.
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\Hlast-ditch\h
\Padjective\p final and desperate.
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\Hlast post\h
in America called \Btaps\j\b\i
\IMilitary:\j\b\i the bugle call signalling soldiers to retire for the night. b) the same call used at military funerals and commemoration services. Compare \Jreveille\j\b\i.
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\Hlatch\h
\Pnoun\p a simple fastening on a door, consisting of a bar which falls into a slot.
\Blatch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fasten with a latch.
\Blatch on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to attach oneself to; b) to understand or comprehend.
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\Hlate\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i further on than the proper, usual or appointed time: 'everyone was kept waiting as the train was \Ilate\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being or occurring toward the end: 'the sky had cleared by the \Ilate\j\b\i afternoon'.
\CX13.\j\b\i recent: 'she came home from Paris with the \Ilatest\j\b\i fashions'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Ilate\j\b\i husband was a cheerful man' (= deceased).
\Bof late\j\b\i, 'I have been a bit off-colour \Iof late\j\b\i' (= recently). \Blately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, recently; \Blateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlatecomer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who arrives late.
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\Hlatent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-t'nt \Padjective\p (of a quality) present but not apparent or active: 'good teaching brings out \Ilatent\j\b\i talents'. \Blatency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ilatens\j\b\i lying hidden
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\Hlatent heat\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of heat absorbed or given out when a substance changes its state without changing its temperature.
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\Hlateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the side: 'prune all the \Ilateral\j\b\i branches away from the tree trunk and leave the crown'. \Blaterally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilateris\j\b\i of a side
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\Hlaterite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1latt\j\b\ia-rite \Pnoun\p a) a hard, reddish clay, composed of oxides of iron and aluminium, formed in the tropics by the action of successive wet and dry seasons. b) any soil produced by the decomposition of the rocks beneath it Latin \Ilater\j\b\i brick
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\Hlatex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-teks \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a milky liquid which comes out of cut surfaces of some flowering plants, used in making rubber. Latin, liquid
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\Hlath\h
\Isay\j\b\i lahth \Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i a narrow strip of wood used to support plaster on a wall or the tiles, etc. on a roof.
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\Hlathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i lay\Ith\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a machine which holds and turns pieces of wood, metal or other material, so that they are rotated against another tool for cutting or shaping.
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\Hlather\h
\Pnoun\p any foam or froth.
\Blather\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to form a lather: 'soap does not \Ilather\j\b\i well in hard water'. b) to make a lather on: 'he \Ilathered\j\b\i his chin before shaving'.
\Bgive someone a lathering\j\b\i, to give someone a beating.
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\HLatin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the language of the ancient Romans.
\CX12.\j\b\i a member of any of the peoples whose languages are derived from Latin: 'the Italians, French and Spanish are all \ILatins\j\b\i'.
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\HLatin America\h
the countries of Central and South America in which Spanish or Portuguese is spoken. \BLatin-American\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlatitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1latt\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees from the centre of the earth.
\CX12.\j\b\i freedom of action, opinion, etc.: 'the conservative churches do not allow much \Ilatitude\j\b\i in religious belief'.
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\Hlatrine\h
\Isay\j\b\i la-\CX1treen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a) a pit or trench used as an outdoor toilet. b) a toilet in a barracks, factory, etc. Latin \Ilatrina\j\b\i a bath
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\Hlatter\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being the second mentioned of two: 'of Purcell and Handel, she prefers the \Ilatter\j\b\i (Handel)'. Compare \Jformer\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i belonging to or coming near the end of something: 'in the \Ilatter\j\b\i days of his life he became increasingly adventurous'. \Blatterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) lately, b) of the latter part of a period of time. \Blatter\j\b\i should only be used for the second of two things. If there are more than two things do not use \Ilatter\j\b\i. \IExample:\j\b\i 'of beef and mutton, I prefer the \Ilatter\j\b\i' (= mutton); 'of beef, mutton and veal, I prefer the \Ilast\j\b\i' (= veal).
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\Hlattice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1latt\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a structure of crossed strips usually in a diamond pattern, used as a screen, etc.
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\Hlaud\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to praise. \Blaudable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, deserving praise; \Blaudably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blaudatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, expressing or showing praise.
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\Hlaudanum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lawd\j\b\ia-n'm \Pnoun\p a solution of opium in alcohol, used in medicine.
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\Hlaugh\h
\Isay\j\b\i lahf \Pverb\p to make sounds and facial movements expressing joy, amusement, derision, etc.
\Blaugh at\j\b\i, 'it's unfair to \Ilaugh at\j\b\i a person's disability' (= make fun of).
\Blaugh\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the sound of laughing. b) the act of laughing: 'we had a good \Ilaugh\j\b\i over her stories'.
\Bhave the last laugh\j\b\i, to triumph or succeed after seeming at a disadvantage.
\Blaughter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the action of laughing: 'she was helpless with \Ilaughter\j\b\i'. b) the sound of laughing. \Blaughable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, amusing or causing laughter; \Blaughingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlaughing gas\h
nitrous oxide (formula N\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO), which may produce an exhilarating effect when inhaled, used as an anaesthetic in dentistry, etc.
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\Hlaughing jackass\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jkookaburra\j\b\i.
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\Hlaughing-stock\h
\Pnoun\p an object of general ridicule.
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\Hlaunch (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lawnch \Pnoun\p a large, sturdy open boat, usually with an engine.
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\Hlaunch (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lawnch \Pverb\p a) to put a boat into the water. b) to propel a rocket, spear, etc., into the air: 'the jet plane was \Ilaunched\j\b\i from the deck of the carrier'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the publisher \Ilaunched\j\b\i an advertising campaign to promote the new book' (= started, set going).
\Blaunch out\j\b\i, 'he is going to \Ilaunch out\j\b\i on a completely new career' (= start out).
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\Hlaunching pad\h
short form is \Blaunch pad\j\b\i
the structure from which a rocket is launched.
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\Hlaunder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lawn\j\b\i-der \Pverb\p to wash and iron clothes. \Blaunderer\j\b\i, \Blaundress\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who launders.
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\Hlaundrette\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blaundromat\j\b\i
a coin-operated, self-service laundry. a trademark
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\Hlaundry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lawn\j\b\i-dree \Pnoun\p a) a place where articles are washed. b) any articles of clothing, etc. to be washed. \Blaundryman\j\b\i, \Blaundrywoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who collects and delivers laundry.
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\Hlaurel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lorr\j\b\iel \Pnoun\p any of a large group of related evergreen shrubs and trees with shiny leaves, especially the European bay tree, the source of the bay leaf used in cooking and the victory wreaths of ancient Greek and Rome.
\Brest on one's laurels\j\b\i, to be content with what one has already achieved. \Blaureate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, crowned with leaves of laurel or other symbols of honour.
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\Hlava\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lah\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i the molten rock from inside the earth which flows through an erupting volcano. Italian, a stream
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\Hlavatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lavv\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a toilet. Latin \Ilavare\j\b\i to wash
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\Hlave\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to wash.
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\Hlavender\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pale, pinkish-violet colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a shrub with spikes of fragrant, pale purple flowers. b) the dried flowers or the perfume made from the oil from this plant. \Blavender\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlavish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lavv\j\b\iish \Pverb\p to give abundantly or generously: 'the nurse \Ilavished\j\b\i attention on the sick child'. \Blavish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, abundant or profuse; \Blavishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blavishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Ilavasse\j\b\i a downpour of rain
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\Hlaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the body of official rules of a country which must be obeyed. b) any one of these rules. c) any collection of these rules dealing with a particular subject: 'commercial \Ilaw\j\b\i'. d) a body of knowledge concerned with these rules: 'to study \Ilaw\j\b\i'. e) the profession which deals with these rules and their application: 'to practise \Ilaw\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the police force.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'Newton's first \Ilaw\j\b\i of motion' (= rule).
b) 'his word is \Ilaw\j\b\i' (= undisputed authority).
\Blay down the law\j\b\i, to state one's opinions or wishes authoritatively. \Blawful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, allowed by law; \Blawfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blawfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blawless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) regardless of law, b) unrestrained; \Blawlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blawlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlaw-abiding\h
\Padjective\p obeying the law.
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\Hlawn (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an area of neatly cut grass, e.g. in a private garden.
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\Hlawn (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a thin, linen fabric.
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\Hlawn tennis\h
the official name for tennis played on grass or hard courts, as distinct from real tennis.
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\Hlawrencium\h
\Isay\j\b\i law-\CX1ren\j\b\isi-um \Pnoun\p element number 103, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i. after \IE. O. Lawrence\j\b\i, 1901-58, an American physicist
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\Hlawsuit\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a proceeding in a court of law.
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\Hlawyer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loy\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a member of the legal profession. Compare \Jbarrister\j\b\i and \Bsolicitor\j\b\i.
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\Hlax\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not strict or severe: a) '\Ilax\j\b\i morals'; b) '\Ilax\j\b\i discipline'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of the bowels) loose. \Blaxly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blaxity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lak\j\b\isi-tee), \Blaxness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Ilaxus\j\b\i loose, slack
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\Hlaxative\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpurgative\j\b\i
any substance causing emptying of the bowels.
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\Hlay (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blaid\j\b\i, \Blaying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put, place or set: a) 'he \Ilaid\j\b\i the book on the table'; b) 'she \Ilays\j\b\i great emphasis on neatness'; c) 'the scene of our story is \Ilaid\j\b\i in Rome'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prepare or arrange: 'she \Ilaid\j\b\i careful plans'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my prize hen \Ilays\j\b\i six eggs a day' (= produces).
b) 'I'll \Ilay\j\b\i five to one I can beat you home' (= wager, bet).
c) 'he sprinkled the path with water to \Ilay\j\b\i the dust' (= settle).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blay down\j\b\i, a) 'he \Ilaid down\j\b\i his life' (= sacrificed); b) 'that ship was \Ilaid down\j\b\i last year' (= begun).
\Blay in\j\b\i, to build up a store of something.
\Blay it on thick\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to exaggerate a point, especially when flattering someone.
\Blay low\j\b\i, a) 'he \Ilaid\j\b\i me \Ilow\j\b\i with his truncheon' (= knocked unconscious); b) 'flu \Ilaid\j\b\i him \Ilow\j\b\i for weeks' (= kept an invalid).
\Blay off\j\b\i, a) to dismiss an employee; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to give up or stop.
\Blay out\j\b\i, a) to spend money on; b) to prepare a corpse for burial; c) to knock unconscious.
\Blay up\j\b\i, a) to store up; b) 'he's been \Ilaid up\j\b\i for a week with back pains' (= kept in bed).
\Blay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the way or position in which something is laid or lies: 'the \Ilay\j\b\i of the land'. do not confuse \Bto lay\j\b\i and \Bto lie\j\b\i. To \Ilay\j\b\i (\Ilaid, laying\j\b\i) is always transitive (must have an object) and means to put somewhere; to \Ilie\j\b\i (\Ilay, lain, lying\j\b\i) is always intransitive (cannot have an object) and means to be somewhere. Thus, we say to a dog, '\Ilie\j\b\i down' but '\Ilay\j\b\i down your weapons'. \IExamples:\j\b\i 'he \Ilay\j\b\i in the garden all morning' (not laid or layed); 'she could have \Ilain\j\b\i there all day' (not laid); 'she was \Ilying\j\b\i there' (not laying); 'have you \Ilaid\j\b\i the table?' (not lain).
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\Hlay (2)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Blie (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlay (3)\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the laity, as distinct from the clergy or the members of a profession.
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\Hlay (4)\h
\Pnoun\p a short song or poem.
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\Hlayabout\h
\Pnoun\p a loafer or idler.
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\Hlay-by\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a method of buying by paying a small deposit, followed, within a fixed period of time, by a series of interest-free payments until the full amount is paid, at which time the goods may be collected. b) an article so purchased.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a part of a road or other passage way where vehicles, etc., may pull up out of the main-stream traffic.
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\Hlayer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a single thickness or level.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of hens, etc.) one that lays eggs. \Blayer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spread or arrange in layers.
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\Hlayette\h
\Isay\j\b\i lay-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a complete outfit of clothing for a newborn child. French, box or drawer
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\Hlaying\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Blay (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlayman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a member of the laity.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a non-expert. \Blaywoman\j\b\i, \Blayperson\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hlayout\h
\Pnoun\p an arrangement or plan: 'this map shows the \Ilayout\j\b\i of the town'.
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\Hlazy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lay\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p unwilling to work or be active.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ilazy\j\b\i stream gurgling by' (= slowly moving). \Blazily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blaziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blaze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be lazy or idle.
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\Hlazy Susan\h
a) a revolving tray set on a base, for serving side dishes, etc. on a table. b) a cupboard door with shelves attached which revolves to give easy access to the contents.
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\Hlea\h
\Isay\j\b\i lee \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a meadow.
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\Hleach\h
\Pverb\p \IGeology:\j\b\i to remove soluble constituents from soil, ashes, etc. by the percolating action of water.
\CX11.\j\b\i to take or guide: 'the estate agent \Iled\j\b\i us through the house'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to direct or command: 'to \Ilead\j\b\i an army'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to begin or open with: 'to \Ilead\j\b\i the ace of hearts'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ileads\j\b\i a dull life' (= experiences, spends).
b) 'the marching girls \Iled\j\b\i the procession' (= were at the head of).
\Blead someone on\j\b\i, a) to encourage someone into an undesirable position or action; b) to deceive someone.
\Blead\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the first or foremost place: 'the Irishman took the \Ilead\j\b\i at the 300 m mark'. b) the extent to which something is ahead: 'he had a \Ilead\j\b\i of 100 m on his nearest rival'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which leads: a) 'the boxer tried to land a sharp left \Ilead\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Ilead\j\b\i of trumps'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'put the dog on its \Ilead\j\b\i' (= leash).
b) 'at present there are no \Ileads\j\b\i to the murderer's identity' (= clues, indications).
c) 'I have the \Ilead\j\b\i because I won the last trick' (= right of first play).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i a) the main role in a play. b) the actor playing it.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a) an alluvial deposit containing gold, tin, etc. b) a vein.
\CX15.\j\b\i an insulated piece of wire for conducting electricity.
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\Hlead (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i led \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 82, a soft heavy metal, used especially in storage-batteries, type metal, cable sheathing, shields against radioactivity. Lead compounds, poisonous to humans, are now restricted to controlled industrial uses.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long, thin piece of graphite used in pencils.
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a lump of metal attached to a rope and dropped over the side of a boat to measure the depth of the water. \Bleaden\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being made of lead, b) having the colour or appearance of lead, c) being as heavy or dull as lead; \Bleadenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hleader\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that leads: 'the \Ileader\j\b\i of an expedition'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INewspapers:\j\b\i See \Jeditorial\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i the first violin in an orchestra.
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\Hleadership\h
\Pnoun\p a) the position, function, or guidance of a leader. b) the ability to lead.
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\Hleading\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-ding \Padjective\p chief or most important: 'she is the \Ileading\j\b\i expert in this field'.
\Bleading question\j\b\i, a question so worded that it suggests the desired answer.
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\Hleading article\h
See \Jeditorial\j\b\i.
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\Hleading edge\h
also called \Bcutting edge\j\b\i
(of high technology) the best or most advanced of its type: 'this \Ileading edge\j\b\i digital phone is so small you could wear it on your wrist!'.
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\Hleaf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bleaves\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a flat organ, usually green, found on the stem of plants. b) a petal: 'rose \Ileaves\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single sheet of paper forming two pages of a book, one on each side.
\CX13.\j\b\i an extra panel to make a table larger, often hinged or sliding.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i a very thin metal sheet or plate.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btake a leaf out of someone's book\j\b\i, to follow someone's example.
\Bturn over a new leaf\j\b\i, to make a new and better start.
\Bleaf\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put forth leaves.
\Bleaf through\j\b\i, to turn the pages of a book quickly. \Bleafy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or covered with leaves; \Bleafiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bleafless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bleafage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, foliage.
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\Hleaflet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small leaf or leaf-like part.
\CX12.\j\b\i a flat or folded sheet of printed matter.
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\Hleague (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i leeg \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an agreement made between persons, groups or nations, for their common good. b) the parties to such an agreement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was a fine pianist but not in the same \Ileague\j\b\i as the great, professional players' (= class, category).
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of sporting clubs which arranges matches between its member teams.
\Bin league with\j\b\i, allied with. \Bleague\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form into or become a league.
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\Hleague (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i leeg \Pnoun\p an old unit of length varying in different countries and at different times. In England it was equal to about 5.5 km (3 miles).
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\Hleak\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to let liquid or gas wrongly enter or escape.
\CX12.\j\b\i to disclose information.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to urinate.
\Bleak\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any hole, crack, etc., through which liquid or gas may wrongly enter or escape.
\CX12.\j\b\i an act or instance of leaking: 'there's a steady \Ileak\j\b\i from the crack in the dam wall'. \Bleaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bleakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hleakage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-kij \Pnoun\p a) the act or process of leaking. b) something which leaks in or out. c) the amount which leaks in or out.
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\Hlean (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bleaned\j\b\i or \Bleant\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lent), \Bleaning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to bend from a vertical position or in a particular direction: a) 'the waiter \Ileaned\j\b\i over the table'; '\Ilean\j\b\i out of the window and have a look'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rest against or on something for support.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ileans\j\b\i towards socialism' (= is favourably disposed).
b) 'he \Ileaned\j\b\i rather too much on other people's advice' (= relied, depended). \Blean\j\b\i, \Bleaning\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, an inclination.
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\Hlean (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having little fat.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the thirties were \Ilean\j\b\i years to live through' (= of scarcity).
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to paint containing little oil. \Blean\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the flesh of an animal containing little fat; \Bleanness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlean-to\h
\Pnoun\p a small building which is supported by the wall of a larger building.
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\Hleap\h
\Pverb\p (\Bleapt\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lept) or \Bleaped\j\b\i, \Bleaping\j\b\i)
to spring or jump.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby leaps and bounds\j\b\i, with extremely rapid progress.
\Bleap in the dark\j\b\i, an action the consequences of which cannot be foreseen. \Bleap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a spring or bound, b) the space covered in a leap, c) a place leapt from.
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\Hleapfrog\h
\Pnoun\p a game where one person jumps across another who is bent over.
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\Hleap year\h
See \Jyear\j\b\i.
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\Hlearn\h
\Isay\j\b\i lern \Pverb\p (\Blearnt\j\b\i or \Blearned\j\b\i, \Blearning\j\b\i)
to gain knowledge or skill from instruction or practice.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was sorry to \Ilearn\j\b\i of your illness' (= be told or informed). \Blearner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is learning.
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\Hlearned\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ler\j\b\inid \Padjective\p having or requiring much knowledge. \Blearnedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blearnedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlearning\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the knowledge acquired by scholarly study. b) the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i a relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of practice or experience.
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\Hlearnt\h
\Isay\j\b\i lernt \Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blearn\j\b\i.
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\Hlease\h
\Pnoun\p a contract which allows a person to use or occupy property in return for rent.
\Ba new lease of life\j\b\i, a renewed enjoyment of life. \Blease\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to grant or take possession of by lease.
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\Hleasehold\h
\Pnoun\p a right to use, for a specified period, land or property which one does not own. \Bleaseholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hleash\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blead\j\b\i
a strap or thong for restraining animals. \Bleash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hold or secure by a leash.
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\Hleast\h
\Pnoun\p the smallest amount, quantity, degree, etc.
\Bat least\j\b\i, a) 'he writes \Iat least\j\b\i twice as fast as I do' (= at the lowest estimate); b) '\Iat least\j\b\i you could say you're sorry' (= at any rate, in any case).
\Bleast\j\b\i \Iadjective, \Padverb\p\j\b\i
a superlative form of \Blittle\j\b\i.
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\Hleastways\h
\Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) at least.
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\Hleather\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1le\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the tanned and prepared skin of animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i \Bhell for leather\j\b\i, See \Jhell\j\b\i. \Bleather\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to beat with a leather strap; \Bleathery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like leather.
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\Hleatherjacket\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of tough-skinned Australian and New Zealand fish.
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\Hleave (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bleft\j\b\i, \Bleaving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to go out or away from: 'he \Ileft\j\b\i the country and returned to the city'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause or allow to remain: a) '\Ileave\j\b\i your gloves and things on the hall table'; b) 'did you \Ileave\j\b\i the radiator turned on?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'did the courier \Ileave\j\b\i a parcel?' (= deliver).
b) 'four from six \Ileaves\j\b\i two' (= has, yields as a remainder).
c) 'I \Ileft\j\b\i all the organising to her' (= handed over, entrusted).
d) 'my father \Ileft\j\b\i me a fortune in his will' (= gave).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bleave off\j\b\i, to stop or discontinue.
\Bleave out\j\b\i, to omit. \Bleaver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who leaves.
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\Hleave (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an allowance to do something: 'did I give you \Ileave\j\b\i to interrupt?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an allowance to be absent from duty. b) the period of such absence.
\CX13.\j\b\i a departure: 'take \Ileave\j\b\i of one's friends'.
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\Hleaven\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i seven \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fermenting agent such as yeast, or a gas-producing agent such as baking powder, that lightens dough.
\CX12.\j\b\i any addition that causes a desired change. \Bleaven\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to add leaven to, b) to act upon like leaven. Middle English \Ilevain\j\b\i that which raises
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\Hleaves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jleaf\j\b\i.
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\Hlechery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1letch\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p the unrestrained indulgence of lust. \Blecherous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) disposed to or characterised by lechery, b) causing lechery; \Blecherously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blecherousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blecher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person, especially a man, disposed to lechery.
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\Hlecithin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1less\j\b\ia-thin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1lekk\j\b\ia-thin \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a nitrogenous fatty substance found in the nerve tissues, the yolk of eggs, etc., and prepared as a health food.
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\Hlectern\h
\Pnoun\p a tall, sloping reading desk, from which lessons are read in a church, lecture-hall, etc.
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\Hlecture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lek\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal talk given to teach or inform a group.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long, boring warning or scolding: 'dad gave me a \Ilecture\j\b\i when I came home late'. \Blecture\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilector\j\b\i a reader
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\Hlecturer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lek\j\b\i-cha-ra \Pnoun\p a person who gives lectures, especially at a university or college. \Blectureship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office of a lecturer.
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\Hled\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blead (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hledge\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow shelf: a) 'a window \Iledge\j\b\i'; b) 'a rocky \Iledge\j\b\i halfway down the cliff face'.
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\Hledger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a set of bookkeeping accounts.
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\Hlee\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a) the sheltered side which is not receiving the wind. b) the direction towards which the wind is blowing.
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\Hleech\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, blood-sucking worm, living in water-holes or very damp places.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a parasitic person.
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\Hleek\h
\Pnoun\p a vegetable, related to the onion, with a white cylindrical bulb and broad flat leaves.
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\Hleer\h
\Pnoun\p a look or roll of the eyes expressing slyness, malice, lust, etc. \Bleer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bleeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hleery\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wary or suspicious.
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\Hlees\h
plural \Pnoun\p the sediment of wine or other liquids.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to drink life to the \Ilees\j\b\i' (= dregs).
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\Hleeward\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-wud \Ior\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-wud \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \INautical:\j\b\i of, on or towards the lee. Compare \Jwindward\j\b\i. \Bleeward\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hleeway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the drift of a ship or aircraft to leeward.
\CX12.\j\b\i a loss of progress or time: 'we have some \Ileeway\j\b\i to make up on this job'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) extra time, etc. giving scope for manoeuvre or a margin for error.
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\Hleft (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the side of a person or thing which is towards the west when the subject is facing north.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) of or relating to the left wing.
\Bleft\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything on or toward the left side.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a collective term for all individuals and groups with a socialist outlook. \Bleft\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hleft (2)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bleave (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hleft-handed\h
\Padjective\p a) preferring to use the left hand. b) being done with or adapted to the left hand.
\Bleft-handed compliment\j\b\i, an ambiguous or questionable compliment.
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\Hleftist\h
\Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a person who holds or sympathises with the views of the left wing. \Bleftist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hleftover\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any food remaining after a meal, especially when used for another meal.
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\Hleft-wing\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i radical, socialist, etc.: 'despite his conservative background, David adopted \Ileft-wing\j\b\i views at university'.
\Bleft wing\j\b\i
the most radical section of a political party or group, usually meaning (in a parliamentary democracy) extremists in socialist parties and moderates in conservative parties. Compare \Jright wing, centre\j\b\i. \Bleft-winger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from a European tradition that radical members of a legislative assembly sit on the President's left
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\Hleg\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of the body between the hip and the foot, bearing the weight of the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) anything shaped or used like a leg: 'this chair has only three \Ilegs\j\b\i'. b) the part of a garment covering the leg.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of the distinct parts of any course, race, etc.: 'we covered the last \Ileg\j\b\i of our trip very quickly'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i the part of the field lying to the left of and behind the batsman. Compare \Joff\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive a leg up\j\b\i, to assist in climbing or mounting by giving a boost or providing support.
\Bnot have a leg to stand on\j\b\i, not to have a sound or logical basis for an argument, etc.
\Bon one's last legs\j\b\i, on the verge of collapse or death.
\Bpull someone's leg\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tease or make fun of someone. \Blegless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlegacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1legg\j\b\ia-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything handed down from ancestors or predecessors.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a gift of personal property made by will to any person. Compare \Jinheritance\j\b\i. \Blegatee\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i legga-\CX1tee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who receives a legacy.
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\Hlegal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-g'l \Padjective\p a) of or relating to law. b) lawful. \Blegally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blegalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the strict adherence to laws or rules; \Blegalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blegalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlegal age\h
the age at which persons are judged competent to deal with their own affairs, or be responsible for their own actions.
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\Hlegalise\h
\Pverb\p legalize to make legal. \Blegalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlegality\h
\Isay\j\b\i lig-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being allowed by law.
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\Hlegal tender\h
See \Jtender (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1legg\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i an official representative of the Pope.
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\Hlegatee\h
\Isay\j\b\i legga-\CX1tee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p See \Jlegacy\j\b\i.
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\Hlegation\h
\Isay\j\b\i lig-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i a) a group of diplomatic representatives led by an official below the rank of ambassador. b) the offices or official home of a legate or a legation.
\ICricket:\j\b\i a way of getting out in which the batsman's body intercepts a fairly bowled ball which would otherwise have hit the wicket.
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\Hlegend\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\i'nd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a traditional tale about a person or country, often regarded locally as history, but which may or may not be true.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written explanation of the symbols used in a map, diagram, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i an inscription, as on a coin or monument. \Blegendary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or described in legend, b) famous or celebrated. Latin \Ilegenda\j\b\i things to be read
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\Hlegerdemain\h
\Isay\j\b\i lej-a-der-\CX1mane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a sleight of hand. b) any clever trick or deception. French \IlΘger\j\b\i light + \Ide main\j\b\i of hand
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\Hleger line\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\ia line \IMusic:\j\b\i a short line above or below the staff.
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\Hleggings\h
plural \Pnoun\p an extra outer covering for the legs, usually extending from the ankles to the knees.
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\Hleggy\h
\Padjective\p having long legs.
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\Hlegible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p able to be read easily: 'please make your handwriting \Ilegible\j\b\i'. \Blegibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i leja-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blegibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlegion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various military organisations or units: 'the Foreign \ILegion\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vast multitude: 'they are \Ilegion\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i Ancient history: a division of the Roman army, consisting of at least 3000 men. \Blegionary\j\b\i, \Blegionnaire\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a member of a legion; \Blegionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlegislate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\ii-slate \Pverb\p to make or enact laws.
\Blegislative\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having the power or function to make laws: 'a \Ilegislative\j\b\i assembly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or produced by laws. \Blegislation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of making laws, b) a law or group of laws; \Blegislator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlegislature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lej\j\b\iis-laycher \Pnoun\p any organisation which makes laws, such as a parliament.
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\Hlegitimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i lij-\CX1itt\j\b\ia-mit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i according to the law or established standards, etc.: 'a \Ilegitimate\j\b\i business'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is not a \Ilegitimate\j\b\i argument' (= logical, valid).
\CX12.\j\b\i born of parents who are legally married. \Blegitimately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blegitimacy\j\b\i, \Blegitimateness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Blegitimise\j\b\i, \Blegitimize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make legal or legitimate. Latin \Ilegitimare\j\b\i to make lawful
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\Hlegume\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1leg\j\b\i-yoom \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants in which the fruit is a pod, such as the pea. \Bleguminous\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i le-\CX1gew\j\b\imi-nus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlegwarmer\h
\Pnoun\p a woollen tube worn from ankle to knee.
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\Hlei\h
\Isay\j\b\i lay \Pnoun\p a garland of flowers for the neck or head. Hawaiian
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\Hleisure\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i treasure \Pnoun\p the time free of work or duties.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat leisure\j\b\i, 'she walked around the town \Iat leisure\j\b\i' (= without hurrying).
\Bat one's leisure\j\b\i, 'please come and visit us \Iat your leisure\j\b\i' (= when you have some spare time). \Bleisurely\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, without haste.
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\Hleitmotiv\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lite\j\b\i-mo-teef \Pnoun\p leitmotif a musical theme associated with a particular person or situation.
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\Hlemming\h
\Pnoun\p a small, mouse-like mammal of arctic regions, noted for periodic mass migrations which control the size of the population.
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\Hlemon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a medium-sized, yellow citrus fruit with a bitter taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellow colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is disappointing or unsuitable: 'the car is a \Ilemon\j\b\i'.
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\Hlemonade\h
\Pnoun\p a drink made from lemons, sugar and water, often carbonated.
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\Hlemon grass\h
a tropical grass from which an oil is obtained, for use in perfumes, cooking, etc.
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\Hlemur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p a small, nocturnal, tree-dwelling monkey-like mammal with a long furry tail, found in the forests of Madagascar and nearby islands.
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\Hlend\h
\Pverb\p (\Blent\j\b\i, \Blending\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to give something with the understanding that it will be returned: 'this library \Ilends\j\b\i books'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to permit the temporary use of money, etc. in return for payment: 'the banks \Ilend\j\b\i money at high interest rates'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'dark clouds \Ilent\j\b\i a threatening appearance to the sky' (= gave).
b) 'this will \Ilend\j\b\i itself to my purpose very well indeed' (= adapt).
\Blend a hand\j\b\i, to help. \Blender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Blend, loan, borrow\j\b\i. \ILend\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p, whereas \Iloan\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'I would like to \Ilend\j\b\i (not loan) you some money, if you are sure you can pay back the \Iloan\j\b\i (not lend). While \Ilend\j\b\i and \Iborrow\j\b\i are related, their meanings are quite distinct. The person who has money can \Ilend\j\b\i some (give money with the assurance that it will be returned later); the person who has no money may need to \Iborrow\j\b\i some (obtain money by giving the assurance of its return).
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\Hlength\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the distance from end to end: 'what is the \Ilength\j\b\i of this room?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality of being long: 'the \Ilength\j\b\i of the walk made us all rather tired'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they have lived here for some \Ilength\j\b\i of time' (= amount).
b) 'the electrician held out a \Ilength\j\b\i of cable' (= piece).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the body-length of a horse, boat, etc., used to judge the distance between competitors in a race.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat arm's length\j\b\i, 'she kept him \Iat arm's length\j\b\i' (= at a distance, from undue familiarity).
\Bat length\j\b\i, a) 'she described the accident \Iat length\j\b\i' (= in detail, for a long time); b) '\Iat length\j\b\i John arrived, apologising for being so late' (= after some time).
\Bgo to any lengths\j\b\i, 'he would \Igo to any lengths\j\b\i to get his own way' (= do whatever is necessary). \Blengthen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become longer; \Blengthwise\j\b\i, \Blengthways\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, in the direction of the length; \Blengthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very long.
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\Hlenient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\ini-ent \Padjective\p mild, merciful or gentle. \Bleniently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bleniency\j\b\i, \Blenience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ileniens\j\b\i softening
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\Hlens\h
\Isay\j\b\i lenz \Pnoun\p plural is \Blenses\j\b\i
any device, especially a curved piece of glass, which causes a beam of rays, such as light or an electron beam, to converge or diverge on passing through it.
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\Hlent (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blend\j\b\i.
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\HLent (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a fast of 40 days in preparation for Easter, in memory of Christ's fast in the wilderness. \BLenten\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlentil\h
\Pnoun\p the edible bean-like seed of a pod-bearing plant.
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\HLeo\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \BLion\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the fifth sign of the zodiac.
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\Hleonine\h
\Padjective\p of or like a lion.
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\Hleopard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lepp\j\b\ierd \Pnoun\p a large, flesh-eating Asian and African mammal of the cat family, usually having a tawny coat, with dark blotches. \Bleopardess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a female leopard.
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\Hleotard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-o-tard \Pnoun\p a close-fitting garment consisting of a vest, or tights and a vest in one piece, as worn by ballet- dancers. from \IJ. LΘotard\j\b\i, died 1870, a French trapeze artist
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\Hleper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lepp\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a person who suffers from leprosy.
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\Hlepidopterous\h
\Isay\j\b\i leppi-\CX1dop\j\b\ita-rus \Padjective\p relating to an order of insects, consisting of moths and butterflies, in which the adult form has four scaly, membranous wings.
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\Hleprechaun\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lep\j\b\ira-kawn \Pnoun\p \IFolklore:\j\b\i an elfin cobbler supposed to possess a crock of gold. Irish, small body
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\Hleprosy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lep\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p an infectious, bacterial disease causing changes in the skin and nerves leading, if untreated, to extensive deformities. \Bleprous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hleptospermum\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Btea-tree\j\b\i
a group of Australian trees, usually growing in exposed, coastal area and having flowers with five distinct petals around a woody capsule.
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\Hlesbian\h
\Pnoun\p a female homosexual. \Blesbianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \ILesbos\j\b\i, the Greek island home of Sappho, the ancient poet of lesbian love
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\HlΦse-majestΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i lays-\CX1maj\j\b\iestay \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i an offence against a monarch or other ruler.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) irreverence to someone who is, or thinks he is, important.
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\Hlesion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p an injury or wound, especially a scarring of internal tissue.
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\Hless\h
\Padjective\p not as much in size, amount or degree: 'we try to buy \Iless\j\b\i expensive meat to save money'.
\Bless\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
minus: 'seven \Iless\j\b\i two is five'. \Bless\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blessen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become less.
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\H-less\h
a suffix used to form \Padjective\ps from \Pnoun\ps and \Pverb\ps and meaning without, as in \Ifriendless\j\b\i.
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\Hlessee\h
\Isay\j\b\i less-\CX1ee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person to whom a lease is granted.
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\Hlesser\h
\Padjective\p smaller.
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\Hlesson\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) something to be learnt or studied: 'I have some \Ilessons\j\b\i to do tonight'. b) something which is learnt or taught: 'the accident has taught me a \Ilesson\j\b\i'. c) something from which one learns or should learn: 'let that be a \Ilesson\j\b\i to you'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a period of time in which a pupil or group of pupils is taught one particular subject: 'a maths \Ilesson\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a passage from the Bible read aloud during a religious service. \Blesson\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to reprove.
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\Hlessor\h
\Isay\j\b\i less-\CX1or\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who grants a lease.
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\Hlest\h
conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i so that it is impossible that: '\Ilest\j\b\i we forget'.
\CX12.\j\b\i that: 'she was frightened \Ilest\j\b\i the vandals should return'.
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\Hlet (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blet\j\b\i, \Bletting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to allow or permit: 'please \Ilet\j\b\i me come with you!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rent or hire: 'rooms to \Ilet\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make or cause to: 'do \Ilet\j\b\i us know your decision'.
\CX14.\j\b\i an auxiliary \Pverb\p indicating intention or suggestion: a) '\Ilet's\j\b\i go'; b) '\Ilet\j\b\i us pray'; c) '\Ilet\j\b\i him get on with it, then'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blet alone\j\b\i, 'I'm too tired to walk, \Ilet alone\j\b\i run' (= not to mention).
\Blet down\j\b\i, a) 'will you \Ilet down\j\b\i the blinds?' (= lower); b) 'he \Ilet\j\b\i us \Idown\j\b\i' (= failed).
\Blet off\j\b\i, a) 'I will \Ilet\j\b\i you \Ioff\j\b\i without punishment this time' (= excuse); b) 'he \Ilet off\j\b\i a series of crackers' (= exploded).
\Blet on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'please don't \Ilet on\j\b\i to mother about this' (= tell).
\Blet out\j\b\i, a) 'she will \Ilet out\j\b\i the secret' (= reveal); b) 'he \Ilet out\j\b\i a cry of rage' (= gave); c) 'can you \Ilet out\j\b\i this dress at the seams?' (= make larger).
\Blet up\j\b\i, 'the rain didn't \Ilet up\j\b\i for several days' (= stop).
\Blet well alone\j\b\i, to leave things as they are.
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\Hlet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a service which must be repeated because the ball has touched the net in passing.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for an obstacle or obstruction: 'without \Ilet\j\b\i or hindrance'.
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\Hletdown\h
\Pnoun\p a disappointment or failure.
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\Hlethal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-th'l \Padjective\p able to cause death. \Blethally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlethargic\h
\Isay\j\b\i le\CX1thar\j\b\i-jik \Padjective\p being sluggishly lazy or inactive. \Blethargically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blethargy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1leth\j\b\ia-jee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hletter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a written symbol or mark for a speech sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i the actual or exact words, as distinct from the general meaning: 'you must obey these instructions to the \Iletter\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a written or printed message to a person or group.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) literature as a profession or a culture: 'she is a woman of \Iletters\j\b\i'. \Bletter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to write with letters; \Blettering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of writing with letters, b) the letters used; \Blettered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) marked with letters, b) educated or cultured. Latin \Ilittera\j\b\i a letter of the alphabet
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\Hletterbox\h
\Pnoun\p a) a fixed metal container in which letters are put to be collected and delivered. b) a box or opening at a house where letters are left.
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\Hletterhead\h
\Pnoun\p a) a printed heading on writing paper giving the name, address, etc. of the sender. b) a piece of paper with this heading.
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\Hletter of credit\h
plural is \Bletters of credit\j\b\i
a letter from a bank authorising a person to withdraw up to a specified amount from its branches or agents, or from specified banks overseas.
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\Hletter-perfect\h
\Padjective\p exactly correct or accurate.
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\Hletterpress\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Brelief printing\j\b\i
the method of printing directly from raised blocks of metal type, etc.
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\Hletting\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Blet (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlettuce\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lett\j\b\iiss \Pnoun\p a large, green vegetable with many leaves forming a loose head, used in salads.
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\Hlet-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a relieving pause or cessation.
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\Hleucocyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ika-site \Pnoun\p See \Jwhite blood cell\j\b\i.
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\Hleucotomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i loo-\CX1kott\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p See \Jlobotomy\j\b\i.
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\Hleukaemia\h
\Isay\j\b\i loo-\CX1kee\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bleukemia\j\b\i
an often fatal, cancerous disease causing excess production of white blood cells. Greek \Ileukos\j\b\i white + \Ihaima\j\b\i blood
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\Hlevee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1levvi\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1lev\j\b\ivay \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal assembly of guests, usually at a palace.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a) a river bank formed by a river depositing silt layers when it is in flood. b) a constructed bank which surrounds an irrigated field or protects land from possible floodwaters.
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\Hlevel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a position, especially in relation to others: 'she was promoted to the highest \Ilevel\j\b\i of authority'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his painting is still at an amateur \Ilevel\j\b\i' (= stage).
b) 'she found her \Ilevel\j\b\i among the older members of the class' (= most suitable place).
\CX12.\j\b\i a horizontal line or position: 'tilt that shelf to bring it back to \Ilevel\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an instrument to check or indicate the horizontal.
\Bon the level\j\b\i, 'are you sure that his promise was \Ion the level\j\b\i?' (= honest).
\Blevel\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having a flat, smooth surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i being at the same height as something else.
\CX13.\j\b\i horizontal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they're \Ilevel\j\b\i in most subjects' (= equal).
\Bone's level best\j\b\i, one's utmost.
\Blevel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Blevelled, levelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become level or equal: a) 'the bricklayer \Ilevelled\j\b\i the ground before starting the wall'; b) 'the scores \Ilevelled\j\b\i at ten all'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to aim or point: 'the hijacker \Ilevelled\j\b\i a gun at the hostage'. b) to put forward: 'the police \Ilevelled\j\b\i a charge against my friend'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be honest or truthful: 'we decided it was best to \Ilevel\j\b\i with mum and dad and confess'. \Bleveller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that levels or makes even; \Blevelly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blevelness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlevel crossing\h
a place where a road crosses a railway line on the same level.
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\Hlevel-headed\h
\Padjective\p sensible or calm.
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\Hlever\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device consisting of a rigid bar pivoted on a fixed point, called the \Bfulcrum\j\b\i, and used to raise or move a weight.
\CX12.\j\b\i a handle used to operate a mechanism: 'a \Igearlever\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he used his illness as a \Ilever\j\b\i to gain sympathy' (= means).
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the action of a lever. b) the power or movement provided by a lever.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i the proportion of fixed-interest capital to share capital. \Blever\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to move with or apply a lever.
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\Hleveret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1levv\j\b\ia-rit \Pnoun\p a young hare.
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\Hleviathan\h
\Isay\j\b\i lev-\CX1eye\j\b\i-a-th'n \Pnoun\p anything which is very large, especially in the sea. after \ILeviathan\j\b\i an unidentifiable sea-monster mentioned in the Old Testament
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\Hlevi's\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-vize plural \Pnoun\p heavy-duty jeans, originally reinforced with copper studs. from the trade name \ILevi Strauss\j\b\i
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\Hlevitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i levvi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of rising into the air without physical support. \Blevitate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlevity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1levv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a light-heartedness or frivolity.
\CX11.\j\b\i to impose or collect, with the use of authority or force: 'a new tax was \Ilevied\j\b\i on alcohol'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to conscript an army. b) to make or declare (war). \Blevy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a raising or collecting, as of taxes, b) something which is raised or collected. French \Ilever\j\b\i to raise
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\Hlewd\h
\Padjective\p obscene or exciting lust. \Blewdly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blewdness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlexicography\h
\Isay\j\b\i leksi-\CX1kog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art of writing dictionaries. \Blexicographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blexicographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i leksi-ka-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Blexicographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlexicon\h
\Pnoun\p a) a dictionary, especially of ancient Greek. b) a vocabulary list. \Blexical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlexis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lek\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p all the words in a language.
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\Hliability\h
\Isay\j\b\i lie-a-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an obligation, especially a financial debt: 'the unemployed man could not meet all his \Iliabilities\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a handicap or disadvantage: 'long skirts are a \Iliability\j\b\i in wet weather'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the state of being liable or under an obligation: 'the company denied \Iliability\j\b\i for the accident'.
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\Hliable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i legally responsible: 'the company was declared \Iliable\j\b\i and had to repay all the money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i exposed or subject to: 'the coast is \Iliable\j\b\i to storms in winter'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we are all \Iliable\j\b\i to exaggerate from time to time' (= likely).
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\Hliaison\h
\Isay\j\b\i lee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p a contact, connection or communication between people, groups, etc.: 'continual \Iliaison\j\b\i between governments is essential to maintain good relationships'. \Bliaise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to maintain contact with. French
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\Hliana\h
\Isay\j\b\i lee-\CX1ah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a climbing plant or vine, especially of rain forests.
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\Hliar\h
\Pnoun\p a person who tells lies.
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\Hlibation\h
\Isay\j\b\i lie-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the pouring out of wine, etc. as a religious act in honour of a god.
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\Hlibel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-b'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a false, derogatory written, broadcast or printed statement against another person. Compare \Jslander\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any malicious or damaging statement. \Blibel\j\b\i (\Blibelled\j\b\i, \Blibelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Blibellous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blibellously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blibeller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jslander\j\b\i.
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\Hliberal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1libb\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i favouring progress, reform and individual freedom in social or political matters.
\CX12.\j\b\i generous or free in giving: 'she is very \Iliberal\j\b\i with her praise of others'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he took a \Iliberal\j\b\i serving of pie' (= large).
b) 'the play is a \Iliberal\j\b\i translation of an ancient epic poem' (= broad, general).
c) 'the school offered a \Iliberal\j\b\i education' (= comprehensive but not technical or scientific).
\Bliberal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person with liberal or tolerant views, especially in politics. \Bliberally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, freely or generously; \Bliberality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i libba-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee), \Bliberalness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bliberalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any liberal principles, especially in a political or religious movement. Latin \Iliberalis\j\b\i pertaining to a free man
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\Hliberalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1libb\j\b\ia-r'lize \Pverb\p liberalize to make or become more liberal or free: 'many people have suggested that drug laws should be \Iliberalised\j\b\i'.
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\Hliberate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1libb\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to set free. \Bliberation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bliberator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who liberates; \Bliberationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a group which seeks to liberate.
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\Hlibertine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1libb\j\b\ia-teen \Pnoun\p a person considered to be immoral or lacking restraint. Latin \Ilibertinus\j\b\i
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\Hliberty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1libb\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being neither confined nor controlled: 'she gained her \Iliberty\j\b\i after twenty years in prison'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the power or right to do as one chooses: 'our parents allowed us total \Iliberty\j\b\i at an early age'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'officers were granted certain \Iliberties\j\b\i denied to the other soldiers' (= privileges).
b) 'would it be a \Iliberty\j\b\i to ask for another drink?' (= impertinent act).
\Bat liberty\j\b\i, a) 'you are \Iat liberty\j\b\i to do as you wish' (= permitted, privileged); b) 'the prisoners were \Iat liberty\j\b\i for several days' (= out of captivity).
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\Hlibidinous\h
\Isay\j\b\i lib\CX1bidd\j\b\ii-nus \Padjective\p full of lust or desires. \Blibidinously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blibidinousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlibido\h
\Isay\j\b\i lib\CX1bee\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i the energy resulting from the instincts of the id.
\CX12.\j\b\i the vital impulse in living beings, especially sexual instinct. Latin, desire, caprice
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\HLibra\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \BBalance\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the seventh sign of the zodiac.
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\Hlibrarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i lie-\CX1brair\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person in charge of a library.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person whose profession deals with the organisation of books and other literary material in a library. \Blibrarianship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlibrary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-bra-ree \Pnoun\p a) a room or building where a collection of books is kept for people to read or borrow. b) any collection of books: 'she has a vast \Ilibrary\j\b\i of science fiction'. c) any collection of records, films, music, etc. Latin \Ilibraria\j\b\i bookseller's shop, from \Iliber\j\b\i book
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\Hlibretto\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Blibretti\j\b\i or \Blibrettos\j\b\i
the words or text of an opera. \Blibrettist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes libretti.
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\Hlice\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jlouse\j\b\i.
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\Hlicence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-sense \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Blicense\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the permission to do something, especially formal or official permission. b) a document showing this permission: 'a driving \Ilicence\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deliberate avoidance of usual rules, etc. to achieve a particular effect: 'poetic \Ilicence\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the inexperienced teacher allowed his students too much \Ilicence\j\b\i' (= unrestrained liberty).
b) 'the King's court was famous for its gambling and \Ilicence\j\b\i' (= immorality). \Blicense\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give permission or licence to; \Blicensee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person to whom a licence is given, especially one to sell alcohol; \Blicentiate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lie-\CX1sen\j\b\ishi-it), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person holding a licence to practise a particular profession. Latin \Ilicentia\j\b\i freedom, from \Ilicet\j\b\i it is permitted \Blicence, license\j\b\i. Remember that \Ilicence\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'a driver's \Ilicence\j\b\i', 'when did you get your fishing \Ilicence\j\b\i?'; whereas \Ilicense\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p: 'the detective had been \Ilicensed\j\b\i to carry a gun', 'the shop was \Ilicensed\j\b\i to stay open until 11.00 p.m.'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-ken \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a plant formed by an association of a fungus and alga, often appearing as a light green growth on tree trunks, rocks, etc.
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\Hlick\h
\Pverb\p to pass the tongue over: 'the dog \Ilicked\j\b\i the plate clean'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the flames \Ilicked\j\b\i the side of the house' (= touched lightly).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we easily \Ilicked\j\b\i the opposing team' (= defeated).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blick into shape\j\b\i, 'the sergeant swore he would \Ilick\j\b\i the new recruits \Iinto shape\j\b\i' (= put into proper form or condition).
\Blick one's lips\j\b\i, 'he \Ilicked his lips\j\b\i at the thought of all that money' (= greedily anticipated). \Blick\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a stroke of the tongue, b) a light touch; \Blicking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a thrashing or defeat.
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\Hlickety-split\h
\Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) at full speed.
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\Hlicorice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1likk\j\b\ia-riss \Ior\j\b\i \CX1likk\j\b\ia-rish \Pnoun\p See \Jliquorice\j\b\i.
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\Hlid\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any movable cover for an opening or an open vessel, either detachable or hinged.
\CX12.\j\b\i an eyelid.
\Bflip one's lid\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to lose one's temper, sanity, etc. \Blidded\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlie (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a statement known not to be true by the person who makes it.
\Bgive the lie to\j\b\i, 'her generosity \Igives the lie to\j\b\i her reputation as a miser' (= shows to be untrue). \Blie\j\b\i (\Blied\j\b\i, \Blying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make untrue statements.
to recline or rest flat on something: a) 'the book \Ilay\j\b\i on the table'; b) 'you can't \Ilie\j\b\i in bed all day'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the money \Ilay\j\b\i in the bank for ten years' (= remained).
b) 'your whole future \Ilies\j\b\i ahead of you' (= extends).
c) 'the fault \Ilies\j\b\i in the steering wheel' (= exists).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blie low\j\b\i, 'the bandits \Ilay low\j\b\i until the spring' (= hid).
\Btake lying down\j\b\i, 'he \Itakes\j\b\i anything you say to him \Ilying down\j\b\i' (= accepts without protest).
\Blie\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the position or direction in which something lies: 'the \Ilie\j\b\i of the land'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place or den where a creature lurks. See \Jlay (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlieder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-der plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Blied\j\b\i
songs or ballads. German
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\Hlie-detector\h
\Pnoun\p a device to measure pulse and breathing rates, thought to increase when a person is lying.
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\Hlief\h
\Isay\j\b\i leef \Padverb\p an old word meaning gladly or willingly: 'I would as \Ilief\j\b\i starve as give way to him'. Old English \Ileof\j\b\i dear
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\Hliege\h
\Isay\j\b\i leej \Pnoun\p an old word for a person who owes or receives homage or service.
\Bliegeman\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an old word for a person who serves, such as a subject or vassal.
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\Hlien\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\i-en \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the right to keep someone else's property until a debt due on it is paid. French
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\Hlieu\h
\Isay\j\b\i loo \Pnoun\p \Bin lieu of\j\b\i, 'I gave him my bicycle \Iin lieu of\j\b\i actual cash' (= instead of). French \Iau lieu de\j\b\i in place of
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\Hlieutenant\h
\Isay\j\b\i lef-\CX1tenn\j\b\ient \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a second lieutenant and a captain.
\CX12.\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the navy ranking between a sublieutenant and a lieutenant commander.
\CX13.\j\b\i a deputy or substitute: 'when the boss is away I act as her \Ilieutenant\j\b\i'. \Blieutenancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office of a lieutenant. French \Ilieu\j\b\i place + \Itenant\j\b\i holding
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\Hlieutenant colonel\h
a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a major and a colonel.
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\Hlieutenant commander\h
a commissioned officer in the navy ranking between a lieutenant and a commander.
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\Hlieutenant general\h
a commissioned officer in the army ranking between a general and a major general.
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\Hlife\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Blives\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the condition of growth and reproduction that distinguishes plants and animals from earth, stones, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an individual's existence: 'many \Ilives\j\b\i were lost in the earthquake'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the period of an individual's existence between birth and death: 'in my early \Ilife\j\b\i I was only interested in dance'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there is no evidence of \Ilife\j\b\i on Mars' (= living organisms).
b) 'the \Ilife\j\b\i of a sewing machine' (= period of effectiveness or usefulness).
c) 'there doesn't seem to be much \Ilife\j\b\i in this town' (= activity, interest).
d) 'these people have a very hard \Ilife\j\b\i' (= style or condition of living).
e) 'he wrote a \Ilife\j\b\i of Monroe' (= biography).
f) 'he was sentenced to \Ilife\j\b\i on Devil's Island' (= the maximum term of imprisonment).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor the life of one\j\b\i, 'I can't \Ifor the life of me\j\b\i remember her name (= no matter how hard I try).
\Bnot on your life\j\b\i, certainly not, never.
\Btake one's life in one's hands\j\b\i, to risk death.
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\Hlife assurance\h
an insurance providing payment of a specified sum of money when the person who is insured reaches a certain age or dies. Compare \Jinsurance\j\b\i.
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\Hlifebelt\h
\Pnoun\p a small buoyant belt worn to keep a person afloat in the water.
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\Hlifeblood\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1life\j\b\i-blud \Pnoun\p something which is necessary to maintain life: 'exports are this country's \Ilifeblood\j\b\i'.
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\Hlifeboat\h
\Pnoun\p a) a boat based on the coast and equipped to rescue people or vessels in trouble at sea. b) a boat carried on deck and used to abandon ship.
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\Hlifebuoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1life\j\b\i-boy \Pnoun\p a ring or other object made of buoyant material to assist a person to remain afloat in the water.
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\Hlife cycle\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i the whole span of life of an organism through its various changes of form, e.g. egg, larva, chrysalis and imago in the butterfly.
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\Hlife expectancy\h
the predictable life span according to sex, race, habitat, etc.
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\Hlifeguard\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlifesaver\j\b\i.
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\Hlife-jacket\h
\Pnoun\p a buoyant garment worn to keep a person afloat in the water.
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\Hlifeless\h
\Padjective\p a) no longer alive: 'they carried his \Ilifeless\j\b\i body away'. b) having no living things: 'the moon is \Ilifeless\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the pop group gave a \Ilifeless\j\b\i performance' (= dull, spiritless). \Blifelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blifelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlifelike\h
\Padjective\p resembling real life: 'a \Ilifelike\j\b\i portrait'. \Blifelikeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlifeline\h
\Pnoun\p a rope connecting people to each other or to an object, used in a dangerous situation such as mountain climbing or deep-sea diving.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ilifeline\j\b\i across the mountains was set up to get supplies to the refugees' (= only means of communication).
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\Hlife-preserver\h
\Pnoun\p a lifebelt or a jacket to keep a person afloat in the water.
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\Hlifer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) someone serving a life sentence of imprisonment.
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\Hlifesaver\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blifeguard\j\b\i
a person who rescues and gives first aid to swimmers in danger of drowning.
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\Hlife span\h
the usual or expected period between birth and death.
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\Hlifetime\h
\Pnoun\p the length of a person's life: 'we had seen nothing like it in our \Ilifetime\j\b\i'.
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\Hlift\h
\Pverb\p to raise something to a higher position or level: a) '\Ilift\j\b\i this box from the floor onto the table'; b) 'the new manager has \Ilifted\j\b\i production by 30 per cent'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the mist should \Ilift\j\b\i soon' (= rise).
b) 'the ban on radios in school has been \Ilifted\j\b\i' (= removed).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Ilifted\j\b\i a block of chocolate from the shop' (= stole).
d) 'our spirits \Ilifted\j\b\i when we saw the sky begin to clear' (= improved).
\Blift\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of lifting: 'give me a \Ilift\j\b\i onto the table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a box-like device for moving people or goods vertically between different levels, as in a large store.
\CX13.\j\b\i any upward force, especially that produced by air passing around an aircraft's wings.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'give me a \Ilift\j\b\i into town in your car' (= ride).
b) 'the drink gave me a well-needed \Ilift\j\b\i (= feeling of well-being). \Blifter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlift-off\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bblast-off\j\b\i
the moment at which a rocket leaves its launching pad.
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\Hligament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ligg\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting parts of the body such as bone joints. Latin \Iligare\j\b\i to bind
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\Hligature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ligg\j\b\ia-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a thread used for tying blood vessels. b) any material used for tying or binding, such as a bandage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pair of letters cast in one piece of type, such as ▀, [***ff].
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\Hlight (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the medium which makes things visible, such as the radiance from the sun. b) any of various objects or devices for making things visible: 'an electric \Ilight\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the form of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of about 10{\up6 12\j\b\i Hz, to which the human eye is sensitive. Photographic materials may be sensitive to the frequencies immediately above (\Bultraviolet\j\b\i) or below (\Binfra-red\j\b\i) the visible range.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ilight\j\b\i had not yet died out of the old woman's eyes' (= brightness).
b) 'now I see things in a new \Ilight\j\b\i' (= aspect).
c) 'this child is our brightest \Ilight\j\b\i' (= example, inspiration).
d) 'try to get home while it's still \Ilight\j\b\i' (= daylight).
e) the \Ilights\j\b\i changed when I was halfway across' (= traffic lights).
f) 'I need a \Ilight\j\b\i for the gas' (= match, flame).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome to light\j\b\i, 'new information has \Icome to light\j\b\i' (= been revealed).
\Bin the light of\j\b\i, '\Iin the light of\j\b\i your previous good behaviour, we shall let you off this time' (because of).
\Bsee the light\j\b\i, 'it was years before I \Isaw the light\j\b\i' (= realised the truth).
\Bthrow light on\j\b\i, 'perhaps you can \Ithrow light on\j\b\i this mystery' (= help to solve).
\Blight\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) well supplied with light: 'the room is very \Ilight\j\b\i with the blinds up' b) pale: 'the curtains are \Ilight\j\b\i green'.
\Blight\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Blit\j\b\i or \Blighted\j\b\i, \Blighting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to give light to: a) 'the fire \Ilit\j\b\i the whole room'; b) 'the moon will \Ilight\j\b\i your way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to kindle or set burning.
\Blight up\j\b\i, 'his face \Ilit up\j\b\i in a huge grin' (= brightened). \Blightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlight (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having little weight or not heavy.
\CX12.\j\b\i not strong in force or intensity: a) 'a \Ilight\j\b\i rain fell'; b) 'he has a \Ilight\j\b\i sleep after lunch'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is very \Ilight\j\b\i on her feet' (= nimble, agile).
b) 'here is some \Ilight\j\b\i reading for the trip' (= not serious, easy).
c) 'she gave a \Ilight\j\b\i laugh' (= carefree).
d) 'the grocer has given me three oranges \Ilight\j\b\i' (= short).
e) 'my head feels very \Ilight\j\b\i this morning' (= dizzy).
\CX13.\j\b\i producing goods relatively easy to manufacture and ready for immediate consumption when finished: '\Ilight\j\b\i industry'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of food) having a lower content of fat, salt, sugar, etc. or being paler in colour or less intense in taste than the usual.
\Bmake light of\j\b\i, to treat or consider as of little importance.
\Blight\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\Btravel light\j\b\i, to travel with a minimum of luggage. \Blightly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlight (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blighted\j\b\i or \Blit\j\b\i, \Blighting\j\b\i)
to come across by chance or accident: 'to \Ilight\j\b\i upon a clue'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blight into\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attack.
\Blight out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to depart hastily.
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\Hlighten (1)\h
\Pverb\p to make or become less dark: 'the dawn \Ilightened\j\b\i the sky'.
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\Hlighten (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make or become less heavy.
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\Hlighter (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a mechanical device for lighting cigarettes, cigars, etc.
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\Hlighter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a barge used especially for loading and unloading ships.
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\Hlight-fingered\h
\Padjective\p skilful with the fingers, especially at thieving or picking pockets.
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\Hlight-headed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not thoughtful or serious: 'only a \Ilight-headed\j\b\i person laughs at good advice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i dizzy or drunk: 'we felt \Ilight-headed\j\b\i after the roller-coaster ride'. \Blight-headedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blight-headedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlight-hearted\h
\Padjective\p cheerful or carefree. \Blight-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blight-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlighthouse\h
\Pnoun\p a tower, clearly seen from the sea, with a strong light to guide ships, etc.
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\Hlighting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of igniting or illuminating: 'hurry up or you'll miss the \Ilighting\j\b\i of the bonfire'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an arrangement of lights: 'the \Ilighting\j\b\i of the play produced good effects'.
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\Hlight meter\h
\IPhotography:\j\b\i See \Jexposure meter\j\b\i under \Bexposure\j\b\i.
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\Hlightness (1)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlight (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlightness (2)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlight (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlightning\h
\Pnoun\p a brilliant flash of light in the sky caused by the discharge of natural electricity. \Blightning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, extremely fast.
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\Hlightning arrester\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a device protecting electrical equipment, e.g. telephone lines, by reducing the high voltage surges from lightning strikes.
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\Hlightning conductor\h
a metal rod or wire attached to a building, to protect it from lightning damage by earthing it.
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\Hlight pen\h
a) a device which transmits information from a bar code into a computer. b) an instrument which can draw and move images on a special visual display unit.
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\Hlight relief\h
also called \Bcomic relief\j\b\i
\ITheatre:\j\b\i an amusing or light-hearted interlude during a serious play, to reduce the tension.
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\Hlights\h
plural \Pnoun\p the butcher's name for the lungs of sheep or pigs.
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\Hlightship\h
\Pnoun\p a ship with bright lights, anchored in one place to help guide other vessels.
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\Hlightweight\h
\Padjective\p having little weight.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I only have some \Ilightweight\j\b\i objections to your plan' (= minor).
\Blightweight\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a weight division in boxing, equal to about 60 kg.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person of little influence or importance.
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\Hlight-year\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of length used in astronomy, equal to about 9.46 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 15\j\b\i m, being the distance that light travels in one year.
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\Hligneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lig\j\b\ini-us \Padjective\p woody. Latin \Ilignum\j\b\i wood
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\Hlignin\h
\Pnoun\p an organic substance which, with cellulose, forms the main part of wood and is usually present in cell walls.
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\Hlignite\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbrown coal\j\b\i.
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\Hlike (1)\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i in the same way as or having a close resemblance to: a) 'it grew \Ilike\j\b\i a weed'; b) 'she is \Ilike\j\b\i her mother'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to introduce emphasis, etc: 'it rained \Ilike\j\b\i anything'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it would be just \Ilike\j\b\i her to do that' (= typical of).
b) 'things \Ilike\j\b\i tables and chairs are needed' (= such as).
c) 'it seems \Ilike\j\b\i an excellent idea' (= probably).
d) 'right now I feel \Ilike\j\b\i a good meal' (= as though I need).
\Blike\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a match or equal: 'I've never heard the \Ilike\j\b\i of such language before'.
\Bthe like\j\b\i, 'tables, chairs and \Ithe like\j\b\i' (= similar things).
\Blike\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
similar in form or character: 'the two machines perform \Ilike\j\b\i functions'.
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\Hlike (2)\h
\Pverb\p to be fond of or find agreeable: 'I should \Ilike\j\b\i to go now'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'come whenever you \Ilike\j\b\i' (= wish). \Blike\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a preference or something of which one is fond; \Blikable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1like\j\b\i-a-b'l), \Blikeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, easily liked.
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\H-like\h
a suffix indicating a similarity to, as in \Ichildlike\j\b\i.
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\Hlikely\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i probable: 'it is \Ilikely\j\b\i that it will rain this evening'.
\CX12.\j\b\i suitable or reasonable: 'this is a \Ilikely\j\b\i spot for catching fish'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is one of our most \Ilikely\j\b\i students' (= promising).
\Ba likely story!\j\b\i, a sarcastic expression of disbelief.
\Blikely\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
probably: 'I shall very \Ilikely\j\b\i be there'. \Blikelihood\j\b\i, \Blikeliness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, probability.
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\Hliken\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-k'n \Pverb\p an old word meaning to compare: 'he \Ilikened\j\b\i his house to a palace'.
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\Hlikeness\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a resemblance: 'there is a close \Ilikeness\j\b\i between the brothers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word meaning a portrait.
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\Hlikewise\h
\Padverb\p a) also or as well: 'the boys behaved badly and \Ilikewise\j\b\i the girls'. b) in the same way: 'you've seen how I did it, now go and do \Ilikewise\j\b\i'.
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\Hliking\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1like\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p a feeling of attraction or a preference.
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\Hlilac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-lak \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light purple colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deciduous garden shrub with spikes of fragrant purple or white flowers. \Blilac\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Persian \Ililak\j\b\i bluish
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\Hlilli-pilli\h
\Pnoun\p a tall Australian tree with pointed, shiny leaves and white or purple fruit. Aboriginal
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\HLilliputian\h
\Isay\j\b\i lilli-\CX1pew\j\b\i-sh'n \Padjective\p diminutive or minuscule. after the minute inhabitants of \ILilliput\j\b\i, in 'Gulliver's Travels' by Jonathan Swift
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\Hlilt\h
\Pnoun\p a pleasant, rhythmic change in pitch in a voice, tune, etc.: 'he still speaks with an Irish \Ililt\j\b\i'. \Blilt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to sing, speak, etc., with a lilt.
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\Hlily\h
\Isay\j\b\i lillee \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants with trumpet-shaped flowers of various colours, growing from a bulb.
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\Hlily-livered\h
\Padjective\p cowardly.
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\Hlily-of-the-valley\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Blilies-of-the-valley\j\b\i
a small stemless plant with many white, bell-shaped, fragrant flowers, growing from a rhizome.
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\Hlimb\h
\Isay\j\b\i lim \Pnoun\p a) a leg, arm or wing of an animal. b) any part which projects or extends, such as the branch of a tree.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this office is a \Ilimb\j\b\i of the parent company' (= extension).
\Bout on a limb\j\b\i, isolated in an awkward predicament from which there is no going back.
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\Hlimber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lim\j\b\iba \Padjective\p supple or lithe.
\Blimber\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Blimber up\j\b\i, 'come into the gym and \Ilimber up\j\b\i' (= do exercises, etc.)
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\Hlimbo\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the place on the edge of hell, formerly designated as suitable for the souls of the just who lived before Christ, and for those of unbaptised infants.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'like many another deposed military dictator he now lives in \Ilimbo\j\b\i' (= oblivion). Latin \Ilimbus\j\b\i border or edge
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\Hlime (1)\h
\Pnoun\p calcium oxide, a white powder (formula CaO), used in cements, mortars, making other calcium compounds and as a fertiliser in soil. \Blime\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to add lime to soil as a fertiliser.
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\Hlime (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small green citrus fruit, similar to a lemon but with a sweeter taste.
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\Hlimelight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the glare of publicity: 'the pop group will do anything to stay in the \Ilimelight\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the brilliant white light used in stage lighting.
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\Hlimerick\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1limm\j\b\ia-rik \Pnoun\p a five-line nonsense verse with strict rules of metre and rhyme, as in:
There was a young man of Calcutta
Who had a most terrible stutter.
He said p. p. please
Pass the ch. ch. ch. cheese
And the b. b. b. b. b. b. butter. from an Irish chorus, 'will you come up to \ILimerick\j\b\i?'
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\Hlimestone\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate, often formed from the shells and skeletons of organisms.
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\Hlime tree\h
also called a \Blinden\j\b\i
a deciduous tree with smooth, heart-shaped leaves and fragrant, yellow flowers, but not bearing fruit.
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\Hlimewater\h
\Pnoun\p a clear solution of calcium hydroxide (formula Ca(OH)\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i) in water. It becomes milky on contact with carbon dioxide.
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\Hlimey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) an English person. from the former use of \Ilimes\j\b\i on British ships to prevent scurvy
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\Hlimit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the furthest point that is possible or allowable: a) 'there is a \Ilimit\j\b\i to what we may spend'; b) 'what is the \Ispeed-limit\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a boundary: 'this is the \Ilimit\j\b\i of my land'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Boff limits\j\b\i, forbidden to military personnel except on official business.
\Bthe limit\j\b\i, 'that child down the road is really \Ithe limit\j\b\i' (= an intolerable person).
\Blimit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to restrict by imposing a limit: 'I \Ilimit\j\b\i you to three chocolates each'. \Blimitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of limiting, b) a restriction or shortcoming.
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\Hlimited\h
\Padjective\p confined or restricted: a) 'the work must be done in a \Ilimited\j\b\i time'; b) 'I feel very \Ilimited\j\b\i having to live in a tent'.
\Blimited liability company\j\b\i, \Blimited company\j\b\i, a company in which the liability of the owners (the shareholders) is limited to the face value of their shares. \Blimitedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlimousine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1limm\j\b\ia-zeen \Pnoun\p any large, luxurious car, especially if driven by a chauffeur.
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\Hlimp (1)\h
\Pverb\p to walk lamely or unevenly: 'the injured dog \Ilimped\j\b\i across the road'. \Blimp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lame walk; \Blimpingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlimp (2)\h
\Padjective\p not stiff or firm: 'this old celery is very \Ilimp\j\b\i'. \Blimply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blimpness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlimpet\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of marine snails with a flat, conical shell which is open underneath.
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\Hlimpid\h
\Padjective\p clear or transparent. \Blimpidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blimpidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lim\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlinchpin\h
\Pnoun\p lynchpin \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that is essential to success.
\CX12.\j\b\i a metal peg in an axle which keeps a cart-wheel in its place.
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\Hlinctus\h
\Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a syrup which soothes throat or chest irritations.
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\Hlinden\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlime tree\j\b\i.
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\Hline (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long narrow mark made on a surface: 'he drew a \Iline\j\b\i right across the page'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a row: 'a \Iline\j\b\i of trees'. b) a single row of words in a poem.
\CX13.\j\b\i a length of cord, wire, rope, etc.: a) 'a telephone \Iline\j\b\i'; b) 'a clothes \Iline\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a path cut through bush to indicate a future road alignment, land boundary, etc.; a survey line. b) transferred as a road or street name in many localities: 'White's \ILine\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her face had deep \Ilines\j\b\i of worry' (= wrinkles).
b) 'what \Iline\j\b\i are you in?' (= work, business).
c) 'he supports a conservative \Iline\j\b\i' (= policy).
d) 'this old church has splendid \Ilines\j\b\i' (= outward shape).
e) 'she forgot her \Ilines\j\b\i in the play' (= speech).
f) 'the major inspected the \Ilines\j\b\i at dawn' (= troops in formation).
g) 'I was thinking along the same \Ilines\j\b\i as you' (= courses of thought).
h) 'they sell groceries and other food \Ilines\j\b\i' (= goods).
i) 'the shipping \Iline\j\b\i is on strike' (= company).
j) 'drop me a \Iline\j\b\i while you are away' (= note, short letter).
k) 'they slipped behind the enemy \Iline\j\b\i at nightfall' (= position).
l) 'that salesperson has a good \Iline\j\b\i' (= approach).
m) 'after that the family \Iline\j\b\i died out' (= lineage).
n) 'the work was conceived along heroic \Ilines\j\b\i' (= plan of execution, construction, etc.).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbring into line\j\b\i, 'I shall have to \Ibring\j\b\i you \Iinto line\j\b\i' (= make conform).
\Bdraw the line at\j\b\i, 'I \Idraw the line at\j\b\i washing the dishes as well as cooking' (= refuse).
\Bread between the lines\j\b\i, to discover the real meaning in what a person writes or says.
\Btoe the line\j\b\i, See \Jtoe\j\b\i.
\Bthe line\j\b\i, the equator.
\Bline\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to mark or trace with lines. b) to form a row.
\Bline up\j\b\i, a) to form or take position in a row; b) 'whom have you \Ilined up\j\b\i to take to the party?' (= arranged, organised).
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\Hline (2)\h
\Pverb\p to cover the inner side of something: 'the coat was \Ilined\j\b\i with fur'.
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\Hlineage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\iee-ij \Pnoun\p a) ancestry or descent: 'she is of noble \Ilineage\j\b\i'. b) any persons in a line of descent from a common ancestor. \Blineal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\iee-ul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, in the direct line of descent.
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\Hlineament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\iia-m'nt \Pnoun\p a distinctive feature or characteristic.
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\Hlinear\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) pertaining to lines or length: 'a metre is a \Ilinear\j\b\i measure'. b) arranged in a line: 'a \Ilinear\j\b\i sequence'.
\IMaths:\j\b\i a) of the first degree. b) having the properties of a line. \Blinearly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blineate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, marked with lines.
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\Hlinen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p a) a yarn or fabric made from flax. b) clothes or other articles, such as sheets, made from linen.
\Bwash one's dirty linen in public\j\b\i, 'we don't want to \Iwash our dirty linen in public\j\b\i' (= let everyone know our discreditable secrets).
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\Hliner\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1line\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a large passenger ship.
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\Hline-up\h
\Pnoun\p an arrangement of people or things in a line, for inspection, participation in a game, etc.
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\Hling\h
\Pnoun\p a type of Northern Hemisphere fish used as food.
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\Hlinger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ling\j\b\i-ga \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remain or be unwilling to leave: 'you can't \Ilinger\j\b\i here after hours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dawdle: 'to \Ilinger\j\b\i along the way'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to continue only weakly: 'the old man's hope \Ilingered\j\b\i on for a few more days'. \Blingering\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, long, protracted; \Blingeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ling\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a language, especially one which you don't understand: 'I would like to visit France but I can't speak the \Ilingo\j\b\i'. from \Blingua franca\j\b\i
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\Hlingua franca\h
\Isay\j\b\i ling-wa \CX1frank\j\b\ia any language, such as pidgin English, known by and used between people of different nations as a general medium of communication.
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\Hlingual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ling\j\b\i-w'l \Padjective\p a) of or relating to the tongue. b) of or relating to languages. Latin \Ilingua\j\b\i tongue
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\Hlinguist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ling\j\b\i-wist \Pnoun\p a) one who studies languages or linguistics. b) one who speaks foreign languages.
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the science and study of language. \Blinguistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to language.
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\Hliniment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1linn\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p any liquid, usually an oil, used to rub into the skin for sprains, etc. Latin \Ilinere\j\b\i to anoint
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\Hlining\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-ning \Pnoun\p a layer of material on the inside of something: 'the coat's \Ilining\j\b\i was made of fur'.
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\Hlink\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loop or ring forming part of a chain.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which forms part of a connected series: 'you've discovered the weak \Ilink\j\b\i in his argument'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any bond or connection: 'the \Ilink\j\b\i between music and art'. \Blink\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to join; \Blink-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a connection.
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\Hlinkage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1link\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of linking.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the association of two or more hereditary characters due to the association of their genes on the same chromosome. The nearer the genes are to each other the closer the linkage.
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\Hlinks\h
plural \Pnoun\p golf links.
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\Hlinnet\h
\Pnoun\p a European songbird related to the finch.
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\Hlinocut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-no-kut \Pnoun\p a print made by cutting a design into a sheet of linoleum.
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\Hlinoleum\h
\Isay\j\b\i lin-\CX1o\j\b\i-lee-um \Pnoun\p short form is \Blino\j\b\i
a smooth, strong floor covering made of canvas treated with cork, oil and colouring. Latin \Ilinum\j\b\i flax + \Ioleum\j\b\i oil
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\Hlinotype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-no-tipe \Pnoun\p a printing machine which composes type in solid lines (called slugs), in diminishing use in printing newspapers. a trademark, for \Iline of type\j\b\i
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\Hlinseed\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lin\j\b\i-seed \Pnoun\p the seed of flax, from which oil is obtained.
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\Hlint\h
\Pnoun\p a) a soft material made from linen, used for covering wounds, etc. b) any bits of thread or fluff.
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\Hlintel\h
\Pnoun\p a horizontal support over a door or window.
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\Hlion\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, flesh-eating Asian and African mammal of the cat family, the male having a shaggy mane around its neck and shoulders.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jleo\j\b\i.
\Blion's share\j\b\i, 'John always grabs the \Ilion's share\j\b\i of the cake' (= largest portion). \Blioness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a female lion; \Blionise\j\b\i, \Blionize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to treat as a celebrity.
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\Hlion-hearted\h
\Padjective\p brave or fearless.
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\Hlip\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two fleshy parts forming the front of the mouth.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a lip: 'the \Ilip\j\b\i of a milk jug'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) impudence: 'that's enough of your \Ilip\j\b\i'.
\Bstiff upper lip\j\b\i, 'keep a \Istiff upper lip\j\b\i' (= show of fortitude). \Blip\j\b\i (\Blipped\j\b\i, \Blipping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, (Golf) to hit the ball around the rim of the hole.
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\Hlipid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lip\j\b\i-id \Pnoun\p any fat, especially one which cannot be dissolved in water.
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\Hliposuction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-po-suction \Pnoun\p \IMedical:\j\b\i a surgical process involving the removal of unwanted body fat by means of vacuum suction.
to make or become liquid. \Bliquefaction\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i likwi-\CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bliquefier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hliquescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i lik-\CX1wess\j\b\ient \Padjective\p melting or becoming liquid. \Bliquescence\j\b\i, \Bliquescency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hliqueur\h
\Isay\j\b\i lik-\CX1ew\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p a strong, sweet, alcoholic drink, usually drunk from a small glass after meals.
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\Hliquid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lik\j\b\i-wid \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a substance with a definite volume but taking the shape of the space in which it is kept. Compare \Jgas\j\b\i and \Bsolid\j\b\i.
\Bliquid\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or in the form of a liquid: '\Iliquid\j\b\i food'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the dancer's movements were \Iliquid\j\b\i and graceful' (= flowing).
b) 'her \Iliquid\j\b\i voice filled the small room' (= smooth and clear).
c) 'the cow stared out of large, \Iliquid\j\b\i eyes' (= shining, bright).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i able to be easily exchanged for cash: '\Iliquid\j\b\i assets'. \Bliquidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bliquidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bliquidise\j\b\i, \Bliquidize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hliquidate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lik\j\b\iwi-date \Pverb\p a) to pay or settle a debt. b) to conclude the dealings of a business by using the assets to pay the debts.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an assassin was hired to \Iliquidate\j\b\i the gang's enemies' (= murder). \Bliquidation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bliquidator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person appointed to conclude the dealings of a company.
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\Hliquid crystal\h
a murky liquid which darkens when electromagnetically charged.
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\Hliquid crystal display\h
short form is \BLCD\j\b\i
the use of liquid crystal in certain computer and other display screens to show text and graphics.
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\Hliquidity\h
\Isay\j\b\i lik-\CX1widd\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the state of having cash or assets which may be easily exchanged for cash.
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\Hliquid petroleum gas\h
a mixture of gaseous products of petroleum refining, mainly propane and butane, stored under pressure and used as fuel.
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\Hliquify\h
\Pverb\p See \Jliquefy\j\b\i.
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\Hliquor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1likk\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any alcoholic drink, especially one made by distillation rather than fermentation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a solution of a substance in water or alcohol.
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\Hliquorice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1likk\j\b\ia-riss \Ior\j\b\i \CX1likk\j\b\ia-rish \Pnoun\p also spelt \Blicorice\j\b\i
a) a plant found in Europe and Asia, with blue flowers and a sweet, flavoured root. b) the dried root, used to make sweets or flavouring. Greek \Iglykys\j\b\i sweet + \Irhiza\j\b\i root
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\Hlira\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1leer\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p plural is \Blire\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1leer\j\b\ii)
the main unit of money in Italy.
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\Hlisle\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i pile \Pnoun\p a fine, smooth twisted cotton thread, formerly used to make stockings, etc.
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\Hlisp\h
\Pnoun\p a speech defect in which 's' and 'z' are \Ppronoun\pced as 'th'. \Blisp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlissom\h
\Padjective\p also spelt \Blissome\j\b\i
supple or graceful. \Blissomness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlist (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a number of things, such as names or numbers, set down or stated one after the other: 'I must make a \Ilist\j\b\i of things to buy'.
\Blist price\j\b\i
the price of an article as shown in a catalogue. \Blist\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or put on a list.
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\Hlist (2)\h
\Pverb\p (of a ship) to lean over to one side. \Blist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlist (3)\h
\Pverb\p an old word for listen.
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\Hlisten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1liss\j\b\ien \Pverb\p to pay attention to sound: 'we \Ilistened\j\b\i to the speech with great interest'.
\Blisten in\j\b\i, a) to eavesdrop; b) to listen to a broadcast. \Blistener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who listens, especially to radio.
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\Hlistless\h
\Padjective\p having no energy or interest: 'a \Ilistless\j\b\i reply'. \Blistlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blistlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlit (1)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blight (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlit (2)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Blight (3)\j\b\i.
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\Hlitany\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a form of prayer consisting of a series of petitions said by the clergy, to which the congregation repeats a set response.
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\Hliter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a litre.
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\Hliteral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p corresponding exactly to the original: 'this is a \Iliteral\j\b\i translation of the French play'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she claims that her story was the \Iliteral\j\b\i truth' (= accurate, exact).
b) 'he has a very \Iliteral\j\b\i mind' (= matter-of-fact). \Bliteral\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a misprint; \Bliterally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bliteralness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ilittera\j\b\i letter of the alphabet
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\Hliterary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\iera-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to books or literature: 'he has turned from art to \Iliterary\j\b\i criticism'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a knowledge of or fondness for literature.
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\Hliterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p able to read and write. \Bliteracy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\iera-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being literate.
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\Hliterati\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the class of learned people, especially authors, literary critics and academics.
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\Hliterature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\iera-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any or all written works, especially those exhibiting creative imagination or artistic skill. b) poetry, fiction, essays, etc. as distinct from factual, journalistic or expository writing.
\CX12.\j\b\i any printed material on a particular subject: 'travel \Iliterature\j\b\i'.
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\Hlithe\h
\Isay\j\b\i li\Ith\j\b\ie \Padjective\p able to move or bend with ease. \Blithely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blitheness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlithium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 3, a metal, the lightest known solid, used in alloys to make glass and ceramics. See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i.
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\Hlithograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lith\j\b\io-graf \Pnoun\p a print, especially a picture, produced by drawing on a flat, specially prepared stone or metal surface from which ink impressions are taken. \Blithography\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i lith-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or practice of producing lithographs; \Blithographic\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i litho-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blithographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ilithos\j\b\i stone + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hlitigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p \ILaw:\j\b\i to conduct a dispute before a court of law. \Blitigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blitigant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person taking part in a law case; \Blitigious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lit-\CX1ij\j\b\i-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or excessively fond of legal disputes. Latin \Ilitigare\j\b\i to go to law
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\Hlitmus\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a soluble substance obtained from lichens, which turns red in acids and blue in alkalis, and is used as an indicator, usually in the form of paper.
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\Hlitre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a metric unit of volume for liquids.
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\Hlitter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any rubbish or untidy mess, especially when left in a public place.
\CX12.\j\b\i a number of offspring produced at one birth: 'a \Ilitter\j\b\i of puppies'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a stretcher. b) a vehicle consisting of a couch mounted on a frame, often with a canopy, carried on poles by men or animals. \Blitter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to scatter objects or rubbish untidily; \Blitterbug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who litters public places, roads, etc. \Blitter\j\b\i is originally derived from Latin \Ilectus\j\b\i (a bed), as is \Ilit\j\b\i, the French bed. \ILitter\j\b\i came to describe a portable bed, that is, a stretcher, although this use is now archaic. The modern meaning of rubbish came from the fact that straw used to be spread over the floor as bedding.
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\Hlittle\h
\Padjective\p (\Blittler\j\b\i, \Blittlest\j\b\i; \Bless\j\b\i or \Blesser\j\b\i, \Bleast\j\b\i)
small: 'what a cosy \Ilittle\j\b\i room!'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she should be here in a \Ilittle\j\b\i while' (= short).
b) 'we lived in the country when I was \Ilittle\j\b\i' (= a child).
c) 'I will tell you all the \Ilittle\j\b\i details later' (= petty, trivial).
\Blittle\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(\Bless\j\b\i, \Bleast\j\b\i)
not much: 'we slept \Ilittle\j\b\i on the exciting journey'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Ilittle\j\b\i did she know that the train had left early' (not at all).
\Blittle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small amount: 'may I have a \Ilittle\j\b\i of your cake?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the sun rose a \Ilittle\j\b\i after 5 o'clock' (= short time).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake little of\j\b\i, 'the teacher could \Imake little of\j\b\i the essay' (= not understand).
\Bthink little of\j\b\i, to treat or regard as unimportant. \Blittleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlittle end\h
short form of \Blittle end bearing\j\b\i
the end of a connecting rod, attached by a gudgeon pin to a piston in internal combustion engines.
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\Hlittoral\h
\Pnoun\p the coast or seashore. \Blittoral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ilitoris\j\b\i of the seashore
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\Hliturgy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1litt\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the ritual of public worship. \Bliturgical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lee-\CX1ter\j\b\iji-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlive (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i liv \Pverb\p to have life: 'how long do dogs usually \Ilive\j\b\i?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that sight will \Ilive\j\b\i in my memory' (= remain, continue).
b) 'where do you \Ilive\j\b\i now?' (= have your home).
c) 'the survivors \Ilived\j\b\i on berries and grasses' (= fed themselves).
d) 'how can you \Ilive\j\b\i on such a small income?' (= get by).
e) 'he \Ilives\j\b\i according to his own standards' (= acts).
f) 'you haven't \Ilived\j\b\i until you have travelled' (= had a full experience).
g) 'she really \Ilives\j\b\i her beliefs' (= puts into practice in her life).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blive down\j\b\i, 'how can I \Ilive down\j\b\i such a terrible failure?' (= cause to be forgotten).
\Blive it up\j\b\i, 'they \Ilived it up\j\b\i for three years until the money ran out' (= had an exciting or carefree time).
\Blive up to\j\b\i, 'you must \Ilive up to\j\b\i your reputation' (= act according to). \Blivable\j\b\i, \Bliveable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) suitable for living in, b) able to be endured.
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\Hlive (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i live \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i living or having life: '\Ilive\j\b\i animals'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'be careful not to touch those \Ilive\j\b\i coals' (= burning).
b) 'the election is no longer a \Ilive\j\b\i issue' (= interesting, current).
c) 'there are \Ilive\j\b\i bullets in that rifle' (= unexploded).
d) 'the group will give three \Ilive\j\b\i concerts' (= in person, not filmed or pre-recorded).
e) 'she got an electric shock from a \Ilive\j\b\i wire' (= electrically charged).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRadio, television:\j\b\i being broadcast at the same time as it is made: 'a \Ilive\j\b\i interview'. Compare \Jcanned\j\b\i under \Bcan (2)\j\b\i. \Blive\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (of a radio or television programme) at the time of its happening.
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\Hlivelihood\h
\Pnoun\p the means of maintaining or earning the money to live: 'fishing is not a very good \Ilivelihood\j\b\i, is it?'.
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\Hlivelong\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1liv\j\b\i-long \Padjective\p whole or complete: 'she sang and played the \Ilivelong\j\b\i day'.
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\Hlively\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1live\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p full of energy or spirit: 'that's a very \Ilively\j\b\i song'. \Blively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, vigorously; \Bliveliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hliven\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-ven \Pverb\p to make or become more lively, cheerful, etc.
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\Hliver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1livv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large, dark red organ in the abdomen, which produces bile, removes wastes from the blood and controls the use of digested food.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark, reddish-brown colour. \Bliver\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hliver fluke\h
a parasitic tapeworm which lives in the bile ducts of sheep, cows, pigs and sometimes man.
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\Hliverish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1livv\j\b\ia-rish \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a disorder of the liver.
\CX12.\j\b\i disagreeable or bad-tempered.
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\Hliverwort\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1livv\j\b\ia-wort \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any of a group of small, green, moss-like plants growing in damp areas.
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\Hlivery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1livv\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the distinctive clothes, emblems or uniform worn by a particular group, as those formerly worn by the servants of a feudal noble's house.
\CX12.\j\b\i the care and feeding of horses for money. Old French \IlivrΘe\j\b\i a gift of clothes from a master to a servant
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\Hlivery stable\h
a place where horses and vehicles are looked after and hired out for money. \Bliveryman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who works in a livery stable.
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\Hlives\h
\Pnoun\p the plural of \Blife\j\b\i.
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\Hlivestock\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1live\j\b\i-stok \Pnoun\p short form is \Bstock\j\b\i
all the horses, cattle, sheep, etc. kept on a farm.
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\Hlivewire\h
an energetic or vivacious person.
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\Hlivid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1livv\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a discoloured or bluish area, such as a bruise.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very angry.
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\Hliving\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1liv\j\b\i-ing \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having life: 'a \Iliving\j\b\i being'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or used for living: 'a \Iliving\j\b\i allowance was provided for many students'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is one of the greatest poets in \Iliving\j\b\i memory' (= current).
b) 'is Christianity still a \Iliving\j\b\i faith?' (= active).
c) 'is Latin still a \Iliving\j\b\i language?' (= in use, existent).
d) 'that picture is the \Iliving\j\b\i image of him' (= lifelike, real).
\Bliving\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the manner or condition of life: 'city \Iliving\j\b\i creates many pressures'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a livelihood: 'how do you earn your \Iliving\j\b\i?'.
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\Hliving room\h
also called a \Blounge\j\b\i or a \Bsitting room\j\b\i
a room in a house used by members of a family for relaxing, entertaining, etc.
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\Hlizard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lizz\j\b\iud \Pnoun\p any of various small to medium-sized reptiles, usually having four legs, slender bodies and long tails.
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\Hllama\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lah\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p a camel-like, South American mammal, valued for its thick fleecy wool and its use as a pack animal. See \Jguanaco\j\b\i. Spanish
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\Hlo\h
interjection an old word meaning look.
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\Hload\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an object, weight or quantity which is carried or supported.
\IUsages\j\b\i
a) 'she has taken a \Iload\j\b\i off my mind' (= burden).
b) 'looking after five young children puts a big \Iload\j\b\i on you' (= responsibility).
c) 'we all ate \Iloads\j\b\i of food at the party' (= a lot, a large amount).
\CX12.\j\b\i the resistance overcome by an engine.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i the power demand made upon an electrical device.
\Bget a load of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to listen to or look at.
\Bload\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put a load or weight on: 'they \Iloaded\j\b\i the truck with crates of fruit'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the soldiers all \Iloaded\j\b\i their guns at once' (= filled with ammunition).
b) 'grandmother \Iloaded\j\b\i us with presents' (= oversupplied).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IInsurance:\j\b\i to add to the normal premium in a case where the risk is considered to be above average.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to put a program or data into a computer.
\Bload the dice\j\b\i, a) to make dice heavier on one side so that they will often land in a certain way; b) to place in a particularly favourable or unfavourable position. \Bloading\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of a person or thing that loads, b) something which is added on, such as an additional charge on an insurance premium; \Bloader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloaded\h
\Padjective\p carrying a load.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you can see by their expensive car that they are \Iloaded\j\b\i' (= very rich).
b) 'a \Iloaded\j\b\i gun lay beside the hunter's tent' (= filled with ammunition).
c) 'you can't expect me to answer such a \Iloaded\j\b\i question' (= unfair, biased).
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\Hloadstar\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlodestar\j\b\i.
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\Hloadstone\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlodestone\j\b\i.
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\Hloaf (1)\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bloaves\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a shaped, baked mass of bread.
\CX12.\j\b\i any shaped block or mass of food: 'a \Iloaf\j\b\i of sugar'.
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\Hloaf (2)\h
\Pverb\p to be lazy or idle. \Bloafer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lazy or idle person.
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\Hloam\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i home \Pnoun\p a type of soil containing clay, sand and organic matter, usually very fertile. \Bloamy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hloan\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of lending: 'your \Iloan\j\b\i of money was very much appreciated'. b) anything which is lent, especially a sum of money at a fixed rate of interest. See \Jlend\j\b\i.
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\Hloan shark\h
a person or company that lends money at extremely high interest rates.
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\Hloath\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i oath \Padjective\p also spelt \Bloth\j\b\i
unwilling or reluctant.
\Bnothing loath\j\b\i, very willingly. Old English \Ilath\j\b\i hateful
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\Hloathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i loa\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p to feel intense hatred and disgust for. \Bloathing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an intense hatred and disgust; \Bloathingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bloathsome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, hateful and disgusting.
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\Hloaves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jloaf (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlob\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i the slow, rising, curved flight of a ball hit high in the air. \Blob\j\b\i (\Blobbed\j\b\i, \Blobbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlobby\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an entrance hall in a building.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of persons who try to influence or persuade a law-making body: 'the environmentalists' \Ilobby\j\b\i'. \Blobby\j\b\i (\Blobbied\j\b\i, \Blobbying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to try to influence or gain advantage from a law-making body; \Blobbyist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlobe\h
\Pnoun\p a rounded part or division, such as the fleshy lower part of the ear. \Blobar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to a lobe; \Blobate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-bate), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or shaped like a lobe or lobes. Greek \Ilobos\j\b\i a pod
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\Hlobelia\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1beel\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p any of various herb-like plants with clusters of coloured flowers. after \IM. de Lobel\j\b\i, 1538-1616, a Flemish botanist
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\Hlobotomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1bott\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p also called a \Bleucotomy\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i an operation cutting into or across a lobe of the brain to alter brain function. \Blobe\j\b\i + Greek \ItomΘ\j\b\i a cutting
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\Hlobster\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, edible, marine crustaceans, usually having two large pincers.
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\Hlocal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-k'l \Padjective\p relating to a particular place or part: a) 'he is one of the \Ilocal\j\b\i inhabitants'; b) 'a \Ilocal\j\b\i infection'.
\Blocal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any person who is local.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he has gone to the \Ilocal\j\b\i to buy some wine' (= nearby hotel).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she was given a \Ilocal\j\b\i before they removed the splinter' (= local anaesthetic). \Blocally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in or relating to a particular place; \Blocalise\j\b\i, \Blocalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to limit or make local; \Blocalisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lo-ka-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ilocus\j\b\i a place
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\Hlocal anaesthetic\h
an anaesthetic used so that it affects only a limited area of the body.
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\Hlocal area network\h
short form is \BLAN\j\b\i
a group of computers connected by cables and servicing a relatively limited area while sharing the same operating system so that data can be conveyed efficiently among the group's users.
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\Hlocal colour\h
the distinctive interest or feeling of a place or period of time.
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\Hlocale\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1kahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a particular place or setting, especially in relation to certain events.
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\Hlocality\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place or district.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being local.
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\Hlocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1kate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to find or establish the position of: 'have you \Ilocated\j\b\i any holes in the roof?'.
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\Hlocation\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place, especially one which is or will be settled, used, etc.: 'this is the perfect \Ilocation\j\b\i for a house'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place where a particular piece of data is stored in a computer's memory.
\Bon location\j\b\i, 'the scenes were filmed \Ion location\j\b\i in Broome' (= in that actual place).
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\Hloch\h
\Isay\j\b\i lok \Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i a long stretch of water which may be a lake or an inlet of the sea.
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\Hloci\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jlocus\j\b\i.
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\Hlock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various mechanical fastening devices which can be operated by a key.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices which prevent or limit movement, etc.: 'a gear \Ilock\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various holds or grips in wrestling, etc., especially one which limits the movement of the opponent.
\CX14.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i an enclosed section of a river or canal with gates at each end, in which boats are raised or lowered from one level to another by altering the depth of the water.
\Block, stock and barrel\j\b\i, 'he evicted them, \Ilock, stock and barrel\j\b\i' (= completely).
\Block\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten or become fastened by means of a lock: 'she slammed and \Ilocked\j\b\i the front door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to keep, confine, imprison, etc. in or as if in a place fastened by a lock: 'the drunk was \Ilocked\j\b\i up for the night'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'have you \Ilocked\j\b\i the cat out for the night?' (= shut).
b) 'the swimmer's arms \Ilocked\j\b\i around her rescuer's neck' (= clasped).
d) 'the wheels \Ilocked\j\b\i and the truck went into a spin' (= jammed).
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\Hlock (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a bunch or curl of hair. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the hair.
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\Hlocker\h
\Pnoun\p a small cupboard or compartment with a lock, used for storing possessions or equipment.
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\Hlocket\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lok\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p a small case to hold a portrait or other keepsake, usually made of gold or silver and worn on a chain around the neck.
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\Hlockjaw\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtetanus\j\b\i.
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\Hlocknut\h
\Pnoun\p a nut screwed down on another to stop it coming loose.
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\Hlockout\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bshut-out\j\b\i
a refusal by the employer to let work continue, unless the employees work according to his or her terms.
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\Hlocksmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or mends locks.
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\Hlockstitch\h
\Pnoun\p \INeedlework:\j\b\i a stitch made with two interlocking threads.
\Isay\j\b\i lo-ko-\CX1mo\j\b\i-tiv \Pnoun\p a railway engine. \Blocomotion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or power of moving from place to place. Latin \Iloco\j\b\i in place + \Imotio\j\b\i a moving
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\Hlocum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1low\j\b\i-kum \Pnoun\p a doctor, etc. who temporarily takes over the work of another. short form of Latin, \Ilocum tenens\j\b\i, one holding the place
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\Hlocus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-kus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bloci\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-sigh)
\CX11.\j\b\i a place or position, such as the position of a particular gene on a chromosome.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the path traced by a point moving according to a set rule. Latin
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\Hlocust\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-kust \Pnoun\p any of various large grasshoppers which migrate in vast swarms, eating all the vegetation in their path.
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\Hlocution\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1kew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a \Pverb\pal expression or phrase. Latin \Ilocutus\j\b\i spoken
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\Hlode\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jvein\j\b\i.
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\Hlodestar\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bloadstar\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a star used as a guide or reference point.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is a guiding principle or interest. Middle English \Ilode\j\b\i journey + \Bstar\j\b\i
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\Hlodestone\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bloadstone\j\b\i
a piece of magnetite, which may be used as a magnet. Middle English \Ilode\j\b\i journey + \Bstone\j\b\i, because of its former use as a compass
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\Hlodge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a house used for holidays or temporary accommodation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small house, especially in a park or the grounds of a larger house: 'the gatekeeper's \Ilodge\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a branch of certain societies or associations. b) its members.
\Blodge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to live, especially in a rented room or house.
\CX12.\j\b\i to supply with a room or rooms, especially temporarily: 'the flood victims were \Ilodged\j\b\i in the school hall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the bullet was \Ilodged\j\b\i in his leg' (= stuck).
b) 'the old man refused to \Ilodge\j\b\i his savings in the bank' (= deposit).
c) 'we have \Ilodged\j\b\i a complaint about the noise' (= placed formally). \Blodger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who rents a room or rooms in another's house; \Blodging\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (usually plural) a room or rooms for living, especially if rented.
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\Hlodgement\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Blodgment\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of lodging. b) anything which is lodged or deposited.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a position gained in enemy territory.
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\Hloess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-iss \Pnoun\p a loose, usually yellowish deposit of wind-blown soil, particularly common in China.
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\Hloft\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the upper storey of an outbuilding such as a stable. b) a raised gallery in a church or hall.
\CX12.\j\b\i the space between the ceiling of a room and the roof above it.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the high curving flight of a ball, especially in golf. \Bloft\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hit a ball in a high arc.
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\Hlofty\h
\Padjective\p having great height: '\Ilofty\j\b\i mountains towered behind the city'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ilofty\j\b\i sentiments filled the epic poem' (= noble, dignified).
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a length of wood cut from the trunk or branch of a tree.
\CX12.\j\b\i any record of progress, details, etc., especially on a ship. Short form of \Blogbook\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a logarithm.
\Blog\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Blogged\j\b\i, \Blogging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to record in a log.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cut down trees or cut them into logs. \Blogging\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or business of cutting down trees for timber; \Blogger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloganberry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-gan-berree \Pnoun\p a large, edible, dark red berry. first grown in America by \IJ. H. Logan\j\b\i, 1841-1928
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\Hlogarithm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1logg\j\b\ia-ri\Ith\j\b\im \Pnoun\p short form is \Blog\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the exponent indicating the power to which it is necessary to raise a given number, called the \Bbase\j\b\i, to produce another number. \IExample:\j\b\i in \Iy\j\b\i = \Ib{\up6 x\j\b\i\j\b\i, \Ix\j\b\i is the logarithm of \Iy\j\b\i to the base \Ib\j\b\i and is written x= log\Ksubscript\k\Ib\j\b\iy; the \Bantilogarithm\j\b\i of \Ix\j\b\i is \Iy\j\b\i.
\Bcommon logarithm\j\b\i
a logarithm to the base 10. \Blogarithmic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i logga-\CX1ri\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i-mik), \Blogarithmical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ilogos\j\b\i ratio + \Iarithmos\j\b\i number
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\Hlogbook\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlog\j\b\i.
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\Hloge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1low\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a balcony or mezzanine in a theatre.
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\Hloggerhead\h
\Pnoun\p \Bat loggerheads\j\b\i, 'those two children have been \Iat loggerheads\j\b\i all afternoon' (= fighting, disagreeing).
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\Hloggia\h
\Isay\j\b\i l'\CX1jee\j\b\iya \Pnoun\p an arcade which is open on at least one side.
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\Hlogic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loj\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the art or science of reasoning. b) the study of the principles of reasoning.
\CX12.\j\b\i a convincing reason or argument: 'I cannot see any \Ilogic\j\b\i in such a badly timed decision'.
\Blogical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i based on the principles of logic: 'that is not a \Ilogical\j\b\i argument'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to reason soundly: 'she has a very \Ilogical\j\b\i mind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the accident was a \Ilogical\j\b\i result of his carelessness' (= reasonable, to be expected). \Blogically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blogicality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i loj-ee-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee), \Blogicalness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Blogician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i loj-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled in logic. Greek \IlogikΘ\j\b\i (\ItekhnΘ\j\b\i) the reasoning (art)
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\H-logist\h
a suffix indicating a person who is skilled or trained, as in \Igenealogist\j\b\i. A variant is \B-ologist\j\b\i, as in \Imythologist\j\b\i.
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\Hlogistics\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1jis\j\b\i-tiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a) the branch of military science concerned with the transport, quartering and supply of troops. b) the detailed organisation of some business or other operation. \Blogistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \Ilogis\j\b\i lodgings
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\Hlog jam\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a mass of logs blocking a river.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deadlock or impasse.
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\Hlogo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1low\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p a symbol used to identify a product, company, etc.
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\H-logy\h
a suffix indicating the science or study of, as in \Igenealogy\j\b\i. A variant is \B-ology\j\b\i, as in \Imythology\j\b\i.
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\Hloin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the lower part of the body of a person or four-legged animal, between the ribs and the hips.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of meat from this part of an animal.
\Bgird one's loins\j\b\i, to prepare for action.
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\Hloincloth\h
\Pnoun\p a strip of cloth worn around the loins.
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\Hloiter\h
\Pverb\p a) to stand about aimlessly. b) to move or proceed slowly. \Bloiterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloll\h
\Pverb\p to rest or droop loosely or limply: 'his head \Ilolled\j\b\i sideways as he fell asleep in the chair'.
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\Hlollipop\h
\Pnoun\p a hard, brittle sweet on a stick.
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\Hlollop\h
\Pverb\p to move with heavy, ungainly leaps or bounds.
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\Hlolly\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) money.
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\Hlone\h
\Padjective\p alone or solitary. \Bloner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who does not seek the company of others.
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\Hlonely\h
\Padjective\p \B1\j\b\i.feeling sad or depressed because one is alone: 'were you \Ilonely\j\b\i while we were away?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i remote or isolated: 'a \Ilonely\j\b\i house in the middle of the moors'. \Bloneliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blonesome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lonely.
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\Hlong (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having great or considerable size or distance from end to end: a) 'a \Ilong\j\b\i walk'; b) 'a \Ilong\j\b\i time'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the room is about 10 metres \Ilong\j\b\i' (= in length).
b) 'her \Ilong\j\b\i face made me feel rather guilty' (= unhappy).
\CX12.\j\b\i having little likelihood of winning: '\Ilong\j\b\i odds'.
\Blong\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) for a long time. b) for a time or period: 'how \Ilong\j\b\i did he stay?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i for the whole extent of: 'we stood all day \Ilong\j\b\i in the queue to buy tickets'.
\CX13.\j\b\i at a distant time: 'it happened \Ilong\j\b\i before I was born'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas\j\b\i, \Bso long as\j\b\i, 'you may come \Ias long as\j\b\i you are very quiet' (= on the condition that).
\Bso long\j\b\i, goodbye.
\Blong\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a long time: 'the job will not take \Ilong\j\b\i if we work hard'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbefore long\j\b\i, 'you'll be a teenager \Ibefore long\j\b\i' (= soon).
\Bthe long and the short of\j\b\i, the basic or essential part of.
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\Hlong (2)\h
\Pverb\p to wish for strongly: 'I \Ilong\j\b\i for the end of winter'. \Blonging\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a strong wish or craving; \Blongingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlongboat\h
\Pnoun\p the longest and strongest of the small boats that were carried by a sailing ship.
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\Hlongbow\h
\Pnoun\p a medieval bow, up to 2 m long, drawn by hand to fire long feathered arrows.
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\Hlongevity\h
\Isay\j\b\i lon-\CX1jevv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p long life. Latin \Ilongus\j\b\i long + \Iaevum\j\b\i age
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\Hlonghand\h
\Pnoun\p usual handwriting in which the words are written out in full. Compare \Jshorthand\j\b\i.
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\Hlongitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1long\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees.
\CX12.\j\b\i any great circle passing through the North and South Poles. \Blongitudinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i longi-\CX1tewd\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to longitude or length, b) running lengthwise; \Blongitudinally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilongitudo\j\b\i length
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\Hlong johns\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a pair of long underpants.
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\Hlong play\h
long player short form is \BLP\j\b\i
a record played at 33[***1/3] revolutions per minute, usually 30.16 cm in diameter. Compare \Jextended play\j\b\i and \Bsingle\j\b\i.
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\Hlong-range\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i extending into the future: 'here is a \Ilong-range\j\b\i weather forecast'.
\CX12.\j\b\i designed for a great distance.
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\Hlongshoreman\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a person who works on the docks.
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\Hlong shot\h
a hopeful attempt considered unlikely to succeed: 'that horse is definitely a \Ilong shot\j\b\i in this race'.
\Bby a long shot\j\b\i, 'her guess was wrong \Iby a long shot\j\b\i' (= by a large amount).
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\Hlong-sighted\h
\Padjective\p able to see distant objects clearly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government was praised for its \Ilong-sighted\j\b\i policies' (= far-seeing, well-planned). \Blong-sightedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlongstanding\h
\Padjective\p having continued for a long time: 'a \Ilongstanding\j\b\i disagreement'.
#
\Hlong-suffering\h
\Padjective\p patient or uncomplaining in trouble.
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\Hlong-term\h
\Padjective\p involving a long period of time.
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\Hlong ton\h
See \Jton (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlong-waisted\h
\Padjective\p of more than average length from shoulder to waist.
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\Hlong-wave\h
\Padjective\p (of a radiowave) having a wavelength of over 1 km, used for maritime radio, navigation, etc. Compare \Jmedium-wave\j\b\i and \Bshort-wave\j\b\i.
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\Hlongwinded\h
\Isay\j\b\i long-\CX1win\j\b\i-did \Padjective\p tediously long: 'a \Ilongwinded\j\b\i speech'. \Blongwindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a toilet.
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\Hloofah\h
\Pnoun\p the fibres of a tropical plant which are often used to rub the body while washing.
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\Hlook\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to use one's sense of sight.
\CX12.\j\b\i to direct one's eyes: '\Ilook\j\b\i at this beautiful flower!'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you \Ilook\j\b\i very happy today' (= give the impression of being).
b) 'the baby \Ilooked\j\b\i happy and healthy' (= was).
c) 'don't always \Ilook\j\b\i to win' (= hope, expect).
d) 'the back rooms all \Ilook\j\b\i onto the river' (= provide a view).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blook after\j\b\i, to mind or tend to the needs, wants, etc. of.
\Blook alive\j\b\i, \Blook sharp\j\b\i, hurry up!
\Blook down on\j\b\i, 'she \Ilooks down on\j\b\i people who will not think for themselves' (= regards with contempt).
\Blook for\j\b\i, 'what are you \Ilooking for\j\b\i in there?' (= trying to find).
\Blook forward to\j\b\i, to wait for eagerly.
\Blook into\j\b\i, 'the police are \Ilooking into\j\b\i the complaints' (= investigating).
\Blook out\j\b\i, be careful.
\Blook up\j\b\i, a) 'do \Ilook up\j\b\i my family if you're going to London' (= visit); b) '\Ilook\j\b\i it \Iup\j\b\i in the dictionary' (= find, refer to); c) 'things have \Ilooked up\j\b\i since she arrived' (= improved).
\Blook up to\j\b\i, to admire.
\Blook\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of looking: 'she gave a quick \Ilook\j\b\i at the paper and then closed it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the way of looking or appearing: a) 'the \Ilook\j\b\i of a hunted man'; b) 'I don't like the \Ilook\j\b\i of the place'.
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\Hlooking glass\h
an old word for a mirror.
#
\Hlookout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of observing or keeping watch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place, usually elevated, from which one may observe or keep watch.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who keeps watch.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that's your \Ilookout\j\b\i' (= worry, concern).
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\Hloom (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a machine for weaving yarn into fabric.
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\Hloom (2)\h
\Pverb\p to appear in a huge, distorted or indistinct form: 'a monstrous shape \Iloomed\j\b\i in the shadows'.
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\Hloony\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy or foolish. \Bloony\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a curve doubling over itself so as to leave an opening in the middle.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has this shape.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a sequence of instructions which is automatically repeated until certain conditions are met.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a type of contraceptive, interuterine device. \Bloop\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make or form into a loop, b) to fasten or encircle with or as if with a loop.
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\Hloophole\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which provides a means of evasion: 'the lawyer found a \Iloophole\j\b\i in the law and his client had to be released'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a narrow vertical opening in a wall, especially in a fort or castle.
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\Hloopy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) crazy or foolish.
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\Hloose\h
\Padjective\p a) free from fastening or restraint. b) not tight or taut: 'she had a \Iloose\j\b\i hold on the rope'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we bought \Iloose\j\b\i potatoes at the farm' (= unpacked).
b) 'the child has a \Iloose\j\b\i tooth' (= not firm).
c) 'the company has no \Iloose\j\b\i funds' (= uninvested).
d) 'her \Iloose\j\b\i thinking annoyed the teacher' (= imprecise).
e) 'he had the nerve to call me a \Iloose\j\b\i woman' (= immoral).
\Bat a loose end\j\b\i, having nothing to do.
\Bloose\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i unfastened, loosened: 'my shoelace has come \Iloose\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i so as to be or become loose: 'we broke \Iloose\j\b\i from our captors'. \Bloose\j\b\i, \Bloosen\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i, to make or become loose or looser; \Bloosely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blooseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloosebox\h
\Pnoun\p a stall for a horse, wide enough for it to move about in.
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\Hloose-leaf\h
\Padjective\p (of a book or folder) having a cover to or from which pages may be easily added or removed.
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\Hloot\h
\Pnoun\p goods obtained illegally, such as by thieves, soldiers in time of war, etc. \Bloot\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pillage or plunder. Hindi
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\Hlop\h
\Pverb\p (\Blopped\j\b\i, \Blopping\j\b\i)
to cut off, e.g. the branches from a tree, hair from the head, etc.
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\Hlope\h
\Pverb\p to run with long, bounding strides. Icelandic \Ihlaupa\j\b\i to leap
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\Hlop-eared\h
\Padjective\p having long, floppy ears.
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\Hlopsided\h
\Padjective\p asymmetrical or inclining to one side. \Blopsidedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blopsidedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-k't \Ior\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-kwot \Pnoun\p a decorative evergreen tree with large leaves and small orange fruit. Chinese \Iluh kwat\j\b\i rush orange
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\Hlord\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any peer.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who has authority over others: 'a feudal \Ilord\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address: 'the \ILord\j\b\i Mayor of Perth'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a name for God or Christ.
\Blive like a lord\j\b\i, to live in luxury. \Blordly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i a) suitable for a lord, b) arrogant or haughty; \Blord\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Blord it over\j\b\i, to act in a domineering or arrogant manner towards. Old English \Ihlaford\j\b\i the keeper of the bread
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\Hlordship\h
\Pnoun\p (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address used to a judge or other official.
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\Hlore\h
\Pnoun\p any accumulated knowledge about a subject, especially of a traditional or popular nature: 'the \Ilore\j\b\i of herbalists'.
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\Hlorgnette\h
\Isay\j\b\i lorn-\CX1yet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a pair of spectacles held to the eyes by an ornamental handle. French \Ilorgner\j\b\i to squint
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\Hlorikeet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lorr\j\b\ia-keet \Pnoun\p a parakeet.
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\Hlorry\h
\Pnoun\p a long motor vehicle used for carrying heavy loads.
to part with, by chance or carelessness, and be unable to find: 'she \Ilost\j\b\i her purse'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Ilost\j\b\i control and burst into tears' (= failed to keep).
b) 'four people \Ilost\j\b\i their lives in the accident' (= were deprived of).
c) 'he \Ilost\j\b\i the race' (= was defeated in).
d) 'she was \Ilost\j\b\i in thought' (= absorbed).
e) 'you should \Ilose\j\b\i weight' (= get rid of).
f) 'you should \Ilose\j\b\i no time in doing this' (= waste).
g) 'I was \Ilost\j\b\i when he started talking about philosophy' (= unable to understand).
\Blose sight of\j\b\i, to fail to keep in view. \Bloser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloss\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or an instance of losing: 'the team suffered a decisive \Iloss\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is lost: 'the money is a \Iloss\j\b\i I cannot afford'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the number or amount lost, such as casualties in a war, etc.: 'our \Ilosses\j\b\i were very heavy'.
\Bbe at a loss\j\b\i, to be puzzled or uncertain.
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\Hloss leader\h
any goods which are sold at a loss in order to attract customers to a shop.
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\Hlost cause\h
a cause for which defeat is inevitable.
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\Hlot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) one of a set of objects drawn when making a decision by chance. b) the use of these objects for selection: 'we drew \Ilots\j\b\i to decide which of us should do the washing-up'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a number of persons or things considered as a single group or unit.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person's fortune in life: 'his \Ilot\j\b\i has been one of severe hardship'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a piece of land: 'a parking \Ilot\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i the site used for making movies.
\CX16.\j\b\i an article or a group of articles for sale at an auction: '\Ilot\j\b\i 99 is an antique writing desk'.
\CX17.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a large number.
\CX18.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person of a specified type: 'he's a bad \Ilot\j\b\i'.
\Bthrow in one's lot with\j\b\i, to support.
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\Hloth\h
\Padjective\p See \Jloath\j\b\i.
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\Hlotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a mixture of an insoluble substance in a liquid, applied to the skin without rubbing. Old French, washing
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\Hlottery\h
\Pnoun\p a form of gambling where many numbered tickets are sold, some of which, as determined by lot, entitle their owners to prizes.
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\Hlotto\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbingo\j\b\i. Italian
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\Hlotus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a type of waterlily, common in Egyptian and Hindu decorative art.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a plant whose fruit was believed to induce a dreamy state of forgetfulness.
\Blotus-eater\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a person who lost touch with reality by eating the fruit of the lotus.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who leads an easy, dreamy life and is indifferent to the busy world.
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\Hloud\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or producing a high volume and intensity of sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i having very bright colours. \Bloudly\j\b\i, \Bloud\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bloudness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hloud-hailer\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmegaphone\j\b\i
an electric hand-held device similar to a microphone, which magnifies sounds so they can be heard from a long distance.
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\Hloudspeaker\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bspeaker\j\b\i
\IAudio:\j\b\i any of various devices for converting electronic signals into audible sound, as in a public-address system, radio, etc. Compare \Jmicrophone\j\b\i.
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\Hlough\h
\Isay\j\b\i lok \Pnoun\p See \Jloch\j\b\i.
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\Hlounge\h
\Pverb\p to stand, sit, lie or move in a lazy, relaxed manner.
\Blounge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a living room.
\CX12.\j\b\i a room in a hotel, etc. where guests may relax comfortably.
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\Hlour\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pverb\p also spelt \Blower\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of sky, weather, etc.) to be dark and threatening.
\CX12.\j\b\i to frown or scowl. \Blour\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pnoun\p plural is \Blice\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small, flattened, wingless, usually blood-sucking insect which may be parasitic on humans and other mammals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a despicable person. \Blouse up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to bungle or ruin.
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\Hlousy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) of very poor quality: 'a \Ilousy\j\b\i play'; b) unpleasant: 'what \Ilousy\j\b\i weather'; c) ill: 'I feel \Ilousy\j\b\i'; d) well supplied: 'he's \Ilousy\j\b\i with money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i infested with lice.
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\Hlout\h
\Pnoun\p a clumsy, stupid, ill-mannered fellow. \Bloutish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlouvre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\iva \Ior\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ivr \Pnoun\p louver a) a screen of sloping timber slats to shut out light but permit ventilation. b) any of a series of adjustable panes forming a window.
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\Hlove\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have a deep-seated affection for.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to having a liking or enthusiasm for: 'I \Ilove\j\b\i ice-cream'.
\Blove\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a strong passion or deep-seated affection.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a liking or enthusiasm.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who is beloved.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a score of nil. A \Blove game\j\b\i is a game in which one player does not score.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor love\j\b\i, 'although it was a long and difficult task he did it \Ifor love\j\b\i' (= without payment).
\Bfor the love of\j\b\i, for the sake of.
\Bin love\j\b\i, feeling deep affection.
\Bmake love\j\b\i, a) to have sexual intercourse; b) to woo.
\Bno love lost\j\b\i, 'there's \Ino love lost\j\b\i between those two' (= mutual dislike).
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\Hlovebird\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various small, South American and African parrots, each pair keeping very close to each other when perching.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a budgerigar.
#
\Hlove child\h
an illegitimate child.
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\Hlovelorn\h
\Padjective\p forlorn because of love.
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\Hlovely\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1luv\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p charming, delightful or beautiful. \Bloveliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlove-match\h
\Pnoun\p a marriage based on love rather than on social or pecuniary considerations.
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\Hlover\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1luvv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person who is in love with another. b) a person who is having a love affair.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who likes something: 'a \Ilover\j\b\i of modern art'.
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\Hlovesick\h
\Padjective\p languishing because of love.
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\Hloving\h
\Padjective\p showing or feeling love: a) '\Iloving\j\b\i glances'; b) '\Iloving\j\b\i friends'. \Blovingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blovingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not tall or high: a) 'a \Ilow\j\b\i shelf'; b) 'he has a \Ilow\j\b\i opinion of fools'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not shrill, sharp or loud: 'a \Ilow\j\b\i murmur'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of small magnitude, quantity, degree, etc.: a) 'a \Ilow\j\b\i number'; b) 'our stock of food is very \Ilow\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i having a relatively simple structure: 'a fungus is an example of a \Ilower\j\b\i plant'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a person of \Ilow\j\b\i birth' (= inferior).
b) 'he made a \Ilow\j\b\i bow to the Queen' (= bending far down).
c) 'what a \Ilow\j\b\i trick' (= undignified, contemptible).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'm \Ilow\j\b\i on funds this week' (= depleted).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blay low\j\b\i, a) 'the blow to the chin \Ilaid\j\b\i him \Ilow\j\b\i' (= knocked down); b) 'an attack of the gout finally \Ilaid\j\b\i him \Ilow\j\b\i' (= prostrated, confined to bed).
\Blie low\j\b\i, See \Jlie (2)\j\b\i.
\Blow spirits\j\b\i, 'she has been in very \Ilow spirits\j\b\i for several weeks' (= depressed).
\Blow\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in, at or to a low position, point, price, etc.: a) 'aim \Ilow\j\b\i and you won't overshoot the target'; b) 'buy shares \Ilow\j\b\i and sell them high'; c) 'I've yet to fall that \Ilow\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) at or to a low pitch: 'a soprano cannot get as \Ilow\j\b\i as an alto'. b) softly: 'speak \Ilow\j\b\i and mind your manners'.
\Blow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a low level: 'morale has reached an all-time \Ilow\j\b\i among the staff'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i an area of low pressure into which strong winds blow clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, bringing unsettled weather and rain. Also called a \Bdepression\j\b\i or a \Bcyclone\j\b\i. Compare \Jhigh\j\b\i. \Blowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlow (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo \Pverb\p to make the hollow, bellowing sound of cattle. \Blow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlowboy\h
\Pnoun\p a low chest of drawers with no mirror.
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\Hlowbrow\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of low intellectual taste or standard. \Blowbrow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hlow-down\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) all the facts.
\Blow-down\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) dishonourable or mean.
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\Hlower (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-a \Pverb\p to let or bring down: a) '\Ilower\j\b\i the blinds'; b) '\Ilower\j\b\i the rent'; c) '\Ilower\j\b\i your voice'.
\Blower oneself\j\b\i, to stoop or lose one's dignity.
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\Hlower (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pverb\p See \Jlour\j\b\i.
#
\Hlower case\h
\IPrinting:\j\b\i small letters, as these words have. Compare \Jupper case\j\b\i.
#
\Hlowest common denominator\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the smallest number which contains all the denominators of a group of fractions an exact number of times.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feature or opinion common to all the members of a group.
#
\Hlowest common multiple\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the smallest number which contains all of a group of numbers an exact number of times.
#
\Hlow frequency\h
a radio frequency in the range 30-300 kilohertz. \Blow-frequency\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hlow-key\h
\Padjective\p subdued, restrained or understated.
#
\Hlowlands\h
plural \Pnoun\p an area of low, flat land.
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\Hlow-loader\h
\Pnoun\p a road or rail vehicle with a low platform for carrying heavy loads.
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\Hlowly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lo\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i humble: 'a \Ilowly\j\b\i farmhouse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i low in rank or position: 'he has a \Ilowly\j\b\i job in the big firm'.
#
\Hlow profile\h
a deliberately understated attitude or position: 'to maintain a \Ilow profile\j\b\i in international affairs'.
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\Hlow-tension\h
\Isay\j\b\i lo-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Padjective\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i of or relating to electric cables carrying a low voltage.
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\Hloyal\h
\Padjective\p showing continued attachment: 'she is very \Iloyal\j\b\i to her family'. \Bloyally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bloyalty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being loyal.
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\Hloyalist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is loyal, especially a supporter of a monarch, government, etc. in a time of revolt.
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\Hlozenge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lozz\j\b\i'nj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet tablet sucked to relieve a sore throat or cold.
\CX12.\j\b\i a diamond-shaped figure.
#
\Hlubber\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a big, clumsy, stupid person. \Blubberly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hlubra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ibra \Pnoun\p also called a \Bgin\j\b\i
(\Iuse is sometimes derogatory:\j\b\i an Aboriginal girl or woman.
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\Hlubricate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ibri-kate \Pverb\p to apply oil or an oily substance to, in order to reduce friction, etc. \Blubrication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blubricant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance which lubricates. Latin \Ilubricare\j\b\i to make slippery
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\Hlucerne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-sern \Pnoun\p also called \Balfalfa\j\b\i
a clover-like plant with bluish-purple flowers, used as fodder. French
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\Hlucid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-sid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i clear or easily understood: 'a \Ilucid\j\b\i explanation of the problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i rational or mentally sound: 'although he is senile he still has \Ilucid\j\b\i moments'. \Blucidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i loo-\CX1sidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Blucidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Blucidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ilucidus\j\b\i shining bright
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\HLucifer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\isifa \Pnoun\p an angel who led the revolt in heaven and was cast into hell; identified with Satan. Latin \Ilucis\j\b\i of light + \Iferre\j\b\i to bear (= morning star)
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\Hluck\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which happens by chance: 'what bad \Iluck\j\b\i to break a leg'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an advantage or success due to chance: a) 'we wished them \Iluck\j\b\i in their travels'; b) 'a stroke of \Iluck\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdown on one's luck\j\b\i, going through an unlucky period.
\Bworse luck!\j\b\i, 'I shan't be there, \Iworse luck!\j\b\i' (= alas!).
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\Hlucky\h
\Padjective\p having, bringing or resulting in good luck. \Bluckily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bluckiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlucky dip\h
a barrel at fairs, etc. containing articles of varying value, and into which a person dips for a prize.
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\Hlucrative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ikra-tiv \Padjective\p profitable: 'it is a small but \Ilucrative\j\b\i business'. Latin \Ilucrum\j\b\i gain
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\Hlucre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\iker \Pnoun\p money or profit which is sought after greedily. Latin \Ilucrum\j\b\i gain
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\Hludicrous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lood\j\b\ii-krus \Padjective\p absurdly funny. Latin \Iludricrum\j\b\i a stage play
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\Hludo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p a children's board game for two to four people using counters and dice. Latin, I play
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\Hluff\h
\Pverb\p a) to turn a sailing vessel toward, or nearer to, the wind. b)to achieve a position to windward of an opponent's boat in a sailing race, thus taking the wind from its sails.
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\Hlug (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Blugged\j\b\i, \Blugging\j\b\i)
to pull or drag with much effort. \Blug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlug (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ear-like projection for holding or supporting something.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a clumsy or stupid fellow.
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\Hluggage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lugg\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p any bags or suitcases taken on a journey.
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\Hlugger\h
\Pnoun\p an old sailing vessel with obliquely mounted square sails.
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\Hlugubrious\h
\Isay\j\b\i loo-\CX1goo\j\b\ibri-us \Padjective\p mournful or dismal. \Blugubriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blugubriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlukewarm\h
\Padjective\p moderately warm.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'our idea received a \Ilukewarm\j\b\i reaction' (= unenthusiastic).
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\Hlull\h
\Pverb\p to soothe or quieten: a) 'the singing finally \Ilulled\j\b\i me off to sleep'; b) 'her explanation \Ilulled\j\b\i my suspicions for a few days'. \Blull\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a brief calm.
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\Hlullaby\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lull\j\b\ia-by \Pnoun\p a soothing song to put a baby to sleep.
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\Hlumbago\h
\Isay\j\b\i lum-\CX1bay\j\b\igo \Pnoun\p a severe pain in the lower part of the back. Latin \Ilumbus\j\b\i the loin
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\Hlumbar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lum\j\b\iba \Padjective\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i of or relating to the lower half of the back.
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\Hlumber (1)\h
\Pnoun\p timber.
\Blumber\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to burden with something useless or unpleasant: 'he \Ilumbered\j\b\i me with the task of firing the employee'.
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\Hlumber (2)\h
\Pverb\p to move about heavily or clumsily. \Blumberingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlumberjack\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a person whose job is cutting down trees and bringing them out of the forest.
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\Hlumber-jacket\h
\Pnoun\p a short, heavy, woollen jacket fastening up to the neck, as was formerly worn by lumberjacks.
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\Hlumen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-men \Pnoun\p the derived SI unit of luminous flux. Latin, light
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\Hluminance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\imi-nance \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the luminous intensity per unit of area.
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\Hluminary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\imin-ree \Pnoun\p something which gives light, such as the sun or moon.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was one of the \Iluminaries\j\b\i of our times' (= eminent persons).
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\Hluminescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i loomi-\CX1ness\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the emission of light from some cause other than high temperature, as by chemical action, radioactivity, fluorescence or phosphorescence. \Bluminesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bluminescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hluminous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\imi-nus \Padjective\p giving off light: 'the sun is a \Iluminous\j\b\i body'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she glanced at me with her \Iluminous\j\b\i eyes' (= bright, full of light).
b) 'he gave a \Iluminous\j\b\i explanation of the problem' (= clear, enlightening). \Bluminously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bluminosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i loomi-\CX1noss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being luminous.
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\Hluminous flux\h
the rate of transmission of luminous energy.
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\Hluminous intensity\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of light emitted per second in a given direction from a source of radiation which comes from a particular point.
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\Hlump (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid, usually small, mass of no particular shape: a) 'a \Ilump\j\b\i of clay'; b) 'a \Ilump\j\b\i on the head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid, clumsy or ungainly person.
\Blump\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put together in one lump or group without discrimination: 'he \Ilumped\j\b\i us all together as idlers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form lumps: 'the mixture will \Ilump\j\b\i if you don't stir it constantly'.
\Blump\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
in the form of a lump or lumps.
\Blump sum\j\b\i, a single, substantial sum of money. \Blumpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of lumps, b) covered with lumps; \Blumpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blumpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Blumpish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like a lump, b) stupid or clumsy.
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\Hlump (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to endure or put up with: 'you can like it or \Ilump\j\b\i it'.
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\Hlunacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ina-see \Pnoun\p insanity. Latin \Iluna\j\b\i the moon, formerly believed to cause insanity
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\Hlunar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ina \Padjective\p a) of or relating to the moon. b) measured by the moon's revolutions: 'a \Ilunar\j\b\i cycle'.
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\Hlunar month\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the time from one new moon to the next, equal to 29.53 days.
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\Hlunar year\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a period of twelve lunar months.
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\Hlunatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ina-tik \Padjective\p of or relating to lunacy: a) '\Ilunatic\j\b\i schemes'; b) 'a \Ilunatic\j\b\i asylum'.
\Blunatic fringe\j\b\i
the more extreme or eccentric members of a community or movement.
\Blunatic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who is insane. \Blunatic\j\b\i came into English from Old French \Ilunatique\j\b\i from Latin \Ilunaticus\j\b\i. This was derived from \Iluna\j\b\i, the Latin word for moon, the connection being that certain types of mental illness were thought to be related to phases of the moon. Nowadays \Ilunatic\j\b\i is used of someone who behaves eccentrically or irresponsibly. It is considered offensive to use it of the mentally ill.
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\Hlunch\h
\Pnoun\p the second meal of the day, usually taken about 1 p.m. \Blunch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hluncheon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lun\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p a lunch. \Bluncheon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlung\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two, large, spongy organs in the chest cavity, which absorb oxygen from the air, and release waste carbon dioxide into it.
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\Hlunge (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lunj \Pnoun\p a sudden forward movement, such as a thrust with a bayonet, etc. \Blunge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French \Iallonger\j\b\i to lengthen or extend
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\Hlunge (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i lunj \Pnoun\p a long rope used to guide a horse in training or exercise.
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\Hlungfish\h
\Pnoun\p a freshwater Queensland fish, which has gills as well as a single or double lung, enabling it to breathe in the air.
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\Hlupin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\ipin \Pnoun\p a Northern Hemisphere garden plant resembling the pea and bearing flowers on long stems. from Latin
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\Hlupine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-pine \Padjective\p of or like a wolf.
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\Hlurch (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden rolling or swaying to one side: 'the ship gave a terrible \Ilurch\j\b\i'. \Blurch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hlurch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bleave in the lurch\j\b\i, to leave a person who is helpless or in difficulties.
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\Hlure\h
\Pnoun\p anything which attracts or entices, such as a worm used to attract fish. \Blure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to attract or entice.
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\Hlurex\h
\Pnoun\p a manufactured fibre which includes a bright metallic thread. a trademark
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\Hlurid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\irid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sensational or shockingly vivid: 'the press delighted in all the \Ilurid\j\b\i details of the murder'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lit up by an unnatural reddish glare: 'a \Ilurid\j\b\i patch of sky above the burning factory'. Latin \Iluridus\j\b\i pale yellow, ghastly
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\Hlurk\h
\Pverb\p to loiter in a secretive or furtive manner: 'a man \Ilurking\j\b\i in the shadows'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a faint doubt still \Ilurked\j\b\i in the back of her mind' (= remained).
\Blurk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a means of avoiding work, often underhanded.
\Pnoun\p any strong desire, especially a powerful sexual desire. \Blust\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Blustful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Blustfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blustfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlustre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lust\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bluster\j\b\i
the soft, reflected light playing over a surface: 'the \Ilustre\j\b\i of pearls'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'age has not dimmed the \Ilustre\j\b\i of her eyes' (= brightness, brilliant quality). \Blustrous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lus\j\b\itrus), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Blustrously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blustrousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlusty\h
\Padjective\p vigorous or hearty: a) 'a \Ilusty\j\b\i old age'; b) 'a \Ilusty\j\b\i appetite'. \Blustily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blustiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hlute\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a fretted instrument whose strings are plucked with the fingers, popular in the Middle Ages. \Blutenist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the lute.
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\Hlutetium\h
\Isay\j\b\i loo-\CX1tee\j\b\ishi-um \Pnoun\p element number 71, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\HLutheran\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1loo\j\b\i-tha-r'n \Pnoun\p a member of the Protestant Church founded on the doctrine of salvation by faith alone, and predominant in Scandinavia and Germany. \BLutheran\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BLutheranism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IMartin Luther\j\b\i, 1483-1546, its German founder
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\Hlux\h
\Pnoun\p the derived SI unit of illumination.
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\Hluxuriant\h
\Isay\j\b\i lug-\CX1\Izh\j\b\ioor\j\b\ii-ent \Padjective\p growing thickly and abundantly: '\Iluxuriant\j\b\i vegetation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'these poems are the products of a \Iluxuriant\j\b\i imagination' (= abundant). \Bluxuriantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bluxuriance\j\b\i, \Bluxuriancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition of being luxuriant. \Bluxuriant, luxurious\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \ILuxuriant\j\b\i is often used to describe the abundant growth of grass, shrubs, trees and other types of natural greenery: 'the \Iluxuriant\j\b\i jungle stretched before us'. \ILuxurious\j\b\i has to do with the comfortable circumstances usually associated with wealth: 'the \Iluxurious\j\b\i house could accommodate many families in great comfort'.
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\Hluxury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lug\j\b\isha-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of great sumptuousness or comfort, surrounded by things which are rare, expensive or extremely gratifying.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is pleasing or elegant, but usually not really necessary: 'their budget allows few \Iluxuries\j\b\i'. \Bluxurious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lug-\CX1\Izh\j\b\ioor\j\b\ii-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, being characterised by luxury; \Bluxuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bluxuriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bluxuriate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i lug-\CX1\Izh\j\b\ioor\j\b\ii-ate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to indulge oneself in. Latin \Iluxuria\j\b\i excess, extravagance See \Jluxuriant\j\b\i.
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\H-ly\h
\Isay\j\b\i lee a suffix: a) used to form \Padverb\ps from \Padjective\ps, as in \Isadly\j\b\i; b) meaning like, as in \Ighostly\j\b\i; c) meaning per, as in \Imonthly\j\b\i.
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\Hlychee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lie\j\b\i-chee \Pnoun\p a small, Chinese fruit with a firm shell and a soft, jelly-like middle.
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\Hlye\h
\Pnoun\p a strong alkaline solution or solid used in making soap.
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\Hlying (1)\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Blie (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hlying (2)\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Blie (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hlymph\h
\Isay\j\b\i limf \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a clear slightly yellow fluid, consisting chiefly of blood plasma and white blood cells, drained from the tissues of the body and collected in the lymphatic vessels.
\Blymph node\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any small pea-shaped body on a lymphatic vessel, containing a sieve-like tissue and lymph cells which filter the lymph fluid. Latin \Ilympha\j\b\i water
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\Hlymphatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i lim-\CX1fatt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to the lymph.
\Blymphatic vessel\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any small thin-walled vessel which drains the lymph fluid from the body tissue.
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\Hlynch\h
\Isay\j\b\i linch \Pverb\p to condemn and kill a person by mob action, without legal authority. first employed as a form of rough justice by \ICaptain William Lynch\j\b\i an American magistrate in Virginia, about 1780
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\Hlynx\h
\Isay\j\b\i links \Pnoun\p any of various keen-sighted American, African and European wildcats with a short tail and tufted ears. \Blynx-eyed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, sharp-sighted.
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\Hlyre\h
\Isay\j\b\i lire \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a stringed instrument of ancient Greece, consisting of two long curved arms meeting in a soundbox at the base.
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\Hlyrebird\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lire\j\b\i-bird \Pnoun\p either of two species of brown and grey Australian birds, the male of which spreads his tail feathers into the shape of a lyre to dance and mimic other birds.
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\Hlyric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lirr\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i a short poem, having the form and musical quality of a song, and giving direct expression to the poet's thoughts and feelings.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the words of a popular song.
\Blyric\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or like a lyric.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) having a light, flexible singing voice: 'a \Ilyric\j\b\i soprano'. b) intended for singing, originally in accompaniment to the lyre: 'a Greek \Ilyric\j\b\i chorus'.
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\Hlyrical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lirr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to a lyric.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the inventor grew quite \Ilyrical\j\b\i about her product's merits' (= enthusiastic, poetic). \Blyrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Blyricist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lirr\j\b\ii-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes the words for a song; \Blyricism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1lirr\j\b\ii-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of emotional self-expression in the arts.
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\Hlysergic acid diethylamide\h
short form is \BLSD\j\b\i
a drug producing hallucinations.
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\Hma'am\h
\Isay\j\b\i mam \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) madam.
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\Hmac\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mackintosh.
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\Hmacabre\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1kah\j\b\i-bra \Padjective\p ghastly, horrible or gruesome. Arabic \Imaqbara\j\b\i graveyard
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\Hmacadam\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1kadd\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p the crushed rock or stone used in layers to make roads. \Bmacadamise\j\b\i, \Bmacadamize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. after \IJ. L. McAdam\j\b\i, 1756-1836, a Scottish surveyor
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\Hmacadamia\h
\Isay\j\b\i makka-\CX1day\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmonkey-nut\j\b\i
a hard-shelled, edible Australian nut. after \IJohn Macadam\j\b\i, died 1865, an Australian chemist
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\Hmacaroni\h
\Isay\j\b\i makka-\CX1ro\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p a pasta shaped like short, hollow tubes. Italian
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\Hmacaw\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma\CX1kaw\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a large, long-tailed, South American parrot, with brightly coloured feathers and a harsh voice. Portuguese
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\Hmacchiato\h
\Isay\j\b\i makee-\CX1ar\j\b\itoe \Pnoun\p an expresso coffee topped with a small amount of hot, frothy milk. Italian
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\Hmace (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a club-like weapon, usually with a spiked metal head. b) a staff carried by an official as a symbol of office.
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\Hmace (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a spice made from the dried outer covering of nutmegs.
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\Hmacerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to soak something in order to soften it.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become thin, especially by fasting. \Bmaceration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imaceratus\j\b\i softened
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\HMach\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmach number\j\b\i.
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\Hmachete\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1shett\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p a large, heavy, broad-bladed chopping-knife. Spanish
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\HMachiavellian\h
\Isay\j\b\i makkia-\CX1vell\j\b\iian \Padjective\p having no scruples to obtain what one wants, especially in politics. after \INiccolo Machiavelli\j\b\i, 1469-1527, an Italian writer on political theory
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\Hmachinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1makk\j\b\iin-ate \Pverb\p to scheme or plot, usually in an evil way. \Bmachination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of plotting, b) a plot or scheme. Latin \Imachinari\j\b\i to contrive
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\Hmachine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1sheen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a mechanical device which performs a certain function: 'a sewing \Imachine\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government \Imachine\j\b\i functions smoothly' (= system). \Bmachinery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the parts of a machine, b) any or all machines; \Bmachine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make with a machine; \Bmachinist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who operates a machine. Greek \ImekhanΘ\j\b\i a contrivance
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\Hmachine code\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a language in the binary system which can be understood directly by a computer.
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\Hmachine-gun\h
\Pnoun\p an automatic weapon capable of rapid, continuous fire.
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\Hmachine-readable\h
\Padjective\p able to be read or interpreted as data by a computer, e.g. a bar code.
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\Hmachine tool\h
a lathe or other power-operated tool for shaping, planing, drilling or milling metal, wood or plastics.
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\Hmachismo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1chiz\j\b\imo \Pnoun\p an exaggerated sense of masculinity stressing attributes such as courage, virility and aggression. Spanish
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\HMach number\h
\Isay\j\b\i mark number \IPhysics:\j\b\i the ratio of the speed of a body to the speed of sound in the medium through which it is travelling. At Mach 1 the body is moving at the speed of sound. after \IErnst Mach\j\b\i, 1836-1916, an Austrian physicist
a common disk operating system developed by the manufacturer Apple ComputersÖ. a trademark
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\Hmackerel\h
\Pnoun\p any of a large group of edible fish with wavy cross-markings.
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\Hmackintosh\h
\Pnoun\p macintosh a raincoat made of cotton treated with waterproof rubber. after \ICharles Macintosh\j\b\i, 1766-1843, its inventor
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\HmacramΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1krah\j\b\i-may \Pnoun\p a) the knotting of thread or cord in patterns. b) the decorative work made in this way. Turkish \Imagrama\j\b\i towel
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\Hmacro\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of applications) a set of instructions stored by the computer and activated by a single keystroke.
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\Hmacrobiotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i makro-by-\CX1ott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (of food or a diet) consisting of natural, seasonal foods, with grains and vegetables accounting for more than 70 per cent of intake and little or no consumption of animal products. \Bmacrobiotics\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Imakros\j\b\i long + \Ibios\j\b\i life
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\Hmacrocosm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mak\j\b\iro-kozm \Pnoun\p the world or universe as a whole. Greek \Imakros\j\b\i large + \Ikosmos\j\b\i world
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\Hmad\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i insane.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I was \Imad\j\b\i with them for teasing me' (= furious).
b) 'there was a \Imad\j\b\i rush for seats' (= excited, chaotic). \Bmadden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make mad; \Bmadness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being mad, b) mad behaviour; \Bmadly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmadcap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a reckless person.
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\Hmadam\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mad\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p a polite form of address to a woman. French \Ima dame\j\b\i my lady
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\Hmadame\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1dahm\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmesdames\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i may-\CX1dahm\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a title for a married woman, especially in non English-speaking countries.
\CX12.\j\b\i the woman in charge of a brothel. French \Ima dame\j\b\i my lady
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\Hmadder\h
\Pnoun\p a strong red or reddish-orange colour obtained from the root of a European plant.
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\Hmade\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bmake\j\b\i.
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\Hmademoiselle\h
\Isay\j\b\i madem-wa\CX1zel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmesdemoiselles\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i medem-wa\CX1zells\j\b\i)
a French title for an unmarried woman. French
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\Hmadness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmad\j\b\i.
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\HMadonna\h
\Pnoun\p a) the Virgin Mary. b) a picture or statue of the Virgin Mary. Italian \Ima donna\j\b\i my lady
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\Hmadrigal\h
\Pnoun\p an unaccompanied song for several voices singing two or more melodies together.
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\Hmaelstrom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1male\j\b\i-strom \Pnoun\p a) a great or violent whirlpool. b) a violent force or whirl of events: 'the \Imaelstrom\j\b\i of war'. Dutch
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\Hmaestro\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-stro \Pnoun\p a master of any art, especially an eminent musician or conductor. Italian, master
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\HMae West\h
an inflatable life-jacket. after \IMae West\j\b\i, a film star of ample proportions
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\HMafia\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a secret nationalist society in French-ruled Sicily which by last century had degenerated into a collection of hired thugs specialising in blackmail, 'protection' rackets and murder, and believed to still exist.
\CX12.\j\b\i such thuggery brought to America and other countries by immigrants.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a gang of political or other conspirators or suspected conspirators. \BMafioso\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a Mafia member. from the initials of Italian for 'Death to France is Italy's Cry'
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\Hmagazine\h
\Isay\j\b\i magga-\CX1zeen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any publication appearing at regular intervals, of more specialised interest than a newspaper. Also called a \Bperiodical\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place or container where things, such as ammunition, film in a camera, etc., are stored. Arabic \Imakhzan\j\b\i storehouse
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\Hmagenta\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1jent\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a brilliant, reddish-purple colour. \Bmagenta\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. the dye was discovered in 1859, the year of a battle at \IMagenta\j\b\i, northern Italy
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\Hmaggot\h
\Pnoun\p the larva of a fly, usually living in decaying matter. \Bmaggoty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, infested with maggots.
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\Hmagi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-jie plural \Pnoun\p See \Jmagus\j\b\i.
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\Hmagic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the attempted use of supernatural forces and practices to change or influence normal events.
\CX12.\j\b\i conjuring.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were fascinated by the \Imagic\j\b\i of the music' (= mysterious power). \Bmagic\j\b\i, \Bmagical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like magic; \Bmagician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1jish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises magic; \Bmagically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmagic lantern\h
an old type of slide projector.
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\Hmagistrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1maj\j\b\iis-trate \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) a justice of the peace. b) a judge with power to decide minor criminal and civil cases.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Imagisterial\j\b\i manner' (= imperious, domineering). \Bmagistracy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1maj\j\b\i-istra-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the position of a magistrate, b) magistrates considered as a group. Latin \Imagister\j\b\i master
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\Hmagma\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i the molten rock layer between the inner solid core of the earth and the mantle.
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\Hmagnanimous\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nann\j\b\iimus \Padjective\p generous, forgiving or free from pettiness. \Bmagnanimity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i magna-\CX1nimm\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, generosity; \Bmagnanimously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imagnus\j\b\i great + \Ianimus\j\b\i spirit
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\Hmagnate\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has power, especially due to property, wealth or position. Latin \Imagnus\j\b\i great
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\Hmagnesia\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nee\j\b\izia \Pnoun\p a tasteless white powder used in medicine as an antacid and laxative.
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\Hmagnesium\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nee\j\b\izi-um \Pnoun\p element number 12, a light metal which burns with a very bright, white flame. It is used in lightweight alloys, many chemical processes and is essential to form chlorophyll. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i. after \IMagnesia\j\b\i, a metal-bearing region in Greece
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\Hmagnet\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of metal, usually iron, which attracts other iron objects, and aligns itself north and south when suspended.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this unexplored jungle is a \Imagnet\j\b\i to adventurers' (= attracting force). \Bmagnetise\j\b\i, \Bmagnetize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make into a magnet.
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\Hmagnetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of a substance) having a crystal structure such that, if placed in an electric field, it becomes magnetised, either permanently (\Bferromagnetic\j\b\i) or only as long as it remains in the electric field (\Belectromagnetic\j\b\i).
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to such forces: 'a \Imagnetic\j\b\i compass'.
\CX13.\j\b\i attractive: 'a \Imagnetic\j\b\i personality'. \Bmagnetism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmagnetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmagnetic disk\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdisk\j\b\i.
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\Hmagnetic flux\h
the total magnetic effect at a particular point through a given cross-section.
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\Hmagnetic ink character recognition\h
short form is \BMICR\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a form of character recognition used by various devices which identifies characters printed in a special magnetic ink and enables this information to be fed into a computer's memory. Compare \Joptical character recognition\j\b\i. M(\Iagnetic\j\b\i) I(\Ink\j\b\i) C(\Iharacter\j\b\i) R(\Iecognition\j\b\i)
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\Hmagnetic north\h
See \Jnorth\j\b\i.
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\Hmagnetic tape\h
See \Jtape\j\b\i.
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\Hmagnetite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mag\j\b\ini-tite \Pnoun\p a magnetic, black iron oxide which is an important source of iron.
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\Hmagneto\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nee\j\b\ito \Pnoun\p any of various electrical generators using magnets, especially one used to provide ignition in an internal combustion engine.
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\Hmagnificent\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1niff\j\b\ii-s'nt \Padjective\p splendid or very fine. \Bmagnificence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmagnificently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imagnificus\j\b\i grand, on a large scale
\CX11.\j\b\i to make something appear larger: 'a microscope \Imagnifies\j\b\i objects'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) to praise. \Bmagnifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that magnifies; \Bmagnification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of magnifying, b) the power to magnify, c) a magnified copy or reproduction.
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\Hmagniloquent\h
\Isay\j\b\i mag-\CX1nill\j\b\ia-kw'nt \Padjective\p pompous in speech. \Bmagniloquence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmagniloquently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imagnus\j\b\i great + \Iloquens\j\b\i speaking
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\Hmagnitude\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i size or extent.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'events of great \Imagnitude\j\b\i' (= importance).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a measure of the apparent brightness of a star.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the absolute value of a number. b) the length of a vector. Latin \Imagnitudo\j\b\i greatness
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\Hmagnolia\h
\Pnoun\p a shrub or tree with large, pink or white, waxy flowers, widely cultivated for ornament. after \IP. Magnol\j\b\i, 1638-1715, a French botanist
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\Hmagnum\h
\Pnoun\p a large wine bottle holding about two standard bottles.
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\Hmagnum opus\h
a person's greatest achievement, especially a literary work. Latin, big work
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\Hmagpie\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a large, black and white bird related to the crow and noted for its chattering. b) any of various similar, but unrelated, Australian birds which makes a warbling sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a chatterbox.
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\Hmagus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-jus \Ior\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-gus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmagi\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-jie)
an ancient priest, astrologer or wise man. Persian
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\HMagyar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mag\j\b\i-yar \Pnoun\p a person from the main ethnic group in Hungary. b) their language. \BMagyar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Hungarian
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\Hmaharajah\h
\Isay\j\b\i mah-ha-\CX1rah\j\b\i-ja \Pnoun\p maharaja a title for certain hereditary rulers in India. \Bmaharani\j\b\i, \Bmaharanee\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of maharajah; b) the wife of a maharajah. Sanskrit \Imaha\j\b\i great + \Iraja\j\b\i king
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\Hmah-jong\h
\Isay\j\b\i mah-jong \Pnoun\p mah-jongg a complex Chinese game for four people played with pieces or tiles marked with suits or families. Mandarin Chinese
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\Hmahogany\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1hogg\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tropical tree with a hard, reddish-brown wood, used for furniture.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reddish-brown colour. \Bmahogany\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmaid\h
\Pnoun\p a) an old word meaning a girl or unmarried woman. b) a female servant.
\Bold maid\j\b\i, (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a spinster.
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\Hmaiden\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word meaning a girl or young woman, especially a virgin.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i an over in which no runs are scored. Short form of \Bmaiden over\j\b\i.
\Bmaiden\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
virginal or unmarried.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Imaiden\j\b\i racehorse' (= having not yet won).
b) 'a \Imaiden\j\b\i speech' (= first).
\Bmaiden name\j\b\i, a woman's surname before marriage. \Bmaidenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmaidenhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state or time of being a maiden, b) virginity.
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\Hmaidenhair\h
\Pnoun\p a fern with fine stalks and delicate fronds.
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\Hmaidenhead\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhymen\j\b\i.
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\Hmail (1)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpost (2)\j\b\i.
\Bmail order\j\b\i, a system of buying goods by post. \Bmail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to send by post; \Bmail-order\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bmailman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmail (2)\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bchain mail\j\b\i
a flexible armour made of metal rings, chain, or small plates. \Bmail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to clothe or arm with mail.
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\Hmaim\h
\Pverb\p to cripple or injure severely.
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\Hmain\h
\Padjective\p chief or most important: 'the \Imain\j\b\i thing to remember'.
\Bmain\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the principal pipe or cable in a water, gas or electrical system, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i strength or force: 'with might and \Imain\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a poetic word for the open ocean: 'they sailed the Spanish \Imain\j\b\i'.
\Bin the main\j\b\i, mostly. \Bmainly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, chiefly.
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\Hmainframe\h
\Pnoun\p a powerful high-capacity computer used by large organisations. Compare \Jminicomputer\j\b\i and \Bmicrocomputer\j\b\i.
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\Hmainland\h
\Pnoun\p the principal land mass, as distinguished from islands.
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\Hmainline\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to inject a narcotic drug directly into the vein. \Bmainliner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmainsail\h
\Pnoun\p the principal sail hoisted from the tallest mast on a ship.
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\Hmainspring\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the chief motivating force.
\CX12.\j\b\i the principal spring of a clock, etc.
#
\Hmainstay\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the chief support.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the wire which secures the mainmast forward.
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\Hmainstream\h
\Pnoun\p the main trend in thought, fashion, etc.
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\Hmaintain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to preserve or continue: 'try and \Imaintain\j\b\i good relations with your friends'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to affirm or assert: 'she \Imaintained\j\b\i that she was totally innocent'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my parents \Imaintain\j\b\i me at boarding school' (= support financially).
b) 'my job is to \Imaintain\j\b\i the house and gardens' (= keep in good order). \Bmaintainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmaintainable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imanu\j\b\i in the hand + \Itenere\j\b\i to hold
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\Hmaintenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mane\j\b\i-ten-ance \Pnoun\p a) the act or process of maintaining. b) a means of support, such as the money paid by one partner in a marriage to the other after separation.
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\Hmaisonette\h
\Isay\j\b\i may-z'n-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a self-contained flat or small house, especially one attached to another. French, small house
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\Hmaεtre d'h⌠tel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-tra doe-\CX1tel\j\b\i a head waiter. French, master of the house
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\Hmaize\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cereal crop with large ears or spikes of edible, yellow grain.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellow colour. \Bmaize\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmajesty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1maj\j\b\i-ess-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) regal grandeur and dignity: 'the procession continued with pomp and \Imajesty\j\b\i'. b) supreme or royal authority.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a form of address for a monarch. \Bmajestic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1jest\j\b\iik), \Bmajestical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having great dignity; \Bmajestically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmajolica\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1joll\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p a variety of Italian earthenware with an opaque glaze and rich colours.
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\Hmajor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a commissioned officer in the armed forces ranking between a captain and a lieutenant colonel.
\CX12.\j\b\i a main subject of study at a university, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person of full legal age.
\Bmajor\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i greater or more important: a) 'the \Imajor\j\b\i part of my money goes on rent'; b) 'he is a \Imajor\j\b\i artist of our century'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i relating to the more normal of the two chief arrangements of the semitones in a key or scale. Compare \Jminor\j\b\i. \Bmajor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to specialise in a subject.
#
\Hmajor-general\h
\Pnoun\p an officer in the armed forces ranking between a brigadier and a lieutenant general.
#
\Hmajority\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1jorr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the greater part or number: 'the \Imajority\j\b\i of students work hard'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state or time of being of full legal age: 'I will attain my \Imajority\j\b\i next year when I turn 18'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in an election, the winner's margin over the nearest opponent; or the winning party's margin over its opposition.
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\Hmake\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmade\j\b\i, \Bmaking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to create, form or bring into existence: a) 'I \Imade\j\b\i you an apple pie'; b) 'you \Imake\j\b\i too much noise'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause something to be done, felt, etc.: a) 'they \Imade\j\b\i me clean up the mess'; b) 'what \Imakes\j\b\i a car go?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to cause to be or become: 'the worry is enough to \Imake\j\b\i me old before my time'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to perform or engage in a certain act or activity: a) 'she \Imade\j\b\i me an offer'; b) '\Imake\j\b\i love, not war'; c) 'the drinkers \Imade\j\b\i merry till dawn'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'whom shall we \Imake\j\b\i captain of the team?' (= appoint).
b) '\Imake\j\b\i the beds!' (= tidy, put into order).
c) 'we \Imade\j\b\i a fortune selling horses' (= earned).
d) 'if we include you it \Imakes\j\b\i eight of us' (= totals, adds up to).
e) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we hope to \Imake\j\b\i your place by midnight' (= reach, arrive at).
f) 'she will \Imake\j\b\i an excellent doctor' (= become, prove to be).
g) 'he \Imade\j\b\i a fine speech' (= delivered).
h) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that scene \Imade\j\b\i the whole film' (= brought success to).
i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'did you \Imake\j\b\i the team?' (= achieve selection for).
j) 'what time do you \Imake\j\b\i it?' (= estimate to be).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave it made\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to have all one needs for success, prosperity, etc.
\Bmake at\j\b\i, 'she \Imade at\j\b\i me with an axe' (= lunged at).
\Bmake do\j\b\i, 'we'll have to \Imake do\j\b\i without electricity' (= manage, get by).
\Bmake for\j\b\i, a) 'the thief suddenly \Imade for\j\b\i the window' (= moved towards); b) 'a friendly boss \Imakes for\j\b\i smooth running of the office' (= helps to create).
\Bmake it\j\b\i, a) to achieve one's goal; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to have sexual intercourse with.
\Bmake of\j\b\i, 'what do you \Imake of\j\b\i this?' (= reckon it to be, judge of it).
\Bmake off with\j\b\i, to steal.
\Bmade out\j\b\i, a) 'she \Imade out\j\b\i a cheque' (= wrote); b) 'he can't \Imake out\j\b\i your writing' (= decipher, understand); c) 'are you \Imaking\j\b\i me \Iout\j\b\i to be stupid?' (= suggesting).
\Bmake up\j\b\i, a) to comprise or be comprised of; b) to put together; c) 'he \Imade up\j\b\i the whole story' (= invented); d) 'you will have to \Imake up\j\b\i the time you have wasted' (= supply, give); e) 'they \Imade up\j\b\i after the quarrel' (= became friends again); f) to apply make-up to; g) '\Imake up\j\b\i your mind' (= bring to a decision).
\Bmake up to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to try to gain favour by fawning, flattery, etc.
\Bmake\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the way or style in which something is made: 'this table is of a sturdy \Imake\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what \Imake\j\b\i is your car?' (= brand).
\Bon the make\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) seeking personal gain or advantage. \Bmaker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmakeshift\h
\Padjective\p serving as a temporary substitute or alternative: 'we made a \Imakeshift\j\b\i shelter for the night'. \Bmakeshift\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmake-up\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any product used on the face to improve its appearance, etc. b) the cosmetics, wigs, etc. used by an actor.
\CX12.\j\b\i the manner of being put together.
\CX13.\j\b\i physical or mental constitution.
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\Hmaking\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the cause of success or advancement: 'that could be the \Imaking\j\b\i of her'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the material from which something can be made, such as the papers and tobacco for rolling cigarettes: 'she has the \Imakings\j\b\i of a fine yoga teacher'.
#
\Hmal-\h
a prefix meaning bad or wrongful, as in \Imaltreat\j\b\i.
#
\Hmalacca\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1lakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a brown, cane walking stick made from the stem of a palm tree. after \IMalacca\j\b\i, a district in Malaysia
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\Hmalachite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mall\j\b\ia-kite \Pnoun\p a green mineral ore of copper, used for decoration.
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\Hmaladjusted\h
\Isay\j\b\i malla-\CX1just\j\b\iid \Padjective\p badly adjusted, especially of a person who cannot relate successfully to people or surroundings. \Bmaladjustment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition of being maladjusted.
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\Hmaladministration\h
\Pnoun\p bad management, especially of public matters.
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\Hmaladroit\h
\Isay\j\b\i malla-\CX1droy\j\b\it \Padjective\p clumsy or awkward. \Bmaladroitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmaladroitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalady\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1malla\j\b\i-dee \Pnoun\p a disorder or disease.
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\Hmalaise\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-\CX1aze\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a general feeling of unexplained discomfort or weakness. French \Imal\j\b\i bad + \Iaise\j\b\i ease
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\Hmalapropism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mall\j\b\ia-prop-izm \Pnoun\p a) the inappropriate or unsuitable use of words: 'it is a \Imalapropism\j\b\i to say credible when you mean credulous'. b) a word or expression which has been so misused. from \IMrs Malaprop\j\b\i, a character in Sheridan's 'The Rivals' who confused words in this way
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\Hmalaria\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1lair\j\b\iee-a \Pnoun\p a recurrent disease transmitted by mosquitoes and causing fevers and chills. \Bmalarial\j\b\i, \Bmalarious\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Italian \Imala\j\b\i bad + \Iaria\j\b\i air
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\Hmalcontent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mal\j\b\ikon-tent \Pnoun\p a person who is discontented and inclined to rebel. \Bmalcontent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person of the sex which fertilises the female but does not give birth to children; a man or boy. b) any animal of this sex.
\CX12.\j\b\i the parts of a plant which fertilise the female parts. \Bmale\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of a male, b) (of a machine part, etc.) designed to fit into a corresponding part.
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\Hmalediction\h
\Isay\j\b\i malla-\CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a curse. \Bmaledictory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmalefactor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mall\j\b\ii-fakta \Pnoun\p a criminal or wrongdoer.
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\Hmaleficent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1leff\j\b\ii-s'nt \Padjective\p harmful or doing harm. \Bmaleficence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalevolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1levv\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p showing ill will or wishing harm to others. \Bmalevolently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmalevolence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalfeasance\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-\CX1fee\j\b\izence \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i an unlawful act.
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\Hmalformed\h
\Padjective\p badly formed or shaped, especially of an animal or plant. \Bmalformation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalfunction\h
\Pnoun\p a failure by equipment to perform the work which was expected due to a technical or mechanical breakdown. \Bmalfunction\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmalibu\h
\Pnoun\p a type of surfboard.
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\Hmalice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mall\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a desire or intention to hurt or cause suffering.
full of or showing malice. \Bmaliciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmaliciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalign\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1line\j\b\i \Pverb\p to slander or speak ill of someone.
\Bmalign\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
causing evil or injury: 'the hardened criminal has a \Imalign\j\b\i influence over his son'. \Bmalignly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmaligner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who maligns; \Bmalignity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1lig\j\b\ini-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) ill will, b) a malign act.
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\Hmalignant\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1lig\j\b\i-nant \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeling or showing extreme ill will.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i (of diseases, etc.) tending to cause death. Compare \Jbenign\j\b\i. \Bmalignantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmalignance\j\b\i, \Bmalignancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmalinger\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1ling\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to pretend to be ill, especially in order to escape work, etc. \Bmalingerer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmall\h
\Isay\j\b\i mawl \Ior\j\b\i mal \Pnoun\p a covered shopping area for pedestrians.
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\Hmallard\h
\Pnoun\p the common European wild duck, the female having brown plumage and the male a dark green head.
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\Hmalleable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mall\j\b\iia-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be hammered into thin sheets or rolled into shape. Compare \Jductile\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily influenced. \Bmalleability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mallia-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imalleus\j\b\i a hammer
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\Hmallee\h
\Pnoun\p a stunted variety of eucalypt found in dry areas. Aboriginal
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\Hmallee fowl\h
a brown, speckled, Australian bird which hatches its eggs in a mound of decaying vegetation.
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\Hmallet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hammer, especially one with a wooden head.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long-handled, wooden stick used to strike the ball in polo and croquet.
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\Hmalnutrition\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-new-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p poor nutrition due to a lack of the correct foods, especially vitamins or protein.
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\Hmalodorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-\CX1o\j\b\i-der-us \Padjective\p having an unpleasant smell.
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\Hmalpractice\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-\CX1prak\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p any improper conduct, especially by a professional person.
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\Hmalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i mawlt \Pnoun\p a) a germinated grain, often barley, used in brewing and distillation. b) malt extract. \Bmalt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make with malt, b) to convert grain into malt.
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\HMalthusian\h
\Isay\j\b\i mal-\CX1thew\j\b\izian \Padjective\p of or based on the theory that population growth must be checked to prevent food shortages. after \IT. R. Malthus\j\b\i, 1766-1834, an English political economist who developed the theory
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\Hmaltreat\h
\Pverb\p to treat badly or cruelly. \Bmaltreatment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmama\h
\Pnoun\p mamma mother.
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\Hmamba\h
\Pnoun\p a deadly poisonous African tree-snake. Zulu
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\Hmambo\h
\Pnoun\p a dance of Latin-American origin. \Bmambo\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to dance the mambo. West Indian
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\Hmammal\h
\Pnoun\p a member of the group of vertebrates whose young feed on milk from the mother's breast. \Bmammalian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1may\j\b\ilian), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imamma\j\b\i breast
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\Hmammary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mamma\j\b\i-ree \Padjective\p of or relating to the breast. Latin \Imamma\j\b\i breast
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\Hmammary gland\h
the milk-producing gland in female mammals.
In humans this is called the \Bbreast\j\b\i, and in other mammals it is called the \Budder\j\b\i.
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\Hmammogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mam\j\b\i-o-gram \Pnoun\p an X-ray taken of the breasts for early detection of tumours. \Bmammography\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1mog\j\b\ira-fee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmammon\h
\Pnoun\p wealth or riches. after \IMammon\j\b\i, wealth and greed personified in the Bible as a false god
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\Hmammoth\h
\Pnoun\p an extinct elephant.
\Bmammoth\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
huge or gigantic.
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\Hman\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmen\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an adult male human being.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person, especially an adult: 'give a \Iman\j\b\i a chance'.
\CX13.\j\b\i humankind: '\Iman\j\b\i dreams of conquering the elements'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a male servant or subordinate.
\CX15.\j\b\i a person who shows the supposed masculine virtues of courage, etc.: 'take it like a \Iman\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i one of the pieces used in playing certain games, such as chess, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bman about town\j\b\i, a person with an active social life.
\Bman of the world\j\b\i, a person of wide experience.
\Bthe man in the street\j\b\i, a person supposed to represent the most common point of view.
\Bto a man\j\b\i, \Bto the last man\j\b\i, 'they agreed to stay and fight \Ito a man\j\b\i' (= without exception).
\Bman\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmanned\j\b\i, \Bmanning\j\b\i)
to supply with personnel, especially for defence: 'to \Iman\j\b\i a fortress'. \Bmanly\j\b\i, \Bmanful\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, having the qualities considered appropriate to a man; \Bmanfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmanliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmanhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or time of being a man. \Bman\j\b\i has given rise to a great deal of controversy. It used to be completely acceptable to use \Iman\j\b\i to mean both mankind: '\Iman\j\b\i destroyed the environment', and a human being: 'no \Iman\j\b\i is completely honest'. Many people now object to this and believe a term should be used which represents women as well as men.
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\Hmanacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a shackle or handcuff. \Bmanacle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to restrain with manacles. Latin \Imanicula\j\b\i little hand
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\Hmanage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\iij \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to control or handle something properly or successfully: 'she can certainly \Imanage\j\b\i that horse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to succeed in doing something: 'she \Imanaged\j\b\i to sell her car for a good price'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'how are you \Imanaging\j\b\i without a car?' (= succeeding).
\Bmanagement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or manner of managing: 'their \Imanagement\j\b\i of the children is excellent'. b) executive skills or ability: 'the young woman was trained in \Imanagement\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or group in charge of a business. \Bmanager\j\b\i, \Bmanageress\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who manages, especially a person in charge of a business; \Bmanagerial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i manna-\CX1jeer\j\b\iial), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a manager; \Bmanageable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p cotton or linen goods such as sheets, pillowcases, tablecloths, etc. after \IManchester\j\b\i, England, where such fabrics or goods are made
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\Hmandala\h
\Isay\j\b\i man-\CX1dah\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a sacred or magical diagram, often a circle representing the universe, used for meditation, etc. in certain Eastern religions.
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\Hmandarin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, sweet, orange citrus fruit.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a member of any of the nine ranks of public officials during the Chinese Empire.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the language of north and west China, including the dialect spoken in Beijing, upon which the official language of China is based.
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\Hmandate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a command or order.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the instruction given by an electorate to its representative, expressed by the result of an election: 'the winning party may consider itself to have a \Imandate\j\b\i from the people to carry out its policies'. b) the commission given to one nation to administer the government and affairs of a territory, colony, etc. \Bmandatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1man\j\b\ida-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or like a mandate, b) obliging or permitting no choice.
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\Hmandible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mand\j\b\ii-b'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the bottom part of a bird's beak.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the lower, movable jawbone. \Bmandibular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i man-\CX1dib\j\b\i-yoola), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imandere\j\b\i to chew
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\Hmandolin\h
\Isay\j\b\i manda-\CX1lin\j\b\i \Pnoun\p mandoline a musical instrument similar to the lute, usually having four pairs of metal strings plucked with a plectrum. \Bmandolinist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmandrake\h
\Pnoun\p a narcotic herb.
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\Hmandrel\h
\Pnoun\p mandril a shaft or spindle in a lathe, etc., used to support pieces being worked on.
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\Hmandrill\h
\Pnoun\p a large West African baboon with a beard and mane, the male having blue and scarlet markings on its face and buttocks.
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\Hmane\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the long hair on the neck of animals such as horses, lions, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any long or thick hair.
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\HmanΦge\h
\Isay\j\b\i man-\CX1aje\j\b\i \Pnoun\p horsemanship. French, training
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\Hmanganese\h
\Isay\j\b\i man-ga-\CX1neez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p element number 25, a hard brittle metal element used to strengthen alloys, especially steel. See \Jtransition\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i.
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\Hmange\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i strange \Pnoun\p any of a group of skin diseases due to parasitic mites, causing scab-like sores and loss of hair, usually in animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) shabby or decrepit.
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\Hmanger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mane\j\b\i-ja \Pnoun\p a box or trough from which cattle or horses feed.
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\Hmangle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p to cut or damage something badly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Imangled\j\b\i his speech on television' (= ruined through mistakes).
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\Hmangle (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwringer\j\b\i
a device which squeezes water out of clothes, etc. by pressing them between rollers. \Bmangle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmango\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1man\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p an oblong tropical fruit having yellow flesh.
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\Hmangrove\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of low trees with exposed roots, usually found in tropical tidal swamps.
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\Hmanhandle\h
\Pverb\p to handle roughly.
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\Hmanhole\h
\Pnoun\p a hole, usually with a cover, through which a person may enter a boiler, sewer, etc.
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\Hmanhood\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jman\j\b\i.
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\Hman-hour\h
\Pnoun\p an hour of work done by one person, used as an industrial time unit.
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\Hmania\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-nia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a great excitement or enthusiasm.
\CX12.\j\b\i an uncontrollable and often violent form of insanity. \Bmanic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or produced by a mania.
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\H-mania\h
a suffix indicating an extreme enthusiasm or desire for something, as in \Imegalomania\j\b\i. Greek, madness
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\Hmaniac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-nee-ak \Pnoun\p a mad person. \Bmaniacal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1nie\j\b\i-a-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of mania.
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\Hmanic-depression\h
\Pnoun\p a mental disorder marked by alternate moods of excitement and depression. \Bmanic-depressive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmanicure\h
\Pverb\p to treat or care for the hands and fingernails. \Bmanicure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmanicurist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who manicures. Latin \Imanus\j\b\i hand + \Icura\j\b\i care
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\Hmanifest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\ii-fest \Padjective\p plain or obvious: 'he told a \Imanifest\j\b\i lie'.
\Bmanifest\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to show clearly: 'his guilt was \Imanifested\j\b\i in court'.
a) the act of manifesting. b) a sign or indication: 'their house is a \Imanifestation\j\b\i of their wealth'. \Bmanifestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmanifesto\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmanifestos\j\b\i
a statement, as by a political party, which explains actions, intentions or policies.
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\Hmanifold\h
\Padjective\p many and various: 'she performs \Imanifold\j\b\i duties at work'.
\Bmanifold\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a pipe or chamber with a number of inlets or outlets, such as one used for conducting air and fuel into, or exhaust gases out of, an internal combustion engine.
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\Hmanikin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\ii-kin \Pnoun\p mannikin \CX11.\j\b\i a dwarf or small man.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tailor's dummy.
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\Hmanila paper\h
a strong, light brown paper used to make envelopes, folders, etc.
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\Hmanipulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1nip\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to handle or manage something skilfully.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Imanipulates\j\b\i people for his own ends' (= manages or influences cleverly).
\Bmanipulation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of manipulating, such as the moving of a body joint beyond its normal range of movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i any skilful or artful management. \Bmanipulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmanipulative\j\b\i, \Bmanipulatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hmankind\h
\Pnoun\p all living people.
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\Hmanly\h
\Padjective\p See \Jman\j\b\i.
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\Hmanna\h
\Pnoun\p anything valuable which is received unexpectedly. Hebrew, of the bread God rained from heaven upon the famished Israelites in the desert, according to the account in the Bible, Exodus 16
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\Hmannequin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1manni\j\b\i-kin \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a fashion model.
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\Hmanner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the way in which something happens or is done: a) 'do it in the \Imanner\j\b\i I have shown you'; b) 'he kissed her hand in the French \Imanner\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I don't like her \Imanner\j\b\i at all' (= way of speaking or behaving).
b) 'what \Imanner\j\b\i of person is he?' (= type, sort).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) ways of behaving, especially in relation to correct, polite or accepted social standards: 'bad \Imanners\j\b\i'.
\Bin a manner of speaking\j\b\i, in a way. \Bmannered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having a particular sort of manners, b) having artificial mannerisms; \Bmannerly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, polite.
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\Hmannerism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mann\j\b\ia-rizm \Pnoun\p a distinctive habit or way of behaving, often affected.
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\Hmannikin\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmanikin\j\b\i.
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\Hmannish\h
\Padjective\p like a man. \Bmannishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmannishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmanoeuvre\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1noo\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmaneuver\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a planned and organised movement, as of troops, warships, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any clever or skilful moves or methods. \Bmanoeuvre\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bmanoeuvrable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French
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\Hman-of-war\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a warship.
\CX12.\j\b\i a Portuguese man-of-war.
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\Hmanometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1nomm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas or a liquid.
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\Hmanor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i the house and lands of a feudal lord.
\CX12.\j\b\i any large estate. \Bmanorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1naw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmanpower\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the physical power of a person or persons, especially in relation to work.
\CX12.\j\b\i power as measured by the number of people available or required.
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\HmanquΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mong\j\b\i-kay \Padjective\p unsuccessful or unfulfilled: 'the theatre critic was really an actor \ImanquΘ\j\b\i'. French, failed
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\Hmansard\h
\Pnoun\p a roof in which the angle of the slope changes halfway, the lower half being steeper than the upper.
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\Hmanse\h
\Pnoun\p the home of a member of the clergy, especially a Presbyterian.
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\Hmansion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1man\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a large, elaborate house usually with extensive grounds around it.
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\Hmanslaughter\h
\Isay\j\b\i man-\CX1slaw\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p the unintentional killing of a person. Compare \Jmurder\j\b\i.
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\Hmanta ray\h
a large ray found in tropical waters and growing to about 6 m in length.
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\Hmantelpiece\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bchimneypiece\j\b\i
a structure above and around a fireplace, usually with a projecting shelf.
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\Hmantilla\h
\Pnoun\p a woman's lace headscarf, attached to a comb and falling over the shoulders, worn in Spain.
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\Hmantissa\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the decimal part of a logarithm. See \Jcharacteristic\j\b\i.
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\Hmantle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a woman's cloak.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which covers or conceals: 'a \Imantle\j\b\i of fog'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the layer of solid rock between the earth's crust and the magma.
\CX14.\j\b\i a fine network placed over a gas flame and heated so that it becomes white hot and produces brilliant light. \Bmantle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or as if with a mantle.
#
\Hmantra\h
\Pnoun\p a Hindu or Buddhist sacred sound or chant.
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\Hmanual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1man\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or done with the hands: '\Imanual\j\b\i labour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i using human rather than mechanical or automatic power: '\Imanual\j\b\i gears in a car'.
\Bmanual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a book providing information or instruction.
\CX12.\j\b\i the keyboard of an organ, etc., played with the hands. Latin \Imanus\j\b\i hand
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\Hmanufacture\h
\Isay\j\b\i man-yoo-\CX1fak\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a) the making or producing of goods by hand or machinery. b) the goods produced: 'their \Imanufactures\j\b\i are of good quality'.
\Bmanufacture\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or produce goods, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I shall have to \Imanufacture\j\b\i an excuse to escape doing the work' (= invent). \Bmanufacturer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who manufactures goods; \Bmanufacturing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of producing goods. Latin \Imanu\j\b\i by hand + \Ifactus\j\b\i made
to release a slave. \Bmanumission\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmanure\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1new\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p the excrement of animals, or a substance with similar properties, put in the soil to fertilise it. \Bmanure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to add manure to.
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\Hmanuscript\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1man\j\b\i-yoo-skript \Pnoun\p a handwritten or typed copy of an article, book, report, etc., before it is printed. Latin \Imanus\j\b\i hand + \Iscriptum\j\b\i writing
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\Hmanx cat\h
one of a breed of short-haired tail-less cats with long hind legs. \IManx\j\b\i, of the Isle of Man
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\Hmany\h
\Padjective\p (\Bmore\j\b\i, \Bmost\j\b\i)
a large number of: '\Imany\j\b\i people have their own homes'.
\Bmany\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iused with plural \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a large number: '\Imany\j\b\i of them were killed'.
\Bhow many\j\b\i?, what number?
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\HMaori\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i dowry \Pnoun\p a) a member of the Polynesian peoples who are native to New Zealand or the Cook Islands. b) their languages. Compare \Jpakeha\j\b\i. \BMaori\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmap\h
\Pnoun\p an illustration of part or all of the surface of the earth, a planet, etc.
\Bput on the map\j\b\i, 'the famous author has \Iput\j\b\i Australia \Ion the map\j\b\i' (= made well known). \Bmap\j\b\i (\Bmapped\j\b\i, \Bmapping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make or put on a map, b) to sketch a plan of something.
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\Hmaple\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs including the sugar maple, ornamental varieties and ones used for timber.
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\Hmaple syrup\h
a sweet, thick syrup made from the sap of a variety of maple tree.
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\Hmaquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1ket\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small, trial model for a sculpture.
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\Hmar\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmarred\j\b\i, \Bmarring\j\b\i)
to spoil or damage.
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\Hmarabou\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\ia-boo \Pnoun\p a tall West African, carrion-eating stork with soft feathers under the wings and tail which are used for trimming clothes, etc.
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\Hmaraca\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rakk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a percussion instrument consisting of a gourd filled with dried seeds, etc.
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\Hmarathon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-distance race, especially a foot race of about 42 km.
\CX12.\j\b\i any long test or competition of endurance.
\Bmarathon\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
long and difficult: 'she completed the task after a \Imarathon\j\b\i effort'. from the running of a messenger to Athens to tell of the Greek victory at the \IBattle of Marathon\j\b\i in 490 \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Hmaraud\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rawd\j\b\i \Pverb\p to raid in search of plunder. \Bmarauder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French, vagabond
#
\Hmarble\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a form of hard limestone, usually veined or mottled, which is cut and polished for use in buildings, statues, etc. b) a statue or other object made from this substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a small ball of stone or glass, which is used in a children's game. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the game itself. \Bmarble\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to colour or stain something like marble; \Bmarble\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like marble; \Bmarbling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, marble-like decoration.
#
\Hmarcasite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\ika-site \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a brass-coloured mineral consisting of iron pyrites, used for jewellery.
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\Hmarch (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) to walk with measured and regular steps, like soldiers. b) to cause to march: 'the prisoners were \Imarched\j\b\i to their cells'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of marching. b) the distance covered by marching: 'a 10 km \Imarch\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Imarch\j\b\i of time' (= advance).
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of music to accompany marching.
\Bsteal a march\j\b\i, to gain or take an advantage. French \Imarcher\j\b\i to walk
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\Hmarch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i an area of land along the border of a country.
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\HMarch (3)\h
\Pnoun\p the third month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. after the ancient Roman god \IMars\j\b\i
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\Hmarching orders\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) instructions to leave.
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\Hmarchioness\h
\Isay\j\b\i marsha-\CX1ness\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmarquise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mar-\CX1keez\j\b\i)
a) the feminine form of marquess. b) the wife of a marquess.
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\Hmare (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p a female horse or pony, more than three years old.
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\Hmare (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-ray \Pnoun\p any of several large dark plains on the moon. Latin, sea
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\Hmare's nest\h
the boasted discovery of something which does not and could not exist.
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\Hmargarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i marja-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a substitute for butter made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
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\Hmargin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-jin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the space between writing and the edge of a page.
\CX12.\j\b\i any edge.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i the difference between the cost and the selling price.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she won by a narrow \Imargin\j\b\i' (= amount).
b) 'leave yourself a \Imargin\j\b\i of 10 minutes' (= extra amount).
\Bmarginal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or situated on a margin: '\Imarginal\j\b\i notes'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Imarginal\j\b\i seat in the election' (= closely contested).
b) 'they only had \Imarginal\j\b\i provisions to last the winter' (= barely sufficient).
\Bmarginalise, marginalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove from a position of power or control and place in a relatively trivial position. \Bmarginally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmarginalise, marginalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmarguerite\h
\Isay\j\b\i marga-\CX1reet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any of a group of white, pink or yellow daisies produced on a small, evergreen shrub. Latin \Imargarita\j\b\i pearl
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\Hmarigold\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\ii-gold \Pnoun\p a garden plant with bright yellow or orange flowers.
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\Hmarijuana\h
\Isay\j\b\i marra-\CX1wah\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p marihuana also called \BIndian hemp\j\b\i or \Bcannabis\j\b\i
a hemp plant whose leaves and flowers are dried and used as a drug, usually by smoking as cigarettes. Spanish \IMaria Juana\j\b\i Mary Jane
#
\Hmarimba\h
\Pnoun\p an African musical instrument similar to a large xylophone.
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\Hmarina\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1reen\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a harbour with individual berths for small boats and yachts. Italian
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\Hmarinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to soak meat or game in a seasoned liquid to increase the flavour and make it more tender.
\Bmarinade\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the seasoned liquid, such as wine, in which food is marinated. Spanish \Imarinada\j\b\i pickle
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\Hmarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing in or produced by the sea: '\Imarine\j\b\i life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to the sea or shipping, etc.: '\Imarine\j\b\i navigation'.
\Bmarine\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a soldier who serves at sea as well as on land. Latin \Imarinus\j\b\i of the sea
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\Hmariner\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\iina \Pnoun\p an old word for a sailor.
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\Hmarionette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\iia-net \Pnoun\p a puppet moved by strings.
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\Hmarital\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\ii-t'l \Padjective\p of or relating to marriage. Latin \Imaritus\j\b\i matrimonial
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\Hmaritime\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1marr\j\b\ii-time \Padjective\p of or relating to the sea or ships.
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\Hmarjoram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\ija-r'm \Pnoun\p a herb with small purplish-white flowers, used in cooking.
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\Hmark (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a visible impression: a) 'a finger \Imark\j\b\i'; b) 'a dirty \Imark\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i a clean catch of the ball by a player.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this gift is a \Imark\j\b\i of our esteem' (= token).
b) 'a punctuation \Imark\j\b\i' (= symbol).
c) 'nearly everyone got good \Imarks\j\b\i this term' (= ratings).
d) 'her arrow hit the \Imark\j\b\i' (= target).
e) 'what are the \Imarks\j\b\i of a good school?' (= distinguishing features).
f) 'her manners are not up to the \Imark\j\b\i' (= established standard).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bleave one's mark\j\b\i, 'he \Ileft his mark\j\b\i on the business world' (= had distinct effect).
\Bmake one's mark\j\b\i, to be successful.
\Bon your marks\j\b\i, (\IAthletics\j\b\i) take your starting positions.
\Bmark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put a mark or sign on: 'the cattle were \Imarked\j\b\i with a brand'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) \Imark\j\b\i my words, it will rain' (= pay attention to).
b) 'the day was \Imarked\j\b\i by brilliant sunshine' (= distinguished).
c) 'he is a \Imarked\j\b\i man' (= chosen as a victim, etc).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i a) to take a mark. b) to stay close to an opponent.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmark down\j\b\i, to reduce the price of.
\Bmark off\j\b\i, to separate by a line, etc.
\Bmark out\j\b\i, 'she was \Imarked out\j\b\i for early promotion' (= singled out).
\Bmark time\j\b\i, a) (\IMilitary\j\b\i) to march on the one spot; b) to wait.
\Bmark up\j\b\i, a) to increase the price of; b) to mark with notations or symbols. \Bmarker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that marks; \Bmarked\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very noticeable; \Bmarkedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmarking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mark or a series of marks, as on an animal.
#
\Hmark (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the main unit of money in Germany.
#
\Hmarket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area where people meet to buy and sell goods, especially food.
\CX12.\j\b\i any institution or group of people involved in trade, exchange, etc.: 'the stock \Imarket\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the world gold \Imarket\j\b\i' (= trade).
b) 'there is no \Imarket\j\b\i for cars here' (= demand).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the market for\j\b\i, wanting to buy.
\Bmarket price\j\b\i, the price at which a thing is currently selling.
\Bon the market\j\b\i, for sale.
\Bplay the market\j\b\i, to speculate on the stock exchange.
\Bmarket\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to buy or sell in a market. \Bmarketable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fit or easy to sell; \Bmarketeer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmarket garden\h
land or a garden on which fruit or vegetables are grown for sale.
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\Hmarket research\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i the systematic investigation of what is the likely market for a product, how well some product is known, etc.
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\Hmarksman\h
\Pnoun\p a person who shoots firearms accurately. \Bmarksmanship\j\b\i, the art of accurate shooting.
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\Hmarl\h
\Pnoun\p a deposit of clay and calcium carbonate, often used as a fertiliser.
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\Hmarlin\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, strong fish with a spear-like snout. from \Bmarlinespike\j\b\i, whose shape it resembles
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\Hmarlinespike\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a heavy, metal pin used to separate strands of rope in splicing.
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\Hmarmalade\h
\Pnoun\p a jelly-like preserve made from oranges and other citrus fruit. Portuguese \Imarmelada\j\b\i quince conserve
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\Hmarmoset\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\ima-zet \Pnoun\p a small monkey with soft, woolly fur and a bushy tail, found in tropical America. Old French \Imarmouset\j\b\i grotesque little figure
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\Hmarmot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\imot \Pnoun\p a small burrowing rodent which resembles a squirrel, found in the Alps and other mountains of Europe, and recognisable by its piercing scream.
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\Hmaroon (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1roon\j\b\i a moderate brownish-red colour. \Bmaroon\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \Imarron\j\b\i chestnut
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\Hmaroon (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1roon\j\b\i \Pverb\p to isolate or strand, as after a shipwreck.
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\Hmarquee\h
\Isay\j\b\i mar\CX1kee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a large tent or tent-like canopy used for entertaining outdoors.
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\Hmarquess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-kwis \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmarquis\j\b\i
a nobleman who ranks between a duke and an earl.
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\Hmarquetry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mark\j\b\ii-tree \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bmarqueterie\j\b\i
any inlaid work of coloured woods or other materials, especially in furniture.
#
\Hmarquis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-kwis \Pnoun\p a foreign title equivalent to marquess.
#
\Hmarriage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal agreement between a man and a woman to live together according to the customs of their religion or society.
\CX12.\j\b\i any union: 'the \Imarriage\j\b\i of true minds'. \Bmarriageable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hmarrow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the soft, sometimes liquid, tissue in which blood cells are formed, and which fills the hollow spaces within bones.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large oblong edible fruit, usually cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
\Bmarrow-bone\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a bone containing edible fatty tissue.
#
\Hmarry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmarried\j\b\i, \Bmarrying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to join or be joined in marriage.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a priest or civil official) to join as husband and wife.
#
\HMars\h
\Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system next to the earth and fourth from the sun. after the ancient Roman god \IMars\j\b\i
#
\HMarsala\h
\Isay\j\b\i mar-\CX1sah\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a sweet dark, fortified wine. first made in \IMarsala\j\b\i, Sicily
#
\Hmarsh\h
\Pnoun\p a swamp. \Bmarshy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to arrange in an orderly manner: 'to \Imarshal\j\b\i troops for the parade'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lead or conduct.
\Bmarshal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who marshals or organises.
\CX12.\j\b\i the highest ranking officer: 'a field \Imarshal\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i an officer appointed to carry out court orders.
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\Hmarsh gas\h
methane.
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\Hmarshmallow\h
\Pnoun\p a soft, spongy sweet made with gelatine, sugar and flavouring.
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\Hmarsupial\h
\Isay\j\b\i mar-\CX1soo\j\b\ipiul \Pnoun\p any of a group of primitive mammals which produce living young in a very immature state, the development of the offspring being completed in a pouch on the mother's abdomen. \Bmarsupial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Imarsipos\j\b\i a purse or bag
#
\Hmart\h
\Pnoun\p a market.
#
\Hmarten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-tin \Pnoun\p a) any of various slender, furry, flesh-eating animals found in northern areas of America and Canada. b) the dark brown fur of such an animal.
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\Hmartial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p of or relating to war or the armed forces.
#
\Hmartial art\h
any fighting technique which has developed to the level of an art, e.g. karate and fencing.
#
\Hmartial law\h
a temporary government of a country by military rule and the superseding of civil law during a serious internal or external crisis.
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\HMartian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to Mars, especially one of an imaginary race of beings inhabiting Mars.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person believed to come from the planet Mars.
#
\Hmartinet\h
\Isay\j\b\i martin-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who enforces strict discipline. after \IJean Martinet\j\b\i, a 17th-century French army officer
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\Hmartingale\h
\Pnoun\p a forked strap passing between a horse's forelegs from the girth to the bridle, used to keep its head down.
#
\Hmartyr\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who chooses death or great suffering rather than give up a belief or religion.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who undergoes constant suffering.
\Bmake a martyr of oneself\j\b\i, to inconvenience oneself unnecessarily in order to gain pity or praise.
\Bmartyrdom\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the suffering or death of a martyr. \Bmartyr\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put to death as a martyr, b) to make a martyr of, c) to torment or torture. Greek, a witness
#
\Hmarvel\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmarvelled\j\b\i, \Bmarvelling\j\b\i)
to wonder or be very surprised.
\Bmarvel\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is marvellous.
#
\Hmarvellous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mar\j\b\iva-lus \Padjective\p astonishing or wonderful: 'he's a \Imarvellous\j\b\i cook'. \Bmarvellously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmarvellousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\HMarxism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mark\j\b\i-sizm \Pnoun\p a political and economic theory which states that the struggle between social classes determines historical change, and must lead inevitably to the replacement of capitalism by communism. \BMarxist\j\b\i, \BMarxian\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. after Karl \IMarx\j\b\i, 1818-83, a German political philosopher
#
\Hmarzipan\h
\Pnoun\p a rich, sugary sweet made from ground almonds, sugar and eggwhites.
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\Hmascara\h
\Isay\j\b\i mass-\CX1kar\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a coloured substance applied to the eyelashes to make them darker or thicker. Spanish, mask
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\Hmascot\h
\Pnoun\p a person, animal or object believed to bring good luck.
#
\Hmasculine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-kewlin \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the male sex.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the qualities said to be appropriate to males.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jgender\j\b\i. \Bmasculinity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mass-kew-\CX1linni\j\b\i-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmaser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-zer \Pnoun\p an electronic device for amplifying microwaves and providing an output of precisely determined frequency, used in improving radar, radio, radio astronomy, satellite communications, etc. from \Bm\j\b\i(icrowave) \Ba\j\b\i(mplification) by \Bs\j\b\i(timulated) \Be\j\b\i(mission) of \Br\j\b\i(adiation)
#
\Hmash\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any soft, pulpy mass.
\CX12.\j\b\i a soaked or boiled mixture of grains, such as is fed to livestock, etc.
\Bmasher\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an instrument used for mashing: 'a potato \Imasher\j\b\i'. \Bmash\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to crush or beat to a mash.
#
\Hmask\h
\Pnoun\p a covering for the face, worn for protection, disguise, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Imask\j\b\i of friendliness' (= disguise, pretence). \Bmask\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to wear a mask, b) to hide or disguise.
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\Hmasochism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\ia-kizm \Pnoun\p a pleasure, especially sexual pleasure, in one's own suffering, pain or humiliation. \Bmasochist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who indulges in masochism; \Bmasochistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i massa-\CX1kis\j\b\i-tik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmasochistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. after \ILeopold von Sacher-Masoch\j\b\i, 1836-1895, an Austrian novelist who described this condition
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\Hmason\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who works with or builds in stone or brick.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of a mutual-aid fraternity of Freemasons, which has initiation rites which were originally secret. \Bmasonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1sonn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HMasonite\h
\Pnoun\p a building material formed in sheets from compacted wood fibre. a trademark
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\Hmasonry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-s'n-ree \Pnoun\p a) stonework or brickwork. b) the trade or skill of a mason.
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\Hmasque\h
\Isay\j\b\i mahsk \Pnoun\p a form of entertainment popular in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, which consisted of songs, dances, poetry and mime.
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\Hmasquerade\h
\Isay\j\b\i mass-ka-\CX1rade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a social function at which masks and disguises are worn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pretence or false appearance. \Bmasquerade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bmasquerader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Spanish \Imascara\j\b\i a mask
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\Hmass (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large body or amount: 'an iceberg is a floating \Imass\j\b\i of ice'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Imass\j\b\i of the spectators sat out in the open' (= main part).
b) 'the sheer \Imass\j\b\i of the mountain overawed us' (= bulk).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the fundamental quantity describing the resistance of a body to an accelerating force and expressed in kilograms. Compare \Jweight\j\b\i.
\Bthe masses\j\b\i, the great body of ordinary people. \Bmass\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form or gather into a mass.
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\HMass (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the celebration of the Eucharist.
\CX12.\j\b\i a musical setting of some of the fixed portions of the Mass.
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\Hmassacre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p the merciless killing of large numbers of people or animals. \Bmassacre\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French
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\Hmassage\h
\Isay\j\b\i mass-ar\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the rubbing and kneading of the muscles and joints of the body to relieve stiffness, etc. \Bmassage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bmassager\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who gives massages; \Bmasseur\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mass-\CX1er\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a male massager; \Bmasseuse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mass-\CX1erz\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a female massager.
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\Hmassif\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-eef \Pnoun\p a compact part of a mountain range, rising into peaks towards the summit.
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\Hmassive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\iiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very large, heavy and solid: 'a \Imassive\j\b\i oak table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i extensive and severe: 'a \Imassive\j\b\i haemorrhage'. \Bmassively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmassiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmass number\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Compare \Jatomic number\j\b\i.
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\Hmass production\h
the making of goods in very large amounts by standardised processes.
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\Hmass spectrograph\h
a device which measures the mass of ions from their deflections when they are passed through electric and magnetic fields.
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\Hmast (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i mahst \Pnoun\p an upright pole, especially one rising from the deck or the keel of a boat for carrying flags, radio aerials, sails, etc.
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\Hmast (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i mahst \Pnoun\p a mixture of acorns, chestnuts, etc., used as a food for pigs.
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\Hmastectomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i mass-\CX1tek\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p a surgical operation to remove the breast. Greek \Imastos\j\b\i breast + \IektomΘ\j\b\i a cutting out
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\Hmaster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that has power, control or authority: a) 'the \Imaster\j\b\i of a ship', b) 'money should never become your \Imaster\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Geography \Imaster\j\b\i' (= male teacher).
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is highly skilled: 'she was a \Imaster\j\b\i of disguise'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who holds the second degree awarded by a university, for approximately two years study following a bachelor's degree.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title for a boy who is not old enough to be called Mister.
\CX15.\j\b\i an original from which copies are made.
\Bmaster\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to become master of: a) 'to \Imaster\j\b\i one's anger'; b) 'she \Imastered\j\b\i French after only three months in France'.
\Bmaster\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
principal or main: a) 'the \Imaster\j\b\i bedroom'; b) a \Imaster\j\b\i plan'; c) 'the \Imaster\j\b\i computer'.
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\Hmaster-at-arms\h
\Pnoun\p \INavy:\j\b\i a petty officer appointed as police officer on a ship.
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\Hmaster builder\h
a person who makes contracts to construct buildings.
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\Hmasterful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i domineering: 'he has a \Imasterful\j\b\i personality'.
\CX12.\j\b\i highly skilled: 'she gave a \Imasterful\j\b\i display of selling ability'. \Bmasterfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmasterfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmaster key\h
a skeleton key.
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\Hmasterly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mah\j\b\ista-lee \Padjective\p showing the skill of a master: 'a \Imasterly\j\b\i performance'. \Bmasterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmastermind\h
\Pverb\p to plan and direct some activity at the highest level: 'Mr X \Imasterminded\j\b\i the great postal robbery'. \Bmastermind\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmaster of ceremonies\h
short form is \BM.C\j\b\i.
a person who is in charge of the ceremonial side of a formal occasion, e.g. one who announces speakers at a banquet.
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\Hmasterpiece\h
\Pnoun\p a very great work of art, or the best work of a given person: 'some people regard 'Hamlet' as Shakespeare's \Imasterpiece\j\b\i'.
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\Hmaster stroke\h
a masterly action or achievement.
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\Hmastery\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the upper hand: 'at the meeting she showed her complete \Imastery\j\b\i of the situation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the skill or knowledge of a master: 'his \Imastery\j\b\i of the techniques of violin playing'.
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\Hmasthead\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the top of a mast, especially the tallest mast.
\CX12.\j\b\i the title, etc. at the head of the front page of a newspaper or the formalised headings of a magazine's contents page.
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\Hmasticate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-tekate \Pverb\p to chew. \Bmastication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Imastikhan\j\b\i to gnash the teeth
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\Hmastiff\h
\Pnoun\p any of a breed of large, heavy, short-haired dogs used as watch-dogs.
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\Hmastitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i mass-\CX1tie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a bacterial inflammation in the mammary gland. Greek \Imastos\j\b\i breast + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Hmastodon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-ta-don \Pnoun\p a long-extinct elephant-like mammal.
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\Hmastoid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-toyd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part of the skull behind the ear.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an inflammation of the mastoid. Also called \Bmastoiditis\j\b\i. \Bmastoid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmasturbate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mass\j\b\i-ta-bate \Pverb\p to stimulate the sexual organs, especially one's own, so as to produce orgasm. \Bmasturbation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmasturbatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmat (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of heavy fabric or rug-like material, used as a floor covering.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of cork, fabric, etc. placed under ornaments or hot dishes.
\CX13.\j\b\i a small pad of coir, rubber, etc. for wiping soiled feet before entering; a doormat.
\CX14.\j\b\i a large pad or cushion used by tumblers, gymnasts or wrestlers.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the boat's propeller became caught in a \Imat\j\b\i of weeds' (= tangled mass). \Bmat\j\b\i (\Bmatted\j\b\i, \Bmatting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to form tangled masses.
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\Hmat (2)\h
\Padjective\p See \Jmatt\j\b\i.
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\Hmatador\h
\Pnoun\p a bullfighter on foot who taunts the bull with a cape and tries to kill it with a sword. Compare \Jpicador\j\b\i. Spanish
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\Hmatch (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a short stick of wood with a head made of phosphorus, etc. which ignites when rubbed on certain surfaces. b) the wick used to fire a cannon, etc.
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\Hmatch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that is exactly like or combines well with another: 'the two colours are a good \Imatch\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is equal to another in strength, skill, etc.: 'to meet one's \Imatch\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an official competition or game: 'a cricket \Imatch\j\b\i'.
\Bmatch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to be a match for: 'his looks \Imatch\j\b\i his moods'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make, provide or select a match for: a) 'to \Imatch\j\b\i colours'; b) '\Imatch\j\b\i your expenses with your income'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I would never dare to \Imatch\j\b\i wits with him' (= oppose). \Bmatchless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without equal; \Bmatchlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmatchlock\h
\Pnoun\p a musket fired by lighting the gunpowder with a slow-burning match.
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\Hmatchmaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who arranges, or tries to arrange, marriages, etc. \Bmatchmake\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmatch point\h
\ISport:\j\b\i the final point needed to win a contest.
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\Hmatchwood\h
\Pnoun\p small pieces or splinters of wood: 'the storm reduced the house to \Imatchwood\j\b\i'.
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\Hmate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of a pair, especially a partner in marriage.
\CX12.\j\b\i a habitual companion or fellow worker: 'my \Imate\j\b\i and I worked the shearing sheds around here for almost 30 years'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i an officer next in rank below the master of a ship. \Bmate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to join in a pair or match, especially to pair animals for producing offspring.
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\Hmate (2)\h
\Pverb\p \IChess:\j\b\i See \Jcheckmate\j\b\i. \Bmate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1teer\j\b\ii-ul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i composed of matter: 'the \Imaterial\j\b\i resources of the earth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) relating to the body or bodily needs: 'food and shelter are \Imaterial\j\b\i necessities'. b) relating to wealth, etc.: 'his aim is not \Imaterial\j\b\i well-being, but spiritual happiness'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Imaterial\j\b\i witness in this case' (= important).
\Bmaterial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the substance of which something is made: 'radioactive \Imaterial\j\b\i can be dangerous'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a) the substances needed to make something: 'building \Imaterials\j\b\i'. b) the equipment needed to do something: 'writing \Imaterials\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it provided good \Imaterial\j\b\i for her novel' (= information).
b) 'velvet is a heavy \Imaterial\j\b\i' (= fabric). \Bmaterially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) considerably, b) physically.
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\Hmaterialise\h
\Pverb\p materialize to give or take on a bodily or visible form: 'three figures \Imaterialised\j\b\i out of the fog'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her plan never \Imaterialised\j\b\i' (= came into effect). \Bmaterialisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmaterialism\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a way of living in which possessions and self-interest are valued more than anything else.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that all beings and events can be explained by physical laws. \Bmaterialist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmaterialistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-teeria-\CX1list\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmaterialistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmaternal\h
\Padjective\p a) of or like a mother: '\Imaternal\j\b\i love'. b) related through a mother: 'one's \Imaternal\j\b\i grandfather'. \Bmaternally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imater\j\b\i mother
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\Hmaternity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1tern\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the state of being a mother. \Bmaternity\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to pregnancy or childbirth.
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\Hmath co-processor\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a chip on some motherboards which gives the main processor extra power by carrying out a number of difficult, power-consuming calculations.
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\Hmaths\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bmathematics\j\b\i
the study of logical relationships involving numbers, shapes, functions and sets. \Bmathematical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i matha-\CX1matt\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to maths, b) having the precision or exactness of maths; \Bmathematician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mathema-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is trained or skilled in maths; \Bmathematically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmatinee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1matt\j\b\iin-ay \Pnoun\p the daytime, usually afternoon, performance of a play, film, ballet, etc. French \Imatin\j\b\i morning
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\Hmatins\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the service for morning prayer in the Church of England. Latin \Imatutinus\j\b\i of or in the morning
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\Hmatri-\h
a prefix meaning mother, as in \Imatriarch\j\b\i. Latin \Imatris\j\b\i of a mother
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\Hmatriarch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-tree-ark \Pnoun\p a female who is the leader or head of a family, group, etc. \Bmatriarchal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmatriarchy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a social system in which a female is the head of the family. Latin \Imater\j\b\i mother + Greek \Iarkhos\j\b\i leader
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\Hmatrices\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jmatrix\j\b\i.
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\Hmatricide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mat\j\b\iri-side \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the crime of killing one's mother. b) the person who does this. \Bmatricidal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imater\j\b\i mother + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hmatriculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma\CX1trik\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p a) to be accepted as qualified to enter a university. b) to pass an examination designed as a university entrance qualification.
\Bmatriculation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
short form is \Bmatric\j\b\i
a) the formal acceptance of a person for entry to a university. b) an examination designed as a university entrance qualification. \Bmatriculant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has passed matriculation. Latin \Imatrix\j\b\i a public register or roll
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\Hmatrilineal\h
\Isay\j\b\i matri-\CX1linn\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p of or based on descent through the mother's family. \Bmatrilineally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imater\j\b\i mother + \Ilinea\j\b\i a line
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmatrices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\itri-seez) or \Bmatrixes\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-triks)
\CX11.\j\b\i a mould in which type is cast.
\CX12.\j\b\i an ordered array of numbers or variables, as used for computer programming.
\CX13.\j\b\i rock in which gems, fossils, metals, etc. are embedded.
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\Hmatron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-tr'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a married woman or widow, especially one of middle age or mature dignity: 'a gathering of society \Imatrons\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person in charge of the nursing staff in a hospital. \Bmatronly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a matron.
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\Hmatron of honour\h
a married woman who attends the bride at a wedding.
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\Hmatt\h
\Padjective\p also spelt \Bmat\j\b\i
not shiny.
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\Hmatter\h
\Pnoun\p any physical substance, solid, liquid or gas, which exists in time and space and is affected by gravity.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there was little new \Imatter\j\b\i in the essay' (= content).
b) 'printed \Imatter\j\b\i only' (= objects, articles).
c) 'it is a \Imatter\j\b\i of life and death' (= situation concerning).
d) 'it's of no \Imatter\j\b\i to me how you lead your life' (= importance).
e) 'the difference in price was a \Imatter\j\b\i of cents' (= amount).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas a matter of fact\j\b\i, See \Jfact\j\b\i.
\Bfor that matter\j\b\i, as for that.
\Bmatter of course\j\b\i, a natural event or outcome.
\Bno matter\j\b\i, a) '\Ino matter\j\b\i, we can always get another one' (= never mind); b)
'you can safely disregard him \Ino matter\j\b\i what he says' (= regardless of).
\Bthe matter\j\b\i, 'what's \Ithe matter\j\b\i with you today?' (= wrong). \Bmatter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be of importance.
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\Hmatter-of-fact\h
\Padjective\p practical or unimaginative. \Bmatter-of-factly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmatting\h
\Pnoun\p any coarse woven fabric used for floor coverings, packing goods, etc.
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\Hmattock\h
\Pnoun\p a tool similar to a pick with a broad blade, used for loosening soil, digging, etc.
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\Hmattress\h
\Pnoun\p a long, flat bag filled with a soft substance and used on or as a bed.
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\Hmature\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1tew\j\b\ier \Padjective\p fully grown or developed.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he reached his decision after \Imature\j\b\i deliberation' (= careful, fully considered). \Bmature\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to come or bring to full development, b) (of a bill, dividends, etc.) to become payable; \Bmaturely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmaturity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1tew\j\b\iri-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being mature; \Bmaturation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the process of maturing. Latin \Imaturus\j\b\i ripe, early
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\Hmatzo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mut\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmatzoth\j\b\i
a dry biscuit of unleavened bread eaten by Jews, especially at Passover.
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\Hmaudlin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mawd\j\b\i-lin \Padjective\p sentimental in a melancholy or weak way. from \IMaudlin\j\b\i, a popular variation of (\IMary\j\b\i) \IMagdalene\j\b\i, who was often depicted in art as weeping
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\Hmaul\h
\Isay\j\b\i mawl \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to handle roughly: 'the bear \Imauled\j\b\i the zoo keeper'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to strike with a maul. \Bmaul\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a heavy mallet for driving piles, etc.; \Bmauler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmaunder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mawn\j\b\ida \Pverb\p to talk or act in a confused or aimless manner.
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\Hmausoleum\h
\Isay\j\b\i mawsa-\CX1lee\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p a magnificent tomb. after the tomb of \IMausolus\j\b\i, a king of Caria who died in 353 \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Hmauve\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i stove \Pnoun\p a light pinkish-purple colour. \Bmauve\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmaverick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i an unbranded or orphaned animal, especially a calf.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who has unorthodox or dissident views. after \IS. Maverick\j\b\i, 1803-70, a Texas lawyer who did not brand his cattle
\Isay\j\b\i mak-\CX1sill\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmaxillae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mak-\CX1sill\j\b\iee)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two bones of the skull between the eyes and the teeth, forming the upper jaw. \Bmaxillary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, jaw
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\Hmaxim\h
\Pnoun\p a short saying expressing a general rule of conduct, as in \Iwaste not, want not\j\b\i.
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\Hmaximum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmaxima\j\b\i or \Bmaximums\j\b\i
the greatest amount that is actual, possible or allowable: 'we can invite a \Imaximum\j\b\i of 25 people'. Compare \Jminimum\j\b\i. \Bmaximal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmaximise\j\b\i, \Bmaximize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to increase to the greatest possible amount. Latin \Imaximus\j\b\i greatest
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\Hmaxi-yacht\h
\Pnoun\p a yacht of at least 20 m in length.
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\Hmay (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmight\j\b\i)
an auxiliary \Pverb\p indicating:
a) permission: 'you \Imay\j\b\i leave now'.
b) possibility: 'that story \Imay\j\b\i be totally wrong'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Imay\j\b\i you have a happy journey' (= we hope).
b) 'and who \Imay\j\b\i she be, I wonder?' (= could). \Bmay (1), might (1), can (1), could\j\b\i. \IMay\j\b\i is used to express permission, possibility or doubt: '\Imay\j\b\i I leave the room?', 'I \Imay\j\b\i enter the competition', 'I \Imay\j\b\i go to the football, but I haven't made up my mind'. \IMight\j\b\i is used to express a possibility that is less likely to occur than when indicated by the use of 'may': 'we may enter the competition and with luck we \Imight\j\b\i even win it'. \ICan\j\b\i relates to that which is physically possible or expresses permission: 'I \Ican\j\b\i climb that tree', 'you \Ican\j\b\i go out to play after dinner'. \ICould\j\b\i is used to express the power or ability to do something: 'I \Icould\j\b\i eat this chocolate, but I won't', 'you \Icould\j\b\i get a new job if you really wanted to'.
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\HMay (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. named after the Roman goddess \IMaia\j\b\i
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\Hmaybe\h
\Padverb\p perhaps.
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\HMayday\h
\Pnoun\p an international radio distress call used by ships and aeroplanes. French \Im'aidez\j\b\i help me
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\HMay Day\h
a spring festival held on May 1st in the Northern Hemisphere and a socialist celebration throughout the world.
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\Hmayhem\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning the inflicting of bodily injury.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Imayhem\j\b\i at the football match was sickening' (= violence, chaos).
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\Hmayonnaise\h
\Isay\j\b\i may-on-\CX1aze\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a thick, creamy sauce made from eggs, vinegar, oil and seasonings and used with salads and vegetables.
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\Hmayor\h
\Isay\j\b\i mare \Pnoun\p the chief elected official on the council of a city. In a large city the mayor, whether male or female, may be called the \BLord Mayor\j\b\i. \Bmayoress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the female companion of the (male) mayor at official functions, usually the wife of a mayor; \Bmayoralty\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mare\j\b\i-ul-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the office of mayor.
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\Hmaypole\h
\Pnoun\p a pole decorated with ribbons and flowers which is danced around on May Day.
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\Hmaze\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blabyrinth\j\b\i
a complicated network of passages, paths, etc. in which it is difficult to find one's way.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was in a \Imaze\j\b\i as I tried to follow his confusing story' (= state of bewilderment). \Bmazy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmazurka\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1zer\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p a lively Polish dance which was very popular in the 19th century.
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\Hme (1)\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bus\j\b\i
the objective or emphatic form of the \Ppronoun\p \BI\j\b\i: a) 'she hit \Ime\j\b\i'; b) 'give the book to \Ime\j\b\i'; c) 'open the door, it's \Ime\j\b\i'. See \JI\j\b\i.
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\Hme (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jdoh\j\b\i.
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\Hmead (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a meadow.
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\Hmead (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an alcoholic drink made by fermenting honey and water.
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\Hmeadow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1medd\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a clear area of grassy land, especially one which is fenced and used for grazing or agriculture. \Bmeadowy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a meadow.
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\Hmeagre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\iga \Padjective\p poor in quality or quantity. Middle English \Imegre\j\b\i lean
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\Hmeal (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) the food eaten at one time. b) any of the usual daily eating times, as breakfast, lunch and dinner.
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\Hmeal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a gound or powdered substance, as of nuts, grains, etc. \Bmealy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, powdery or like meal.
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\Hmeals on wheels\h
a social service which provides meals to the aged or incapacitated in their homes.
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\Hmealy-mouthed\h
\Padjective\p avoiding the use of plain or direct words.
\CX11.\j\b\i to have as an intention or purpose: 'is this \Imeant\j\b\i to be a joke?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to signify: 'what does this word \Imean\j\b\i?'.
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\Hmean (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i selfish or small-minded: 'it is a \Imean\j\b\i trick to hide your sister's money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i poor or inferior in quality or position: 'they gave a small \Imean\j\b\i present'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'although he is wealthy he is very \Imean\j\b\i with money' (= miserly).
b) 'this horse has a \Imean\j\b\i streak' (= vicious).
c) 'that's no \Imean\j\b\i achievement' (= inconsiderable). \Bmeanly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmeanness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmean (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which is halfway between two extremes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the average. Compare \Jgeometric mean\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i, \Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a method by which something is done or obtained: 'what is your \Imeans\j\b\i of transport?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any wealth or resources: 'a person of private \Imeans\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby all means\j\b\i, certainly.
\Bby no means\j\b\i, not at all.
\Bmeans test\j\b\i, an inquiry, usually by a government department, into one's finances before a payment is made.
\Bmean\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being in the middle position: 'the \Imean\j\b\i monthly temperature'.
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\Hmeander\h
\Isay\j\b\i mee-\CX1and\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to wander aimlessly or on a winding course.
\Bmeander\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a broad curve in a river. from \IMeander\j\b\i, the Greek name for the river Mendereh in Turkey
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\Hmeaning\h
\Pnoun\p that which is intended or expressed: 'what is the \Imeaning\j\b\i of this word?'.
\Bmeaningful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i
full of meaning: 'she gave me a \Imeaningful\j\b\i look'. \Bmeaningfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmeanness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmean (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hmeant\h
\Isay\j\b\i ment \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bmean (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hmeantime\h
\Pnoun\p the time in between: 'you may leave at noon, but in the \Imeantime\j\b\i you will wait here'.
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\Hmeanwhile\h
\Padverb\p a) during the time in between: 'the accident was yesterday; \Imeanwhile\j\b\i I have been in bed'. b) at the same time: '\Imeanwhile\j\b\i, back at the ranch, our hero was in trouble'.
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\Hmeasles\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\izels \Pnoun\p an infectious viral disease, usually in children, causing small red spots on the skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) miserably small: 'after all that work he only gave us a \Imeasly\j\b\i 50 cents'.
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\Hmeasure\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i treasure \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the quantity, weight, etc. of something. b) a unit of such quantity: 'a kilometre is a \Imeasure\j\b\i of length'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my joy knew no \Imeasure\j\b\i' (= limit).
b) 'the gift of $500 was a \Imeasure\j\b\i of the company's generosity' (= sign).
\CX12.\j\b\i an instrument for taking measures.
\CX13.\j\b\i an action or proposal: 'the council passed a \Imeasure\j\b\i to ban cars in town'.
\CX14.\j\b\i rhythm or metre in poetry.
\Bfor good measure\j\b\i, as an extra act or precaution.
\Bmeasure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to find the measurements of.
\Bmeasure up to\j\b\i, to be adequate for.
\Bmeasured\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i weighed exactly: 'a \Imeasured\j\b\i gram of gold'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of language) carefully considered or chosen: '\Imeasured\j\b\i words'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of rhythm) slow and regular.
\Bmeasurement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of measuring. b) the dimension of something measured: 'the \Imeasurements\j\b\i of the table were 1 m by 2 m'. c) a system of measuring: 'the size of the table was found by linear \Imeasurement\j\b\i'.
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\Hmeat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the edible flesh of an animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) any food.
\Bmeaty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or resembling meat.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of ideas or substance: 'this \Imeaty\j\b\i book took days to read'.
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\Hmechanic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1kann\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a person skilled in the maintenance, repair, use or construction of machinery. Greek \Imekhanikos\j\b\i ingenious, inventive
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\Hmechanical\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1kann\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of, like or relating to machinery or mechanics: 'trains and buses are forms of \Imechanical\j\b\i transport'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was so bored he only made slow \Imechanical\j\b\i movements' (= unthinking, automatic). \Bmechanically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmechanise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mekk\j\b\ia-nize), \Bmechanize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to introduce machinery into an industry which was formerly manual; \Bmechanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmechanics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1kann\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a) the science of machinery. b) the study of the effects of forces on objects.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she gave a talk on the \Imechanics\j\b\i of poverty' (= system of operating).
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\Hmechanism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mekk\j\b\ia-nizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of machinery.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any structure which operates by various parts working together: 'the human body is a delicate \Imechanism\j\b\i'. b) the internal parts and workings of a structure: 'the \Imechanism\j\b\i of a watch'.
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\Hmedal\h
\Pnoun\p a small metal disc with a design commemorating a person or event, or given as an award. \Bmedallist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has received a medal.
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\Hmedallion\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1dal\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large medal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a circular ornamental design on furniture, etc.
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\Hmeddle\h
\Pverb\p to interfere in other people's affairs without being asked to do so. \Bmeddlesome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmeddler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Imedler\j\b\i to mix
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\Hmedia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\idia plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plural of \Bmedium\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i all the sources by which news, etc. may be relayed, such as radio, television and newspapers.
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\Hmediaeval\h
\Isay\j\b\i meddi-\CX1ee\j\b\i-v'l \Padjective\p See \Jmedieval\j\b\i.
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\Hmedial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\idi-ul \Padjective\p a) in the middle. b) of average size or amount.
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\Hmedian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\idi-an \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the value above which half the cases under consideration fall and below which the other half fall. b) a straight line from the vertex of a triangle bisecting the opposite side.
\CX12.\j\b\i a narrow strip, usually of elevated ground, to separate lanes of traffic. \Bmedian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, in or through the middle. Latin \Imedianus\j\b\i in the middle
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\Hmediate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\idi-ate \Pverb\p to bring about an agreement between opposing sides by acting as a go-between.
the act of mediating: 'the United Nations makes offers of \Imediation\j\b\i between warring countries'. \Bmediator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who mediates.
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\Hmedic\h
\Pnoun\p medico (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a doctor, medical student or medical orderly.
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\Hmedical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1medd\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the science or practice of healing, especially by using drugs rather than surgery.
\Bmedical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a medical examination or checkup. \Bmedically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmedication\h
\Isay\j\b\i meddi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a substance given to cure, heal or relieve the symptoms of a disease. \Bmedicate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imedicare\j\b\i to cure
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\Hmedicine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1medd\j\b\ii-s'n \Ior\j\b\i \CX1med\j\b\i-s'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any substance used to treat a disease, preserve health, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the study of diseases and ways of maintaining and restoring health.
\CX13.\j\b\i any unpleasant experience, such as one supposed to build character, etc.: 'his father believes that regular beatings are good \Imedicine\j\b\i for growing boys'. \Bmedicinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1diss\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like medicine.
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\Hmedicine ball\h
a heavy ball thrown from one person to another for exercise.
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\Hmedicine man\h
a witchdoctor.
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\Hmedieval\h
\Isay\j\b\i meddi-\CX1ee\j\b\i-v'l \Padjective\p also spelt \Bmediaeval\j\b\i
of or relating to the Middle Ages.
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\Hmediocre\h
\Isay\j\b\i meedi-\CX1o\j\b\i-ka \Padjective\p of second-rate or only average quality.
a) the quality of being mediocre. b) a person of mediocre abilities. Latin \Imediocris\j\b\i middling, average
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\Hmeditate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1medd\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p a) to consider the possibility of: 'he \Imeditated\j\b\i murder'. b) to reflect or think deeply and seriously: 'he \Imeditated\j\b\i upon the meaning of life'. \Bmeditation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of meditating, b) deep thought; \Bmeditative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fond of or characterised by meditation; \Bmeditatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmedium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\idi-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmedia\j\b\i or \Bmediums\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a means by which something is done: 'my favourite \Imedium\j\b\i for sculpture is stone, but in painting I prefer oil'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an intermediate thing through which something moves: 'air is the \Imedium\j\b\i of sound'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a nutrient material on which micro-organisms may be grown.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IOccult:\j\b\i a person through whom spirits are said to be able to communicate.
\Bmedium\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
average in size or quality: 'he was a man of \Imedium\j\b\i height'. Latin \Imedius\j\b\i middle
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\Hmedium-wave\h
\Padjective\p (of a radiowave) having a wavelength of 200-1000 m, used in medium-range radio broadcasting. Compare \Jshort-wave\j\b\i, \Blong-wave\j\b\i and \Bvery high frequency\j\b\i.
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\Hmedley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1med\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mixture of things, such as a piece of music combining several different tunes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a race in which the swimmer performs several different strokes in order.
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\Hmedulla\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1dull\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmedullae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1dull\j\b\ii)
\IBiology:\j\b\i a) the soft inner part of a structure, especially a kidney. b) bone marrow.
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\Hmedusa\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1dew\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a jellyfish. Greek \IMedousa\j\b\i a Gorgon whose hair consisted of snakes
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\Hmeek\h
\Padjective\p humble, patient or gentle. \Bmeekly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmeekness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmeerschaum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1meer\j\b\i-sh'm \Pnoun\p a) a white clay mineral (hydrous magnesium silicate) used for carving and especially for pipe bowls. b) a tobacco pipe with the bowl made of meerschaum.
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\Hmeet (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmet\j\b\i, \Bmeeting\j\b\i)
a) to come face to face with: 'I \Imet\j\b\i Mrs Smith at the market'. b) to come into contact with: 'the sounds of music \Imet\j\b\i her ears'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Imet\j\b\i his swearing with some equally strong cursing' (= matched).
b) 'who will \Imeet\j\b\i the cost of the expedition?' (= pay, cover).
c) 'does it \Imeet\j\b\i your expectations?' (= live up to).
\Bmeet with\j\b\i, 'does it \Imeet with\j\b\i your approval?' (= receive).
\Bmeet\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ISport:\j\b\i a meeting for competition or enjoyment, such as a hunt.
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\Hmeet (2)\h
\Padjective\p an old word for suitable or proper: 'it is only \Imeet\j\b\i and right that you pay your debt'. \Bmeetly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmeetness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmeeting\h
\Pnoun\p a) a contact or coming together: 'a \Imeeting\j\b\i of rivers'. b) an assembly or gathering of people.
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\Hmega-\h
a prefix: a) meaning great, as in \Imegaphone\j\b\i; b) used for SI units, meaning one million (10{\up6 6\j\b\i). Greek
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\Hmegabyte\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a measurement of 1024 kilobytes of information. Often this term is used approximately to indicate one million bytes.
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\Hmegahertz\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a measurement of one million hertz.
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\Hmegalithic\h
\Isay\j\b\i megga-\CX1lith\j\b\iik \Padjective\p being built of large stones, such as prehistoric monuments. \Bmegalith\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a large stone.
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\Hmegalomania\h
\Isay\j\b\i meggalo-\CX1may\j\b\i-nia \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a mental disorder marked by a false belief in one's own greatness, power, position, etc.
\Bmegalomaniac\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person suffering from megalomania.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who constantly seeks power and personal glory. Greek \Imegalo\j\b\i great + \Bmania\j\b\i
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\Hmegaphone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1megg\j\b\ia-fone \Pnoun\p See \Jloud-hailer\j\b\i.
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\Hmegatonne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1megg\j\b\ia-ton \Pnoun\p a unit for measuring the explosive force of nuclear weapons, by comparing them to the mass of trinitrotoluene (TNT) which would produce the same explosion. \IExample\j\b\i: a 10 megatonne hydrogen bomb would have the same explosive force of 10 000 000 tonnes of TNT. Compare \Jkilotonne\j\b\i.
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\Hmeiosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1o\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p also called \Breduction division\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a type of cell division in sex cells resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, each new cell having one of each pair of chromosomes (the haploid number) and forming a gamete. Compare \Jmitosis\j\b\i. Greek, a lessening
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\Hmelaleuca\h
\Isay\j\b\i mella-\CX1loo\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p also called \Bpaperbark\j\b\i or \Btea-tree\j\b\i
any group of Australian trees with thin, papery bark, flower heads like small bottle-brushes and fruits of small, woody capsules.
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\Hmelancholia\h
\Isay\j\b\i mell'n-\CX1kole\j\b\i-ee-a \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i a mental disorder marked by extreme and continual depression. \Bmelancholic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmelancholy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mell\j\b\i'n-kollee \Padjective\p sad, gloomy or depressing: 'the funeral was a \Imelancholy\j\b\i occasion' \Bmelancholy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, sadness or depression. \Bmelancholy\j\b\i means, etymologically, black bile. According to medieval medical theory there were four 'humours' which determined the state of the mind and body. These were phlegm, blood, choler and black bile. An even balance of these made for a well-adjusted person but the dominance of one determined a person's health and mood. Excess of black bile was thought to cause depression or \Imelancholy\j\b\i.
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\HmΘlange\h
\Isay\j\b\i may-\CX1lonj\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a mixture. French
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\Hmelanoma\h
\Isay\j\b\i mela-\CX1noh\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p a malignant tumour which develops from cells containing dark pigments, especially in the skin.
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\Hmeld (1)\h
\Pverb\p \ICards:\j\b\i to lay down a minimum number of cards to start scoring, as in canasta. German \Imelden\j\b\i to announce
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\Hmeld (2)\h
\Pverb\p to merge or blend.
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\Hmelee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mell\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p mÉlΘe a confused fight or struggle. French
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\Hmellifluous\h
\Isay\j\b\i mel-\CX1if\j\b\iloo-us \Padjective\p also called \Bmellifluent\j\b\i
(of a voice, music, etc.) sweet-sounding. Late Latin \Imellifluus\j\b\i flowing with honey
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\Hmellow\h
\Padjective\p a) soft and full-flavoured in taste, as ripe fruit or mature wine. b) rich and soft in sound or colour, as music.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'last night the wine made me \Imellow\j\b\i' (= pleasantly tipsy).
b) 'my father became \Imellow\j\b\i in his old age' (= genial, easygoing). \Bmellow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become mellow.
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\Hmelodrama\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mell\j\b\io-drahma \Pnoun\p a) a play based on an exaggerated or sensational plot and characters. b) any sensational series of events.
of or like a melodrama: 'his \Imelodramatic\j\b\i speech was delivered with passionate and exaggerated gestures'. \Bmelodramatics\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, melodramatic behaviour.
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\Hmelody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mell\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p a) a tune, especially a pleasing one. b) tunefulness: 'the choir sang with fine \Imelody\j\b\i'. \Bmelodic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mel-\CX1odd\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a melody or melodies; \Bmelodious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mel-\CX1o\j\b\i-dee-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, tuneful or producing a pleasant sound; \Bmelodiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Imeloidia\j\b\i singing
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\Hmelon\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large, juicy fruits with many seeds, such as a watermelon.
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\Hmelt\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmelted\j\b\i, \Bmelted\j\b\i or \Bmolten\j\b\i, \Bmelting\j\b\i)
to make or become liquid through heating.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his heart \Imelted\j\b\i when he saw the baby' (= softened).
b) 'she \Imelted\j\b\i into the darkness' (= disappeared, blended).
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\Hmeltdown\h
\Pnoun\p the failure of the cooling system of a nuclear reactor which causes the nuclear fuel to overheat and melt, and may result in the release of radioactive material into the atmosphere.
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\Hmelting pot\h
a mixture of various elements, colours, ideas, etc.: 'with all its different languages and races, London is a real \Imelting pot\j\b\i'.
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\Hmember\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who is included in a group, society, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a part of a structural whole, such as a limb of the body, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'who is your local \Imember\j\b\i?' (= representative in parliament).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an element of a set.
\Bmembership\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the state of being a member: 'I must pay my fees on time to retain my \Imembership\j\b\i'. b) the number of members: 'the club has a total \Imembership\j\b\i of 300'. Latin \Imembrum\j\b\i limb
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\Hmembrane\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any soft, thin sheet of tissue which covers and separates organs and structures in an animal or plant. \Bmembranous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mem\j\b\ibra-nus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a membrane. Latin \Imembrana\j\b\i skin, parchment
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\Hmemento\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1men\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p something to remind one of an event or person. Latin, remember!
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\Hmemo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\imo \Ior\j\b\i \CX1memm\j\b\io \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a memorandum.
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\Hmemoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mem\j\b\i-wah \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an autobiography.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reminder.
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\Hmemorable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1memm\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p notable or worthy of being remembered: 'the solemn procession was a \Imemorable\j\b\i occasion'.
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\Hmemorandum\h
\Isay\j\b\i memma-\CX1ran\j\b\idum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmemoranda\j\b\i or \Bmemorandums\j\b\i
a) a note made of something to be remembered. b) a record or written statement of a business or other transaction. Latin \Imemorandus\j\b\i that is to be remembered
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\Hmemorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1maw\j\b\iriul \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something intended to preserve the memory of a person, event, etc., such as a monument.
\CX12.\j\b\i a list of arguments to support a request or petition to parliament, etc.
\Bmemorial\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
preserving the memory of a person or thing: 'a \Imemorial\j\b\i service was held for the dead soldiers'. \Bmemorialise\j\b\i, \Bmemorialize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmemorise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1memm\j\b\ia-rize \Pverb\p memorize to commit to the memory. \Bmemorisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmemory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1memm\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the ability of the mind to recall things. b) something that is remembered: 'my earliest \Imemory\j\b\i is of running away from kindergarten'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a computer in which information is stored.
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\Hmen\h
plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bman\j\b\i.
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\Hmenace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1menn\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a threat or danger: 'crop failure is a \Imenace\j\b\i in underdeveloped countries'.
\Bmenace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to threaten: 'stop \Imenacing\j\b\i me with that knife'.
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\HmΘnage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\i-nah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a husband and wife. b) a family or the household.
\BmΘnage α trois\j\b\i, the living together of a husband, wife and a tolerated lover. French
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\Hmenagerie\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1naj\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) a collection of wild or strange animals, as in a circus. b) the place where they are kept, such as a zoo. French
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\Hmend\h
\Pverb\p to repair or get something back into working condition.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must try to \Imend\j\b\i your manners' (= reform).
b) 'the patient is \Imending\j\b\i nicely' (= improving).
\Bmend\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a repair.
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\Hmendacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i men-\CX1day\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p a) untrue: 'a \Imendacious\j\b\i rumour'. b) untruthful: 'a \Imendacious\j\b\i person'. \Bmendacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i men-\CX1dass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmendelevium\h
\Isay\j\b\i menda-\CX1lee\j\b\ivium \Pnoun\p element number 101, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hmendicant\h
\Pnoun\p a) a beggar. b) a religious person, such as a monk, who lives by begging. Latin \Imendicans\j\b\i begging
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\Hmenial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\iniul \Padjective\p (of work) done by or suitable for a servant. \Bmenial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a servant.
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\Hmeninges\h
\Isay\j\b\i men-\CX1nin\j\b\i-jeez plural \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
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\Hmeningitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i mennin-\CX1jie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a serious illness caused by an inflammation of the meninges, resulting in headache, vomiting, fever and a stiff neck. Greek \Imeninx\j\b\i membrane + - itis
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\Hmeniscus\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1nisk\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmenisci\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1niss\j\b\i-eye)
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the curved, upper surface of a liquid in a container, caused by capillarity. \Bmeniscoid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1niss\j\b\i-koyd), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to a meniscus, b) crescent-shaped. Greek \Imeniskos\j\b\i crescent
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\Hmenopause\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1menn\j\b\io-pawz \Pnoun\p also called the \Bchange of life\j\b\i
the changes in the glands and organs of middle-aged women when menstruation ends. Greek \Imenos\j\b\i of a month + \Ipausis\j\b\i cessation
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\Hmenses\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1men\j\b\i-seez plural \Pnoun\p the blood and tissue lining the uterus and discharged during menstruation.
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\Hmenstruation\h
\Isay\j\b\i men-stroo-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p also called a \Bperiod\j\b\i
the act of discharging the menses, occurring about once every four weeks in any woman who is not pregnant, and has not reached menopause. \Bmenstrual\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Bmenstruate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imenstruus\j\b\i monthly
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\Hmensuration\h
\Isay\j\b\i mensha-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the study of the procedures for measuring and calculating lengths, areas and volumes. \Bmensurable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1men\j\b\ishera-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be measured; \Bmensural\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1men\j\b\isha-r'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to measure. Latin \Imensura\j\b\i a measure
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\Hmental\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the mind: a) 'the psychologist devised a new \Imental\j\b\i test'; b) 'a \Imental\j\b\i illness'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the teacher gave us a test in \Imental\j\b\i arithmetic' (= done in the head, not written).
b) 'a \Imental\j\b\i hospital' (= for insane people).
\CX11.\j\b\i intellectual capacity: 'a child of average \Imentality\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i attitude or tendency: 'a warlike \Imentality\j\b\i'. \Bmentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imentis\j\b\i of a mind
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\Hmental age\h
a supposed measure of the average intelligence of a given age group in children up to age 15. Compare \Jintelligence quotient\j\b\i.
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\Hmental telepathy\h
See \Jtelepathy\j\b\i.
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\Hmenthol\h
\Pnoun\p a colourless alcohol found in peppermint oil and used in perfumes, cigarettes, cooking and medicine. \Bmentholated\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, containing menthol.
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\Hmention\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1men\j\b\i-sh'n \Pverb\p to refer to briefly.
\Bnot to mention\j\b\i, in addition to. \Bmention\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a reference or allusion, b) a brief notice or recognition. Latin \Imentio\j\b\i a calling to mind
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\Hmentor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who advises and helps an inexperienced person. after \IMentor\j\b\i, who advised Ulysses' son during his father's absence
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\Hmenu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1men\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a list of dishes available at a meal. b) the dishes served at a meal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a list or display of options in the program:
a) a \Bpull-down menu\j\b\i is opened by clicking the mouse on a menu bar and moving the mouse downwards, with its button still depressed, to extend the list.
b) a \Bdrop-down menu\j\b\i is opened by selection from the menu bar and remains open until the user selects one of its options or closes it. French, a detailed list
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\Hmenu bar\h
\IComputers\j\b\i: a list usually appearing along the top of an application's on-screen window, and which contains the available menus from which commands may be chosen.
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\Hmercantile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\ik'n-tile \Padjective\p of or relating to merchants, trade or commerce. \Bmercantilism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an old economic theory that a state ought to amass gold, by boosting exports, restricting imports and prohibiting the export of gold. Latin \Imercans\j\b\i trading
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\Hmercenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\is'n-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i acting merely for gain.
\CX12.\j\b\i hired, especially by a foreign country: 'a \Imercenary\j\b\i soldier'.
\Bmercenary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a professional soldier serving in a foreign army. \Bmercenarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmercenariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imercennarius\j\b\i hired for pay
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\Hmercer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i an old word for a person who deals in expensive fabrics. Latin \Imerces\j\b\i goods
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\Hmercerise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\isa-rize \Pverb\p mercerize to soak cotton or linen in strong caustic soda in order to give a permanent silky lustre and greater durability. after \IJ.Mercer\j\b\i who patented this process in 1850
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\Hmerchandise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\ichen-dice \Pnoun\p any goods bought and sold for profit. \Bmerchandise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\ichen-dize), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to buy and sell, b) to promote through the use of advertising; \Bmerchandiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmerchant\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a person who buys and sells goods.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wholesale trader, especially in exports and imports.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a shopkeeper. \Bmerchant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to trade.
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\Hmerchant bank\h
a bank which specialises in financing international trade, handling bills of exchange and other commercial business.
#
\Hmerciful\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\isi-f'l \Padjective\p See \Jmercy\j\b\i.
#
\Hmercurial\h
\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1kew\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p quick and changeable in nature: 'his lively and \Imercurial\j\b\i personality'. \Bmercurially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmercury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\i-kew-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 80, a metal which is a liquid at normal temperatures and is used in alloys and thermometers. Also called \Bquicksilver\j\b\i. See \Jamalgam\j\b\i and \Btransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman mythology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the god of trade, and a messenger of the gods.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the planet in the solar system closest to the sun.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the thermometer. b) the temperature: 'the \Imercury\j\b\i is rising'. \Bmercuric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1kew\j\b\irik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to compounds of mercury in which mercury has a valency of two; \Bmercurous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1kew\j\b\irus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to compounds of mercury in which mercury has so named because alchemists used the symbol of the planet \IMercury\j\b\i for the metal
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\Hmercy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p kindness or compassion, such as is shown by withholding or reducing a punishment.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we must be thankful for small \Imercies\j\b\i' (= pieces of good fortune).
\Bat the mercy of\j\b\i, 'the rudderless ship was \Iat the mercy of\j\b\i every large wave' (= helpless before). \Bmerciful\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\isa-f'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing mercy; \Bmercifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a merciful manner, b) thankfully; \Bmercifulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmerciless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing no mercy.
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\Hmercy killing\h
euthanasia.
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\Hmere\h
\Padjective\p nothing more than: 'I think your apology is \Imere\j\b\i humbug'. \Bmerely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, only or simply.
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\Hmeretricious\h
\Isay\j\b\i merri-\CX1trish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p showily or falsely attractive: 'this novel has attracted attention only because of the \Imeretricious\j\b\i gimmicks it employs'. Latin \Imeretricius\j\b\i pertaining to prostitutes
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\Hmerge\h
\Isay\j\b\i merj \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to blend with or be absorbed by something larger: 'the twilight \Imerged\j\b\i gradually into darkness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the bringing together of one or more files to make a single file.
\Bmerger\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of merging, such as the combination of two or more business companies into one.
#
\Hmeridian\h
\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1ridd\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a line of longitude. Compare \Jprime meridian\j\b\i.
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\Hmeringue\h
\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1rang\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a mixture of sugar and beaten eggwhites, used to make small cakes, pie bases or toppings. French
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\Hmerino\h
\Isay\j\b\i mer-\CX1ree\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a breed of sheep with long fine wool, originally bred in Spain.
\CX12.\j\b\i a soft yarn or fabric, originally one made from the wool of a merino. Spanish
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\Hmerit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i worth, excellence or superior quality: 'there isn't much \Imerit\j\b\i in his proposals'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a commendable quality, act, etc.: 'let us discuss the \Imerits\j\b\i of the production'.
\Bon its merits\j\b\i, according to the facts rather than a set standard.
a) a system for promotion according to ability and effort rather than by reason of birth or social influence. b) leadership chosen on this basis. \Bmerit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be worthy of; \Bmerited\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, deserved; \Bmeritorious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i merri-\CX1taw\j\b\iri-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthy of merit or reward. Latin \Imeritum\j\b\i deserved, earned
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\Hmermaid\h
\Pnoun\p an imaginary creature supposed to live in the sea, having a woman's body and a fish's tail. Middle English \Imere\j\b\i lake or pond + \Bmaid\j\b\i
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\Hmerry\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i cheerful, joyous or high-spirited.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) tipsy: 'she came home from the office party a bit \Imerry\j\b\i'. \Bmerriment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any laughter or gaiety; \Bmerrily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmerry-go-round\h
\Pnoun\p a revolving machine fitted with moving horses, etc. on which children ride at fairs.
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\Hmesa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1may\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a high rocky plateau with steeply sloping sides. Latin \Imensa\j\b\i table
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\Hmescaline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mes\j\b\ika-lin \Pnoun\p mescalin a drug made from a Mexican cactus called \Bmescal\j\b\i and used to produce hallucinations.
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\Hmesh\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to entangle or interlock.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his plans to expand the company \Imeshed\j\b\i nicely with ours' (= fitted in).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of gears) to engage.
\Bmesh\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the open spaces and threads of a net or sieve.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was trapped fast in the \Imeshes\j\b\i of a political intrigue' (= snares, entanglements).
\CX12.\j\b\i a knitted or woven fabric with open spaces between the threads.
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\Hmesmerise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mez\j\b\ima-rize \Pverb\p mesmerize a) to hypnotise. b) to fascinate or spellbind: 'we sat there \Imesmerised\j\b\i by the beauty of the ballet'. \Bmesmerism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, hypnotism; \Bmesmerist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a hypnotist; \Bmesmeric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mez-\CX1merr\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) hypnotic, b) spellbinding or fascinating; \Bmesmerically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. after \IF. A. Mesmer\j\b\i, 1734-1815, an Austrian doctor
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\HMesolithic\h
\Isay\j\b\i messo-\CX1lith\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p See \Jstone age\j\b\i.
#
\Hmeson\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\i-zon \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i any of a group of unstable elementary particles produced by cosmic rays.
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\HMesozoic\h
\Isay\j\b\i messo-\CX1zo\j\b\i-ik \Pnoun\p a geological era which extended from about 225 million years ago to about 65 million years ago and contains the \BTriassic\j\b\i, \BJurassic\j\b\i and \BCretaceous\j\b\i periods. During this era dinosaurs appeared and gymnosperms and angiosperms were the dominant
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\Hmess\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dirty, untidy or confused condition: 'his desk was in a \Imess\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'gambling got her into a financial \Imess\j\b\i' (= difficult or awkward situation).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a room where officers, etc. in the armed forces eat. b) the meal eaten in such a place.
\Bmess\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make dirty or untidy.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmess around, mess about\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to spend one's time, especially aimlessly.
\Bmess up\j\b\i, a) 'please try not to \Imess up\j\b\i your room again' (= make untidy); b) 'you \Imessed up\j\b\i a perfect opportunity by your rudeness' (= spoilt). \Bmessy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmessily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmessiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmessage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mess\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p any information, etc. sent from one person or group to another.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'many folk songs have a \Imessage\j\b\i' (= moral or intended meaning).
\Bget the message\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to understand. \Bmessenger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who carries a message or goes on an errand.
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\HMessiah\h
\Isay\j\b\i miss-\CX1eye\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p \IJewish, Christian:\j\b\i a) a title for the expected saviour-king of the Jews. b) Christ, viewed as this by his followers. \BMessianic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i messi-\CX1ann\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Hebrew \Imashiah\j\b\i the anointed
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\Hmessmate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a variety of eucalypt with stringy bark.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person with whom one takes meals in a mess.
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\Hmessy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jmess\j\b\i.
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\Hmet\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bmeet (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hmeta-\h
a prefix meaning: a) altered, as in \Imetamorphosis\j\b\i; b) behind or after, as in \Imetacarpel\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hmetabolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tabb\j\b\ia-lizm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the chemical processes occurring in an organism or cell, including the build-up of simple substances into complex substances and the breakdown of complex substances into simple ones. \Bmetabolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1boll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmetabolise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tabb\j\b\ia-lize), \Bmetabolize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to subject to metabolism. Greek \ImetabolΘ\j\b\i change
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\Hmetacarpal bone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ia-karp'l bone \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the five bones in each hand joining the thumb and fingers to the wrist. \Bmeta\j\b\i- + Greek \Ikarpos\j\b\i wrist
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\Hmetal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of those elements which tend to be ductile and malleable, conduct heat and electricity and form positive ions.
\CX12.\j\b\i road metal, stone chips. \Bmetal\j\b\i, \Bmetallic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tall\j\b\iik), \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bmetallically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Imetallon\j\b\i a mine
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\Hmetalloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ia-loyd \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any element, such as arsenic, showing some properties of a metal and some properties of a non-metal.
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\Hmetallurgy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ia-ler-jee \Pnoun\p the study of metals, their extraction from ores, their properties and uses. \Bmetallurgist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled or trained in metallurgy; \Bmetallurgic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1ler\j\b\ijik), \Bmetallurgical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to metallurgy; \Bmetallurgically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmetamorphic\h
\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1mor\j\b\ifik \Padjective\p transformed: '\Imetamorphic\j\b\i rocks have had their structure altered by changes in temperature and pressure'. \Bmetamorphism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmetamorphosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1mor\j\b\ifa-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmetamorphoses\j\b\i
a change or transformation, as that of a caterpillar into a butterfly, a tadpole into a frog, etc. \Bmetamorphose\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1mor\j\b\ifoze), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmetaphor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ia-for \Pnoun\p a figure of speech in which one thing is identified with another. \IExample\j\b\i: she \Iwas a tower of strength\j\b\i during the crisis. Compare \Jsimile\j\b\i. \Bmetaphorical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1forr\j\b\ii-k'l), \Bmetaphoric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmetaphorically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Imetapherein\j\b\i to transfer
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\Hmetaphysical\h
\Isay\j\b\i metta-\CX1fizz\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the study of questions which cannot be answered in factual terms: 'science may tell us how the universe works but why it exists at all is a \Imetaphysical\j\b\i question'. \Bmetaphysics\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek (\Ita\j\b\i) \Imeta\j\b\i (\Ita\j\b\i) \Iphysika\j\b\i (the works) after (the) Physics, as, in Aristotle's collected works, those on metaphysics happened to be so placed; the word does not mean beyond (the scope of) physics
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\Hmetastasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tas\j\b\ita-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmetastases\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tas\j\b\ita-seez)
\IMedicine:\j\b\i the transfer of a disease or its manifestations from one part of the body to another, such as can occur in cancer. \Bmetastasise\j\b\i, \Bmetastasize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bmeta\j\b\i- + Greek \Istasis\j\b\i a standing still
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\Hmetatarsal bone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ia-tar-s'l bone \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the five bones in each foot joining the toes to the ankle. \Bmeta\j\b\i- + Greek \Itarsos\j\b\i the flat of the foot
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\Hmetathesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tath\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmetatheses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tath\j\b\ia-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i the changing of the order of letters, sounds or syllables in a word. \IExample:\j\b\i Middle English \Ibridd\j\b\i became Modern English \Ibird\j\b\i by metathesis.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jdouble decomposition\j\b\i. \Bmeta\j\b\i- + Greek \Ithesis\j\b\i a putting
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\Hmete\h
\Isay\j\b\i meet \Pverb\p to deal out or allot: 'the courts are supposed to \Imete\j\b\i out justice'.
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\Hmetempsychosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i mett'm-sigh-\CX1ko\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p See \Jreincarnation\j\b\i.
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\Hmeteor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1meet\j\b\ii-or \Pnoun\p also called a \Bfalling star\j\b\i or a \Bshooting star\j\b\i
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a small solid body from space which usually burns up on entering the earth's atmosphere. One which reaches the earth's surface is called a \Bmeteorite\j\b\i.
a) of or relating to a meteor. b) of the atmosphere.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Imeteoric\j\b\i rise to power' (= swift, brilliant). \Bmeteorically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Imeteoros\j\b\i high in the air
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\Hmeteorology\h
\Isay\j\b\i meetia-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the processes of the atmosphere which affect weather. \Bmeteorologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained in meteorology; \Bmeteorological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i meetia-ra-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmeteorologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmeter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any instrument used to measure something: 'a gas \Imeter\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i See \Jmetre (1)\j\b\i. \Bmeter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to measure with or register on a meter.
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\H-meter\h
a suffix indicating an instrument which measures, as in \Ibarometer\j\b\i. Greek \Imetron\j\b\i a measure
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\Hmethane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\i-thane \Pnoun\p also called \Bmarsh gas\j\b\i
a colourless, inflammable gas (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i), the first member of the paraffin series, formed from decaying organic matter and occurring in coal gas and natural gas.
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\Hmethinks\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmethought\j\b\i)
an old word meaning it seems to me.
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\Hmetho\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who compulsively drinks methylated spirits.
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\Hmethod\h
\Pnoun\p a way of doing something, especially an orderly or systematic way: 'I have no sympathy with the new teaching \Imethods\j\b\i'. \Bmethodical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1thodd\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, done or acting according to an orderly method; \Bmethodically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmethodicalness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HMethodist\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \BWesleyan\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i a member of a revivalist movement based on the ideas of John and Charles Wesley, 18th-century preachers. \BMethodist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BMethodism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmethodology\h
\Isay\j\b\i metha-\CX1doll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the methods used in a particular subject. \Bmethodological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i metha-da-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmethought\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bmethinks\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1meth\j\b\iil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds or radicals containing the univalent (CH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i-) group. \Bmethanol\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the alcohol based on a methyl group.
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\Hmethylated spirits\h
a colourless, poisonous liquid used as a fuel and solvent.
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\Hmeticulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i me-\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p extremely or excessively careful and precise about details. \Bmeticulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmeticulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imeticulosus\j\b\i fearful
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\Hmetier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mett\j\b\ii-ay \Pnoun\p mΘtier a person's trade or line of work, interest, etc., especially the work for which one is particularly suited. French
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\Hmetonymy\h
\Isay\j\b\i met-\CX1onn\j\b\ii-mee \Pnoun\p the use of a word to replace or suggest another to which it is in some way related. \IExample\j\b\i: \Ithe\j\b\i \Ipen\j\b\i (= the power of literature) is mightier than \Ithe\j\b\i \Isword\j\b\i (= force).
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\Hmetre (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmeter\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the base SI unit of length.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jsi unit\j\b\i. \Bmetric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1met\j\b\i-rik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to the metre or the system of measurement based on it. Greek \Imetron\j\b\i measure
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\Hmetre (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a measured rhythm or pattern of stresses, etc. in poetry. \Bmetric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1met\j\b\i-rik), \Bmetrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to metre, b) composed in verse not prose; \Bmetrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\H-metre\h
a suffix indicating a metre, as in \Icentimetre\j\b\i.
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\Hmetrication\h
\Isay\j\b\i metri-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of changing from British or imperial units to SI units.
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\Hmetric carat\h
See \Jcarat\j\b\i.
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\Hmetric system\h
the system of SI units.
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\Hmetric ton\h
See \Jtonne\j\b\i.
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\Hmetro\h
\Pnoun\p an underground railway system in certain European cities, especially Paris. French abbreviation of \ImΘtropolitaine\j\b\i
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\Hmetronome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1met\j\b\ira-nome \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a device for sounding an adjustable number of beats per minute.
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\Hmetropolis\h
\Isay\j\b\i me\CX1tropp\j\b\ia-lis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the most important, and usually the largest, city of a country or state.
\CX12.\j\b\i a centre of some specified activity: 'a \Imetropolis\j\b\i of learning'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) an inhabitant of a metropolis. b) a person with the manners, customs, etc. of a metropolitan.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) an archbishop. b) (in the Orthodox Church) a dignitary ranking above archbishops. Greek, mother state or city
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\Hmettle\h
\Pnoun\p a spirited temperament or courage.
\Bon one's mettle\j\b\i, incited to do one's best. \Bmettlesome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, spirited or courageous.
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\Hmew (1)\h
\Pverb\p to make the sound of a cat or seagull. \Bmew\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmew (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a cage for hawks, especially when they are moulting.
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\Hmewl\h
\Pverb\p to cry feebly like a child.
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\Hmews\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a group of stables built around an alley or court, now often converted into dwellings.
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\Hmezzanine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mezz\j\b\ia-neen \Ior\j\b\i \CX1met\j\b\isa-neen \Pnoun\p a storey, usually in the form of a balcony or platform, between two main storeys of a building. Italian \Imezzano\j\b\i middle
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\Hmezzo-soprano\h
\Isay\j\b\i metso-so-\CX1prah\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a) the female singing voice between soprano and contralto. b) a woman having such a singing voice.
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\Hmezzotint\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mets\j\b\io-tint \Pnoun\p \IArt:\j\b\i a) an engraving process in which the plate is roughened all over with a toothed rocker and the burr partly or wholly scraped away to give halftones and highlights. b) a print produced by this method. Italian, half-tint
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\Hmia-mia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\ia-\CX1my\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p See \Jgunya\j\b\i.
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\Hmiasma\h
\Isay\j\b\i mee-\CX1az\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the smell of corruption.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) swamp mists, once thought to cause malaria. Greek, pollution
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\Hmica\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p a flaky, often transparent mineral, mainly composed of complex silicates of aluminium and potassium, widely used in electrical apparatus owing to its very high electrical resistance and melting point. Latin, a crumb
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\Hmice\h
plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bmouse\j\b\i.
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\Hmickey\h
\Pnoun\p (\Icapital\j\b\i) a drink to which a sleeping drug has been added. Short form of \IMickey Finn\j\b\i.
\Btake the mickey out of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tease or mock.
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\Hmicro-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kro a prefix meaning: a) very small, as in \Imicrofilm\j\b\i; b) used for SI units, meaning one millionth (10{\up6 -6\j\b\i). Greek \Imikros\j\b\i small
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\Hmicroanalysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-a-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a form of analysis using minute quantities of chemicals.
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\Hmicrobe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-krobe \Pnoun\p See \Jmicro-organism\j\b\i.
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\Hmicrobiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-by-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of micro-organisms. \Bmicrobiologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmicrobiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmicrochemical\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-\CX1kemm\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to chemical processes or techniques using minute amounts of reagents.
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\Hmicrochip\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jchip\j\b\i.
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\Hmicrocomputer\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bmicro\j\b\i
a small, relatively inexpensive computer, usually used in the home or at school. Compare \Jmainframe\j\b\i and \Bminicomputer\j\b\i.
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\Hmicrocosm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kro-kozm \Pnoun\p a system in which everything is on a small scale. \Bmicro-\j\b\i + Greek \Ikosmos\j\b\i universe
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\Hmicrodot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kro-dot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a microfilm which has been further reduced until it is the size of a printed or typed dot, used by spies, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small amount of an hallucinogenic drug.
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\Hmicroelectronics\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-elek-\CX1tronn\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the design and manufacture of integrated circuits, used in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, radar, desk-top computers, etc.
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\Hmicrofiche\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mike\j\b\i-ro-feesh \Pnoun\p a sheet of microfilm on which many pages of text are reproduced.
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\Hmicrofilm\h
\Pnoun\p a film containing information photographed at greatly reduced size, to be kept as a record. \Bmicrofilm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmicrogroove\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-\CX1groov\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the narrow groove in a long-playing gramophone record along which the stylus travels.
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\Hmicrolight\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mike\j\b\i-ro-lite \Pnoun\p an extremely light aircraft powered by a small motor.
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\Hmicrometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1kromm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure small lengths, adjusted by a finely threaded screw on which there is a graduated scale. \Bmicrometry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the method or art of measuring with a micrometer.
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\Hmicron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kron \Pnoun\p the millionth part of a metre (10{\up6 -6\j\b\i m).
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\Hmicro-organism\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmicrobe\j\b\i
any very small organism which can only be seen with a microscope.
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\Hmicrophone\h
\Pnoun\p a device which changes soundwaves into electrical waves to be transmitted or recorded. Compare \Jloudspeaker\j\b\i.
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\Hmicroprocessor\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a chip imprinted with all the circuitry of the central processing unit.
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\Hmicroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kra-skope \Pnoun\p an optical instrument for viewing objects too small to be seen with the naked eye.
a) the use of a microscope. b) an investigation using a microscope. \Bmicroscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i my-kra-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to the microscope, b) extremely tiny. \Bmicro-\j\b\i + Greek \Iskopein\j\b\i to look at
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\HMicrosoft Disk Operating System\h
short form is MS-DOS.
a common disk operating system developed by the manufacturer Microsoft Ö. a trademark
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\Hmicrosurgery\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-kro-\CX1sir\j\b\ija-ree \Pnoun\p minute dissection or manipulation of very small parts of the body such as blood vessels or nerve fibres using lasers etc.
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\Hmicrowavable\h
\Padjective\p suitable for cooking in a microwave oven: 'it is \Imicrowavable\j\b\i'.
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\Hmicrowave\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-kro-wave \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i an electromagnetic wave with a very high frequency.
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\Hmicrowave oven\h
an oven which heats food internally by microwaves rather than by radiant heat.
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\Hmicturate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mik\j\b\i-tew-rate \Pverb\p to urinate. \Bmicturition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i miktew-\CX1rish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmid\h
\Padjective\p in the middle of.
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\Hmid-\h
a prefix meaning middle, as in \Imidway\j\b\i.
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\Hmidday\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mid\j\b\i-day \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i 12 noon: 'the train leaves at \Imidday\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the middle of the day.
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\Hmidden\h
\Pnoun\p \IArchaeology:\j\b\i an accumulation of kitchen wastes, shells, pots, etc.
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\Hmiddle\h
\Pnoun\p the point or part that is at an equal distance from the edges or extremes: a) 'the chair is in the \Imiddle\j\b\i of the room'; b) 'ring me in the \Imiddle\j\b\i of the week'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'can't you see I'm in the \Imiddle\j\b\i of doing something?' (= process).
\Bmiddle-of-the-road\j\b\i, moderate.
\Bmiddle\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) at a middle point. b) average or medium: 'a girl of \Imiddle\j\b\i height'.
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\HMiddle Ages\h
the period of European history from about the 5th to the 15th century, approximately from the end of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance.
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\Hmiddle class\h
the social class generally considered to consist of those in businesses or professions.
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\HMiddle East\h
a European term for the countries from the eastern shores of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas to Iran.
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\HMiddle English\h
See \Jenglish\j\b\i.
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\Hmiddleman\h
\Pnoun\p a) a trader, such as a wholesaler, who buys goods from a manufacturer and sells them to a retailer. b) any person who acts as a go-between or intermediate agent.
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\Hmiddleweight\h
\Pnoun\p a weight division in boxing, equal to about 75 kg.
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\Hmiddling\h
\Padjective\p medium: 'a town of \Imiddling\j\b\i size'. \Bmiddling\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, fairly or moderately.
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\Hmiddy\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a standard measure of beer which varies between States.
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\Hmidge\h
\Pnoun\p a gnat.
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\Hmidget\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mij\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p a) a very small person. b) any very small object.
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\Hmidland\h
\Pnoun\p the inner or middle part of a country.
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\Hmidnight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i 12 o'clock at night: 'the boat sails at \Imidnight\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the middle of the night.
\Bburn the midnight oil\j\b\i, to work late into the night.
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\Hmidpoint\h
\Pnoun\p a point halfway between the beginning and end of a line, etc.
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\Hmidriff\h
\Pnoun\p the middle part of the body between the chest and the waist.
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\Hmidshipman\h
\Pnoun\p an officer in training for a commission in the navy.
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\Hmidst\h
\Pnoun\p the middle.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is a traitor in our \Imidst\j\b\i' (= group, ranks).
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\Hmidway\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p in or to the middle of the distance.
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\Hmidwife\h
\Pnoun\p a person trained to assist a mother during childbirth. \Bmidwifery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mid-\CX1wiff\j\b\ia-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or practice of being a midwife.
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\Hmien\h
\Isay\j\b\i me'en \Pnoun\p a person's appearance or expression: 'a sorrowful \Imien\j\b\i'.
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\Hmiffed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) offended.
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\Hmight (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i the past tense of the auxiliary \Pverb\p \Bmay (1)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i used instead of \Bmay\j\b\i: a) as a polite form: '\Imight\j\b\i I speak to you for a moment?'; b) to express a less probable condition: 'we \Imight\j\b\i win if we are very lucky'. See \Jmay\j\b\i.
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\Hmight (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a great strength or capacity: 'the army has the \Imight\j\b\i to repel the invaders'.
\Bwith might and main\j\b\i, with all one's strength and ability.
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\Hmighty\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i powerful: 'a \Imighty\j\b\i ruler'.
\CX12.\j\b\i great or huge: 'a \Imighty\j\b\i mountain range'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-grane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a periodic, severely painful headache, usually on only one side of the head and often accompanied by nausea or vomiting and blurred vision.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any severe headache. Greek \Ihemikrania\j\b\i a pain on one side of the head
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\Hmigrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1grate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move periodically from one area to another, as do certain birds.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move permanently to a new area or country.
a) the act of migrating: 'preparations for the \Imigration\j\b\i went smoothly'. b) the numbers migrating: 'last month saw a large \Imigration\j\b\i to Australia'. \Bmigratory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-gra-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the habit of migrating.
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\Hmikado\h
\Isay\j\b\i mik-\CX1ah\j\b\ido \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) an emperor of Japan. Japanese, exalted gate
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\Hmike\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a microphone.
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\Hmilch\h
\Padjective\p (of cows, goats, etc.) kept for the purpose of producing milk.
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\Hmild\h
\Padjective\p moderate or temperate: '\Imild\j\b\i weather'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this is a very \Imild\j\b\i cheese' (= one without a sharp flavour).
\Bmildly\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
gently or moderately.
\Bput it mildly\j\b\i, to speak without exaggerating.
\Bmild\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IBritish:\j\b\i a beer with less hops and a sweeter, milder taste than bitter, though often just as strong. \Bmildness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmildew\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mill\j\b\i-dew \Pnoun\p a plant disease caused by a fungus producing a powdery growth on a surface. \Bmildew\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to become affected by mildew.
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\Hmild steel\h
any of a range of steels which can be cut or shaped easily.
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\Hmile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a unit of length equal to about 1.6 km. An \Binternational nautical mile\j\b\i is used for navigation and is equal to about 1.85 km.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a long or great distance. Latin \Imille\j\b\i a thousand paces (nearly one mile)
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\Hmileage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-lij \Pnoun\p milage a) the distance in miles: 'what's the \Imileage\j\b\i from here to the next town?'. b) the total number of miles travelled: 'this car has a low \Imileage\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I've certainly had good \Imileage\j\b\i out of this coat' (= service, long-time usefulness).
b) 'what is the \Imileage\j\b\i for taxis now?' (= cost per mile).
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\Hmilepost\h
\Pnoun\p milestone \CX11.\j\b\i a post or stone at the side of a road showing the distance from a major city.
\CX12.\j\b\i an important stage or event in history or a person's life.
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\Hmilieu\h
\Isay\j\b\i mil-\CX1yer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p environment or surroundings: 'this book is a study of the artist and the \Imilieu\j\b\i in which he worked'. French
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\Hmilitant\h
\Padjective\p aggressive or eager to fight. \Bmilitant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who shows militant qualities; \Bmilitancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmilitantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmilitarism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mill\j\b\iita-rizm \Pnoun\p a belief in the use of military power to solve political problems. \Bmilitarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of militarism; \Bmilitaristic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i millita-\CX1ris\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmilitaristically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmilitary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mill\j\b\ii-tree \Padjective\p of or relating to soldiers, the armed forces, war, etc. \Bmilitary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the armed forces.
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\Hmilitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mill\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to operate or have effect: 'the weather \Imilitated\j\b\i against our plans to go away for the weekend'. Latin \Imilitare\j\b\i to soldier do not confuse with \Bmitigate\j\b\i.
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\Hmilitia\h
\Isay\j\b\i mil-\CX1ish\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a group of citizen-soldiers called to fight in an emergency.
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\Hmilk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the white liquid produced in the mammary glands of female mammals to feed their young, and, in the case of cows and some other animals, used for food or as a source of dairy products.
\CX12.\j\b\i any liquid resembling this, such as latex from a tree or liquid in a coconut.
\Bmilk\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to extract milk from a cow, etc. b) to give milk: 'my cows refuse to \Imilk\j\b\i at the moment'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Imilked\j\b\i me of all my information' (= drew or extracted from). \Bmilky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or like milk, b) (of liquids) cloudy; \Bmilker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that milks. b) a cow that is milked; \Bmilkmaid\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a girl who milks cows; \Bmilkman\j\b\i, \Bmilkwoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who delivers milk.
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\Hmilk bar\h
\IAustralian:\j\b\i a shop selling general groceries, confectionery, etc.
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\Hmilk of magnesia\h
magnesium hydroxide (formula Mg(OH)\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i) in water, used as a laxative or antacid.
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\Hmilk shake\h
a sweet drink made by vigorously mixing a syrup flavouring with milk.
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\Hmilksop\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a weak, soft person, especially a male.
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\Hmilk tooth\h
any of the temporary teeth in young humans and other mammals, later replaced by permanent teeth.
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\HMilky Way\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the bright band in the night sky formed by the stars of our galaxy.
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\Hmill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of various devices for grinding, crushing or threshing. b) a building in which this is done.
\CX12.\j\b\i a building with machinery in which cloth is spun or woven.
\Bgo through the mill\j\b\i, to be tested by a difficult experience.
\Bmill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to grind or treat in or as if in a mill.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add fine notches to the edge of a coin when minting.
\CX13.\j\b\i to move around in a confused or aimless way: 'stop \Imilling\j\b\i about like cattle'.
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\Hmillennium\h
\Isay\j\b\i mil-\CX1lenn\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a period of a thousand years.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a future period of universal happiness based on a Biblical prophecy. \Bmillennial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmiller\h
\Pnoun\p the owner or operator of a mill, especially a flour mill.
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\Hmillet\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small-seeded annual cereal and forage grasses, or their grain.
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\Hmilli-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one thousandth (10{\up6 -3\j\b\i).
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\Hmillibar\h
\Pnoun\p a metric unit of pressure used in meteorology, equal to 100 pascals.
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\Hmilliner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or sells hats for women.
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\Hmillion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mill\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 1 000 000 or 10{\up6 6\j\b\i.
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\Hmillionaire\h
\Isay\j\b\i mill-y'n-\CX1air\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who has a million dollars, pounds, etc.
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\Hmillions of instructions per second\h
short form is \BMIPS\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a common measure of relative processor speed. M(\Iillions of\j\b\i) I(\Instructions\j\b\i) P(\Ier\j\b\i) S(\Iecond\j\b\i)
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\Hmillipede\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of slow-moving, plant-eating arthropods with a firm, circular, segmented body, each segment having two pairs of legs. Latin \Imille\j\b\i thousand + \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hmillstone\h
\Pnoun\p either of the pair of circular stones between which grain, etc. is ground.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his problems are a \Imillstone\j\b\i around his neck' (= heavy burden).
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\Hmilt\h
\Pnoun\p the spermatozoa from a male fish. Compare \Jroe (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hmime\h
\Pnoun\p a) a form of entertainment consisting of scenes performed using only actions or gestures. b) an actor in such entertainment. \Bmime\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to act in a mime, b) to imitate a person or action without using words.
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\HMimeograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mimm\j\b\iio-graf \Pnoun\p a) a type of stencil for reproducing letters and drawings, formerly in common use. b) a machine using such a stencil. a trademark
pretended or imitated: 'playing peace games, we conducted a \Imimic\j\b\i cease fire'. \Bmimic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that mimics; \Bmimicry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or an instance of mimicking.
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\Hmimosa\h
\Isay\j\b\i mim-\CX1o\j\b\i-sa \Pnoun\p a group of tropical and sub-tropical herbs, shrubs or trees with pink, yellow or red flowers, related to the acacia.
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\Hmina\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p See \Jmynah\j\b\i.
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\Hminaret\h
\Isay\j\b\i minna-\CX1ret\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a tall spire on a mosque, with balconies from which people are called to prayer. Arabic \Imanarat\j\b\i lighthouse
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\Hminatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\ia-tree \Padjective\p threatening or menacing.
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\Hmince\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cut into small pieces.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak or write in a direct and blunt manner: 'he told the truth and didn't \Imince\j\b\i words'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to walk in an affected way.
\Bmince\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any finely chopped meat. \Bmincingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, affectedly.
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\Hmincemeat\h
\Pnoun\p a) a mixture of suet, apples, raisins, sultanas, peel, etc. used in mince pies. b) minced meat.
\Bmake mincemeat of\j\b\i, to defeat or destroy thoroughly.
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\Hmince pie\h
a small, covered tart made with a filling of chopped fruits.
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\Hmind\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the faculty which thinks, reasons, remembers, etc.: 'she has a brilliant \Imind\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the soundness of this faculty: 'I think I'm losing my \Imind\j\b\i'. b) a person considered in relation to this faculty: 'the greatest \Imind\j\b\i of our age'.
\CX13.\j\b\i what a person thinks, feels, etc.: a) 'he doesn't know his own \Imind\j\b\i'; b) 'to change one's \Imind\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were all of the same \Imind\j\b\i' (= opinion).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba piece of one's mind\j\b\i, a reprimand or scolding.
\Bhave a good mind to\j\b\i, 'I \Ihave a good mind to\j\b\i give you both a thrashing' (= am inclined to).
\Bout of one's mind\j\b\i, 'you must be \Iout of your mind\j\b\i to say that' (= mad).
\Bput in mind\j\b\i, 'this joke \Iputs\j\b\i me \Iin mind\j\b\i of a similar one' (= reminds).
\Bset one's mind on\j\b\i, to determine to do or get.
\Bset one's mind to\j\b\i, 'you won't find it so difficult once you \Iset your mind to\j\b\i it' (= concentrate with determination on).
\Bspeak one's mind\j\b\i, to say what one really thinks.
\Bmind\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to pay attention to or take care of: a) 'will you \Imind\j\b\i the house while I'm away?'; b) '\Imind\j\b\i your manners, or you will have to leave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to feel troubled or upset by: 'do you \Imind\j\b\i if I smoke?'.
\Bmind you\j\b\i, '\Imind you\j\b\i, I think it's a wonderful idea' (= please note or understand that). \Bmindful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, attentive or careful; \Bmindless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, senseless or careless.
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\Hminded\h
\Padjective\p used in combination to indicate:
a) having a certain kind of mind, as in \Ievil-minded\j\b\i.
b) conscious or aware of a thing, as in \Imusic-minded\j\b\i.
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\Hminder\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to protect the interests and well-being of another.
the imagination: 'I can picture the whole scene in my \Imind's eye\j\b\i'.
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\Hmine (1)\h
\Ipossessive\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i plural is \Bours\j\b\i
belonging to me: 'that book is \Imine\j\b\i'.
\Bmine\j\b\i \Ipossessive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
an old word for my: '\Imine\j\b\i eyes have seen a wonderful vision'.
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\Hmine (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any hole dug in the ground to take out minerals, gems, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Imine\j\b\i of information' (= rich source).
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various explosive devices placed in a concealed position to destroy enemy troops, ships, etc.
\Bmine\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to extract ore, etc. from the ground. b) to dig.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lay military mines: 'the enemy \Imined\j\b\i the entrance to the harbour'.
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\Hminefield\h
\Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i an area of land or water where mines have been laid.
#
\Hminer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who works in a mine, especially a coalmine.
\Bminer's right\j\b\i
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a licence to dig for gold, etc.
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\Hmineral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\ia-r'l \Pnoun\p a substance, such as quartz, with a definite chemical composition and a constant structure, found in the earth's surface. \Bmineral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to minerals, b) containing minerals; \Bmineralise\j\b\i, \Bmineralize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make into or add minerals to.
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\Hmineralogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i minna-\CX1rall\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of minerals, a branch of geology. \Bmineralogist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmineralogical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i minnera-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmineral oil\h
See \Jparaffin oil\j\b\i.
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\Hmineral spring\h
a spring that provides mineral water.
#
\Hmineral water\h
\CX11.\j\b\i water that contains dissolved minerals or gases.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various non-alcoholic, effervescent drinks, such as lemonade.
#
\Hminestrone\h
\Isay\j\b\i mina-\CX1stroe\j\b\i-nay \Pnoun\p a thick soup consisting of vegetables, pasta or rice, beans, herbs, garlic, etc. Italian
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\Hminesweeper\h
\Pnoun\p a ship equipped to remove mines from the water.
#
\Hmingle\h
\Pverb\p to mix or become mixed or blended: 'the prince \Imingled\j\b\i with the crowd'.
#
\Hmingy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1min\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mean or stingy. \Bm\j\b\i(ean) + (st)ingy
#
\Hmini\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thing which is small, especially a short skirt or a small car.
#
\Hmini-\h
a prefix meaning small, as in \Iminibus\j\b\i.
#
\Hminiature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\ii-cher \Pnoun\p any small-scale copy or representation, such as a very small painting. \Bminiaturise\j\b\i, \Bminiaturize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make small or on a small scale.
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\Hminibike\h
\Pnoun\p a type of small motorcycle.
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\Hminibus\h
\Pnoun\p a very small bus.
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\Hminicomputer\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bmini\j\b\i
a medium-sized computer used for general office and commercial applications. Compare \Jmicrocomputer\j\b\i and \Bmainframe\j\b\i.
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\Hminim\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a note with a half of the time value of a semibreve. In America called a \Bhalf-note\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a unit of volume for liquids equal to about 0.06 mL. Latin \Iminimus\j\b\i smallest
#
\Hminima\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jminimum\j\b\i.
#
\Hminimal\h
\Padjective\p being the smallest or least possible: 'he showed \Iminimal\j\b\i interest in his work'.
#
\Hminimalism\h
\Pnoun\p a style of art, music, etc. which follows a spartan, simple use of artistic devices.
#
\Hminimise\h
\Pverb\p minimize to reduce to the smallest possible amount: 'the rain has \Iminimised\j\b\i the chances of a pleasant weekend'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do not \Iminimise\j\b\i your chance of success' (= underestimate). \Bminimisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hminimum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bminima\j\b\i
the least amount: 'the \Iminimum\j\b\i I could accept for my car is $3000'. Compare \Jmaximum\j\b\i. Latin, least
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\Hminion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1min\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a favourite, especially a favourite servant.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a person who obeys another like a slave.
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\Hminiskirt\h
\Pnoun\p a very brief skirt.
#
\Hminister\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a member of the clergy.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i a member of the Senate or House of Representatives, who is the head of a government department.
the act or an instance of ministering. \Bminister\j\b\i means, etymologically, servant, having come into English via Old French Latin \Iminister\j\b\i (attendant). This in turn was derived from Latin \Iminus\j\b\i meaning less. The meaning of \Iminister\j\b\i in English moved from servant to church attendant to clergyman. The political meaning of the word arises from a political minister being a servant of the Crown.
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\Hministerial\h
\Isay\j\b\i minni-\CX1steer\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p of or relating to a minister or ministry.
#
\Hministry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\ii-stree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i a) a body of ministers. b) the function or office of a minister. c) the department under the charge of a minister.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) the clergy. b) the profession or duties of a minister.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of ministering.
#
\Hmink\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small, cat-like mammal with a long, pointed nose, highly prized for its shiny brown fur. b) the fur of this animal.
#
\Hminnow\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, silvery, freshwater fish.
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\Hminor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-na \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i smaller or less important: a) 'these are only \Iminor\j\b\i objections, so I shall ignore them'; b) 'she was only a \Iminor\j\b\i poet'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i relating to one of two particular arrangements of the semitones in a key or scale. Compare \Jmajor\j\b\i.
\Bminor\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who has not reached the legal age of adulthood. Latin, less
#
\Hminority\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1norr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the lesser part or number: 'we were only a \Iminority\j\b\i, so our idea was rejected by the meeting'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state or time of being under full legal age.
#
\Hminster\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a church belonging to a monastery. b) a name given to certain large churches. Greek \Imonasterion\j\b\i monastery
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\Hminstrel\h
\Pnoun\p a) a travelling musician and singer in medieval Europe. b) a singer in a variety show, often wearing black face paint. \Bminstrelsy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1min\j\b\istrel-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, the art or songs, etc. of minstrels.
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\Hmint (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a green-leafed herb used in sweets, salads and sauces.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sweet flavoured with peppermint.
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\Hmint (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where coins are made.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vast amount of money: 'he's worth a \Imint\j\b\i'.
\Bmint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to issue stamps. b) to make coins.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I have \Iminted\j\b\i a new phrase' (= invented).
\Bmint\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
unused, or in the condition in which it was issued, e.g. a stamp or coin. Latin \Imoneta\j\b\i money
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\Hminuet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1min\j\b\i-yoo-ay \Ior\j\b\i min-yoo-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a stately court dance from France. b) the music for such a dance. Old French \Imenuet\j\b\i very small
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\Hminus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-nus preposition reduced by: 'two \Iminus\j\b\i one equals one'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was caught in the rain \Iminus\j\b\i my umbrella' (= without).
\Bminus\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) of or denoting subtraction: 'the \Iminus\j\b\i sign'; b) being in a negative direction: 'the temperature was \Iminus\j\b\i five degrees this morning'.
\Bminus\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the minus sign (-).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a negative amount. b) a loss or deficit.
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\Hminuscule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\ii-skewl \Padjective\p very small, especially of print or writing.
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\Hminute (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1minn\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or one 60th part of an hour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'll only be a \Iminute\j\b\i' (= short time).
\CX12.\j\b\i one 60th part of a degree.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the official record of the business of a meeting, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthis minute\j\b\i, immediately.
\Bup to the minute\j\b\i, most recent or modern.
\Bminute\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to record the proceedings of a meeting or discussion. Latin \Iminutus\j\b\i little
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\Hminute (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1newt\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very small: 'some insects are \Iminute\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i very precise or exact: '\Iminute\j\b\i detail'. \Bminutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bminuteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hminutiae\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1new\j\b\i-tee-eye plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bminutia\j\b\i
small or unimportant details.
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\Hminx\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an impudent or flirtatious girl.
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\HMiocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-o-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jtertiary\j\b\i.
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\Hmiracle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mirr\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a) an event which is believed to have a supernatural or divine cause. b) any wonderful or surprising event.
a) of or like a miracle. b) having the power to work miracles. \Bmiraculously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmiraculousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmirage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mir\j\b\i-ah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an optical phenomenon due to atmospheric conditions which creates the illusion of water or the reflected images of distant objects.
\CX12.\j\b\i any delusion or hopeless project. French \Imirer\j\b\i to look in a mirror
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\Hmire\h
\Pnoun\p swampy ground or mud.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they dragged him mercilessly through the \Imire\j\b\i' (= disgrace of public exposure). \Bmire\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to dirty with mud; \Bmiry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmirror\h
\Pnoun\p a reflecting surface, usually glass with a metal backing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this newspaper is a \Imirror\j\b\i of society' (= true reflection).
\Bmirror\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to reflect in or like a mirror: 'the lake \Imirrored\j\b\i the snow-capped mountains'.
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\Hmirth\h
\Pnoun\p a) merriment or rejoicing. b) laughter, e.g. at something absurd. \Bmirthful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of mirth, b) amusing; \Bmirthfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmirthfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmirthless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmis-\h
a prefix meaning mistaken or wrongly, as in \Imisunderstand\j\b\i.
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\Hmisadventure\h
\Pnoun\p bad luck.
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\Hmisadvise\h
\Pverb\p to advise wrongly.
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\Hmisalliance\h
\Pnoun\p an unsuitable alliance or marriage. \Bmisally\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i missa-\CX1lie\j\b\i), (\Bmisallied\j\b\i, \Bmisallying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmisandry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mis\j\b\i-an-dree \Pnoun\p a hatred of men. Greek \Imisos\j\b\i hatred + \Iandros\j\b\i man
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\Hmisanthrope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mizz\j\b\i'n-thrope \Pnoun\p a person who hates or distrusts mankind. \Bmisanthropic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mizz'n-\CX1thropp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmisanthropist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i miz-\CX1an\j\b\ithra-pist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a misanthrope; \Bmisanthropy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Imisos\j\b\i hatred + \Ianthropos\j\b\i mankind
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\Hmisapply\h
\Pverb\p to use wrongly.
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\Hmisapprehend\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-apri-\CX1hend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to misunderstand. \Bmisapprehension\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mis-apri-\CX1hen\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisappropriate\h
\Pverb\p to use in a wrongful way, especially someone else's money. \Bmisappropriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisbegotten\h
\Padjective\p illegitimate.
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\Hmisbehave\h
\Pverb\p to behave badly. \Bmisbehaviour\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscalculate\h
\Pverb\p to estimate or calculate wrongly. \Bmiscalculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscarriage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the premature delivery of a foetus that is too undeveloped to survive.
\CX12.\j\b\i a failure to arrive at a right result or destination: 'a \Imiscarriage\j\b\i of justice'. \Bmiscarry\j\b\i (\Bmiscarried\j\b\i, \Bmiscarrying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscegenation\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1sej\j\b\i'n-ash'n \Pnoun\p interbreeding between people of different races.
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\Hmiscellaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i missa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p consisting of things of different or various kinds.
a) fond of mischief. b) causing mischief. \Bmischievously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmischievousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1miss\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i able to be mixed in any proportions to form an even, homogeneous substance. \Bmiscibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i missi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisconceive\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-kon\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to misunderstand. \Bmisconception\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisconduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1kon\j\b\i-dukt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i wrong or unlawful behaviour.
\CX12.\j\b\i bad or unlawful management, as by an official. \Bmisconduct\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mis-kon-\CX1dukt\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmisconstrue\h
\Pverb\p to misunderstand or misinterpret. \Bmisconstruction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscount\h
\Pnoun\p a wrong count, especially of votes. \Bmiscount\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmiscreant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mis\j\b\i-kree-ant \Pnoun\p a villainous or criminal person. \Bmiscreant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmisdate\h
\Pverb\p to put the wrong date on something, such as a document, cheque, etc.
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\Hmisdeal\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmisdealt\j\b\i, \Bmisdealing\j\b\i)
to deal wrongly, especially playing cards. \Bmisdeal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisdeed\h
\Pnoun\p a crime or wicked action.
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\Hmisdemeanour\h
\Isay\j\b\i misdi-\CX1mee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p misdemeanor \CX11.\j\b\i a minor crime.
\CX12.\j\b\i any misbehaviour.
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\Hmisdirection\h
\Pnoun\p a wrong indication or instruction. \Bmisdirect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmise en scene\h
\Isay\j\b\i meez on \CX1sen\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i the elements of the staged scene which the camera views, such as costume, lighting, props, make-up, facial expressions.
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\Hmiser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-za \Pnoun\p a person who is greedy for or mean with money. \Bmiserly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmiserliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin, wretched
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\HmisΦre\h
\Isay\j\b\i miz-\CX1air\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a bid indicating an attempt not to win any tricks. French, misery
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\Hmisery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mizz\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i extreme unhappiness or distress.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which causes unhappiness or distress.
to lead astray. \Bmisleadingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmismanagement\h
\Pnoun\p any incompetent or dishonest management. \Bmismanage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmisnomer\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1no\j\b\i-mer \Pnoun\p a) a name wrongly applied to a person or thing. b) the act of naming something wrongly.
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\Hmisogamy\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1og\j\b\iga-mee \Pnoun\p a hatred of marriage. \Bmisogamist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisogyny\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1oj\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p a hatred of women. \Bmisogynist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Imisos\j\b\i hatred + \IgynΘ\j\b\i woman
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\Hmisplace\h
\Pverb\p to put something in a wrong place. \Bmisplacement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisprint\h
\Pnoun\p a mistake in printing. \Bmisprint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmispronounce\h
\Pverb\p to \Ppronoun\pce a word incorrectly. \Bmispronunciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisquote\h
\Pverb\p to quote incorrectly. \Bmisquotation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisread\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmisread\j\b\i, \Bmisreading\j\b\i)
to read or interpret something wrongly.
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\Hmisrepresent\h
\Pverb\p to give a false or misleading account, description, etc. of. \Bmisrepresentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmisrule\h
\Pnoun\p bad rule or government.
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\Hmiss (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fail to do or perform some action: a) 'I \Imissed\j\b\i the ball'; b) 'she \Imissed\j\b\i her appointment'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you just \Imissed\j\b\i being killed' (= escaped).
\CX12.\j\b\i to feel regret at the absence of something: 'she's unhappy because she misses her homeland'.
\Bmiss out\j\b\i, to omit or be omitted from something.
\Bmiss\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a failure to perform some action: 'only one of my five shots was a \Imiss\j\b\i'.
\Bgive it a miss\j\b\i, to avoid something.
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\Hmiss (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title for an unmarried woman. b) any young unmarried woman.
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\Hmissal\h
\Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a book containing the services of the Eucharist for the year.
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\Hmisshapen\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1shay\j\b\i-p'n \Padjective\p deformed or badly shaped.
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\Hmissile\h
\Pnoun\p any object, usually a weapon, which is thrown, fired or ejected. Latin \Imissilis\j\b\i that may be thrown
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\Hmissing\h
\Padjective\p absent, lacking or lost.
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\Hmissing link\h
a hypothetical animal supposed to have formed the link in evolution between apes and human beings.
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\Hmission\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an assignment for a particular purpose, e.g. military or diplomatic, usually in a foreign country: 'the pilots were briefed for their dangerous \Imission\j\b\i'. b) the person or people sent on such an assignment.
\CX12.\j\b\i an organisation or centre for religious and charitable work, especially overseas.
\CX13.\j\b\i a vocation: 'she felt that her \Imission\j\b\i in life was to fight alcoholism'. Latin \Imissio\j\b\i a sending
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\Hmissionary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mish\j\b\i'n-ree \Pnoun\p a priest or other person sent overseas to spread the teaching of a religion. \Bmissionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, connected with or engaged on a mission.
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\Hmissis\h
\Pnoun\p missus.
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\Hmissive\h
\Pnoun\p a letter or written message.
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\Hmisspell\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmisspelt\j\b\i, \Bmisspelling\j\b\i)
to spell a word incorrectly.
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\Hmisspend\h
\Pverb\p (\Bmisspent\j\b\i, \Bmisspending\j\b\i)
to waste or squander something, such as money, time, etc.
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\Hmissus\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bmissis\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wife.
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\Hmist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light fog.
\CX12.\j\b\i any fine drops of liquid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he smiled through a \Imist\j\b\i of tears' (= blur). \Bmist\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to become covered with mist; \Bmisty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmistily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmistiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmistake\h
\Pnoun\p a wrong idea or action: a) 'it was a \Imistake\j\b\i to leave my umbrella behind'; b) 'I made a \Imistake\j\b\i in my addition and got the wrong answer'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to understand wrongly: 'I \Imistook\j\b\i the meaning of her words'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to believe to be someone or something else: 'he always \Imistakes\j\b\i me for my twin sister'. \Bmistakeable\j\b\i, \Bmistakable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmistakeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmistakenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, wrongly.
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\HMister\h
\Pnoun\p a title for a man.
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\Hmistime\h
\Pverb\p to time something wrongly.
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\Hmistletoe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1miss\j\b\i'l-toe \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants parasitic on trees, with green leaves and white berries.
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\Hmistook\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bmistake\j\b\i.
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\Hmistreat\h
\Pverb\p to treat badly or wrongly. \Bmistreatment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmistress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title for a married woman.
\CX12.\j\b\i a female employer or person in authority, especially of a household.
\CX13.\j\b\i a female lover, especially one supported by a married man.
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\Hmistrial\h
\Isay\j\b\i miss-\CX1try\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a trial which is declared invalid due to an error in proceedings.
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\Hmistrust\h
\Pverb\p to doubt or regard with suspicion. \Bmistrust\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmistrustful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmistrustfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmistrustfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
a) a failure to understand. b) a disagreement: 'the landlord and I had a \Imisunderstanding\j\b\i about the rent'.
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\Hmisuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1yooz\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to use something for the wrong purpose or in the wrong way. b) to maltreat. \Bmisuse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1yoos\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmite\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that is very small, such as a child.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a group of small, often parasitic arachnids with sac-like bodies.
\Ba mite\j\b\i, 'this hat is \Ia mite\j\b\i too big' (= somewhat).
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\Hmitigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mitt\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p to make less intense or severe.
\Bmitigating circumstances\j\b\i
circumstances which make a mistake or crime seem less serious. \Bmitigatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmitigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bmilitate\j\b\i.
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\Hmitochondria\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-toe-\CX1kon\j\b\i-dreea \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the tiny structures within a cell's fluid which consist of many layers of folded membrane and in which cellular respiration occurs.
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\Hmitosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1toe\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the normal type of cell division in growing tissue, resulting in cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Compare \Jmeiosis\j\b\i. Greek \Imitos\j\b\i a thread + -osis
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\Hmitre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the tall headdress worn by a bishop during certain ceremonies.
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\Hmitre-joint\h
\Pnoun\p a joint made by cutting the ends of two pieces at identical angles and fixing the cut faces together.
\Bto mitre\j\b\i
to join with a mitre-joint.
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\Hmitt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a type of glove which does not fully cover the fingers. b) a mitten.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i a padded leather glove worn on the catching hand by the first base player and the catcher.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hand.
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\Hmitten\h
\Pnoun\p a fitted covering for the hand, covering the thumb separately and the other four fingers together.
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\Hmix\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put things together so that the various parts are blended or no longer fully distinct: a) 'she \Imixed\j\b\i the ingredients for the cake'; b) 'we \Imixed\j\b\i children of all age-groups for this class'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Imix\j\b\i business with pleasure' (= bring together).
b) 'he does not \Imix\j\b\i well at parties' (= get on with others).
\CX12.\j\b\i to combine various sounds on one soundtrack.
\Bmix up\j\b\i, a) 'he \Imixed up\j\b\i our names' (= confused); b) 'don't get \Imixed up\j\b\i in politics' (= involved).
\Bmix\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a mixture. b) a prepared set of ingredients for cooking: 'a cake \Imix\j\b\i'.
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\Hmixed blessing\h
an event which has disadvantages as well as advantages.
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\Hmixed marriage\h
a marriage between persons of different religions or races.
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\Hmixed number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the sum of an integer and a proper fraction, such as 4[***3/4].
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\Hmixer\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that mixes: a) 'he used the electric \Imixer\j\b\i to make a cake'; b) 'she's a good \Imixer\j\b\i at parties'.
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\Hmixture\h
\Pnoun\p any combination of different things, elements, qualities, etc.: 'this stew is a \Imixture\j\b\i of meat and vegetables'.
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\Hmix-up\h
\Pnoun\p a confused mistake.
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\Hmizzen\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a) the mast nearer the stern. b) the sail on this mast.
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\Hmnemonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ne-\CX1monn\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a short verse or phrase which helps one to remember.
\IExample:\j\b\i 'th\Ia\j\b\it p\Ie\j\b\in \Ii\j\b\is n\Io\j\b\it m\Iu\j\b\ich g\Ioo\j\b\id' for the short vowels in shorthand. \Bmnemonic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, assisting the memory. Greek \Imnemonikos\j\b\i for the memory
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\Hmoa\h
\Pnoun\p a large, extinct, flightless bird of New Zealand, similar to an emu or ostrich. Maori
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\Hmoan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long, low sound of pain or pleasure. b) any sound similar to this: 'the \Imoan\j\b\i of the wind'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a grumble. \Bmoan\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmoat\h
\Pnoun\p a pit or ditch, usually filled with water, dug around a building, e.g. a castle, to defend it.
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\Hmob\h
\Pnoun\p any large group of people or other animals, especially a disorderly or uncontrollable crowd.
\Bmob\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmobbed\j\b\i, \Bmobbing\j\b\i)
to crowd around in great numbers: 'the screaming fans \Imobbed\j\b\i the film star'. \Bmobster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a criminal. Latin \Imob\j\b\i(ile vulgus) fickle crowd
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\Hmob-cap\h
\Pnoun\p a woman's old-fashioned, soft, round cap for indoor wear, drawn in or gathered at the base.
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\Hmobile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-bile \Padjective\p able to move or be moved: 'a \Imobile\j\b\i crane'.
\Bmobile\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a hanging structure or sculpture with freely moving, balanced parts.
not real or genuine: 'a \Imock\j\b\i battle'. \Bmocker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmockingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmockery\h
\Pnoun\p any ridicule.
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\Hmockingbird\h
\Pnoun\p a type of American or Mexican songbird which mimics sounds.
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\Hmod\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) modern or fashionably up to date. short form of \Bmodern\j\b\i
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\Hmode\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a way in which something appears or is done: 'she has a strange \Imode\j\b\i of speech'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the language she uses is very much the \Imode\j\b\i at the moment' (= fashion).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a scale: 'the major and minor \Imodes\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the category with the highest frequency in a distribution. \Bmodal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-dal), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmodality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1dall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a method of procedure.
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\Hmodel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a representation of something, usually in miniature, used as a basis or design for copy, construction, etc.: 'a \Imodel\j\b\i of the proposed urban development'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Imodel\j\b\i of honesty' (= perfect example).
\CX12.\j\b\i a specific design: 'the latest \Imodel\j\b\i car'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who poses for a painter, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a person employed to wear and display clothes. b) the clothes, etc. displayed: 'the latest Paris \Imodels\j\b\i'.
\Bmodel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmodelled\j\b\i, \Bmodelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to act as a model: 'I \Imodel\j\b\i hats for a fashion house'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form or shape: 'she \Imodels\j\b\i in clay'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to copy: 'he \Imodels\j\b\i himself on his father'. \Bmodel\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imodulus\j\b\i a small measure
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\Hmodelling\h
\Pnoun\p the use of mathematical structures and calculations to test and manipulate data, which is often visualised in the form of spreadsheets or on-screen pictorial representations.
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\Hmodem\h
\Pnoun\p a device which converts data from one computer into a form which can be transmitted along telephone lines to another computer. \Bmo\j\b\i(dulator) \Bdem\j\b\i(odulator)
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\Hmoderate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1modd\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p not great or excessive: 'a \Imoderate\j\b\i income'.
a) the quality of being moderate: 'she shows \Imoderation\j\b\i in her eating'. b) the act of moderating.
\Bmoderator\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that moderates.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a material used to moderate neutron energy. \Bmoderately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmodern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1modd\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p of or characteristic of the present or most recent times: a) '\Imodern\j\b\i history'; b) '\Imodern\j\b\i jazz'.
\Bmodern\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a person of modern times. b) a person of modern ideas or opinions. \Bmodernity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mo\CX1der\j\b\ini-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being modern. Latin \Imodo\j\b\i lately
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\Hmodernise\h
\Pverb\p modernize to make or become modern. \Bmodernisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmodernism\h
\Pnoun\p sympathy or support for modern methods or ideas. \Bmodernist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supports modern ideas; \Bmodernist\j\b\i, \Bmodernistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmodest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1modd\j\b\iist \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not vain or boastful: 'she is a genius but she's not very \Imodest\j\b\i about it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i moderate in amount, appearance, etc.: '\Imodest\j\b\i needs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i bashful or decorous: 'her \Imodest\j\b\i demeanour seemed very old-fashioned'.
\Bmodesty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the quality of being modest. \Bmodestly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imodestus\j\b\i restrained, sober
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\Hmodicum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1modd\j\b\ii-k'm \Pnoun\p a small quantity or portion. Latin \Imodicus\j\b\i of middling size
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become somewhat different in form, character, etc.: 'the car was \Imodified\j\b\i to suit Australian conditions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to revise by making less extreme, uncompromising, etc.: 'to \Imodify\j\b\i one's views'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i to describe, limit or characterise the meaning of. \Bmodifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that modifies; \Bmodification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of modulating: 'your voice needs more \Imodulation\j\b\i'. b) the state of being modulated.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jamplitude modulation\j\b\i and \Bfrequency modulation\j\b\i. \Bmodulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that modulates.
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\Hmodule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mod\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a unit of measure, especially used for building materials.
\CX12.\j\b\i a component made of standardised size so that it can be combined with others in different ways, used in building, furniture, electronics, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a single unit, component or section of an educational course that treats a specific topic or theme. \Bmodular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mod\j\b\i-yoola), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmodus operandi\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-dus oppa-\CX1rand\j\b\ii a method or plan of operating or working. Latin
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\Hmodus vivendi\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-dus vi\CX1vend\j\b\ii a) a mode of living. b) a compromise or temporary agreement made between the parties in a dispute. Latin
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\Hmogul\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an important or powerful person.
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\Hmohair\h
\Pnoun\p a) the fleece of an Angora goat. b) a fabric made from this.
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\HMohammedanism\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1hamm\j\b\iedan-izm \Pnoun\p See \Jislam\j\b\i.
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\HMohs scale\h
\Isay\j\b\i moze scale a scale of hardness used in mineralogy, ranging from soft minerals such as talc and gypsum, to diamond, which is the hardest. first devised by \IFriedrich Mohs\j\b\i, 1773-1839, a German mineralogist
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\Hmoiety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1moy\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a portion, especially a half.
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\Hmoire\h
\Isay\j\b\i mwah \Pnoun\p watered silk.
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\Hmoist\h
\Padjective\p slightly wet. \Bmoisten\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1moy\j\b\i-sen), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make moist; \Bmoistly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmoistness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmoisture\h
\Pnoun\p any liquid or vapour, especially water-vapour, which makes something moist.
\Bmoisturise, moisturize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or restore moisture to: 'to \Imoisturise\j\b\i skin'. \Bmoisturiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something that moisturises, especially a cream or liquid used on the skin.
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\Hmoke\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a donkey. b) an inferior horse.
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\Hmolar (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mole\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the 12 square teeth at the back of the mouth. \Bmolar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imola\j\b\i millstone
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\Hmolar (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mole\j\b\i-a \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to a mole or measurement in moles.
the concentration of a solution, expressed as the number of moles of dissolved substance per litre of solution.
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\Hmolasses\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the syrup obtained from raw sugar.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i treacle.
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\Hmold\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i See \Jmould\j\b\i.
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\Hmole (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small, dark, often slightly raised spot on the skin.
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\Hmole (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small insect-eating mammals, usually living underground.
\Bmolehill\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small mound of earth raised up by burrowing moles.
\Bmake a mountain out of a molehill\j\b\i, to exaggerate, especially a minor difficulty
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\Hmole (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of a substance which contains the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12 g of carbon.
\CX12.\j\b\i the SI unit of amount of substance. See \Jsi unit\j\b\i. German \Imol\j\b\i molecule
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\Hmolecular biology\h
the study of the structure and function of the large molecules found in living cells.
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\Hmolecule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1moll\j\b\ia-kewl \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a stable group of atoms held together by weak attractive forces between electrons in neighbouring atoms; the smallest structural unit into which a chemical substance can be divided and still have the properties of that substance.
of, caused by or consisting of molecules. Latin \Imoles\j\b\i a mass
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\Hmolehill\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmole (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hmoleskin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fur of a mole.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a strong, cotton fabric. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) trousers made from this fabric.
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\Hmolest\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1lest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to interfere with so as to annoy or injure. \Bmolestation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmoll\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a) the girlfriend of a gangster. b) a prostitute. diminutive of \IMary\j\b\i
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\Hmollify\h
\Pverb\p to calm down or appease. \Bmollification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmollusc\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmollusk\j\b\i
any of a group of soft, invertebrate organisms, such as oysters, snails, etc., usually with a shell of one or more pieces covering the body. Latin \Imollis\j\b\i soft
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\Hmollycoddle\h
\Pverb\p to pamper or coddle. \Bmollycoddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is pampered or weak.
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\HMolotov cocktail\h
a home-made bomb consisting of a bottle filled with petrol or kerosene, and a wick. after \IV. M. Molotov\j\b\i, 1890-1986, a Russian statesman
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\Hmolt\h
\Pverb\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i See \Jmoult\j\b\i.
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\Hmolten\h
\Padjective\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bmelt\j\b\i.
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\Hmolybdenum\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1lib\j\b\ida-num \Pnoun\p element number 42, a metal used to strengthen and harden steel in tools. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hmoment\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a short space of time: 'wait a \Imoment\j\b\i'. b) a particular point of time: 'I cannot speak to you at this \Imoment\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i importance: 'the new discovery is of great \Imoment\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a) a tendency to produce motion, especially about an axis. b) the product of a physical quantity and its distance from an axis.
\Bmoment of truth\j\b\i, any moment when a person is put to a great test.
\Bmomently\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
a) every moment. b) from moment to moment.
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\Hmomentary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-men-tree \Padjective\p a) lasting only a moment: 'a \Imomentary\j\b\i glimpse'. b) at every moment: 'he lives in \Imomentary\j\b\i fear of capture by the police'. \Bmomentarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, for a moment. \Bmomentarily, instantly\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IMomentarily\j\b\i means for a moment: 'the feeling of sickness lasts only \Imomentarily\j\b\i'; whereas \Iinstantly\j\b\i means immediately or at once: 'I knocked at the door and it opened \Iinstantly\j\b\i'.
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\Hmomentous\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1men\j\b\i-tus \Padjective\p very important or likely to have serious consequences. \Bmomentously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmomentousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmomentum\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmomenta\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a moving force or energy: 'the rolling car gathered \Imomentum\j\b\i as it went down the hill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a vector quantity equal to the mass of a body multiplied by its velocity. Latin, movement
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\Hmonad\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a single-celled organism.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i an atom, element or radical with a valency of one. Greek \Imonados\j\b\i of a unit
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\Hmonandry\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo\CX1nan\j\b\i-dree \Pnoun\p See \Jmonogamy\j\b\i.
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\Hmonarch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mon\j\b\i-ark \Pnoun\p also called a \Bsovereign\j\b\i
a hereditary leader of a country, such as a king or queen, often with powers limited by a constitution or parliament.
a) the principles of government by a monarch. b) any support or favour for such principles. \Bmonarchical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mon-\CX1ark\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmonarchist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of monarchism. Greek \Imonos\j\b\i alone + \Iarkhein\j\b\i to rule
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\Hmonarchy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-kee \Pnoun\p a) government or a country ruled by a monarch. b) the power of a monarch.
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\Hmonastery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-stree \Pnoun\p a) a community of monks. b) the buildings in which they live.
of or characteristic of monks or a monastery. \Bmonastic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a monk; \Bmonasticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1nas\j\b\iti-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i, the monastic system or way of life. Greek \Imonazein\j\b\i to live alone
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\HMonday\h
\Pnoun\p the second day of the week.
\BMondayitis\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a reluctance to start the working week. Old English \Imonen\j\b\i moon + \Idaeg\j\b\i day
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\Hmonetarism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mon\j\b\i-i-tar-izm \Pnoun\p an economic policy based on the belief that only controlling the supply of money will decrease inflation and improve the economy generally.
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\Hmoney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1munn\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmonies\j\b\i or \Bmoneys\j\b\i
any currency used as a medium of exchange.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor my money\j\b\i, '\Ifor my money\j\b\i I think the plan won't work' (= in my opinion).
\Bin the money\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) rich.
\Bmoney for jam, for old rope\j\b\i, very easily come by. \Bmonetary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1munn\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to money, currency or finance; \Bmoneyed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wealthy. \Bmoney\j\b\i came into English from Old French \Imoneie\j\b\i but its origins lie in \IMoneta\j\b\i, a name applied to the Roman goddess Juno. It was also applied to her temple in Rome which contained a place for making coins, a mint. \IMoneta\j\b\i became the word for a mint and then a word for a coin that was minted.
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\Hmoneybags\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a very wealthy person.
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\Hmoney-grubber\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is greedy for money.
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\Hmoney order\h
an order for the equivalent of money deposited at one post office to be paid out at another post office to a person named.
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\Hmoney-spider\h
\Pnoun\p a small spider supposed to bring good fortune.
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\Hmoney-spinner\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is very profitable.
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\Hmonger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mung\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p a person who sells, deals in or promotes something: a) 'a \Ifishmonger\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Irumour-monger\j\b\i'.
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\Hmongol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mon\j\b\i-g'l \Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a person suffering from mongolism.
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\Hmongolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mon\j\b\i-g'l-izm \Pnoun\p also called \BDown's syndrome\j\b\i
(\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) a disease caused by abnormal chromosomes, resulting in mental deficiency, slanted eyes and short broad hands.
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\Hmongoloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mon\j\b\i-g'loyd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnthropology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) any of a major race of people including those of China and Japan, with yellowish skin, prominent cheekbones and straight black hair.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person suffering from mongolism. \Bmongoloid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmongoose\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmongooses\j\b\i
a small, ferret-like mammal found in Africa and Asia, noted for its ability to kill poisonous snakes.
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\Hmongrel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mung\j\b\i-grel \Pnoun\p a plant or animal, especially a dog, of mixed breed. \Bmongrel\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmonism\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that there is only one basic principle or substance in the world. Compare \Jdualism\j\b\i.
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\Hmonitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pupil appointed to perform certain duties in a class or school: 'Claire is blackboard \Imonitor\j\b\i this week'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any device used to control or check a process, such as a television screen in a studio for checking each stage of a program being broadcast. b) See \Jvisual display unit\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various large flesh-eating lizards with a slender head and long tail, found in Australia, Africa and Asia.
\Bmonitor\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to check, observe or supervise.
\CX12.\j\b\i to use a radio or television monitor. \Bmonitorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i monni-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmonk\h
\Isay\j\b\i munk \Pnoun\p a male member of a religious order living under vows, often apart from the secular world. \Bmonkish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a monk; \Bmonkhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition or following of a monk. Greek \Imonakhos\j\b\i solitary
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\Hmonkey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mung\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p any of various primates, such as the marmoset, rhesus, etc., found in tropical regions. After the ape, it is the closest to human beings in evolutionary development. Compare \Jape\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake a monkey of\j\b\i, to make a fool of.
\Bmonkey business\j\b\i, trickery or underhand dealing.
\Bmonkey\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to play or fool around.
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\Hmonkey-nut\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a macadamia nut.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a peanut.
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\Hmonkey-puzzle\h
\Pnoun\p a type of large pine tree originally from Chile. so named as it would test the climbing skills of even a monkey
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\Hmonkey-wrench\h
\Pnoun\p any of various adjustable spanners or wrenches with jaws at right angles to the handle.
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\Hmono\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) monophonic.
#
\Hmono-\h
a prefix meaning one or single, as in \Imonochrome\j\b\i. Greek \Imonos\j\b\i single, alone
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\Hmonochromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i monno-kro-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to waves of one wavelength, such as light of one colour or sound of one frequency.
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\Hmonochrome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-krome \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a painting or drawing in tones of one colour. b) the state of being in shades of one colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a black and white photograph. \Bmonochromatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bmono-\j\b\i + Greek \Ikhroma\j\b\i colour
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\Hmonocle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a single lens held in front of the eye by the angle between the nose and the eyebrow. \Bmono-\j\b\i + Latin \Ioculus\j\b\i eye
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\Hmonocline\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a single fold in layers of rock.
\Bmonoclinal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of strata) dipping in the same direction.
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\Hmonocotyledon\h
\Isay\j\b\i monno-kotta-\CX1lee\j\b\idon \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a plant having one seed leaf in the embryo, with the flower parts occurring in groups or multiples of three. Compare \Jdicotyledon\j\b\i.
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\Hmonoculture\h
\Pnoun\p the growing of only one crop on the land or of only one species in a particular area of water.
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\Hmonogamy\h
\Isay\j\b\i mon-\CX1ogg\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the custom of having one husband or wife at a time. Compare \Jpolygamy\j\b\i. \Bmonogamist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmonogamous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hmonogram\h
\Pnoun\p a design consisting of several letters combined, such as a person's initials.
#
\Hmonograph\h
\Pnoun\p an account of one particular subject. \Bmonographic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmonolith\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a single block of stone or rock of considerable size, such as Uluru. b) something, such as a monument, made from a single block of stone.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything having a massive, uniform or unyielding character or quality: 'the \Imonolith\j\b\i of public service bureaucracy'.
a) of or like a monolith. b) massive and uniform: 'no individual freedom was allowed in the \Imonolithic\j\b\i state'. \Bmono-\j\b\i + Greek \Ilithos\j\b\i a stone
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\Hmonologue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-log \Pnoun\p a speech, especially a long speech, made by one person, e.g. in a play. \Bmono-\j\b\i + Greek \Ilogos\j\b\i a word
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\Hmonomania\h
\Isay\j\b\i monna-\CX1may\j\b\i-nia \Pnoun\p an exaggerated obsession with a single thing or subject. \Bmonomaniac\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmonomer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-ma \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a chemical compound consisting of single molecules.
\Isay\j\b\i monna-\CX1fonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to sound reproduction through one sound source. Compare \Jstereophonic\j\b\i and \Bquadraphonic\j\b\i.
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\Hmonoplane\h
\Pnoun\p an aeroplane with one pair of wings.
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\Hmonopoly\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1nopp\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p an exclusive control over or right to something.
\Bmonopolise, monopolize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to have or exercise a monopoly: 'he \Imonopolised\j\b\i all her attention'. \Bmonopolist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supports or has a monopoly; \Bmonopolistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmonopoliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who monopolises; \Bmonopolisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmonorail\h
\Pnoun\p a railway with carriages running on or suspended from a single rail.
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\Hmonosodium glutamate\h
\Isay\j\b\i monno-\CX1so\j\b\i-dee-um \CX1gloo\j\b\ita-mate a white crystalline solid, soluble in water, used to intensify the flavour of foods.
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\Hmonosyllable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\io-silla-b'l \Pnoun\p a word of one syllable.
using or composed of a monosyllable or monosyllables: 'a \Imonosyllabic\j\b\i reply'.
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\Hmonotheism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\io-thee-izm \Pnoun\p the belief that there is only one god or supreme being. Compare \Jpolytheism\j\b\i. \Bmonotheist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmonotheistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i monno-thee-\CX1ist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmonotone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of sounds in the same tone or pitch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lack of variety in sound, style, etc.
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\Hmonotony\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo\CX1nott\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p a wearisome sameness or a lack of variety: 'he was tired of the \Imonotony\j\b\i of his job'.
\Bmonotonous\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
lacking variety or interest: 'a flat, \Imonotonous\j\b\i landscape'. \Bmonotonously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmonotonousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmonotreme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1monn\j\b\ia-treem \Pnoun\p the most primitive type of mammal, such as the platypus and echidna, found only in Australia and New Guinea. Like birds, they lay eggs and have a common opening at the posterior end for the genital, digestive and urinary tracts.
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\Hmonotropic\h
\Isay\j\b\i monno-\CX1tropp\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i existing only in one stable physical form.
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\Hmonovalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i monno-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nt \Padjective\p See \Junivalent\j\b\i.
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\Hmonoxide\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i an oxide containing one oxygen atom in each molecule.
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\HMonseigneur\h
\Isay\j\b\i mon-\CX1seen\j\b\i-yer \Pnoun\p a French title of honour for princes, bishops, etc. French \Imon\j\b\i my + \Iseigneur\j\b\i lord
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\Hmonsieur\h
\Isay\j\b\i m'\CX1syoor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmessieurs\j\b\i
the French title for a man.
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\HMonsignor\h
\Isay\j\b\i mon-\CX1seen\j\b\i-yor \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i an honorary title for certain officials. Italian
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\Hmonsoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, usually blowing from the south-west in summer (the \Bwet monsoon\j\b\i), and from the north-east in winter (the \Bdry monsoon\j\b\i).
\CX12.\j\b\i the season of the south-west monsoon which brings heavy rain. Arabic \Imawsim\j\b\i fixed season
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\Hmonster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an imaginary creature.
\CX12.\j\b\i person or thing of abnormal shape or size.
\CX13.\j\b\i a cruel or wicked person. \Bmonster\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, huge. Latin \Imonstrum\j\b\i a wonder
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is monstrous or like a monster. \Bmonstrously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmonstrousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmontage\h
\Isay\j\b\i mon-\CX1tah\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the arrangement of several pictures or designs together or on top of each other. French, a putting together
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\Hmonth\h
\Isay\j\b\i munth \Pnoun\p any of the twelve parts into which the calendar year is divided.
\Bmonthly\j\b\i \Iadjective, \Padverb\p\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or occurring once a month. b) of or occurring every month.
\CX12.\j\b\i lasting for a month: 'a \Imonthly\j\b\i ticket'.
\Bmonthly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a magazine or publication produced once a month.
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\Hmonument\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a building or structure, such as a statue, built in memory of a person or event.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that serves as an important example or reminder.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a \Imonumental\j\b\i mason' (= specialising in monuments for the dead).
\CX12.\j\b\i huge, colossal or imposing: 'it was a \Imonumental\j\b\i achievement'. \Bmonumentalise\j\b\i, \Bmonumentalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a lasting monument of; \Bmonumentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, hugely. Latin \Imonere\j\b\i to remind
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\Hmooch\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to loiter or slouch about.
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\Hmood (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a state of mind or feeling: 'he was in a good \Imood\j\b\i'.
\Bmoody\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) changeable in mood. b) gloomy or sulky. \Bmoodily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmoodiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmood (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the change of form in a \Pverb\p to express the manner in which the statement is made.
the \Bindicative mood\j\b\i states a simple fact or asks a question. \IExample\j\b\i: the boy \Irode\j\b\i a bicycle.
the \Bimperative mood\j\b\i expresses a command. \IExample\j\b\i: \Ibuy\j\b\i this book now.
the \Bsubjunctive mood\j\b\i expresses doubt or supposition. \IExample\j\b\i: if she \Ishould come\j\b\i, I would be very surprised.
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\Hmoog synthesiser\h
short form is \Bmoog\j\b\i
an electronic musical instrument. a trademark
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\Hmoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a) the natural satellite of the earth. b) any natural satellite of another planet.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with a crescent or rounded shape.
\Bonce in a blue moon\j\b\i, very seldom.
\Bmoon\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to wander about or gaze dreamily.
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\Hmoonbeam\h
\Pnoun\p a ray of moonlight.
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\Hmoonlight\h
\Pnoun\p the light of the moon.
\Bmoonlight flit\j\b\i, a secret departure at night to avoid paying the rent.
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\Hmoonlighter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who performs illegal acts at night, such as a poacher or housebreaker.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who works in a second job. \Bmoonlight\j\b\i (\Bmoonlit\j\b\i, \Bmoonlighting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmoonshine\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any nonsensical talk or ideas.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any illegally distilled or smuggled liquor.
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\Hmoonshot\h
\Pnoun\p the launching of a rocket to the moon.
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\Hmoonstone\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a translucent, sometimes milky feldspar mineral, used as a gem.
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\Hmoonstruck\h
\Padjective\p dazed or mad, supposedly due to the moon's influence.
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\Hmoor (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an open, wild area of land covered with coarse grasses and other low vegetation.
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\Hmoor (2)\h
\Pverb\p to fix in position by ropes, weights, etc.: 'to \Imoor\j\b\i a boat'.
\Bmoorage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the state of being moored. b) a place for mooring.
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\HMoor (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a member of the part-Arab nations living in north-west Africa. \BMoorish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmoorhen\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwaterhen\j\b\i
a small, stout, blackish bird related to the rail.
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\Hmoose\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmoose\j\b\i See \Jelk\j\b\i.
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\Hmoot\h
\Pverb\p to raise a question, etc. for discussion or debate.
\Bmoot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
short form of \Bmoot court\j\b\i
\ILaw:\j\b\i a meeting of law students in order to gain practice by discussing imaginary cases. \Bmoot\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, doubtful or open to debate.
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\Hmop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loose bunch of cloth or yarn attached to a long handle and used for cleaning floors, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an unruly mass, as of hair.
\Bmop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmopped\j\b\i, \Bmopping\j\b\i)
to clean or wipe with or as if with a mop: 'she \Imopped\j\b\i the sweat from her brow'.
\Bmop up\j\b\i, a) to finish off a job, etc.; b) to clear a captured area of any remaining enemy troops. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Bmop-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmope\h
\Pverb\p to be listless or dejected.
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\Hmoped\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-ped \Pnoun\p a bicycle equipped with a motor. \Bmo\j\b\i(tor) \Bped\j\b\i(als)
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\Hmopoke\h
\Pnoun\p a) a frogmouth. b) a boobook.
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\Hmoppet\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a child or young girl.
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\Hmoquette\h
\Isay\j\b\i mok-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a thick, velvety fabric used for carpets and upholstery.
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\Hmoraine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a mound or ridge on the earth's surface deposited by a glacier. French
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\Hmoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1morr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) principles concerning right and wrong.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lesson taught by the example set in a story or fable.
\Bmoral\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i relating to principles of right and wrong: 'abortion raises \Imoral\j\b\i questions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i based on, expressing or conforming to accepted principles of right and wrong: '\Imoral\j\b\i behaviour'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Imoral\j\b\i obligation' (= based on a sense of duty).
b) 'I need lots of \Imoral\j\b\i support' (= psychological).
\Bmoral victory\j\b\i, a result which is not a victory but provides moral satisfaction. \Bmorally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmoralist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who teaches or encourages moral behaviour; \Bmoralistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i morra-\CX1list\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Imores\j\b\i customs, morals
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\Hmorale\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the confidence, zeal, cheerfulness, etc. of a person or group of people: 'the company made a loss because of low \Imorale\j\b\i'.
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\Hmoralise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1morr\j\b\ia-lize \Pverb\p moralize to speak or write on moral questions, especially in a self-righteous way. \Bmoraliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmoralisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmoralisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmorality\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i good or virtuous conduct.
\CX12.\j\b\i a system or code of morals.
\CX13.\j\b\i moral character or quality.
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\Hmorass\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rass\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a bog or area of soft, wet land.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Imorass\j\b\i of difficulties' (= complex situation).
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\Hmoratorium\h
\Isay\j\b\i morra-\CX1taw\j\b\irium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmoratoria\j\b\i or \Bmoratoriums\j\b\i
a temporary halt or delay, such as a legal authorisation to delay payment of a debt.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the students organised an anti-conscription \Imoratorium\j\b\i during the Vietnam war' (= campaign of protest). Latin \Imorari\j\b\i to delay
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\Hmoray eel\h
any of various brightly coloured or marked eels found in warm waters.
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\Hmorbid\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i gloomy or mentally unwholesome.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or caused by disease. \Bmorbidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmorbidness\j\b\i, \Bmorbidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mor-\CX1bidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Imorbus\j\b\i disease
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\Hmordant\h
\Pnoun\p a substance, such as alum, used in dyeing to fix the dye to the surface of the fabric.
\Padjective\p the comparative form of \Bmuch\j\b\i.
\Bmore\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to a greater extent or degree.
\CX12.\j\b\i again.
\Bmore or less\j\b\i, approximately. \Bmore\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmoreover\h
\Padverb\p besides.
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\Hmores\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1maw\j\b\i-rayz plural \Pnoun\p the accepted moral customs of a group or society. Latin
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\HMoreton Bay fig\h
a large Australian tree with a wide trunk and large, leathery leaves.
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\Hmorganatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i morga-\CX1natt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p relating to a marriage between a man of high rank and a woman of lower rank in which the wife and children do not share or inherit the rank or property of the husband.
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\Hmorgue\h
\Isay\j\b\i morg \Pnoun\p a place where dead bodies are kept for identification.
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\Hmoribund\h
\Padjective\p close to death or extinction.
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\Hmorn\h
\Pnoun\p a poetic word for morning.
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\Hmorning\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the beginning or the early part of the day, before noon.
\CX12.\j\b\i the early part of anything.
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\Hmorning-glory\h
\Pnoun\p a climbing plant with trumpet-shaped, usually blue, flowers.
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\Hmorning sickness\h
nausea, often experienced in the morning during the early months of pregnancy.
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\Hmorning star\h
See \Jvenus\j\b\i.
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\Hmorocco\h
\Isay\j\b\i ma-\CX1rokk\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a fine leather made from goatskins. first made in \IMorocco\j\b\i, Africa
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\Hmoron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1maw\j\b\i-ron \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an adult whose mental development corresponds to that of a normal child between the ages of 8 and 12.
\Padjective\p gloomily bad-tempered or unsociable. \Bmorosely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmoroseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmorphine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1more\j\b\i-feen \Pnoun\p also called \Bmorphia\j\b\i
a bitter substance which is the most important narcotic in opium, used to relieve pain and as a narcotic. after \IMorpheus\j\b\i, the ancient Greek god of dreams
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\Hmorphing\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the use of special-purpose software to show the various stages in the evolution of one digital graphic image as it changes into another.
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\Hmorphology\h
\Isay\j\b\i mor-\CX1foll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the shape, form and structure of anything, such as biological or geographical forms. \Bmorphologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmorphological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i morfa-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmorrow\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning: a) morning; b) the next day.
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\Hmorse code\h
a method of signalling, using a combination of short and long pulses (called dots and dashes) for each letter of the alphabet. after \ISamuel Morse\j\b\i, 1791-1872, American inventor of the telegraph system
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\Hmorsel\h
\Pnoun\p a small piece or amount. Latin \Imorsum\j\b\i bite
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\Hmortal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1more\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i subject to death: 'all living creatures are \Imortal\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing death: 'she received a \Imortal\j\b\i wound in the freak accident'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was my \Imortal\j\b\i enemy' (= extreme, deadly).
\Bmortal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a human being. \Bmortally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Imortis\j\b\i of death
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\Hmortality\h
\Isay\j\b\i more-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the condition of being mortal or having to die.
\CX12.\j\b\i any death or loss of life.
\CX13.\j\b\i human beings considered as a group.
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\Hmortality rate\h
See \Jdeath rate\j\b\i.
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\Hmortar (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy bowl in which substances may be crushed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a portable weapon with a short barrel, firing shells or bombs at a steep angle.
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\Hmortar (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a mixture of cement or lime, sand and water which sets hard and is used for joining bricks, etc. Compare \Jconcrete\j\b\i.
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\Hmortarboard\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Btrencher\j\b\i
a stiff, square, black cap, often part of formal university clothing.
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\Hmortgage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mor\j\b\i-gij \Pnoun\p a) the conditional transferring of property as security for a loan. b) the deed by which such a transfer is made. \Bmortgage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bmortgagor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who mortgages property; \Bmortgagee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person to whom the property is transferred. French \Imort\j\b\i dead + \Igage\j\b\i pledge
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\Hmortician\h
\Isay\j\b\i mor-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i an undertaker.
\CX11.\j\b\i to hurt the feelings of or humiliate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to discipline by self-denial, etc. \Bmortifyingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmortification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmortise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mor\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bmortice\j\b\i
a deep rectangular hole or slot in a surface, into which a matching tapered end (a \Btenon\j\b\i), is fitted to form a joint. \Bmortise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to join by, or as if by a mortise, b) to cut a mortise in.
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\Hmortuary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mor\j\b\i-tew-ree \Pnoun\p a place where bodies are kept before burial. Latin \Imortuus\j\b\i dead
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\Hmorwong\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of yellowish-green, edible Australian fish.
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\Hmosaic\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1zay\j\b\i-ik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a decoration consisting of small pieces of coloured glass, stone, etc. applied to the surface to form a design.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar form or pattern. \Bmosaic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Imouseios\j\b\i of the Muses
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\Hmosey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-zee \Pverb\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to wander around. b) to leave.
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\HMoslem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1moz\j\b\ilem \Pnoun\p also spelt \BMuslim\j\b\i
a follower of Islam. \BMoslem\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmosque\h
\Isay\j\b\i mosk \Pnoun\p a Moslem house of worship.
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\Hmosquito\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1skee\j\b\ito \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmosquitoes\j\b\i
any of a group of flies with scaly wings and able to transmit diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. The female has a long proboscis for sucking blood. Spanish, little fly
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\Hmosquito net\h
a net for keeping out mosquitoes.
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\Hmoss\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, green plants with very small leaves and root-like filaments, growing in damp places. \Bmossy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like, or overgrown with, moss.
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\Hmost\h
\Padjective\p the superlative form of \Bmuch\j\b\i.
\Bmost\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the greatest number, amount, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat the most\j\b\i, 'he can stay until midnight \Iat the most\j\b\i' (= as a maximum).
\Bmake the most of\j\b\i, to use to the best advantage.
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1tel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a hotel which provides accommodation for motorists.
#
\Hmotet\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1tet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p contrapuntal sacred music, usually for unaccompanied voices.
#
\Hmoth\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of usually nocturnal insects, similar to butterflies but with longer antennae and often with duller colouring.
#
\Hmothball\h
\Pnoun\p a small ball made of naphthalene, used in cupboards, etc. to repel moths.
#
\Hmoth-eaten\h
\Padjective\p old and shabby, as though eaten by moths.
#
\Hmother\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a female parent.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which creates, produces or nurtures, like a mother: 'necessity is the \Imother\j\b\i of invention'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the head of a female religious community.
\Bmother\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being or like a mother: a) 'a \Imother\j\b\i hen'; b) '\Imother\j\b\i church'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'English is my \Imother\j\b\i tongue' (= native). \Bmother\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to be the mother of, b) to care for as a mother; \Bmotherly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmotherliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmotherhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being a mother, b) the qualities of a mother.
#
\Hmotherboard\h
\Pnoun\p the main circuit board of a computer, which contains such elements as the central processing unit (CPU) and main memory, and which controls and supports any other circuit boards.
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\Hmothercraft\h
\Pnoun\p the knowledge or skill related to the bringing up of children.
#
\Hmothering\h
\Pnoun\p the care of children or animals.
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\Hmother-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmothers-in-law\j\b\i
the mother of one's husband or wife.
#
\Hmotherland\h
\Pnoun\p a person's native country.
#
\Hmother-of-pearl\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bnacre\j\b\i
the shiny rainbow-coloured lining of certain shells, especially the pearl oyster, commonly used to make ornaments, ashtrays, etc.
#
\HMother Superior\h
the head of a convent.
#
\Hmotif\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo-\CX1teef\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a repeated theme, subject or figure, e.g. in a design. French
#
\Hmotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i movement or the process of moving: a) 'the clouds were in constant \Imotion\j\b\i'; b) 'watch my \Imotions\j\b\i carefully'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal proposal at a meeting, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i any bowel action or faeces.
\Bgo through the motions\j\b\i, to do something in an insincere or incomplete manner.
\Bmotion\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to direct or gesture: 'she \Imotioned\j\b\i us to be quiet'. \Bmotionless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, still.
#
\Hmotion picture\h
a film, such as is shown in a cinema.
#
\Hmotive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mo\j\b\i-tiv \Pnoun\p something which causes a person to act in a particular way: 'a \Imotive\j\b\i for murder'.
\Bmotive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or causing motion: 'feet are the \Imotive\j\b\i organs of most animals'. \Bmotivate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with a motive or motives; \Bmotivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmotivationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who provides others with a motive or motives.
#
\Hmot juste\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo {\ul\Izh\j\b\ioost\j\b\i a word which expresses the exact meaning of something. French, exact word
#
\Hmotley\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i made up of very different parts: 'a \Imotley\j\b\i crowd'.
\Pnoun\p a) a device which receives and converts energy, especially electricity, in order to drive machinery. b) an internal combustion engine, especially as used in a motor vehicle.
\Bmotor\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i operated by or used in a motor: 'a \Imotor\j\b\i vehicle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing motion: 'a \Imotor\j\b\i nerve excites muscle movement'. \Bmotor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to drive a motor car.
#
\Hmotorbike\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a motorcycle.
#
\Hmotor boat\h
a boat propelled by means of an engine.
#
\Hmotorcade\h
\Pnoun\p a procession of motor vehicles. \Bmotor\j\b\i + (caval) cade
#
\Hmotor car\h
short form is \Bcar\j\b\i
a vehicle, which is able to carry several people, powered by a motor and usually running on four wheels. \Bmotorist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who drives a motor car.
#
\Hmotorcycle\h
\Pnoun\p a motor vehicle similar to a heavy bicycle. \Bmotorcyclist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmotorise\h
\Pverb\p motorize \CX11.\j\b\i to provide with a motor.
\CX12.\j\b\i to supply with motor vehicles: 'the police squad has been fully \Imotorised\j\b\i'. \Bmotorisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmotor scooter\h
See \Jscooter\j\b\i.
#
\Hmotorway\h
\Pnoun\p a freeway.
#
\Hmottled\h
\Padjective\p marked or covered with spots or blotches of a different colour. \Bmottle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hmotto\h
\Pnoun\p a word or sentence which expresses one's rule or rules of conduct, e.g. 'never say die'. Italian, word
#
\Hmould (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i old \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmold\j\b\i
a) a hollow form into which a liquid is poured and left to harden into the required shape. b) something which is formed in this way: 'a \Imould\j\b\i of jelly'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this boy is of the same \Imould\j\b\i as his mother' (= character, nature).
\Bmould\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to model or form into the required shape: 'she \Imoulded\j\b\i a head from clay'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Imoulded\j\b\i herself after her hero' (= modelled).
#
\Hmould (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i old \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmold\j\b\i
a growth of minute fungi forming a furry layer.
\Bmouldy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i covered with mould.
\CX12.\j\b\i musty or stale.
#
\Hmould (3)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i old \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bmold\j\b\i
rich, loose earth for growing plants.
#
\Hmoulder (1)\h
\Pverb\p to decay or rot.
#
\Hmoulder (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who moulds.
#
\Hmoulding\h
\Pnoun\p a line of ornamental plaster or woodwork around a wall, window, etc.
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\Hmoult\h
\Isay\j\b\i molt \Pverb\p in America spelt \Bmolt\j\b\i
to shed feathers, skin, etc. which are replaced by new growth.
#
\Hmound\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heap of earth, sand, stones, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a natural elevation, such as a hillock or knoll.
#
\Hmount (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to ascend or climb on to: 'he \Imounted\j\b\i his horse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fix something into a position, setting, etc.: 'to \Imount\j\b\i photographs in an album'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the musical production was \Imounted\j\b\i by the social club' (= staged, set up).
\CX13.\j\b\i to increase in amount: 'costs were \Imounting\j\b\i rapidly'.
\Bmount\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or manner of mounting. b) a support, etc. on which something is mounted.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse, etc. for riding.
#
\Hmount (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a mountain.
#
\Hmountain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of very high land rising to a summit.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large heap or pile.
\Bmountainous\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of an area) full of mountains.
\CX12.\j\b\i huge or very high: 'a \Imountainous\j\b\i pile of rubbish'.
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\Hmountain ash\h
a) a very tall variety of eucalypt, used as timber. b) any of a group of small, European trees with white flowers and reddish berries.
#
\Hmountaineer\h
\Pnoun\p a mountain climber. \Bmountaineer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hmountain lion\h
a puma.
#
\Hmountebank\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mount\j\b\ii-bank \Pnoun\p a quack or trickster.
#
\Hmourn\h
\Isay\j\b\i morn \Pverb\p to grieve or feel sorrow, especially for a dead person. \Bmourner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who mourns or attends a funeral; \Bmourning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) sorrow, b) the outward signs of bereavement or grief.
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\Hmournful\h
\Padjective\p a) exhibiting, expressing or feeling deep sorrow. b) gloomy. \Bmournfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmournfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmouse\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bmice\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of various small, very common rodents with a long, hairless tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a shy or timid person.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a device which is moved on a flat surface on the desk which causes the cursor on the screen to move in the same direction. \Bmouse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hunt or catch mice; \Bmousy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) resembling a mouse in colour, etc., b) drab.
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\Hmousse\h
\Isay\j\b\i moose \Pnoun\p a) a light, fluffy dessert made with cream, eggs, gelatine and flavouring, usually served chilled. b) a preparation of a similar consistency used to style hair. French, froth
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\Hmoustache\h
\Isay\j\b\i moo-\CX1stahsh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bmustache\j\b\i
the hair on the face which grows above the upper lip. Greek \Imystakos\j\b\i of the upper lip
#
\Hmouth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the opening through which food is taken in.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'nine \Imouths\j\b\i to feed' (= people).
\CX12.\j\b\i any opening or entrance: 'the \Imouth\j\b\i of a cave'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a mouth: 'the \Imouth\j\b\i of a river'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdown in the mouth\j\b\i, unhappy or depressed.
\Bput words into someone's mouth\j\b\i, to allege that someone said what he or she did not say.
\Btake the words out of one's mouth\j\b\i, See \Jword\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to form words silently with the mouth.
\CX12.\j\b\i to declaim or speak pompously.
#
\Hmouth organ\h
See \Jharmonica\j\b\i.
#
\Hmouthpiece\h
\Pnoun\p the part of something, such as a musical instrument, which is placed near or in the mouth.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this newspaper is a \Imouthpiece\j\b\i for the government' (= spokesperson).
#
\Hmouth-to-mouth resuscitation\h
a method of artificial respiration in which one person breathes into the mouth of another.
#
\Hmouth-watering\h
\Padjective\p appetising.
#
\Hmovable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1moo\j\b\iva-b'l \Padjective\p moveable \CX11.\j\b\i able to be moved.
\CX12.\j\b\i varying in date: 'Easter is a \Imovable\j\b\i feast'.
\Bmovables\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
personal property that can be moved from the house, especially furniture. \Bmovability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i moova-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmove\h
\Isay\j\b\i moov \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change place or position: a) '\Imove\j\b\i this chair into the next room'; b) 'the branches of the tree \Imoved\j\b\i gently in the wind'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this horse \Imoves\j\b\i with a smooth action' (= runs).
b) 'time \Imoves\j\b\i slowly when there is nothing to do' (= advances).
c) 'look at the time! it's time we were \Imoving\j\b\i' (= leaving).
d) 'they \Imove\j\b\i in very arty circles' (= are active in).
\CX12.\j\b\i to arouse, especially feelings of pity, compassion, etc.: 'we were \Imoved\j\b\i by her sad story'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what on earth \Imoved\j\b\i you to do such a thing? (= prompted).
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a formal proposal, suggestion, etc.
\Bmove\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any movement: 'one \Imove\j\b\i and I'll shoot you'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget a move on\j\b\i, hurry up!
\Bmake a move\j\b\i, a) 'it's time we \Imade a move\j\b\i' (= began to act); b) (\IGames\j\b\i) to have a turn by moving a piece, etc.
\Bon the move\j\b\i, a) 'the troops are \Ion the move\j\b\i' (= moving); b) 'we had to have lunch \Ion the move\j\b\i' (= while moving). \Bmovingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hmovement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act, process or result of moving.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I've been following your \Imovements\j\b\i closely' (= actions, activities).
\CX12.\j\b\i the organisation of a group of people for a special goal: 'the anti-smoking \Imovement\j\b\i is very strong'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a main division of a symphony, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i the inner workings of a watch.
#
\Hmovie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a film, especially one shown in a cinema.
#
\Hmow\h
\Isay\j\b\i mo \Pverb\p (\Bmowed\j\b\i, \Bmown\j\b\i or \Bmowed\j\b\i, \Bmowing\j\b\i)
to cut down grass, etc. with a scythe or machine.
\Bmow down\j\b\i, to destroy or kill in great numbers. \Bmower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or device that mows.
#
\Hmozzarella\h
\Isay\j\b\i motsa-\CX1rel\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a mild, soft, pale cheese, often used in pizzas and in pasta dishes.
#
\Hmuch\h
\Padjective\p (\Bmore\j\b\i, \Bmost\j\b\i)
great in amount, size, etc.: 'I had \Imuch\j\b\i trouble hiring the camels'.
\Bmuch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a great amount or quantity: '\Imuch\j\b\i of the work was difficult'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake much of\j\b\i, a) 'I didn't \Imake much of\j\b\i the film' (= understand); b) 'you \Imake\j\b\i too \Imuch of\j\b\i such a small thing' (= attach much importance to).
\Bmuch of a muchness\j\b\i, very similar. \Bmuch\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) greatly, b) approximately.
#
\Hmucilage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\isi-lij \Pnoun\p an adhesive or gummy substance, such as glue. \Bmucilaginous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mew-see-\CX1laj\j\b\iinus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, sticky.
#
\Hmuck\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i manure or dirt.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) rubbish.
\CX13.\j\b\i a soil with a high humus content.
\Bmake a muck of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to spoil.
\Bmuck\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fertilise with manure.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make dirty.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmuck about\j\b\i, \Bmuck around\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to loaf or fool around.
\Bmuck in\j\b\i, to help out.
\Bmuck out\j\b\i, to remove manure or dirt from stables, etc.
\Bmuck up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to spoil or ruin. \Bmucky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, messy or dirty.
#
\Hmuckrake\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to uncover unsavoury facts with undue diligence and hypocritical motives.
#
\Hmucous membrane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\ikus membrane \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a lubricating membrane lining internal surfaces such as the nose and throat.
#
\Hmucus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\ikus \Pnoun\p a thick secretion of a mucous membrane. \Bmucous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin
#
\Hmud\h
\Pnoun\p soft, wet earth.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas clear as mud\j\b\i, not clear at all.
\Bone's name is mud\j\b\i, being in disgrace.
\Bthrow mud at\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to abuse.
#
\Hmuddle\h
\Pverb\p to confuse or mix up.
\Bmuddle through\j\b\i, to manage to cope, usually without organised planning.
\Bmuddle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a jumbled or confused state: 'my mind is in a \Imuddle\j\b\i'. \Bmuddler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmuddle-headed\h
\Padjective\p vague or confused.
#
\Hmuddy\h
\Padjective\p a) covered with mud. b) not clear or bright. \Bmuddy\j\b\i, (\Bmuddied\j\b\i, \Bmuddying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hmudguard\h
\Pnoun\p a metal shield preventing mud or water being thrown outwards from the wheels of a vehicle.
#
\Hmud pack\h
a cosmetic pack for the face.
#
\Hmudslinger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who abuses others.
#
\Hmudstone\h
\Pnoun\p a sedimentary rock formed by the compression of layers of mud.
#
\Hmuesli\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\iz-lee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1mooz\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p a breakfast food of whole-grain cereals, nuts and dried fruits. Swiss-German
#
\Hmuezzin\h
\Isay\j\b\i moo-\CX1ezz\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p a caller who summons Moslems to prayers. Arabic \Im'adhdhin\j\b\i to call
#
\Hmuff\h
\Pnoun\p a cylindrical fur bag with open ends, used to keep the hands warm.
\Bmuff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to bungle or do something clumsily.
#
\Hmuffin\h
\Pnoun\p a flat, round, spongy yeast cake, eaten toasted and buttered.
#
\Hmuffle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to wrap or cover closely, as for warmth, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prevent or deaden sound by covering, wrapping, etc.: 'the robbers crept with \Imuffled\j\b\i footsteps'. \Bmuffle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hmuffler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thick scarf.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which muffles, such as a device fitted to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine to reduce noise.
#
\Hmufti\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1muff\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p any civilian clothes worn by someone who usually wears a uniform.
#
\Hmug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a simple drinking vessel with a handle, used without a saucer.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person who is easily fooled. b) the face.
\Bmug\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmugged\j\b\i, \Bmugging\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attack violently, usually in order to rob: 'the old man was \Imugged\j\b\i in the dark alley'.
\Bmug up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to study up. \Bmugger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who mugs.
#
\Hmuggy\h
\Padjective\p (of weather) humid and oppressive.
#
\Hmulatto\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1latt\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a person who has one white and one Negro parent.
#
\Hmulberry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a tree, the leaves of which are fed to silkworms. b) its purple or white berry similar to a blackberry.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark reddish-purple colour. \Bmulberry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hmulch\h
\Isay\j\b\i mulsh \Pnoun\p a mixture of leaves, straw, etc. spread on gardens to protect plants, etc. \Bmulch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spread or cover with a mulch.
#
\Hmulct\h
\Pverb\p to deprive a person of something, either as punishment or by trickery. Latin \Imultare\j\b\i to punish
#
\Hmule\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Compare \Jhinny\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stubborn person.
\CX13.\j\b\i a machine that spins cotton.
\Bmulish\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
as obstinate as a mule. \Bmuleteer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a driver of mules.
#
\Hmulga\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of acacia found on the edges of deserts.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'Sue and Jenny live out in the \Imulga\j\b\i' (= bush). Aboriginal
#
\Hmull (1)\h
\Pverb\p to ponder or reflect: 'I'll \Imull\j\b\i over what you said'.
#
\Hmull (2)\h
\Pverb\p to heat, spice and sweeten for drinking: 'we \Imulled\j\b\i wine'.
#
\Hmullah\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1m\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-a or \CX1mull\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p mulla an Islamic title of respect for a person who is learned in, teaches or interprets the sacred law. Arabic \Imawla\j\b\i patron, lord
#
\Hmullet\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, edible, oblong fish.
#
\Hmullion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mull\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p an upright strip, often of wood or stone, which divides windows or sections of panelling.
#
\Hmullock\h
\Pnoun\p any waste material or rubbish, especially from a mine.
#
\Hmulti-\h
a prefix meaning many, as in \Imultilingual\j\b\i.
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\Hmulticellular\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1sel\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p composed of many cells.
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\Hmulticoloured\h
\Padjective\p having many colours.
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\Hmulticultural\h
\Padjective\p comprising several ethnic groups or, especially, their cultures.
\Bmulticulturalism\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the practice of retaining the individual characteristics of the various cultures within a society.
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\Hmultifaceted\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1fass\j\b\ii-tid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having many aspects.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a precious stone) having many cut and polished sides.
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\Hmultifarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1fair\j\b\iius \Padjective\p having many different parts, forms, etc.
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\Hmultiform\h
\Padjective\p having many shapes.
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\Hmultifunctionpolis\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \B\Bmfp\j\b\i\j\b\i
a city specially designed to fulfil many functions such as trade, entertainment, dwelling, etc.
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\Hmultigrade\h
\Padjective\p (of motor oil) retaining the same thickness over a wide range of temperatures.
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\Hmultilateral\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having many sides.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an agreement or treaty) having three or more parties taking part.
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\Hmultilingual\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1ling\j\b\i-w'l \Padjective\p able to speak three or more languages fluently.
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\Hmultimedia\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the integration of such media elements as text, graphics, animation, video and sound. Compare \Jhypermedia\j\b\i.
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\Hmultimillionaire\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has at least two million dollars, pounds, etc.
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\Hmultinational\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1nash\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to more than two nations or nationalities.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a business concern) operating within several countries. \Bmultinational\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmultipartite\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i divided into many parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a treaty, etc.) multilateral.
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\Hmultiple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mul\j\b\iti-p'l \Padjective\p having many parts, elements, etc.: 'he has a \Imultiple\j\b\i fracture of the arm'.
\Bmultiple\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i any number formed by multiplying one number by any integer. \IExample\j\b\i: 4, 6 and 8 are multiples of 2.
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\Hmultiple sclerosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mul\j\b\iti-p'l skler-\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis a disease causing progressive deterioration of the nervous system.
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\Hmultiplex\h
\Padjective\p multiple.
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\Hmultiplicity\h
\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1pliss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a large number or variety.
\CX11.\j\b\i to increase in number, amount, etc.: 'his debts have \Imultiplied\j\b\i during the past year'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'rabbits are a pest because they \Imultiply\j\b\i so quickly' (= breed).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to repeat a number a given number of times in order to find the total. \IExample\j\b\i: 2 repeated 4 times (2{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i4 or 2{\shad \j\b\i+{\shad \j\b\i2{\shad \j\b\i+{\shad \j\b\i2{\shad \j\b\i+{\shad \j\b\i2) equals 8. \Bmultiplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmultiplier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that multiplies, b) (Maths) the number by which another is multiplied.
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\Hmultistorey\h
\Padjective\p (of a building) having many storeys.
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\Hmultitasking\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the ability of a computer to carry out several tasks at the same time.
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\Hmultitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mul\j\b\iti-tewd \Pnoun\p a great number, such as a crowd of people. \Bmultitudinous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i multi-\CX1tew\j\b\idi-nus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmum (1)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mother.
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\Hmum (2)\h
\Padjective\p silent: 'keep \Imum\j\b\i about what we did'.
\Bmum\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bmum's the word\j\b\i, say nothing about it!
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\Hmumble\h
\Pverb\p to mutter or speak indistinctly. \Bmumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmumblingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a dead body into a mummy by embalming.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become shrivelled or dried up. \Bmummification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmummy (1)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mother.
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\Hmummy (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a dead body preserved by embalming or other methods, especially in ancient Egypt. Arabic \Imum\j\b\i embalming wax
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\Hmumps\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) an infectious viral disease, usually in children and causing swelling of the face due to inflammation of the salivary glands.
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\Hmunch\h
\Pverb\p to chew steadily or vigorously, and often noisily.
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\Hmundane\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the world or earth.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she leads a very \Imundane\j\b\i life' (= ordinary, unexciting). Latin \Imundus\j\b\i world
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\Hmunicipal\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1niss\j\b\ii-p'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the local government of a town or city: '\Imunicipal\j\b\i elections'.
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\Hmunicipality\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-nissi-\CX1pall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p any district with its own local government, such as a town or city.
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1nish\j\b\i'nz plural \Pnoun\p any military stores, such as ammunition and weapons. \Bmunition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with munitions.
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\Hmural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\i-r'l \Pnoun\p a painting on a wall or ceiling. \Bmural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or situated on a wall. Latin \Imurus\j\b\i wall
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\Hmurder\h
\Pnoun\p the deliberate killing of a person. Compare \Jmanslaughter\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was \Imurder\j\b\i trying to park my car near the concert hall' (= extremely difficult or unpleasant).
\Bmurder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to kill deliberately.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the inexperienced orchestra \Imurdered\j\b\i my favourite symphony' (= ruined, spoilt). \Bmurderer\j\b\i, \Bmurderess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has murdered someone; \Bmurderous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) capable of or intending to commit murder, b) deadly.
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\Hmurex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\i-reks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bmurexes\j\b\i or \Bmurices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\iri-seez)
any of a group of marine snails which yield a purple dye.
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\Hmurky\h
\Padjective\p dark or gloomy. \Bmurk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, darkness; \Bmurkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmurmur\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a low, continuous sound: 'the leaves \Imurmured\j\b\i in the breeze'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak very softly: 'he \Imurmured\j\b\i gently in her ear'.
\Bmurmur\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of murmuring: 'a \Imurmur\j\b\i of disapproval'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a murmuring of the heart revealed by the stethoscope and indicating an abnormality. Greek \Imormyrein\j\b\i to roar (of water)
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\HMurray cod\h
a large, edible fish native to the Murrary River.
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\HMurray magpie\h
a currawong.
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\HMurri\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1m\Iu\j\b\ir\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p an Aborigine, especially of Queensland. Aboriginal
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\Hmuscatel\h
\Isay\j\b\i muska-\CX1tel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p short form is \Bmuscat\j\b\i
a) a musk-flavoured grape used as a fruit or to make wine. b) a sweet wine made from this grape.
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\Hmuscle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1muss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a tissue made up of bundles of small fibres that contract to produce body movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) strength or power: 'he gave some \Imuscle\j\b\i to the group'.
\Bmuscle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to force one's way by brute strength: 'she \Imuscled\j\b\i her way through the crowd'. Latin \Imusculus\j\b\i little mouse (from the shape of some muscles)
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\Hmuscle-bound\h
\Padjective\p having stiff or inelastic muscles because they are enlarged or overdeveloped.
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\Hmuscular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mus\j\b\i-kewla \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or affected by a muscle or muscles.
\Isay\j\b\i mewz \Pverb\p to meditate or think deeply. \Bmusingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HMuse (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i mewz \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i any of the nine goddesses of the arts, e.g. of tragedy, song, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) the creative power or inspiration of a poet.
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\Hmuseum\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1zee\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p a building for storing and exhibiting objects of artistic, scientific or historical interest. Greek \IMouseion\j\b\i the abode of the Muses
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\Hmuseum piece\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing considered to be out of date.
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\Hmush\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any thick, soft mass.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is sickly sentimental. \Bmushy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bmushiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmushroom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various umbrella-shaped fungi, especially any edible variety.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pinkish-brown colour.
\Bmushroom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to gather mushrooms.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have or take on the shape of a mushroom.
\CX13.\j\b\i to appear and grow up quickly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'new shops \Imushroomed\j\b\i all over the countryside' (= spread quickly).
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\Hmusic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a combination of sounds which express ideas or emotions by the use of rhythm, melody, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Imusic\j\b\i of children's laughter' (= pleasing sound).
\CX12.\j\b\i the printed score of a musical composition.
\Bface the music\j\b\i, to accept the unpleasant consequences of one's actions.
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\Hmusical\h
\Padjective\p of or producing music: 'a \Imusical\j\b\i instrument'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Imusical\j\b\i voice' (= full of harmony or melody).
b) 'she is very \Imusical\j\b\i' (= fond of or skilled in music).
\Bmusical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any form of light entertainment in which music is important, as a musical comedy. \Bmusically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmusic hall\h
a theatre for variety entertainment.
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\Hmusician\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a person skilled or trained in music, especially one who plays an instrument professionally. \Bmusicianship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, skilful musical performance.
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\Hmusicology\h
\Isay\j\b\i mewzi-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the theory and history of music. \Bmusicologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmusk\h
\Pnoun\p a) a stong-smelling, powdery substance used in perfume and obtained from an Asian deer. b) any similar smell or substance. \Bmusky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hmusket\h
\Pnoun\p an early type of firearm fired from the shoulder.
\Bpass muster\j\b\i, to measure up to a required standard. \Bmusterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who herds sheep, etc. Latin \Imonstrare\j\b\i to show
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\Hmusty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jmust (3)\j\b\i.
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\Hmutable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p liable to change. \Bmutability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mewta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmutagen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\i-ta-jen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an agent which causes changes in the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of body cells.
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\Hmutation\h
\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a change or alteration.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a sudden change in a gene, chromosome structure or chromosome number, which, if it occurs in a gamete, may result in an individual with different features that can be passed on to the next generation. \Bmutate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mew-\CX1tate\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to change; \Bmutant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, changing; \Bmutant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imutare\j\b\i to change
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\Hmute\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who is unable to speak or make sounds.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is silent, such as a letter which is not \Ppronoun\pced in a word.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i any device used to soften the sound of an instrument.
\Bmute\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
not able to speak or make sounds.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Imute\j\b\i appeal in her eyes' (= silent, not spoken). \Bmutely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmuteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bmute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to soften or reduce the sound of.
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\Hmutilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\iti-late \Pverb\p to injure, disfigure or maim severely. \Bmutilator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which mutilates; \Bmutilation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmutiny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\ita-nee \Pnoun\p an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers.
\Bmutiny\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bmutinied\j\b\i, \Bmutinying\j\b\i)
a) to refuse to obey a command. b) to take part in a mutiny. \Bmutinous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rebellious; \Bmutineer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmutt\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a dog. b) a fool.
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\Hmutter\h
\Pverb\p to speak indistinctly or in a low voice.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'tenants \Imuttered\j\b\i about the rent increase' (= grumbled, complained). \Bmutter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmutton\h
\Pnoun\p the meat of a fully grown sheep.
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\Hmutton-bird\h
\Pnoun\p any of various seabirds related to the petrel, considered a delicacy because of its distinctive fishy flavour.
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\Hmutton-chops\h
plural \Pnoun\p a wide, bushy form of sideboards, usually growing over the cheek.
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\Hmutton-head\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
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\Hmutual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\i-tew-ul \Padjective\p shared or exchanged between two or more people or parties: a) 'she and I have a \Imutual\j\b\i respect'; b) 'the two countries are \Imutual\j\b\i enemies'. \Bmutually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmutuality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mew-tew-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Imutuus\j\b\i interchangeable
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\Hmuzak\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mew\j\b\i-zak \Pnoun\p continuous taped music played in some restaurants, shops, banks, etc. a trademark
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\Hmuzzle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the open end of a gun from which the bullet is discharged.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the snout of an animal. b) an arrangement of straps, etc. put on an animal's mouth to prevent it from biting or eating.
\Bmuzzle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put a muzzle on an animal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the chairperson of the meeting tried to \Imuzzle\j\b\i the speaker' (= prevent from speaking freely).
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\Hmuzzy\h
\Padjective\p dazed or confused. \Bmuzzily\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bmuzziness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmy\h
\Ipossessive \Padjective\p\j\b\i plural is \Bour\j\b\i
belonging to me: 'it is \Imy\j\b\i book'.
\Bmy\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exclamation of surprise.
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\Hmyall\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-awl \Pnoun\p a variety of acacia.
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\Hmycobacteria\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-ko-bak\CX1teer\j\b\iia plural \Pnoun\p a group of bacteria causing chronic diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Greek \Imykes\j\b\i mushroom + \Bbacteria\j\b\i
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\Hmycology\h
\Isay\j\b\i my-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of fungi, a branch of botany. \Bmycologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmynah\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1my\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bmyna\j\b\i or \Bminah\j\b\i
a bird from Asia which mimics other birds, and is related to the starling. Hindi
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mirr\j\b\ii-ad \Pnoun\p a very great number. \Bmyriad\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, consisting of vast numbers. Greek \Imyrioi\j\b\i ten thousand
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\Hmyrrh\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i fur \Pnoun\p a fragrant resin obtained from a shrub and used for incense and perfume.
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\Hmyrtle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mer\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p any of a group of evergreen, European shrubs with berries and fragrant, white flowers.
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\Hmyrtle beech\h
also called \Bnothofagus\j\b\i
a tall, Australian tree with small leaves.
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\Hmyself\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \BI\j\b\i: 'I washed \Imyself\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \BI\j\b\i: 'I did it \Imyself\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i my normal or usual self: 'I am not \Imyself\j\b\i today'.
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\Hmysterious\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis-\CX1teer\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p puzzling, obscure or full of mystery: 'a \Imysterious\j\b\i murder'. \Bmysteriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hmystery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mist\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that is puzzling, unknown or unexplained: 'the disappearance of the money is a \Imystery\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'its origins are wrapped in \Imystery\j\b\i' (= obscurity).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) ancient religions to which chosen followers were admitted by secret rites. Greek \Imysterion\j\b\i a secret doctrine
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\Hmysticism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1mist\j\b\ii-sizm \Pnoun\p a belief in or practice of direct spiritual contact with divine things through contemplation or psychic experience.
to puzzle or bewilder: 'she was \Imystified\j\b\i by his strange behaviour'. \Bmystification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmystique\h
\Isay\j\b\i mis\CX1teek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mysterious or fascinating quality or power.
\CX12.\j\b\i the secrets of an art or craft, known only to its practitioners.
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\Hmyth\h
\Isay\j\b\i mith \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a traditional tale, usually about supernatural beings or events, sometimes used as an explanation of natural events.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a fictitious person or thing. b) a baseless popular belief. \Bmythical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to myths, b) imaginary or fictitious. Greek \Imythos\j\b\i a story
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\Hmythology\h
\Isay\j\b\i mith-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p any or all myths. \Bmythological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i mitha-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of myths or mythology, b) unreal; \Bmythologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hmyxomatosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i miksa-ma-\CX1toe\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p an infectious, viral disease in rabbits, artificially introduced to control their numbers. Greek \Imyxa\j\b\i mucus + -\Ioma\j\b\i a tumour + -osis
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\Hnab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bnabbed\j\b\i, \Bnabbing\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to catch or arrest.
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\Hnabob\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-bob \Pnoun\p any wealthy person, originally any Englishman who became rich in India. Arabic \Ina'ib\j\b\i deputy
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\Hnacho\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1na\j\b\i-cho \Pnoun\p a corn chip spread with a spicy filling. Mexican Spanish
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\Hnachos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nat\j\b\ishos \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a dish of corn chips topped with melted cheese and served with chilli sauce and various dips.
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\Hnacre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p mother-of-pearl. \Bnacreous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-kree-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to nacre, b) (of minerals) having a lustre like nacre.
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\Hnadir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-deer \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the lowest point on the celestial sphere, opposite the zenith.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Middle Ages represent the \Inadir\j\b\i of European civilisation' (= the lowest point). Arabic
#
\Hnaff\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) lacking in style or taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) inferior or worthless.
#
\Hnag (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bnagged\j\b\i, \Bnagging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to irritate by constant fault-finding, complaints or requests.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause discomfort or pain: 'financial worries \Inagged\j\b\i at her all day'. \Bnaggingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnagger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnag (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a horse, especially an old or worthless one.
#
\Hnail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal pin with a point and an enlarged head, usually hammered into place to join two or more objects together.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a tough horny growth strengthening the upper tip of the fingers and toes.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhit the nail on the head\j\b\i, to say or do the right thing.
\Bon the nail\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the manager refused to take a cheque and demanded cash \Ion the nail\j\b\i' (= on the spot).
\Bnail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fasten something with nails.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'curiosity \Inailed\j\b\i her to the spot' (= fixed firmly).
b) 'the inspector was determined to \Inail\j\b\i the cat-burglar' (= catch, arrest).
#
\Hnail punch\h
a short steel rod held against the head of a nail to hammer it level with or below a surface.
#
\Hnaive\h
\Isay\j\b\i nie-\CX1eev\j\b\i \Padjective\p naòve unaffectedly or unsophisticatedly simple and artless. \Bnaively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnaivety\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nie-\CX1ee\j\b\iva-tee), \BnaivetΘ\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nie-\CX1ee\j\b\iva-tay), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being naive. French
#
\Hnaked\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-kid \Padjective\p having no clothing or covering: a) '\Inaked\j\b\i hills stripped of vegetation'; b) 'the \Inaked\j\b\i wound gaped open'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'snowfields lay before us as far as the \Inaked\j\b\i eye could see' (= unassisted by optical instruments).
b) 'few people want to hear the \Inaked\j\b\i truth about themselves' (= plain, blunt). \Bnakedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnakedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnamby-pamby\h
\Padjective\p sentimental or insipid.
#
\Hname\h
\Pnoun\p the word by which a person or thing is known.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they called the guide all the \Inames\j\b\i they could think of' (= insulting terms).
b) 'she has a good \Iname\j\b\i in business circles' (= reputation).
c) 'his show was full of big \Inames\j\b\i' (= famous people).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the name of\j\b\i, 'open \Iin the name of\j\b\i the law' (= by the authority of).
\Bto one's name\j\b\i, 'not a penny \Ito my name\j\b\i' (= belonging to me).
\Bname\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give a name to: 'I \Iname\j\b\i this child Juliana'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'can you \Iname\j\b\i all the states in America' (= state the correct name of).
b) 'shall we \Iname\j\b\i the day of our wedding?' (= state, specify).
#
\Hname-dropper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who talks about well-known people as if they were personal friends, in order to impress others.
#
\Hnameless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not having a name: 'a \Inameless\j\b\i grave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not named or specified: 'a certain person, who shall remain \Inameless\j\b\i'. \Bnamelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnamelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnamely\h
\Padverb\p that is to say: 'Australia's two largest cities, \Inamely\j\b\i, Sydney and Melbourne'
#
\Hnamesake\h
\Pnoun\p a person having the same name as another.
#
\Hnanny\h
\Pnoun\p a nurse for children.
#
\Hnanny-goat\h
\Pnoun\p a female goat. Compare \Jbilly-goat\j\b\i.
#
\Hnano-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one thousand millionth (10{\up6 -9\j\b\i). Latin \Inanus\j\b\i a dwarf
#
\Hnap (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bnapped\j\b\i, \Bnapping\j\b\i)
a) to have a short sleep. b) to be off one's guard: 'that remark caught me \Inapping\j\b\i'. \Bnap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a short sleep.
#
\Hnap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a surface on a fabric, made by raising all the short fibres in it and then cutting and smoothing them. \Bnap\j\b\i (\Bnapped\j\b\i, \Bnapping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to raise a nap on.
#
\Hnapalm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-pahm \Pnoun\p a jelly-like incendiary substance mixed with petrol, used in bombs, flame-throwers, etc.
#
\Hnape\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the back of the neck.
#
\Hnapery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\ipa-ree \Pnoun\p any household linen, especially table linen.
#
\Hnaphtha\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naf\j\b\i-tha \Pnoun\p a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from coal tar, wood, petroleum, etc.
#
\Hnaphthalene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naf\j\b\itha-leen \Pnoun\p a white, crystalline, solid hydrocarbon obtained from coal tar, having a penetrating odour, and used in making organic dyes and mothballs.
#
\HNapierian logarithm\h
See \Jnatural logarithm\j\b\i.
#
\Hnapkin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a serviette. Short form of \Btable napkin\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a nappy.
#
\Hnappy\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bnapkin\j\b\i
a piece of towel or an absorbent paper pad, worn by a baby underneath or instead of pants.
#
\Hnarcissism\h
\Isay\j\b\i nar-\CX1sis\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p an extreme self-love. \Bnarcissist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnarcissistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i narsi-\CX1sis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. from \INarcissus\j\b\i, a beautiful youth in Greek mythology who fell in love with his own reflection
#
\Hnarcissus\h
\Isay\j\b\i nar-\CX1siss\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bnarcissi\j\b\i or \Bnarcissuses\j\b\i
any of a group of flowers including jonquils and daffodils.
#
\Hnarcosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i nar-\CX1ko\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p the state of being sleepy or drowsy due to some external cause, such as gases, drugs, etc. Greek \Inarkosis\j\b\i a benumbing
#
\Hnarcotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i nar-\CX1kott\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a substance which is often habit-forming and dulls the senses, relieves pain or induces sleep. In large amounts it produces complete insensibility. \Bnarcotic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, producing narcosis.
#
\Hnark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who spies, especially for the police.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a spoilsport.
\Bnark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to nag or irritate. \Bnarky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, irritated.
#
\Hnarrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i na-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to tell the story of an event, experience, etc. b) to provide spoken commentary for a film or television show.
\CX11.\j\b\i a recounting of events, experiences, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the subject matter of a narrative. \Bnarrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnarration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a narrative, b) the act or process of narrating.
#
\Hnarrow\h
\Padjective\p not broad or wide: 'a \Inarrow\j\b\i corridor'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has a very \Inarrow\j\b\i mind' (= limited in views or sympathies).
b) 'a \Inarrow\j\b\i escape' (= close).
\Bnarrow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become narrower: 'the path \Inarrows\j\b\i near the hedge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they \Inarrowed\j\b\i down the list of suspects to two or three' (= limited or restricted). \Bnarrowly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnarrowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnarrow-minded\h
\Padjective\p prejudiced or intolerant. \Bnarrow-mindedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnarrow-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnarwhal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nar\j\b\iwul \Pnoun\p an aquatic mammal found in the arctic, the male having a long tusk extending from the upper jaw.
#
\Hnasal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-z'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the nose.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i of or relating to the making of sounds through the nose, in letters such as \Bm\j\b\i, \Bn\j\b\i or \Bng\j\b\i. \Bnasally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnasal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a nasal speech sound. Latin \Inasus\j\b\i nose
#
\Hnascent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nass\j\b\ient \Padjective\p beginning to exist, grow or develop: 'a \Inascent\j\b\i idea'. Latin \Inascens\j\b\i being born
#
\Hnashi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nash\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a type of pear which is the size and shape of an apple.
#
\Hnasturtium\h
\Isay\j\b\i na-\CX1ster\j\b\i-sh'm \Pnoun\p any of a group of garden plants with showy, yellow, red or orange flowers and large, edible leaves.
#
\Hnasty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nah\j\b\i-stee \Padjective\p disagreeable or unpleasant: a) 'there is a \Inasty\j\b\i odour in the bathroom'; b) 'you really can be \Inasty\j\b\i when you want to'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she came home from school with a \Inasty\j\b\i cut on her leg' (= rather severe). \Bnastily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnastiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnatal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p of or relating to a person's birth. Latin \Inatus\j\b\i born
#
\Hnation\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a large group of people united by factors such as history, government, race, language or geography. \Bnational\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nash\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnational\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a citizen of a particular nation; \Bnationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnationhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Inatio\j\b\i birth, a race
#
\Hnational anthem\h
See \Janthem\j\b\i.
#
\Hnationalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nash\j\b\ina-lize \Pverb\p nationalize to make privately owned land, industries, etc. the property of the nation. \Bnationalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnationalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nash\j\b\i-na-lizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sense of national unity.
\CX12.\j\b\i a political movement to assert the right of one's country to full independence. Compare \Jinternationalism\j\b\i. \Bnationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnationalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hnationality\h
\Isay\j\b\i nasha-\CX1nall\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of belonging to or being born in a particular country.
\CX12.\j\b\i the status of belonging to a nation by birth or naturalisation.
\CX13.\j\b\i a nation or people: 'the various \Inationalities\j\b\i of Africa'.
#
\Hnationally\h
\Padverb\p See \Jnation\j\b\i.
#
\Hnational park\h
an area of land set aside by the government to preserve the natural features, wildlife, etc. of the area for public enjoyment.
#
\Hnational service\h
any compulsory military training or service for young people of a certain age.
#
\Hnative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to the place where one was born: a) 'this is my \Inative\j\b\i country'; b) 'he is a \Inative\j\b\i Australian'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) belonging to a race regarded as the original inhabitants of a country, especially if a non-white race: 'the \Inative\j\b\i tribes of Africa'. b) relating to the members of such races: '\Inative\j\b\i customs'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the plants \Inative\j\b\i to these parts' (= occurring naturally).
b) 'Greek is my \Inative\j\b\i tongue' (= belonging by birth).
c) 'her \Inative\j\b\i intelligence has never really been tapped' (= natural, inborn).
\Bnative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) one of the original inhabitants of a country, especially if non-white: 'the \Inatives\j\b\i are fighting for independence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is born in a particular place: 'I am a \Inative\j\b\i of Ireland'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this plant is a \Inative\j\b\i' (= one occurring naturally in this region or country).
#
\HNative American\h
any of the original inhabitants of North America.
#
\Hnative bear\h
a koala.
#
\Hnative cat\h
any of a group of flesh-eating Australian marsupials about the size of a domestic cat and having a pointed snout and brown fur with white spots.
#
\Hnative companion\h
See \Jbrolga\j\b\i.
#
\Hnativity\h
\Isay\j\b\i na-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) the birth of Christ. b) the festival commemorating this.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for birth.
#
\Hnatter\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to chatter or gossip. \Bnatter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a chat.
#
\Hnatty\h
\Padjective\p neat or trim. \Bnattily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnatural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1natcha\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing in or produced by nature: a) 'a \Inatural\j\b\i ability'; b) 'she died of \Inatural\j\b\i causes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i concerned with nature: '\Inatural\j\b\i history'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in accordance with circumstances, etc.: 'an accident was the \Inatural\j\b\i result of such carelessness'.
\CX14.\j\b\i based on instinct: 'anger is a \Inatural\j\b\i response to provocation'.
\CX15.\j\b\i illegitimate: 'a \Inatural\j\b\i child'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was a \Inatural\j\b\i piece of acting' (= lifelike, unaffected).
\CX16.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) (of a note) neither sharp nor flat. b) (of a horn, etc.) not having valves or keys and so producing the notes dictated by the length of the tube.
\Bnatural\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that is naturally suited or qualified: 'she's a \Inatural\j\b\i for the part'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an idiot.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a note that is not affected by either a sharp or a flat. b) a symbol placed before a note cancelling the effect of a previous sharp or flat. c) (on a keyboard instrument) a white key.
\Bnaturally\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in a natural manner: 'even though you will be nervous, try and act \Inaturally\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of course: '\Inaturally\j\b\i, I would have nothing to do with such an offer'.
\CX13.\j\b\i by nature: 'she is \Inaturally\j\b\i open and alive'. \Bnaturalness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnatural gas\h
a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, usually containing methane, found under the earth or seabed near oil deposits and used as fuel and in making organic compounds.
#
\Hnatural history\h
the study of animal or plant life.
#
\Hnaturalised\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1natch\j\b\iera-lized \Padjective\p naturalized having become, by law, a citizen of another country, with all the rights of a person of that nationality. \Bnaturalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnaturalise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnaturalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1natch\j\b\iera-lizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IArt, Literature:\j\b\i a form of realism.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that all things occur naturally and are unrelated to external or divine forces.
#
\Hnaturalist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who studies natural history, especially in the field, e.g. a zoologist or a botanist.
#
\Hnaturalistic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or in accordance with nature.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to natural history or naturalists.
#
\Hnatural law\h
\IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that there are rules and ways of behaving which humankind knows instinctively to be right and fair.
#
\Hnatural logarithm\h
also called a \BNapierian logarithm\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i a system of logarithms using the base \Ie\j\b\i (2.71828...).
#
\Hnaturally\h
\Padverb\p See \Jnatural\j\b\i.
#
\Hnatural number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i any positive integer.
#
\Hnatural philosophy\h
an old term for the physical sciences, especially physics.
#
\Hnatural science\h
the study of natural or physical objects, e.g. chemistry, as distinct from abstract things such as thought.
#
\Hnatural selection\h
also called \Bsurvival of the fittest\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i Darwin's theory that only those plants and animals which are best adapted to their environment survive to breed, and so, through inheritance, their characteristics become established in future generations. This process is the main agent of evolutionary change. See \Jdarwinism\j\b\i.
#
\Hnature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the essential character of something: a) 'the \Inature\j\b\i of a chemical compound'; b) 'she has a forgiving \Inature\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the material world and all things contained in it except those made by human beings. b) all the forces at work throughout the material world: 'scientists may study the laws of \Inature\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I didn't intend anything of that \Inature\j\b\i by my remarks' (= sort).
\Bin the nature of\j\b\i, 'a bonus is something \Iin the nature of\j\b\i a reward' (= like).
#
\Hnature strip\h
\IAustralian:\j\b\i an area of grass between the footpath and a road.
#
\Hnaturopathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i natyer-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p a method of treating disease which uses herbal remedies, vitamins, etc. to assist the body's own natural healing forces. \Bnaturopath\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naty\j\b\ier-a-path), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnaturopathic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hnaught\h
\Isay\j\b\i nawt \Pnoun\p an old word meaning nothing. Compare \Jnought\j\b\i.
\Bset at naught\j\b\i, to consider as being of no importance.
#
\Hnaughty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i disobedient or full of mischief: 'they were \Inaughty\j\b\i children'.
\CX12.\j\b\i improper: 'a \Inaughty\j\b\i word'. \Bnaughtiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnaughtily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnausea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\isia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of sickness in the stomach, often followed by vomiting.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling of extreme disgust or loathing. \Bnauseate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause nausea in; \Bnauseous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\isi-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing or feeling nausea.
#
\Hnautical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\iti-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to sailors, ships or navigation. \Bnautically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnautilus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\iti-lus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bnautili\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naw\j\b\iti-lie) or \Bnautiluses\j\b\i
any of a group of aquatic molluscs related to the cuttlefish, having a spiral, chambered shell with pearly walls.
#
\Hnaval\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-v'l \Padjective\p a) of or relating to a navy: '\Inaval\j\b\i affairs'. b) having a navy: 'the great \Inaval\j\b\i powers'. Latin \Inavalis\j\b\i relating to a ship
#
\Hnave (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the main body of a church between the aisles, stretching from the entrance to the chancel.
#
\Hnave (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the hub or central part of a wheel.
#
\Hnavel\h
\Pnoun\p also called the \Bumbilicus\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the small pit in the centre of the abdomen left by the breaking of the umbilical cord at birth.
#
\Hnavigate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1navv\j\b\ii-gate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to guide the direction and speed of a ship, aeroplane, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sail through or over: 'the canal cannot be \Inavigated\j\b\i by large ships'. \Bnavigation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or art of navigating; \Bnavigational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnavigable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1navv\j\b\iiga-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, (of waters, vessels, etc.) capable of being navigated; \Bnavigability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i navviga-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnavigator\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who practises, or is skilled in, navigation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sea explorer.
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\Hnavvy\h
\Pnoun\p a labourer who makes roads, railways, etc.
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\Hnavy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-vee \Pnoun\p the part of the armed forces of a country that is organised for fighting at sea. Latin \Inavis\j\b\i a ship
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\Hnavy blue\h
short form is \Bnavy\j\b\i
a dark, blackish-blue colour.
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\Hnawab\h
\Isay\j\b\i na-\CX1wob\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a deputy governor in India.
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\Hnay\h
\Padverb\p an old word for no.
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\HNazi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naht\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a member of the National Socialist Party in Germany which, led by Adolf Hitler, held political control of the country from 1933-45.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who supports the fascist beliefs held by this party, especially racism and nationalism. \BNazism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1naht\j\b\i-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HNeanderthal man\h
\Isay\j\b\i nee-\CX1and\j\b\ia-tahl man an extinct species of human beings. the remains were first found at \INeanderthal\j\b\i, a valley in Germany
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\Hneap tide\h
short form is \Bneap\j\b\i
the tide occurring shortly after the first and third quarters of the moon, when the rise and fall are minimal.
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\Hnear\h
\Padverb\p, preposition, \Padjective\p at, within or to a short distance: a) 'they live quite \Inear\j\b\i'; b) 'stand \Inear\j\b\i me'; c) 'a \Inear\j\b\i escape from death'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is a very \Inear\j\b\i and dear friend' (= intimate).
b) 'it's odd discovering a \Inear\j\b\i relative you never knew you had' (= closely related).
\Bnear\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to come within a short distance: 'she leapt ashore as the boat \Ineared\j\b\i the jetty'.
\Bnearly\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i all but: 'he \Inearly\j\b\i perished from hunger'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not distantly, as in space, time, condition, etc.: 'his story approximated very \Inearly\j\b\i to the facts'.
\Bnot nearly\j\b\i, 'that's \Inot nearly\j\b\i enough money to live on for a week' (= far from). \Bnearness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnearby\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p not far away.
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\HNear East\h
\CX11.\j\b\i an old term for the Turkish Empire, that is Turkey, the Balkans, Egypt, Palestine, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a European term for the Middle East.
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\Hnearside\h
\Padjective\p a) of or relating to the left-hand side of a vehicle where traffic drives on the left. b) the left side of a horse. Compare \Joffside\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ness\j\b\iis-ree \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ness\j\b\ia-serri \Padjective\p indispensable or unavoidable: 'food is \Inecessary\j\b\i for life'.
\Bnecessary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a necessary thing: 'food and clothing are \Inecessaries\j\b\i of existence'. \Bnecessarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnecessitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i nis-\CX1ess\j\b\ia-tate \Pverb\p to make something necessary: 'his sudden collapse \Inecessitated\j\b\i calling an ambulance'. \Bnecessitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnecessitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i nis-\CX1ess\j\b\ii-tus \Padjective\p poor or needing assistance: 'the family was in \Inecessitous\j\b\i circumstances'.
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\Hnecessity\h
\Isay\j\b\i nis-\CX1ess\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that is necessary: 'food is a \Inecessity\j\b\i for life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the fact of being necessary: 'we all agree on the \Inecessity\j\b\i of eating well-balanced meals'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any circumstances that compel a person to do something: '\Inecessity\j\b\i forced her to steal'. Latin \Inecesse\j\b\i needful
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\Hneck\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the part of the body that connects the head to the shoulders.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering or extending around the neck.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a neck: a) 'the \Ineck\j\b\i of a bottle'; b) 'the \Ineck\j\b\i of a violin'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bneck and neck\j\b\i, running even in a race, competition, struggle, etc.
\Bneck of the woods\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a particular area or region.
\Bstick one's neck out\j\b\i, to act, express an opinion, etc. in such a way as to expose oneself to danger, criticism or hostility
\Bneck\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hug and kiss amorously.
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\Hnecklace\h
\Pnoun\p an ornament for the neck, often a string of beads, pearls or gems.
\Bnecklace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to put a tyre that has been soaked in petrol around a person's neck and set it on fire.
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\Hnecro-\h
a prefix meaning dead, as in \Inecromancy\j\b\i.
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\Hnecromancy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nek\j\b\iro-man-see \Pnoun\p in ancient times a method of divination by summoning up the dead to ask them about the future. \Bnecromancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnecromantic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nekro-\CX1man\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnecropolis\h
\Isay\j\b\i nek-\CX1kropp\j\b\ia-lis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bnecropolises\j\b\i
a large cemetery. Greek \Inekros\j\b\i corpse + \Ipolis\j\b\i city
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\Hnecrosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i nek-\CX1kro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the death of a tissue. \Bnecrotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nek-\CX1krott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Inekrosis\j\b\i a killing
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\Hnectar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the sugary substance that attracts insects and is produced by many flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAncient mythology:\j\b\i the drink of the gods.
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\Hnectarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nek\j\b\ita-rin \Ior\j\b\i nekta-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a fruit with a smooth green and red skin, resembling a peach but with a firmer texture.
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\Hnee\h
\Isay\j\b\i nay \Padjective\p nΘe born, used to indicate a married woman's maiden name: 'Ms Cawley, \Inee\j\b\i Goolagong'. French
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\Hneed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a want or necessity: a) 'she acted promptly to meet the \Ineeds\j\b\i of the situation'; b) 'there's no \Ineed\j\b\i to worry'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a situation or time of difficulty: 'we would all try and help a friend in \Ineed\j\b\i'.
\Bneed\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to have or be in need of: a) 'we all \Ineed\j\b\i love'; b) 'does he \Ineed\j\b\i any help?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be obliged: 'you \Ineed\j\b\i not go home yet'. \Bneedy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very poor; \Bneediness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a state of need or poverty; \Bneedless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unnecessary; \Bneedlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hneedle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, slender steel object used for sewing, pointed at one end and with a hole at the other for carrying thread.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a hypodermic needle.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape of a needle: 'a pine \Ineedle\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i See \Jstylus\j\b\i.
\Bneedle in a haystack\j\b\i, 'it was like looking for a \Ineedle in a haystack\j\b\i' (= something unlikely to be found). \Bneedle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to tease or annoy, b) to goad.
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\Hneedle point\h
an embroidery stitch in which small stitches cover the whole canvas to resemble tapestry.
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\Hneedlework\h
\Pnoun\p any sewing or embroidery. \Bneedlewoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a woman skilled in needlework.
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\Hneeds\h
\Padverb\p \Bmust needs\j\b\i, of necessity.
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\Hneedy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jneed\j\b\i.
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\Hne'er\h
\Isay\j\b\i nair \Padverb\p a poetic word for never.
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\Hne'er-do-well\h
\Pnoun\p a worthless person.
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\Hnefarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i nef-\CX1fair\j\b\iius \Padjective\p very wicked. \Bnefariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnefariousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Inefarius\j\b\i impious
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\Hnegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i neg-\CX1gate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make ineffective or futile: 'her efforts to improve their lot were \Inegated\j\b\i by their distrust'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to contradict or prove untrue: 'later evidence \Inegated\j\b\i my theory'.
the quality of denying or being negative in ideas or behaviour. \Bnegatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnegativeness\j\b\i, \Bnegativity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i negga-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bnegativist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Inegare\j\b\i to deny
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\Hneglect\h
\Isay\j\b\i ne-\CX1glekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to ignore, disregard or leave uncared for: 'she \Ineglected\j\b\i her duties'. \Bneglect\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bneglectful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bneglectfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bneglectfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ineglectus\j\b\i unheeded
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\Hnegligee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1neg\j\b\ili-\Izh\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a thin nightie. French
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\Hnegligent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1neg\j\b\ili-j'nt \Padjective\p taking too little care: 'the accident happened because he was \Inegligent\j\b\i'.
\Bnegligence\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the failure to take proper care. b) an instance of this. \Bnegligently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnegligible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1neg\j\b\ilija-b'l \Padjective\p unimportant or very little: 'a \Inegligible\j\b\i sum of money'. \Bnegligibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnegotiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i neg\CX1go\j\b\i-shee-ate \Pverb\p to bargain or confer with others to reach mutual agreement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the hurdler successfully \Inegotiated\j\b\i all the jumps' (= cleared).
\CX11.\j\b\i able to be negotiated: 'the salary for the job is \Inegotiable\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i (of a cheque) able to be transferred from one person to another. \Bnegotiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, mutual discussion and bargaining; \Bnegotiability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HNegro\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nee\j\b\i-gro \Pnoun\p plural is \BNegroes\j\b\i
one of a race of brown-skinned people, originally from Africa. \BNegroid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or relating to a Negro or the Negro race; \BNegress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of Negro. \Bnegro\j\b\i is a term often considered offensive nowadays. This is more true if you call an individual a Negro than if you refer to the Negro races. The preferred term is Black.
#
\Hneigh\h
\Isay\j\b\i nay \Pnoun\p the cry of a horse. \Bneigh\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hneighbour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nay\j\b\i-ba \Pnoun\p neighbor a) a person who lives next door or close to another. b) any person or thing that is near another: 'France and Spain are \Ineighbours\j\b\i'.
\Bneighbourly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
friendly and helpful: '\Ineighbourly\j\b\i advice'.
\Bneighbourhood\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a district or locality: 'this is a wealthy \Ineighbourhood\j\b\i'. b) the people living in a particular district: 'do you want the whole \Ineighbourhood\j\b\i to hear?'. \Bneighbour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to live or be situated near.
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\Hneighbourhood watch\h
an organisation of home owners and other residents who cooperate in various ways to detect and prevent crime in their area.
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\Hneither\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nee\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\ia \Ior\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\ia \Padjective\p, \Ppronoun\p, \Padverb\p not one or the other of two things: '\Ineither\j\b\i twin is well-behaved'. \Bneither, nor\j\b\i. \INeither\j\b\i can be used with \Inor\j\b\i as a correlative conjunction: 'I like \Ineither\j\b\i the fish \Inor\j\b\i the chicken', '\Ineither\j\b\i John \Inor\j\b\i Karen went to the picnic'.
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\Hnelson\h
\Pnoun\p \IWrestling:\j\b\i a hold in which one arm (\Bhalf-nelson\j\b\i) or both arms (\Bfull nelson\j\b\i) are placed under the opponent's armpit from behind, and then up onto the back of the neck.
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\Hnematode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nee\j\b\ima-tode \Pnoun\p a roundworm.
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\Hnemesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nemm\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i retribution by fate for wrongdoing, hubris, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the goddess who allotted good and bad fortune and saw to it that great good fortune was offset by subsequent disaster. Greek \Inemein\j\b\i to give what is due
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\Hneo-\h
a prefix meaning new, as in \Ineologism\j\b\i. Greek \Ineos\j\b\i new
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\Hneodymium\h
\Isay\j\b\i nee-o-\CX1dimm\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 60, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\HNeolithic\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jstone age\j\b\i.
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\Hneologism\h
\Isay\j\b\i nee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jizm \Pnoun\p a) a new word or phrase. b) the introduction of new words or phrases. \Bneologise\j\b\i, \Bneologize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bneologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hneon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nee\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p element number 10, a colourless, odourless, inert gas found in tiny amounts in the earth's atmosphere and used in some electric lights.
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\Hneophyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nee\j\b\i-o-fite \Pnoun\p a person who has newly entered a religious faith or order. \Bneo-\j\b\i + Greek \Iphytos\j\b\i planted
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\Hneoplasm\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtumour\j\b\i.
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\Hneoprene\h
\Pnoun\p a synthetic rubber which is stronger and has a greater resistance to heat and ozone than natural rubbers.
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\Hnephew\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nef\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a son of one's brother or sister.
\CX12.\j\b\i a son of one's husband's or wife's brother or sister. Latin \Inepos\j\b\i descendant
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\Hnephritis\h
\Isay\j\b\i nef-\CX1rye\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a group of diseases causing the kidneys to function inefficiently. \Bnephritic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nef-\CX1ritt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnepotism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nepp\j\b\ia-tizm \Pnoun\p undue favour shown to relatives, e.g. by giving them jobs, etc. \Bnepotist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HNeptune\h
\Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system eighth from the sun. after \INeptune\j\b\i, the Roman god of the sea
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\Hneptunium\h
\Isay\j\b\i nep-\CX1tew\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p element number 93, an artifically created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hnerd\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unfashionable, foolish or uninteresting person.
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\Hnerve\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cord-like bundle of nerve cells.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she suffers from \Inerves\j\b\i' (= nervousness).
\CX12.\j\b\i courage or self-possession: 'it took \Inerve\j\b\i to climb that cliff'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) impudence or impertinence: 'what a \Inerve\j\b\i to insult me like that!'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget on one's nerves\j\b\i, to irritate.
\Blose one's nerve\j\b\i, to lose self-confidence. \Bnerve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give strength or courage to; \Bnerveless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without nerves, especially being weak or afraid; \Bnervy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnerve cell\h
also called a \Bneurone\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a type of cell that sends messages from one part of the body to another.
#
\Hnerve centre\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a place where a number of nerves join together, such as a plexus, a ganglion, the brain or the spinal cord.
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\Hnerve impulse\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a message which travels along a nerve cell and results in a stimulus to a muscle, gland, etc.
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\Hnerve-racking\h
\Padjective\p extremely trying.
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\Hnervous\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) uneasy or afraid of something: 'I feel \Inervous\j\b\i in the dark'. b) highly excitable: 'that \Inervous\j\b\i horse is likely to bolt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i of or relating to the nerves and disorders of the nerves or personality. A \Bnervous breakdown\j\b\i is any of various psychiatric disorders resulting in loss of emotional control. \Bnervously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnervousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnervous system\h
the \Bcentral nervous system\j\b\i (the brain and spinal cord) is the body's switchboard for incoming messages and outgoing commands.
the \Bperipheral nervous system\j\b\i is the network of nerves all over the body.
the \Bautonomic nervous system\j\b\i controls the unconscious activities of the heart, intestines, glands, etc.
a suffix used to form \Pnoun\ps from \Padjective\ps and indicating quality or state, as in \Idarkness\j\b\i.
#
\Hnest\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a structure made by birds for hatching and rearing their young. b) the breeding place of an animal or insect.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the police searched for the robbers' \Inest\j\b\i' (= hideaway, resting place).
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of articles designed to fit within each other when not in use, such as tables, trays, etc.
\Bnest egg\j\b\i, a sum of money saved for emergencies, etc. \Bnest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnestle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ness\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p a) to settle down comfortably: 'she \Inestled\j\b\i down in the armchair'. b) to cuddle: 'I \Inestled\j\b\i the baby in my arms'.
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\Hnestling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nest\j\b\i-ling \Pnoun\p a bird too young to leave the nest.
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\Hnet (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an open-mesh fabric of thread, wire, etc.: 'a fishing \Inet\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a) a network barrier stretched across the width of a court over which a ball, or shuttlecock must be hit or a quoit thrown. b) a net-covered area into which a ball must be hit or kicked.
\Bnet\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bnetted\j\b\i, \Bnetting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to catch in or cover with a net.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i to hit the ball into the net. \Bnetting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, net fabric.
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\Hnet (2)\h
\Padjective\p also spelt \Bnett\j\b\i
remaining after deductions: 'what is your \Inet\j\b\i income?'. Compare \Jgross\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what was the \Inet\j\b\i result of the argument?' (= final).
\Bnet weight\j\b\i, the weight of the contents only. \Bnet\j\b\i (\Bnetted\j\b\i, \Bnetting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to gain or clear, e.g. a profit.
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\Hnetball\h
\Pnoun\p a game closely resembling basketball but differing in rules, size of court, etc.
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\Hnether\h
\Padjective\p lower or under.
#
\Hnet surfing\h
See \Jsurfing\j\b\i.
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\Hnettle\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, wild plants with stinging hairs.
\Bnettle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to irritate or provoke.
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\Hnet ton\h
See \Jton (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hnetwork\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any net-like or interconnected system of lines, passages, filaments, information sources, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a group of radio or television stations linked for simultaneous broadcast. b) a group of linked companies.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a group of computers usually connected by cables and sharing the same operating system and peripherals such as a printer.
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\Hnetworking\h
\Pnoun\p the use of associates such as old school friends to assist with one's career ambitions.
#
\Hneural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p of or relating to nerve cells, especially their activities or functions. Greek \Ineuron\j\b\i a nerve
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\Hneuralgia\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1ral\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p a pain along a nerve. \Bneuralgic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hneurasthenia\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-ras-\CX1thee\j\b\inia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an anxiety neurosis in which extreme fatigue is the chief symptom.
\CX12.\j\b\i a nervous breakdown. Greek \Ineuron\j\b\i a nerve + \Iasthenia\j\b\i weakness
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\Hneuritis\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1rye\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an inflammation of a nerve.
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\Hneurology\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the nervous systems and their diseases. \Bneurologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bneurological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i new-ra-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hneurone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-rone \Pnoun\p See \Jnerve cell\j\b\i.
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\Hneurosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bneuroses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1ro\j\b\i-seez)
\IPsychology:\j\b\i any of various emotional disorders marked by extreme anxiety, obsessions or hysteria.
#
\Hneurosurgery\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-ro-\CX1serj\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p the branch of medicine concerned with surgery of the nerves. \Bneurosurgeon\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bneurosurgical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hneurotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1rott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p suffering from a neurosis.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ineurotic\j\b\i old man kept 17 cats in his room' (= obsessive, eccentric). \Bneurotic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a neurotic person; \Bneurotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hneurotoxic\h
\Padjective\p (of substances) poisonous to the nervous system. \Bneurotoxin\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hneuter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ita \Padjective\p a) having no sexual organs. b) having underdeveloped sexual organs.
\Bneuter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a castrated animal. b) a neuter plant or animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jgender\j\b\i. Latin, neither
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\Hneutral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-tr'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not taking part in an argument, dispute, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i of no definite colour, kind, characteristics, etc.: 'the carpet is a \Ineutral\j\b\i colour so that it won't clash with the curtains'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i having no electric charge.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i neither acidic nor alkaline, but containing equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions and having a pH of 7.
\Bneutral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a neutral person, country or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a motor vehicle) the position of disengaged gears.
the state of being neutral: 'her \Ineutrality\j\b\i enables her to see both sides of the case clearly'. \Bneutralise\j\b\i, \Bneutralize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make neutral, b) to make ineffective; \Bneutralisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bneutrally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bneutralism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the policy of remaining neutral; \Bneutralist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hneutrino\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1tree\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i an elementary particle with no charge and very small mass, observed as a product of certain nuclear reactions.
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\Hneutron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-tron \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i an elementary particle with the same mass as a proton, but no charge. Any variation in the number of neutrons in an atom gives rise to isotopes.
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\Hneutron bomb\h
a nuclear weapon that kills but does little property damage and leaves little residual radioactivity.
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\HnΘvΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nevv\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p the mixture of compressed snow and ice which forms the beginning of a glacier.
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\Hnever\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i not ever or at no time: 'I've \Inever\j\b\i seen him before'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not at all: '\Inever\j\b\i fear'.
#
\Hnevermore\h
\Padverb\p never again.
#
\Hnever-never\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any remote area, such as central Australia.
\Bon the never-never\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) on hire-purchase.
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\Hnevertheless\h
\Padverb\p all the same; in spite of that.
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\Hnew\h
\Padjective\p of recent origin, make or existence: 'a \Inew\j\b\i style of dress has been created'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Inew\j\b\i planet has been discovered' (= previously unknown).
b) 'this shirt is dirty, I must change into a \Inew\j\b\i one' (= another).
\Bnew to\j\b\i, 'he makes mistakes because he is \Inew to\j\b\i the work' (= unfamiliar with).
\Bnew\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
lately or recently: '\Inew-found\j\b\i vigour'.
\Bnewly\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i recently or lately: 'the \Inewly\j\b\i appointed mayor is an old fogey'.
\CX12.\j\b\i afresh: 'the garage had been \Inewly\j\b\i painted'. \Bnewness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnew chum\h
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i an inexperienced person, originally a newly arrived settler.
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\Hnewcomer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has recently arrived in a place.
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\Hnewel\h
\Pnoun\p a pillar at the top or bottom of a staircase, supporting the handrail.
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\Hnewfangled\h
\Padjective\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) needlessly or undesirably novel.
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\Hnewly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jnew\j\b\i.
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\Hnew moon\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the moon when it is between the sun and the earth and only a small crescent is visible.
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\Hnews\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a report of events as given each day by newspapers, radio, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) information which was not known before: 'that's \Inews\j\b\i to me'. Old English \Inewe\j\b\i something new
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\Hnews agency\h
an organisation which collects news and distributes it to newspapers, radio, etc.
#
\Hnewsagent\h
\Pnoun\p a person who sells newspapers, magazines, stationery, etc. \Bnewsagency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a shop selling these goods.
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\Hnewscast\h
\Pnoun\p a broadcast of the news on radio or television. \Bnewscaster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnewsgroup\h
\Pnoun\p (of the Internet) a discussion group for people who wish to explore a specific topic by reading entries posted on a bulletin board and using their computers to electronically post their responses.
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\Hnewsletter\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bnews-sheet\j\b\i
a printed letter giving news or details about a group or society.
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\Hnewspaper\h
\Pnoun\p a) a publication, usually daily or weekly, printed on large sheets of paper, which describes and comments on news and contains features and advertisements. b) the organisation publishing this.
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\Hnewspeak\h
\Pnoun\p a style of official language designed to conceal the truth and confuse. from G. Orwell's novel \I1984\j\b\i
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\Hnewsprint\h
\Pnoun\p the paper on which newspapers are printed.
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\Hnewsreader\h
\Pnoun\p a person who reads the news bulletin on radio or television.
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\Hnewsreel\h
\Pnoun\p a short film of the news.
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\Hnews-sheet\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jnewsletter\j\b\i.
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\Hnewsy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) full of news: 'she wrote me a \Inewsy\j\b\i letter'.
#
\Hnewt\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small, tailed amphibians related to the salamanders.
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\HNew Testament\h
\IReligion:\j\b\i the second part of the Bible, produced in the time of the early Christian Church. Compare \Jold testament\j\b\i.
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\Hnewton\h
\Pnoun\p the SI unit of force, which is equal to the force required to give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second squared. after \ISir Isaac Newton\j\b\i, 1642-1727, a British scientist
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\HNew World\h
the American continents.
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\Hnew year\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the year approaching or just begun.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a new calendar year, beginning on the first day of January in the Gregorian calendar.
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\Hnext\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p immediately following
(as an \Padjective\p) 'turn at the \Inext\j\b\i corner'.
(as an \Padverb\p) 'it's my turn \Inext\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Inext\j\b\i to arrive was Big Louie' (= next person).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bnext to\j\b\i, a) 'the shop is \Inext to\j\b\i the school' (= beside); b) '\Inext to\j\b\i vanilla, I like chocolate flavouring best' (= after).
\Bnext to nothing\j\b\i, See \Jnothing\j\b\i.
#
\Hnext-door\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p living in or occupying the adjoining house, building, etc.: 'who lives \Inext-door\j\b\i to you?'.
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\Hnexus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bnexuses\j\b\i
a connecting principle or link: 'the friendship treaty is a \Inexus\j\b\i between the two countries'.
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\Hniacin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nie\j\b\i-a-sin \Pnoun\p an acid which is part of the vitamin B complex, found in fresh meat and yeast.
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\Hnib\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the writing point of a pen.
\CX12.\j\b\i the beak of a bird.
#
\Hnibble\h
\Pverb\p to take small bites: 'she \Inibbled\j\b\i the chocolate'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Inibble\j\b\i at an offer' (= show interest). \Bnibble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnibs\h
plural \Pnoun\p \Bhis nibs\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an arrogant or conceited person.
#
\Hnice\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i pleasant, pleasing, agreeable, etc.: a) 'it's a \Inice\j\b\i day'; b) 'it's \Inice\j\b\i of you to say that'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is not a \Inice\j\b\i way to behave' (= proper).
\CX12.\j\b\i precise or accurate: 'he made a \Inice\j\b\i distinction between the technical terms'. \Bnicely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bniceness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bnice\j\b\i is frequently used by all of us - indeed \Itoo\j\b\i frequently because we often use it to save thinking of another \Padjective\p of approval. \INice\j\b\i, however, has undergone changes of meaning. Before coming to mean pleasant it meant particular or fastidious: '\Inice\j\b\i manners'; or subtle or discriminating: 'a \Inice\j\b\i distinction'. The latter meaning is still quite common. Before this, \Inice\j\b\i meant delicate or shy and before that, wanton. In fact \Inice\j\b\i originally meant foolish or stupid, its source being Latin \Inescius\j\b\i (ignorant).
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\Hnicety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nice\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a refinement or elegance: 'she uses the \Iniceties\j\b\i of the language'.
\CX12.\j\b\i accuracy: 'she argued her case with great \Inicety\j\b\i'.
\Bto a nicety\j\b\i, 'she described his character \Ito a nicety\j\b\i' (= precisely).
#
\Hniche\h
\Isay\j\b\i nitch \Ior\j\b\i neesh \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a shallow recess in a wall for ornaments, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a position or function of an organism in a community of plants and animals.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he found a \Iniche\j\b\i in the vast organisation' (= suitable and comfortable position). Latin \Inidus\j\b\i nest
#
\Hnick\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to indent or make a notch in something.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to capture or arrest. b) to steal.
\Bnick off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go away.
\Bnick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a notch or groove.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a prison.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin good nick\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in good condition.
\Bin the nick of time\j\b\i, only just in time.
#
\Hnickel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 28, a magnetic metal used in coins, alloys, and for protective plating. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a five-cent coin.
#
\Hnickelodeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i nikka-\CX1lo\j\b\i-dee-an \Pnoun\p a jukebox.
#
\Hnickname\h
\Pnoun\p a name used familiarly in place of or in addition to the proper name of a person, place, etc. \Bnickname\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnicotine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nikk\j\b\ia-teen \Pnoun\p a poisonous alkaloid found in tobacco. introduced to France by \IJacques Nicot\j\b\i in 1560
#
\Hniece\h
\Isay\j\b\i neece \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a daughter of one's brother or sister.
\CX12.\j\b\i a daughter of one's husband's or wife's brother or sister.
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\Hnifty\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) neat, smart or stylish.
#
\Hniggardly\h
\Padjective\p stingy or miserly. \Bniggard\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is stingy; \Bniggardliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hniggle\h
\Pverb\p to annoy or irritate by constant criticism, etc. \Bniggle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a trifling complaint; \Bniggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnigh\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p an old word meaning near or nearly: 'the end of the world is \Inigh\j\b\i'.
#
\Hnight\h
\Pnoun\p the period of dark between two successive days, being between sunset and sunrise. \Bnightly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or occurring at night, b) occurring every night; \Bnightly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnight-bird\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bird that is awake during the night.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a night owl. b) a person who prowls at night.
#
\Hnightcap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cap that is worn in bed.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drink, usually hot and containing alcohol, taken just before going to bed.
#
\Hnightclothes\h
plural \Pnoun\p garments that are worn in bed, such as pyjamas.
#
\Hnightclub\h
\Pnoun\p a place providing food, drink and entertainment between nightfall and morning.
#
\Hnightfall\h
\Pnoun\p the coming of night.
#
\Hnightie\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bnightdress\j\b\i
a woman's loose dress for sleeping in.
#
\Hnightingale\h
\Pnoun\p a small, brown bird related to the European thrush, the male of which sings at night during the mating season. \Bnight\j\b\i + Old English \Igalan\j\b\i to sing
#
\Hnightjar\h
\Pnoun\p any of various brown, plump birds with a loud churring song at night.
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\Hnightly\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p See \Jnight\j\b\i.
#
\Hnightmare\h
\Pnoun\p a frightening dream.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'driving through the bushfire was a \Inightmare\j\b\i' (= frightening experience). \Bnightmarish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bnight\j\b\i + Old English \Imare\j\b\i an evil spirit supposed to suffocate people during sleep
#
\Hnight owl\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who often stays up late at night.
#
\Hnightshade\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bdeadly nightshade\j\b\i
belladonna.
#
\Hnightshirt\h
\Pnoun\p a loose garment worn in bed.
#
\Hnight watch\h
a) a watch or guard kept during the night. b) the person keeping such a watch.
#
\Hnight-watchman\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to guard property, etc. during the night.
#
\Hnihilism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nie\j\b\i-a-lizm \Pnoun\p a total rejection of all existing principles, values and institutions. \Bnihilist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnihilistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nie-a-\CX1list\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Inihil\j\b\i nothing + \B-ism\j\b\i
#
\Hnil\h
\Pnoun\p nothing.
#
\Hnimble\h
\Padjective\p quick and easy in movement: a) '\Inimble\j\b\i fingers'; b) 'a \Inimble\j\b\i brain'. \Bnimbly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnimbleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnimbus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bnimbi\j\b\i or \Bnimbuses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a rain cloud.
\CX12.\j\b\i a halo. Latin \Inimbus\j\b\i a thunder cloud
#
\Hnincompoop\h
\Pnoun\p a very foolish person.
#
\Hnine\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 9 in Arabic numerals, IX in Roman numerals. \Bnine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bninth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hninefold\h
\Padjective\p a) being nine times as much. b) having nine parts.
#
\Hnineteen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 19 in Arabic numerals, XIX in Roman numerals.
\Btalk nineteen to the dozen\j\b\i, to chatter very quickly or excitedly. \Bnineteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnineteenth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnineteenth hole\h
\IGolf:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the bar in the clubhouse.
#
\Hninety\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 90 in Arabic numerals, XC in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 90-99 in a series, such as the years within a century. \Bninety\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bninetieth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hninny\h
\Pnoun\p a very foolish or simple person.
#
\Hninth\h
\Padjective\p, \Pnoun\p See \Jnine\j\b\i.
#
\Hniobium\h
\Isay\j\b\i nie-\CX1o\j\b\i-bee-um \Pnoun\p element number 41, a rare metal used to improve the resistance to corrosion of stainless steel at high temperatures. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
#
\Hnip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bnipped\j\b\i, \Bnipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to squeeze.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove by squeezing: 'he \Inipped\j\b\i off the withered leaves'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to sting or cause pain, as cold does.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to take a short, hurried walk, especially for a specific purpose: 'she \Inipped\j\b\i down the road to get a lemon'. \Bnip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnippy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, sharp and stinging, e.g. cold weather.
#
\Hnip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a unit of measure for alcoholic drinks, equal to about 30 mL. b) a small drink.
#
\Hnipper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that nips, such as a crab's claw.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small child.
#
\Hnipple\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) the small projection on the end of the breast or mammary gland through which a baby mammal sucks its mother's milk. b) a similar, but functionless, projection on male mammals. Also called a \Bteat\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a nipple, such as the small valve through which grease may be supplied to a bearing.
#
\Hnippy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jnip (1)\j\b\i.
#
\HNirvana\h
\Isay\j\b\i neer-\CX1var\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \IBuddhism:\j\b\i an indescribable state of enlightenment or bliss, where individual identity is lost in complete freedom from concern about oneself or the external world. Sanskrit, extinction
#
\HNissen hut\h
a prefabricated shelter consisting of a roof of corrugated iron which is semicircular in profile. invented by \IColonel P. N. Nissen\j\b\i, 1871-1930, an army engineer
#
\Hnit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the egg or empty eggshell of the louse or other parasitic insect, especially when it remains attached to hair or clothing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
#
\Hnit-picking\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any fussing over trivial details, especially fault-finding. \Bnit-picker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnit-pick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnitrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-trate \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the univalent (NO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i){\up6 -\j\b\i ion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fertiliser containing potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
#
\Hnitric acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-trik assid a strong, colourless, corrosive acid. It attacks most metals and many other substances and is widely used in industry.
\CX11.\j\b\i to oxidise a substance to nitrates or nitrites, especially by bacterial action.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add nitrates to the soil. \Bnitrification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnitrite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-trite \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the univalent (NO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i){\up6 -\j\b\i ion.
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\Hnitrocellulose\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcellulose nitrate\j\b\i.
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\Hnitrogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-tra-j'n \Pnoun\p element number 7, a colourless, odourless, chemically inactive gas forming about 78 per cent of the earth's atmosphere. It is an essential part of protein and is used in fertilisers, explosives and dyes. \Bnitrogenous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nigh-\CX1troj\j\b\ia-nus), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnitrogen cycle\h
a continuous circulation in nature of nitrogen and its compounds between the atmosphere, the soil and organisms.
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\Hnitrogen narcosis\h
an intoxicating and anaesthetic effect of too much nitrogen in the brain, due to the high content of nitrogen in air breathed by divers at depths below about 40 m.
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\Hnitroglycerine\h
\Isay\j\b\i nigh-tro-\CX1gliss\j\b\ia-reen \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a pale yellow, dense, oily liquid (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\i(NO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i)\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), used as an explosive.
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\Hnitrous oxide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nigh\j\b\i-trus oxide See \Jlaughing gas\j\b\i.
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\Hnitty-gritty\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the basic facts, details, etc.
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\Hnitwit\h
\Pnoun\p a slow-witted person.
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\Hnix\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nothing.
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\Hno (1)\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i used to express dissent or refusal: 'may I go out? \INo\j\b\i, you may not'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to emphasise a previous negative or qualify a previous statement: '\Ino\j\b\i, not even in Paris did I see so many stylish people'.
\CX13.\j\b\i used with a comparative to indicate negation: 'she works \Ino\j\b\i harder than Sue'.
\Bno\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
plural is \Bnoes\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a denial or refusal: 'she got a definite \Ino\j\b\i to her request'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a negative vote or voter.
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\Hno (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not any: 'there is \Ino\j\b\i food left'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to imply the opposite: 'he is \Ino\j\b\i fool'.
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\Hnob\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person of wealth or social distinction. b) the head.
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\Hnobble\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to tamper with a racehorse, especially by drugging it. b) to catch a criminal, etc. \Bnobbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnobelium\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1bee\j\b\ilium \Pnoun\p element number 102, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hnobility\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the peers and their spouses. b) the peers, baronets and knights and their spouses and children.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excellence of mind or character.
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\Hnoble\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of high hereditary rank.
\CX12.\j\b\i showing high character or qualities: 'a \Inoble\j\b\i sacrifice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i imposing or stately: 'a \Inoble\j\b\i monument'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i unreactive, and not corroded or easily attacked by chemical agents.
\Bnoble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a member of the nobility. \Bnobly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnobleman\h
\Pnoun\p a male member of the nobility. \Bnoblewoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnoblesse oblige\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-bless o-\CX1blee\j\b\i\Izh\j\b\i the obligations, such as honourable behaviour, associated with high rank or position. French \Inoblesse\j\b\i nobility + \Ioblige\j\b\i obliges
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\Hnobody\h
\Ppronoun\p no person.
\Bnobody\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person of no importance.
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\Hnocturnal\h
\Isay\j\b\i nok-\CX1ter\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p relating to or active in the night-time: 'a \Inocturnal\j\b\i animal is awake at night'. Compare \Jdiurnal\j\b\i. \Bnocturnally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnocturne\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nok\j\b\i-tern \Pnoun\p a short, gentle piece of music, especially for the piano.
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\Hnod\h
\Pverb\p (\Bnodded\j\b\i, \Bnodding\j\b\i)
to bow the head briefly, usually to express agreement, greeting, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Inodded\j\b\i off for a few moments by the fire' (= dozed).
b) 'the plants were \Inodding\j\b\i in the breeze' (= swaying, bending). \Bnod\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnode\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a knot or knob, such as a joint on a stem from which a leaf grows.
\CX12.\j\b\i a point at which two things intersect.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a point where there is no transverse movement in a standing wave. Compare \Jantinode\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i the area in which some activity occurs. \Bnodal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnodule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nod\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p a knob or small rounded lump. \Bnodular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HNoel\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1el\j\b\i \Pnoun\p No'l a name for Christmas.
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\Hnoggin\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the head. b) a glass of beer.
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\Hno-hoper\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who shows no great ability.
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\Hnoise\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i boys \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any sound, especially when loud or confused: 'deafening \Inoises\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i any unwanted electrical disturbance which obscures or reduces the clarity or quality of a signal. \Bnoisy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making or full of noise; \Bnoisily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnoisiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnoiseless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, silent; \Bnoiselessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnoisome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noy\j\b\i-s'm \Padjective\p having offensive or disagreeable conditions: 'the slaughterhouse was a \Inoisome\j\b\i place'.
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\Hnomad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-mad \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of people who move from place to place to find food, etc. according to the seasons.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who wanders or moves about. \Bnomadic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1madd\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnomadically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hno-man's-land\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the area between two opposing armies.
\CX12.\j\b\i any unclaimed or disputed area.
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\Hnom de plume\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nom\j\b\i deh ploom a pseudonym. French \Inom\j\b\i name + \Ide plume\j\b\i of pen
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\Hnomenclature\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1men\j\b\ikla-cher \Pnoun\p a system of names used in a particular subject.
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\Hnominal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nomm\j\b\ii-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing in name only: 'a \Inominal\j\b\i ruler of a country'.
\CX12.\j\b\i small in relation to the real value: 'we only pay a \Inominal\j\b\i rent as the house belongs to my parents'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i of or relating to a \Pnoun\p or name. \Bnominally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnominate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nomm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put forward or suggest a person as suitable for appointment or election.
\CX12.\j\b\i to name: 'which film would you \Inominate\j\b\i as the best?'. \Bnomination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of nominating, b) the state of being nominated; \Bnominator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who nominates; \Bnominee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is nominated.
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\Hnominative case\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hnon-\h
a prefix meaning not, as in \Inonconformist\j\b\i.
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\Hnonagenarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i nonna-j'n-\CX1air\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a person who is over 90 but less than 100 years old. \Bnonagenarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being 90 years old, b) being between 90 and 100 years old. Latin \Inonageni\j\b\i ninety each
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\Hnonagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nonn\j\b\ia-g'n \Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with nine straight sides.
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\Hnon-aligned\h
\Padjective\p not taking part in an alliance, etc. \Bnon-alignment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnonce\h
\Pnoun\p \Bfor the nonce\j\b\i, for the present. Middle English \Ifor than anes\j\b\i for the one (purpose)
\Isay\j\b\i non-\CX1kom\j\b\iba-t'nt \Pnoun\p a person who is not involved in fighting, such as a medical officer or chaplain in the armed forces.
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\Hnon-commissioned officer\h
a member of the armed forces appointed to a position of authority but subject to the command of officers.
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\Hnon-committal\h
\Padjective\p not committing oneself to a particular view, course of action, etc.
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\Hnon-compliance\h
\Pnoun\p a failure or refusal to comply.
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\Hnon compos mentis\h
\Isay\j\b\i non kompus \CX1men\j\b\itis not sane or responsible for one's actions. Latin, not in control of the mind
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\Hnonconformist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who does not conform.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of a Protestant Church which rejects the rule of bishops, e.g. Methodist, Baptist. \Bnonconformity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lack of conformity or agreement.
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\Hnondescript\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1non\j\b\ida-skript \Padjective\p of no particular type or sort: 'it was such a \Inondescript\j\b\i dress that I don't remember what colour it was'.
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\Hnone\h
\Isay\j\b\i nun \Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i not any: 'that is \Inone\j\b\i of your business'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iused with singular or plural \Pverb\p\j\b\i) not one: '\Inone\j\b\i of them would help'.
\Bnone\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
not at all; in no way: 'he was \Inone\j\b\i the worse for the experience'.
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\Hnonentity\h
\Isay\j\b\i non-\CX1en\j\b\ita-tee \Pnoun\p a person or thing of no importance.
to puzzle or perplex completely. Latin \Inon plus\j\b\i no further
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\Hnonproliferation\h
\Pnoun\p the halting of the spread of nuclear weapons among non-nuclear powers by common agreement.
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\Hnonsense\h
\Pnoun\p a) something which is absurd or makes no sense. b) senseless or foolish conduct. \Bnonsensical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i non-\CX1sens\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnon sequitur\h
\Isay\j\b\i non \CX1sek\j\b\iwi-ta a conclusion that does not follow from the basic statements or assumptions. Latin, it does not follow
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\Hnon-verbal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not involving spoken words: 'a \Inon-verbal\j\b\i contract'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not involving either written or spoken words: 'dancing is a form of \Inon-verbal\j\b\i communication'.
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\Hnoodle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a pasta in long, flat and narrow pieces.
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\Hnoodle (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the head. b) a simpleton.
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\Hnook\h
\Pnoun\p a) a secluded corner. b) a small recess.
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\Hnoon\h
\Pnoun\p midday.
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\Hno-one\h
\Ppronoun\p nobody.
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\Hnoontide\h
\Pnoun\p midday.
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\Hnoose\h
\Pnoun\p a loop, as in a lasso, with a sliding knot which tightens the loop when the rope is pulled.
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\Hnor\h
conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i used to connect negative alternatives: 'she is neither brilliant \Inor\j\b\i stupid'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to emphasise a negative such as \Inot\j\b\i, \Inever\j\b\i, etc.: 'never did I meet such an idiot, \Inor\j\b\i do I wish to'. See \Jneither\j\b\i.
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\Hnorm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a model or standard.
\CX12.\j\b\i the average behaviour or performance for a group of people. \Bnormative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, corresponding with the norm. Latin \Inorma\j\b\i a carpenter's square
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\Hnormal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i conforming to a usual or typical pattern: 'such behaviour is \Inormal\j\b\i in young children'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i being at right angles. \Bnormal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything normal; \Bnormally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, usually; \Bnormality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i nor-\CX1mall\j\b\ii-tee), \Bnormalcy\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hnormalise\h
\Pverb\p normalize to make normal. \Bnormalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnorth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the direction along any meridian to the left as one faces the position where the sun rises.
\CX12.\j\b\i the cardinal point of the compass at 90░ to the left of east and opposite south. Also called \Bmagnetic north\j\b\i. \Bnorth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnorth-east\h
\Pnoun\p a) the point or direction midway between north and east. b) a region in this direction. \Bnorth-east\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in or towards the north-east; \Bnorth-easterly\j\b\i, \Bnorth-eastern\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, from or towards the north-east; \Bnorth-easterly\j\b\i, \Bnorth-easter\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a wind coming from the north-east.
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\Hnortherly\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p (of a direction, course, etc.) from or towards the north: 'we set off on a \Inortherly\j\b\i course'.
\Bnortherly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a wind coming from the north.
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\Hnorthern\h
\Padjective\p (of a place) situated in the north: 'the \Inorthern\j\b\i edge of the desert'.
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\HNorth Star\h
See \Jpole star\j\b\i.
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\Hnorthward\h
\Padjective\p towards the north. \Bnorthwards\j\b\i, \Bnorthward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnorth-west\h
\Pnoun\p a) the point or direction midway between north and west. b) a region in this direction. \Bnorth-west\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in or towards the north-west; \Bnorth-westerly\j\b\i, \Bnorth-western\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, from or towards the north-west; \Bnorth-westerly\j\b\i, \Bnorth-wester\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a wind coming from the north-west.
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\Hnose\h
\Isay\j\b\i noze \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the organ of smell, through which air is taken in.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or position of a nose: 'the \Inose\j\b\i of an aeroplane'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the sense of smell.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that reporter has a keen \Inose\j\b\i for a good story' (= ability to detect or discover).
b) 'please keep your \Inose\j\b\i out of our business' (= prying, interference).
c) 'the claret has a good \Inose\j\b\i' (= initial smell).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby a nose\j\b\i, by a very short distance.
\Blook down one's nose at\j\b\i, to treat or regard with disdain.
\Bon the nose\j\b\i, smelly.
\Bpay through the nose\j\b\i, to pay too much.
\Bput someone's nose out of joint\j\b\i, to upset the feelings or pride of a person.
\Bturn up one's nose at\j\b\i, to be ungrateful to or contemptuous of.
\Bnose\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to touch or examine with the nose: 'the horse \Inosed\j\b\i the boy's hand'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sniff or smell.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the car \Inosed\j\b\i forward slowly in the heavy traffic' (= moved).
b) 'don't \Inose\j\b\i into other peoples' affairs' (= pry).
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\Hnosebag\h
\Pnoun\p a bag containing dry feed, held near a horse's mouth by straps around its head.
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\Hnosedive\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, downward plunge, especially a dive in which an aircraft is pointed almost straight down. \Bnosedive\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnosegay\h
\Pnoun\p a small bunch of flowers.
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\Hnosey\h
\Padjective\p inquisitive or meddlesome.
\Bnosey parker\j\b\i, an inquisitive person. \Bnosily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnosiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnosh\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to eat, especially a snack or titbit. \Bnosh\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, food; \Bnoshery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where nosh can be bought. Yiddish
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\Hnostalgia\h
\Isay\j\b\i nos-\CX1tal\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p a longing for persons, places or things which are past or distant. \Bnostalgic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnostalgically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Inostos\j\b\i a return home + \Ialgos\j\b\i pain
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\Hnostril\h
\Pnoun\p either of the two openings in the nose through which air is breathed.
#
\Hnostrum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bnostrums\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a medicine, especially a false one.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pet scheme or plan for improvement.
\Padverb\p a word expressing denial, refusal or prohibition: a) 'that is \Inot\j\b\i true!'; b) 'you must \Inot\j\b\i do that'.
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\Hnota bene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-ta \CX1benn\j\b\iay short form is \Bn.b\j\b\i.
note well. Latin
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\Hnotable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-ta-b'l \Padjective\p a) worthy of notice. b) distinguished: 'a \Inotable\j\b\i artist'. \Bnotable\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an important person; \Bnotably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnotability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i no-ta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnotary public\h
plural is \Bnotaries public\j\b\i
short form is \Bnotary\j\b\i
an official authorised to certify contracts, take affidavits, depositions, etc.
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\Hnotation\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a system of symbols to represent numbers, quantities, etc., as is used in arithmetic, algebra and music.
\CX12.\j\b\i a note or record of something. \Bnotate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bnotational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnotch\h
\Pnoun\p a V-shaped cut in a surface, sometimes used as a record or to keep count.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the mistakes reduced his academic status by several \Inotches\j\b\i' (= degrees, steps). \Bnotch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to cut a notch, b) to score.
#
\Hnote\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short written or printed record, used for reference, as a reminder, an informal message, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of paper currency: 'a ten dollar \Inote\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a single sound. b) its written symbol. c) a key on a piano, organ, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i any musical or expressive sound: 'the \Inotes\j\b\i of a magpie's call are very distinctive'.
\CX15.\j\b\i importance or significance: 'did anything of \Inote\j\b\i happen while I was away?'.
\CX16.\j\b\i heed or notice: 'please take \Inote\j\b\i of the revised timetable'.
\CX17.\j\b\i tone or feeling: 'there was a \Inote\j\b\i of warning in her voice'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstrike a false note\j\b\i, to do or say something inappropriate or which betrays insincerity.
\Bstrike the right note\j\b\i, to do or say the appropriate thing.
\Bnote\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to watch or notice carefully: '\Inote\j\b\i the way she executes a figure of eight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a note of: '\Inote\j\b\i the date on your calendar'. \Bnoted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, famous; \Bnotedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnotebook\h
\Pnoun\p a small, lightweight, portable computer, slightly smaller and weighing less than a laptop computer.
#
\Hnotepaper\h
\Pnoun\p any sheets of paper used for writing letters.
#
\Hnoteworthy\h
\Padjective\p worthy of notice or recognition. \Bnoteworthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnothing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nuth\j\b\iing \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i no thing: 'this carton has \Inothing\j\b\i in it, so throw it away'.
\CX12.\j\b\i nought: 'four minus four equals \Inothing\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there is \Inothing\j\b\i on television tonight' (= not anything interesting or important).
b) 'she shows \Inothing\j\b\i of her former rigid upbringing' (= no trace or part).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake nothing of\j\b\i, a) 'I could \Imake nothing of\j\b\i the censored letter' (= not understand); b) 'they all tried kindly to \Imake nothing of\j\b\i my clumsiness' (= treat lightly).
\Bnothing for it\j\b\i, 'there was \Inothing for it\j\b\i but to jump over the side of the bridge' (= no other possible course of action).
\Bnothing in it\j\b\i, 'there's \Inothing in it\j\b\i' (= no truth, or profit, in it). \Bnothingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being nothing, b) emptiness or worthlessness; \Bnothing\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, not at all.
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\Hnothofagus\h
\Isay\j\b\i notto-\CX1fay\j\b\i-gus \Pnoun\p a myrtle beech.
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\Hnotice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-tiss \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i attention or awareness: 'it has come to my \Inotice\j\b\i that you have been arriving late'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written or printed announcement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the new play received very good \Inotices\j\b\i after its opening' (= reviews).
\CX13.\j\b\i a formal announcement of intention, especially to leave a job: 'to give \Inotice\j\b\i'.
\Bnotice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be aware of or pay attention to: 'did you \Inotice\j\b\i the man wearing pink shoes?'. \Bnoticeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be seen, b) significant; \Bnoticeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnotice board\h
a board on which announcements, messages, advertisements and items of general interest are displayed.
to inform or make known to: 'please \Inotify\j\b\i the police if you have seen this car'. \Bnotification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a written notice.
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\Hnotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general idea or feeling: 'I have a \Inotion\j\b\i that we have been here before'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an opinion or belief: 'his \Inotions\j\b\i about marriage are very old-fashioned'. \Bnotional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnotochord\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1no\j\b\i-ta-kord \Pnoun\p a rod-like structure found in place of a backbone in many animals.
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\Hnotorious\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1taw\j\b\i-ree-us \Padjective\p widely known, especially in an unfavourable way. \Bnotoriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bnotoriety\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i no-ta-\CX1rye\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being famous or notorious. Latin \Inotus\j\b\i known See \Jfamous\j\b\i.
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\Hnotwithstanding\h
preposition in spite of: '\Inotwithstanding\j\b\i their warnings, she went out alone'.
\Bnotwithstanding\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
nevertheless: 'we continued on our way \Inotwithstanding\j\b\i'.
#
\Hnougat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noo\j\b\i-gah \Pnoun\p a chewy sweet, usually white and containing pieces of nut.
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\Hnought\h
\Isay\j\b\i nawt \Pnoun\p zero, the symbol 0.
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\Hnoughts-and-crosses\h
\Pnoun\p a game for two using noughts and crosses as symbols, in which each player tries to build the first row of three of his or her symbols within a square consisting of nine compartments.
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\Hnoun\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i any word which names something.
a \Bcommon \Pnoun\p\j\b\i expresses the general name for a number of things, such as \Igirl\j\b\i, \Idog\j\b\i, etc.
\Ba proper \Pnoun\p\j\b\i expresses the individual name of a person or place and usually begins with a capital letter, such as \IJessica\j\b\i, \INewcastle\j\b\i, etc.
an \Babstract \Pnoun\p\j\b\i expresses a quality rather than an object, such as \Ibeauty\j\b\i, \Ianger\j\b\i, etc.
a \Bcollective \Pnoun\p\j\b\i is a singular \Pnoun\p which expresses the name given to certain things when they are in a group, such as \Iherd\j\b\i, \Iflock\j\b\i, etc. Latin \Inomen\j\b\i a name
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\Hnourish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nurr\j\b\iish \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to feed or sustain with food.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cherish or promote: 'you must \Inourish\j\b\i your natural talent'. \Bnourishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnous\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) common sense. Greek, mind
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\Hnouveau riche\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noo\j\b\i-vo reesh plural is \Bnouveaux riches\j\b\i
(\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a person who has newly become rich. French
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\Hnouvelle cuisine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1noo\j\b\ivel kwi\CX1zeen\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i a style of cooking originating in France which emphasises freshness of ingredients, rapid cooking and artistically presented small servings.
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\Hnova\h
\Pnoun\p a faint star which, after an internal explosion, displays a tremendous increase in radiation, but only for a few days or weeks. Latin \Inovus\j\b\i new (because at first mistaken for a new star)
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\Hnovel (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1novv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a long prose narrative of imaginary people and events. A short novel is sometimes called a \Bnovella\j\b\i. \Bnovelist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes novels; \Bnovelistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a novel.
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\Hnovel (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1novv\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p new, unusual or different.
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\Hnovelty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being novel or new: 'the \Inovelty\j\b\i of snow in summer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is novel: 'eating with chopsticks was a \Inovelty\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a small, inexpensive toy or article.
#
\HNovember\h
\Pnoun\p the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. Latin, the ninth month of the Roman calendar
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\Hnovice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1novv\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a person who is new to some activity, religious order, etc.
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\Hnovitiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i no-\CX1vish\j\b\ii-it \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bnoviciate\j\b\i
a) a novice or beginner. b) the state or period of being a novice. c) the place where novices live.
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\Hnovocaine\h
\Pnoun\p a drug similar to cocaine used as a local anaesthetic, especially in dentistry.
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\Hnow\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i at this time or moment: 'what sort of work are you doing \Inow\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at once: 'please stop that noise \Inow\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of events) at that time: 'the rain was \Inow\j\b\i falling more heavily than ever'.
\CX14.\j\b\i as a result: '\Inow\j\b\i we may never see him again'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bjust now\j\b\i, 'it arrived \Ijust now\j\b\i in the post' (= very recently).
\Bnow and again\j\b\i, \Bnow and then\j\b\i, occasionally.
\Bnow\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
since: '\Inow\j\b\i that you mention it, I do remember that car'. \Bnowadays\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, at the present time.
#
\Hnowhere\h
\Padverb\p not anywhere.
\Bget nowhere\j\b\i, to achieve nothing. \Bnowhere\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an unknown or non-existent place.
\Pnoun\p a projecting spout or end through which something is poured or discharged, such as a fitting on the end of a pipe or hose.
#
\Hnth\h
\Isay\j\b\i enth \Padjective\p \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to a general term, the \In\j\b\ith in a series.
\Bto the nth degree\j\b\i, to the utmost or greatest extent.
#
\Hnuance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-onse \Pnoun\p a slight or subtle shade or variation, as in colour, meaning, etc.
#
\Hnub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a knob or lump.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the point or gist of anything: 'let us get to the real \Inub\j\b\i of our discussion'.
#
\Hnubile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-bile \Padjective\p (of a girl or young woman) physically mature or old enough to marry.
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\Hnuclear\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-klee-a \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to, involving, or powered by nuclear energy.
\CX12.\j\b\i having nuclear weapons: 'is India a \Inuclear\j\b\i power?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or forming a nucleus: 'a \Inuclear\j\b\i family'.
\CX14.\j\b\i of or relating to the nucleus of an atom.
#
\Hnuclear deterrent\h
any philosophical, moral or military restraint applied with the intention of preventing or halting the use of nuclear weapons.
#
\Hnuclear energy\h
also called \Batomic energy\j\b\i
a) the immensely powerful force, the nature of which is unknown, required to keep charged protons and neutrons densely packed in an atom's nucleus. b) this force released in nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.
#
\Hnuclear fission\h
short form is \Bfission\j\b\i
the splitting of the nucleus of an atom of a heavy element, e.g. a uranium isotope, producing enormous energy which is controlled in nuclear reactors for peaceful uses or uncontrolled for atomic bombs.
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\Hnuclear-free zone\h
an area declared by local authorities to be free from any kind of nuclear activity.
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\Hnuclear fuel\h
the elements used in producing nuclear power, e.g. uranium, plutonium, thorium.
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\Hnuclear fusion\h
short form is \Bfusion\j\b\i
the fusion of two nuclei of a light element, e.g. hydrogen, to form one nucleus of a heavier element, e.g. helium, releasing vast amounts of energy (more than that produced by fission), used in the hydrogen bomb but not yet controllable for peaceful use.
#
\Hnuclear physics\h
\Blow-energy nuclear physics\j\b\i studies the structure of the nuclei of atoms.
\CX11.\j\b\i heat or electricity produced by a nuclear reactor.
\CX12.\j\b\i a country which possesses nuclear weapons.
#
\Hnuclear reactor\h
also called an \Batomic pile\j\b\i
any of various widely differing systems for damping down the energy released in nuclear fission so that it can be used in generating electricty, propelling ships, etc.
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\Hnuclear waste\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i dangerous radioactive products formed by fission and other nuclear processes in a reactor.
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\Hnuclear weapon\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a tactical or short-range weapon, e.g. an \Batomic bomb\j\b\i, atomic artillery or a ship-launched or vehicle-launched missile with a small warhead in which the explosive force is derived from nuclear fission.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strategic or long-range weapon, e.g. a missile launched from an aircraft, submarine or land-based silo, or a \Bhydrogen bomb\j\b\i, in which the explosive force is derived from nuclear fusion triggered off by a nuclear fission detonator, or from nuclear fission alone.
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\Hnucleic acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1klee\j\b\i-ik \Ior\j\b\i new-\CX1klay\j\b\i-ik assid \IBiology:\j\b\i a long-chain molecule found in all living things and forming chromosomes.
#
\Hnucleon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-klee-on \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a proton or neutron.
#
\Hnucleus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-klee-us \Pnoun\p plural is \Bnuclei\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a central part around which other things are grouped.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the resigning members formed the \Inucleus\j\b\i of a new progressive party' (= basis, foundation).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the heavy, positively charged core of an atom, made up of protons and (except in hydrogen) neutrons.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a body within a cell containing the chromosomes and essential for the life of most animal and plant cells. Latin, kernel
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\Hnude\h
\Isay\j\b\i newd \Padjective\p naked.
\Bnude\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a naked human figure or a drawing, painting or photograph of one.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of nakedness. \Bnudity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\idi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bnudist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes that dispensing with clothes is healthy and enjoyable.
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\Hnudge\h
\Pverb\p to push gently, especially with the elbow, in order to attract attention, etc. \Bnudge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnugatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-ga-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no value or worth.
\CX12.\j\b\i having no power or effect.
#
\Hnugget\h
\Pnoun\p a small lump or mass, especially of a precious metal such as gold.
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\Hnuisance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\i-sence \Pnoun\p a person or thing that is annoying, troublesome or inconvenient.
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\Hnuke\h
\Isay\j\b\i newk \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a nuclear device.
\Bnuke\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attack or destroy with nuclear weapons.
#
\Hnull\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having no effect, force or significance.
\CX12.\j\b\i non-existent.
\Bnull and void\j\b\i, having no legal force. \Bnullify\j\b\i (\Bnullified\j\b\i, \Bnullifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or declare null; \Bnullification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being null or ineffective. Latin
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\Hnulla-nulla\h
\Pnoun\p a wooden club. Aboriginal
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\Hnull set\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the set which has no elements.
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\Hnumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i num \Padjective\p unable to feel or move: a) 'her fingers were \Inumb\j\b\i with cold'; b) 'we were \Inumb\j\b\i with shock at the news'. \Bnumb\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bnumbness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnumbat\h
\Pnoun\p either of two varieties of striped, brush-tailed anteaters of central and south-western Australia, about the size of a domestic cat. Aboriginal
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\Hnumber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1num\j\b\i-ba \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a series of symbols or figures indicating quantity or position in a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular number given to a person or thing to fix place, establish identity, etc.: 'a telephone \Inumber\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a quantity, total or amount: 'what is the \Inumber\j\b\i of children in this class?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Inumbers\j\b\i of spectators were injured' (= many, a large quantity).
b) 'we lost the vote because we didn't have the \Inumbers\j\b\i' (= greater quantity).
\CX14.\j\b\i a single part in a series, such as an item in a programme, an issue of a magazine, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bany number of\j\b\i, a large but indefinite quantity of.
\Bnumber one\j\b\i, a) 'he always looks after \Inumber one\j\b\i' (= himself first); b) (\INautical\j\b\i) the first lieutenant.
\Bwithout number\j\b\i, too many to be counted.
\Bnumber\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to add up to: 'his true friends do not \Inumber\j\b\i very many'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add, note or give a number to, in turn or one by one.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was \Inumbered\j\b\i among the few survivors' (= included).
b) 'the doctors say that the days of her life are \Inumbered\j\b\i' (= limited). \Bnumberless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) countless, b) without a number.
#
\Hnumberplate\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bregistration plate\j\b\i
a plate with numbers and letters on it to identify the motor vehicle carrying it.
#
\Hnumber theory\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the study of integers and their interrelationships.
#
\Hnumbskull\h
\Pnoun\p numskull (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid person.
#
\Hnumchukka\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bnunchaku\j\b\i
(\Iespecially plural\j\b\i) a weapon consisting of two short, heavy sticks held together by a chain, strap, etc. Japanese dialect \Inunchaku\j\b\i
#
\Hnumerable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ima-ra-b'l \Padjective\p able to be counted.
#
\Hnumeral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ima-r'l \Pnoun\p a letter, figure or word expressing a number: 'the Roman \Inumeral\j\b\i for two is II'. \Bnumeral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or expressing a number.
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\Hnumerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ima-rate \Pverb\p to count. \Bnumeration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or process of counting; \Bnumerate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ima-rit), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to do arithmetic or mathematics; \Bnumeracy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being able to do basic arithmetic or mathematics.
#
\Hnumerator\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the part of a fraction above the line, such as 3 in [***3/4]. Compare \Jdenominator\j\b\i.
#
\Hnumerical\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1merr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p numeric \CX11.\j\b\i relating to a number or series of numbers: 'please put your pages in \Inumerical\j\b\i order'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or expressed in a number or numbers: '7 is a \Inumerical\j\b\i symbol'. \Bnumerically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hnumerology\h
\Isay\j\b\i newma-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of numbers, such as a person's birth date, to discover their supposed influence on events. \Bnumerologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hnumerous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\ima-rus \Padjective\p forming or having a great number. \Bnumerously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hnuminous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\imin-us \Padjective\p spiritually or religiously inspired or inspiring. Latin \Inuminis\j\b\i of divine power
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\Hnumismatics\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-miz-\CX1matt\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the science or study of coins and medals. \Bnumismatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bnumismatist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1miz\j\b\ima-tist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Inomismata\j\b\i currency
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\Hnumskull\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jnumbskull\j\b\i.
#
\Hnun\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a female member of a religious order living under vows, often apart from the secular world.
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\Hnunchaku\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jnumchukka\j\b\i.
#
\Hnuncio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nun\j\b\isee-o \Pnoun\p a diplomatic representative of the Pope. Latin \Inuntius\j\b\i messenger
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\Hnunnery\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a convent.
#
\Hnuptials\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nup\j\b\i-sh'ls plural \Pnoun\p a marriage ceremony or wedding. \Bnuptial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Inuptiae\j\b\i a wedding
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\Hnurse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person trained to care for the sick, young children, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person or thing that encourages growth, development, etc.
\Bnurse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to be a nurse. b) to care for or look after.
\CX12.\j\b\i to breastfeed a child.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Inursed\j\b\i his sore leg' (= held gently).
b) 'do not \Inurse\j\b\i any grudges' (= carry, cherish). Latin \Inutricius\j\b\i that nourishes
#
\Hnursemaid\h
\Pnoun\p a woman employed to take care of children.
#
\Hnursery\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a place where children are looked after. b) a room in a house for children to sleep and play.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where plants are grown for sale, experimentation, etc. \Bnurseryman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who owns or works in a plant nursery.
#
\Hnursery rhyme\h
a short, traditional poem or song for children.
#
\Hnursery school\h
See \Jkindergarten\j\b\i.
#
\Hnurture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ner\j\b\i-cher \Pverb\p to feed or nourish.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the new law \Inurtured\j\b\i a feeling of public resentment' (= promoted). \Bnurture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) training or upbringing, b) food or nourishment.
#
\Hnut\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dry fruit enclosed in a hard shell.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, size or texture of a nut: 'a \Inut\j\b\i of butter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person who is eccentric or insane. b) the head.
\CX14.\j\b\i a piece of metal with a hole in the centre for screwing on to the end of a bolt.
\Ba hard nut to crack\j\b\i, a difficult person or problem. \Bnutty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like a nut, especially in taste, b) (informal) mad or eccentric.
#
\Hnutcracker\h
\Pnoun\p an implement for breaking the hard, outer shell of a nut.
#
\Hnuthatch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1nut\j\b\i-hatch \Pnoun\p any of a group of small birds which eats nuts and insects.
#
\Hnutmeat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a meat substitute made from crushed nuts, grain, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the edible kernel of a nut.
#
\Hnutmeg\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet spice made from the dried seed of an East Indian tree and used in cooking. \Bnut\j\b\i + Latin \Imuscus\j\b\i musk
#
\Hnutrient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\itri-ent \Pnoun\p a substance which nourishes, especially as an ingredient in food.
#
\Hnutriment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\itra-m'nt \Pnoun\p anything which nourishes, sustains or promotes growth.
#
\Hnutrition\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of nourishing, especially the ingestion, digestion and assimilation of food materials by an organism.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) food. b) nutriment. \Bnutritious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, giving a high degree of nourishment; \Bnutritive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1new\j\b\itra-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) providing nourishment, b) relating to nutrition; \Bnutritional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hnuts\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mad.
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\Hnutshell\h
\Pnoun\p the hard shell of a nut.
\Bin a nutshell\j\b\i, in brief, concisely.
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\Hnutty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jnut\j\b\i.
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\Hnuzzle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to push against or burrow with the nose.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cuddle or snuggle.
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\Hnylon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a large class of polymers that have recurring amide groups along the chain of the molecule. Thread made from nylon is used to make a variety of products, such as yarn, fabric, fishing line, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) stockings made of nylon.
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\Hnymph\h
\Isay\j\b\i nimf \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMythology:\j\b\i any of various beautiful young goddesses who inhabited the sea, woods, meadows, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a young, wingless, sexually immature form in the development of certain insects.
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\Hnymphet\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist\j\b\i) a young, sexually attractive girl.
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\Hnymphomania\h
\Isay\j\b\i nimfa-\CX1may\j\b\i-nee-a \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i an abnormally strong sexual desire in women. Compare \Jsatyriasis\j\b\i. \Bnymphomaniac\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hnyoongah\h
\Isay\j\b\i nye-\CX1oong\j\b\i-gar \Pnoun\p an Aborigine from Western Australia.
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\Hoaf\h
\Pnoun\p a stupid or clumsy person. \Boafish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Boafishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boafishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoak\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, Northern Hemisphere trees which produce acorns and a fine, hard wood used as timber. \Boaken\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, made of oak.
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\Hoakum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-kum \Pnoun\p loose fibre, such as jute or hemp, used for filling joints or seams in ships, etc.
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\Hoar\h
\Isay\j\b\i or \Pnoun\p a long thin piece of wood with a flat blade at one end, fitted into a rowlock and used to row a boat.
\Bput one's oar in\j\b\i, to interfere. \Boar\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Boarsman\j\b\i, \Boarswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who rows a boat alone or as part of a crew.
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\Hoasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1ay\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Boases\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1ay\j\b\i-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i an area in a desert made fertile by water from a spring or a stream.
\CX12.\j\b\i a haven of peace amidst turmoil.
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\Hoast\h
\Pnoun\p an oven for drying hops and malt. \Boast-house\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a building containing an oast.
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\Hoat\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a cereal plant cultivated for its edible seed.
\Bsow one's wild oats\j\b\i, to indulge in dissipation while young, before having to settle down. \Boaten\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, made of oats or oat straw.
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\Hoath\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal promise made in the name of a god or holy person.
\CX12.\j\b\i an irreverent or blasphemous expression.
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\Hoatmeal\h
\Pnoun\p ground oats, used to make porridge, cakes, etc.
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\Hobdurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\idew-rit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i hard-hearted or stubborn.
\CX12.\j\b\i refusing to repent. \Bobduracy\j\b\i, \Bobdurateness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hobedient\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1bee\j\b\idi-ent \Padjective\p willing to obey. \Bobedience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being obedient, b) the act of obeying; \Bobediently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobeisance\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1bee\j\b\i-sense \Ior\j\b\i o-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sense \Pnoun\p a bow or curtsy expressing respect or reverence.
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\Hobelisk\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1obb\j\b\ia-lisk \Pnoun\p a tapering stone column with four sides and a pyramidal top, common as an ancient Egyptian monument.
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1bay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to do as commanded or instructed: 'you must \Iobey\j\b\i your parents'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Iobey\j\b\i your intuition' (= act according to).
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\Hobfuscate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\ifa-skate \Pverb\p to obscure or confuse: 'his turgid style \Iobfuscates\j\b\i the sense of his essay'. \Bobfuscation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobituary\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1bit\j\b\i-yoo-ree \Pnoun\p a notice of a death of a person, sometimes accompanied by an article about his or her life. Latin \Iobitus\j\b\i death
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\Hobject\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\i-ject \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything which can be seen, touched or perceived by any of the senses.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing to which attention, thought, action, etc. is directed: a) 'the unhappy child was an \Iobject\j\b\i of pity'; b) 'the \Iobject\j\b\i of the meeting is to elect a president'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word or words describing the person or thing to which the activity of a \Pverb\p is directed. \IExample\j\b\i: Thalia ate \Ia large green apple\j\b\i. Compare \Jsubject\j\b\i.
the \Bindirect object\j\b\i represents the person or thing to or for whom the action of the \Pverb\p is performed. \IExample\j\b\i: the singer gave \Iher mother\j\b\i a hug.
the \Bdirect object\j\b\i represents the person or thing upon which the action of the \Pverb\p is directed. \IExample\j\b\i: the man bought \Ia new hat\j\b\i.
to disapprove of, dislike, feel or argue against: 'I \Iobject\j\b\i to your coming in without knocking first'. \Bobjector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who objects; \Bobjectify\j\b\i (\Bobjectified\j\b\i, \Bobjectifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make objective, b) to present as an object.
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\Hobjection\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1jek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) something said or offered in opposition, disagreement or disapproval. b) a reason for such disagreement.
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1jek\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to something material, as distinct from thoughts, feelings, etc.: 'the \Iobjective\j\b\i universe'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not influenced by personal feelings or opinions: 'an \Iobjective\j\b\i criticism'.
\Bobjective\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is aimed at or striven for: 'the main \Iobjective\j\b\i of the meeting was to come to an agreement'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the lens or lenses in an optical instrument, such as a microscope, closest to the object being viewed. Compare \Jeyepiece\j\b\i. \Bobjectivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i objek-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being objective, b) visible or external reality; \Bobjectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bobjective, subjective\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. An \Iobjective\j\b\i account is one that focuses on facts, figures and concrete realities, for which evidence can usually be found; whereas a \Isubjective\j\b\i account reflects the personal thoughts and feelings of its author.
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\Hobjective case\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hobjectivism\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1jek\j\b\iti-vizm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that knowledge should be based on external realities rather than personal feelings. Compare \Jsubjectivism\j\b\i.
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\Hobject lesson\h
an example or illustration of a moral, principle, etc.
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\Hobjet d'art\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\iay dar an object valued for its artistic worth. French \Iobjet\j\b\i object + \Id'art\j\b\i of art
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\Hobjurgate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\ija-gate \Pverb\p to reproach or scold harshly and vehemently. \Bobjurgation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoblate (1)\h
\Padjective\p (of something nearly spherical) flattened at top and bottom, like the earth.
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\Hoblate (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a person dedicated to religious life or work, without having taken official vows.
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\Hoblation\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1blay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a religious or charitable offering. \Boblatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\ila-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hobligated\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\ili-gatid \Pverb\p morally or legally bound: 'you are \Iobligated\j\b\i to pay this fine'.
\IBiology:\j\b\i (of an organism) restricted to a particular type of life, as some parasites that must live with a certain host.
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\Hobligation\h
\Isay\j\b\i obli-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which one is or feels obliged, required etc. to do: 'she felt an \Iobligation\j\b\i not to smoke in the doctor's waiting room'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a debt, especially of gratitude: 'I am under an \Iobligation\j\b\i to you for all your kindness'. \Bobligatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ob\CX1ligg\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, required or compulsory; \Bobligatorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hoblige\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be or make compulsory: 'students are \Iobliged\j\b\i to attend all lessons'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to place under a debt of gratitude: 'I am \Iobliged\j\b\i to you for all your help'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to do a favour for: 'the singer \Iobliged\j\b\i the audience with another song'. \Bobliging\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, helpful, polite or kind; \Bobligingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobligingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoblique\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1bleek\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i slanting or sloping.
\CX12.\j\b\i not straight or direct.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Ioblique\j\b\i answers irritated the interviewer and the audience' (= indirect, evasive).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i having unequal sides, e.g. a leaf.
\CX12.\j\b\i regardless or unaware: 'he seems \Ioblivious\j\b\i of the noise'. \Bobliviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bobliviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hoblong\h
\Padjective\p elongated, especially having a greater length than width.
\Boblong\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a rectangle, usually having a greater length than width.
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\Hobloquy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\ila-kwee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i abuse, blame or reproach.
\CX12.\j\b\i disgrace or subjection to abuse.
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\Hobnoxious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1nok\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p offensive or unpleasant. \Bobnoxiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobnoxiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoboe\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a double-reed, wooden wind instrument having a slender conical tube. \Boboist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the oboe.
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\Hobscene\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1seen\j\b\i \Padjective\p indecent or morally offensive. \Bobscenely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobscenity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1senn\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being obscene, b) anything which is obscene or offensive.
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\Hobscurantism\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-skew-\CX1rant\j\b\iizm \Pnoun\p an opposition to intellectual achievement, inquiry or knowledge. \Bobscurantist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hobscure\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1skewer\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i dim or hard to see: 'an \Iobscure\j\b\i shape in the shadows'.
\CX12.\j\b\i hard to understand: 'the meaning of the book is too \Iobscure\j\b\i for me'.
\CX13.\j\b\i not well known: 'the stranger had an \Iobscure\j\b\i, mysterious past'. \Bobscure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make dark or unclear; \Bobscurity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being obscure, b) darkness; \Bobscurely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1see\j\b\ikwi-us \Padjective\p servile or excessively humble in manner. \Bobsequiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobsequiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobservance\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1zer\j\b\i-v'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of obeying or following a law, custom, etc.: '\Iobservance\j\b\i of the law is enforced by police'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular procedure, custom or ceremony: 'a day of religious \Iobservances\j\b\i'.
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\Hobservant\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1zer\j\b\i-v'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i alert or quick to notice: 'it was very \Iobservant\j\b\i of you to notice the button fall'.
\CX12.\j\b\i watchful or attentive: 'if you were more \Iobservant\j\b\i, you would not make those mistakes'. \Bobservantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobservation\h
\Isay\j\b\i obza-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of observing or watching: 'close \Iobservation\j\b\i of detail'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a remark or comment.
\CX13.\j\b\i any information or record gained by observing or watching: 'weather \Iobservations\j\b\i'. \Bobservational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hobservatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob\CX1zerv\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a room or building fitted with apparatus for observing stars, weather, etc., usually equipped with telescopes.
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\Hobserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1zerv\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to watch or look at: '\Iobserve\j\b\i carefully how I do it'; b) 'I only came to \Iobserve\j\b\i the meeting, not take part'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'do you \Iobserve\j\b\i Christmas in your country?' (= pay tribute to, celebrate).
b) 'you must \Iobserve\j\b\i the road laws' (= obey).
\CX12.\j\b\i to comment or remark. \Bobserver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who observes, especially as distinct from taking part; \Bobservable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be seen or noticed; \Bobservably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobsess\h
\Pverb\p to occupy or dominate the thoughts or feelings continually: 'he was \Iobsessed\j\b\i by a fear of burglars'. \Bobsessive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to obsess; \Bobsession\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something which obsesses or haunts, b) the state of being obsessed or haunted; \Bobsessional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iobsessus\j\b\i besieged
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\Hobsidian\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a usually black, natural glass produced in small amounts by volcanoes, much used by primitive people for weapons and tools.
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\Hobsolete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\isa-leet \Padjective\p out-of-date or no longer used. \Bobsolescent\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i obsa-\CX1less\j\b\i'nt), \Iadjective\j\b\i, becoming obsolete; \Bobsolescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobstacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\isti-k'l \Pnoun\p something which stands in the way or obstructs.
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\Hobstetrics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1stet\j\b\iriks \Pnoun\p the study and care of women before, during and after childbirth. Compare \Jgynaecology\j\b\i. \Bobstetric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bobstetrician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i obsta-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobstinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\isti-nit \Padjective\p a) stubborn: 'she persisted with her \Iobstinate\j\b\i refusal'. b) difficult to manage, control, etc.: 'it is impossible to handle such an \Iobstinate\j\b\i horse'. \Bobstinacy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\i-stinna-see), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bobstinately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobstreperous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob\CX1streppa\j\b\i-rus \Padjective\p unruly or noisily resisting control.
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\Hobstruct\h
\Pverb\p to block, close up or make difficult to proceed, pass, etc.: a) 'the fallen rocks \Iobstructed\j\b\i our path'; b) 'the Opposition members tried to \Iobstruct\j\b\i the legislation'. \Bobstruction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of obstructing or hindering, b) anything which obstructs or blocks; \Bobstructive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bobstructiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobstructionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1struk\j\b\i-sh'n-ist \Pnoun\p a person who deliberately obstructs, especially in legislation, etc. \Bobstructionism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobtain\h
\Pverb\p to come to possess, especially as a result of effort or asking: 'did you \Iobtain\j\b\i permission to ride the horse?'. \Bobtainable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hobtrude\h
\Pverb\p to intrude or push oneself forward without warrant or request. \Bobtrusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1troo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bobtrusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bobtrusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobtuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i ob-\CX1tewce\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not sharp or acute.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Iobtuse\j\b\i answers to such simple questions embarrassed us' (= stupid, unintelligent).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to an angle greater than a right angle but less than two right angles (between 90░ and 180░). \Bobtusely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobtuseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bobtuse\j\b\i, \Babstruse\j\b\i should not be confused: \Iobtuse\j\b\i means stupid or slow in understanding: 'an \Iobtuse\j\b\i student'; whereas \Iabstruse\j\b\i means obscure or difficult to understand: 'an \Iabstruse\j\b\i academic debate'.
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\Hobverse\h
\Padjective\p facing towards the observer.
\Bobverse\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a matching or duplicate part, situation, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main face of a coin, medal or postage stamp. Compare \Jreverse\j\b\i. \Bobversely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hobviate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ob\j\b\i-vee-ate \Pverb\p to get rid of or prevent difficulties, objections, etc. \Bobviation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hobvious\h
\Padjective\p easily seen or understood. \Bobviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bobviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoccasion\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1kay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular time: 'we have met on several \Ioccasions\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a special or important event, time, etc.: 'on the \Ioccasion\j\b\i of your wedding'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I would like to meet her if the \Ioccasion\j\b\i arises' (= opportunity).
\CX13.\j\b\i the cause or reason for some action or result: 'what was the \Ioccasion\j\b\i of his dismissal from the job?'.
\Brise to the occasion\j\b\i, to show oneself able to deal with matters. \Boccasion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause or bring about.
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\Hoccasional\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1kay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n-al \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i happening from time to time: '\Ioccasional\j\b\i rain fell but did not stop the match'.
\CX12.\j\b\i designed for special events: 'the poet laureate writes \Ioccasional\j\b\i verse for royal or national events'. \Boccasionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, now and then.
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\Hoccident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\isi-d'nt \Pnoun\p the west or regions in the west. Compare \Jorient\j\b\i. \Boccidental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Boccidental\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (usually capital) an inhabitant of Europe or America. Latin \Ioccidens\j\b\i the west, sunset
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\Hocclude\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1klood\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to close, obstruct or block up.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of a solid) to absorb or adsorb and retain gases. \Bocclusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hoccluded front\h
also called an \Bocclusion\j\b\i
\IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jfront\j\b\i.
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\Hocclusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1kloo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the state of being occluded, e.g. the contact between teeth when the jaws are closed.
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\Hoccult\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\i-ult \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i mysterious, supernatural or beyond the scope of human knowledge: 'spiritualism is an \Ioccult\j\b\i science'.
\CX12.\j\b\i secret or esoteric.
\Boccult\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any occult science, study or practice.
\CX12.\j\b\i that which is mysterious or related to magic and the supernatural. \Boccultism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the study of the occult; \Boccultist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ioccultus\j\b\i hidden
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\Hoccupant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\i-yoo-p'nt \Pnoun\p a person who occupies a place, position or building. \Boccupancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the fact of being an occupant, b) the act or time of occupying.
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\Hoccupation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ok-yoo-\CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a regular activity, especially a person's employment or job.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act or time of occupying: 'the people resisted the \Ioccupation\j\b\i of their country by the enemy'; b) the state of being occupied: '\Ioccupation\j\b\i with the task took all his attention'. \Boccupational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to an occupation or activity.
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\Hoccupational therapy\h
\IMedicine:\j\b\i a type of therapy designed to assist recovery from illness or injury by exercising the mind and muscles with handicrafts, painting, etc.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the very large area of salt water which covers about 71 per cent of the earth's surface. b) a major division of this: 'the Pacific \IOcean\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very large area or amount: 'an \Iocean\j\b\i of faces in the crowd'. \Boceanic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-shee-\CX1ann\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to the ocean, b) vast or enormous.
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\Hoceanography\h
\Isay\j\b\i o'sh'n-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the study of oceans and ocean beds, a branch of geography. \Boceanographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hocelot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\ia-lot \Pnoun\p a small, leopard-like mammal found in South and Central America. American Indian
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\Hochre\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i poker \Pnoun\p ocher \CX11.\j\b\i any of various types of earth, ranging from pale yellow to reddish-brown, used as pigments.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellowish-brown colour. \Bochre\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iokhros\j\b\i pale yellow
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\Hocker\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a man who behaves in a way thought to be characteristic of Australians.
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\Ho'clock\h
\Padverb\p of or by the clock: 'the time is two \Io'clock\j\b\i'.
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\Hocta-\h
a prefix meaning eight, as in \Ioctagon\j\b\i. A variant is \Bocto-\j\b\i, as in \Ioctopus\j\b\i. Greek, Latin
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\Hoctagon\h
\Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with eight straight sides. \Boctagonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ok-\CX1tagg\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hoctahedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i okta-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a solid or hollow body with eight plane faces. \Boctahedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hoctane\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of 18 isomeric hydrocarbons (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I8\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I18\j\b\i).
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\Hoctant\h
\Pnoun\p a sector equal to an eighth of a circle or an eighth of the circumference.
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\Hoctave\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i an interval of eight steps. The frequency of any note is half that of the same note one octave higher.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i a stanza with eight lines.
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\Hoctavo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ok-\CX1tah\j\b\i-vo \Pnoun\p a paper size achieved by folding a sheet into eight.
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\Hoctet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of eight singers or musicians. b) a musical composition for eight musicians or instruments.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i an octave.
\CX13.\j\b\i any group of eight people or things.
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\Hocto-\h
a variant of the prefix \Bocta-\j\b\i.
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\HOctober\h
\Pnoun\p the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. Latin, the eighth month of the Roman calendar
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\Hoctogenarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i okta-j'n-\CX1air\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a person who is over 80 but less than 90 years old. \Boctogenarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being 80 years old, b) being between 80 and 90 years old. Latin \Ioctogeni\j\b\i eighty each
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\Hoctopus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Boctopuses\j\b\i or \Boctopi\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\ita-pie)
a marine animal having a soft body and eight long tentacles with suckers \Bocto\j\b\i- + Greek \Ipous\j\b\i foot
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\Hocular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p of or relating to the eye. \Bocular\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the eyepiece of an optical instrument.
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\Hoculist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\i-yoo-list \Pnoun\p See \Jophthalmologist\j\b\i. Latin \Ioculus\j\b\i eye
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\Hodd\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i puzzlingly different from the usual or normal.
\CX12.\j\b\i not matching: '\Iodd\j\b\i socks'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i having a remainder of one when divided by two, e.g. 3, 5, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i extra or additional: 'three dollars and a few \Iodd\j\b\i cents'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he does gardening and \Iodd\j\b\i jobs around the house' (= not fixed, occasional).
b) 'there were \Ififty-odd\j\b\i people at the lecture' (= about fifty). \Boddly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in an odd or unusual manner; \Boddness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boddity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is odd.
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\Hoddment\h
\Pnoun\p an object or part which is left over, part of an incomplete set, etc.: '\Ioddments\j\b\i of dressmaking fabric'.
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\Hodds\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ratio of the money placed on a bet and the money that would be received as winning payment.
\CX12.\j\b\i chances or possibilities: 'what are the \Iodds\j\b\i that the lost child will be found?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the chances of winning or losing: 'she's fighting against fearful \Iodds\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe at odds\j\b\i, to disagree or quarrel.
\Bodds-on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) almost certain.
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\Hodds and ends\h
any remaining or miscellaneous bits.
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\Hode\h
\Pnoun\p a lyric poem often in exalted style, addressed to someone or something.
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\Hodious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-dee-us \Padjective\p hateful or repulsive. \Bodium\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an intense hatred or disgust, b) reproach or discredit connected with something hateful.
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\Hodontology\h
\Isay\j\b\i odd-on-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the science or study of the anatomy, growth and diseases of teeth. \Bodontologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bodontological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i oddonta-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hodour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p a smell or scent. \Bodoriferous\j\b\i, \Bodorous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, having an odour, especially a pleasant one; \Bodorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hodyssey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1odd\j\b\ii-see \Pnoun\p a long wandering or series of wanderings. after \IOdysseus\j\b\i, a hero in Greek mythology who wandered for ten years
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\Hoedema\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1dee\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bedema\j\b\i
also called \Bdropsy\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i an excess of fluid in the tissues.
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\HOedipus complex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\idipus kompleks \IPsychology:\j\b\i the complex of emotions said by Freud to occur when a boy adores his mother so much that he becomes jealous of and hostile to his father, often unconsciously. See \Jelectra complex\j\b\i. after \IOedipus\j\b\i, a king of Thebes in Greek mythology, who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother
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\Hoenology\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-a-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of wines. \Boenologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Ho'er\h
\Padverb\p, preposition an old word for over.
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\Hoesophagus\h
\Isay\j\b\i ee-\CX1soff\j\b\ia-gus \Pnoun\p plural is \Boesophagi\j\b\i
in America spelt \Besophagus\j\b\i
also called the \Bgullet\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach and through which food passes.
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\Hoestrogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ees\j\b\itra-jen \Pnoun\p a female sex hormone secreted in mammals by the ovaries, which controls part of the oestrous cycle.
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\Hoestrous cycle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\istrus \CX1sigh\j\b\i-k'l \IBiology:\j\b\i the reproductive cycle in a mature female mammal, which recurs in the absence of pregnancy and involves ovulation, increased sexual urge and changes in the uterus.
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\Hoestrus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ee\j\b\istrus \Pnoun\p also called \Bheat\j\b\i or \Brut\j\b\i
the period of increased sexual urge during the oestrous cycle.
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\Hof\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i a word used to indicate the following:
a) (material, contents) 'a packet \Iof\j\b\i soap'.
b) (distance, separation) 'a few kilometres west \Iof\j\b\i here'.
c) (inclusion, possession) 'a cousin \Iof\j\b\i ours'.
d) (origin, production, source) 'the sonnets \Iof\j\b\i Shakespeare'.
e) (cause) 'the dog died \Iof\j\b\i grief'.
f) (identity, name) 'the city \Iof\j\b\i Melbourne'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having: 'he is a man \Iof\j\b\i fine taste'.
\CX13.\j\b\i about or concerning: 'let's talk \Iof\j\b\i a more happy event'.
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\Hoff\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i away from: a) 'the vase fell \Ioff\j\b\i the desk'; b) 'he is \Ioff\j\b\i work until he recovers completely'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the shop is in a lane \Ioff\j\b\i King Street' (= leading out of).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I am \Ioff\j\b\i chocolate until I lose weight' (= abstaining from).
c) 'all goods are selling for 10 per cent \Ioff\j\b\i the usual price' (= less than).
d) 'the champion seemed to be \Ioff\j\b\i her game today' (= not up to the usual standard of).
\CX12.\j\b\i from or with what is provided: 'the survivors had lived \Ioff\j\b\i the island fruits for many months'.
\Boff\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i so as to be no longer in place, attached or in contact: a) 'she took \Ioff\j\b\i his coat'; b) 'please switch \Ioff\j\b\i the lights before you leave'.
\CX12.\j\b\i away: a) 'she drove \Ioff\j\b\i quickly'; b) 'Christmas is only a month \Ioff\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our employees get five weeks \Ioff\j\b\i a year' (= free from work).
b) 'this spray will kill \Ioff\j\b\i all insect pests' (= completely, successfully).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe off\j\b\i, 'we must \Ibe off\j\b\i before it gets dark' (= leave).
\CX13.\j\b\i \Bon and off\j\b\i, \Boff and on\j\b\i, See \Jon\j\b\i.
\Boff\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i disconnected: 'is the wireless \Ioff\j\b\i?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the party is \Ioff\j\b\i because of rain' (= cancelled).
b) 'your guess was \Ioff\j\b\i' (= wrong).
c) 'this milk is \Ioff\j\b\i' (= bad).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i being on the same side of the field as the batsman's bat: 'fielding on the \Ioff\j\b\i side'. Compare \Jleg\j\b\i. \Boff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being off, b) (Cricket) the off side; \Boff!\j\b\i, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, leave! go away!
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\Hoffal\h
\Pnoun\p the intestines, heart, kidneys, liver, etc. of an animal, often eaten for their nutritional value.
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\Hoff-beat\h
\Padjective\p unconventional.
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\Hoff-chance\h
\Pnoun\p a remote possibility.
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\Hoff-colour\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i defective in colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) slightly unwell.
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\Hoffence\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Boffense\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a crime or transgression: 'it is an \Ioffence\j\b\i to smoke in this theatre'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the state of being offended: 'he took \Ioffence\j\b\i at what I said'. b) something which offends: 'the rubbish tip is an \Ioffence\j\b\i to the neighbourhood'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of attacking: 'weapons of \Ioffence\j\b\i'.
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\Hoffend\h
\Pverb\p to hurt or cause resentment: 'her abrupt manner \Ioffends\j\b\i many people'. \Boffender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who offends, especially one who breaks the law.
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\Hoffensive\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i offending the mind or feelings.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to an attack or aggression. \Boffensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boffensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boffensive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an attacking position or action.
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\Hoffer\h
\Pverb\p to put forward for acceptance or rejection: a) 'she \Ioffered\j\b\i a suggestion'; b) 'how much will you \Ioffer\j\b\i for the house?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the antique shop \Ioffered\j\b\i old cups and saucers' (= presented for sale). \Boffer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hoffering\h
\Pnoun\p anything offered or given.
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\Hoffertory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1off\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p an offering, such as the collection of money taken during a church service.
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\Hoffhand\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i without previous thought or preparation: 'an \Ioffhand\j\b\i guess'.
\CX12.\j\b\i disdainful or abrupt in manner: 'her \Ioffhand\j\b\i refusal irritated me'.
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\Hoffice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a room or building where administrative work, professional duties, etc. are carried out. b) the staff working in such a place.
\CX12.\j\b\i the duty, function or position of a particular person: 'he holds the \Ioffice\j\b\i of secretary to the football club'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a department or branch of an organisation: a) 'a Post \IOffice\j\b\i'; b) 'the ticket \Ioffice\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a religious service or set of prayers, etc.
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\Hoffice-bearer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who holds office.
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\Hofficer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1off\j\b\ii-sa \Pnoun\p a person having a position of rank and authority, e.g. in the armed forces, police force, etc.
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\Hofficial\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, relating to, or authorised by a recognised authority: a) 'the President has \Iofficial\j\b\i powers'; b) 'this is the first \Iofficial\j\b\i report'.
\CX12.\j\b\i formal or ceremonious: 'an \Iofficial\j\b\i dinner was held for the Princess'.
\Bofficial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who holds a position, especially in a large organisation. \Bofficially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hofficialdom\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l-dum \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all officials.
\CX12.\j\b\i the practices or policies characteristic of officials.
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\Hofficialese\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-fisha-\CX1leez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a style of writing or speaking said to be characteristic of officials and considered to be too complicated or difficult to understand.
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\Hofficiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1fish\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to carry out special duties, such as performing the office of a priest or minister, taking charge of a meeting, etc. \Bofficiator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p \Bin the offing\j\b\i, likely to occur, or appear.
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\Hoff-licence\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a shop where alcohol is sold to be drunk elsewhere.
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\Hoff-limits\h
\Padjective\p out of bounds.
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\Hoff-line\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a computer or peripheral) a) not able to be in communication with a computer. b) not able to be controlled by a computer. Compare \Jon-line\j\b\i.
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\Hoffload\h
\Pverb\p to unload.
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\Hoff-peak\h
\Padjective\p not at its maximum degree of activity, etc.: '\Ioff-peak\j\b\i traffic'.
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\Hoff-putting\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) discouraging or disconcerting.
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\Hoff-season\h
\Pnoun\p the time of year that is not the most popular for a thing or activity.
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\Hoffset\h
\Pverb\p (\Boffset\j\b\i, \Boffsetting\j\b\i)
to compensate for or balance out: 'the company's small profit could not \Ioffset\j\b\i the previous losses'.
\Boffset\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something that compensates.
\CX12.\j\b\i a method of printing in which the image is transferred from the plate onto paper by a rubber-covered cylinder.
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\Hoffshoot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that branches out or originates from a particular source, such as a shoot from the main stem of a plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i a by-product.
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\Hoffshore\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i off or away from the shore: 'an \Ioffshore\j\b\i breeze blew the raft out to sea'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at a distance from the shore.
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\Hoffside\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) of or relating to the right-hand side of a vehicle where traffic drives on the left. b) the right side of a horse. Compare \Jnearside\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRugby:\j\b\i being so placed in front of the opponents' goal that one incurs a penalty if one touches the ball.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i being on the side of the field which is facing the batsman's feet when he or she is receiving a ball.
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\Hoffsider\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a partner, friend or assistant.
\Pverb\p to stare at, especially in an amorous or flirtatious way. \Bogle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hogre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mythological giant supposed to eat human flesh.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is cruel, unpleasant or frightening. \Bogrish\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-grish), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bogress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of ogre.
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\Hohm\h
\Isay\j\b\i ome \Pnoun\p the SI unit of electrical resistance. after \IG. S. Ohm\j\b\i, 1787-1854, a German physicist
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\H-oid\h
a suffix of \Pnoun\ps and \Padjective\ps indicating similarity, as in \Iasteroid\j\b\i. Greek \Ieidos\j\b\i form
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\Hoil\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of a large group of substances which are liquid at 20░C, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and used to make a wide variety of products, such as ointments, fuel, lubricants, etc. b) any similar substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an oil paint. b) an oil painting.
\Bpour oil on troubled waters\j\b\i, to calm or pacify.
\Boil\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to smear or lubricate with oil.
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\Hoilcake\h
\Pnoun\p a mass of linseed or cottonseed after the oil has been extracted, used as fodder for cattle or as a fertiliser.
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\Hoilcloth\h
\Pnoun\p any fabric made waterproof by using oil.
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\Hoilfield\h
\Pnoun\p any area where oil is found.
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\Hoil paint\h
a mixture of pigment and oil for painting. \Boil painting\j\b\i, a work produced with oil paints.
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\Hoilskin\h
\Pnoun\p a) a fabric treated with oil to make it waterproof. b) any clothes made from this fabric.
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\Hoily\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, like or covered with oil.
\CX12.\j\b\i too smooth or fawning in speech or manner.
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\Hointment\h
\Pnoun\p any substance, such as a paste, cream or liquid, usually medicated, applied to the skin.
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\HOK\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1kay\j\b\i \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p also spelt \Bokay\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) all right; correct.
\BOK\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to endorse or approve something. \BOK\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an approval or endorsement. \Bok\j\b\i is of uncertain origin. It seems most likely that it was a humorous American spelling of 'all correct' - 'orl korrekt'. In 1840, a year after \IOK\j\b\i became established, it was used as an election slogan by American presidential candidate Martin Van Buren, whose nickname was Old Kinderhook, OK for short, after his birthplace of Kinderhook in New York State.
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\Hokra\h
\Pnoun\p a tall West African herb, the pods of which are cooked and eaten.
#
\Hold\h
\Padjective\p (\Bolder\j\b\i or \Belder\j\b\i, \Boldest\j\b\i or \Beldest\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i having existed or lived for a relatively long time: 'he was an \Iold\j\b\i man of 98 when he died'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'an \Iold\j\b\i head on young shoulders' (= mature, sensible).
b) 'I met an \Iold\j\b\i school friend yesterday' (= former).
c) 'he always uses the same \Iold\j\b\i excuse' (= familiar, worn-out).
\CX12.\j\b\i having a specified age: 'she could read when she was three years \Iold\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i dear or cherished through long association: a) 'good \Iold\j\b\i Tim'; b) 'the \Iold\j\b\i country'.
\Bold\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
former times: 'we studied the kings and queens of \Iold\j\b\i'.
#
\Hold boy\h
a) (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a former member of a particular boys' school: 'I am going to an \IOld Boys'\j\b\i reunion'. b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a term of affection: 'John, \Iold boy\j\b\i, can you lend me a tie?'
\Bold boy network\j\b\i, favouritism, e.g. in filling a vacancy, owing to the tendency of old boys of the same school to help each other, possibly to the detriment of others or of efficiency.
#
\Holden\h
\Padjective\p a poetic word for old.
#
\HOld English\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jenglish\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i See \Jgothic\j\b\i.
#
\Hold-fashioned\h
\Padjective\p out-of-date or no longer fashionable.
#
\Hold girl\h
a) (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a former member of a particular girls' school: 'she gave the job to an \IOld Girl\j\b\i of the same school'. b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a term of affection: 'she was a grand \Iold girl\j\b\i and was well-known for her good works'.
#
\Hold hat\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) old-fashioned.
#
\HOld Master\h
a) any of the leading or distinguished early European painters, especially from the 15th to the 18th century. b) a painting by such an artist.
#
\Hold school tie\h
a) a tie indicating a person's former independent school. b) the alleged traditionalism and clannishness of the wearers of these.
#
\HOld Testament\h
\IReligion:\j\b\i the first part of the Bible, containing the Jewish scriptures. Compare \Jnew testament\j\b\i.
#
\Hold-timer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who has lived, resided, been a member, etc. for a very long time.
#
\Hold wives' tale\h
a traditional, superstitious belief.
#
\HOld World\h
the countries in Europe, western Asia and north Africa. \Bold-world\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to past times, b) of or relating to the Old World.
#
\Holeaginous\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-lee-\CX1aj\j\b\iinus \Padjective\p oily or greasy.
#
\Holeander\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-lee-\CX1an\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, poisonous, evergreen shrubs with delicate white or pink flowers.
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\Holefines\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-lee-fins plural \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jalkenes\j\b\i.
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\Holfactory\h
\Isay\j\b\i ol-\CX1fak\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p of or relating to the sense of smell.
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\Holigarchy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oll\j\b\ii-gar-kee \Pnoun\p a) a government in which a small group of people has power. b) a country with this form of government. \Boligarchic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i olli-\CX1gar\j\b\ikik), \Boligarchical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Boligarch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HOligocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i ol\CX1lig\j\b\io-seen \Ior\j\b\i \CX1oll\j\b\ia-ga-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jtertiary\j\b\i.
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\Holive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oll\j\b\iiv \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, green or black, oval fruit with a stone, usually pickled or crushed for its oil.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep, yellowish or brownish-green colour. \Bolive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Holive branch\h
something offered as a symbol of peace.
#
\Holivine\h
\Isay\j\b\i olliv-\CX1een\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a dense, common mineral (magnesium silicate), occurring in olive green masses in basic igneous rocks.
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\H-ologist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oll\j\b\ia-jist a variant of the suffix \B-logist\j\b\i.
#
\H-ology\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee a variant of the suffix \B-logy\j\b\i.
#
\HOlympian\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1limp\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who competes in the Olympic games.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i any of the gods, believed to have lived on Mount Olympus. \BOlympian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i
#
\Hombudsman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1om\j\b\i-b\Iu\j\b\idz-man \Pnoun\p a government official appointed to investigate complaints by individuals against the government or public service. Swedish, legal representative
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\Homega\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1omm\j\b\iiga \Ior\j\b\i o-\CX1mee\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet.
\CX12.\j\b\i the end of anything. Compare \Jalpha\j\b\i.
#
\Homelette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1om\j\b\ilet \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bomelet\j\b\i
a quantity of eggs beaten and then lightly fried, often eaten with a sweet or savoury filling.
#
\Homen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-men \Pnoun\p a sign of a coming event, often regarded as a threat or warning: 'a bad \Iomen\j\b\i'. \Bomen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hominous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1omm\j\b\ii-nus \Padjective\p threatening or suggesting evil \Bominously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to leave out or fail to do something. \Bomission\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1mish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Homni-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1om\j\b\i-nee a prefix meaning all, as in \Iomnipresent\j\b\i. Latin
#
\Homnibus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1om\j\b\i-nee-bus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bus.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single book containing several works on a particular topic or by one author. \Bomnibus\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, covering several items or purposes. Latin, for all
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\Homnipotent\h
\Isay\j\b\i om-\CX1nipp\j\b\ia-t'nt \Padjective\p having greater unlimited power. \Bomnipotence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Homnipresent\h
\Isay\j\b\i om-nee-\CX1prezz\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p present in all places at the same time. \Bomnipresence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Homniscient\h
\Isay\j\b\i om-\CX1niss\j\b\ii-ent \Padjective\p having unlimited knowledge. \Bomniscience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bomnisciently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Homnivorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i om-\CX1nivv\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p (of an organism) eating all types of food.
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\Hon\h
preposition a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i (support, contact) a) 'the book \Ion\j\b\i the desk'; b) 'the child scribbled \Ion\j\b\i the wall'; c) 'a scar \Ion\j\b\i the face'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (time, occasion) a) '\Ion\j\b\i Monday'; b) '\Ion\j\b\i my arrival home'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (about, concerning) 'a discussion \Ion\j\b\i conservation'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (association, activity) a) 'to sit \Ion\j\b\i a jury'; b) 'to go \Ion\j\b\i holiday' c) 'be \Ion\j\b\i your best behaviour'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (direction) '\Ion\j\b\i the left'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (basis, reason) '\Ion\j\b\i good authority'.
\CX17.\j\b\i (proximity) a) 'a town \Ion\j\b\i the river'; b)'just \Ion\j\b\i a year ago'.
\CX13.\j\b\i towards: 'we looked \Ion\j\b\i while they worked'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Band so on\j\b\i, \Band so forth\j\b\i, See \Jso\j\b\i.
\Bon and off\j\b\i, \Boff and on\j\b\i, intermittently.
\Bon and on\j\b\i, without stopping.
\Bon\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i operating: 'the heating is \Ion\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'is anything \Ion\j\b\i tomorrow?' (= occurring).
b) 'what days are you \Ion\j\b\i this week?' (= working).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i being on the side of the field which is behind the batsman.
\Bon to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) aware of or informed about. \Bon, upon\j\b\i can be used interchangeably, but the shorter form, \Ion\j\b\i, is often preferred. \IUpon\j\b\i is sometimes used for its more elegant or poetic quality.
#
\Honce\h
\Isay\j\b\i wunce \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i formerly: 'a \Ionce\j\b\i powerful nation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at a single time '\Ionce\j\b\i a week'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bonce and for all\j\b\i, finally and decisively.
\Bonce upon a time\j\b\i, a long time ago.
\Bonce\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a single occasion: '\Ionce\j\b\i is enough'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball at once\j\b\i, suddenly.
\Bat once\j\b\i, a) immediately; b) at the same time. \Bonce\j\b\i, \Iconjunction\j\b\i, whenever.
#
\Honce-over\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a quick or superficial inspection.
#
\Honcogene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1onk\j\b\i-ojeen \Pnoun\p a gene which is involved in the production of cancer cells.
\Isay\j\b\i wun \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being an individual, unit or object.
\CX12.\j\b\i being a particular instance of a number: a) '\Ione\j\b\i member of a group' b) '\Ione\j\b\i evening last week'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Ione\j\b\i Fred Brown was chosen' (= a certain).
b) 'we will meet again \Ione\j\b\i day' (= some future).
\Ball one\j\b\i, all the same.
\Bone\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 1 in Arabic numerals, I in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i single person or thing: 'please give me \Ione\j\b\i of those'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bone and all\j\b\i, everybody.
\Bone by one\j\b\i, singly and in succession.
\Bone\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a particular person or thing: 'she's the only musical \Ione\j\b\i in the family'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person: a) 'he is not \Ione\j\b\i to be easily frightened'; b) '\Ione\j\b\i cannot always find time for reading'.
#
\Hone-armed bandit\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a poker machine.
#
\Hone-eyed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) biased.
#
\Hone-horse\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) small or unimportant: 'a \Ione-horse\j\b\i town'.
#
\Honeness\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wun\j\b\i-n'ss \Pnoun\p agreement or unity of thought, purpose, etc.
#
\Honerous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-na-rus \Ior\j\b\i \CX1onn\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p heavy or burdensome: 'the \Ionerous\j\b\i task of looking after little brothers and sisters'. \Bonerously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bonerousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Honeself\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bone\j\b\i: 'to wash \Ioneself\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bone\j\b\i: 'one did it \Ioneself\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i one's normal or usual self.
#
\Hone-sided\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i considering only one aspect of a matter: 'a \Ione-sided\j\b\i view of the situation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ione-sided\j\b\i fight' (= not equal).
\CX12.\j\b\i having or occurring on only one side.
#
\Hone-time\h
\Padjective\p former: 'a \Ione-time\j\b\i friend.'
#
\Hone-track\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a single track.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) restricted to one subject: 'a \Ione-track\j\b\i mind'.
#
\Hone-upmanship\h
\Pnoun\p the art of slyly disconcerting others in order to appear superior, e.g. by competitive name-dropping.
#
\Hongoing\h
\Padjective\p continuing: 'their different religious beliefs were the source of \Iongoing\j\b\i hostility'.
#
\Honion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1un\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a small to medium-sized, brown or white bulb which has a strong taste and smell and is used as a vegetable.
#
\Hon-line\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a computer or peripheral) a) able to be in communication with a computer. b) able to be controlled by a computer. Compare \Joff-line\j\b\i.
#
\Honlooker\h
\Pnoun\p a spectator.
#
\Honly\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i lonely \Padjective\p being the single one in a class or group: 'he is the \Ionly\j\b\i millionaire I know'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is an \Ionly\j\b\i child' (= without brothers or sisters).
\Bonly\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i without anyone or anything else; alone: '\Ionly\j\b\i Peter was late'.
\CX12.\j\b\i no more than: a) 'the baby can \Ionly\j\b\i crawl'; b) 'if I could \Ionly\j\b\i go; c) 'she is \Ionly\j\b\i ten years old'.
\Bonly\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
except: 'I like that car, \Ionly\j\b\i it is too expensive to buy'.
#
\Honomatopoeia\h
\Isay\j\b\i onna-matta-\CX1pee\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p the formation of a word whose sound suggests its meaning, as in hiss, buzz etc. \Bonomatopoeic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i onna-matta-\CX1pee\j\b\i-ik), \Bonomatopoetic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Ionoma\j\b\i name + \Ipoiein\j\b\i to make
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\Honrush\h
\Pnoun\p a strong forward rush.
#
\Honset\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an attack.
\CX12.\j\b\i a beginning: 'at the \Ionset\j\b\i of rain the players left the field'.
#
\Honslaught\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\i-slawt \Pnoun\p an attack, especially a fierce or violent one.
#
\Hontology\h
\Isay\j\b\i on-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the study of being or existence. \Bontological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i onta-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bontologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Honus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-nus \Pnoun\p a burden of responsibility. Latin
#
\Honward\h
\Padjective\p advancing ahead or forwards. \Bonwards\j\b\i, \Bonward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Honyx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1on\j\b\i-iks \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jchalcedony\j\b\i.
#
\Hoodles\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large quantity.
#
\Hooze (1)\h
\Pverb\p to flow or leak out slowly. \Boozy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) oozing moisture, b) damp with moisture.
#
\Hooze (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i the very fine mud found on the bottom of the ocean.
\CX12.\j\b\i any mud or slime. \Boozy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hopal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a naturally occurring hydrated, amorphous form of silica, often iridescent and used as a gem.
#
\Hopalescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1less\j\b\in't \Padjective\p having a shimmer of colours like that of opal. \Bopalescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hopaque\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1pake\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) not able to be seen through. b) not transmitting or reflecting light.
\CX12.\j\b\i obscure or difficult to understand. \Bopaquely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bopacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-tee), \Bopaqueness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hop art\h
a style of painting or sculpture which gives the impression of movement due to optical effects. Compare \Jpop art\j\b\i. \Bop\j\b\i(tical) + \Bart\j\b\i.
#
\Hopen\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i allowing unobstructed entrance and exit: 'the sheep wandered out of the \Iopen\j\b\i gate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not closed, covered or enclosed: a) 'an \Iopen\j\b\i jar'; b) 'the \Iopen\j\b\i countryside'.
\CX13.\j\b\i not decided or specified: a) 'with no clues, it was an \Iopen\j\b\i verdict'; b) 'fill this \Iopen\j\b\i cheque in for any amount you wish'.
\CX14.\j\b\i not limited or restricted: '\Iopen\j\b\i season'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'is the job you advertised still \Iopen\j\b\i?' (= available).
b) 'the shop is often \Iopen\j\b\i on Sundays' (= ready for business).
c) 'I admire his \Iopen\j\b\i manner' (= candid, unreserved).
d) 'her behaviour leaves her \Iopen\j\b\i to attack' (= liable, susceptible).
e) 'I have almost decided what to do, but I am still \Iopen\j\b\i to suggestions' (= receptive).
f) '\Iopen\j\b\i newspapers lay all over the floor' (= unfolded, spread out).
\Bopen\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to become or cause to become open.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iopened\j\b\i her birthday present' (= unwrapped).
b) 'the rooms \Iopen\j\b\i on to the verandah' (= have an outlet).
\Bopen\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any unenclosed area: 'we spent the day in the \Iopen\j\b\i'. \Bopener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or device that opens; \Bopenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hopen-and-shut\h
\Padjective\p obvious or easily decided: 'an \Iopen-and-shut\j\b\i case of murder'.
#
\Hopen circuit\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a circuit with a break in it, so that no electricity can flow.
#
\Hopen cut\h
a mine dug as an open hole in the ground.
#
\Hopen day\h
a day on which visitors are invited to look around a school, hospital, etc.
#
\Hopen-ended\h
\Padjective\p being organised so as to allow for various possibilities: 'an \Iopen-ended\j\b\i agreement'.
a) the fact of offering hospitality to all friends or visitors. b) a social event at which such hospitality exists.
#
\Hopening\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a beginning or first movement, such as the first performance of a play, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an open space: 'a small narrow \Iopening\j\b\i led into the secret passage'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a vacancy or opportunity: 'we have an \Iopening\j\b\i for an ambitious worker'.
#
\Hopenly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jopen\j\b\i.
#
\Hopen-minded\h
\Padjective\p unprejudiced and willing to consider new ideas, arguments, etc. \Bopen-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bopen-mindedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hopen-mouthed\h
\Padjective\p gaping with astonishment.
#
\Hopen-plan\h
\Padjective\p (of offices, houses, etc.) having few interior walls.
#
\Hopen secret\h
a matter which is supposed to be secret but is in fact generally known.
#
\Hopen shop\h
a factory where non-union labour can be employed. Compare \Jclosed shop\j\b\i.
#
\Hopen verdict\h
a verdict that an unknown person has committed a crime or that a cause for a violent death is not specified.
#
\Hopera (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\iera \Pnoun\p a) a play which is set to music. b) a performance of such a play. \Boperatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1ratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, labour
#
\Hopera (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\iera plural \Pnoun\p See \Jopus\j\b\i.
#
\Hoperable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be used or put into practice.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i capable of being cured or removed by surgery.
#
\Hopera glasses\h
a small pair of binoculars for use in the theatre.
#
\Hoperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to function: 'this computer \Ioperates\j\b\i much faster than the human brain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to use or control the functioning of : 'he \Ioperates\j\b\i the switchboard'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i to cut a body to remove or repair part of it.
#
\Hoperatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1ratt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p See \Jopera (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hoperating system\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdisk operating system\j\b\i.
#
\Hoperation\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or method of operating: 'your \Ioperation\j\b\i of the machine shows you are well trained'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being operative: 'the machine is out of \Ioperation\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a course or process of work, activity, etc., such as a planned military attack. \Boperational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to operations, b) fit for use.
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\Hoperational research\h
also called \Boperations research\j\b\i
the analysis of complex problems, whether military or industrial, which can be set out in quantitative terms, often performed with a computer. Compare \Jgame theory, time and motion study, war games\j\b\i.
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\Hoperative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\ira-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i operating or in effect: 'the law became \Ioperative\j\b\i last week'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'first we must try to formulate an \Ioperative\j\b\i plan' (= efficient).
b) 'compromise has been the \Ioperative\j\b\i word during the discussions' (= most significant).
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to surgical operations.
\Boperative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a worker.
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\Hoperator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\ia-rayta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who operates a mechanical device.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a shrewd, often unscrupulous, person.
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\Hoperetta\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1rett\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a short and simple form of opera, usually amusing.
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\Hophthalmic\h
\Isay\j\b\i off-\CX1thal\j\b\imik \Padjective\p of or relating to the eye.
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\Hophthalmologist\h
\Isay\j\b\i off-thal-\CX1moll\j\b\ia-jist \Pnoun\p also called an \Boculist\j\b\i
a doctor who treats diseases of the eye. \Bophthalmology\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iophthalmos\j\b\i eye + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hopiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-pee-it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any substance made from opium.
\CX12.\j\b\i any substance causing dullness or a feeling of lethargy.
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\Hopine\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1pine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to hold or express an opinion.
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\Hopinion\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1pin\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a belief, attitude or viewpoint: a) 'what is your \Iopinion\j\b\i of modern art?'; b) 'the lawyer advised me to seek a second \Iopinion\j\b\i'.
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\Hopinionated\h
\Padjective\p dogmatic or obstinately maintaining one's opinions.
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\Hopinion poll\h
a survey of public opinion, particularly voting intentions before an election.
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\Hopium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-pee-um \Pnoun\p the juice of certain poppies, containing morphine and other substances, used in medicine to relieve pain, induce sleep, etc. Greek \Iopos\j\b\i juice
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\Hopossum\h
\Pnoun\p any of various American tree-dwelling, omnivorous and mainly nocturnal mammals with hairless prehensile tails. Compare \Jpossum\j\b\i.
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\Hopponent\h
\Isay\j\b\i a-\CX1po\j\b\i-nent \Pnoun\p a person who is on the opposite side in a contest, argument, etc.
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\Hopportune\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1opp\j\b\ia-tewn \Padjective\p favourable or convenient: 'wait for the most \Iopportune\j\b\i moment'. \Bopportunely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hopportunism\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1tew\j\b\i-nizm \Pnoun\p the policy of taking advantage of situations, often involving the sacrifice of principles. \Bopportunist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hopportunity\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1tew\j\b\ina-tee \Pnoun\p a) a favourable or suitable time. b) a chance.
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\Hopportunity shop\h
short form is \Bop shop\j\b\i
a shop selling second-hand goods for charity, etc.
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\Hoppose\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to resist or be against: 'some people \Iopposed\j\b\i the introduction of daylight-saving'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to set against or put forward as a contrast: 'love is \Iopposed\j\b\i to hate'.
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\Hopposite\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i placed or situated directly facing a person or object: 'she sat at the \Iopposite\j\b\i end of the table to me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i entirely different: 'the \Iopposite\j\b\i direction'.
\Bopposite\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is opposite: 'north and south are \Iopposites\j\b\i'.
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\Hopposite number\h
a person who holds a corresponding position in another situation.
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\Hopposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i oppa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the state of being opposed: 'we all voted in \Iopposition\j\b\i to the new rule'.
\Bthe Opposition\j\b\i
\IParliament:\j\b\i the party or parties outside the ruling party who criticise and try to amend government decisions.
#
\Hoppress\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to treat cruelly or unjustly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to weigh down: 'he was \Ioppressed\j\b\i with worries'. \Boppression\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boppressor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that oppresses.
\Isay\j\b\i o\CX1pro\j\b\i-bree-um \Pnoun\p a) any disgrace arising from shameful conduct. b) a cause of this. \Bopprobrious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hoppugn\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1pewn\j\b\i \Pverb\p to argue against or call into question. Latin \Ioppugnare\j\b\i to fight against
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\Hopt\h
\Pverb\p to make a choice: 'although she was 16 she \Iopted\j\b\i for another year at school'.
\Bopt out\j\b\i, to decide not to participate.
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\Hoptical\h
\Padjective\p a) of or relating to the eye or the function of sight. Also called \Boptic\j\b\i. b) designed to assist vision: 'an \Ioptical\j\b\i lens'.
#
\Hoptical character recognition\h
short form is \BOCR\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a form of character recognition used by various devices which can recognise and identify characters by detecting patterns of light and dark and enable this information to be fed into a computer's memory. Compare \Jmagnetic ink character recognition\j\b\i. O(\Iptical\j\b\i) C(\Iharacter\j\b\i) R(\Iecognition\j\b\i)
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\Hoptical disk\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdisk\j\b\i.
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\Hoptical fibre\h
(of telecommunications) the thin glass filaments along which modulated light passes as signals. Compare \Jfibre optics\j\b\i.
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\Hoptical scanner\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a device that uses light-sensitive equipment to record the words and images of print, which can then be edited on screen or saved in the computer's memory.
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\Hoptician\h
\Isay\j\b\i op-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a person who makes or sells optical instruments, especially spectacles.
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\Hoptic nerve\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the nerve that carries visual messages from the eyes to the brain.
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\Hoptics\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of light and vision, a branch of physics.
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\Hoptimism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1op\j\b\iti-mizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tendency to look on the favourable or bright side of things.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that the universe is organised for the good of all, and must certainly improve. Compare \Jpessimism\j\b\i. \Boptimist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boptimistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i opti-\CX1mis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to take a hopeful or favourable view of things; \Boptimistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boptimise\j\b\i, \Boptimize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make the best of.
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\Hoptimum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1op\j\b\iti-m'm \Pnoun\p the best or most favourable.
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\Hoption\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1op\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the right or power to choose: 'I had no \Ioption\j\b\i but to accept their offer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of choosing. b) anything which is or may be chosen: 'there are only two \Ioptions\j\b\i available in this matter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the right to buy or sell something within a certain time on the stated terms. \Boptional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, open to choice; \Boptionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hoptometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i op-\CX1tomm\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p the practice or profession of testing the eyes for defects in vision, so that suitable spectacles can be prescribed. \Boptometrist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hopulent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1op\j\b\i-yoo-l'nt \Padjective\p rich or abundant, especially in wealth. \Bopulence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hopus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-p\Iu\j\b\is \Pnoun\p plural is \Bopera\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a written work, especially a musical composition.
\CX12.\j\b\i one of the compositions of a composer, numbered according to the order of publication. Latin
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\Hor\h
conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i used to connect alternatives: a) 'to be \Ior\j\b\i not to be'; b) 'either that dog goes, \Ior\j\b\i I go'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to connect synonyms or related words, phrases, etc.: 'a dollar \Ior\j\b\i 100 cents'.
\CX13.\j\b\i used to suggest uncertainty or approximation: 'there were 20 \Ior\j\b\i 30 people at the meeting'. See \Jeither\j\b\i.
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\H-or\h
a suffix indicating a person or thing that performs the action expressed by the \Pverb\p, as in \Igovernor\j\b\i. It is often used in legal terms, etc. as a substitute for \B-er (1)\j\b\i, as in \Iabettor\j\b\i.
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\Horacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ia-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAncient religion:\j\b\i a) a shrine where questions were asked of gods or goddesses. b) the deity's response or the person giving it.
\CX12.\j\b\i any statement or person considered to have infallible authority or wisdom. \Boracular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1rak\j\b\i-yoolar), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\i-ul \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i spoken, as distinct from written.
\CX12.\j\b\i of, used in or taken through the mouth: '\Ioral\j\b\i medicine'.
\Boral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a spoken examination. \Borally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i
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\Horange\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\iinj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a reddish-yellow colour. b) the colour between red and yellow in the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i a round, medium-sized, yellow to red citrus fruit. \Borange\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horange stick\h
a small wooden stick, especially of orange-wood, used to clean around the fingernails.
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\Horang-outang\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1rang\j\b\ia-tang \Pnoun\p also spelt \Borang-utan\j\b\i
a large, long-armed ape with reddish-brown hair, found in the forests of Borneo and Sumatra. Malay \Iorang-utan\j\b\i man of the woods
\Isay\j\b\i orra-\CX1taw\j\b\irio \Pnoun\p a long musical composition written as a drama for singers and orchestra, usually with a religious theme. Italian
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\Horatory (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p the art of eloquence or public speaking.
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\Horatory (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a small chapel or room used for private worship.
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\Horb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a circle or sphere, such as the sun or the moon.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for the sun or an eye. \Borbicular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i or \CX1bik\j\b\i-yoolar), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horbit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the elliptical path traced around a body by a satellite or planet.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar curved path of one body around another, such as that of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the whole Mediterranean world was within the Roman \Iorbit\j\b\i' (= range of influence).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two holes in the front of the skull in which the eyes are located. Also called an \Beye socket\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the part surrounding the eye of an animal. \Borbit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to move or travel in an orbit; \Borbital\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horchard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ch'd \Pnoun\p a) an area of land planted with fruit trees. b) the trees grown in such an area. \Borchardist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Horchestra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ork\j\b\iistra \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large group of musicians playing woodwind, brass, percussion and string instruments, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the space in a theatre reserved for musicians, usually immediately in front of and below the stage. \Borchestrate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to write or arrange music for an orchestra, b) to organise efficiently; \Borchestration\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i orki-\CX1stray\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Borchestral\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1kest\j\b\i-r'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horchid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\ikid \Pnoun\p any of a group of plants with brightly coloured, luxurious flowers. Latin \Iorchis\j\b\i testicle
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\Hordain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i to appoint as a bishop, priest or deacon.
\CX12.\j\b\i to solemnly order or decide. \Bordination\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ordi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i a) the act or ceremony of ordaining, b) the fact of being ordained.
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\Hordeal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any severe or distressing experience: 'the interview was an \Iordeal\j\b\i for the nervous applicant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a primitive form of trial which tested the effect of fire, etc. on the accused person.
#
\Horder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a direction or command, especially one given officially or with authority.
\CX12.\j\b\i a system or arrangement of things in relation to each other or in a series: a) 'alphabetical \Iorder\j\b\i'; b) 'he worked for a new political and social \Iorder\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a state or condition: 'the house is in good \Iorder\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a proper or right condition: a) 'the car is out of \Iorder\j\b\i'; b)'the headmaster couldn't keep \Iorder\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) a request to supply or provide: 'she placed an \Iorder\j\b\i for a car'; b) something requested or acquired in this way: 'your \Iorder\j\b\i is ready'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her bravery is of the highest \Iorder\j\b\i' (= level, degree).
\CX16.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the group below class used in the classification of animals and plants.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a) a group of people living under a common religious rule, e.g. in a monastery. b) any of the ranks of clergy.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba tall order\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a difficult task or request.
\Bin order\j\b\i, 'is it \Iin order\j\b\i for the meeting to end earlier?' (= suitable, acceptable).
\Bin order that\j\b\i, \Bin order to\j\b\i, so that.
\Bin the order of\j\b\i, approximately.
\Bon order\j\b\i, having been ordered but not yet delivered.
\Bout of order\j\b\i, broken down; not working.
\Bto order\j\b\i, 'she had a coat made \Ito order\j\b\i' (= to instructions).
\Border\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or make an order.
\Border about\j\b\i, to instruct or direct in a domineering manner.
#
\Horderly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i arranged in a tidy or systematic way.
\CX12.\j\b\i obedient or well-behaved: 'an \Iorderly\j\b\i crowd watched the finals match'.
\Borderly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a soldier acting as an officer's messenger.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who does non-medical work in a hospital. \Borderliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Horderly room\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i a company or regimental office in barracks, used for administrative business.
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\Hordinal (1)\h
\Padjective\p relating to an order.
\Bordinal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an ordinal number.
#
\Hordinal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a book of instructions or procedures for certain services or ceremonies.
#
\Hordinal number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a number indicating order, such as first, third, etc. Compare \Jcardinal number\j\b\i.
#
\Hordinance\h
\Pnoun\p an official command, law or rule.
#
\Hordinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\idin-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i normal or usual: 'this is the \Iordinary\j\b\i way we go to school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i average or not outstanding: 'the meal was quite \Iordinary\j\b\i'.
\Bordinary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the usual or ordinary condition or situation: 'this talented singer is quite out of the \Iordinary\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a church official, such as a bishop, with authority to oversee. \Bordinarily\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\idinra-lee), \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) usually, b) in the ordinary way; \Bordinariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hordinary shares\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i the shares in a company on which dividends are paid only after interest has been paid on debentures and preference shares.
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\Hordinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\ida-nit \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the vertical distance of a point from the origin of a graph; the \Iy\j\b\i coordinate. Compare \Jabscissa\j\b\i.
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\Hordination\h
\Isay\j\b\i ordi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p See \Jordain\j\b\i.
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\Hordnance\h
\Pnoun\p any military equipment, especially artillery.
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\HOrdovician\h
\Isay\j\b\i ordo-\CX1vish\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i.
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\Hordure\h
\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1dew\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p dung. Latin \Ihorridus\j\b\i uncouth, frightful
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\Hore\h
\Pnoun\p a mineral or mixture of minerals containing a metal or non-metal in sufficient amounts to be profitable if mined.
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\Horegano\h
\Isay\j\b\i orri-\CX1gah\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a sweet-smelling herb related to mint, used in cooking.
#
\Horgan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a keyboard instrument in which notes are sounded by wind blown through pipes by means of bellows or electric power.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any part of an organism, consisting of one or more kinds of tissue, that forms a structural and functional unit, such as a kidney, a leaf, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a means of publicising (especially political) opinion, e.g. a periodical: 'this quarterly journal is the chief \Iorgan\j\b\i of the extreme right wing'. \Borganist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Music) a person who plays the organ.
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\Horgandie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\igan-dee \Pnoun\p a very fine, stiff muslin, used for dresses, curtains, etc.
#
\Horgan-grinder\h
\Pnoun\p a street musician who plays a small organ by turning a handle.
#
\Horganic\h
\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1gann\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to living organisms.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) relating to the organ or organs of an animal or plant. b) (of disease) affecting the structure of an organ.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or produced by the use of natural fertilisers such as compost, etc. as distinct from chemicals, sprays and industrial processes: '\Iorganic\j\b\i vegetables'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to an enormous class of substances containing carbon combined with hydrogen and often with oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. The molecules are often very large and complex, containing large numbers of carbon atoms in chains and rings. Compare \Jinorganic\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i organised or arranged systematically: 'an \Iorganic\j\b\i whole'. \Borganically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Horganic chemistry\h
the chemistry of carbon compounds.
#
\Horganisation\h
\Isay\j\b\i orga-nie-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p organization \CX11.\j\b\i the act of organising: 'the \Iorganisation\j\b\i of accommodation should be done before the tour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being organised: 'there is not enough \Iorganisation\j\b\i in your method'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a number of people or groups joined and organised for some purpose: 'a charitable \Iorganisation\j\b\i'. \Borganisational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Borganisationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Horganise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\iga-nize \Pverb\p organize to bring or put together as a whole: 'we must \Iorganise\j\b\i a demonstration'. \Borganiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Horganism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\iga-nizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any living thing; an animal or plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i any system or organisation with dependent parts.
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\Horganist\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jorgan\j\b\i.
#
\Horganochlorine\h
\Isay\j\b\i organo-\CX1klaw\j\b\ireen \Pnoun\p an organic compound containing chlorine which can be toxic and may damage the environment.
#
\Horganophosphate\h
\Isay\j\b\i organo-\CX1fos\j\b\ifate \Pnoun\p a synthetic organic salt containing phosphorus which may be very toxic and can cause environmental damage.
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\Horganza\h
\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1gan\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p a thin, stiff fabric made from silk or nylon mixed with cotton.
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\Horgasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-gazm \Pnoun\p the climax of excitement in sexual activity. \Borgasmic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1gaz\j\b\imik), \Borgastic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Greek \Iorgan\j\b\i to swell or be excited
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\Horgy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wild, drunken or immoral festivity or celebration.
\CX12.\j\b\i any excessively indulgent or uncontrolled activity.
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\Horiel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ee-ul \Pnoun\p a bay window high in a building.
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\Horient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ee-ent \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the east or regions in the east.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the countries of Asia, especially eastern Asia. Compare \Joccident\j\b\i.
\Borient\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to orientate. \Boriental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i or-ee-\CX1en\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of the east or the Orient; \Boriental\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (usually capital) an inhabitant of Asia. Latin \Ioriens\j\b\i the east, sunrise \Borient, orientate\j\b\i. \IOrient\j\b\i can be used for both meanings of \Iorientate\j\b\i. This dictionary suggests that you prefer the shorter, simpler word.
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\Horientate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ee-entate \Pverb\p to place or face in a particular position or direction.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is not \Iorientated\j\b\i to her new life' (= adjusted, adapted).
a) the act of orientating. b) the state of being orientated: 'the house's \Iorientation\j\b\i is to the north'. See \Jorient\j\b\i.
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\Horienteering\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of cross-country running over a set course, testing physical fitness and map-reading skills.
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\Horifice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ii-fiss \Pnoun\p an opening or hole. Latin \Ioris\j\b\i of the mouth + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
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\Horigami\h
\Isay\j\b\i orri-\CX1gah\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p the art of folding paper into decorative shapes, e.g. animals and flowers. Japanese \Iori\j\b\i a folding + \Ikami\j\b\i paper
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\Horigin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ii-jin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something from which anything else starts, issues or is derived: 'what is the \Iorigin\j\b\i of that folk song?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a beginning or first stage: 'the \Iorigin\j\b\i of the feud dates back several years'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the politician did not hide the fact of her humble \Iorigin\j\b\i' (= birth, parentage).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the point where two or more axes meet. Latin \Ioriginis\j\b\i of the source
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\Horiginal\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1rij\j\b\ii-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating or belonging to the origin or beginning of something: 'this Victorian house still has its \Ioriginal\j\b\i features'.
\CX12.\j\b\i new, unusual or different: 'she dresses in very \Ioriginal\j\b\i clothes'.
\CX13.\j\b\i being the first, from which a copy, translation, etc. is made: 'do you still have the \Ioriginal\j\b\i photo?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i creative, individual or inventive in thought or action.
\Boriginal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is original as distinct from a copy or imitation.
\CX12.\j\b\i the person or thing represented in a painting, piece of writing, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i an eccentric or individual person. \Boriginality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being original; \Boriginally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) at first, b) from the beginning.
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\Horiginal sin\h
See \Jsin (1)\j\b\i.
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\Horiginate\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1rij\j\b\ia-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring into being: 'who \Ioriginated\j\b\i the annual reunion?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to begin or arise: 'their quarrel \Ioriginated\j\b\i from a silly argument'. \Borigination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boriginator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who originates something.
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\Horiole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-ee-ole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a family of usually bright-coloured British and European birds related to the crow.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a North American family of birds: 'Baltimore \Ioriole\j\b\i'. Latin \Iaureus\j\b\i golden
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\Horison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ii-z'n \Pnoun\p an old word for a prayer.
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\HOrlon\h
\Pnoun\p a synthetic, acrylic fibre, similar to nylon, that is lightweight and crease-resistant. a trademark
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\Hornament\h
\Pnoun\p an object or detail used to add beauty or decoration.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you are an \Iornament\j\b\i to our organisation' (= source of pride or honour). \Bornament\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to provide with ornaments, b) to increase the beauty of; \Bornamental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bornamentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bad-tempered or stubborn.
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\Hornithology\h
\Isay\j\b\i orni-\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of birds. \Bornithologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hornithorhynchus\h
\Isay\j\b\i orni-tha-\CX1rin\j\b\ikus \Pnoun\p the platypus. Greek \Iornithos\j\b\i of a bird + \Irhynkos\j\b\i beak
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\Horotund\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orr\j\b\ia-tund \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a voice or words) clear and rich in tone.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a speech) pompous.
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\Horphan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\i-f'n \Pnoun\p a child whose parents are dead. \Borphan\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Borphanage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1or\j\b\ifa-nij), \Inoun\j\b\i, an institution where orphans are cared for.
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\Horris\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Borrice\j\b\i
a fragrant powder obtained by grinding the root of a variety of iris, used in perfumes, etc.
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\Horthochromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ortho-kro-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p relating to a film, etc. which is sensitive to all colours except red.
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\Horthoclase\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ortho\j\b\i-klas \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a potassium feldspar contained in granite.
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\Horthodontics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ortho-\CX1don\j\b\itiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the art of straightening irregular teeth, a branch of dentistry. \Borthodontist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Borthodontic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Horthodox\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1orth\j\b\io-doks \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i conventional or conforming to accepted standards: 'the barrister's intimidating methods during the trial were not considered \Iorthodox\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i correct or traditional in religious doctrine or practice. \Borthodoxy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Borthodoxly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Horthogonal\h
\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1thogg\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to right angles or perpendicular lines. \Borthogonally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Horthographic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ortho-\CX1graff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p relating to a kind of perspective projection, used in maps, elevations of buildings, etc. in which the point of sight is supposed to be at an infinite distance, so that the rays are parallel.
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\Horthography\h
\Isay\j\b\i or-\CX1thog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the study or use of correct spelling.
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\Horthopaedics\h
\Isay\j\b\i ortha-\CX1pee\j\b\idiks plural \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Borthopedics\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the treatment of deformities of the bones, especially in children; a branch of surgery. \Borthopaedist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Borthopaedic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\H-ory (1)\h
a suffix of \Padjective\ps indicating function or tendency, as in \Icompulsory\j\b\i.
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\H-ory (2)\h
a suffix of \Pnoun\ps indicating a place or thing used for the purpose expressed in the root word, as in \Iobservatory\j\b\i.
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\Hoscillate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\ii-late \Pverb\p to move or swing backwards and forwards, as a pendulum.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ioscillates\j\b\i between wanting to be a doctor and an architect' (= wavers, fluctuates).
a) the act of oscillating. b) a single swing or movement of a body. \Boscillator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boscillatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hoscilloscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1sill\j\b\ia-skope \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a device which makes the shape of a wave visible on a cathode-ray tube.
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\Hosculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\i-kew-late \Pverb\p a) to kiss. b) to bring into close contact. \Bosculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bosculatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hosier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ia \Ior\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-zia \Pnoun\p a) any of a group of willows, the branches of which are used for wickerwork. b) a willow twig.
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\H-osis\h
a suffix of \Pnoun\ps indicating action, condition or process, as in \Imetamorphosis\j\b\i.
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\Hosmium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oz\j\b\imi-um \Pnoun\p element number 76, a rare, brittle metal, the most dense substance known. It is used in alloys with platinum and iridium. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hosmosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i oz-\CX1mo\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p the movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane into an area where there is a higher concentration of a substance, e.g. the movement of water from cell to cell. \Bosmotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i oz-\CX1mott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bosmotically\j\b\i, \Padverb\p; \Bosmose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hosmotic pressure\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i the pressure associated with osmosis, especially that which is necessary to prevent movement of solvent by osmosis.
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\Hosprey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\i-prey \Ior\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\i-pray \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large eagle-like bird which plunges feet first into the water to catch fish.
\CX12.\j\b\i an egret plume.
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\Hosseous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p made of or resembling bone.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the old man's attitudes have \Iossified\j\b\i amid the social changes of today' (= become fixed or set). \Bossification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hostensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i oss-\CX1ten\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p professed or supposed: 'few people believed her \Iostensible\j\b\i reason for going overseas'. \Bostensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hostentation\h
\Isay\j\b\i osten-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a showy display intended to impress others. \Bostentatious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bostentatiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hosteoarthritis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ostio-arth-\CX1rye\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a degenerative arthritic disease of old age, usually located in the shoulder, knee, hip or spine. Greek \Iosteon\j\b\i bone + \Barthritis\j\b\i
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\Hosteomyelitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ostio-mya-\CX1lie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a bacterial disease of the bones causing pain and fever, sometimes spreading to other tissues.
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\Hosteopathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i osti-\CX1opp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p the treatment of disease by manipulation of parts of the body, especially the spine, based on the belief that many diseases are chiefly due to misplacement of bones. \Bosteopath\j\b\i. (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1os\j\b\itio-path), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises osteopathy.
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\Hostler\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oss\j\b\i-la \Pnoun\p an old word for a person who looks after horses at an inn.
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\Hostracise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ost\j\b\ira-size \Pverb\p ostrasize to exclude or banish from one's company, friendship, country, etc. \Bostracism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1os\j\b\itra-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hostrich\h
\Pnoun\p a long-legged, two-toed, flightless bird found in Africa and Arabia, the largest bird in existence.
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\Hother\h
\Padjective\p different from the one named or implied: 'her house is at the \Iother\j\b\i end of the street'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'where are the \Iother\j\b\i members of the team?' (= remaining).
b) 'he needs one \Iother\j\b\i person' (= extra, more).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon the other hand\j\b\i, as a contrast to that.
\Bthe other day\j\b\i (\Bweek, etc\j\b\i.), '\Ithe other day\j\b\i I saw an old friend' (= a few days ago).
\Bother\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
the other one: 'I'll have this room and you take the \Iother\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we will get there sometime or \Iother\j\b\i' (= another). \Bother\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, otherwise or differently.
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\Hotherwise\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i under different circumstances: '\Iotherwise\j\b\i, I would stay and help'.
\CX12.\j\b\i differently: 'I wanted to come, but John felt \Iotherwise\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in other respects: 'he can no longer play football but leads an \Iotherwise\j\b\i active life'.
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\Hotherworldly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of another, imaginary or mystical world.
\CX12.\j\b\i impractical or remote from reality. \Botherworldliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hotiose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-shee-ose \Ior\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-tee-ose \Padjective\p a) idle. b) superfluous or useless.
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\Hotter\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of furry, aquatic mammals with webbed feet and a long tail.
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\Hottoman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a silk or rayon fabric with long, parallel ridges.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an upholstered seat or divan without back or arms. b) a cushioned footstool. after \IOthman\j\b\i, the founder of the Turkish Empire
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\Houch\h
interjection an exclamation expressing sudden pain.
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\Hought\h
\Isay\j\b\i awt \Pverb\p an auxiliary \Pverb\p indicating:
a) (duty or obligation) 'you \Iought\j\b\i to visit your parents more often'.
b) (probability) 'we \Iought\j\b\i to be there soon at this speed'.
c) (desirability) 'you \Iought\j\b\i to see the splendid camels'.
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\Houija board\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wee\j\b\ija bord a board marked with letter, words and symbols, over which rests a planchette which, when touched with the fingers, is believed to move and spell out words, replies, etc. telepathically. French \Ioui\j\b\i yes + German \Ija\j\b\i yes + \Bboard\j\b\i
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\Hounce (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a unit of weight or mass in the avoirdupois system equal to about 2.83{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i10{\up6 -2\j\b\i kg. b) a unit of mass in the apothecaries' and troy systems equal to about 3.11{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i10{\up6 -2\j\b\i kg.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small amount: 'don't you have even an \Iounce\j\b\i of intelligence?'.
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\Hounce (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsnow leopard\j\b\i
a long-haired leopard found in the mountains of Asia.
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\Hour\h
possessive \Padjective\p singular is \Bmy\j\b\i
belonging to us: 'they are \Iour\j\b\i books'.
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\Hours\h
possessive \Ppronoun\p singular is \Bmine\j\b\i
belonging to us: 'the books are \Iours\j\b\i'.
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\Hourselves\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bwe\j\b\i: 'we washed \Iourselves\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bwe\j\b\i: 'we did it \Iourselves\j\b\i'.
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\Houst\h
\Pverb\p to expel or eject. \Bouster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Law) the act of expelling or dispossessing.
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\Hout\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i away from or not in a particular place, position, state, etc.: a) 'she ran \Iout\j\b\i a moment ago'; b) 'this phone is \Iout\j\b\i of order'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'may we go \Iout\j\b\i and play?' (= into the open).
b) 'stretch \Iout\j\b\i your hand' (= away from you).
c) 'they are giving \Iout\j\b\i free tickets over there' (= away).
d) 'short skirts went \Iout\j\b\i last year!' (= out of fashion).
e) 'the miners are \Iout\j\b\i for more pay' (= on strike).
\CX12.\j\b\i to an end, conclusion or extinction: 'my shoes have worn \Iout\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) into view or evidence: 'the sun came \Iout\j\b\i'. b) into existence: 'an epidemic broke \Iout\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i fully or completely: a) 'empty \Iout\j\b\i that bucket and leave it here'; b)'the bride was decked \Iout\j\b\i in white'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball out\j\b\i, 'she has gone \Iall out\j\b\i to finish the job in time' (= exerted herself to the utmost).
\Bout of\j\b\i, a) 'six \Iout of\j\b\i ten voted for the proposal' (= from amongst); b) 'that chair is made \Iout of\j\b\i fibreglass' (= from); c) 'he did it \Iout of\j\b\i compassion' (= due to, because of).
\Bout to\j\b\i, 'she is \Iout to\j\b\i get elected this time' (= trying to, determined to).
\Bout\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) wrong or inaccurate: 'your guess was \Iout\j\b\i by a long way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i torn or worn: 'those trousers are \Iout\j\b\i at the knees'.
\CX13.\j\b\i unconscious: 'the boxer was \Iout\j\b\i for two minutes'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a) (of a ball) outside the boundary lines of a court, field, etc. b) (of a player or team) removed from play by being caught, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i finished or over: 'we will be there before the day is \Iout\j\b\i'.
\Bout of\j\b\i, 'we are \Iout of\j\b\i eggs again' (= without).
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\Hout-and-out\h
\Padjective\p thorough or complete.
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\Houtback\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i the remote, sparsely inhabited inland regions. \Boutback\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Houtbalance\h
\Pverb\p to outweigh.
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\Houtbid\h
\Pverb\p (\Boutbid\j\b\i, \Boutbidden\j\b\i or \Boutbid\j\b\i, \Boutbidding\j\b\i)
to bid higher than.
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\Houtboard motor\h
an internal combustion engine with a propeller, clamped to the back of a boat.
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\Houtbreak\h
\Pnoun\p a breaking out or eruption, e.g. of a disease, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there were angry \Ioutbreaks\j\b\i after the new taxes were announced' (= public disturbances, riots).
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\Houtbuilding\h
\Pnoun\p any building, such as a barn, close to or adjoining a larger one.
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\Houtburst\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden and violent bursting or pouring out: 'her \Ioutburst\j\b\i of anger stunned us all into silence'.
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\Houtcast\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is rejected or homeless. \Boutcast\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rejected.
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\Houtclass\h
\Pverb\p to be ahead of or do better than: 'the winner of the race easily \Ioutclassed\j\b\i the other runners'.
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\Houtcome\h
\Pnoun\p the result or consequence: 'what was the \Ioutcome\j\b\i of your argument?'.
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\Houtcrop\h
\Pnoun\p something which projects or protrudes: 'a rocky \Ioutcrop\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'any \Ioutcrops\j\b\i of violence worried the government' (= sudden occurrences).
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\Houtcry\h
\Pnoun\p a loud cry or noise.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was a public \Ioutcry\j\b\i at the strictness of the new law' (= protest, expression of indignation).
outside or in the open air. \Boutdoors\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Houter\h
\Padjective\p further out: 'the \Iouter\j\b\i circle of spectators found it difficult to see'.
\Bouter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an outer place or position, such as an area for non-member spectators at a sports ground, often with no seats or shelter.
\Bon the outer\j\b\i, ignored or rejected. \Boutermost\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, furthest out.
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\Houter space\h
See \Jspace\j\b\i.
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\Houtface\h
\Pverb\p to defy or stare at boldly.
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\Houtfield\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i an outer part of the field, such as the area beyond the bases in baseball or furthest from the batsman in cricket. \Boutfielder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a player in the outfield.
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\Houtfit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the equipment needed for a particular task: 'an explorer's \Ioutfit\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the clothes worn by a particular person at one time, usually including shoes and other accessories.
\CX13.\j\b\i a group or organisation: 'their company is quite a big \Ioutfit\j\b\i now'. \Boutfit\j\b\i (\Boutfitted\j\b\i, \Boutfitting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Boutfitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who supplies equipment, b) a person who sells clothes.
#
\Houtflank\h
\Pverb\p to move round and behind the flank of enemy forces.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ioutflanked\j\b\i his opponent quite easily' (= got the better of).
\CX11.\j\b\i to grow too large for something: 'he has \Ioutgrown\j\b\i all his clothes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to leave behind due to development or the passing of time: 'she \Ioutgrew\j\b\i her moodiness'.
#
\Houtgrowth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a natural result or development.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which grows outwards or protrudes: 'a horn is an \Ioutgrowth\j\b\i on the head of a bull'.
#
\Houthouse\h
\Pnoun\p an outbuilding.
#
\Houting\h
\Pnoun\p a short pleasure trip.
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\Houtlandish\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i noticeably odd or outrageous: 'her \Ioutlandish\j\b\i behaviour horrified many people'.
\CX12.\j\b\i remote or strange: 'so he went to some \Ioutlandish\j\b\i country, I forget where'. \Boutlandishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boutlandishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Houtlast\h
\Pverb\p to last longer than.
#
\Houtlaw\h
\Pnoun\p a person, especially a criminal, who defies the law and is deprived of legal rights or protection. \Boutlaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to exclude from the benefits of the law, b) to forbid or prohibit; \Boutlawry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Houtlay\h
\Pnoun\p a) money spent. b) the spending of money. \Boutlay\j\b\i (\Boutlaid\j\b\i, \Boutlaying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Houtlet\h
\Pnoun\p an opening or passage through which something goes out or is released: a) 'a power point is an \Ioutlet\j\b\i for electricity'; b) 'writing poetry is a useful \Ioutlet\j\b\i for emotional tension'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that shop is an \Ioutlet\j\b\i for home-made goods' (= agency for selling or distributing).
#
\Houtline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line representing the outer boundary of something: 'the \Ioutline\j\b\i of the trees was obscured by the fog'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drawing consisting only of simple lines.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the introduction gives an \Ioutline\j\b\i of the plot' (= summary, account).
\Boutline\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to draw or give an outline of.
#
\Houtlive\h
\Isay\j\b\i out-\CX1liv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to live longer than.
#
\Houtlook\h
\Pnoun\p a view: 'this room has a beautiful \Ioutlook\j\b\i on the sea'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her \Ioutlook\j\b\i has changed since her overseas trip' (= attitude, point of view).
b) 'the \Ioutlook\j\b\i was bleak for the impoverished family' (= future).
#
\Houtlying\h
\Padjective\p distant or remote.
#
\Houtmanoeuvre\h
\Isay\j\b\i out-ma-\CX1noo\j\b\iva \Pverb\p to get the better of with superior tactics or manoeuvres.
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\Houtmatch\h
\Pverb\p to outdo: 'he \Ioutmatched\j\b\i his opponent with his far greater skill'.
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\Houtmoded\h
\Isay\j\b\i out-\CX1mo\j\b\i-ded \Padjective\p obsolete or old-fashioned.
#
\Houtnumber\h
\Pverb\p to exceed in number.
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\Hout of doors\h
outside or in the open air. \Bout-of-doors\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hout of pocket\h
without, due to spending: 'I was $60 \Iout of pocket\j\b\i after I bought those books'.
#
\Hout of the way\h
secluded or remote: 'it is very peaceful and \Iout of the way\j\b\i here'.
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\Houtpace\h
\Pverb\p to go faster than.
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\Hout-patient\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpatient\j\b\i.
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\Houtplay\h
\Pverb\p to play better than.
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\Houtpost\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a position or station at some distance from the main body of troops.
\CX12.\j\b\i a distant or remote settlement.
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\Houtput\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of producing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a product or the amount produced: 'our \Ioutput\j\b\i has doubled in the last week'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the product of a computer's work, e.g. on-screen images and printouts, text and files.
#
\Houtput device\h
any device which shows the product of a computer's work, e.g. a visual display unit or a printer. Compare \Jinput device\j\b\i.
#
\Houtrage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extreme act of violence or cruelty.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which offends, shocks or insults: 'his frank remarks were an \Ioutrage\j\b\i to her pride'. \Boutrage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shock or offend; \Boutrageous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i out-\CX1ray\j\b\ijus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, unacceptable, offensive or shocking; \Boutrageously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boutrageousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Houtran\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Boutrun\j\b\i.
#
\Houtrank\h
\Pverb\p to have higher rank than.
#
\HoutrΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oo\j\b\i-tray \Padjective\p eccentric or outrageous. French \Ioutre\j\b\i beyond
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\Houtrider\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, especially a motorcyclist, who rides beside or ahead of a vehicle as an escort, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a guide, escort or scout.
#
\Houtrigger\h
\Pnoun\p a) a framework projecting from the side of a boat or canoe, to which floats are attached to prevent capsizing. b) any projecting frame or support.
#
\Houtright\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i complete or absolute: 'an \Ioutright\j\b\i criminal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i clear or unqualified: 'the \Ioutright\j\b\i winner'.
\Boutright\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i completely.
\CX12.\j\b\i openly: 'he lied \Ioutright\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i at once: 'the blow killed him \Ioutright\j\b\i'.
\Pnoun\p the outer side, edge or part: 'the \Ioutside\j\b\i of the house needs painting'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'from the \Ioutside\j\b\i it looked like a very simple matter' (= obvious or superficial aspect).
\Bat the outside\j\b\i, 'there were 50 people \Iat the outside\j\b\i' (= at the most).
\Boutside\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i from, being or occurring on the outside: 'the \Ioutside\j\b\i lane of traffic'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her attitudes were affected by \Ioutside\j\b\i influences' (= other, not personal).
b)'there is an \Ioutside\j\b\i chance that the favourite will be defeated' (= unlikely, remote).
\CX12.\j\b\i extreme or greatest: 'the \Ioutside\j\b\i price I can pay is $200'.
\Boutside\j\b\i \Iadverb, preposition\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i on, to or into the outside: 'she stood at the door and gazed \Ioutside\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in, to or into the open air: 'may we go \Ioutside\j\b\i and play?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) excluding: 'there are four in the family, \Ioutside\j\b\i myself'.
#
\Houtsider\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who does not belong to a particular group, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a competitor, especially a horse in a race, considered unlikely to win.
#
\Houtsize\h
\Padjective\p outsized unusually large. \Boutsize\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an unusual size, especially a larger one.
#
\Houtskirts\h
plural \Pnoun\p the outer districts.
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\Houtsmart\h
\Pverb\p to be too clever for.
#
\Houtspoken\h
\Padjective\p frank or unreserved: 'she is known for her \Ioutspoken\j\b\i opinions'. \Boutspokenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boutspokenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Houtstanding\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i great or prominent: a) 'the play was an \Ioutstanding\j\b\i success'; b) 'this medal is for \Ioutstanding\j\b\i bravery'.
\CX12.\j\b\i still existing, unpaid or unsettled: '\Ioutstanding\j\b\i debts'.
#
\Houtstation\h
\Pnoun\p a distant or remote position, station or post.
#
\Houtstay\h
\Pverb\p to stay longer than.
#
\Houtstretched\h
\Padjective\p extended or stretched out: 'he welcomed her with \Ioutstretched\j\b\i arms'.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or towards the outside: 'an \Ioutward\j\b\i voyage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i evident, apparent or visible: 'she gave no \Ioutward\j\b\i sign of fear although she felt sick with terror'.
\Boutwards, outward\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
out or towards the outside: 'the cyclone moved \Ioutwards\j\b\i to the sea'. \Boutwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in relation to the outward appearance, b) on or towards the outside.
\CX11.\j\b\i a closed curve with one axis longer than another.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is oval-shaped, especially a field or track for sports, athletics, etc.
#
\Hovary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-va-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two small solid bodies on each side of the uterus, producing the ova and the sex hormones.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the hollow broad part of a carpel containing one or more ovules in a plant. \Bovarian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1vair\j\b\iian), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hovation\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p enthusiastic applause. Latin \Iovatio\j\b\i rejoicing
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\Hoven\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1uvv\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p an enclosed chamber, usually in a stove, in which food or other objects are dried, heated or baked.
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\Hovenware\h
\Pnoun\p any heat-resistant dishes in which food may be baked in the oven.
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\Hover\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i above: a) 'the sun rose \Iover\j\b\i the hill'; b) '\Iover\j\b\i 20 people arrived late'; c) 'she prefers mystery stories \Iover\j\b\i romances'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'who will rule \Iover\j\b\i the country?' (= in control of).
\CX12.\j\b\i on or on top of: a) 'put this rug \Iover\j\b\i your legs'; b) 'she has a strange influence \Iover\j\b\i you'.
\CX13.\j\b\i through or throughout: a) '\Iover\j\b\i the years I have grown grey'; b) 'we'll discuss it \Iover\j\b\i dinner'; c) 'show her \Iover\j\b\i the house'.
\CX14.\j\b\i on or to the other side of: 'walk \Iover\j\b\i the bridge'.
\CX15.\j\b\i about or concerning: 'they argue \Iover\j\b\i money all the time'.
\Bover and above\j\b\i, 'we had to pay for accommodation \Iover and above\j\b\i the fares' (= as well as).
\Bover\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i over the top or edge: 'her hand shook and the coffee spilt \Iover\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at or to the place indicated or implied: a) 'she's \Iover\j\b\i in France for a month'; b) 'come \Iover\j\b\i and see us at home'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to a fallen position: 'don't knock that cup \Iover\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to the other side: 'flip the pancake \Iover\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i remaining: 'I did not have any money left \Iover\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i all through: 'he has travelled the world \Iover\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i again: 'I have asked you ten times \Iover\j\b\i!'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball over\j\b\i, a) 'I looked \Iall over\j\b\i for her' (= everywhere); b) 'the game is \Iall over\j\b\i now' (= finished).
\Bover against\j\b\i, a) 'stand \Iover against\j\b\i the wall' (= next to, in front of); b) 'we have democracy, but \Iover against\j\b\i that we have a large bureaucracy' (= in contrast to).
\Bover\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\ICricket:\j\b\i a group of six successive deliveries by one bowler.
#
\Hover-\h
a prefix meaning: a) too or too much, as in \Ioverweight\j\b\i; b) position above or across, as in \Ioverhead\j\b\i; c) movement to a lower or reversed position, as in \Ioverturn\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverabundance\h
\Pnoun\p an excessive supply. \Boverabundant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Boverabundantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hoveract\h
\Pverb\p to act in an exaggerated manner.
#
\Hoveractive\h
\Padjective\p too active or energetic. \Boveractivity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hover-age\h
\Padjective\p beyond the proper or required age.
#
\Hoverall\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i from one end or limit to the other 'the \Ioverall\j\b\i dimensions of the land'.
\CX12.\j\b\i including everything: 'the \Ioverall\j\b\i cost of the renovations'.
\Boverall\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of long trousers with a flap covering the chest.
\CX12.\j\b\i a loose-fitting garment, such as a smock, worn to protect ordinary clothes.
#
\Hoverarm\h
\Padjective\p (of a stroke or throw) made with the arm raised above the shoulder, moving forward and down. Compare \Junderarm\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverate\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bovereat\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverawe\h
\Pverb\p to overcome with awe.
#
\Hoverbalance\h
\Pverb\p to lose one's balance or fall over.
#
\Hoverbearing\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i arrogant or dictatorial in manner.
\CX12.\j\b\i predominant or overwhelming. \Boverbearingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverblown\h
\Padjective\p a) too fully open: 'an \Ioverblown\j\b\i rose'. b) swollen or inflated: '\Ioverblown\j\b\i pride'.
#
\Hoverboard\h
\Padverb\p over the side of a boat into the water.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the actor went \Ioverboard\j\b\i about the new role he was to play' (= became very enthusiastic).
#
\Hoverburden\h
\Pverb\p to load too heavily.
\Boverburden\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMining:\j\b\i the earth lying above a body of ore.
#
\Hovercapitalise\h
\Pverb\p overcapitalize \CX11.\j\b\i to put an excessively high value on the capital of a company, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to provide too much capital.
#
\Hovercast\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of the sky) covered by cloud.
\CX12.\j\b\i dark or gloomy.
\Bovercast\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bovercast\j\b\i, \Bovercasting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to sew over the edge of fabric, especially to prevent fraying.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make cloudy or dark.
#
\Hovercharge\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to ask too high a price.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fill or load too much.
#
\Hovercoat\h
\Pnoun\p a coat worn over normal clothing.
#
\Hovercome\h
\Pverb\p (\Bovercame\j\b\i, \Bovercoming\j\b\i)
to defeat or be too strong for: 'you must \Iovercome\j\b\i your silly fears'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were \Iovercome\j\b\i with helpless laughter' (= made weak).
#
\Hovercompensate\h
\Pverb\p to compensate to an exaggerated degree. \Bovercompensation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverconfident\h
\Padjective\p too confident. \Boverconfidence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to estimate too great an amount.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give too high a value to. \Boverestimation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverexpose\h
\Pverb\p to expose too much or for too long. \Boverexposure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverflow\h
\Pverb\p to flow or spill over: 'the bath \Ioverflowed\j\b\i on to the floor'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his heart \Ioverflowed\j\b\i with joy' (= was filled beyond capacity). \Boverflow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of overflowing, b) something which is overflowing.
#
\Hoverfold\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a rock fold so far inclined that both sides dip in the same direction.
#
\Hovergrow\h
\Pverb\p (\Bovergrew\j\b\i, \Bovergrown\j\b\i)
to cover with growth. \Bovergrowth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverhang\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverhung\j\b\i, \Boverhanging\j\b\i)
to hang or extend over.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a sense of danger \Ioverhung\j\b\i their exciting adventure' (= surrounded, threatened). \Boverhang\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which projects or hangs over, such as part of a balcony.
#
\Hoverhaul\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to examine, take apart and repair.
\CX12.\j\b\i to overtake. \Boverhaul\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverhead\h
\Padjective\p situated or moving above the head: 'the \Ioverhead\j\b\i cables shook in the breeze'.
\Boverhead\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
over one's head or in the air: 'the jet flew silently high \Ioverhead\j\b\i'.
\Boverhead\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) the general costs of running a business, such as rent, electricity, etc.
#
\Hoverhear\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverheard\j\b\i, \Boverhearing\j\b\i)
to hear something spoken to another.
#
\Hoverhung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Boverhang\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverindulge\h
\Isay\j\b\i over-in-\CX1dulj\j\b\i \Pverb\p to indulge excessively. \Boverindulgence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Boverindulgent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverjoyed\h
\Padjective\p highly delighted.
#
\Hoverkill\h
\Pnoun\p the capacity of nuclear armament to destroy infinitely more than is needed to achieve victory.
#
\Hoverladen\h
\Padjective\p overloaded.
#
\Hoverland\h
\Padjective\p across or by land: 'an \Ioverland\j\b\i tour across Europe to Asia'. \Boverland\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Boverland\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to drive cattle or sheep overland for long distances; \Boverlander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'many of our interests \Ioverlap\j\b\i' (= coincide, correspond).
#
\Hoverlay\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverlaid\j\b\i, \Boverlaying\j\b\i)
to cover with, lay or spread on.
\Boverlay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a layer on or over something for decoration, protection etc.
#
\Hoverleaf\h
\Padverb\p on the other side of the page.
#
\Hoverload\h
\Pverb\p to give too large or heavy a load to.
#
\Hoverlook\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fail to see: 'you have \Ioverlooked\j\b\i several mistakes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to ignore or disregard: 'we will \Ioverlook\j\b\i your rudeness this once'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to have a view of: 'your room \Ioverlooks\j\b\i the garden'.
#
\Hoverlord\h
\Pnoun\p a person having supreme power or authority.
#
\Hoverly\h
\Padverb\p excessively.
#
\Hovermaster\h
\Pverb\p to overpower.
#
\Hovermuch\h
\Padverb\p very much: 'I don't like her \Iovermuch\j\b\i'.
#
\Hovernight\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p during or throughout the night: 'please stay with us \Iovernight\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she grew up \Iovernight\j\b\i' (= very quickly).
#
\Hoverpass\h
\Pnoun\p a) a footbridge to take pedestrians and cyclists over a road. b) a bridge carrying one road over another. \Boverpass\j\b\i (\Boverpassed\j\b\i or \Boverpast\j\b\i, \Boverpassing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to go over or beyond.
#
\Hoverpay\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverpaid\j\b\i, \Boverpaying\j\b\i)
to pay more than the value or amount due. \Boverpayment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverplay\h
\Pverb\p to act or emphasise too much.
\Boverplay one's hand\j\b\i, 'he \Ioverplayed his hand\j\b\i when he threatened to resign if they did not agree' (= was oversure of himself).
#
\Hoverpopulate\h
\Pverb\p to burden an area with too many inhabitants.
#
\Hoverpower\h
\Pverb\p to master or subdue by superior strength: 'with her judo training she soon \Ioverpowered\j\b\i the intruder'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'fear \Ioverpowered\j\b\i them at the sight of the tidal wave'(= made helpless or weak).
#
\Hoverprint\h
\Pverb\p to print on a surface that has already been printed, e.g. to print a new price onto an existing postage stamp. \Boverprint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverproduce\h
\Pverb\p to produce more goods than are needed. \Boverproduction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverproof\h
\Padjective\p containing more alcohol than proof spirit does.
#
\Hoverran\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Boverrun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverrate\h
\Pverb\p to value too highly.
#
\Hoverreach\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to exert oneself or do too much.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reach beyond the aim or target.
#
\Hoverride\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverrode\j\b\i, \Boverridden\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to disregard or go against: 'he \Ioverrode\j\b\i all advice and sold his shares'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have dominance over: 'the director's decision will \Ioverride\j\b\i all others'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i (of broken bones) to overlap.
#
\Hoverripe\h
\Padjective\p too ripe.
#
\Hoverrule\h
\Pverb\p to decide against or refuse to allow: 'the judge \Ioverruled\j\b\i the barrister's objections'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to run beyond: 'the play \Ioverran\j\b\i the scheduled time'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to defeat or take possession of: 'the country was \Ioverrun\j\b\i by mice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to spread or swarm over: 'those weeds will \Ioverrun\j\b\i the garden soon.' \Boverrun\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of overrunning, b) an excess amount.
#
\Hoverseas\h
\Padverb\p across or beyond the sea: 'have you ever travelled \Ioverseas\j\b\i?'. \Boverseas\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to supervise or watch over, especially over work or workers. \Boverseer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who oversees.
#
\Hovershadow\h
\Pverb\p to cast a shadow over.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her quiet personality is \Iovershadowed\j\b\i by her brother's boisterousness' (= made insignificant).
#
\Hovershoes\h
plural \Pnoun\p galoshes.
#
\Hovershoot\h
\Pverb\p (\Bovershot\j\b\i, \Bovershooting\j\b\i)
to go over or beyond: a) 'the plane \Iovershot\j\b\i the runway as it landed and hit trees at the end of the airport'; b) 'the torpedo \Iovershot\j\b\i its mark'.
#
\Hoversight\h
\Pnoun\p failure to notice or do: 'not locking the door was an \Ioversight\j\b\i on my part'.
to spend more than is necessary or can be afforded.
#
\Hoverspill\h
\Pnoun\p something which spills over or out.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'satellite towns were built to provide for the city's \Ioverspill\j\b\i' (= extra population). \Boverspill\j\b\i (\Boverspilt\j\b\i or \Boverspilled\j\b\i, \Boverspilling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverstate\h
\Pverb\p to exaggerate when stating. \Boverstatement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverstay\h
\Pverb\p to stay beyond the fixed or expected time of.
#
\Hoversteer\h
\Pnoun\p the tendency of a motor vehicle to turn in a tighter circle than would be expected from the amount the front wheels have been turned.
to supply more than is required. \Boversupply\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hovert\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Padjective\p open or unconcealed: 'the review was an \Iovert\j\b\i attack on the author'. \Bovertly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come upon unexpectedly: 'a storm \Iovertook\j\b\i us as we reached the top of the mountain'.
#
\Hovertax\h
\Pverb\p to impose too high a tax.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they \Iovertaxed\j\b\i themselves by the long walk' (= exhausted).
#
\Hoverthrow\h
\Pverb\p (\Boverthrew\j\b\i, \Boverthrown\j\b\i)
to defeat or destroy: 'the government was \Ioverthrown\j\b\i by the revolution'. \Boverthrow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hovertime\h
\Pnoun\p a) any extra work done by an exployee outside the regular working hours. b) the payment received for this work, usually at least one and a half times the normal wage. \Bovertime\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hovertone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an additional or suggested meaning: 'despite his smile, his voice carried an \Iovertone\j\b\i of malice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jharmonic\j\b\i.
#
\Hovertook\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bovertake\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverture\h
\Isay\j\b\i over-\CX1t'y\j\b\ioor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an orchestral introduction to an opera or ballet.
\CX12.\j\b\i an opening or introductory part, especially a proposal or offer.
#
\Hoverturn\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn over or upside down.
\CX12.\j\b\i to defeat or conquer. \Boverturn\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverweening\h
\Padjective\p extreme or exaggerated: 'we were angered by his \Ioverweening\j\b\i vanity'. \Boverweeningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverweight\h
\Padjective\p over the normal or required weight. \Boverweight\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverwhelm\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to overcome completely: 'they were \Ioverwhelmed\j\b\i with grief at the death of the dog'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to submerge or cover: 'the town was \Ioverwhelmed\j\b\i by the flood'. \Boverwhelmingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hoverwork\h
\Pverb\p to work or cause to work too hard.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she tends to \Ioverwork\j\b\i her jokes' (= use too often or too much).
#
\Hoverwrought\h
\Isay\j\b\i over-\CX1rawt\j\b\i \Padjective\p extremely nervous or excited.
#
\Hoviduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-vee-dukt \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a tube carrying ova from an ovary to the exterior.
\Isay\j\b\i ovvi-\CX1pozz\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an organ at the end of the abdomen in certain insects, through which eggs are deposited.
#
\Hovoid\h
\Padjective\p having the form or shape of an egg.
#
\Hovulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ov\j\b\i-yoolate \Pverb\p \IBiology:\j\b\i to release eggs from an ovary.
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\Hovule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ov\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the part of a flower containing the egg cell which develops into a seed after fertilisation. \Bovular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hovum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-vum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bova\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the female reproductive cell. Latin, egg
to have a duty to do or provide: a) 'you \Iowe\j\b\i me a dollar that I lent you last week'; b) 'I \Iowe\j\b\i you an apology for my rudeness'.
\Bowing to\j\b\i, on account of: '\Iowing to\j\b\i rain the match was postponed'.
#
\Howl\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of nocturnal birds with a broad, flat head, large eyes, and a short hooked beak. \Bowlet\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a young owl; \Bowlish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, solemn like an owl.
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\Hown\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i bone \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have as one's possession.
\CX12.\j\b\i to acknowledge or admit: 'I \Iown\j\b\i that you have proved me wrong'.
\Bown up\j\b\i, 'you must \Iown up\j\b\i if you did break the window' (= confess).
\Bown\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
belonging to the person or thing indicated: 'is that your \Iown\j\b\i car?'.
\Bown\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome into one's own\j\b\i, to obtain one's rightful position, etc.
\Bget one's own back\j\b\i, to get revenge.
\Bof one's own\j\b\i, 'you should save up for a car \Iof your own\j\b\i' (= belonging to yourself).
\Bon one's own\j\b\i, a) 'I went to the cinema \Ion my own\j\b\i' (= alone); b) 'you are \Ion your own\j\b\i in this matter' (= responsible alone, independent). \Bowner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who owns or possesses; \Bownership\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hox\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Boxen\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an old term meaning a castrated bull used for draught work.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) male or female draught cattle.
#
\Hoxbow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1oks\j\b\i-bo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bow-shaped piece of wood placed around the neck of an ox as part of a harness.
\CX12.\j\b\i a billabong.
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\Hoxidant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\isi-d'nt \Pnoun\p the substance which supplies the oxygen in an oxidation reaction, especially for the burning process in a rocket engine.
#
\Hoxidation\h
\Isay\j\b\i oksi-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p also called \Boxidisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i oksi-die-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n)
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a) the combination of a substance with oxygen. b) the loss of hydrogen from a substance. c) the loss of an electron from an atom or ion. \Boxidise\j\b\i, \Boxidize\j\b\i, \Boxidate\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i; \Boxidiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoxide\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any simple compound containing oxygen and one other element.
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\Hoxtail\h
\Pnoun\p the skinned tail of an ox, used in soups or stews.
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\Hoxyacetylene burner\h
\Isay\j\b\i oksia-\CX1sett\j\b\ia-leen burner a device for producing a very high-temperature flame (about 3300░C) by burning a mixture of oxygen and acetylene in a special jet, used for welding and metal cutting.
#
\Hoxygen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ok\j\b\isi-j'n \Pnoun\p element number 8, a colourless, odourless gas, the most abundant in the earth's crust, forming about 21 per cent of the earth's atmosphere. It is essential for combustion and living tissues and is used in welding and metal cutting. \Boxygenate\j\b\i, \Boxygenise\j\b\i, \Boxygenize\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i, to treat or combine with oxygen; \Boxygenation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hoxygen cycle\h
a continuous circulation in nature of oxygen and its compounds between the atmosphere, the soil and organisms.
#
\Hoxygen tent\h
a small plastic tent holding air with a high oxygen content, used to increase the amount of oxygen in the air breathed by a patient.
#
\Hoxyhaemoglobin\h
\Isay\j\b\i oksi-heemo-\CX1glo\j\b\i-bin \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the substance formed when haemoglobin unites with oxygen in the blood.
#
\Hoyez\h
\Isay\j\b\i o-\CX1yez\j\b\i interjection hear! listen! (formerly uttered by town crier or court official). Old French
#
\Hoyster\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of edible, bivalve, marine molluscs, often cultivated for food or for the pearls produced by some forms.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he thinks the world's his \Ioyster\j\b\i' (= there for the taking).
#
\Hozone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1o\j\b\i-zone \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a sharp-smelling, irritating bluish gas (formula O\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i) made by solar action in the upper atmosphere, or by electrical discharge in oxygen (hence its odour is often detectable after an electrical storm). It is a strong oxidising agent and is manufactured for use as a disinfectant or bleach.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) invigorating fresh air. Greek \Iozein\j\b\i to smell
#
\Hozone layer\h
the layer of ozone-rich air in the outer stratosphere that absorbs important amounts of the sun's ultra-violet radiation.
#
\Hpace (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the rate or speed of movement: 'our neighbours live life at a hectic \Ipace\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a single step: 'take one \Ipace\j\b\i forward'. b) the distance covered in a step.
\CX13.\j\b\i the manner of stepping, especially the gait of a horse in which groups of two distinct hoof-beats may be heard as the two legs on one side move together.
\Bput through one's paces\j\b\i, to test the abilities, speed, etc. of a person or thing.
\Bpace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to cover by paces: 'her anxious husband \Ipaced\j\b\i the floor of the maternity ward'. b) to measure by paces: 'he \Ipaced\j\b\i out the distance from the house to the back fence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to set the pace for.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a horse) to exercise in pacing.
#
\Hpace (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-see \Padverb\p, preposition (used to express polite disagreement) with the permission of: 'and, \Ipace\j\b\i Henry Ford, history is not bunk!'.
#
\Hpacemaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, animal or group that sets the pace.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a small electronic machine implanted into a patient and producing an electric current to control the heart rate.
#
\Hpacer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pacemaker.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a horse whose natural gait is a pace. b) a horse bred and trained for pacing.
#
\Hpachyderm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pakk\j\b\ii-derm \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, thick-skinned animals, such as the elephant, hippopotamus or rhinoceros. Greek \Ipakhys\j\b\i thick + \Iderma\j\b\i skin
to calm or make peaceful: 'it is difficult to \Ipacify\j\b\i a crying baby'.
\Bpacifism\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an opposition to all war or violence. \Bpacifist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes in pacifism; \Bpacification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpacific\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, peaceable; \Bpacifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that pacifies.
#
\Hpack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a bundle or parcel of things tied up for carrying: 'a train of mules carrying \Ipacks\j\b\i'. b) a light bag, often with a stiffened frame, for carrying on the back; a rucksack.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any piece of fabric used during a surgical operation to wipe away blood, etc. b) anything placed on the body as a treatment, such as hot or cold cloths, or a cosmetic paste applied to the face.
\CX13.\j\b\i a collection or group: a) 'a \Ipack\j\b\i of nonsense'; b) 'a \Ipack\j\b\i of thieves'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a mass of floating pieces of ice in the sea.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) a set of 52 playing cards containing 13 cards of different value in each of four suits (called clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades). b) a complete set of cards for any particular game. In America called a \Bdeck\j\b\i.
\Bpack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put things into a box, bundle, suitcase, etc.: 'she \Ipacked\j\b\i her clothes and left'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to crush or crowd together: 'people \Ipacked\j\b\i into the store for the sale'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the president got elected only because the meeting was \Ipacked\j\b\i' (= filled with supporters).
\CX13.\j\b\i to put soft material around or into something, to prevent damage, loss or leakage: a) 'glassware \Ipacked\j\b\i in cotton'; b) 'to \Ipack\j\b\i an open wound'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpack it in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'm so sick of this job I feel like \Ipacking it in\j\b\i' (= giving it up, resigning).
\Bpack someone off, send someone packing\j\b\i, to send someone away unceremoniously or in a hurry.
\Bpack up\j\b\i, \Iinformal\j\b\i) 'ten kilometres out of Newcastle the engine \Ipacked up\j\b\i' (= broke down, failed). \Bpacker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or machine that packs things.
#
\Hpackage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pakk\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bundle or parcel.
\CX12.\j\b\i the packing of goods: 'you'll have to pay the cost of \Ipackage\j\b\i as well as freight'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a set of related materials combined for a specific purpose.
\Bpackage deal\j\b\i
a deal which includes a number of matters and has to be accepted as a whole, the less favourable items along with the favourable.
\Bpackage tour\j\b\i
a holiday which is completely arranged beforehand by the organiser. \Bpackage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpacket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small parcel or bundle: 'a \Ipacket\j\b\i of letters'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a ferry.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large sum of money: 'he lost a \Ipacket\j\b\i at the races'.
#
\Hpackhorse\h
\Pnoun\p a horse used to carry goods.
#
\Hpack-rack\h
\Pnoun\p a metal frame placed on the roof of a motor car to carry bulky goods.
#
\Hpacktrain\h
\Pnoun\p a line of animals, especially horses or mules, carrying packs.
#
\Hpact\h
\Isay\j\b\i pakt \Pnoun\p an agreement. Latin \Ipactum\j\b\i agreed
#
\Hpad (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, cushion-like mass, used for comfort, protection, stuffing, etc.: 'the hockey player wore \Ipads\j\b\i to protect herself from injury'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the soft, fleshy underpart of the feet of dogs, foxes, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any sheets of paper held together at one edge, especially for writing letters or notes.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a house or flat. b) a bed.
\Bpad\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpadded\j\b\i, \Bpadding\j\b\i)
to fill with something soft: 'she \Ipadded\j\b\i the seat of the chair with foam rubber'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'when she ran out of things to say in her essay, she \Ipadded\j\b\i it' (= filled space with unnecessary material).
#
\Hpad (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpadded\j\b\i, \Bpadding\j\b\i)
to walk or move softly: '\Ipadding\j\b\i round the house at 4 a.m. trying not to disturb the children'.
#
\Hpaddle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short, thin piece of wood with a flat blade at one end, held in the hand without a rowlock, to propel a boat or canoe.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a paddle, such as a broad flat board on a waterwheel.
\CX13.\j\b\i a turn at the paddle: 'give me a \Ipaddle\j\b\i now, please'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i a wooden panel for controlling a water passage in a lock or sluice. \Bpaddle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to propel a canoe with a paddle.
#
\Hpaddle (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to dabble or play in or as if in shallow water.
\CX12.\j\b\i to swim with short, downward strokes, as ducks do.
#
\Hpaddle-steamer\h
\Pnoun\p a boat propelled by a steam-engine, which turns one or more large paddlewheels through the water.
#
\Hpaddlewheel\h
\Pnoun\p a large wheel with paddles on its circumference, used instead of a propeller to propel a boat.
#
\Hpaddock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small field used as a pasture.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i any enclosed area of land.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i an area in which horses or cars are assembled before a race. \Bpaddock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose or confine in a paddock.
#
\Hpaddy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rage.
#
\Hpaddy fields\h
(in Asia) any land which is flooded for growing rice. Malay \Ipadi\j\b\i rice + \Bfield\j\b\i
#
\Hpaddymelon\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, plump wallabies living in scrub.
#
\Hpaddy wagon\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a police wagon.
#
\Hpaddywhack\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a spanking. \Bpaddywhack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpadlock\h
\Pnoun\p a detachable lock, hanging by a curved bar that is hinged at one end and snapped shut at the other. \Bpadlock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpadre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\i-dray \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (in Italy, Spain, etc.) a title for a priest.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a chaplain.
#
\Hpaean\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-an \Pnoun\p a song of praise, joy or triumph.
#
\Hpaediatrics\h
\Isay\j\b\i peedi-\CX1at\j\b\iriks plural \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bpediatrics\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study and treatment of diseases in children. \Bpaediatric\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpaediatrician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i peedi-a-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a doctor who specialises in the diseases of children. Greek \Ipaidos\j\b\i of a child + \Iiatros\j\b\i healer
#
\Hpaella\h
\Isay\j\b\i pay-\CX1el\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a Spanish casserole made from rice, chicken, meat, seafood, peppers, olives, garlic, etc.
#
\Hpagan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-g'n \Pnoun\p a heathen. \Bpaganism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the beliefs or practices of pagans. Latin \Ipaganus\j\b\i a civilian, because pagans were not considered soldiers of Christ
#
\Hpage (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a sheet of paper in a book, etc. b) one side of this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Battle of Waterloo is a glorious \Ipage\j\b\i in English history' (= episode).
#
\Hpage (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a boy servant or attendant to a person of rank, especially one given education and training in knighthood in exchange for performing household duties.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pageboy.
\Bpage\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to seek a person by having his or her name called, especially in a hotel, club, business, etc.
#
\Hpageant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1paj\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p an elaborate public spectacle, especially one where there is a procession in costume. \Bpageantry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a splendid display.
#
\Hpageboy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bellboy.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hairstyle in which the hair is long, smooth and turned under at the bottom.
\CX13.\j\b\i a young male attendant at a wedding.
#
\Hpager\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-ja \Pnoun\p also called a \Bbeeper\j\b\i
a portable electronic device which uses a high-pitched sound to contact or convey instructions to the person carrying it.
#
\Hpagination\h
\Isay\j\b\i paji-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the numbering of the pages in a book. \Bpaginate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpagoda\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1go\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p an ornate temple in the shape of a pyramid or tower, as in Burma, China, etc.
#
\Hpaid\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bpay\j\b\i.
#
\Hpail\h
\Pnoun\p a bucket.
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\Hpain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any physical or mental suffering.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an annoying person or task.
\Bon pain of\j\b\i, 'the traitor was banished from his homeland \Ion pain of\j\b\i death if he ever returned' (= with the punishment of). \Bpain\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause pain to; \Bpainful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) causing pain, b) laborious or difficult; \Bpainfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpainless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpainlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpainstaking\h
\Padjective\p extremely careful.
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\Hpaint\h
\Pnoun\p a liquid containing a pigment in suspension, which hardens to form an opaque coating when applied to a surface.
\Bpaint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cover or decorate with, or as if with, paint.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to make pictures with paint: 'he \Ipaints\j\b\i small landscapes'. b) to represent or depict in paint: 'I asked her to \Ipaint\j\b\i me'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the novel \Ipaints\j\b\i a graphic picture of the horrors of civil war' (= gives).
b) 'the film was not as awful as it had been \Ipainted\j\b\i' (= made out to be).
\Bpaint the town red\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to celebrate wildly. \Bpainting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a picture made with paints, b) the act or work of a person who paints.
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\Hpainter (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) an artist who paints pictures. b) a person whose work is covering or decorating walls, houses, etc. with paint.
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\Hpainter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a rope used to tie up a small boat.
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\Hpair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a set of two people or things that are the same or go together: a) 'a \Ipair\j\b\i of shoes'; b) 'a harmless \Ipair\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single thing consisting of two parts that cannot be used separately: 'a \Ipair\j\b\i of trousers'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i a) a racing boat for two people who each use one oar. b) the crew of such a boat. \Bpair\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to arrange in pairs, b) to form a pair or pairs.
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\Hpaisley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1paze\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p a) a soft woollen fabric with a very elaborate and colourful pattern. b) the characteristic pattern. first made in \IPaisley\j\b\i, Scotland
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\Hpakeha\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-kee-a \Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i the Maori term for a European or white person.
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\Hpakora\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1kor\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p an Indian savoury snack consisting of diced vegetables dipped in spiced batter and deep-fried.
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\Hpal\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a friend or comrade. \Bpally\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, friendly. Romany, brother
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\Hpalace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large elaborate building used as the official home of a monarch or bishop.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large place for exhibitions or entertainment: 'the local picture \Ipalace\j\b\i' (= cinema). \Bpalatial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a palace; \Bpalatially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \IPalatium\j\b\i the Palatine Hill, Rome, on which the palace of the Emperor Augustus stood
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\Hpaladin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\ia-din \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a knightly hero or champion.
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\Hpalaeo-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\ii-o a prefix meaning old or ancient, as in \IPalaeocene\j\b\i. Greek
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\HPalaeocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\iio-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jtertiary\j\b\i.
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\HPalaeolithic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pallio-\CX1lith\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p See \Jstone age\j\b\i.
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\Hpalaeontology\h
\Isay\j\b\i palli-on-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of fossils. \Bpalaeontological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i palli-onta-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpalaeontologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPalaeozoic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pallio-\CX1zo\j\b\i-ik \Pnoun\p a geological era which extended from about 570 million years ago to 225 million years ago and contains the \BCambrian\j\b\i, \BOrdovician\j\b\i, \BSilurian\j\b\i, \BDevonian\j\b\i, \BCarboniferous\j\b\i and \BPermian\j\b\i periods. During this era green plants became abundant and the first land vertebrates appeared. \BPalaeozoic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpalanquin\h
\Isay\j\b\i pall'n-\CX1keen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a box-like vehicle, carried by means of poles resting on the bearers' shoulders; used in India and other Eastern countries.
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\Hpalate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pal\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the roof of the mouth, hard at the front and soft at the rear.
\CX12.\j\b\i the sense of taste: 'the old wine pleased his \Ipalate\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'romantic novels just do not suit my \Ipalate\j\b\i' (= liking, mental taste).
a) agreeable to the sense of taste. b) agreeable or congenial: 'I don't find his ideas very \Ipalatable\j\b\i'. \Bpalatal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpalatial\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p See \Jpalace\j\b\i.
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\Hpalaver\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lah\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a parley or conference, especially one between traders or explorers and the natives of a country. b) any idle talk, intended to flatter or deceive: 'the smooth \Ipalaver\j\b\i of a salesperson'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any fuss or bother. \Bpalaver\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpalazzo\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lah\j\b\itso \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpalazzi\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lah\j\b\it-see)
\IItalian:\j\b\i a palace or large building.
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\Hpale (1)\h
\Padjective\p without much colour: a) 'a \Ipale\j\b\i complexion'; b) 'a \Ipale\j\b\i moon'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is only a \Ipale\j\b\i resemblance of his former self' (= faint, feeble). \Bpale\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to turn pale; \Bpalely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpaleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpale (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a long narrow board, often pointed at the top, used for fences.
\Bbeyond the pale\j\b\i, socially or morally unacceptable. \Bpale\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to enclose with pales.
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\Hpaleface\h
\Pnoun\p (attributed to the North American Indians) a white person.
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\Hpalette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bpallet\j\b\i
\IArt:\j\b\i a) a board on which a painter mixes colours. b) the range of colours used by a particular painter.
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\Hpalette knife\h
a thin flexible blade used by painters for mixing colours, and applying or removing paint from a surface. Compare \Jpallet knife\j\b\i.
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\Hpalimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pal\j\b\i-e-monee \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any regular payment of money from one person to another after the end of a long-term relationship.
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\Hpalindrome\h
\Pnoun\p a word or words which are spelt the same backwards as they are forwards. \IExample:\j\b\i was it a cat I saw? Greek \Ipalindromos\j\b\i a running back again
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\Hpaling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-ling \Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i a strip of metal or wood used as part of a fence.
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\Hpalisade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\ii-sade \Pnoun\p a fence made of upright stakes or palings, used as a defence, etc.
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\Hpall (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pawl \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cloth spread over a coffin.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a heavy \Ipall\j\b\i of smoke lay over the industrial town' (= covering).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a woollen cloak worn by the Pope as a sign of his office. Latin \Ipallium\j\b\i covering, cloak
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\Hpall (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pawl \Pverb\p to have a wearying effect: 'after listening to him for two hours, his monotonous voice began to \Ipall\j\b\i on me'.
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\Hpalladium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1lay\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p element number 46, a rare metal, occurring with and similar to platinum, used in alloys and as a catalyst. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hpallbearer\h
\Pnoun\p a person helping to carry the coffin at a funeral.
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\Hpallet (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a bed or mattress of straw. b) a small bed. French \Ipaille\j\b\i straw
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\Hpallet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat blade with a handle used by potters for shaping or mixing clay, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a movable platform for the storage or transportation of goods, especially one designed to be lifted by a fork-lift truck.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i a palette.
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\Hpallet knife\h
a flat, kitchen utensil with a handle, used to lift cakes. Compare \Jpallete knife\j\b\i.
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\Hpalliasse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\ii-ass \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bpaillasse\j\b\i
a mattress filled with straw. French \Ipaille\j\b\i straw
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\Hpalliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pall\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make something appear less serious: 'in her speech to the jury the lawyer tried to \Ipalliate\j\b\i her client's offence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i to ease or relieve the symptoms of a disease without curing it. \Bpalliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpalliative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to palliate; \Bpalliative\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which palliates. Latin \Ipalliatus\j\b\i covered with a cloak
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\Hpallid\h
\Padjective\p pale or wan: 'the \Ipallid\j\b\i complexion of a sickly child'. \Bpallidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpallidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpallor\h
\Pnoun\p an unnatural paleness, such as is caused by illness, fear, death, etc.
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\Hpally\h
\Padjective\p See \Jpal\j\b\i.
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\Hpalm (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pahm \Pnoun\p a) the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. b) the part of a glove covering the palm.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgrease, oil someone's palm\j\b\i, to bribe someone.
\Bhave an itching palm\j\b\i, to be greedy for money, especially to be always ready to receive a bribe.
\Bpalm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to conceal in the hand: 'the conjuror \Ipalmed\j\b\i the coin and the audience thought it had vanished into thin air'.
\Bpalm off\j\b\i, to dispose of something unwanted by getting someone else to accept it, especially by fraudulent means.
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\Hpalm (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pahm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of mainly tropical or subtropical trees, usually tall, branchless and with a crown of long leaves.
\CX12.\j\b\i a leaf or branch of a palm as a symbol of victory. \Bpalmy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpalmate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pal\j\b\i-mate \Padjective\p having the shape of an open palm, e.g. a leaf or antler.
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\Hpalmistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\imis-tree \Pnoun\p also called \Bpalm-reading\j\b\i
the study of lines on the palm of a hand, allegedly to discover a person's character or destiny. \Bpalmist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises palmistry.
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\Hpalomino\h
\Isay\j\b\i palla-\CX1mee\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a breed of golden or tan horses, with a white mane and tail, originally bred in America. Spanish, like a dove
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\Hpalpable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pal\j\b\ipa-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i able to be touched or felt.
\CX12.\j\b\i obvious: 'a \Ipalpable\j\b\i lie'. \Bpalpably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpalpate\h
\Pverb\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i to examine by touching or feeling.
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\Hpalpitate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to tremble or quiver: 'his body \Ipalpitated\j\b\i with terror'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of the heart) to beat unnaturally fast, e.g. from exertion, fear, illness, etc. \Bpalpitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pawl\j\b\i-ta \Pverb\p to talk or act insincerely: 'don't \Ipalter\j\b\i with me; I want the truth'.
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\Hpaltry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pawl\j\b\i-tree \Padjective\p a) trifling or almost worthless: 'a \Ipaltry\j\b\i sum'. b) mean or petty: 'a \Ipaltry\j\b\i coward'. \Bpaltrily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpaltriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpampas\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsteppe\j\b\i. Spanish, plains
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\Hpampas grass\h
any of a group of large, coarse, perennial, South American grasses with large feathery flowers.
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\Hpamper\h
\Pverb\p to treat very indulgently: a) 'to \Ipamper\j\b\i an invalid'; b) 'the aristocracy of Europe \Ipampered\j\b\i themselves'.
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\Hpamphlet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pam\j\b\i-flit \Pnoun\p a) a booklet in paper covers, especially one dealing with a question of current interest: 'a political \Ipamphlet\j\b\i'. b) a leaflet. \Bpamphleteer\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pam-flit\CX1teer\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to write and issue pamphlets; \Bpamphleteer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes pamphlets.
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\Hpan (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a round metal vessel, usually shallow, used for cooking, etc. b) anything which has the shape of a pan, such as the dishes on a weighing device.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the face.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a depression in the ground: 'a \Isaltpan\j\b\i'.
\Bpan\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpanned\j\b\i, \Bpanning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to wash gold-bearing sand, gravel, etc. in a pan to separate the gold.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to dismiss as worthless or criticise severely: 'the critic \Ipanned\j\b\i the new film'.
\Bpan out\j\b\i, 'how did your plans for the trip \Ipan out\j\b\i?' (= turn out).
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\Hpan (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) the betel leaf. b) a substance made from this leaf and other ingredients, chewed in India and other parts of Asia.
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\Hpan (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpanned\j\b\i, \Bpanning\j\b\i)
short form of \Bpanorama\j\b\i
\IFilm:\j\b\i to swing a camera around horizontally from a fixed position, so as to cover a wide area, etc.
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\HPan (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the god of flocks and herds, with the upper body of a man and the ears, horns and legs of a goat.
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\Hpan (5)\h
\Padjective\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i See \Jpanchromatic\j\b\i.
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\Hpan-\h
a prefix meaning all, as in \Ipanchromatic\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hpanacea\h
\Isay\j\b\i panna-\CX1see\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a universal remedy.
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\Hpanache\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1nash\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i style: 'she carried off the performance with great \Ipanache\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plume or bunch of feathers, especially one worn as an ornament on a helmet.
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\Hpanama hat\h
a) a hat made of the plaited leaves of a South American plant. b) any wide-brimmed hat made from plaited straw. after \IPanama\j\b\i, in Central America
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\Hpanatella\h
\Isay\j\b\i panna-\CX1tell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a long, thin cigar. Spanish, a long, thin biscuit
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\Hpancake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin batter made of beaten eggs, milk and flour, lightly fried to form a flat cake-like food.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBeauty:\j\b\i a solid cake of make-up which combines foundation and powder.
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\Hpanchromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pan-kro-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p short form is \Bpan\j\b\i
\IPhotography:\j\b\i (of a black and white film) sensitive to light of all colours.
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\Hpancreas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pan\j\b\i-kree-ass \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a gland lying under the stomach, secreting the hormone insulin and producing digestive juices which pass into the duodenum. \Bpancreatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pan-kree-\CX1att\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpanda\h
\Pnoun\p a large, white, bear-like mammal, with black legs and black around the eyes, which feeds almost exclusively on bamboo shoots, fish and small rodents and is found in the mountains of central China and Tibet.
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\Hpandemonium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pandi-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i uproar: 'during the school holidays the home was in \Ipandemonium\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMythology:\j\b\i the place where all demons or evil spirits live. from \Bpan-\j\b\i + Greek \Idaimon\j\b\i demon
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\Hpander\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to indulge or gratify: 'they \Ipandered\j\b\i to their sick child's every whim'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to act as a go-between in intrigues of love. \Bpander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPandora's box\h
\IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a box containing all the evils which was opened by Pandora (the equivalent of Eve), thus letting them escape to plague mankind thereafter.
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\Hpane\h
\Pnoun\p a single sheet of glass. A \Bwindow pane\j\b\i is set in a frame and used as a window.
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\Hpanegyric\h
\Isay\j\b\i panni-\CX1jirr\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a eulogy.
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\Hpanel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a separate part of a door, ceiling, wainscot, etc., usually raised above or sunk below the surrounding area.
\CX12.\j\b\i a broad strip of cloth set into a piece of clothing and usually of a different colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i a thin, flat piece of wood, etc., such as one on which a picture is painted.
\CX14.\j\b\i a group of people gathered together to take part in a discussion, judge a contest, etc.: 'a \Ipanel\j\b\i of jurors'.
\CX15.\j\b\i the part of a machine on which controls, etc. are mounted.
\CX16.\j\b\i a sheet of metal used in motor vehicle construction. \Bpanel\j\b\i (\Bpanelled\j\b\i, \Bpanelling\j\b\i) \Iverb\j\b\i, to furnish or decorate with panels; \Bpanelling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) wood or other material made into panels, b) any or all panels; \Bpanellist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a panel.
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\Hpanel van\h
in America called a \Bpanel truck\j\b\i
a motor vehicle for carrying light goods, consisting of a motor car with the rear part of its body enlarged to form a van.
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\Hpang\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, short, sharp pain or feeling: a) '\Ipangs\j\b\i of hunger'; b) 'a \Ipang\j\b\i of regret'.
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\Hpanhandle\h
\Pverb\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to beg. \Bpanhandler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpanic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extreme and unreasoning fear: a) 'there was a general \Ipanic\j\b\i when the theatre caught fire'; b) 'I got into a real \Ipanic\j\b\i when I thought I was drowning'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to worry unnecessarily. \Bpanic\j\b\i (\Bpanicked\j\b\i, \Bpanicking\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to affect with or be stricken by panic; \Bpanicky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) liable to panic, b) in a state of panic; \Bpanic-stricken\j\b\i, \Bpanic-struck\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, full of panic. Greek \IPanikos\j\b\i caused by Pan, who was believed to be the cause of sudden or groundless fear
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\Hpannier\h
\Pnoun\p a large basket, for carrying on a person's back, or one of a pair slung across the back of an animal, motorcycle, etc. Latin \Ipanarium\j\b\i a basket for bread
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\Hpannikin\h
\Pnoun\p a small metal cup.
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\Hpanoply\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pann\j\b\ia-plee \Pnoun\p a brilliant covering or array: 'the tribal chieftain wore his \Ipanoply\j\b\i of furs and feathers'.
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\Hpanorama\h
\Isay\j\b\i panna-\CX1rah\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p an unbroken view over a wide area.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my novel is a \Ipanorama\j\b\i of life in Australia' (= comprehensive survey).
b) 'she observed the \Ipanorama\j\b\i of seething city life' (= continuously changing scene).
\Bpanorama\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IFilm:\j\b\i See \Jpan (3)\j\b\i. \Bpanoramic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i panna-\CX1ramm\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpansy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pan\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of small plants, often cultivated for its brightly coloured flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an effeminate man.
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\Hpant\h
\Pverb\p to breathe hard and quickly, as from exertion.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the steam train stood \Ipanting\j\b\i in the railway yard' (= emitting puffs of steam).
b) 'he had long \Ipanted\j\b\i for his revenge' (= yearned).
c) 'he climbed the steps to the gallows with his heart \Ipanting\j\b\i within him' (= violently throbbing). \Bpant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpantingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpantaloons\h
plural \Pnoun\p any of various kinds of trousers.
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\Hpantechnichon\h
\Pnoun\p a large furniture removal van. the name of an old furniture repository in London
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\Hpantheism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pan\j\b\i-thee-izm \Pnoun\p the belief that God and nature, or the universe, are the same. \Bpantheist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes in pantheism; \Bpantheistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pan-thee-\CX1is\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bpan-\j\b\i + Greek \Itheos\j\b\i god
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\Hpantheon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pan\j\b\i-thee-on \Pnoun\p a) all the gods of a particular mythology. b) a temple dedicated to them.
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\Hpanther\h
\Pnoun\p popular name for the leopard, especially the black leopard, and for the North American mountain lion.
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\Hpantomime\h
\Pnoun\p a form of entertainment, traditionally performed at Christmas, usually based on a fairytale with modern songs or comedy added.
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\Hpantry\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Blarder\j\b\i
a room or large cupboard for storing food. Old French \Ipanetier\j\b\i a servant in charge of bread
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\Hpants\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) trousers. b) underpants.
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\Hpantyhose\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpantyhose\j\b\i
also called \Btights\j\b\i
an item of underwear consisting of stockings and underpants in one piece.
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\Hpanzer\h
\Padjective\p (of troops) using armoured vehicles. \Bpanzer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a tank.
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\Hpap (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any soft food, such as bread soaked in milk, eaten by babies and invalids.
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\Hpap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a teat or nipple.
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\Hpapacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-pa-see \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a) the rank, office or period of a pope. b) the system of church government in which a pope is supreme leader.
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\Hpapal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-p'l \Padjective\p of or relating to a pope, papacy or the Roman Catholic Church.
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\Hpaparazzi\h
\Isay\j\b\i pappa-\CX1rart\j\b\izi plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the reporters and the news photographers who work with them, especially those who pursue celebrities for lurid or extravagant material.
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\Hpapaya\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1pie\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p a pawpaw.
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\Hpaper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a substance, often made from wood pulp, consisting of thin sheets used in writing, printing, wrapping, etc. b) a piece or sheet of this substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a newspaper.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) documents of identity.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the professor read a \Ipaper\j\b\i on Egyptian mummies' (= essay, article).
b) 'she thinks she has failed the physics \Ipaper\j\b\i' (= written examination).
\Bon paper\j\b\i, 'your plan sounds fine \Ion paper\j\b\i, but will it work in practice?' (= in theory).
\Bpaper\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover, line or decorate with paper, e.g. a wall or shelf.
\Bpaper\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
made or consisting of paper: 'a \Ipaper\j\b\i bag'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'all this company ever makes is \Ipaper\j\b\i profits' (= existing only in the accounting books). \Bpapery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, thin or flimsy like paper. Latin \Ipapyrus\j\b\i
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\Hpaperback\h
\Pnoun\p a book bound with a flexible paper cover. Compare \Jhardback\j\b\i.
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\Hpaperbark\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmelaleuca\j\b\i.
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\Hpaperclip\h
\Pnoun\p a metal or plastic clasp for holding loose papers together.
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\Hpaperhanger\h
\Pnoun\p a professional hanger of wallpaper.
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\Hpaperknife\h
\Pnoun\p a knife-like instrument for opening letters, etc.
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\Hpaper tape\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a strip of paper punched with holes representing information which can be fed into a computer.
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\Hpaper tiger\h
a person or thing that appears strong but is really weak.
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\Hpaperweight\h
\Pnoun\p a small, heavy object placed on top of loose papers to keep them in place.
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\Hpaperwork\h
\Pnoun\p any written, clerical or administrative work, especially as part of one's normal occupation.
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\Hpapier-mΓchΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i pappia-\CX1mash\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a lightweight substance made of any mashed paper, usually newspaper soaked in water, applied in layers with glue and used to make simple models, trays, boxes, etc. and often lacquered, gilded and painted. French \ImΓchΘ\j\b\i chewed + \Ipapier\j\b\i paper
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\Hpapilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1pill\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) a nipple. b) any small nipple-like structure, such as a tastebud or a hair root. \Bpapillary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpapilloma\h
\Isay\j\b\i pappi-\CX1lo\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p a small skin tumour, such as a wart or corn.
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\Hpapist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-pist \Pnoun\p a supporter of the pope. \Bpapism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpapoose\h
\Pnoun\p a North American Indian baby or young child.
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\Hpappadum\h
\Pnoun\p a flat, round, crisp Indian wafer bread made of lentil flour, spices and water.
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\Hpaprika\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1pree\j\b\ika \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pap\j\b\irika \Pnoun\p a red spice made from ground capsicum. Hungarian
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\Hpapyrus\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1pie\j\b\i-rus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpapyri\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1pie\j\b\i-ree)
\CX11.\j\b\i a tall, aquatic, rush-like plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i a material used for writing on by ancient civilisations, especially the Egyptians, made from soaked, dried and compressed strips of papyrus stem.
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\Hpar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an average or normal amount, degree, condition, etc.: 'the quality of your work is well above \Ipar\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i the nominal or face value of a stock or share.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i the average number of strokes that a first-class player, making no mistakes, should take for each hole or a number of holes. Compare \Jbogey\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Babove par\j\b\i, priced above face value.
\Bat par\j\b\i, at face value.
\Bbelow par\j\b\i, priced below face value.
\Bon a par\j\b\i, 'your work is \Ion a par\j\b\i with mine' (= equal in amount, quality, etc.). Latin, equal
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\Hpara-\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra a prefix meaning: a) near or beside, as in \Iparamilitary\j\b\i; b) beyond, as in \Iparanormal\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hparable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-b'l \Pnoun\p a short story which illustrates a moral or lesson. Greek \IparabolΘ\j\b\i comparison
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\Hparabola\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rabb\j\b\ia-la \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a plane, regular curve formed when a cone is intercut by a plane which is parallel to the side of the cone. See \Jconic section\j\b\i. \Bparabolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1boll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or having the form of a parabola.
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\Hparachute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-shoot \Pnoun\p an umbrella shaped canopy of lightweight fabric which permits a person or cargo to drop safely to the ground from a height owing to air filling the canopy and retarding its downward fall. \Bparachute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to descend or land by parachute; \Bparachutist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Iparer\j\b\i to prevent or avoid + \Ichute\j\b\i fall
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\Hparachute brake\h
a parachute released behind a landing aircraft to slow it down.
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\HParaclete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-kleet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the Holy Spirit.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) a helper or comforter.
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\Hparade\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ceremonial procession, as held on a festive occasion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an orderly assembly of troops for inspection or display. b) a parade ground.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he constantly makes a \Iparade\j\b\i of his abilities' (= display, exhibition).
\CX13.\j\b\i a street.
\Bparade ground\j\b\i
a place where troops assemble for inspection and parade. \Bparade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hparadigm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-dime \Pnoun\p a pattern or example, especially of the principal parts of irregular \Pverb\ps, etc. \Bparadigmatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place of extreme beauty or delight. ancient Persian, an enclosed garden
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\Hparadox\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-doks \Pnoun\p a) a statement which appears to contradict itself, often made intentionally to emphasise a point. b) a person or situation that is puzzling because of contradictory qualities. \Bparadoxical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1doks\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a paradox; \Bparadoxically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a mixture of hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, used as fuel, solvents and oil bases.
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\Hparaffins\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jalkanes\j\b\i.
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\Hparaffin wax\h
a white translucent solid, melting to a clear liquid and used for candles, waxed paper and polishes.
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\Hparagon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-g'n \Pnoun\p a model of excellence: 'my daughter is a \Iparagon\j\b\i of good behaviour'.
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\Hparagraph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-graf \Pnoun\p a group of sentences placed together because they have a common idea, usually beginning on a new line. \Bparagraph\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to divide into paragraphs.
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\Hparakeet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-keet \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bparoquet\j\b\i
also called a \Blorikeet\j\b\i
any of various small, slender Australian parrots such as the budgerigar.
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\Hparallax\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-laks \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the apparent change in the position or direction of an object due to the observer changing his or her position. \Bparallactic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bparallactically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iparallaxis\j\b\i change
\CX11.\j\b\i of the same direction or tendency: a) 'the road runs \Iparallel\j\b\i to the river'; b) 'my thoughts are \Iparallel\j\b\i to yours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to lines or planes that never meet, no matter how far they are extended.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i (of two or more conductors) connected between the same two points, so that the electric current is divided between the conductors. Compare \Jseries\j\b\i.
\Bparallel\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an analogy or comparison: 'there is a \Iparallel\j\b\i between your behaviour and that of a mad dog'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the brilliance of his last novel is without \Iparallel\j\b\i' (= equal, match).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a line of latitude. \Bparallel\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to be parallel to, b) to compare. Greek \Iparallelos\j\b\i side by side
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\Hparallelism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-lel-izm \Pnoun\p a) the state of being parallel. b) similarity.
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\Hparallelogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1lell\j\b\ia-gram \Pnoun\p a quadrilateral having opposite sides equal and parallel, such as a rhombus or square.
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\Hparalyse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-lize \Pverb\p paralyze to affect with paralysis: 'his legs were \Iparalysed\j\b\i after the accident'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Iparalysed\j\b\i with terror when she saw the ghost' (= helpless).
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\Hparalysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rall\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bparalyses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rall\j\b\ia-seez)
\IMedicine:\j\b\i the loss of voluntary movement of the muscles.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the strikes caused a \Iparalysis\j\b\i in the shipping trade' (= stoppage, inability to function).
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\Hparalytic\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1litt\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a person affected with paralysis of the entire body.
\Bparalytic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of, like or affected with paralysis.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) extremely drunk.
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\Hparamecium\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1mee\j\b\isium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bparamecia\j\b\i
a microscopic freshwater animal with hair-like threads on its outer surface which help it to move.
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\Hparamedical\h
\Padjective\p relating to the supplementary work within the medical profession, such as social work, etc. \Bparamedic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hparameter\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ramm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a variable in terms of which other interrelated variables are expressed and upon which they may then be regarded as being dependent.
\CX12.\j\b\i a numerical characteristic of a statistical population.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any limiting factor or boundary of a topic or issue. \Bparametric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1met\j\b\irik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hparamilitary\h
\Padjective\p having a military structure or organisation which is supplementary to the regular armed forces.
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\Hparamount\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-mount \Padjective\p superior or supreme: 'this word is of \Iparamount\j\b\i importance'.
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\Hparamour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-mor \Pnoun\p a lover, especially one of a married person.
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\Hparanoia\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1noy\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a mental disorder marked by the unjustified belief that one is being persecuted, usually accompanied by megalomania and insane distrust.
also called \Bparanoiac\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1noy\j\b\i-ak)
of, relating to or affected by paranoia. \Bparanoid\j\b\i, \Bparanoiac\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person affected with paranoia. Greek, derangement
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\Hparanormal\h
\Padjective\p not able to be explained by normal scientific laws: 'telepathy is a \Iparanormal\j\b\i means of communication'.
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\Hparapet\h
\Pnoun\p a) a low, defensive wall or bank in front of a trench or other fortification. b) a low wall around the edge of a balcony or the top of a building.
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\Hparaphernalia\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-f'\CX1nay\j\b\i-lee-a plural \Pnoun\p miscellaneous belongings or equipment.
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\Hparaphrase\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-fraze \Pnoun\p the rewording of a piece of writing to make it shorter or clearer. \Bparaphrase\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hparaplegic\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1plee\j\b\i-jik \Padjective\p having both arms or both legs paralysed. \Bparaplegia\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bparaplegic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is paraplegic.
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\Hparapsychology\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-sigh-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p also called \Bpsychical research\j\b\i
the study of psychological phenomena which cannot be scientifically explained, e.g. clairvoyance, telepathy, seeing ghosts, etc. \Bparapsychological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parra-sigh-ka-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hparasailing\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of flying with the aid of a parachute while being towed by a motorboat.
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\Hparasite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parra\j\b\i-site \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who lives on others and gives nothing in return.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an organism which can obtain food only by living in or on another organism.
of, pertaining to or like a parasite. \Bparasitically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bparasitism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iparasitos\j\b\i dinner guest
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\Hparasitology\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-sigh-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of parasites, a branch of biology. \Bparasitologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hparasol\h
\Pnoun\p a light umbrella made of cloth or stiffened paper, for protection from sunlight.
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\Hparatha\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rah\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p an unleavened Indian bread made from a rich dough which is fried until flaky. Hindi
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\Hparatrooper\h
\Pnoun\p a soldier trained and equipped to parachute from aircraft, especially in order to fight behind enemy lines. \Bparatroops\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, any or all paratroopers.
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\Hpar avion\h
(of a letter) air mail. French, by aeroplane
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\Hparboil\h
\Pverb\p to boil food until it is partly cooked.
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\Hparcel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p a collection or quantity of goods wrapped up together, such as groceries, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he bought a \Iparcel\j\b\i of land at the back of the estate' (= piece).
\Bparcel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bparcelled\j\b\i, \Bparcelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make up into a parcel.
\CX12.\j\b\i to divide up or distribute something.
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\Hparch\h
\Pverb\p to make hot and dry: 'the desert winds \Iparched\j\b\i the weary pilgrims'.
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\Hparchment\h
\Pnoun\p a) the skin of animals prepared as a surface for writing. b) a paper resembling parchment.
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\Hpardon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i courteous patience, as in excusing a fault, etc.: 'I beg your \Ipardon\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the releasing of a convicted criminal from punishment for a crime.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i an indulgence.
\Bpardon\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make allowance for: '\Ipardon\j\b\i my interruption, but it's time to go'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to release a person from a penalty or liability for a crime.
\Bpardon\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
(used as a question) what did you say? \Bpardonable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able or worthy to be pardoned.
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\Hpardoner\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a person appointed to sell religious pardons for sins.
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\Hpare\h
\Pverb\p to cut or peel off the outer layer or edge of something: 'she \Ipared\j\b\i her fingernails'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Ipare\j\b\i down your expenses' (= reduce). \Bparing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of a person or thing that pares, b) a part that is pared off.
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\Hparegoric\h
\Isay\j\b\i parra-\CX1gorr\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a soothing medicine, such as one used to check diarrhoea, etc.
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\Hparent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pair\j\b\i-ent \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a living thing which produces other similar living things; a mother or father.
of or like a parent: 'these children need \Iparental\j\b\i discipline'. \Bparentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bparenthood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bparenting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal), the performance of the role of a parent.
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\Hparentage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pair\j\b\ien-tij \Pnoun\p origin or descent: 'he's a man of noble \Iparentage\j\b\i'.
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\Hparenthesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ren\j\b\itha-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bparentheses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ren\j\b\itha-seez)
\CX11.\j\b\i a word or words inserted into a sentence or passage as a separate comment.
\CX12.\j\b\i the punctuation marks used to enclose a word or words which may interrupt the flow of a sentence. \IExample:\j\b\i the aeroplane landed in Perth (Australia) at 9.00 a.m. \Bparenthesise\j\b\i, \Bparenthesize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bparenthetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parren-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek, putting in beside
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\Hpar excellence\h
\Isay\j\b\i par eksa-\CX1lonce\j\b\i superior to all others: 'her mother is a cook \Ipar excellence\j\b\i'. French
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\Hparfait\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-fay \Pnoun\p a rich, frozen, flavoured dessert of egg and ice-cream or whipped cream.
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\Hpariah\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rye\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a person or animal that is despised; an outcast.
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\Hparietal\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rye\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to part of the wall of a structure.
\Bparietal bone\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two bones forming the upper sides and roof of the skull.
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\Hparing\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpare\j\b\i.
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\Hparish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\iish \Pnoun\p a) a district with its own church and cleric. b) a local government area based on this.
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\Hparishioner\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1rish\j\b\iina \Pnoun\p a) a person who lives in a parish. b) a person who attends a parish church.
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\Hparity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p equality or equivalence: a) 'everyone in this school receives \Iparity\j\b\i of treatment'; b) 'the two currencies are at \Iparity\j\b\i'. Latin \Ipar\j\b\i equal
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\Hpark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an area of open land, usually with trees, etc., set aside for public recreational use.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large scenic area set aside to preserve its beauty and the plants and animals it contains.
\Bcar park\j\b\i, an area set aside for parking cars.
\Bpark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to leave a vehicle in a particular place.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) '\Ipark\j\b\i your bags in the hall' (= leave).
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\Hparka\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Banorak\j\b\i
a waterproof jacket, usually with a hood, originally a fur jacket worn in Asia and Alaska. Eskimo
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\HParkinson's disease\h
a form of paralysis causing uncontrollable shaking of the limbs and a mask-like face. after \IJ. Parkinson\j\b\i, 1755-1824, a British doctor
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\HParkinson's law\h
a humorous law stating that 'work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion' and 'subordinates multiply at a fixed rate regardless of the amount of work produced'. invented in 1958 by \IC. N. Parkinson\j\b\i, a British historian
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\Hparkland\h
\Pnoun\p an area of grass with scattered trees.
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\Hparlance\h
\Pnoun\p a way of speaking: 'medical \Iparlance\j\b\i is difficult for ordinary people to understand'.
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\Hparley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p an informal discussion, especially with an enemy to discuss terms. \Bparley\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hparliament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\ila-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an assembly of representatives from all parts of a country that meets to make laws, advise the government, control taxation and expenditure, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the House of Representatives and the Senate. \Bparliamentary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a parliament. Old French \Iparlement\j\b\i talking
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\Hparliamentarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i parla-men-\CX1tair\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a person who is experienced in parliamentary debate and procedure. \Bparliamentarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the supporting of a parliamentary system of government.
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\Hparlour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p parlor \CX11.\j\b\i an old word for a living room or room where visitors are entertained.
\CX12.\j\b\i a commercial establishment: 'a pancake \Iparlour\j\b\i'.
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\Hparlous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\ilus \Padjective\p an old word meaning dangerous or very bad: 'things are in a \Iparlous\j\b\i state'.
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\Hparochial\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ro\j\b\i-kee-ul \Padjective\p of or relating to a parish: 'the deaconess' \Iparochial\j\b\i duties took up much of her time'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her hatred of everything to do with computers shows a very \Iparochial\j\b\i outlook' (= narrow, limited). \Bparochially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bparochialism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hparody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p a humorous imitation of a serious piece of writing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a mere \Iparody\j\b\i of a real gentleman' (= weak imitation). \Bparody\j\b\i (\Bparodied\j\b\i, \Bparodying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hparole\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1role\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i the early release of a prisoner on a promise of good behaviour. Compare \Jprobation\j\b\i. \Bparole\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to release a prisoner on parole. French, word (of honour)
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\Hparoquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\ia-keet \Pnoun\p a parakeet.
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\Hparoxysm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1parr\j\b\iok-sizm \Pnoun\p a sudden, uncontrolled fit of pain, coughing, laughter, anger, etc. Greek \Iparoxysmos\j\b\i irritation
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\Hparquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\ikay \Pnoun\p a pattern of inlaid pieces of wood, used to make floors, etc.
inlaid and patterned woodwork. \Bparquet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hparricide\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the crime of killing either of one's parents or a close relative. b) the person who does this. c) treason. Latin \Ipater\j\b\i father or \Iparens\j\b\i parent + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hparrot\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of brightly coloured birds with hooked bills and fleshy tongues, some of which have a gift for mimicry.
\Bparrot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to imitate or repeat words like a parrot: 'having no original ideas, he \Iparrots\j\b\i what others say'.
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\Hparrot fever\h
psittacosis.
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\Hparry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bparried\j\b\i, \Bparrying\j\b\i)
to evade or deflect: a) 'she \Iparried\j\b\i the reporter's questions about her private life'; b) 'he \Iparried\j\b\i his opponent's sword thrust'. \Bparry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hparse\h
\Isay\j\b\i parz \Pverb\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i to give each word in a phrase, sentence, etc. its grammatical description.
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\Hparsec\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of length used in astronomy and equal to about 3[***1/4] light years or 3.08 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 10{\up6 16\j\b\i m. \Bpar\j\b\i(allax) + \Bsec\j\b\i(ond)
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\Hparsimonious\h
\Isay\j\b\i parsi-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p extremely frugal, miserly or stingy. \Bparsimoniously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bparsimony\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-simma-nee), \Inoun\j\b\i. from Latin
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\Hparsley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-slee \Pnoun\p a garden plant with green, crinkled leaves used for flavouring and to decorate food.
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\Hparsnip\h
\Pnoun\p a white, fleshy, cone-shaped root used as a vegetable.
the fatty tail of cooked chicken or other poultry.
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\Hpart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece or portion of a whole: a) 'a \Ipart\j\b\i of this book is missing'; b) 'I need some new \Iparts\j\b\i for my sewing machine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dividing line in the hair formed by combing the hair to the left on one side of the line and to the right on the other. Also called a \Bparting\j\b\i.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the actors have learnt their \Iparts\j\b\i for the play' (= roles).
b) 'she travelled in foreign \Iparts\j\b\i for 25 years' (= areas, lands).
c) 'this choral work is for eight \Iparts\j\b\i' (= types of voices).
d) 'he's a person of many \Iparts\j\b\i' (= abilities, skills).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfor the most part\j\b\i, mostly.
\Bin part\j\b\i, to some extent.
\Bpart and parcel\j\b\i, a necessary part.
\Btake in good part\j\b\i, to take no offence at.
\Btake part\j\b\i, to join in or participate.
\Btake someone's part\j\b\i, 'she always \Itakes\j\b\i her sister's \Ipart\j\b\i in arguments' (= supports, defends).
\Bpart\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to move things so that they are no longer together: a) 'I'll \Ipart\j\b\i you two if you don't stop talking!'; b) 'he'll never \Ipart\j\b\i with his teddy bear'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a part in the hair. \Bpart\j\b\i, \Bpartly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, in part; \Bpart\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being partly composed of. \Bpartly, partially\j\b\i are similar but not identical in meaning. \IPartially\j\b\i often means incompletely and \Ipartly\j\b\i means in part. This being so, the statement: 'this cake is \Ipartially\j\b\i made of eggs and \Ipartially\j\b\i of sugar' would be improved if rewritten as 'this cake is \Ipartly\j\b\i made of eggs and \Ipartly\j\b\i of sugar'.
to take part or share in something: a) 'will you \Ipartake\j\b\i of dinner with us?'; b) 'she \Ipartakes\j\b\i of her mother's common sense'.
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\Hparterre\h
\Isay\j\b\i par-\CX1tair\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a formal arrangement of lawns, paths and flower-beds as part of a larger garden.
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\Hparthenogenesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i partha-no-\CX1jenn\j\b\ii-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the development of an ovum without fertilisation occurring.
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\Hpartial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not total or complete: 'the meeting was only a \Ipartial\j\b\i success'.
\CX12.\j\b\i biased or prejudiced: 'it's useless having the dispute decided by a \Ipartial\j\b\i judge'.
\CX13.\j\b\i fond of: 'he's very \Ipartial\j\b\i to marmalade sandwiches'. \Bpartially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpartiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i parshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jpart\j\b\i.
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\Hparticipate\h
\Isay\j\b\i par-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-pate \Pverb\p to have a role or share in: a) 'are you \Iparticipating\j\b\i in the festival committee?'; b) 'after 10 years in the company you may \Iparticipate\j\b\i in the profits'. \Bparticipant\j\b\i, \Bparticipator\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who participates; \Bparticipation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of participating. Latin \Ipartis\j\b\i of a part + \Icapere\j\b\i to take
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\Hparticiple\h
\Isay\j\b\i par-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-p'l \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word formed from a \Pverb\p and used as a \Pverb\p or an \Padjective\p.
a \Bpresent participle\j\b\i expresses an action or state which is happening at this moment. \IExample:\j\b\i the \Ilaughing\j\b\i girl walked home \Iwhistling\j\b\i.
a \Bpast participle\j\b\i expresses an action or state which is already completed. \IExample:\j\b\i this car has \Itravelled\j\b\i many kilometres.
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\Hparticle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a very small piece or amount: 'I don't want to see one \Iparticle\j\b\i of dirt on this floor'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a minor part of speech, e.g. \Ithe\j\b\i, or a prefix or suffix, e.g. \Iun-\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i.
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\Hparticoloured\h
\Padjective\p having different colours in different parts.
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\Hparticular\h
\Isay\j\b\i par\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to one person, group or thing rather than to all: 'in this \Iparticular\j\b\i case I have no sympathy for the accused'.
\CX12.\j\b\i special: 'she is a \Iparticular\j\b\i friend of mine'.
\CX13.\j\b\i careful or attentive to details: 'she is very \Iparticular\j\b\i about what she eats'.
\Bparticular\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a point: 'you are correct in every \Iparticular\j\b\i'.
\Bin particular\j\b\i, '\Iin particular\j\b\i I think the photography in the film was excellent' (= especially). \Bparticularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, especially; \Bparticularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i partik-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bparticularise\j\b\i, \Bparticularize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to mention or deal with separately or in detail.
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\Hparticularism\h
\Pnoun\p an exclusive concern for a particular sect, party, etc. \Bparticularist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hparting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a division or separation, such as a part in the hair.
\CX12.\j\b\i a leave-taking or departure.
\Bparting\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) said, done, etc. on parting: 'a \Iparting\j\b\i word with you, my son'. b) dying or departing: 'the \Iparting\j\b\i day'.
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\Hpartisan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\iti-zan \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any supporter of a person, party or cause.
\CX12.\j\b\i a member of a military force, but not part of a regular army, fighting for the liberation of his or her country. \Bpartisan\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, biased.
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\Hpartition\h
\Isay\j\b\i par-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) a separation or division of a whole into parts: 'the \Ipartition\j\b\i of his farm into building sites made him a wealthy man'. b) something that divides or separates, especially a wall or screen dividing a room. c) a section or part formed by dividing. \Bpartition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to divide or separate into parts.
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\Hpartly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jpart\j\b\i.
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\Hpartner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who shares an activity with another: a) 'a dancing \Ipartner\j\b\i'; b) 'a business \Ipartner\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person on the same team as another at tennis, cards, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a husband or wife.
\Bpartnership\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the state or condition of being a partner: a) 'the brothers own the business in \Ipartnership\j\b\i'; b) 'the batsmen had a cricket \Ipartnership\j\b\i of 120 runs'. \Bpartner\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be or act as someone's partner.
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\Hpartook\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bpartake\j\b\i.
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\Hpartridge\h
\Pnoun\p any of various brown, European birds, shot for game.
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\Hpart-song\h
\Pnoun\p a song with parts for several voices.
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\Hpart-time\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p of work or interest which does not take up the full working hours in a week. \Bpart-timer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hparturition\h
\Isay\j\b\i partew-\CX1rish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p childbirth. \Bparturient\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i par-\CX1tew\j\b\iri-ent), \Iadjective\j\b\i, giving or about to give birth.
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\Hparty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a social gathering, especially a private one.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of people with the same beliefs and policies, usually in opposition to others: 'a political \Iparty\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who takes part in a proceeding, or enters into a relationship: a) 'I refuse to be a \Iparty\j\b\i to the plot'; b) 'we have found the guilty \Iparty\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the captain sent a \Iparty\j\b\i ashore' (= group of people).
\Bparty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a party.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to something shared: 'the fence between our houses is a \Iparty\j\b\i fence'. \Bpartying\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal), the attendance at a number of parties.
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\Hparty line\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a telephone line shared by more than one household, each having a separate instrument.
\CX12.\j\b\i the official ideas or policies of a political party: 'he was expelled for refusing to follow the \Iparty line\j\b\i'.
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\Hparvenu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1par\j\b\iva-new \Pnoun\p a person who has risen above his original status through the sudden attainment of wealth or position. French, arrived
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\Hparvovirus\h
\Pnoun\p a viral disease in dogs.
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\Hpascal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pas\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the SI unit of pressure, equal to a force of one newton over an area of one square metre.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i ( often capitals) a computer programming language. after \IBlaise Pascal\j\b\i, 1623-62: a French religious philosopher and scientist
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\Hpaschal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pas\j\b\i-k'l \Padjective\p \IJewish, Christian:\j\b\i of or relating to the Passover or Easter.
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\Hpas de deux\h
\Isay\j\b\i pah deh der \IBallet:\j\b\i a dance or part of a dance for two people. French, step of two
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\Hpass\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpassed\j\b\i, \Bpassed\j\b\i or \Bpast\j\b\i, \Bpassing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to go by: 'the days \Ipass\j\b\i quickly during the holidays'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give or transfer something from one person or position to another: '\Ipass\j\b\i me the butter'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to get over or through an obstacle: 'did you \Ipass\j\b\i your final exams?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'how will you \Ipass\j\b\i your holidays?' (= spend).
b) 'to \Ipass\j\b\i urine' (= excrete).
c) 'boiling water \Ipasses\j\b\i into steam' (= becomes).
d) 'don't \Ipass\j\b\i 100 km an hour' (= exceed).
e) 'she was quick to \Ipass\j\b\i judgement' (= utter, \Ppronoun\pce).
f) 'what \Ipassed\j\b\i at the meeting?' (= took place).
g) 'Parliament has \Ipassed\j\b\i a new law' (= approved).
h) 'having no high cards, I \Ipassed\j\b\i' (= did not bid).
i) 'he tries to \Ipass\j\b\i for an artist' (= be accepted as).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome to pass\j\b\i, to happen.
\Bpass away\j\b\i, to die.
\Bpass off\j\b\i, a) 'the strike \Ipassed off\j\b\i without violence' (= took place); b) 'she tries to \Ipass\j\b\i herself \Ioff\j\b\i as a genius' (= get people to believe).
\Bpass out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to faint.
\Bpass over\j\b\i, a) to ignore; b) to overlook.
\Bpass up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to refuse or reject.
\Bpass\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of passing, such as transferring a ball from one footballer to another or not bidding in a game of cards.
\CX12.\j\b\i a narrow route through mountains.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) any written permission to enter or leave a building or area. b) a ticket allowing free entrance to entertainments, public transport, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'things have come to a dangerous \Ipass\j\b\i' (= stage).
\CX14.\j\b\i the required standard in an examination.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake a pass\j\b\i, to make amorous advances.
\Bpretty pass\j\b\i, 'things have come to a \Ipretty pass\j\b\i' (= deplorable state).
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\Hpassable\h
\Padjective\p able to be passed.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a \Ipassable\j\b\i knowledge of mechanics' (= fair, moderate). \Bpassably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, fairly or moderately.
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\Hpassage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of passing: 'the \Ipassage\j\b\i of time'. b) a means of passing, such as a corridor.
\CX12.\j\b\i an extract from any written work or piece of music.
\CX13.\j\b\i a journey across the sea from one port to another.
\CX14.\j\b\i the right to pass through or across someone's land, etc.
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\Hpassbook\h
\Pnoun\p a book in which a record of payments is made, as to a bank or building society.
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\HpassΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\i-say \Padjective\p a) old-fashioned or out-of-date. b) aged or stale. French, passed
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\Hpassenger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pass\j\b\iin-ja \Pnoun\p a person who travels or is carried in a vehicle.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it is obvious that half of the office employees are \Ipassengers\j\b\i' (= people who do little work).
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\Hpasser-by\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpassers-by\j\b\i
a person who passes by.
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\Hpasserine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pass\j\b\ia-rine \Padjective\p of birds that perch.
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\Hpassing\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of going by: 'the \Ipassing\j\b\i of the long summer days'. b) a death: 'we mourned his \Ipassing\j\b\i' (= death). \Bpassing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, brief or cursory.
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\Hpassion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pash\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any emotion or feeling which is very strong and compelling, such as love, hate, anger, hope, grief, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a strong enthusiasm for someone or something: 'he has a \Ipassion\j\b\i for poetry'. b) the object of this: 'poetry is his only \Ipassion\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) the sufferings of Christ, especially at the crucifixion. b) any of the Gospel accounts of these or a musical setting or enactment of them.
affected with or characterised by passion: a) 'he is a \Ipassionate\j\b\i lover'; b) 'she is a \Ipassionate\j\b\i supporter of women's rights'. \Bpassionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipassio\j\b\i suffering
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\Hpassionfruit\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small, round, purple fruit with a tough skin and many small seeds. b) the vine it grows on.
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\Hpassive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pass\j\b\iiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i inactive or submissive: 'his dog obeys his every word in \Ipassive\j\b\i obedience'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i inactive, especially a metal surface.
the inhaling of the smoke from another person's cigarette.
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\HPassover\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\i-sover \Pnoun\p \IJewish:\j\b\i a religious feast celebrating the deliverance of the Jews from Egypt.
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\Hpassport\h
\Pnoun\p an official document which identifies a person wishing to travel in foreign countries. Compare \Jvisa\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this magic lamp is your \Ipassport\j\b\i to untold riches' (= means of obtaining).
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\Hpassword\h
\Pnoun\p a) a secret word or phrase permitting a person using it to pass guards or sentries. b) a word which must be entered into a computer to gain access to data or programs.
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\Hpast\h
\Padjective\p having occurred at a time before the present: 'I have been ill during the \Ipast\j\b\i month'.
\Bpast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) any time before the present: 'history is a study of the \Ipast\j\b\i'. b) the events in a person's life or experiences: 'how can I trust you when I know nothing about your \Ipast\j\b\i?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the stranger is a person with a \Ipast\j\b\i' (= secret, hidden history).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jtense (2)\j\b\i.
\Bpast\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i after in time: a) 'it is \Ipast\j\b\i 6 o'clock'. b) 'the lady is well \Ipast\j\b\i 70'.
\CX12.\j\b\i beyond or further than: 'the shop is \Ipast\j\b\i the corner'.
\Bpast\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bpass\j\b\i.
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\Hpasta\h
\Pnoun\p a mixture of flour and eggs used as a dough in various forms, e.g. macaroni and spaghetti.
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\Hpaste\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mixture, sometimes of flour and water, used for sticking paper, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i dough for making pastry.
\CX13.\j\b\i any soft smooth preparation: a) '\Itoothpaste\j\b\i'; b) 'fish \Ipaste\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a bright glassy substance used to make artificial gems.
\Bpaste\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fasten or stick something using paste, glue, etc.
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\Hpasteboard\h
\Pnoun\p a flat surface made of several sheets of paper and board stuck together.
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\Hpastel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pas\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, delicate hue.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a crayon made of chalk, pigments, etc. b) a picture drawn with pastels.
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\Hpastern\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof.
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\Hpasteurise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\ist'yer-rize \Pverb\p pasteurize to reduce the number of micro-organisms present in a liquid such as milk, by heating but not boiling. \Bpasteurisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \ILouis Pasteur\j\b\i, 1822-95, a French chemist
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\Hpastiche\h
\Isay\j\b\i pas-\CX1teesh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a work of art which imitates or borrows from the work or style of other artists.
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\Hpastille\h
\Isay\j\b\i pas-\CX1teel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small flavoured sweet or lozenge.
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\Hpastime\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pahs\j\b\i-time \Pnoun\p an amusement, hobby or sport that helps time pass pleasantly.
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\Hpast master\h
an expert or person with long experience.
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\Hpastor\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a minister in charge of a congregation. \Bpastorate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the office or term of office of a pastor, b) any or all pastors. Latin, shepherd
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\Hpastoral\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of land) used as pasture or for grazing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or characteristic of the country or country life: 'a \Ipastoral\j\b\i poem'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or relating to a cleric or his or her duties.
\Bpastoral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a work of art dealing with shepherds or country life.
\CX12.\j\b\i a letter from a bishop to the clergy or congregation.
\Bpastoralist\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who grazes sheep or cattle, usually on a large property. \Bpastorally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpastoralism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpastorale\h
\Isay\j\b\i pahsta-\CX1rahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a choral or orchestral work depicting or concerning pastoral life.
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\Hpast participle\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jparticiple\j\b\i.
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\Hpastry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-stree \Pnoun\p a) dough, especially when used as the base or crust of a pie. b) any foods made with pastry.
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\Hpastry-cook\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes pastries, small cakes, etc.
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\Hpasture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pahs\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p an area covered with grass used or suitable for grazing cattle, etc. \Bpasture\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put livestock on a pasture, b) to graze.
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\Hpasty (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-stee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like paste.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a complexion) pale and sickly.
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\Hpasty (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pah\j\b\i-stee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pas\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p an envelope of pastry filled with meat and vegetables and cooked.
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\Hpat (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpatted\j\b\i, \Bpatting\j\b\i)
to touch or strike lightly, especially with the open hand or with something flat: a) 'wash your hands if you've been \Ipatting\j\b\i the dog'; b) 'she \Ipatted\j\b\i down the earth after planting the seedlings'.
\Bpat on the back\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to congratulate.
\Bpat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a light strike or touch. b) the sound of this, such as footsteps.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small mass of something, especially butter.
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\Hpat (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i apt or appropriate: 'that is a \Ipat\j\b\i description'.
\CX12.\j\b\i glib or facile: 'your answer was just a little too \Ipat\j\b\i'.
\Bpat\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
exactly or aptly.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Boff pat\j\b\i, 'I had my excuse \Ioff pat\j\b\i' (= at the ready).
\Bsit\j\b\i, \Bstand pat\j\b\i, to keep or maintain something without changing it.
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\Hpatch\h
\Pnoun\p a) a piece of fabric used to cover holes in clothing, etc. b) a covering for a wound: 'an \Ieyepatch\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I've bought a small \Ipatch\j\b\i of land' (= piece).
b) 'she's going through a bad \Ipatch\j\b\i at the moment' (= time).
\Bnot a patch on\j\b\i, not nearly as good as.
\Bpatch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to repair something with a patch.
\Bpatch up\j\b\i, a) 'I'll \Ipatch up\j\b\i this radio so we can hear the news' (= repair simply or quickly); b) 'the girls \Ipatched up\j\b\i their differences after the fight' (= settled).
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\Hpatchouli\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1choo\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p the oil of an Asian plant, used as a perfume.
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\Hpatchwork\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a form of needlework in which small pieces of fabric are sewn together.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything formed from different pieces: 'his book is a \Ipatchwork\j\b\i of old and new ideas'.
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\Hpatchy\h
\Padjective\p of uneven quality: 'why can't your work be consistently good rather than \Ipatchy\j\b\i?'.
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\Hpate\h
\Isay\j\b\i payt \Pnoun\p an old word for the head.
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\HpΓtΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\i-ay \Pnoun\p a savoury paste made from finely chopped meat or fish and herbs.
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\Hpatella\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1tell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the kneecap.
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\Hpatent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-t'nt \Ior\j\b\i \CX1patt\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p the official right given, usually to the inventor, to make or sell an invention for a certain time without it being copied.
\CX11.\j\b\i plain or obvious: 'I know the truth and what he said was a \Ipatent\j\b\i lie'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having or protected by a patent. \Bpatent\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to obtain a patent for an invention, etc.; \Bpatently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, plainly or obviously.
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ter\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like a father: 'he treats us in a \Ipaternal\j\b\i way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i related on the father's side. \Bpaternally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpaternalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ter\j\b\ina-lizm \Pnoun\p the principle of treating those over whom one has control in the same way that a father treats his children. \Bpaternalistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pa-terna-\CX1lis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpaternalistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpaternity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ter\j\b\ini-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of being a father. b) a relationship to or derivation from a father: 'her \Ipaternity\j\b\i is unknown'.
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\Hpaternity suit\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i a case in which a woman tries to prove that a certain man is the father of her child.
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\Hpath\h
\Isay\j\b\i pahth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a track or way for walking.
\CX12.\j\b\i the track in which something moves: 'the \Ipath\j\b\i of the earth around the sun'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this \Ipath\j\b\i of action is getting us nowhere' (= line, method).
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\Hpathetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1thett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing pity or sympathy: 'the starving kitten was a \Ipathetic\j\b\i sight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) miserably weak or inadequate. \Bpathetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpathfinder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an explorer or pioneer.
\CX12.\j\b\i an aircraft sent ahead of bombers to mark a target by dropping flares.
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\Hpatho-\h
a prefix meaning disease or suffering, as in \Ipathology\j\b\i.
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\Hpathogen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1path\j\b\ia-j'n \Pnoun\p any organism that can cause disease.
\Isay\j\b\i patha-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p a) of or relating to pathology. b) due to or involving disease.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's a \Ipathological\j\b\i liar so you can't believe anything he tells you' (= compulsive). \Bpathologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpathology\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a) the study of diseases and their effects. b) the conditions and progress of a disease. \Bpathologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who studies diseases.
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\Hpathos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-thos \Pnoun\p a quality in music, literature, etc. which creates a feeling of sadness or pity. Compare \Jbathos\j\b\i. Greek \Ipathos\j\b\i suffering
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\Hpathway\h
\Pnoun\p a path.
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\Hpatience\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to endure something or to wait calmly and uncomplainingly: 'I'll see you in a minute, so have \Ipatience\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i any of a large number of games for a single player.
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\Hpatient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'nt \Padjective\p having or showing patience: 'I'm only a beginner so you'll have to be \Ipatient\j\b\i with me'.
\Bpatient\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person being treated by a doctor or in a hospital.
an \Bin-patient\j\b\i stays at the hospital during treatment and an \Bout-patient\j\b\i goes home between treatments. \Bpatiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a patient manner.
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\Hpatina\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1tee\j\b\ina \Ior\j\b\i \CX1patt\j\b\iina \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the greenish surface on old bronze, caused by oxidisation.
\CX12.\j\b\i any rich finish on wood, etc. particularly on antique furniture.
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\Hpatio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1patt\j\b\ii-o \Pnoun\p a paved area or courtyard adjoining a house. Spanish
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\Hpatois\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\i-wah \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpatois\j\b\i
a regional dialect of a language. French
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\Hpatri-\h
a prefix meaning father, as in \Ipatriarch\j\b\i. Greek \Ipatros\j\b\i, Latin \Ipatris\j\b\i of a father
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\Hpatriarch\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-tree-ark \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\i-ree-ark \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (in some Eastern sects) a bishop or high dignitary.
\CX12.\j\b\i a male who is the leader or head of a family, group, etc. \Bpatriarchal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpatriarchy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a social system in which a male is the head of the family. \Bpatri-\j\b\i + Greek \Iarkhos\j\b\i a leader
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\Hpatrician\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1trish\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p of or characteristic of noble families. \Bpatrician\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a nobleman.
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\Hpatricide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\iri-side \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the crime of killing one's father. b) the person who does this. \Bpatri-\j\b\i + Latin \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hpatrimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\iri-ma-nee \Pnoun\p a) property inherited from one's father or ancestors. b) the property of a church, etc. \Bpatrimonial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i patri-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-ul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpatriot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-tree-it \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\i-ree-it \Pnoun\p a person who loves his or her country. \Bpatriotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pay-tree-\CX1ott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpatriotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpatriotism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ipatris\j\b\i fatherland
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\Hpatristic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1tris\j\b\itik \Padjective\p \IChristian:\j\b\i relating to the early leaders or founders of the Church and their writings.
a) the act of patrolling: 'make a quick \Ipatrol\j\b\i of the grounds'. b) a group of persons sent to patrol. \Bpatrolman\j\b\i, \Bpatrolwoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who patrols, especially a police officer.
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\Hpatrol-car\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsquad-car\j\b\i
a motor car used by police, etc. for making patrols.
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\Hpatrol wagon\h
a van used by police to carry prisoners or suspects.
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\Hpatron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-tr'n \Pnoun\p a) a person who gives support or protection, especially financial help. b) a client or customer. \Bpatroness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of patron.
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\Hpatronage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\ira-nij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the support or encouragement given by a patron: 'your shop offers such shoddy service, I am taking my \Ipatronage\j\b\i elsewhere'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the right or power to grant jobs, offices or privileges.
\CX13.\j\b\i a patronising manner.
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\Hpatronise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pat\j\b\ira-nize \Pverb\p patronize \CX11.\j\b\i to act as a patron towards: 'we don't \Ipatronise\j\b\i his shop'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat someone as inferior or less intelligent: 'he explained what the word meant but he \Ipatronised\j\b\i me by using simplified language'. \Bpatronisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpatron saint\h
a saint who is regarded as giving special protection to a country, profession, etc.: 'St Andrew is the \Ipatron saint\j\b\i of Scotland'.
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\Hpatronymic\h
\Isay\j\b\i patra-\CX1nimm\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p a name formed from the name of a father or ancestor, such as \IJohnson\j\b\i (son of John).
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\Hpatter (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a series of light tapping sounds, as of rain or footsteps. \Bpatter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make such sounds.
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\Hpatter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i fast, clever and often meaningless words or speech used to keep one's attention, such as used by a salesperson, comedian, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the special speech or phrases of a group or class of people.
\Bpatter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to speak or repeat things quickly.
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\Hpattern\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a decorative design, as on carpet or dress material. b) any design or system of markings: 'the \Ipattern\j\b\i of footsteps in the snow'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the world's weather \Ipattern\j\b\i seems to be changing' (= system, order).
\CX12.\j\b\i a guide or model: 'cut the cloth according to the paper \Ipattern\j\b\i'.
\Bpattern\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to decorate something with a pattern. b) to take as a pattern: 'I shall \Ipattern\j\b\i my life after the lives of the great artists'.
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\Hpatty\h
\Pnoun\p a) a flattened ball of chopped meat, fish or other substance. b) a small pie.
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\Hpaua\h
\Isay\j\b\i pah-oo-ah \Pnoun\p an edible shellfish of the abalone family, the multicoloured shell of which is used for decoration. Maori
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\Hpaucity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1paw\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p scarcity: 'there is a \Ipaucity\j\b\i of doctors in our town'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1paw\j\b\ipa \Pnoun\p a very poor person. \Bpauperise\j\b\i, \Bpauperize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpauperism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpause\h
\Isay\j\b\i pawz \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short or temporary stop.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a sign to indicate that a note or rest is to be held for longer than usual.
\Bgive pause\j\b\i, 'her dreadful warnings \Igave\j\b\i me \Ipause\j\b\i' (= made to hesitate).
\Bpause\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to hesitate or stop briefly: 'I \Ipaused\j\b\i before knocking because I was afraid of disturbing him'. \Bpausingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpavan\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1vahn\j\b\i \Pnoun\p pavane a slow, dignified, court dance from Spain.
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\Hpave\h
\Pverb\p to cover a road, footpath, etc. with stones, bricks, concrete or bitumen.
\Bpave the way\j\b\i, 'if this law is passed it will \Ipave the way\j\b\i for many more reforms' (= prepare). \Bpaving\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a paved surface, b) the material used to pave; \Bpaving\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ipavire\j\b\i to beat down
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\Hpavement\h
\Pnoun\p a) the footpath. b) the paved surface of a road.
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\Hpavement light\h
a solid glass block used in the roof of a room below street-level to let in light.
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\Hpavilion\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1vil\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a building or other shelter, used for entertainment, exhibitions, etc. b) a large tent for temporary exhibitions, etc. c) a building containing changing rooms, etc. at a sports ground.
\CX12.\j\b\i the lower part of a cut gem. Latin \Ipapilio\j\b\i tent
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\Hpavlova\h
\Isay\j\b\i pav-\CX1lo\j\b\i-va \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a cake consisting of a meringue shell filled with fruit and whipped cream. after \IAnna Pavlova\j\b\i, 1885-1931, a Russian ballet dancer
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\Hpaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the foot of an animal, usually with claws or nails.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hand.
\Bpaw\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike or scrape with, or as if with, the paw.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to touch or handle.
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\Hpawl\h
\Pnoun\p a pivoted bar or tooth that fits into a ratchet wheel, to move it forward or to prevent it moving backwards.
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\Hpawn (1)\h
\Pverb\p to deposit personal property with a pawnbroker as security for a loan.
\Bpawn\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the state of being pawned: 'my diamond ring is in \Ipawn\j\b\i'.
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\Hpawn (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a small piece which may move forward two squares on the first move and then one square at a time, but which captures diagonally.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is used as the tool of another: 'I was only a \Ipawn\j\b\i in his plan'. Medieval Latin \Ipedo\j\b\i foot soldier
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\Hpawnbroker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who lends money at interest on the security of deposited goods. \Bpawnshop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpawpaw\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpapaya\j\b\i
a large, yellow, tropical fruit.
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\Hpay\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpaid\j\b\i, \Bpaying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to give money or other compensation for goods, labour or services.
\CX12.\j\b\i to return or yield: 'the winning number in the lottery \Ipaid\j\b\i well'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it \Ipays\j\b\i to be honest' (= is profitable).
b) 'you'll \Ipay\j\b\i for that remark' (= suffer).
c) 'let's \Ipay\j\b\i him a visit' (= make).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpay back\j\b\i, a) to return a debt; b) to avenge an injury or insult.
\Bpay off\j\b\i, a) 'I \Ipaid off\j\b\i the debt' (= paid in full).
\Bput paid to\j\b\i, 'the rain \Iput paid to\j\b\i our plans for an enjoyable weekend' (= put an end to).
\Bpay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a sum of money given for work or services. \Bpayment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of paying, b) a sum of money paid or to be paid; \Bpayee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a recipient of a payment, especially the person to whom a cheque is made out.
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\Hpayable\h
\Padjective\p owed or due: 'the rent is \Ipayable\j\b\i at the end of the month'.
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\Hpay dirt\h
\CX11.\j\b\i any earth or ore containing enough mineral to make mining profitable.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) anything that yields a profit.
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\Hpayload\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a cargo which earns income.
\CX12.\j\b\i the specified weight that a vehicle is equipped to carry. Compare \Jgross\j\b\i and \Btare (1)\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAerospace:\j\b\i the cargo which is carried by a rocket or a satellite for use in space.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i the warhead of a missile.
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\Hpaymaster\h
\Pnoun\p a person in charge of paying wages or salaries.
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\Hpay-off\h
\Pnoun\p a final settlement, especially a financial one.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'what \Ipay-off\j\b\i did your efforts have?' (= consequences, benefits).
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\Hpayola\h
\Isay\j\b\i pay-\CX1ole\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a bribe.
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\Hpayroll\h
\Pnoun\p a) a list of employees and the amounts to be paid to each. b) the total amount of wages and salaries to be paid.
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\Hpea\h
\Pnoun\p a small, round, green vegetable growing in pods.
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\Hpeace\h
\Pnoun\p a freedom from war, strife, or disturbance: a) 'we all hope for a lasting \Ipeace\j\b\i between the nations'; b) 'I am at \Ipeace\j\b\i with myself'.
\Bhold, keep one's peace\j\b\i, to keep silent.
\Bpeaceful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i calm: 'a \Ipeaceful\j\b\i interlude'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a state of peace: '\Ipeaceful\j\b\i uses of atomic energy'. \Bpeacefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpeacefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpeaceable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not quarrelsome; \Bpeaceably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpeaceableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpeacekeeping\h
\Pnoun\p the maintenance of law and order, especially by the presence of an armed force.
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\Hpeacemaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes peace between people or groups.
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\Hpeacenik\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is an active pacifist.
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\Hpeach (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a medium-sized, round, juicy, pink to yellow fruit with a large stone and furry skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light pinkish-yellow colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any admired or beautiful person or thing. \Bpeach\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpeachy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like a peach in colour or appearance, b) (informal) wonderful or excellent. Greek \IPersikon\j\b\i Persian apple
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\Hpeach (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to inform against a friend or accomplice.
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\Hpeacock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male bird noted for its large and brightly coloured tail. The female is called a \Bpeahen\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vain person.
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\Hpeafowl\h
\Pnoun\p a peacock or a peahen.
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\Hpea jacket\h
a heavy woollen jacket, such as worn by sailors.
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\Hpeak\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pointed part or top.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mountain, especially a pointed one.
\CX13.\j\b\i the highest point of something: 'the \Ipeak\j\b\i of success'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a projection from a cap designed to keep the sun from the wearer's eyes.
\Bpeak\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to have, reach or project in a point.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to reach a highest point: 'a distribution \Ipeaks\j\b\i around the modal value'.
\Bpeak\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
relating to the time when something reaches its maximum degree: '\Ipeak-hour\j\b\i traffic'.
#
\Hpeaked\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\ik'd \Padjective\p also called \Bpeaky\j\b\i
thin, pale and sickly.
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\Hpeak-hour\h
\Pnoun\p the time in the morning and late afternoon when traffic is heaviest.
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\Hpeal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a prolonged, loud, resonant sound: a) 'a \Ipeal\j\b\i of bells'; b) 'a \Ipeal\j\b\i of thunder'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a set of bells tuned to one another. b) a tune rung on a set of bells. \Bpeal\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpeanut\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgroundnut\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small, oily, edible nut that grows underground.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) a very small amount of money.
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\Hpear\h
\Pnoun\p a medium-sized, juicy fruit which is usually round at the base and tapering towards the stem.
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\Hpea-rifle\h
\Pnoun\p a 5.59 mm calibre rifle.
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\Hpearl\h
\Isay\j\b\i perl \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the hard, silver or bluish-white pellet formed as a deposit around any foreign object in an oyster shell and valued as a gem. b) mother-of-pearl.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the flowers had \Ipearls\j\b\i of nectar on their petals' (= droplets).
\CX12.\j\b\i a very pale pinkish or bluish grey.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) the teeth.
\CX14.\j\b\i any memorable or wise saying, such as a proverb. \Bpearl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hunt or dive for pearls; \Bpearl\j\b\i, \Bpearly\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bpearler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a diver for pearls, b) a boat engaged in hunting for pearls.
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\Hpearl barley\h
any barley reduced to small round grains, for use in soups, etc.
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\Hpeasant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pezz\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p a) a farm labourer, small farmer or rustic. b) an ignorant or unsophisticated person. \Bpeasantry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, peasants considered as a group.
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\Hpeashooter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-shooter \Pnoun\p a tube through which dried peas are blown at a target.
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\Hpea souper\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee \CX1soo\j\b\iper (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an extremely thick fog.
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\Hpeat\h
\Pnoun\p a soil composed of accumulated vegetable matter, occurring as the early stage of coal formation, found in swamps and used as fuel when dried. \Bpeaty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpebble\h
\Pnoun\p a small rounded stone. \Bpebbly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpebbled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpecan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\ikan \Pnoun\p a large, oval, edible nut that grows on a variety of hickory tree. American Indian
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\Hpeccadillo\h
\Isay\j\b\i pekka-\CX1dill\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpeccadillos\j\b\i
a small sin or fault. Spanish \Ipecado\j\b\i sin
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\Hpeccary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pekk\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a South American mammal, like a wild pig. American Indian
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\Hpeck (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) (of a bird) to strike with the beak, especially repeatedly. b) to make a hole, etc. by pecking.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she only \Ipecked\j\b\i at her food' (= ate a little, bit by bit).
b) 'they never stop \Ipecking\j\b\i away at me' (= nagging).
\Bpeck\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a stroke with the beak. b) a hole or mark made by pecking.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she gave him a \Ipeck\j\b\i on the cheek as she rushed out the door' (= hasty kiss).
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\Hpeck (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IUnits:\j\b\i See \Jbushel\j\b\i.
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\Hpecker\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that pecks.
\Bkeep one's pecker up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stay cheerful.
#
\Hpecking order\h
a system of rank or privilege in a group. as first noticed among domestic fowls
#
\Hpeckish\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) hungry.
#
\Hpectin\h
\Pnoun\p an organic acid found in some ripe fruit, such as apples, used as a setting agent in marmalade, fruit jellies, etc. \Bpectic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpectoral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pek\j\b\ita-r'l \Padjective\p of or relating to the breast or the front of the chest. \Bpectoral\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cross worn by bishops on the chest.
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\Hpeculiar\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1kew\j\b\ili-ar \Padjective\p strange, odd or unusual.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this novel has a \Ipeculiar\j\b\i value for our purposes' (= special, particular).
b) 'every person has certain habits \Ipeculiar\j\b\i to them (= belonging characteristically).
a) the quality of being peculiar: 'the \Ipeculiarity\j\b\i of his behaviour was frightening'. b) something which is strange or odd: 'this work is a \Ipeculiarity\j\b\i among English novels of that time'. \Bpeculiarly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpecuniary\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1kew\j\b\inia-ree \Padjective\p relating to or consisting of money: 'I have a small \Ipecuniary\j\b\i interest in the company'.
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\Hpedagogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ia-gog \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a teacher.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pedantic or dogmatic person. \Bpedagogy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ia-goji), \Inoun\j\b\i, the science or art of teaching; \Bpedagogic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pedda-\CX1goj\j\b\iik), \Bpedagogical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpedal\h
\Pnoun\p a lever worked by the foot, e.g. on a bicycle, an organ or a sewing machine. \Bpedal\j\b\i (\Bpedalled\j\b\i, \Bpedalling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipedis\j\b\i of the foot
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\Hpedant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ped\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p a person who makes an unnecessary or tiresome display of learning, especially concerning petty details. \Bpedantic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ped-\CX1an\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpedantically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpedantry\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\i'n-tree), \Inoun\j\b\i, an unnecessary display of learning.
#
\Hpeddle\h
\Pverb\p to carry from place to place in order to sell: 'to \Ipeddle\j\b\i goods from door to door'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she loves to \Ipeddle\j\b\i gossip' (= spread, carry about).
#
\Hpeddler\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a pedlar.
#
\Hpederasty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ia-ras-tee \Pnoun\p a sexual relationship between a man and a boy. \Bpederast\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpedestal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ii-st'l \Pnoun\p a support for a statue, vase, column, etc.
\Bput\j\b\i, \Bset on a pedestal\j\b\i, to idealise or admire extremely.
#
\Hpedestrian\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1dest\j\b\iri-an \Pnoun\p a person who travels on foot.
\Bpedestrian\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or for pedestrians: 'a \Ipedestrian\j\b\i crossing'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he writes in a very \Ipedestrian\j\b\i manner' (= dull, unimaginative). Latin \Ipedester\j\b\i on foot
#
\Hpediatrics\h
\Isay\j\b\i peedi-\CX1at\j\b\iriks plural \Pnoun\p See \Jpaediatrics\j\b\i.
#
\Hpedicab\h
\Pnoun\p a trishaw.
#
\Hpedicel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ii-sel \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpeduncle\j\b\i
a small stalk or stalk-like part.
#
\Hpedicure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ii-kewer \Pnoun\p the care of the feet. Latin \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot + \Icura\j\b\i cure
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\Hpedigree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ii-gree \Pnoun\p a) a list of ancestors. b) an ancestry or line of descent, e.g. of a dog. \Bpedigreed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a list of purebred ancestors.
#
\Hpediment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pedd\j\b\ii-m'nt \Pnoun\p a triangular section of a building above a portico in classical architecture.
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\Hpedlar\h
\Pnoun\p a person who travels a district selling goods.
#
\Hpeduncle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ped-\CX1dun\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p See \Jpedicel\j\b\i.
#
\Hpee\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpeed\j\b\i, \Bpeeing\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to urinate. \Bpee\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpeek\h
\Pverb\p to peep or peer. \Bpeek\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpeel\h
\Pnoun\p the skin of a fruit.
\Bpeel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove the skin, rind, bark, etc. of: 'to \Ipeel\j\b\i an orange'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come off in strips or flakes: 'my face \Ipeeled\j\b\i after a day in the sun'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ipeeled\j\b\i off her clothes and leapt into the pool' (= took).
\Bkeep one's eyes peeled\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to keep watch carefully. \Bpeeling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which is peeled from something; \Bpeeler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a device for removing peel or a log suitable for making veneer.
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\Hpeen\h
\Pnoun\p a blunt or rounded end of a hammer head, opposite the face.
#
\Hpeep (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a short, quick look, especially when furtive or prying.
\Bpeep\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to take a peep at.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the sun \Ipeeped\j\b\i out from behind a cloud' (= came partly into view). \Bpeeper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a prying or spying person, b) (informal) an eye.
#
\Hpeep (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the weak, shrill cry of young birds, mice, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't want to hear a \Ipeep\j\b\i out of you for at least an hour' (= slightest noise).
\Bpeep\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a peep.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak in a thin, weak voice.
#
\HPeeping Tom\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a voyeur. after the man who peeped at Lady Godiva riding naked through the streets of Coventry
#
\Hpeer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person of the same rank, ability, age, etc. as another: 'she asked to be tried by a jury of her \Ipeers\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a duke, duchess, marquess, marchioness, earl, viscount, viscountess, baron, baroness or life peer. \Bpeerage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the rank or dignity of a peer, b) the peers of a country collectively, c) a book giving a list of the peers of a country; \Bpeeress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of peer, b) the wife or widow of a peer.
#
\Hpeer (2)\h
\Pverb\p to look closely, in an attempt to see clearly: 'to \Ipeer\j\b\i through the fog for a landmark'.
#
\Hpeerless\h
\Padjective\p having no equal: 'the \Ipeerless\j\b\i beauty of Italian marble'.
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\Hpeevish\h
\Padjective\p irritable. \Bpeevishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpeevishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpeeve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make peevish; \Bpeeve\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an annoyance.
#
\Hpeewit\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpewit\j\b\i.
#
\Hpeg\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of wood, metal or plastic, used for fastening, hanging, etc.: a) 'a clothes \Ipeg\j\b\i'; b) 'a surveyor's \Ipeg\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba square peg in a round hole\j\b\i, a person who does not fit in well, as in a job, social situation, etc.
\Boff the peg\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) (of clothes) ready-made to standard sizes.
\Btake down a peg or two\j\b\i, to humiliate or humble.
\Bpeg\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpegged\j\b\i, \Bpegging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten with pegs: 'to \Ipeg\j\b\i down a tent'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark with pegs: 'to \Ipeg\j\b\i out a mining claim'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i to keep prices or wages at a set level as an official policy.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpeg away at\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to keep on working at.
\Bpeg out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to collapse or die.
#
\Hpegboard\h
\Pnoun\p a board with holes in which pegs, hooks, etc. can be inserted.
#
\Hpeg leg\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wooden leg tapering to a blunt point at the end.
#
\Hpeignoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pane\j\b\i-wah \Pnoun\p a woman's dressing-gown. French
#
\Hpejorative\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1jorr\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p derogatory or disparaging: '{\shad \j\b\i'quack' is a \Ipejorative\j\b\i term for a doctor'. \Bpejoratively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\HPekingese\h
\Isay\j\b\i peekin-\CX1eez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also spelt \BPekinese\j\b\i
short form is \Bpeke\j\b\i
one of a breed of small, snub-nosed, long-haired dogs. originally from \IPeking\j\b\i, China
#
\Hpelagic\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1laj\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to the ocean. Greek \Ipelagikos\j\b\i pertaining to the sea
#
\Hpelican\h
\Pnoun\p a large, white seabird, having a long, pouched bill from which the young feed.
#
\Hpelisse\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1leece\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a child's or woman's long outdoor cloak with arm openings, originally lined or trimmed with fur. Latin \Ipelliceus\j\b\i made of skins
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\Hpellagra\h
\Isay\j\b\i pel-\CX1lay\j\b\igra \Pnoun\p a disease due to a lack of vitamin B\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i in the diet, causing wasting, a sore mouth, diarrhoea, skin rashes, and mental retardation or insanity. Latin \Ipellis\j\b\i skin + Greek \Iagra\j\b\i seizure
#
\Hpellet\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small round ball, e.g. of bread, paper, etc. b) a small bullet or piece of shot.
#
\Hpellicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pell\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a thin skin or membrane.
#
\Hpell-mell\h
\Padverb\p, \Padjective\p pellmell in a disorderly or hasty manner.
#
\Hpellucid\h
\Isay\j\b\i pel-\CX1yoo\j\b\isid \Padjective\p allowing light to pass through.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Ipellucid\j\b\i explanation helped me really understand' (= clear). \Bpellucidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpellucidness\j\b\i, \Bpellucidity\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Ipellucidus\j\b\i shining through, very bright
#
\Hpelmet\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow board or piece of cloth placed along the top of a window to hide the curtain rail.
#
\Hpelt (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw violently: 'the boys were \Ipelting\j\b\i stones at each other'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the rain was really \Ipelting\j\b\i down' (= falling heavily, beating).
\CX12.\j\b\i to hurry: 'the White Rabbit went \Ipelting\j\b\i past Alice'.
\Bpelt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a blow, especially one given by something thrown.
\Bat full pelt\j\b\i, at full speed.
#
\Hpelt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the skin of an animal, especially a skin treated to make garments, etc.
#
\Hpelvis\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the strong bony framework formed by the two hipbones and the sacrum. \Bpelvic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hpen (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an instrument for writing or drawing with ink.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he strove for years to make a living from his \Ipen\j\b\i' (= writing).
\Bpen\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpenned\j\b\i, \Bpenning\j\b\i)
to write with a pen: 'to \Ipen\j\b\i a letter'.
#
\Hpen (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small enclosure for domestic animals. b) the animals contained in such an enclosure. c) any enclosure: 'a child's \Iplaypen\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a prison. \Bpen\j\b\i (\Bpenned\j\b\i, \Bpenning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpenal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p of, relating to or used for punishment: a) '\Ipenal\j\b\i servitude'; b) 'a \Ipenal\j\b\i colony'. Latin \Ipoena\j\b\i penalty
#
\Hpenalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\ina-lize \Pverb\p penalize to subject to a penalty: a) 'a foul is \Ipenalised\j\b\i in most sports'; b) 'the courts \Ipenalise\j\b\i those who break the law'. \Bpenalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpenalty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-n'l-tee \Pnoun\p anything which is imposed to punish an infringement of rules or laws: 'the \Ipenalty\j\b\i for murder may be death'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ipenalties\j\b\i of old age' (= disadvantages, handicaps).
\Bon, under penalty of\j\b\i, 'do not touch this money, \Ion penalty of\j\b\i death' (= with (death) as the penalty for disobedience).
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\Hpenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1penn\j\b\ience \Pnoun\p a task or punishment accepted by a person as an expression of repentance, especially one given by a priest.
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\Hpence\h
plural \Pnoun\p a plural of \Bpenny\j\b\i.
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\Hpenchant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-ch'nt \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pon\j\b\i-shon \Pnoun\p a taste or liking: 'a \Ipenchant\j\b\i for good wines'. French \Ipencher\j\b\i to incline or lean
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\Hpencil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\isil \Pnoun\p an instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a wooden casing and a thin, central rod of graphite or other material.
\Bpencil in\j\b\i, to make a tentative booking or other engagement. \Bpencil\j\b\i (\Bpencilled\j\b\i, \Bpencilling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to write, draw, mark, etc. with a pencil; \Bpenciller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipenicillum\j\b\i paint-brush
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\Hpendant\h
\Pnoun\p pendent \CX11.\j\b\i a hanging or suspended object, usually worn as an ornament.
\CX12.\j\b\i a chandelier. \Bpendant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, hanging or overhanging.
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\Hpending\h
preposition a) while awaiting; until: '\Ipending\j\b\i his arrival'. b) during: '\Ipending\j\b\i the peace negotiations, all troops will stop fighting'. \Bpending\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, awaiting decision.
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\Hpendulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-dew-lus \Padjective\p hanging loosely so as to swing freely.
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\Hpendulum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-dew-lum \Pnoun\p a) any body suspended so that it will move to and fro freely. b) such a device used for controlling the mechanism of a clock.
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\Hpenetrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1penn\j\b\ii-trate \Pverb\p to get into or through: 'the piece of flying glass \Ipenetrated\j\b\i the spectator's leg'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ipenetrated\j\b\i their feeble disguises immediately' (= saw through).
b) 'the building was \Ipenetrated\j\b\i by a smell of damp' (= filled, permeated).
c) 'try as we might we could not \Ipenetrate\j\b\i the mystery of what happened that night' (= understand). \Bpenetratingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpenetration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of penetrating, b) sharpness of intellect; \Bpenetrable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1penn\j\b\iitra-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be penetrated; \Bpenetrative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1penn\j\b\iitra-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to penetrate. Latin \Ipenitus\j\b\i in the inside
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\Hpenfriend\h
\Pnoun\p a person, usually living in another country, with whom one begins and maintains a friendship through letters.
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\Hpenguin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\igwin \Pnoun\p a flightless seabird with webbed feet and flipper-like wings, living in the Southern Hemisphere. Old French \Ipen gwyn\j\b\i white head
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\Hpenicillin\h
\Isay\j\b\i penni-\CX1sill\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p an antibiotic produced from penicillium moulds and widely used to treat bacterial infections.
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\Hpenicillium\h
\Isay\j\b\i penni-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p any of a group of fungi used in cheese-making and for the production of penicillin. Latin \Ipenicillus\j\b\i small brush
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\Hpeninsula\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1nin\j\b\i-syoo-la \Pnoun\p a piece of land almost surrounded by water and joined by a narrow neck to the mainland. \Bpeninsular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ipaene\j\b\i almost + \Iinsula\j\b\i island
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\Hpenis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\inis \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the organ in males, containing erectile tissue, through which urine and seminal fluid is passed. \Bpenile\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\inile), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, tail
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\Hpenitent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1penn\j\b\ii-t'nt \Padjective\p showing remorse for sin and ready to make amends. \Bpenitent\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is penitent; \Bpenitently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpenitence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpenitential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i penni-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ipoenitens\j\b\i being sorry
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\Hpenitentiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i penni-\CX1ten\j\b\isha-ree \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a prison.
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\Hpenknife\h
\Pnoun\p a pocket-knife.
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\Hpenmanship\h
\Pnoun\p the art of handwriting. \Bpenman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with expert handwriting.
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\Hpen-name\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpseudonym\j\b\i.
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\Hpennant\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpennon\j\b\i
a long triangular flag, used as a signal on naval vessels, a banner, souvenir, etc.
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\Hpenniless\h
\Padjective\p without any money.
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\Hpenny\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpence\j\b\i or \Bpennies\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i See \Jpound (2)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a one-cent coin.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba pretty penny\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a lot of money.
\Bspend a penny\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to urinate.
\Bthe penny has dropped\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the explanation or remark has been understood.
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\Hpenny dreadful\h
a cheap book or magazine containing popular, especially sensational, fiction.
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\Hpenny-farthing\h
\Pnoun\p an early type of bicycle with a large front wheel (the penny), and a small rear wheel (the farthing).
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\Hpenny pincher\h
a mean, miserly person. \Bpenny-pinching\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpennyweight\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of mass in the troy system, equal to about 1.55 g.
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\Hpenny-wise\h
\Padjective\p economical in small matters.
\Bpenny-wise and pound-foolish\j\b\i, economical in small matters, but wasteful in large ones.
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\Hpenology\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-nolla-jee \Pnoun\p the science that deals with the prevention and punishment of crime, and the management of prisons and reformatories. \Bpenologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpen-pusher\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who works with a pen, especially at a boring job.
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\Hpensile\h
\Padjective\p hanging, e.g. the nests of certain birds.
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\Hpension\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-sh'n) a regular payment of money by a government or firm to retired, aged, sick or needy people.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pon\j\b\isi-on) a European boarding house.
\Bfull pension\j\b\i, (in hotels, etc.) all meals included.
\Bpension\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to grant a pension to.
\Bpension off\j\b\i, to cause to retire on a pension. Latin \Ipensionis\j\b\i of a payment
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\Hpensioner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who receives a pension, especially an old age pension.
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\Hpensive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p thoughtful in a serious or sad way. \Bpensively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpensiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpent-\h
penta- a prefix meaning five, as in \Ipentagon\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hpentagon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any closed, plane figure with five straight sides.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the five-sided building which houses the offices of the U.S. Defense Department. \Bpentagonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pen-\CX1tagg\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpentagram\h
\Pnoun\p a five-pointed star, used as a symbol in magic.
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\Hpentahedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i penta-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a solid or hollow figure with five plane faces. \Bpentahedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpentameter\h
\Isay\j\b\i pen-\CX1tamm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a line with five metrical feet. \IExample:\j\b\i Shakespeare's verse is written in iambic pentameters: 'once \Bmore\j\b\i un\Bto\j\b\i the \Bbreach\j\b\i, dear \Bfriends\j\b\i, once \Bmore\j\b\i'.
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\Hpentane\h
\Pnoun\p a colourless, volatile liquid (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I12\j\b\i), the fifth member of the paraffin series, used in petrol and as a solvent and anaesthetic.
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\Hpentathlon\h
\Isay\j\b\i pen-\CX1tath\j\b\ilon \Pnoun\p \IAthletics:\j\b\i a contest in which athletes aim for the highest total score in five separate events. \Bpent-\j\b\i + Greek \Iathlon\j\b\i contest
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\Hpenthouse\h
\Pnoun\p a room or flat on the top storey of a building.
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\Hpent-up\h
\Padjective\p bottled-up or confined: 'his \Ipent-up\j\b\i fury exploded in violence'.
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\Hpenultimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pen-\CX1ult\j\b\ii-mit \Padjective\p next to last: 'November is the \Ipenultimate\j\b\i month of the year'.
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\Hpenumbra\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'n-\CX1um\j\b\ibra \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the lighter edge of a shadow. Compare \Jumbra\j\b\i. \Bpenumbral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ipaene\j\b\i almost + \Iumbra\j\b\i shade or shadow
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\Hpenurious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pen-\CX1yoo\j\b\irius \Padjective\p a) extremely poor. b) niggardly. \Bpenuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpenuriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpenury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pen\j\b\i-yoo-ree \Pnoun\p an extreme poverty. Latin \Ipenuria\j\b\i want or scarcity
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\Hpeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p a labourer or menial servant in South America. \Bpeonage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-anij), \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition or service of a peon. Spanish
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\Hpeony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-a-nee \Pnoun\p paeony any of a group of garden plants with large, showy flowers.
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\Hpeople\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpeople\j\b\i or \Bpeoples\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i persons in general.
\CX12.\j\b\i all the persons of a particular area or group: a) 'the \Ipeoples\j\b\i of Europe'; b) 'a government elected by the \Ipeople\j\b\i'; c) 'medical \Ipeople\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ipeople\j\b\i fought against the aristocracy' (= lower classes).
b) 'you must come and meet my \Ipeople\j\b\i' (= relatives). \Bpeople\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to populate.
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\Hpep\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) vigour or energy.
\Bpep\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpepped\j\b\i, \Bpepping\j\b\i)
\Bpep up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to give vigour to.
\Bpep\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
intended to inspire or stimulate: a) 'a \Ipep\j\b\i talk'; b) 'a \Ipep\j\b\i pill'. short form of \Bpepper\j\b\i
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\Hpepino\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pep\j\b\i-in-o \Pnoun\p an egg-shaped fruit usually with purple stripes on its skin and a firm, creamy flesh.
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\Hpepper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a spice made from dried peppercorns, used whole or ground.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jcapsicum\j\b\i.
\Bpepper\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to season or sprinkle with pepper.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'John's face is \Ipeppered\j\b\i with freckles' (= thickly sprinkled).
\CX12.\j\b\i to pelt with small objects. \Bpeppery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like or full of pepper, b) having a hot temper.
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\Hpepper-and-salt\h
\Padjective\p (of cloth, hair, etc.) consisting of a fine mixture of black and white.
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\Hpeppercorn\h
\Pnoun\p the berry-like fruit from an East Indian vine.
\Bpeppercorn rent\j\b\i, a nominal rent.
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\Hpeppermint\h
\Pnoun\p a) a type of mint used for its oil. b) a food made from this, such as a small sweet.
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\Hpepsin\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an enzyme, secreted by the stomach, that splits proteins. Greek \Ipepsis\j\b\i digestion
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\Hpeptic\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to digestion.
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\Hper\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i for each: 'we are selling silk for $23 \Iper\j\b\i metre'.
\CX12.\j\b\i through: 'to A. Nickson, \Iper\j\b\i S. Dawson, with thanks'.
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\Hper-\h
a prefix meaning through or throughout, as in \Ipervade\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hperadventure\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning perhaps. French \Ipar\j\b\i by + \Iaventure\j\b\i chance
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\Hperambulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1ram\j\b\ibew-late \Pverb\p to walk about or stroll. \Bperambulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperambulator\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jpram\j\b\i.
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\Hper annum\h
by the year or yearly. Latin
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\Hper capita\h
for each person.
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\Hperceive\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to become aware of, especially through the sense of sight or the mind: a) 'I was the first to \Iperceive\j\b\i the dull red glow of the dawn'; b) 'I \Iperceive\j\b\i a change in your attitude'. \Bperceivable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bperceivably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hper cent\h
by, for or in every hundred. \IExample:\j\b\i [***3/100] is 3 \Iper cent\j\b\i and is written 3%. \Bper-\j\b\i + Latin \Icentum\j\b\i one hundred
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\Hpercentage\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sen\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p a rate per cent.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a large \Ipercentage\j\b\i of children's books is sheer rubbish' (= part, proportion).
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\Hpercentile\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sen\j\b\itile \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a value which divides a distribution into 100 groups of equal frequency.
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\Hpercept\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-sept \Pnoun\p that which is perceived.
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\Hperceptible\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sep\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p able to be perceived. \Bperceptibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperceptibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperception\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of perceiving: 'his \Iperception\j\b\i of the danger saved us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the power of perceiving: 'we need someone with \Iperception\j\b\i to show us where we went wrong'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an observation or insight: 'this poem presents us with a series of \Iperceptions\j\b\i'. \Bperceptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to perception, b) quick or ready in perceiving; \Bperceptively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperceptiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperceptual\h
\Isay\j\b\i per\CX1sep\j\b\i-tew'l \Padjective\p of or relating to perception. \Bperceptually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hperch (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything on which a bird may rest.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'from her \Iperch\j\b\i up in the treetop she could see a long way' (= high position).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a unit of length equal to about 5 m. Also called a \Bpole\j\b\i or \Brod\j\b\i. b) a unit of area equal to about 27 m{\up6 2\j\b\i.
\Bperch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to come to rest or alight: 'a canary \Iperched\j\b\i on her shoulder'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iperched\j\b\i on the top of the telephone pole he could see a long way' (= sitting high up). Latin \Ipertica\j\b\i measuring rod
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\Hperch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small, scaly fish, the freshwater varieties of which are used as food.
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\Hperchance\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1cha\j\b\ince \Padverb\p an old word meaning perhaps. French \Ipar\j\b\i by + \Ichance\j\b\i chance
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\Hpercipient\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sipp\j\b\ii-ent \Padjective\p a) having the power of perception. b) perceiving rapidly or keenly: 'a \Ipercipient\j\b\i remark'. \Bpercipience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpercolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ika-late \Pverb\p to drip or drain a liquid through a substance, especially when part of the substance dissolves in the liquid: 'to \Ipercolate\j\b\i coffee'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Newton's ideas have \Ipercolated\j\b\i through to every level of society' (= filtered, circulated).
\Bpercolator\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a coffeepot in which boiling water filters through ground coffee. \Bpercolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpercussion\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1kush\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the forceful striking of one thing against another. b) the shock produced by this.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) any instrument which produces sound by being struck or shaken. b) the section of an orchestra having these instruments.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i the striking or tapping of the body in diagnosis. \Bpercussive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to percussion; \Bpercussionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays a percussion instrument; \Bpercuss\j\b\i (Medicine), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpercussion cap\h
a small metallic cap or cup containing an explosive substance which sets off the main charge in a gun.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of eternal damnation. Latin \Iperditio\j\b\i an act of destroying
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\Hperegrination\h
\Isay\j\b\i perrigri-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of travelling from one place to another. b) a journey. \Bperegrinate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bperegrine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perr\j\b\ii-grin), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) coming from foreign regions, b) travelling or wandering.
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\Hperemptory\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1empt\j\b\ia-ree \Padjective\p a) (of commands) allowing no denial or refusal. b) (of a person, his manner, etc.) commanding, imperious or dictatorial. \Bperemptorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperemptoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperennial\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1en\j\b\ieeal \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i continuing throughout the whole year: 'a \Iperennial\j\b\i river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lasting or recurrent: 'a \Iperennial\j\b\i joke'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i having a life cycle lasting more than two years. \Bperennial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something that is perennial, such as a plant.
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\Hperentie\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1ren\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p the largest Australian lizard, found in northern and central Australia. Aboriginal
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\Hperfect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-fikt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i faultless or without defect: a) 'a \Iperfect\j\b\i mate'; b) 'a \Iperfect\j\b\i circle'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we found a house that's just \Iperfect\j\b\i for us' (= completely suitable).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we were \Iperfect\j\b\i strangers to each other' (= complete).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i denoting the tense of a \Pverb\p which expresses a completed event. \IExample:\j\b\i I \Ihave seen\j\b\i that film.
a) the state or quality of being perfect: 'to bring a technique to \Iperfection\j\b\i'. b) a perfect embodiment of something: 'as a singer she is just \Iperfection\j\b\i'. c) the act or process of perfecting: 'the \Iperfection\j\b\i of our technique took a long while'. \Bperfectly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperfectible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Bperfectibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-fekta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bperfectionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tries to do everything perfectly; \Bperfectionism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperfectus\j\b\i made thoroughly
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\Hperfect number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a number that is the sum of all its factors except itself. \IExample:\j\b\i 28 is a perfect number because the factors of 28 are 1,2,4,7,14, which add up to 28.
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\Hperfidy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ifi-dee \Pnoun\p treachery, especially a deliberate breaking of faith or trust. \Bperfidious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1fidd\j\b\ii-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bperfidiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperfidiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperfidia\j\b\i faithlessness
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\Hperforate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ifa-rate \Pverb\p to make a hole or holes through, e.g. to make a row of tiny holes in paper so that part may be torn off. \Bperforation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of perforating, b) a hole or holes.
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\Hperforce\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1force\j\b\i \Padverb\p an old word meaning of necessity.
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\Hperform\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to carry out or through: a) 'to \Iperform\j\b\i an action'; b) 'to \Iperform\j\b\i a rite'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to act, sing, dance, etc. in front of an audience.
a) the act of performing: 'she's lazy in the \Iperformance\j\b\i of her work'. b) a deed or accomplishment: 'coming top was a splendid \Iperformance\j\b\i'. \Bperformer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperfume\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-fewm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any agreeable smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i a liquid obtained from flowers or chemicals which gives a pleasant smell as it evaporates.
a) to put on perfume. b) to fill or scent with perfume. \Bperfumer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or sells perfumes; \Bperfumery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the art or business of making perfumes, b) a place where perfumes are made or sold. Latin \Bper-\j\b\i + Latin \Ifuma\j\b\i smoke
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\Hperfunctory\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1funk\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p performed as a duty, but without interest or care: 'he gave a \Iperfunctory\j\b\i greeting, then ignored us'. \Bperfunctorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperfunctoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpergola\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\igo-la \Ior\j\b\i per-\CX1gole\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p an arrangement of small columns or posts, supporting a horizontal trellis over which vines or other plants may be grown.
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\Hperhaps\h
\Padverb\p possibly.
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\Hperi-\h
a prefix meaning around or about, as in \Iperimeter\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hperianth\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the calyx and corolla of a flower. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Ianthos\j\b\i flower
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\Hpericardium\h
\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1kar\j\b\idi-um \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the membranous sac enclosing the heart. \Bpericarditis\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an inflammation of the pericardium. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Ikardia\j\b\i heart
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\Hpericarp\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the wall of a plant ovary after it has matured into a fruit. It may be dry and hard, as in a nut, or soft and fleshy, as in a berry.
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\Hperidotite\h
\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1doe\j\b\i-tite \Pnoun\p a green or brown rock, composed mainly of olivine.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perr\j\b\ii-jee \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the point in the orbit of the moon, a planet or an artificial satellite when it is closest to the earth. Compare \Japogee\j\b\i.
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\Hperihelion\h
\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1heel\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the point in the orbit of a planet or comet when it is closest to the sun. Compare \Japhelion\j\b\i. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Ihelios\j\b\i sun
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\Hperil\h
\Pnoun\p any serious danger: a) 'I felt my life was in \Iperil\j\b\i'; b) 'to risk the \Iperils\j\b\i of the sea'.
\Bat one's own peril\j\b\i, at one's own risk. \Bperilous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bperilously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperilousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperimeter\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1rimm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a) the outside edge of any closed plane figure or area. b) the length of the boundary of any plane figure.
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\Hperineum\h
\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1nee\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the region of the body between the anus and the urinogenital organs. \Bperineal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hperiod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1peer\j\b\iiod \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a portion of time: a) 'she took a \Iperiod\j\b\i of rest from acting'; b) 'geological and historical \Iperiods\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a specific length or division of time for a single activity, such as the time taken for a school lesson, an orbit by a planet or satellite, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jmenstruation\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i (\IAmerican\j\b\i) a full stop. \Bperiod\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or from a particular historical period; \Bperiodic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i peeri-\CX1odd\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, appearing or happening at regular intervals; \Bperiodically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iperiodos\j\b\i a going around
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\Hperiodical\h
\Isay\j\b\i peeri-\CX1odd\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p a magazine.
\Bperiodical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i issued at regularly recurring intervals.
\CX12.\j\b\i periodic.
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\Hperiodic table\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i an arrangement of the chemical elements in order of their atomic numbers, demonstrating the law that elements having similar properties occur at regular intervals and fall into groups of related elements.
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\Hperipatetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i perripa-\CX1tett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p wandering from place to place. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Ipatein\j\b\i to walk up and down
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\Hperipheral\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1riff\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p a) relating to, situated in, or forming the periphery. b) of minor importance.
\Bperipheral\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a device connected to a computer, such as a printer or a light pen. \Bperipherally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i
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\Hperipheral nervous system\h
See \Jnervous system\j\b\i.
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\Hperiphery\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1riff\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p the outside boundary or surface of something. Greek \Iperiphereia\j\b\i circumference
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\Hperiphrasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1rif\j\b\ira-sis \Pnoun\p a roundabout way of saying something. \IExample:\j\b\i \Ithe finny denizens of the deep\j\b\i is a periphrasis for \Ifish\j\b\i.
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\Hperiscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perri\j\b\i-skope \Pnoun\p an instrument, consisting of mirrors and a tube, which allows the viewer to see things which are above or otherwise out of sight; used in submarines, etc. \Bperiscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Iskopein\j\b\i to look
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\Hperish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to die: 'to \Iperish\j\b\i in the desert'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rot or decay: 'many fruits \Iperish\j\b\i quickly in summer'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were \Iperished\j\b\i with cold in the snow' (= numb). \Bperishable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, liable to spoil or decay; \Bperishability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perrisha-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bperisher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) an annoying person; \Bperishing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) freezing cold; \Bperishingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hperistalsis\h
\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1stal\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bperistalses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perri-\CX1stal\j\b\iseez)
\IBiology:\j\b\i the alternate constriction and dilation of muscular tubes, especially the intestine, which causes the contents of the tube to move in a definite direction. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Istalsis\j\b\i compression
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\Hperistyle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perr\j\b\ii-style \Pnoun\p a) a row of columns surrounding a temple or court. b) the space or court so enclosed.
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\Hperitoneum\h
\Isay\j\b\i perrita-\CX1nee\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Bperitonea\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the organs within it. \Bperitoneal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bperi-\j\b\i + Greek \Itonos\j\b\i stretched
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\Hperitonitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i perrita-\CX1nie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the lining of the abdomen.
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\Hperiwig\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a wig.
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\Hperiwinkle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an edible marine snail.
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\Hperiwinkle (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a creeping, evergreen European plant with blue flowers.
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\Hperjury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-ja-ree \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a statement made under oath which one knows to be untrue. \Bperjure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bperjurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperjurare\j\b\i to break one's oath
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\Hperk (1)\h
\Pverb\p \Bperk up\j\b\i, a) 'she \Iperked up\j\b\i when we told her the good news' (= recovered interest and liveliness); b) 'the robin \Iperked up\j\b\i its tail and sang' (= raised quickly or smartly). \Bperky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) pert or sprightly, b) self-assured; \Bperkily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperk (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to percolate coffee.
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\Hperk (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a perquisite.
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\Hperm\h
\Pnoun\p a permanent wave. \Bperm\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpermaculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ima-kulcher \Pnoun\p an agricultural system in which the crops do not have to be replanted every year.
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\Hpermafrost\h
\Pnoun\p any ground which is permanently frozen, often to a great depth.
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\Hpermanent\h
\Padjective\p lasting or intended to last: a) 'a mountain's \Ipermanent\j\b\i icecap'; b) 'a \Ipermanent\j\b\i tooth filling'. \Bpermanently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpermanence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition or quality of being permanent; \Bpermanency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the condition or quality of being permanent, b) a permanent person, thing, or position.
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\Hpermanent wave\h
also called a \Bcold wave\j\b\i
a method of treating hair with chemicals to give it a curl which lasts for several months.
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\Hpermeable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perm\j\b\iia-b'l \Padjective\p (of one substance) allowing another to pass through it, as water through earth. \Bpermeability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i permia-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpermeate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to pass through, b) to pervade; \Bpermeation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPermian\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i. \BPermian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpermission\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1mish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act of permitting: 'you have my \Ipermission\j\b\i to leave the room'. \Bpermissible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, allowable; \Bpermissibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpermissibility\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpermissive\h
\Padjective\p allowing people freedom of choice and expression, especially in sexual matters. \Bpermissively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpermissiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
a written order, such as a licence, granting leave to do something.
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\Hpermutation\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-mew-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of rearranging.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the act of changing the order of sequence of elements in a series, especially the making of all possible changes in a sequence. \IExample:\j\b\i the permutations of the series \Ixyz\j\b\i, are \Ixzy\j\b\i, \Izxy\j\b\i, \Izyx\j\b\i, \Iyxz\j\b\i and \Iyzx\j\b\i. b) any of these arrangements by itself, such as \Ixyz\j\b\i. Compare \Jcombination\j\b\i. \Bpermutate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipermutare\j\b\i to change completely
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\Hpernicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1nish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p extremely harmful: 'he has a \Ipernicious\j\b\i hold over you'. \Bperniciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperniciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpernicious anaemia\h
a severe type of anaemia due to a lack of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices.
\Isay\j\b\i perra-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a lengthy speech.
\CX12.\j\b\i the conclusion of a speech or essay which emphasises the most important points again. \Bperorate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a long speech, b) to sum up at the end.
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\Hperoxide\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1rok\j\b\iside \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i short form of \Bhydrogen peroxide\j\b\i
\CX12.\j\b\i a substance used to bleach or lighten the colour of hair. \Bperoxide\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bperoxidise\j\b\i, \Bperoxidize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to convert into a peroxide.
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\Hperpendicular\h
\Isay\j\b\i perp'n-\CX1dik\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i being at right angles to a line or plane.
\CX12.\j\b\i vertical or upright. \Bperpendicularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perp'n-dik-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bperpendicular\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a perpendicular line, plane, or position; \Bperpendicularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iperpendiculum\j\b\i a plummet
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\Hperpetrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ipa-trate \Pverb\p a) (of a crime, etc.) to commit. b) (of a hoax, pun, etc.) to be guilty of. \Bperpetrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bperpetration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperpetrare\j\b\i to accomplish
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\Hperpetual\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1pet\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lasting for ever: 'the \Iperpetual\j\b\i snows on the mountain peak'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's been a \Iperpetual\j\b\i stream of phone calls all morning' (= continuous, incessant).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of certain hybrid flowers) blooming all or nearly all the year. \Bperpetually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperpetuate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1pet\j\b\i-yoo-ate) \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make perpetual, b) to keep from being forgotten; \Bperpetuation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperpetuus\j\b\i uninterrupted
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\Hperpetual motion\h
the notion of a device which would continue in motion for ever without further application of energy.
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\Hperpetuity\h
\Isay\j\b\i perpi-\CX1tew\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being perpetual.
\CX12.\j\b\i a fixed income paid annually for a lifetime, usually a form of insurance.
\Bin perpetuity\j\b\i, for ever.
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\Hperplex\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1pleks\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bewilder or confuse. \Bperplexedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperplexity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a perplexed condition, b) something which perplexes; \Bperplexingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hperquisite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ikwa-zit \Pnoun\p short form is \Bperk\j\b\i
an incidental benefit arising from one's employment, e.g. goods at cost price for a shop assistant, private use of a firm's car, etc. Latin \Iperquisitum\j\b\i sought for
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\Hper se\h
\Isay\j\b\i per \CX1say\j\b\i by or in itself: 'there's nothing wrong with socialism, \Iper se\j\b\i'.
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\Hpersecute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\isa-kewt \Pverb\p to persist in ill-treatment or harassment of someone. \Bpersecution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpersecutor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipersequi\j\b\i to pursue \Bpersecute, prosecute\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. \IPersecute\j\b\i means to persistently harass or trouble someone; whereas \Iprosecute\j\b\i means to take legal action against someone: 'I will \Iprosecute\j\b\i them if they continue to \Ipersecute\j\b\i me with their vile lies.'
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\Hpersevere\h
\Isay\j\b\i persa-\CX1veer\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep on doing something despite difficulties or obstacles: 'I will \Ipersevere\j\b\i in this drudgery'. \Bperseveringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperseverance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or habit of persevering.
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\Hpersiflage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\isi-flah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any light-hearted style of speech, as in treating serious matters as trivial and trivial matters as serious.
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\Hpersimmon\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1simm\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a round, reddish-orange fruit which only becomes sweet when fully ripe.
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\Hpersist\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to continue firmly in some course of action, state, etc. despite opposition or difficulties.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the pain was gone quite quickly, but the bruise \Ipersisted\j\b\i for weeks' (= lasted).
a) the action or fact of persisting: 'the \Ipersistence\j\b\i of a head cold'. b) the quality of being persistent: 'he's short on brains but has much \Ipersistence\j\b\i'. \Bpersistent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpersistently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hperson\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a human being, whether man, woman, or child.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's matured to become a \Iperson\j\b\i in her own right' (= individual personality).
\CX12.\j\b\i the body: 'he received several blows about his \Iperson\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i one of three forms taken by a \Ppronoun\p or \Pverb\p, to indicate the person speaking (\Bfirst person\j\b\i), the person who is spoken to (\Bsecond person\j\b\i), or the person being spoken about (\Bthird person\j\b\i). \IExample:\j\b\i 'yesterday, \II\j\b\i (first person) came over to see \Iyou\j\b\i (second person) and your brother. \IHe\j\b\i (third person) was at home but you were still at school'.
\Bin person\j\b\i, 'she came \Iin person\j\b\i to deliver the news' (= herself).
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\Hpersona\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1so\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpersonae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1so\j\b\i-nigh)
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a character in a drama, novel, etc.: 'a list of the characters appearing in a play is called the dramatis \Ipersonae\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the image a person presents, or tries to present, to the world. Latin, an actor's mask
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\Hpersonable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-s'na-b'l \Padjective\p attractive or pleasing in personal appearance. \Bpersonably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpersonage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\isa-nij \Pnoun\p a) an important person: 'the function was attended by several well-known \Ipersonages\j\b\i'. b) any person.
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\Hpersonal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or for a particular person: a) 'a \Ipersonal\j\b\i letter'; b) 'a \Ipersonal\j\b\i favour'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ipersonal\j\b\i interview will be required of all applicants' (= in person).
b) 'she is a woman of considerable \Ipersonal\j\b\i beauty' (= physical).
c) 'there's no point in descending to \Ipersonal\j\b\i remarks' (= attacking or offensive to a person or persons).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i of or relating to all of a person's possessions except land, such as clothing. Compare \Jreal\j\b\i.
\Bpersonally\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in person: 'she \Ipersonally\j\b\i interviewed each applicant'.
\CX12.\j\b\i for one's part: '\Ipersonally\j\b\i, I don't care for caviar'.
\CX13.\j\b\i as a person: 'we like him \Ipersonally\j\b\i, we just don't like his style of living'.
\CX14.\j\b\i as though intended for or directed towards oneself: 'don't take her abruptness \Ipersonally\j\b\i, it's just her manner'.
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\Hpersonal computer\h
short form is \BPC\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a computer which is designed to be used by one person at one time.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapitals\j\b\i) a personal computer produced by the manufacturer IBMÖ.
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\Hpersonal identification number\h
short form is \BPIN\j\b\i
a secret number used with a plastic card to operate an automatic teller machine.
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\Hpersonalise\h
\Pverb\p personalize to make personal: 'he \Ipersonalised\j\b\i his stationery by having his family crest printed on it'.
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\Hpersonality\h
\Isay\j\b\i persa-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the qualities in a person which make him or her individual and unique.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's a well-known radio and television \Ipersonality\j\b\i' (= celebrity).
b) 'there's no need to descend to \Ipersonalities\j\b\i in this discussion' (= personal insults).
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\Hpersonal organiser\h
a pocket-sized microcomputer in which the user may record addresses, phone numbers, appointments, etc.
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\Hpersona non grata\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1so\j\b\i-na non \CX1grah\j\b\ita an unwelcome or unacceptable person. Latin
\CX11.\j\b\i to give human characteristics to abstract ideas, animals, objects, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to embody: 'she \Ipersonifies\j\b\i grief'. \Bpersonification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpersonnel\h
\Isay\j\b\i persa-\CX1nel\j\b\i \Pnoun\p all the people employed in a particular business or work.
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\Hperspective\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1spek\j\b\itiv \Pnoun\p a) the illusion of space and depth produced on a flat surface, as in a painting or drawing. b) the technique of achieving this.
\Bin perspective\j\b\i, in a true or proper proportion.
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\HPerspex\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, transparent plastic which softens when heated and is widely used as a substitute for glass. See \Jacrylic resin\j\b\i. a trademark
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\Hperspicacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i perspi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p keenly discerning or perceiving. \Bperspicaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperspicacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perspi-\CX1kass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iperspicax\j\b\i sharp-sighted
\Pverb\p to sweat. \Bperspiration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or process of perspiring, b) sweat. Latin \Iperspirare\j\b\i to breathe through
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\Hpersuade\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1swade\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make willing to do or believe by arguing, urging, etc.: a) 'we couldn't \Ipersuade\j\b\i him to stay'; b) 'she \Ipersuaded\j\b\i me I was wrong'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's \Ipersuaded\j\b\i the world will end on Tuesday' (= convinced).
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of persuading: 'no \Ipersuasion\j\b\i could move him from his course'. b) the power of persuading: 'his argument lacks \Ipersuasion\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a firm belief or conviction. b) a religious system or belief. \Bpersuadable\j\b\i, \Bpersuasible\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bpersuasive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to persuade; \Bpersuasively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpersuasiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpersuade, convince\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. It is possible to \Ipersuade\j\b\i people to do something without changing their beliefs: 'punishment sometimes \Ipersuades\j\b\i children to act responsibly'. However, to \Iconvince\j\b\i means to change someone's beliefs by using argument or evidence: 'did the prosecutor \Iconvince\j\b\i the jury that the defendant was guilty?'.
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\Hpert\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i bold or impudent.
\CX12.\j\b\i jaunty: 'a \Ipert\j\b\i little hat'. \Bpertly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpertness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpertain\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1tane\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to relate: 'where are the files \Ipertaining\j\b\i to the investigation?'. b) to belong: 'the house and all the land \Ipertaining\j\b\i to it'.
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\Hpertinacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i perti-\CX1nay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p holding firmly or determinedly to a purpose, course of action, idea, etc. \Bpertinaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpertinaciousness\j\b\i, \Bpertinacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perti-\CX1nass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hpertinent\h
\Padjective\p relevant or to the point: 'a \Ipertinent\j\b\i remark'. \Bpertinently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpertinence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperturb\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1terb\j\b\i \Pverb\p to disturb greatly: 'the anonymous telephone calls were \Iperturbing\j\b\i'. \Bperturbation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of perturbing, b) the state of being perturbed, c) anything which perturbs. Latin \Iperturbare\j\b\i to throw into confusion See \Jdisturb\j\b\i.
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\Hperuke\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1ook\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a wig worn by men in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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\Hperuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1rooz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to examine, especially with care or thoroughness: 'I shall \Iperuse\j\b\i your application at my leisure'. \Bperusal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of perusing.
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\Hpervade\h
\Pverb\p to spread throughout: 'a smell of damp \Ipervaded\j\b\i the old house'. \Bpervasive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to pervade; \Bpervasively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpervasiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hperverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1verse\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wilful or wayward: 'a \Iperverse\j\b\i refusal to obey'.
\CX12.\j\b\i incorrect: 'to arrive at a conclusion by a process of \Iperverse\j\b\i reasoning'.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of perverting. b) the state of being perverted. c) a perverse person or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i unusual or unacceptable behaviour, especially in relation to sex. \Bperversely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bperverseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bperversity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1ver\j\b\isi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being perverse, b) an instance of this.
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\Hpervert\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1vert\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn from the right course or the truth: a) 'the lawyer tried to \Ipervert\j\b\i the course of justice'; b) 'to \Ipervert\j\b\i the mind of a child'; c) 'the report \Iperverts\j\b\i the true meaning of the speech'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to change to unusual or unacceptable behaviour, especially in relation to sex. \Bpervert\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\i-vert), \Inoun\j\b\i, a sexually perverted person.
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\Hpervious\h
\Padjective\p allowing penetration: 'sandy soil is \Ipervious\j\b\i to water'. \Bperviousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pay\j\b\i-so \Pnoun\p the unit of money in various South and Central American countries.
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\Hpessary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pess\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a) an object placed in the vagina to support the uterus after it has been displaced. b) a contraceptive, usually spermicidal, device. c) any medication so inserted.
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\Hpessimism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pess\j\b\ii-mizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the tendency to take a gloomy view of things.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that the universe is evil by nature and that it cannot improve. Compare \Joptimism\j\b\i. \Bpessimist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpessimistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpessimistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bpessimism\j\b\i was first used in English to mean the worst possible state. The sense of expecting the worst did not develop until later. The word came into English from French and has its origins in Latin \Ipessimus\j\b\i (worst).
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\Hpest\h
\Pnoun\p any annoying or harmful organism, such as a locust.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this rainy weather is a real \Ipest\j\b\i' (= nuisance). Latin \Ipestis\j\b\i plague or disease
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\Hpester\h
\Pverb\p to annoy, especially with repeated questions, wants, etc. Old French \Iempestrer\j\b\i to hobble a horse
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\Hpesticide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pes\j\b\iti-side \Pnoun\p any substance which is used to destroy pests. \Bpest\j\b\i + Latin \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hpestiferous\h
\Isay\j\b\i pes-\CX1tiff\j\b\ierus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) troublesome or annoying.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pes\j\b\iti-l'nce \Pnoun\p any deadly epidemic disease. \Bpestilential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pesti-\CX1len\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to pestilence, b) carrying disease, c) (informal) troublesome or annoying.
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\Hpestilent\h
\Padjective\p a) harmful to life: 'the \Ipestilent\j\b\i disease raged unchecked'. b) harmful to peace, morals, etc.: 'the \Ipestilent\j\b\i effects of war'.
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\Hpestle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pess\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a club-shaped utensil for crushing substances in a mortar.
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\Hpet (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any animal that is kept and cared for affectionately, as in a home.
\CX12.\j\b\i a favourite person or thing.
\Bpet\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpetted\j\b\i, \Bpetting\j\b\i)
to fondle.
\Bpet\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) kept as a pet: 'a \Ipet\j\b\i dog'. b) favourite: 'a \Ipet\j\b\i theory'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ipet\j\b\i name' (= affectionate).
b) 'my \Ipet\j\b\i hate is loud noise' (= chief, most important).
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\Hpet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a fit or state of peevishness.
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\Hpetal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pett\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p one of the usually brightly coloured outer parts of a flower, forming the corolla. Greek \Ipetalon\j\b\i a leaf
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\Hpeter\h
\Pverb\p \Bpeter out\j\b\i, to lessen slowly and then disappear altogether.
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\Hpetiole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pett\j\b\ii-ole \Pnoun\p the slender stalk of a leaf.
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\Hpetite\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1teet\j\b\i \Padjective\p (of a female) small and delicate. French, little
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\Hpetite bourgeoisie\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1teet\j\b\i bor\Izh\j\b\i-wazzee the lower middle class, such as shopkeepers, etc.
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\Hpetition\h
\Isay\j\b\i pe-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a request, especially one on paper presented formally to a person or persons in authority.
\Bpetition\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to request by or as if by a petition: 'I shall \Ipetition\j\b\i the court for damages'. \Bpetitionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a petition; \Bpetitioner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who petitions.
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\Hpetit mal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pett\j\b\iee mal a very mild form of epilepsy in which the period of unconsciousness is only a matter of seconds. French, small illness
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\Hpetit point\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pett\j\b\ii point a stitch used in tapestry work and fine embroideries.
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\Hpetrel\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small, long-winged, usually black and white seabirds.
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\Hpetri dish\h
a flat dish used for growing bacterial cultures, etc. after \IJ. R. Petri\j\b\i, 1852-1921, a German biologist
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\Hpetrify\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pet\j\b\iri-fie \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become rigid or paralysed: '\Ipetrified\j\b\i with fear'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to turn into stone: '\Ipetrified\j\b\i trees'. \Bpetrification\j\b\i, \Bpetrifaction\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Greek \Ipetra\j\b\i rock
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\Hpetrochemical\h
\Isay\j\b\i petro-\CX1kemm\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p any chemical substance derived from petroleum or natural gas.
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\Hpetrol\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bgasoline\j\b\i
a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and special additives, used as a fuel and a solvent.
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\Hpetroleum\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1tro\j\b\i-lee-um \Pnoun\p also called \Bcrude oil\j\b\i
an oily, naturally occurring liquid which is a source of petrol, oils, waxes and is used as the basis for many artificially created compounds. Latin \Ipetra\j\b\i rock + \Ioleum\j\b\i oil
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\Hpetroleum jelly\h
a semisolid mixture obtained from petroleum, used as a basis for ointments, protective dressings, etc.
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\Hpetrology\h
\Isay\j\b\i pet-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the composition and structure of rocks. Greek \Ipetra\j\b\i rock + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hpetrol station\h
a service station.
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\Hpetticoat\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bslip\j\b\i
a thin skirt or dress made of cotton, silk or nylon, worn under clothes.
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\Hpettifogger\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is concerned over small and unimportant details.
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\Hpettish\h
\Padjective\p peevish or bad-tempered. \Bpettishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpettishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i mean or ungenerous: '\Ipetty\j\b\i criticism'. \Bpettily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpettiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpetty cash\h
a sum of money set aside for minor expenses in an office.
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\Hpetty officer\h
a non-commissioned officer in the navy.
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\Hpetty sessions\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i a court presided over by stipendiary magistrates and justices of the peace to deal with minor crimes.
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\Hpetulant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pet\j\b\i-yoo-l'nt \Padjective\p capricious and peevish. \Bpetulantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpetulance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpetunia\h
\Isay\j\b\i pit-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-nia \Pnoun\p any of a group of garden plants with brightly coloured, trumpet-shaped flowers.
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\Hpew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy, wooden bench with a back, used in churches and often carved.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any seat: 'take a \Ipew\j\b\i'.
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\Hpewit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-wit \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bpeewit\j\b\i
a lapwing.
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\Hpewter\h
\Pnoun\p a) any of a number of alloys in which tin is the chief element, used to make decorative objects such as vases, tea services, etc. b) (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a dull grey alloy mainly of tin and lead, used for everyday table ware, plates etc.
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\Hpeyote\h
\Isay\j\b\i pay-\CX1o\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a) the mescal, a Mexican cactus from which mescaline is derived. b) a drug made from this plant.
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\Hphaeton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fay\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p a light, open, four-wheeled carriage usually drawn by two horses.
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\Hphagocyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fagg\j\b\ia-site \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a type of cell found in the body fluids, which takes in and digests bacteria and other foreign particles. Greek \Iphagein\j\b\i to eat + \Ikytos\j\b\i a cell
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\Hphalange\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fal\j\b\i-anj \Pnoun\p also called a \Bphalanx\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the 14 bones in each hand and foot.
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\Hphalanger\h
\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1lan\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p any of various Australian tree-dwelling marsupials.
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\Hphalanx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fal\j\b\i-anks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bphalanxes\j\b\i or \Bphalanges\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fa-\CX1lan\j\b\i-jeez)
\CX11.\j\b\i a group of soldiers in close formation.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a phalange.
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\Hphallus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fal\j\b\i-us \Pnoun\p plural is \Bphalluses\j\b\i or \Bphalli\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the penis.
\CX12.\j\b\i an image of the penis used as a symbol of strength and fertility in some religions. \Bphallic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphantasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fan\j\b\i-tazm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a phantom or ghost.
\CX12.\j\b\i a creation of the imagination or fancy. \Bphantasmal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fan-\CX1taz\j\b\i-m'l), \Bphantasmic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hphantasmagoria\h
\Isay\j\b\i fan-tazma-\CX1gaw\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p a changing series of images or appearances, as in a dream. \Bphantasmagorical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fantazma-\CX1gorr\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphantom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fan\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p a) a ghost or apparition. b) an image in a dream or the mind. \Bphantom\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, ghostly or unreal.
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\Hpharisee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1farr\j\b\ii-see \Pnoun\p a hypocritical or self-righteous person. \Bpharisaic\j\b\i, \Bpharisaical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i farri-\CX1say\j\b\i-ik'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. after the \IPharisees\j\b\i, an ancient Jewish sect concerned with strict obedience to tradition and the laws
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\Hpharmacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1far\j\b\ima-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the study and practice of preparing medicines.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shop where medicines are prepared, dispensed and sold.
the study of drugs and their effects. \Bpharmacist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1far\j\b\ima-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained to prepare and dispense medicines; \Bpharmaceutical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i farma-\CX1syoo\j\b\iti-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to medicines; \Bpharmacologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Ipharmakon\j\b\i a drug
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\Hpharynx\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1farr\j\b\iinks \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the wide air passage which connects the nose to the throat.
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\Hphascogale\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fas\j\b\ika-gale \Pnoun\p any of a group of carnivorous Australian marsupials similar in shape to domestic rats.
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\Hphase\h
\Isay\j\b\i faze \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stage of development or change: a) 'the adolescent \Iphase\j\b\i' b) 'the \Iphases\j\b\i of the moon'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i any specified point on, or section of, a wave or other periodic phenomenon.
\Bin phase\j\b\i, (of two similar wave patterns) having corresponding phases occurring simultaneously.
\Bphase\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to carry out or do gradually: 'to \Iphase\j\b\i in a new method'.
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\Hpheasant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fezz\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p any of various large, long-tailed game-birds related to the fowl, the male of which has brightly coloured feathers.
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\Hphenacetin\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1nass\j\b\ia-tin \Pnoun\p a white, crystalline drug made from coal tar, used to reduce or relieve a fever.
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\Hphenol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-nol \Ior\j\b\i \CX1fen\j\b\i-ol \Pnoun\p also called \Bcarbolic acid\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a white, crystalline solid (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I5\j\b\iOH), which is corrosive and poisonous and is used as a disinfectant and in making plastics, etc. \Bphenolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1noll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphenomenon\h
\Isay\j\b\i fee-\CX1nomm\j\b\ia-non \Pnoun\p plural is \Bphenomena\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i anything which may be seen and observed directly.
\CX12.\j\b\i any remarkable or extraordinary person, object or event.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\ino-type \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the characters of an organism due to the genotype and the influence of environment. Compare \Jgenotype\j\b\i.
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\Hpheromone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ferro\j\b\i-mone \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a chemical released by animals, particularly insects, to communicate their desire or intention to others of their own kind.
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\Hphew\h
\Isay\j\b\i few interjection an exclamation of disgust, relief, surprise, etc.
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\Hphial\h
\Isay\j\b\i file \Pnoun\p also called a \Bvial\j\b\i
a small container, usually glass, for storing liquids.
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\Hphilander\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1and\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to flirt or have a number of casual affairs. \Bphilanderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphilanthropy\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1an\j\b\ithro-pee \Pnoun\p a love of humanity, especially as shown by acts of goodness or kindness. \Bphilanthropist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphilanthropic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fill'n-\CX1thropp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphilately\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1att\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p the study and collection of postage stamps. \Bphilatelist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphilatelic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i filla-\CX1tell\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphilharmonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-har-\CX1monn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p fond of music.
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\Hphilippic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1lipp\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p any public speech expressing bitter hatred. from the orations delivered by Demosthenes, an Athenian orator, against \IKing Philip\j\b\i of Macedon in the 4th century \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Hphilistine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fill\j\b\iis-tine \Pnoun\p a person who lacks or dislikes culture and refinement. \Bphilistine\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bphilistinism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. the race which did battle with Saul and David in biblical history, inaccurately branded as uncivilised
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\Hphilology\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of language, especially of ancient languages and texts. \Bphilologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphilological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i filla-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphilosophy\h
\Isay\j\b\i fil-\CX1oss\j\b\ia-fee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the pursuit of wisdom and knowledge about e.g. the purpose of life.
\CX12.\j\b\i the study of the principles of a particular subject, such as science or history.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is your \Iphilosophy\j\b\i of life?' (= basic theory or principle).
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to philosophy: 'a \Iphilosophical\j\b\i theory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i calm and rational: 'we'll have to be \Iphilosophical\j\b\i about our bad luck'. \Bphilosopher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphilosophically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iphilein\j\b\i to love + \Isophia\j\b\i wisdom
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\Hphiltre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fil\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p philter a drink or drug believed to have magic powers, especially to inspire love. Greek \Iphiltron\j\b\i love charm
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\Hphlebitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i fle-\CX1by\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the walls of the veins, most commonly in the legs. Greek \Iphlebos\j\b\i of a vein + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Hphlegm\h
\Isay\j\b\i flem \Pnoun\p also called \Bsputum\j\b\i
the thick mucus of the throat, brought up by coughing during a cold, etc. Greek \Iphlegma\j\b\i inflammation
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\Hphlegmatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fleg-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p unemotional or not easily excited.
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\Hphloem\h
\Isay\j\b\i flome \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the cells conducting food in plants.
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\Hphlogiston\h
\Isay\j\b\i flo-\CX1jist\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a chemical believed, before the discovery of oxygen, to make things burn and to be released during burning.
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\Hphlox\h
\Isay\j\b\i floks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bphlox\j\b\i
any of a group of garden plants cultivated for their bright flowers.
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\Hphobia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-bee-a \Pnoun\p an abnormal, persistent and morbid fear of some object or situation. \Bphobic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek, fear
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\Hphoenix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fee\j\b\i-niks \Pnoun\p \IEgyptian mythology:\j\b\i a beautiful bird, the only one of its kind, believed to live for 500 years, then to burn itself on a pyre and to rise again from the ashes as a young bird.
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\Hphone (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i fone \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a telephone. \Bphone\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphone (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i fone \Pnoun\p a speech sound. \Bphonal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\H-phone\h
\Isay\j\b\i fone a suffix meaning sound, as in \Itelephone\j\b\i.
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\Hphonecard\h
\Pnoun\p a machine-readable card which is used instead of money to operate a specially designed public telephone (cardphone).
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\Hphonetics\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-\CX1nett\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of sounds in language or speech. \Bphonetic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bphonetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphoney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-nee \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) false or counterfeit. \Bphoney\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphonics\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fonn\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a method of teaching reading by using common sounds. \Bphonic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hphono-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-no a prefix meaning sound, as in \Iphonology\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hphonograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-no-graf \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a record-player. Greek \IphonΘ\j\b\i sound + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hphonology\h
\Isay\j\b\i fon-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the science or study of the way in which sounds are made into words. Greek \IphonΘ\j\b\i + \B-logy\j\b\i
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fos\j\b\i-fate \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the trivalent (PO\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i){\up6 3-\j\b\i ion, as in most fertilisers.
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\Hphosphor bronze\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fos\j\b\ifa bronz an alloy of copper, tin and phosphorus, used for making instrument springs, gears, turbine blades, etc.
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\Hphosphorescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i fosfa-\CX1ress\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p a) the property of being luminous at temperatures below white heat, e.g. from exposure to light. b) the luminous appearance produced. \Bphosphorescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bphosphoresce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphosphorus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fos\j\b\ifa-rus \Pnoun\p element number 15, a non-metal forming several allotropes. It is used in fertilisers, detergents and matches, and in its chemically combined form is an essential part of all living systems. \Bphosphoric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fos-\CX1forr\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iphosphoros\j\b\i bringing light
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\Hphoto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a photograph.
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\Hphoto-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-toe a prefix meaning light, as in \Iphotograph\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hphotochemical\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-\CX1kemm\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of or relating to chemical reactions that are affected by light. \Bphotochemistry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphotocopy\h
\Pnoun\p a photostat. \Bphotocopier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphotocopy\j\b\i (\Bphotocopied\j\b\i, \Bphotocopying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphotodegradable\h
\Padjective\p pertaining to a substance, especially plastic, which will break up after lengthy exposure to sunlight.
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\Hphotoelectric cell\h
\IElectronics:\j\b\i a cell which produces electricity when exposed to light.
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\Hphoto finish\h
a race in which the competitors finish so close together that a photograph is needed to decide the winner.
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\Hphotogenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-\CX1jenn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p appearing attractive in photographs.
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\Hphotograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-toe-graf \Pnoun\p an image produced by the chemical effect of light on a light-sensitive surface such as film.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the accuracy or detail of a photograph: 'a \Iphotographic\j\b\i memory'. \Bphotograph\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphotography\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-\CX1tog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art or process of taking photographs. \Bphotographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphotogravure\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-grav-\CX1yoor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a method of printing from an etched metal plate based on a photographic image.
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\Hphotolithography\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-lith-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a method of printing from a flat surface which has been prepared photographically. \Bphotolithograph\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-\CX1lith\j\b\ia-graf), \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphotometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-\CX1tomm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument for measuring the intensity of light.
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\Hphotomicrography\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-my-\CX1kog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the taking of photographs through a microscope. \Bphotomicrograph\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphoton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-ton \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a quantum of electromagnetic radiation.
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\Hphoto relief\h
the process of photographing a model of the landforms of an area to make a relief map.
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\Hphotosensitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-\CX1sen\j\b\isa-tiv \Padjective\p sensitive to or changed by light.
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\Hphotostat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fo\j\b\i-toe-stat \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a camera which makes copies of documents, letters, etc. directly on sensitised paper.
\CX12.\j\b\i a copy made with such a device. Also called a \Bphotocopy\j\b\i. \Bphotostat\j\b\i (\Bphotostatted\j\b\i, \Bphotostatting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bphotostat\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. a trademark
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\Hphotosynthesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-\CX1sin\j\b\itha-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the process by which green plants make carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide using the energy that is absorbed by chlorophyll from sunlight. \Bphotosynthetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fo-toe-sin-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i).
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\Hphototropism\h
\Isay\j\b\i fotoe-\CX1tro\j\b\i-pizm \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i having a change in the direction of plant growth in response to light.
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\Hphrase\h
\Isay\j\b\i fraze \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a group of words forming a unit within a sentence, usually excluding a \Pverb\p.
\CX12.\j\b\i any meaningful group of words, such as a short saying.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a small group of notes forming a unit in a melody.
\Bturn of phrase\j\b\i, a particular manner or style of speaking.
\Bphrase\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to express in words: 'if you don't understand, I'll \Iphrase\j\b\i it another way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to group or mark off notes in a phrase. Greek \Iphrasis\j\b\i speech
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\Hphrasebook\h
\Pnoun\p a book of common sentences translated into one or more languages, for use by travellers.
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\Hphraseology\h
\Isay\j\b\i fray-zee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the choice and arrangement of words and phrases in expressing ideas.
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\Hphrenology\h
\Isay\j\b\i fren-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the judging of a person's character or intelligence from the shape of the skull. \Bphrenologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphylum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fie\j\b\i-lum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bphyla\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the largest group used in the classification of animals or plants.
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\Hphysic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fizz\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p an old word for a medicine.
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\Hphysical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fizz\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the body: '\Iphysical\j\b\i exercise'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to natural or material things: '\Iphysical\j\b\i geography'.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to physics. \Bphysically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphysical education\h
the teaching of sports and gymnastics.
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\Hphysical science\h
the study of natural laws and properties other than those restricted to living things, such as is studied in physics, chemistry, etc.
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\Hphysician\h
\Isay\j\b\i fiz-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a doctor of medicine, especially a specialist or consultant.
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\Hphysics\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fizz\j\b\iiks \Pnoun\p the study of the natural laws and properties of matter and energy which are not restricted to living things. \Bphysicist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1fizz\j\b\ii-sist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iphysikos\j\b\i natural
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\Hphysio-\h
\Isay\j\b\i fizzio a prefix meaning physical, as in \Iphysiotherapy\j\b\i.
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\Hphysiognomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i fizzi-\CX1onn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the type of features of a face, especially when used to assess a person's character. Greek \Iphysis\j\b\i nature + \Ignomon\j\b\i judge
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\Hphysiography\h
\Isay\j\b\i fizzi-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the study of the physical features of the earth. \Bphysiographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fizzio-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Bphysiographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iphysis\j\b\i nature + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hphysiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i fizzi-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the function of various parts of living things. Compare \Janatomy\j\b\i. \Bphysiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bphysiological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i fizzia-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bphysiologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hphysiotherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i fizzio-\CX1therr\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p the treatment of bodily disorders by physical means, such as exercises, massages, etc. \Bphysiotherapist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hphysique\h
\Isay\j\b\i fiz-\CX1eek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the physical build of a person.
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\Hpi\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the symbol ╣ (3.141592....), which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
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\Hpianissimo\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-a-\CX1nissi\j\b\imo \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i very softly. Italian
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\Hpiano (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1ann\j\b\io \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpianoforte\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pee-anno-\CX1for\j\b\itee)
\IMusic:\j\b\i a large keyboard instrument in which metal strings are struck by felt-covered hammers. A \Bgrand piano\j\b\i has horizontal strings; an \Bupright piano\j\b\i has vertical strings. \Bpianist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-a-nist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the piano.
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\Hpiano (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1ahn\j\b\io \Padverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i softly. Italian
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\Hpiano accordion\h
also called a \Bsqueeze-box\j\b\i
an accordion having a piano-like keyboard for one hand and chord stops for the other. \Bpiano accordionist\j\b\i.
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\Hpianola\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-an-\CX1ole\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p also called a \Bplayer piano\j\b\i
a piano with a mechanism which allows it to be played automatically from punched paper rolls. a trademark
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\Hpiazza\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1ah\j\b\itsa \Pnoun\p a public square or a colonnade. Italian
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\Hpica\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i an em of 12 points, about 4 mm.
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\Hpicador\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pikk\j\b\ia-dor \Pnoun\p a bullfighter on horseback who uses a lance to taunt the bull. Compare \Jmatador\j\b\i. Spanish \Ipicar\j\b\i to pierce
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\Hpicaresque\h
\Isay\j\b\i pikka-\CX1resk\j\b\i \Padjective\p of literature which tells the story of a rogue or knave in a series of episodes. Spanish \Ipicaro\j\b\i rogue
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\Hpiccaninny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pikk\j\b\ia-ninnee \Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often racist\j\b\i) an Aboriginal or Negro child. Portuguese \Ipequenino\j\b\i very little
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\Hpiccolo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pikk\j\b\ia-lo \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small, high-pitched flute. Italian, small
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\Hpick (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pluck: 'to \Ipick\j\b\i flowers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to choose or select: a) '\Ipick\j\b\i the winner of tomorrow's race'; b) 'she \Ipicked\j\b\i her way through the crowd'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) to touch, remove or irritate something with or as if with a pointed instrument: 'he's \Ipicked\j\b\i the scab off that graze on his knee'. b) to make by digging into with a pointed instrument: 'to \Ipick\j\b\i a hole in the desk with one's compass'.
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\Hpick (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpickaxe\j\b\i
a wooden-handled tool with an iron head which is curved and pointed at both ends for breaking hard soil, rock, etc.
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\Hpickaback\h
\Padverb\p See \Jpiggyback\j\b\i.
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\Hpicket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pointed post driven into the ground as part of a fence, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a detachment of soldiers posted to special duty, such as sentries. b) a group of people positioned in a particular place as a protest, etc., especially to prevent workers from breaking a strike. \Bpicket\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpickings\h
plural \Pnoun\p a) remnants or leftovers selected as worth saving. b) profits, etc. made by dishonest means. c) perquisites.
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\Hpickle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a vegetable or other food preserved in brine or (often spiced) vinegar. b) the liquid, such as brine, in which food is preserved. c) an acid solution for cleaning metal.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a predicament or tricky situation.
\Bpickle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to store or preserve in a pickle.
\Bpickled\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i preserved in a pickle: '\Ipickled\j\b\i onions'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) drunk.
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\Hpick-me-up\h
\Pnoun\p something taken to improve and revive a person's mood, especially an alcoholic drink.
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\Hpickpocket\h
\Pnoun\p a person who steals from people's pockets, handbags, etc.
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\Hpick-up\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device consisting of a movable arm, with a head containing the stylus, which will pick up the sounds recorded on a spinning gramophone record when the stylus is placed in the record's grooves.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small truck, similar to a utility.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person whose company is solicited without previous acquaintance.
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\Hpicnic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an outing on which one takes food to eat outdoors. b) the meal eaten on such an outing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) any enjoyable experience. b) an easy task. \Bpicnic\j\b\i (\Bpicnicked\j\b\i, \Bpicnicking\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpicnicker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpico-\h
a prefix used for SI units, meaning one million millionth (10{\up6 -12\j\b\i).
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\Hpictograph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pik\j\b\ito-graf \Pnoun\p a sign or symbol in the form of a picture, used in some ancient writings.
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\Hpictorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i pik-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p of, like or illustrated by pictures: 'the photographer made a \Ipictorial\j\b\i record of the event'.
\Bpictorial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a newspaper or magazine in which pictures are the main feature. \Bpictorially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpicture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pik\j\b\it-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a representation of objects, people, scenes, etc. on a flat surface, such as a painting, sketch, photograph, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a film, such as is shown in a cinema.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the book gives us a frightening \Ipicture\j\b\i of war' (= impression).
b) 'she looked a \Ipicture\j\b\i of health' (= embodiment).
c) 'the twins looked a \Ipicture\j\b\i in their red caps' (= beautiful sight).
d) 'what is the economic \Ipicture\j\b\i?' (= situation).
\Bget the picture, be in the picture\j\b\i, to understand fully.
\Bpicture\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpictured, picturing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to portray in a picture.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form a mental impression of: '\Ipicture\j\b\i the excitement at the big match'.
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\Hpicturesque\h
\Isay\j\b\i pikt-cher-\CX1esk\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i charming or attractive to look at: 'the countryside was dotted with \Ipicturesque\j\b\i villages'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of language) strikingly vivid or graphic. \Bpicturesquely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpicture tube\h
the cathode-ray tube in a television set, which changes electric currents into pictures.
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\Hpicture window\h
a very large window facing an attractive view.
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\Hpiddle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to urinate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do something in an ineffective or trifling way.
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\Hpidgin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pij\j\b\i-in \Pnoun\p a) the basic Chinese-English language formerly used in Far Eastern trade. \IExample:\j\b\i 'too much dust table topside' (= there's a lot of dust on the table). b) similar forms of English or other languages used elsewhere, e.g. West African pidgin. \IExample:\j\b\i 'make we go' (= let's go). Chinese pronunciation of \Ibusiness\j\b\i
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\Hpie\h
\Pnoun\p a baked dish which contains a sweet or savoury filling, usually covered with a crust of pastry.
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\Hpiebald\h
\Padjective\p having patches of different colours, especially black and white. Compare \Jskewbald\j\b\i. \Bpiebald\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a piebald animal, especially a horse.
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\Hpiece\h
\Isay\j\b\i peece \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a portion or fragment: a) 'a \Ipiece\j\b\i of pie'; b) 'an interesting \Ipiece\j\b\i of news'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single example or article: 'how many \Ipieces\j\b\i in the chess set?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I'll play you a \Ipiece\j\b\i I learnt today' (= composition).
b) 'do you have a 50 cent \Ipiece\j\b\i?' (= coin).
c) 'I expect you feel better now that you've said your \Ipiece\j\b\i' (= view of the matter).
d) 'I refuse to be cast as the villain of the \Ipiece\j\b\i' (= situation).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\B3. a piece of cake\j\b\i, See \Jcake\j\b\i.
\B4. a piece of one's mind\j\b\i, See \Jmind\j\b\i.
\Bgo to pieces\j\b\i, to lose control.
\Bpiece of work\j\b\i, 'he's a clever \Ipiece of work\j\b\i' (= person).
\Bpiece\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpieced, piecing\j\b\i)
to make by putting or joining things: a) '\Ipiece\j\b\i together that broken plate'; b) '\Ipiece\j\b\i together the picture in your mind'.
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\HpiΦce de rΘsistance\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-ess de ray\CX1zis\j\b\i-tonce the best or most important part in a selection of things, such as a dish at a meal or a work of art at an exhibition. French
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\Hpiecemeal\h
\Padverb\p gradually or piece by piece. \Bpiecemeal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpiece rate\h
the wage paid for piece work.
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\Hpiece work\h
any work that is paid by the job done rather than by the time it takes.
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\Hpied\h
\Isay\j\b\i pide \Padjective\p having patches of two or more colours, like a magpie.
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\Hpied-α-terre\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-ed-ah-\CX1tair\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any lodgings kept for occasional use. French \Ipied\j\b\i foot + \Iα terre\j\b\i on the ground
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\Hpier\h
\Isay\j\b\i peer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a structure built from the land into water, used as a landing place for boats, etc. Also called a \Bjetty\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i an upright support or pillar of brick or stone, used in building walls, etc.
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\Hpierce\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpierced\j\b\i, \Bpiercing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to penetrate or make a hole in: 'a spear \Ipierced\j\b\i her arm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to affect or cut through sharply: a) 'spine-chilling screams \Ipierced\j\b\i the air'; b) 'her story \Ipierced\j\b\i my heart'. \Bpiercingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpietα\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-ay-\CX1ta\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a painting or a sculpture of the Virgin Mary mourning over the dead body of Christ. Italian, pity
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\Hpiety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a respect and honour for religious duties, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any respect or honour, such as for one's parents, etc.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mammal, usually domesticated, with short legs, bristly hair and a snout.
\CX12.\j\b\i a block or mould of metal, especially iron or lead.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a greedy or dirty person.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a police officer. \Bpiggy\j\b\i, \Bpiggish\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, greedy or dirty; \Bpiggishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpiggishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpigeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pij\j\b\i-in \Pnoun\p also called a \Bdove\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of a family of fast-flying birds with a compact body, small head and short legs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a domesticated variety of the rock-dove trained to home and carry messages.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is tricked or deceived.
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\Hpigeonhole\h
\Pnoun\p one of a number of small open boxes above a desk, etc., in which papers, etc. are kept.
\Bpigeonhole\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to place in a pigeonhole.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put something aside and ignore or forget it: 'the principal \Ipigeonholed\j\b\i our suggestions'.
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\Hpigeon-toed\h
\Padjective\p having the toes or feet turned inwards.
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\Hpig face\h
\Pnoun\p an Australian plant with pale, succulent leaves and bright flowers and which grows along the ground.
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\Hpiggery\h
\Pnoun\p a farm where pigs are kept.
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\Hpiggish\h
\Padjective\p See \Jpig\j\b\i.
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\Hpiggyback\h
\Padverb\p also called \Bpickaback\j\b\i
on the back or shoulders: 'he carried the child \Ipiggyback\j\b\i'.
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\Hpiggy bank\h
a small moneybox, especially one shaped like a pig.
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\Hpig-headed\h
\Padjective\p stubborn or obstinate.
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\Hpig-iron\h
\Pnoun\p an impure form of iron obtained from blast furnaces.
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\Hpig Latin\h
a language spoken or distorted in such a way that it cannot be readily understood.
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\Hpiglet\h
\Pnoun\p a young pig.
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\Hpigment\h
\Pnoun\p any colouring matter, such as that used in paints and inks. \Bpigmentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the amount or arrangement of colouring in something.
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\HPigmy\h
\Pnoun\p a Pygmy.
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\Hpig out\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to overeat.
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\Hpig-root\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (of a horse\j\b\i) to kick up the hind legs, leaving the forelegs stiffly planted on the ground. Compare \Jbuck (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hpigsticking\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of hunting wild boars with knives, spears and dogs, on horseback.
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\Hpigsty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an enclosed area for pigs.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any very dirty or untidy place.
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\Hpigtail\h
\Pnoun\p a single braid or plait of hair hanging down from the side or back of the head.
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\Hpike (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, slender, aggressive freshwater fish with long snouts.
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\Hpike (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a spear with a pointed metal head.
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\Hpikelet\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bdrop scone\j\b\i
a small pancake.
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\Hpiker\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who fails or shows weakness, especially in a mean or cowardly way. \Bpike\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpilaf\h
\Isay\j\b\i pe-\CX1laff\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a rice dish with meat, vegetables, spices, etc.
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\Hpilaster\h
\Isay\j\b\i pil-\CX1ast\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a square strip or column attached to a wall.
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\Hpilchard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pil\j\b\i-ch'd \Pnoun\p any of a large group of oily fish related to the herring.
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\Hpilchers\h
plural \Pnoun\p an absorbent or waterproof covering placed over a baby's nappies.
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\Hpile (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a number or quantity of things heaped together.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large quantity or amount, as of money.
\Bpile\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to form into or make a pile.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our debts \Ipiled\j\b\i up' (= collected, increased).
b) 'we \Ipiled\j\b\i into the car' (= got in a disorderly way).
c) 'her desk is \Ipiled\j\b\i with books' (= covered).
\Bpile it on\j\b\i, 'don't believe her - she's always \Ipiling it on\j\b\i' (= exaggerating).
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\Hpile (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a large post of wood, concrete or steel, set upright in the ground to support a floor in a house, a bridge, wall, etc.
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\Hpile (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a raised surface on fabric, as on a carpet, made of upright loops of yarn or fibre. Latin \Ipilus\j\b\i a hair
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\Hpile-driver\h
\Pnoun\p a machine for laying piles, usually a tall framework with a weight which forces the pile downwards.
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\Hpiles\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i haemorrhoids.
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\Hpile-up\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a collision, especially between cars.
\CX12.\j\b\i a collecting or increasing, as of things to be done.
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\Hpilfer\h
\Pverb\p to steal, especially in small quantities. \Bpilferage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, petty theft; \Bpilferer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpilgrim\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who travels a long distance to a shrine, etc. as an act of devotion.
\CX12.\j\b\i a poetic word for a traveller or wanderer.
\Bpilgrimage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a journey made by a pilgrim. Latin \Iperegrinus\j\b\i foreigner
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\Hpill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small tablet of medicine.
\CX12.\j\b\i any unpleasant thing that has to be endured: 'punishment is a difficult \Ipill\j\b\i to swallow'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an insipid or unpleasant person.
\Bthe pill\j\b\i
a contraceptive pill.
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\Hpillage\h
\Pverb\p to rob or plunder violently, especially in war. \Bpillage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of pillaging, b) booty obtained by pillaging; \Bpillager\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpillar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a column.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing which supports, upholds or preserves: 'he is a \Ipillar\j\b\i of society'.
\Bfrom pillar to post\j\b\i, hither and thither, from one predicament or resource to another.
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\Hpillarbox\h
\Pnoun\p a letterbox.
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\Hpillbox\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small box for holding pills.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small, cylindrical, brimless hat.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a small, low, concrete fortification, usually containing a machine-gun.
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\Hpillion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pill\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a seat for a passenger, e.g. behind the driver on a motorcycle.
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\Hpillory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pill\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a device forcing a person to stand upright with head and hands locked through a wooden frame, formerly used for public punishment or ridicule. \Bpillory\j\b\i (\Bpilloried\j\b\i, \Bpillorying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put in a pillory, b) to ridicule publicly.
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\Hpillow\h
\Pnoun\p a bag filled with soft material such as feathers, and used as a support for the head, especially in bed. \Bpillow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to rest on a pillow, b) to use something as a pillow.
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\Hpillowcase\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpillowslip\j\b\i
a cloth bag used to cover a pillow.
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\Hpilot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who controls an aircraft.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a person who guides a ship through a difficult area of water, e.g. the entrance to a busy port.
\CX13.\j\b\i something used as an experiment or to test a future project, such as a sample film for a television series.
\Bpilot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to steer, guide or conduct. \Bpilotage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of piloting, b) the fee paid to a pilot.
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\Hpilot light\h
a small flame kept burning continuously and used to light a large burner, e.g. in a gas stove.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who obtains customers for a prostitute or brothel.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an informer or telltale. \Bpimp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpimpernel\h
\Pnoun\p a small, wild plant with scarlet, white or blue flowers.
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\Hpimple\h
\Pnoun\p a small swelling on the skin, usually containing pus. \Bpimply\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having many pimples.
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\Hpin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, usually pointed, piece of wire or metal for fastening or joining, such as a safety pin or a hatpin.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various wooden or metal poles or pegs, such as the flagpole marking each hole on a golf links, a rolling pin, etc.
\Bpin\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpinned\j\b\i, \Bpinning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten or attach with a pin.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the climber was \Ipinned\j\b\i under the fallen rocks' (= held fast).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i to underpin.
\Bpin down\j\b\i, to get a definite commitment or decision from.
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\Hpinafore\h
\Pnoun\p a smock or apron.
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\Hpinball\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a game of chance played on a sloping board with a ball which scores points by hitting objects on the board.
\CX12.\j\b\i a form of pinball where the ball is shot into pockets. Also called \Bbagatelle\j\b\i.
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\Hpince-nez\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pince\j\b\i-nay \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpince-nez\j\b\i
a pair of spectacles held on the nose by a spring. French \Ipincer\j\b\i to pinch + \Inez\j\b\i nose
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\Hpincers\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the prehensile claws of arthropods such as crabs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tool with a pair of jaws for gripping nails out of wood, etc.
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\Hpinch\h
\Pverb\p to squeeze tightly, especially between the thumb and finger: a) 'she \Ipinched\j\b\i his arm'; b) 'I \Ipinched\j\b\i my finger in the door'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I've had to \Ipinch\j\b\i and save to buy this' (= be miserly).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'who's \Ipinched\j\b\i my ruler?' (= stolen).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we got \Ipinched\j\b\i by the cops' (= arrested).
d) 'her face was \Ipinched\j\b\i with hunger' (= made thin and drawn).
e) 'I'm a bit \Ipinched\j\b\i for time this week' (= short of).
\Bpinch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a squeeze.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small amount, such as that held between the finger and thumb: 'a \Ipinch\j\b\i of salt'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a painful situation or stress.
\Bat a pinch\j\b\i, if absolutely necessary. Latin \Ipunctus\j\b\i pricked
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\Hpincushion\h
\Pnoun\p a small cushion into which sewing pins are stuck and kept.
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\Hpine (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of evergreen trees with cones and usually long needle-like leaves, used for timber.
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\Hpine (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to long greatly: 'the prisoner \Ipined\j\b\i for his freedom'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become weak and waste away: 'he \Ipined\j\b\i away from sickness and starvation'.
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\Hpineal gland\h
also called the \Bpineal body\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a gland in the brain which releases a hormone in response to darkness.
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\Hpineapple\h
\Pnoun\p a large fruit with a tough, brown, prickly skin and juicy yellow flesh.
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\Hpin-feather\h
\Pnoun\p a young, undeveloped feather.
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\Hping\h
\Pverb\p to make a short, high-pitched ringing sound. \Bping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the sound of pinging.
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\Hping-pong\h
\Pnoun\p the original trade name for table tennis.
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\Hpinion (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a small wheel with cogs, which engages a larger similar wheel, bar, etc.
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\Hpinion (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the end of a bird's wing.
\Bpinion\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut or bind a bird's wing to prevent it flying.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tie or fasten a person's arms to prevent movement.
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\Hpink (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of pale red colours.
\Bin the pink\j\b\i, feeling very well.
\Bpink\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having the colour pink.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) having moderately left-wing political views.
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\Hpink (2)\h
\Pverb\p to cut with a zigzag or notched pattern, such as the raw edge of fabric to prevent fraying.
\Bpinking shears\j\b\i
a pair of scissors with notched blades for giving material a zigzag edge.
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\Hpink (3)\h
\Pverb\p (of a car engine, etc.) to undergo pre-ignition or to 'knock'.
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\Hpink elephant\h
a hallucination, supposedly seen by alcoholics.
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\Hpin money\h
any small sum set aside for incidental expenses.
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\Hpinnacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pinn\j\b\ia-k'l \Pnoun\p a high, pointed part or structure, such as a mountain peak.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she reached the \Ipinnacle\j\b\i of success' (= highest point or position).
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\Hpinnate\h
\Padjective\p shaped like a feather. Latin \Ipinna\j\b\i feather
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\Hpinpoint\h
\Pverb\p to find or describe exactly: 'can you \Ipinpoint\j\b\i precisely where you lost the money?'.
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\Hpins and needles\h
a tingling sensation in a limb, as after numbness.
\Bon pins and needles\j\b\i, uneasy.
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\Hpinstripe\h
\Pnoun\p a very narrow stripe on a fabric.
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\Hpint\h
\Pnoun\p a) See \Jgallon\j\b\i. b) See \Jbushel\j\b\i.
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\Hpin-table\h
\Pnoun\p a table or board on which pinball is played.
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\Hpint-size\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) small or unimportant.
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\Hpin-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a picture of an attractive or well-known person, such as a filmstar, pinned up on a wall by an admirer.
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\Hpinworm\h
\Pnoun\p a small, parasitic worm found in the human intestines, especially in children.
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\Hpioneer\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-a-\CX1neer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who first enters, explores or settles a new region.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Picasso was a \Ipioneer\j\b\i of modern art' (= innovator, originator). \Bpioneer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to explore or settle for the first time, b) to discover or open the way for.
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\Hpious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) having respect for religion or a god. b) relating to religious or sacred matters: '\Ipious\j\b\i literature'.
\CX12.\j\b\i done in the name of religion or a good cause.
\CX13.\j\b\i falsely or excessively moralistic. \Bpiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipius\j\b\i dutiful
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\Hpip (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a small seed found in fleshy fruit such as apples or grapes.
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\Hpip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various marks or spots on dice, playing cards, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IArmy:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) one of the stars indicating rank, worn on the shoulder-strap of an officer's uniform.
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\Hpip (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a short high-pitched sound, such as a time signal heard on a radio or telephone.
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\Hpip (4)\h
\Pnoun\p a disease of birds, especially poultry, causing a thick discharge which forms a crust in the mouth and throat.
\Bgive someone the pip\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to irritate or annoy.
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\Hpip (5)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpipped\j\b\i, \Bpipping\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to defeat in a race or competition, especially by a small margin.
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\Hpipe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any hollow tube or cylinder for carrying fluids, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any object, part or form which has the shape of a pipe, as in the human body.
\CX13.\j\b\i an object consisting of a hollow tube with a small bowl at one end, used for smoking tobacco, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a hollow cylinder or cone in which air vibrates, as in an organ or wind instrument. b) a simple wind instrument consisting of a tube with holes. c) (\Iplural\j\b\i) bagpipes.
\CX15.\j\b\i a high-pitched note, sound or call: 'the \Ipipe\j\b\i of a bird'.
\Bpipe\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to play on a musical pipe.
\CX12.\j\b\i to carry by means of pipes.
\CX13.\j\b\i to speak, call or sound in a shrill or high-pitched tone.
\CX14.\j\b\i to trim a garment with piping.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpipe down\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to keep quiet.
\Bpipe up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to speak up or interrupt shrilly.
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\Hpipedream\h
\Pnoun\p a dream or hope which is far-fetched or unlikely to be fulfilled.
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\Hpipeline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cross-country length of pipe, especially one conveying petroleum or natural gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i a channel or line of communication, supply, etc.
\Bin the pipeline\j\b\i, in the course of being supplied, produced, etc.
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\Hpiper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who plays a pipe, especially the bagpipes.
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\Hpipette\h
\Isay\j\b\i pip-\CX1pet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bpipet\j\b\i
a slender, graduated tube, usually open at both ends, used in laboratories for measuring and transferring small volumes of liquids.
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\Hpiping\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-ping \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a system of pipes, e.g. for plumbing. b) the material used to make pipes.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act or sound of playing on pipes. b) a shrill sound.
\CX13.\j\b\i a rolled or rounded strip or part, e.g. of fabric used for trimming garments, etc. or icing on a cake.
\Bpiping\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
making a shrill sound.
\Bpiping hot\j\b\i, (of food) very hot.
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\Hpippin\h
\Pnoun\p a type of large apple.
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\Hpipsqueak\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small or insignificant person.
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\Hpiquant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-k'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i pleasantly sharp or spicy in taste, smell, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i stimulating or interesting. \Bpiquantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpiquancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpique\h
\Isay\j\b\i peek \Pnoun\p a feeling of resentment or irritation due to hurt pride, vanity, etc.
\Bpique\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cause irritation or vexation.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stimulate or arouse: 'our curiosity was \Ipiqued\j\b\i by their secretive whispering'. French \Ipiquer\j\b\i to prick or sting
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\HpiquΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pee\j\b\i-kay \Pnoun\p a fabric woven with a raised, corded or quilted pattern.
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\Hpiquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1ket\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a card game for two people, played with a pack of 32 cards.
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\Hpiranha\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1rah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a small, aggressive, South American freshwater fish, which attacks in groups and is dangerous to humans and other animals. Portuguese \Ipira\j\b\i fish + \Isainha\j\b\i tooth
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\Hpirate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-rit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who plunders, robs or commits illegal acts of violence at sea or along the coast.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who uses the work of another without permission, especially in breach of copyright or patent. \Bpirate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpiracy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the practice of being a pirate; \Bpiratical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pie-\CX1ratt\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpirate radio\h
a radio station which broadcasts unlawfully.
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\Hpirouette\h
\Isay\j\b\i pirroo-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a spinning step done on one foot, especially on the tips of the toes, as in dancing. \Bpirouette\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French, whirl
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\HPisces\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-seez \Pnoun\p also called the \BFishes\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the twelfth sign of the zodiac.
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\Hpish\h
interjection an exclamation of contempt.
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\Hpiss\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to urinate.
\Bpiss off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) go away. \Bpiss\j\b\i (informal), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpissed\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) drunk.
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\Hpistachio\h
\Isay\j\b\i pis-\CX1tah\j\b\i-shio \Pnoun\p the nut of a small Mediterranean tree, with a hard shell and an edible green kernel.
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\Hpistil\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) a carpel. b) a gynoecium. \Bpistillate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pist\j\b\iil-it \Ior\j\b\i \Bpist\j\b\iil-ate), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpistol\h
\Pnoun\p any of various short-barrelled guns designed to be held and fired with one hand.
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\Hpistol-grip\h
\Pnoun\p a handle resembling the stock of a pistol, used on certain tools or devices, such as a saw.
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\Hpiston\h
\Pnoun\p a short cylinder with an attached rod which is driven back and forth in a close-fitting cylinder, e.g. in a motor car engine.
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\Hpiston ring\h
a ring, usually of metal, which makes a seal between a piston and cylinder.
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\Hpit (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a hole in the ground. b) a hole or hollow filled with a particular substance: 'a \Isandpit\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a) a coalmine. b) the shaft of a mine.
\CX13.\j\b\i a hollow or depression in a surface: 'smallpox had left many \Ipits\j\b\i in her skin'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'beware of the many \Ipits\j\b\i and snares of greed' (= traps, pitfalls).
b) 'she felt a wave of fear in the \Ipit\j\b\i of her stomach' (= depths, base).
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICar racing:\j\b\i an area beside the racetrack where a car may stop for repairs or refuelling during a race.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i the area below and in front of a stage: 'the orchestra \Ipit\j\b\i'.
\Bpit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpitted\j\b\i, \Bpitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to mark with holes or hollows: 'the accident had \Ipitted\j\b\i his face with scars'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to set in opposition or competition: 'they \Ipitted\j\b\i all their strength against the raging winds'.
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\Hpit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the stone of certain fruits, especially of a cherry, plum, etc. \Bpit\j\b\i, (\Bpitted, pitting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to remove the stone from a fruit.
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\Hpit-a-pat\h
\Pnoun\p a movement or sound of quick, light taps.
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\Hpitch (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw, fling or toss.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put or set up: 'let's \Ipitch\j\b\i the tent by the stream'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ipitched\j\b\i her ambitions very high' (= set, aimed).
\CX13.\j\b\i to fall or plunge: 'he tripped and \Ipitched\j\b\i headlong down the slope'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the ship \Ipitched\j\b\i in the rough seas' (= rocked lengthwise).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpitch in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) 'we all \Ipitched in\j\b\i and bought her a gift' (= contributed); b) 'let's \Ipitch in\j\b\i and clean up this mess' (= set to work).
\Bpitch into\j\b\i, to attack or assault.
\Bpitch on\j\b\i, \Bpitch upon\j\b\i, to settle or decide upon.
\Bpitch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the highness or lowness of a sound or musical note.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or movement of pitching.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a) the area of play. b) the playing surface in cricket between the wickets, being about 3 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 20 m.
\CX14.\j\b\i the highest point or degree: 'the \Ipitch\j\b\i of perfection'.
\CX15.\j\b\i the place where something is pitched.
\CX16.\j\b\i the angle of slope, e.g. of the roof.
\CX17.\j\b\i an approach: 'a salesperson's \Ipitch\j\b\i'.
\Bqueer someone's pitch\j\b\i, to spoil a person's plans.
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\Hpitch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a thick, black viscous mixture obtained from the destructive distillation of coal tar or wood tar, used in road tars, furnace fuels, for waterproofing, caulking, etc.
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\Hpitchblende\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pitch\j\b\i-blend \Pnoun\p a brownish-black mineral which is the main ore of uranium.
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\Hpitched battle\h
a fierce or determined battle.
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\Hpitcher (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a jar with a spout or lid and a handle, used for pouring liquids.
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\Hpitcher (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who pitches, especially the player who throws the ball to the batter in a game of baseball.
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\Hpitchfork\h
\Pnoun\p a long-handled, usually three-tined fork for pitching hay, turning grass, etc. \Bpitchfork\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpitchpipe\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small pipe sounded to give a standard pitch or note when tuning an instrument, etc.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the central cylinder of tissue in dicotyledons.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ipith\j\b\i of his statement was an attack on radicals' (= essence, basic part).
b) 'the \Ipith\j\b\i of his attack took us by surprise' (= force, vigour).
\CX12.\j\b\i any soft, spongy substance, such as that between the flesh and rind of an orange. \Bpith\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to remove the pith from; \Bpithy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, containing or like pith, b) full of force or vigour; \Bpithily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpithead\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pit\j\b\i-hed \Pnoun\p \IMining:\j\b\i a) the top of a shaft. b) the offices, plant, etc. necessary for operating a mine.
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\HPithecanthropus\h
\Isay\j\b\i pithi-\CX1kan\j\b\ithra-pus \Pnoun\p \IArchaeology:\j\b\i an extinct form of ape-like being about 1.5 m tall who lived half a million years ago, once treated as a separate genus but now included in \Ihomo erectus\j\b\i. Greek \Ipithekos\j\b\i ape + \Ianthropos\j\b\i mankind
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\Hpith helmet\h
a light dome-shaped sunhat made from the dried pith of an Indian plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i wretched or miserable: 'a \Ipitiable\j\b\i old man'. \Bpitiably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpitiableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpitiful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i inspiring pity.
\CX12.\j\b\i deserving or inspiring contempt: 'a \Ipitiful\j\b\i display of cowardice'. \Bpitifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpitifulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpitiless\h
\Padjective\p showing no pity or mercy. \Bpitilessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpitilessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPitjantjatjara\h
\Isay\j\b\i pit'n-\CX1jar\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p an Aboriginal language still widely spoken in the desert regions of South Australia.
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\Hpiton\h
\Isay\j\b\i pee-\CX1ton\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a heavy metal pin with a hole at one end, used by mountaineers for setting into a rock to pass a rope through.
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\Hpitta bread\h
a flat, round, Middle Eastern bread that can be opened to form a pocket into which food can be inserted.
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\Hpittance\h
\Pnoun\p a very small or inadequate amount, especially of money or income.
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\Hpitter-patter\h
\Pnoun\p a rapid series of light beats or taps. \Bpitter-patter\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpituitary gland\h
\Isay\j\b\i p'\CX1tew\j\b\ii-tree gland \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a small pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, secreting many hormones which control the other glands of the body. Latin \Ipituita\j\b\i slime (as formerly thought to secrete nasal mucus)
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\Hpity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of sympathy or sorrow inspired by the suffering, misfortune, etc. of another.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which causes pity, sorrow or regret: 'what a \Ipity\j\b\i that it is raining'. \Bpity\j\b\i (\Bpitied\j\b\i, \Bpitying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bpity, compassion\j\b\i. These words have related but distinct meanings. Both words indicate a feeling of sympathy for the suffering of others. \ICompassion\j\b\i suggests a high level of emotional involvement: 'she showed great \Icompassion\j\b\i in her work with the refugees'. \IPity\j\b\i can sometimes suggest a condescension or a looking down on: 'the wealthy man showed his \Ipity\j\b\i for the beggar by tossing him a few coins'.
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\Hpivot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part or point about which something turns.
\CX12.\j\b\i something on which other things depend. \Bpivot\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to turn on or as if on a pivot; \Bpivotal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpixel\h
\Pnoun\p the small screen blocks that make the image on a computer screen.
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\Hpixie\h
\Pnoun\p pixy plural is \Bpixies\j\b\i
an elf.
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\Hpizza\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1peet\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a pie-like food consisting of a flat dough covered with spiced ingredients such as tomato, cheese, olives, sausage, etc., cooked quickly in a very hot oven. Italian, pie
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\Hpizzicato\h
\Isay\j\b\i pitsi-\CX1kah\j\b\ito \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i played by plucking the strings of bowed instruments with the finger. Italian \Ipizzicare\j\b\i to pinch
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\Hpizzle\h
\Pnoun\p an animal's penis.
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\Hplacard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plak\j\b\i-ard \Pnoun\p a poster or notice for public display. \Bplacard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to exhibit or notify by placards.
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\Hplacate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1kate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to pacify or make calm. \Bplacable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plakk\j\b\ia-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, forgiving or able to be placated; \Bplacatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1kay\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, intending to placate.
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\Hplace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular area of space occupied by or set aside for something: a) 'please put that book back in its right \Iplace\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Iplace\j\b\i for relaxing'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'if I were in her \Iplace\j\b\i, I would do this' (= situation, circumstances).
b) 'come and have dinner at our \Iplace\j\b\i' (= house, home).
c) 'it is not my \Iplace\j\b\i to criticise' (= function, duty).
d) 'he's been to \Iplaces\j\b\i I've never even heard of' (= regions).
\CX12.\j\b\i a job or employment: 'he has found a \Iplace\j\b\i in the public service'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) an open court or square in a town or city. b) a name for a street, usually a short street or court.
\CX14.\j\b\i a point in a series: a) 'in the second \Iplace\j\b\i, I will add this criticism'; b) 'divide the sum to four decimal \Iplaces\j\b\i'; c) 'the horse finished in third \Iplace\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I've lost my \Iplace\j\b\i in the book' (= particular passage).
b) 'did the horse run a \Iplace\j\b\i?' (= in the first three places).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo places\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be successful in one's career or social circumstances.
\Bin place of\j\b\i, 'may I go \Iin place of\j\b\i you?' (= as an alternative to).
\Bout of place\j\b\i, a) out of the correct position; b) 'such a cynical reply was quite \Iout of place\j\b\i' (= unsuitable).
\Bput in one's place\j\b\i, 'he needs to be \Iput in his place\j\b\i' (= humbled).
\Btake place\j\b\i, 'the accident \Itook place\j\b\i on the corner' (= was).
\Bplace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put or fix in a particular place: a) '\Iplace\j\b\i those tired feet in these slippers'; b) '\Iplace\j\b\i your trust in me'; c) 'historians \Iplace\j\b\i the date in the 4th century'; d) 'her father \Iplaced\j\b\i her in a law firm'; e) 'was your horse \Iplaced\j\b\i?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I've seen her before but cannot \Iplace\j\b\i her' (= identify, remember the name of).
b) 'I can't \Iplace\j\b\i my hat anywhere' (= find).
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\Hplacebo\h
\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1see\j\b\ibo \Pnoun\p a medicine given to a patient for psychological reasons and not intended to have any physiological effect. Latin, I shall please
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\Hplace kick\h
\IFootball:\j\b\i a kick in which the ball is placed upright on the ground and then kicked.
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\Hplacement\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of placing, especially the finding of jobs or positions for people. b) the state of being placed.
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\Hplacenta\h
\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1sen\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p plural is \Bplacentas\j\b\i or \Bplacentae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1sen\j\b\i-tee)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a spongy organ formed within the uterus during pregnancy so that food and oxygen from the mother's blood supply may reach the foetus and waste products from the foetus may be eliminated. \Bplacental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iplakountos\j\b\i of a flat cake
\Pnoun\p the overlapping piece on the opening, usually in a dress, blouse or skirt.
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\Hplagiarist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1play\j\b\i-ja-rist \Pnoun\p a person who copies or takes another's work or ideas and pretends they are his or her own. \Bplagiarism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of copying another's work and pretending it is one's own, b) anything which is copied or used in this way; \Bplagiarise\j\b\i, \Bplagiarize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to copy. Latin \Iplagiarius\j\b\i kidnapper
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\Hplague\h
\Isay\j\b\i playg \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an infectious, epidemic disease, especially bubonic or pneumonic plague.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden invasion or arrival of large numbers: 'a \Iplague\j\b\i of mosquitoes'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is troublesome or a nuisance: 'those headaches of mine are a \Iplague\j\b\i'.
\Bplague\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bplagued, plaguing\j\b\i)
to trouble, annoy or bother: 'the police have been \Iplagued\j\b\i with complaints about the noise'. \Bplaguy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, annoying or troublesome.
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\Hplaice\h
\Isay\j\b\i place \Pnoun\p a type of European flatfish, used as food.
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\Hplaid\h
\Isay\j\b\i plad \Pnoun\p a) any fabric made from different coloured yarns woven into a chequered pattern. b) a chequered pattern.
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\Hplain\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i easily seen: 'their embarrassment was \Iplain\j\b\i to see'.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily heard or understood: 'her meaning was \Iplain\j\b\i to all of us'.
\CX13.\j\b\i simple or free from complication, etc.: 'just give us the \Iplain\j\b\i facts'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my cat isn't ugly, it's just \Iplain\j\b\i (= not attractive).
b) 'they live a \Iplain\j\b\i though comfortable life' (= not elaborate).
c) 'her \Iplain\j\b\i manner of speaking disconcerts many people' (= frank, candid).
d) 'please write on \Iplain\j\b\i paper' (= unlined).
e) 'it is \Iplain\j\b\i madness for you to go' (= absolute).
\Bplain\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an area of low, generally flat, land.
\CX12.\j\b\i a simple stitch in knitting. \Bplainly\j\b\i, \Bplain\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, a) in a simple or plain manner, b) clearly or obviously; \Bplainness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplain clothes\h
ordinary clothes as distinct from a uniform. \Bplain-clothes\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wearing plain clothes.
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\Hplain sailing\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) an easy or unobstructed course, progress, etc.
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\Hplainsong\h
\Pnoun\p a form of chant used in early church music, using a single melody line with no additional parts or accompaniment.
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\Hplain-spoken\h
\Padjective\p candid or frank.
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\Hplaintiff\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcomplainant\j\b\i
\ILaw:\j\b\i a person who asks for a judgement in court, such as a person demanding payment of a debt. Compare \Jdefendant\j\b\i.
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\Hplaintive\h
\Padjective\p expressing sorrow, sadness or melancholy: 'a \Iplaintive\j\b\i smile'. \Bplaintively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bplaintiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplait\h
\Isay\j\b\i plat \Pnoun\p also called a \Bbraid\j\b\i
a long bunch of hair, etc. divided into three strands, intertwined and bound at the end. \Bplait\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hplan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an action, method or programme worked out beforehand: a) 'do you have a particular \Iplan\j\b\i of attack?'; b) 'what are your \Iplans\j\b\i for the holidays?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drawing or diagram of a structure, details, arrangement, etc.: 'may we see a \Iplan\j\b\i of the house?'.
\Bplan\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bplanned, planning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to form or decide on a plan for: 'the generals met to \Iplan\j\b\i the campaign'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we \Iplan\j\b\i to arrive early' (= aim).
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw or devise a plan for: 'the garden was \Iplanned\j\b\i by a landscape architect'. \Bplanner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplanchette\h
\Isay\j\b\i plon-\CX1shet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small board on two castors, with a vertical pencil believed to write messages from the spirit world when a person's fingers rest lightly on it.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jouija board\j\b\i. French, small plank
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\Hplane (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat or level surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the preacher's words reached a high \Iplane\j\b\i of morality' (= level).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an aeroplane.
\Bplane\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to glide.
\CX12.\j\b\i to travel on top of the water rather than through it, e.g. as is done by a speedboat, water-skier, etc. \Bplane\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, flat; \Bplaneness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplane (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a tool with a blade slotted through a smooth surface, for shaping or smoothing the surface of wood, etc. \Bplane\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bplaner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplane figure\h
any figure whose parts all lie on the same plane.
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\Hplane geometry\h
a branch of geometry dealing with plane figures.
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\Hplanet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plann\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i any body that does not produce light and revolves around a star, especially the nine planets of our solar system. Compare \Jsatellite\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i any of the heavenly bodies such as Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune and Saturn, believed to influence personality and events in conjunction with the stars. \Bplanetary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or resembling a planet or planets, b) earthly or mundane, c) wandering.
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\Hplanetarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i planni-\CX1tair\j\b\i-ium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bplanetariums\j\b\i or \Bplanetaria\j\b\i
a building with a hemispherical ceiling on which the positions and movements of the stars and planets may be displayed by a projector.
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\Hplanetoid\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jasteroid\j\b\i.
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\Hplane tree\h
any of a group of trees with large, broad leaves, spreading branches and flaky bark.
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\Hplangent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plan\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p beating or resounding loudly. \Bplangency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplank\h
\Pnoun\p a long flat piece of cut timber.
\Bwalk the plank\j\b\i, to be forced to walk to one's death from a plank extended over the water from a ship's side.
\Bplank\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover or fit with planks. \Bplanking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) any or all planks, b) the process of fitting planks.
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\Hplankton\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the marine or freshwater, microscopic animals and plants that drift with the surrounding water. Greek \Iplagktos\j\b\i wandering
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\Hplanned obsolescence\h
the deliberate production of goods which will soon be out of date, in order to make sure of continuing sales.
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\Hplant\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a living organism that is usually unable to move about but is usually able to make its own food from chemical elements. Compare \Janimal\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small plant, such as a herb, which has no permanent woody stem, as distinct from a tree, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i the buildings or equipment for a particular industry or mechanical system: 'an electrical \Iplant\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a person placed in a certain situation as a spy, decoy, etc. b) something used to trick, swindle or mislead.
\Bplant\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to place a seed, cutting, tree, etc. in the ground so it will grow.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Iplanted\j\b\i his suitcase on the platform beside him' (= placed or put firmly).
b) 'new doubts had been \Iplanted\j\b\i in his mind' (= established, introduced).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to place a person as a spy, decoy, etc. b) to place or use something in order to trick, mislead, etc.
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\Hplantain (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plan\j\b\itin \Pnoun\p a tropical tree with banana-like fruit.
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\Hplantain (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plan\j\b\itin \Pnoun\p a weed with broad leaves and long spikes of small greenish flowers. Latin \Iplanta\j\b\i sole of the foot (from the shape of the leaves)
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\Hplantation\h
\Isay\j\b\i plan-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a farm, especially in tropical regions, where tobacco, coffee, sugar, etc. are grown.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of planted trees.
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\Hplanter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who plants, especially the owner or manager of a plantation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a machine or tool for planting or sowing seeds.
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\Hplaque (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i plahk \Pnoun\p a flat, ornamental disc or tablet used as a wall-hanging. French
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\Hplaque (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a sticky film which forms on teeth and which can cause gum disease.
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\Hplasma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plaz\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the liquid part of unclotted blood in which cells are suspended. Compare \Jserum\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jprotoplasm\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i an intensely hot gas that has been completely broken up into positive ions and electrons. \Bplasmatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i plaz-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Bplasmic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hplasma physics\h
the study of the behaviour of ionised gases, especially at the very high temperatures required for nuclear fusion.
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\Hplasmid\h
\Pnoun\p a segment of genetic material.
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\Hplaster\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plahs\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mixture of lime and sand or similar substances, used to cover brickwork, etc. inside or outside a house.
\CX12.\j\b\i a solid or partly solid substance, such as plaster of Paris, coated on cloth, etc. as a support for a broken limb.
\CX13.\j\b\i sticking plaster.
\Bplaster\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to apply or cover with plaster.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the train was \Iplastered\j\b\i with advertisements' (= spread or covered thickly).
b) 'her wet hair was \Iplastered\j\b\i to her head' (= stuck).
c) 'the city was \Iplastered\j\b\i by enemy missiles' (= bombed or struck heavily). \Bplasterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bplastering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bplastered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) drunk. Greek \Iemplastos\j\b\i daubed over
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\Hplaster of Paris\h
a white powder, calcium sulphate (formula 2CaSO\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i.H\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO) obtained by heating gypsum to 120-130░C. It swells and hardens when mixed with water and is used for making moulds, etc. \Bplasticity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i plas-\CX1tiss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bplasticise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plast\j\b\ii-size), \Bplasticize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become plastic.
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\Hplastic\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a complex group of substances which may be shaped when soft and then hardened. This group includes resins and polymers, and derivatives of casein, protein and cellulose, and has a virtually limitless range of uses.
\Bplastic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i made of plastic: 'a \Iplastic\j\b\i bag'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be moulded or shaped: 'clay is a \Iplastic\j\b\i substance'.
\CX13.\j\b\i relating to shaping or modelling: 'the \Iplastic\j\b\i arts'. Greek \Iplastikos\j\b\i moulded
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\Hplastic bomb\h
a bomb consisting of a putty-like explosive and a detonator, often used in guerrilla warfare.
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\Hplasticine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plas\j\b\iti-seen \Pnoun\p a plastic modelling compound, obtainable in many colours.
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\Hplastic surgery\h
any surgery which is concerned with remodelling, repairing or restoring normal appearances to external parts of the body.
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\Hplastid\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any of various small bodies found in the cytoplasm of plant cells.
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\Hplate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a shallow, usually circular dish, used for eating from, holding articles, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, flat, smooth sheet or piece: 'a \Iplate\j\b\i of glass'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a sheet or surface used in printing, engraving, photography, etc. b) a print produced from such a surface, especially a full-page illustration in a book.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i one of the sections of the earth's crust, whose movement relative to that of another, is believed to cause earthquakes, build mountain chains, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i any metal articles, utensils or objects, especially silver or gold.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IDentistry:\j\b\i a) a piece of metal or plastic with artificial teeth attached. b) a piece of metal or plastic with wires to help straighten teeth or to fix a fractured jaw.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i any base, especially the base over which the batter stands.
\CX18.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i a) an ornamental metal dish used as a prize. b) a race in which this is awarded. c) a very light horseshoe, often of aluminium.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon a plate\j\b\i, 'the race was handed to the champion \Ion a plate\j\b\i' (= like a gift, with no effort required).
\Bon one's own plate\j\b\i, 'we don't have much work \Ion our plate\j\b\i at the moment' (= to be dealt with).
\Bplate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to coat with a thin layer or film of metal: 'the nickel was \Iplated\j\b\i with silver'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cover with metal plates or armour. \Bplating\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a thin coating or layer, as on metal. Greek \Iplatys\j\b\i flat
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\Hplateau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1platt\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bplateaus\j\b\i or \Bplateaux\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plat\j\b\i-oze)
\CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a large, fairly flat area of highland. Also called a \Btableland\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any fairly steady or stable period or condition.
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\Hplate glass\h
a thick, clear glass used for windows, mirrors, etc.
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\Hplatelayer\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish:\j\b\i a fettler.
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\Hplatelet\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i any of the many minute, irregularly shaped bodies in blood, necessary for forming blood clots.
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\Hplaten\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1platt\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a typewriter, printing press, etc., on which the paper is supported during printing.
\CX12.\j\b\i the work-table of a power-operated tool.
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\Hplate tectonics\h
the theory attempting to explain the evolution of major features of the earth's crust and surface, based on the idea that the earth's upper crust consists of a sequence of rigid plates which are in motion in respect to each other.
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\Hplatform\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any raised floor or horizontal surface, as beside a railway line, in a hall, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an open entrance in a bus, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i the policies or principles of a party, usually declared publicly before an election.
\CX14.\j\b\i the technology and design of a computer, including its disk operating system (DOS). Each platform usually requires its own software and manner of entering and manipulating data.
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\Hplating\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1play\j\b\i-ting \Pnoun\p See \Jplate\j\b\i.
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\Hplatinum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1platt\j\b\ii-n'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 78, a ductile, malleable metal resistant to heat and acids. It is used in alloys, electrical contacts, scientific apparatus and jewellery. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a metallic greyish or bluish-white colour. Spanish \Iplata\j\b\i silver
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\Hplatitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1platt\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p an unoriginal remark or statement, especially one said as if wise or refreshing. \Bplatitudinous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i platti-\CX1tew\j\b\idin-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bplatitudinise\j\b\i, \Bplatitudinize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hplatonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) spiritual as distinct from sexual or sensual: '\Iplatonic\j\b\i love'. \Bplatonically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. after \IPlato\j\b\i, an ancient Greek philosopher who advocated ideal love
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\Hplatoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i pla-\CX1toon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i a part of a company, usually consisting of two or more sections. French \Ipeloton\j\b\i little group
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\Hplatter\h
\Pnoun\p a large, shallow dish for serving food, etc.
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\Hplatyhelminth\h
\Isay\j\b\i platti-\CX1hel\j\b\iminth \Pnoun\p any of a group of worms with soft, flattened bodies. Greek \Iplatys\j\b\i flat + \Ihelmins\j\b\i worm
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\Hplatypus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1platt\j\b\ii-p\Iu\j\b\iss \Pnoun\p plural is \Bplatypuses\j\b\i
short form of \Bduck-billed platypus\j\b\i
a brown, furry, egg-laying Australian mammal living in rivers and lagoons and growing to about 65 cm long, with webbed feet and a leathery, duck-like snout. See \Jmonotreme\j\b\i. Greek \Iplatys\j\b\i flat + \Ipous\j\b\i foot
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\Hplaudit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plaw\j\b\i-dit \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) enthusiastic applause or expression of approval.
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\Hplausible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plaw\j\b\izi-b'l \Padjective\p seeming worthy of belief or acceptance: 'his alibi sounded quite \Iplausible\j\b\i to the jury'.
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\Hplay\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take part in a game, sport or amusement: a) 'shall we \Iplay\j\b\i tennis?'; b) 'let's \Iplay\j\b\i a trick on the others'; c) 'I was only \Iplaying\j\b\i, not serious'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must \Iplay\j\b\i fair' (= be).
b) 'all the time he was talking he was \Iplaying\j\b\i with a button on his coat' (= toying).
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce music on an instrument.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) to perform a play. b) to perform a part in a play, film, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't \Iplay\j\b\i innocent with me' (= act deceitfully).
\CX14.\j\b\i (in games) to move or lay down: 'she \Iplayed\j\b\i her highest card'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to move in a light, quick , irregular way: 'the sun's rays \Iplayed\j\b\i on the coloured glass'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to direct or operate continuously: 'fire fighters \Iplayed\j\b\i jets of foam on the fire'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'their constant chatter \Iplayed\j\b\i on my nerves' (= worked irritatingly).
\CX17.\j\b\i \IFishing:\j\b\i to keep tension on a line so that a hooked fish tires enough to be taken from the water.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bplay along\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to agree or cooperate.
\Bplay ball\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) See \Jball (1)\j\b\i.
\Bplay down\j\b\i, to make little of.
\Bplay fair\j\b\i, to act fairly and not cheat.
\Bplay for time\j\b\i, to act slowly in order to gain more time for one's own purposes.
\Bplay into the hands of\j\b\i, to act in such a way as to give the advantage to.
\Bplay it by ear\j\b\i, to see how things go and improvise measures accordingly.
\Bplay off\j\b\i, (\ISport\j\b\i) to play an extra game to decide a draw.
\Bplay on, play upon\j\b\i, 'he \Iplayed on\j\b\i her generous nature to gain her sympathy' (= made use of).
\Bplay out\j\b\i, to finish or exhaust. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bplayed-out\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Bplay to the gallery\j\b\i, to try to win cheap applause.
\Bplay up\j\b\i, a) 'please behave and don't \Iplay up\j\b\i' (= be naughty); b) 'the debating team \Iplayed up\j\b\i its opponent's lack of knowledge' (= emphasised).
\Bplay up to\j\b\i, to try and win the favour of.
\Bplay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a work written to be acted, especially in a theatre.
\CX12.\j\b\i any activity done for pleasure, recreation, etc.: 'this job is all work and no \Iplay\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any fun or joking.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act of taking part in a sport or game.
\CX15.\j\b\i a quick, irregular movement: 'the \Iplay\j\b\i of sunlight on water'.
\CX16.\j\b\i any free movement or activity: a) 'there is too much \Iplay\j\b\i in the steering wheel'; b) 'she gave her imagination free \Iplay\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the state of a ball being in use in a game.
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\Hplay-act\h
\Pverb\p to pretend.
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\Hplayback\h
\Pnoun\p \IAudio:\j\b\i a) the reproducing or replaying of recorded or taped sounds. b) a device in a recording machine for such a process.
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\Hplaybill\h
\Pnoun\p a programme or announcement for a theatrical performance.
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\Hplayboy\h
\Pnoun\p a carefree, usually wealthy, man devoted to the pleasures of a social or sophisticated life.
#
\Hplayer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who plays, especially one taking part in a game, sport or competition.
\CX12.\j\b\i an actor.
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\Hplayer piano\h
a pianola.
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\Hplayfellow\h
\Pnoun\p a friend with whom one plays.
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\Hplayful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i joking or light-hearted: 'a \Iplayful\j\b\i fight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of fun or high spirits. \Bplayfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bplayfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplaygoer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who attends the theatre.
#
\Hplayground\h
\Pnoun\p an area of land with swings, slides or other facilities for amusement and games for children.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this tropical island is the \Iplayground\j\b\i of the rich' (= place for amusement and relaxation).
#
\Hplay group\h
a preschool class which is usually organised privately.
#
\Hplayhouse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a theatre.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small house for children to play in.
#
\Hplaying card\h
any of a set of 52 cards divided into four suits, used in various games.
#
\Hplaying head\h
\IAudio:\j\b\i See \Jhead\j\b\i.
#
\Hplaymate\h
\Pnoun\p a person or friend with whom one plays.
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\Hplay-off\h
\Pnoun\p a game or match played to resolve a draw.
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\Hplaysuit\h
\Pnoun\p rompers.
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\Hplaything\h
\Pnoun\p a toy.
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\Hplaywright\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1play\j\b\i-rite \Pnoun\p also called a \Bdramatist\j\b\i
a person who writes plays.
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\Hplaza\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plar\j\b\i-zar \Pnoun\p an open area or public square in a city or town.
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\Hplea\h
\Isay\j\b\i plee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a request or entreaty: 'a \Iplea\j\b\i for peace'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a statement, especially in answer to a charge.
\CX13.\j\b\i an excuse.
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\Hplead\h
\Isay\j\b\i pleed \Pverb\p (\Bpleaded\j\b\i or \Bplead\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pled\j\b\i), \Bpleading\j\b\i)
to make a plea: a) 'the accused man \Ipleaded\j\b\i insanity'; b) 'I \Ipleaded\j\b\i with him not to go'. \Bpleadingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpleasant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plezz\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p enjoyable or pleasing. \Bpleasantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpleasantness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpleasantry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plezz\j\b\i'n-tree \Pnoun\p a joke or humorous remark.
#
\Hplease\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i used as a polite form of request: '\Iplease\j\b\i may I go now?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be agreeable or give satisfaction to: 'the speech did not \Iplease\j\b\i the pensioners in the crowd'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'say whatever you \Iplease\j\b\i' (= like).
\Bplease yourself!\j\b\i, do as you want, but do not expect approval. \Bpleasingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpleasure\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i treasure \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a satisfying or pleasant experience: a) 'it is a \Ipleasure\j\b\i to see you'; b) 'wine is one of the \Ipleasures\j\b\i of life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i satisfaction: 'my job gives me a lot of \Ipleasure\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is your \Ipleasure\j\b\i?' (= wish, desire).
\Bpleasure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or take pleasure in. \Bpleasurable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, pleasing; \Bpleasurably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpleat\h
\Isay\j\b\i pleet \Pnoun\p a fold made by doubling cloth on itself, and sewing or pressing it in place. \Bpleat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpleb\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a plebeian.
#
\Hplebeian\h
\Isay\j\b\i pler-\CX1bee\j\b\i-an \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of the common people.
\CX12.\j\b\i common or vulgar. \Bplebeian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iplebeius\j\b\i belonging to the common people
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\Hplebiscite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plebb\j\b\ii-site \Pnoun\p a referendum. Latin \Iplebis\j\b\i of the people + \Iscitum\j\b\i a decree
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\Hplectrum\h
\Pnoun\p a small piece of plastic, wood or metal, used to pluck a stringed instrument.
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\Hpledge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vow or promise: 'a \Ipledge\j\b\i of loyalty'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) something given as security for a loan or debt. b) the state of being given as security: 'my house is in \Ipledge\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this ring is a \Ipledge\j\b\i of my friendship' (= token).
\Btake the pledge\j\b\i, to promise to give up drinking. \Bpledge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give or make a pledge.
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\HPleistocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ply\j\b\i-sta-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jquaternary\j\b\i. \BPleistocene\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hplenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plee\j\b\ina-ree \Padjective\p a) (of authority) complete or absolute. b) (of meetings, etc.) attended by all qualified members. Latin \Iplenus\j\b\i full
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\Hplenipotentiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i plennipa-\CX1ten\j\b\isha-ree \Pnoun\p a person who may make decisions on behalf of the government, such as an ambassador. \Bplenipotentiary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having full authority. Latin \Iplenus\j\b\i full + \Ipotentia\j\b\i power
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\Hplenitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plenn\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p fullness or abundance.
#
\Hplenteous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plen\j\b\iti-us \Padjective\p plentiful or abundant. \Bplenteously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bplenteousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplenty\h
\Pnoun\p a) a full or abundant supply: 'we have \Iplenty\j\b\i of food'. b) abundance: 'there is food in \Iplenty\j\b\i'.
\Bplenty\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) quite or fully: 'this is \Iplenty\j\b\i hard enough for my purpose'.
\Bplenty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
ample or enough: 'no more, this is \Iplenty\j\b\i'.
\Bplentiful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
existing in plenty: 'we have a \Iplentiful\j\b\i supply of bread'. \Bplentifully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iplenitas\j\b\i fullness
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\Hplethora\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pleth\j\b\ia-ra \Pnoun\p an overabundance or excess.
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\Hpleura\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-ra \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpleurae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-ree)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two delicate membranes covering each lung in mammals, folded back to form a lining of the chest wall.
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\Hpleurisy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploor\j\b\ii-see \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the pleura, sometimes accompanying other diseases such as tuberculosis, measles or scarlet fever.
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\Hplexus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bplexuses\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a junction or network of several major nerves or blood vessels. Latin, interwoven
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\Hpliable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ply\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p flexible or easily bent.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she will do what you ask because she's so \Ipliable\j\b\i' (= easily influenced). \Bpliably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpliability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i plya-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Iplier\j\b\i to fold or bend
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ply\j\b\ierz plural \Pnoun\p a small metal tool with long jaws for holding small objects, bending wire, etc.
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\Hplight (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a dangerous or difficult situation.
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\Hplight (2)\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to pledge or promise, especially in marriage.
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\Hplimsoll\h
\Pnoun\p a sandshoe.
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\HPlimsoll line\h
a mark painted on the outside of the hull of a ship to show how deeply it may sit in the water when loaded. after \IS. Plimsoll\j\b\i, 1824-98, an English politician
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\Hplinth\h
\Pnoun\p the lowest part of the base of a column, statue, wall, etc.
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\HPliocene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ply\j\b\io-seen \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jtertiary\j\b\i. \BPliocene\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ipleios\j\b\i more + \Ikainos\j\b\i modern (that is, more modern forms of life)
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\Hplod\h
\Pverb\p (\Bplodded\j\b\i, \Bplodding\j\b\i)
to walk slowly and heavily.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iplodded\j\b\i through his boring job' (= worked with dull perseverance). \Bplodder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bploddingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hplonk (1)\h
\Pverb\p to drop heavily or suddenly. \Bplonk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of dropping heavily.
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\Hplonk (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wine, especially cheap or of poor quality.
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\Hplop\h
\Pverb\p (\Bplopped\j\b\i, \Bplopping\j\b\i)
to drop with a dull, quiet sound. \Bplop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a quiet falling sound.
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\Hplot (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a secret plan, often with an unlawful purpose.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main story of a novel, play, etc.
\Bplot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bplotted\j\b\i, \Bplotting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to plan secretly: 'the prisoners \Iplotted\j\b\i their escape'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark or draw on a map, chart, plan, graph, etc.: 'to \Iplot\j\b\i a route on the map'.
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\Hplot (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small piece or area of ground: 'a garden \Iplot\j\b\i'.
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\Hplotter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who plots.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a peripheral which uses mechanical pens to produce graphics such as charts, diagrams or maps on paper.
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\Hplough\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p a) a farming implement for cutting or turning soil. b) any similar implement: 'a \Isnowplough\j\b\i'.
\Bplough\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to turn soil with a plough.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the ship \Iploughed\j\b\i through the waves' (= moved strongly and steadily).
\Bplough back\j\b\i, 'the profits were \Iploughed back\j\b\i into the company' (= reinvested, put back).
\Bploughshare\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the broad blade of a plough.
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\Hplover\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pluvv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any of various kinds of wading birds found on seashores or moorland, such as the dotterel or the lapwing.
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\Hplow\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a plough. \Bplow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hploy\h
\Pnoun\p a ruse or tricky manoeuvre.
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\Hpluck\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to pull: 'please \Ipluck\j\b\i the feathers from this turkey'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to sound the strings of an instrument by pulling with the fingers or a plectrum.
\Bpluck up\j\b\i, 'he was unable to \Ipluck up\j\b\i enough courage' (= summon).
\Bpluck\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a pulling or jerking movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i courage, spirit or resolution: 'she's full of \Ipluck\j\b\i and daring'. \Bplucky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, brave; \Bpluckily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpluckiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of metal, rubber, etc. used to stop up a hole, as in a bath.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which acts as a wedge or stopper, such as the mass of solidified rock in the vent of a volcano.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device which, when inserted in a socket, etc., connects with a supply of electric current.
\CX14.\j\b\i a piece of tobacco especially one used for chewing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the disc jockey gave the record a \Iplug\j\b\i' (= favourable publicity or mention).
\Bplug\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bplugged, plugging\j\b\i)
to stop up with or insert a plug.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the announcer \Iplugged\j\b\i my latest hit' (= mentioned favourably).
b) 'the police \Iplugged\j\b\i the hoodlum in the back' (= shot).
\Bplug away\j\b\i, to work hard and consistently.
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\Hplum\h
\Pnoun\p a small, round, juicy fruit, usually red, yellow or purple in colour.
\Ba plum in one's mouth\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an affected voice.
\Bplum\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) ideal, especially if profitable: 'a \Iplum\j\b\i job'.
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\Hplumage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-mij \Pnoun\p the feathers on a bird.
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\Hplumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i plum \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plummet.
\CX12.\j\b\i a perpendicular angle: 'the wall is out of \Iplumb\j\b\i'.
\Bplumb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to find the depth or test the perpendicularity of something, using a plumbline.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I tried to \Iplumb\j\b\i her secretive mind' (= penetrate).
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plumm\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a person who installs or repairs pipes, etc. for water and drainage systems.
\Bplumbing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the work of a plumber. b) the system of pipes, drains, etc. in a building.
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\Hplumbic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plum\j\b\i-bik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of lead in which lead has a valency of four. Latin \Iplumbum\j\b\i lead
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\Hplumbline\h
\Pnoun\p a length of cord with a weight on the end, used to find the perpendicular or the depth of water.
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\Hplumbous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plum\j\b\ibus \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of lead in which lead has a valency of two.
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\Hplume\h
\Isay\j\b\i ploom \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feather, especially a large one.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word for a pen.
\Bplume\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) (of a bird) to smooth or preen its feathers. b) to provide or cover with plumes.
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\Hplummet\h
\Pverb\p to drop downwards suddenly and quickly: 'the eagle \Iplummeted\j\b\i from the heavens'.
\Bplummet\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i See \Jplumb-bob\j\b\i.
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\Hplummy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) (of jobs, etc.) choice or desirable. b) (of a voice) rich, especially in an affected way.
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\Hplump (1)\h
\Padjective\p rounded. \Bplump\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become plump; \Bplumpness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplump (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to drop or fall heavily: 'he \Iplumped\j\b\i down his heavy load'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to support or prefer: 'which candidate did you \Iplump\j\b\i for?'. \Bplump\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hplum pudding\h
a rich steamed or boiled pudding made with dried fruits, nuts and spices, eaten especially at Christmas.
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\Hplunder\h
\Pverb\p to steal from or rob, especially violently.
\Bplunder\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any goods which are stolen or gained illegally.
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\Hplunge\h
\Isay\j\b\i plunj \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put or thrust forcibly and suddenly: 'he \Iplunged\j\b\i his hand into the water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fall quickly and sharply: 'the car \Iplunged\j\b\i off the cliff'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the punters \Iplunged\j\b\i on the racehorse' (= bet heavily).
\Bplunge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of plunging. b) a leap or dive.
\Btake the plunge\j\b\i, to decide to start a course of action, despite the risks involved.
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\Hplunger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1plun\j\b\ijer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which plunges, such as a piston.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device consisting of a rubber suction cup and rod, used to clear drains.
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\Hplunk\h
\Pverb\p to pluck or twang the strings of a musical instrument. \Bplunk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of plunking.
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\Hplural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p of, consisting of or expressing more than one. \Bplural\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a plural number, form or word.
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\Hpluralism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-r'l-izm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristianity:\j\b\i the holding of more than one benefice at a time.
\CX12.\j\b\i the retention of their own customs and beliefs by the racial or religious minorities of a country. \Bpluralist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpluralistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hplurality\h
\Isay\j\b\i ploo-\CX1rall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being plural.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i the obtaining of more votes in an election than any other rival candidate.
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\Hplus\h
preposition also or in addition to: 'one \Iplus\j\b\i one equals two'.
\Bplus\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i relating to addition.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I need a dozen eggs \Iplus\j\b\i' (= and more).
\Bplus\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the plus sign (+). b) a positive amount.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is extra or additional. Latin
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\Hplus-fours\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of short, loose trousers drawn into a band below the knee, worn especially by golfers.
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\Hplush\h
\Padjective\p richly luxurious and expensive.
\Bplush\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a thick fabric of silk, wool, etc., with a less dense pile than velvet.
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\HPluto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system furthest from the sun. after \IPluto\j\b\i, another name for Hades, god of the underworld in Greek mythology
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\Hplutocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ploo-\CX1tok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the exercise of power by the rich.
\CX12.\j\b\i the rich viewed as a ruling class. \Bplutocrat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\ita-krat), \Inoun\j\b\i, a very rich and influential person; \Bplutocratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ploota-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iploutos\j\b\i wealth + \Ikratia\j\b\i rule
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\Hplutonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ploo-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IGeology:\j\b\i (of igneous rocks such as granite) formed deep below the earth's surface. \Bpluton\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any plutonic rock.
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\Hplutonium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ploo-\CX1toe\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p element number 94, an artificially created, radioactive metal, discovered while the atomic bomb was being made and later used in nuclear weapons. See \Jtransuranic element\j\b\i and \Bactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hpluvial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ploo\j\b\ivi-ul \Padjective\p of or caused by rain.
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\Hply (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bplied\j\b\i, \Bplying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to work with or at: 'she \Iplied\j\b\i her needle skilfully'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go regularly from one place to another, as a ferry does.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Iplied\j\b\i her with questions' (= repeatedly asked).
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\Hply (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strand of yarn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thickness or layer of wood, etc.
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\Hplywood\h
\Pnoun\p a building material made of several thin sheets of wood glued together.
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\Hpneumatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p operated by or filled with compressed air or other gases: 'a \Ipneumatic\j\b\i drill'. Greek \Ipneumatos\j\b\i of a wind
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\Hpneumoconiosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i newma-koe-nee-\CX1o\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p the progressive damage to the lungs of miners caused by inhaling coal or metal dust. Greek \Ipneumon\j\b\i lung + \Ikonia\j\b\i dust + \B-osis\j\b\i
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\Hpneumonia\h
\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1mone\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p any of various types of inflammation of the lungs, caused by bacterial infection. \Bpneumonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i new-\CX1monn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to the lungs, b) of or suffering from pneumonia. Greek \Ipneumon\j\b\i a lung
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\Hpoach (1)\h
\Pverb\p to steal game or fish from another's land. \Bpoacher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who poaches.
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\Hpoach (2)\h
\Pverb\p to cook in simmering water. \Bpoacher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pan or device for poaching.
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\Hpock\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpox\j\b\i
a small swelling on the skin, containing pus, as in smallpox.
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\Hpocket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small bag set into clothing for carrying money, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pocket-like or enclosed cavity, area or position.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my \Ipocket\j\b\i won't stand another spending spree' (= finances).
b) 'there was still a \Ipocket\j\b\i of discontent' (= small, isolated area).
\Bbe out of pocket\j\b\i, to be without or to lose money.
\Bpocket\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put or enclose in a pocket: a) 'I \Ipocketed\j\b\i the money; b) 'the snooker player \Ipocketed\j\b\i the ball'.
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\Hpocket-book\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wallet.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a purse or handbag.
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\Hpocket-knife\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpocket-knives\j\b\i
also called a \Bclaspknife\j\b\i or a \Bpenknife\j\b\i
a small knife with one or more blades which fold back into the handle.
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\Hpocket-money\h
\Pnoun\p a weekly sum of money for personal expenses, such as is given to a child by a parent.
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\Hpockmark\h
\Pnoun\p a mark or scar left by a disease such as smallpox. \Bpockmark\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpod\h
\Pnoun\p a long, two-sided container of seeds: 'a \Ipea-pod\j\b\i'. \Bpod\j\b\i (\Bpodded\j\b\i, \Bpodding\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to produce pods, b) to shell peas, etc.
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\Hpoddy calf\h
\IAustralian:\j\b\i a hand-fed calf.
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\Hpodgy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poj\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p short and plump. \Bpodge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a podgy person.
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\Hpodium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpodia\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small platform, used by the conductor of an orchestra, for making speeches, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an organ acting as a foot. Greek \Ipodis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hpodsol\h
\Pnoun\p podzol a poor, acidic forest soil found in cold areas, with a greyish-white upper layer and a brownish lower layer. \Bpodsolise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpodsolisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Russian
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\Hpoem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-im \Pnoun\p a composition of words with a rhythmic form, often in rhyme.
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\Hpoesy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-a-zee \Pnoun\p an old word meaning poetry.
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\Hpoet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p a person who writes poems.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the feeling, form or character of a poem. \Bpoetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpoetess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of poet.
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\Hpoetaster\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-it-\CX1ass\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a person who writes bad or inferior poems.
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\Hpoetic justice\h
ideal justice, in which all good is rewarded and all evil punished.
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\Hpoetic licence\h
the liberty taken by a poet or writer to ignore normal literary forms, such as rhyme, or to ignore facts and logic, in order to create a better effect.
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\Hpoet laureate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-it \CX1lorr\j\b\ii-at plural is \Bpoets laureate\j\b\i
a poet appointed to the royal household who writes poems on special royal and national occasions.
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\Hpoetry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the composition of words in a rhythmic structure and often in rhyme.
\CX12.\j\b\i any or all poems.
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\Hpogo stick\h
a toy consisting of a stick on a spring, with footrests for jumping up and down.
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\Hpogrom\h
\Pnoun\p an organised massacre, especially of Jews. Russian, destruction
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\Hpoi\h
\Isay\j\b\i poy \Pnoun\p a flax ball on a string swung to a rhythmic beat in Maori songs and dances.
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\Hpoignant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poyn\j\b\i-y'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i deeply moving or distressing: 'the man's \Ipoignant\j\b\i tears upset me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i strong or sharp in taste or smell.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this is a topic of \Ipoignant\j\b\i interest' (= strong). \Bpoignantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpoignancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French, pricking
\Isay\j\b\i poyn-\CX1sett\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p a Mexican plant with bright, scarlet bracts which look like flowers. after \IJ. R. Poinsett\j\b\i, 1799-1851, an American minister to Mexico
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\Hpoint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sharp tapering end or part, as of a needle.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or position of a point, such as a headland.
\CX13.\j\b\i an exact spot or position: a) 'plot the \Ipoints\j\b\i of your trip on this map'; b) 'at this \Ipoint\j\b\i of time, we can go home'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what's the \Ipoint\j\b\i of continuing?' (= purpose).
b) 'several \Ipoints\j\b\i are not clear' (= details).
c) 'get to the \Ipoint\j\b\i of the story' (= most important idea).
d) 'what are her good \Ipoints\j\b\i?' (= qualities).
\CX14.\j\b\i a unit of scoring in games such as football, cards, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i a degree or position on a scale of measurement: a) 'the boiling \Ipoint\j\b\i of water'; b) 'the stock market rose 12 \Ipoints\j\b\i; c) 'a compass card is divided into 32 equal \Ipoints\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a position directly in front or in the aim of: 'held at the \Ipoint\j\b\i of a gun'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a basic element of space which determines position. b) a decimal point.
\CX18.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a full stop.
\CX19.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a fielding position on the offside, near and facing the batsman.
\CX110.\j\b\i any of the contacts controlling the flow of current in a circuit.
\CX111.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a device for shifting vehicles from one line to another. Also called a \Bswitch\j\b\i.
\CX112.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a twelfth part of an em.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin point of fact\j\b\i, See \Jfact\j\b\i.
\Bmake a point of\j\b\i, to do or undertake deliberately.
\Bon the point of, at the point of\j\b\i, close or about to.
\Bto the point\j\b\i, apt or relevant.
\Bwin on points\j\b\i, (\IBoxing\j\b\i) to win not by a knockout but on general performance.
\Bpoint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to direct or indicate the direction of: a) 'don't \Ipoint\j\b\i your finger at me'; b) 'the needle \Ipointed\j\b\i north'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a gun-dog) to stand stiffly with its nose in the direction of the game.
\CX13.\j\b\i to finish off the joints in stone and brickwork with mortar or cement smoothed with a trowel.
\Bpoint out\j\b\i, to draw attention to. \Bpointed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, apt or direct; \Bpointedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpointedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpoint-blank\h
\Padjective\p aimed or fired at very close range.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he gave me a \Ipoint-blank\j\b\i refusal' (= blunt, definite). \Bpoint-blank\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpoint duty\h
the controlling of traffic at a junction or intersection, by a police officer.
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\Hpointer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that points.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'll give you a few \Ipointers\j\b\i about the work' (= hints, suggestions).
\CX12.\j\b\i one of a breed of large, long-legged, smooth-haired gun-dogs trained to point when scenting game.
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\Hpointillism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pwan\j\b\iti-lizm \Pnoun\p \IArt:\j\b\i a painting method in which small, closely spaced dots of colour are used, which are blended by the eye to form intermediate colours. \Bpointillist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Ipointiller\j\b\i to mark with points
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\Hpointless\h
\Padjective\p without sense or purpose: 'that was a \Ipointless\j\b\i remark'. \Bpointlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpointlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpoint of order\h
plural is \Bpoints of order\j\b\i
a question as to whether the procedure of a meeting, debate, etc. is according to the rules.
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\Hpoint-of-sale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the place at which a sale is made; also refers to publicity material used there (posters, leaflets, display stands, etc.).
\CX12.\j\b\i a specialised cash register which relays all information of the transaction to a central computer. \Bpoint-of-sale\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpoint of view\h
an attitude or position from which things are considered.
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\Hpoint-to-point\h
\Pnoun\p a cross-country horserace.
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\Hpoise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poy\j\b\ize \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i balance or steadiness, as in movement: 'she walks with \Ipoise\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i gracious dignity or self-possession.
\Bpoise\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to balance evenly: 'the argument seemed \Ipoised\j\b\i and could have been resolved either way'.
\Bpoised\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
dignified and self-assured.
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\Hpoison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poy\j\b\iz'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any substance which harms or destroys life.
\CX12.\j\b\i any harmful or destructive influence: 'the \Ipoison\j\b\i of hatred'.
\Bpoison\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give poison to.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'jealousy \Ipoisoned\j\b\i their friendship' (= ruined).
being, containing or having the effects of a poison. \Bpoisonously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpoison-pen\h
\Padjective\p (of a letter) anonymous and intended to hurt, e.g. by a revelation.
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\Hpoke (1)\h
\Pverb\p to jab or thrust: a) 'he \Ipoked\j\b\i me in the ribs with his finger; b) '\Ipoke\j\b\i your head out of the window'. \Bpoke\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a jab or thrust.
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\Hpoke (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Ba pig in a poke\j\b\i, something which is purchased without prior inspection. from \Ipoke\j\b\i, an old word for a bag or sack
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\Hpoker (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a person or thing that pokes. b) a metal rod for stirring a fire.
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\Hpoker (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various card games played by two or more people with five or seven cards each, in which the players bet on the value of their hands. possibly from German \IPochspiel\j\b\i bragging game
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\Hpoker face\h
an expressionless face, such as that of an experienced poker player. \Bpoker-faced\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpoker machine\h
a coin-operated gambling machine.
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\Hpoky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-kee \Padjective\p small and confined: 'a \Ipoky\j\b\i room in a cheap boarding house'.
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\Hpolar\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to a pole, such as the poles of the earth, a magnet, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the twins are \Ipolar\j\b\i opposites in all their likes and dislikes' (= complete).
#
\Hpolar bear\h
See \Jbear (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hpolar coordinates\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i coordinates which define a point by means of a radius vector and the angle it makes with a fixed line through the origin.
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\Hpolarisation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pole-a-rye-\CX1zay\j\b\ish'n \Pnoun\p polarization \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the process by which rays of light exhibit different properties in different directions.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) the separation of a molecule into positive or negative ions. b) the process by which gases produced during electrolysis are deposited on the electrodes of a cell.
\CX13.\j\b\i the production or acquisition of polarity.
\Bpolarise\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause or to undergo polarisation: 'the meeting, at first undecided, gradually \Ipolarised\j\b\i into two hostile camps'. \Bpolariser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which polarises.
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\Hpolarity\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) the possession of two poles. b) the possession of two directly opposite or contrary tendencies, qualities, etc.
#
\HPolaroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-a-royd \Pnoun\p a thin film of plastic that produces polarised light; used in cameras, sunglasses, etc. a trademark
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\Hpolder\h
\Pnoun\p an area of low land reclaimed from the sea and protected by dykes.
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\Hpole (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, rounded piece of wood or metal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IUnits:\j\b\i See \Jperch (1)\j\b\i.
\Bup the pole\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) in difficulty or error; b) slightly mad. \Bpole\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to propel with a pole, especially a boat or punt.
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\Hpole (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i either of the northernmost or southernmost points of the earth's axis.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i either of two points where opposite quantities or forces appear to be concentrated: a) 'the \Ipoles\j\b\i of a battery'; b) 'the \Ipoles\j\b\i of a magnet'.
\Bpoles apart\j\b\i, 'our views on most things are \Ipoles apart\j\b\i' (= widely different, completely opposite). Greek \Ipolos\j\b\i pivot, axis, sky
#
\Hpoleaxe\h
\Pnoun\p a) a halberd. b) a combined axe and hammer for felling or stunning animals. \Bpoleaxe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fell with a poleaxe.
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\Hpolecat\h
\Pnoun\p a small, flesh-eating mammal with a very unpleasant smell, related to the weasel and found in Europe and Asia.
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\Hpolemic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pol-\CX1emm\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an argument, dispute or controversy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the art or practice of controversial arguing. \Bpolemic\j\b\i, \Bpolemical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpolemically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Ipolemikos\j\b\i warlike
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a star situated close to the North Pole of the heavens, formerly used as a guide by sailors.
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\Hpole vault\h
\IAthletics:\j\b\i a contest in which competitors propel themselves high over a bar, with the help of a long pole. \Bpole-vault\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpole-vaulter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpolice\h
\Isay\j\b\i pol-\CX1eece\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) an organised group of officials appointed to enforce a country's laws and prevent and detect crime. b) the members of such a force. \Bpolice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to keep order with or as if with police; \Bpoliceman\j\b\i, \Bpolicewoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a member of a police force.
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\Hpolice state\h
a state in which political dissent is stamped out by secret police.
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\Hpolicy (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-see \Pnoun\p a plan or course of action or procedure: a) 'a business \Ipolicy\j\b\i'; b) 'a country's foreign \Ipolicy\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'for reasons of \Ipolicy\j\b\i we did not pursue the project at that time' (= prudence, expediency).
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\Hpolicy (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a document stating the conditions of insurance. \Bpolicyholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the person insured by an insurance policy.
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\Hpolio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-ee-o \Pnoun\p also called \Binfantile paralysis\j\b\i
an infectious, viral disease of the spinal cord, causing paralysis of muscles. short form of \Ipoliomyelitis\j\b\i, from Greek \Ipolios\j\b\i grey + \Imyelos\j\b\i marrow + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Hpolish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\iish \Pverb\p to make or become smooth and shining: a) '\Ipolish\j\b\i those shoes'; b) 'those shoes \Ipolished\j\b\i up well'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he went through his speech again to \Ipolish\j\b\i it' (= improve, refine).
\Bpolish off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to dispose of or finish.
\Bpolish\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of polishing. b) a smooth, glossy surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i refinement or elegance.
\CX13.\j\b\i any substance used to make a surface smooth and glossy. \Bpolisher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPolitburo\h
\Isay\j\b\i poll\CX1it\j\b\i-bew-ro \Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i the leading committee in a communist party, which decides on policy.
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\Hpolite\h
\Padjective\p displaying good manners or consideration toward others: 'a \Ipolite\j\b\i request'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-tik \Padjective\p wise or prudent: 'it is \Ipolitic\j\b\i not to anger one's boss'. \Bpoliticly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpolitical correctness\h
short form is \BPC\j\b\i
(\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) the philosophy that language and other forms of behaviour should appear to be as respectful of, and hence as inoffensive to, as many social groups as possible.
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\Hpolitical economy\h
the study of the relationship between political and economic policies and the way they influence social institutions. \Bpolitical economist\j\b\i, a person trained or skilled in political economy.
#
\Hpolitical science\h
the study of governments, political affairs and principles. \Bpolitical scientist\j\b\i, a person trained or skilled in political science.
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\Hpolitics\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-tiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the matters connected with the government or organisation of a country or group of countries.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her \Ipolitics\j\b\i are quite radical' (= opinions or allegiances concerning politics).
b) 'the \Ipolitics\j\b\i of the main office would make life unbearable for me' (= scheming for power or advancement).
a person taking an active part in politics, especially as a party representative in parliament. \Bpolitical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1litt\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpolitically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpolitick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to take part in or discuss politics; \Bpolitico\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1litt\j\b\ii-ko), \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a politician. Greek \Ipolitikos\j\b\i of citizens
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\Hpolity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) a particular system of government, e.g. a republic, federation or empire. b) a community organised as a State.
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\Hpolka\h
\Pnoun\p a) a fast dance in which couples move around the room in large circles. b) the music for such a dance.
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\Hpolka dot\h
a dot repeated to make a pattern on a fabric, etc.
#
\Hpoll\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the voting in or results of an election. b) the list of voters. c) the number of votes cast.
\CX12.\j\b\i (plural) any place where voting is held, usually consisting of small cubicles (called \Bpolling booths\j\b\i), for people to vote in secret.
\CX13.\j\b\i a survey of opinions on a subject, usually obtained from a sample group.
\CX14.\j\b\i the head, especially the part of it on which the hair grows: 'a bald \Ipoll\j\b\i'.
\Bpoll\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to receive votes: 'our candidate \Ipolled\j\b\i the highest number of votes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to vote at an election.
\CX13.\j\b\i to take a survey of opinion.
\CX14.\j\b\i to shear or crop hair, wool or horns. \Bpoll\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i (of cattle) having no horns.
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\Hpollard (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\i-ud \Pnoun\p partly ground bran and wheat, used in poultry food.
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\Hpollard (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\i-ud \Pnoun\p a tree with its branches cut back to the trunk so that it will produce denser foliage when it regrows. \Bpollard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpollen\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the fine, yellow powder found in flowers, each grain being a male reproductive cell.
\Bpollinate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to transfer pollen from an anther of a flower to a stigma.
\Bpollen count\j\b\i
a measure of the pollen in the air. \Bpollination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin, fine flour
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\Hpolling booth\h
a) one of a temporary line of cubicles in which voters can mark their election votes in secrecy. b) the place of polling.
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\Hpollster\h
\Pnoun\p a person who conducts opinion polls.
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\Hpoll tax\h
a tax of so much a head (poll) without distinction of wealth.
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\Hpollution\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of making dirty or impure.
\CX12.\j\b\i the spoiling of the environment or atmosphere by industrial waste, noise, etc. \Bpollute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpolluter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpollutant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any substance causing pollution.
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\Hpolo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p a game, similar to hockey, played on horseback using long-handled mallets and a small wooden ball. Tibetan, ball
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\Hpolonaise\h
\Isay\j\b\i polla-\CX1naze\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a slow dance from Poland which includes promenades for couples. b) the music for such a dance. French, Polish
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\Hpolo-neck\h
\Padjective\p also called \Broll-neck\j\b\i
(of a jumper, shirt, etc.) having a raised collar which folds over in one piece. Compare \Jcrew-neck\j\b\i. \Bpolo-neck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a polo-neck collar, b) a garment having such a collar.
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\Hpolonium\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1lo\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p element number 84, a radioactive metal produced by the decay of radium.
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\Hpoltergeist\h
\Isay\j\b\i polta-\CX1guy\j\b\ist \Pnoun\p a mischievous ghost believed to be the cause of disturbing noises and petty destructiveness in a house. German \Ipoltern\j\b\i to make a noise + \IGeist\j\b\i ghost
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\Hpoltroon\h
\Isay\j\b\i pol-\CX1troon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a coward.
#
\HPolwarth\h
\Pnoun\p one of an Australian breed of sheep, noted for the quality of its wool and mutton.
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\Hpoly-\h
a prefix meaning many, as in \Ipolychromatic\j\b\i. Greek
#
\Hpolybasic\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sik \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of an acid) having two or more atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base or basic radicals.
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\Hpolychromatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-kro-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p also called \Bpolychrome\j\b\i
being of many colours. \Bpolychrome\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a work of art executed in many colours. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Ikhromatos\j\b\i of colour
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\Hpolyester\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-esta \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a class of complex organic compounds used in making synthetic resins, plastics and mixed with other fibres in many crease-resistant fabrics.
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\Hpolyethylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1eth\j\b\ia-leen \Pnoun\p See \Jpolythene\j\b\i.
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\Hpolygamy\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1ligg\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the custom of having several spouses or mates at one time. Compare \Jmonogamy\j\b\i. \Bpolygamist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises or advocates polygamy; \Bpolygamous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpolygamously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Igamos\j\b\i marriage
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\Hpolyglot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-glot \Pnoun\p a person who knows several different languages. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Iglotta\j\b\i tongue
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\Hpolygon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-g'n \Pnoun\p a closed plane figure with at least five straight sides. \Bpolygonal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1ligg\j\b\ia-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Igonia\j\b\i corner
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\Hpolyhedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpolyhedrons\j\b\i or \Bpolyhedra\j\b\i
a solid or hollow body bounded by many plane faces. \Bpolyhedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Ihedra\j\b\i a base
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\Hpolymerisation\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-limma-rye-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p polymerization \IChemistry:\j\b\i the process of linking together many monomers to produce a substance (called a \Bpolymer\j\b\i) with a much higher relative molecular mass. \Bpolymerise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1limm\j\b\ia-rize), \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \Imeros\j\b\i a part
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\Hpolymorphism\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1mor\j\b\i-fizm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the existence within a species of several distinct forms of individuals. \Bpolymorphous\j\b\i, \Bpolymorphic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bpolymorph\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an organism exhibiting polymorphism. \Bpoly-\j\b\i + Greek \ImorphΘ\j\b\i form
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\Hpolynomial\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1no\j\b\i-mee-ul \Padjective\p \IMaths:\j\b\i (of an algebraic expression) consisting of two or more terms.
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\Hpolyp\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\iip \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a form of coelenterate that is fixed to one spot, such as the many small organisms of which coral is composed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a growth on a mucous surface, e.g. in the nose.
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\Hpolyphony\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1liff\j\b\ia-nee \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i music having two or more simultaneous voices or parts, each with an individual melody, but all harmonising. \Bpolyphonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1fonn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpolypropylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1pro\j\b\i-pa-leen \Pnoun\p a colourless transparent plastic (a polymerisation of propylene) with similar properties to polythene but much stronger.
#
\Hpolystyrene\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1sty\j\b\i-reen \Pnoun\p a colourless plastic or stiff foam made by polymerising styrene, often used as an insulating or packing material.
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\Hpolysyllable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ii-silla-b'l \Pnoun\p a word of more than three syllables. \Bpolysyllabic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i polli-sil-\CX1abb\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hpolytechnic\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1tek\j\b\inik \Pnoun\p a college teaching mainly science and technical subjects.
#
\Hpolytheism\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1thee\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p the belief in more than one god or many gods. Compare \Jmonotheism\j\b\i. \Bpolytheist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes in more than one god; \Bpolytheistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i polli-thee-\CX1ist\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpolythene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poll\j\b\ia-theen \Pnoun\p also called \Bpolyethylene\j\b\i.
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a tough, waxy, transparent plastic formed by the polymerisation of ethylene, used as insulation and as a protective wrapping in packaging.
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\Hpolyunsaturated\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-un-\CX1satch\j\b\ia-raytid \Padjective\p (of a fat or oil) lacking hydrogen bonds at several points in its carbon chain, and thus reacting with other compounds. \Bpolyunsaturate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a polyunsaturated fat or oil.
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\Hpolyvinyl acetate\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1vie\j\b\i-n'l assa-tate short form is \BPVA\j\b\i
a colourless solid, softening when heated, used in adhesives, inks, lacquers and fabrics.
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\Hpolyvinyl chloride\h
\Isay\j\b\i polli-\CX1vie\j\b\i-n'l klaw-ride short form is \BPVC\j\b\i
a colourless solid, softening when heated, having a good resistance to water, alkalis, acids, and alcohol, and used in making many domestic and industrial articles, including upholstery fabrics.
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\Hpomade\h
\Isay\j\b\i pom-\CX1ahd\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a perfumed ointment formerly applied to the head and scalp. \Bpomade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpomander\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1man\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p an aromatic ball, usually an orange studded with cloves and rolled in spices, used to perfume cupboards, etc.
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\Hpome\h
\Pnoun\p any of various fleshy fruit, such as an apple, pear, etc., which has seeds but no stone. Latin \Ipomum\j\b\i apple
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\Hpomegranate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pomm\j\b\ii-grannit \Pnoun\p a medium-sized, round, red fruit with a tough skin and containing many seeds in the edible, acid flesh. Old French \Ipome granate\j\b\i many-seeded fruit
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\Hpommel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pumm\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a knob-like end to an object, such as that on the front part of a saddle or the hilt of a sword.
\Bpommel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpomelled\j\b\i, \Bpomelling\j\b\i)
to pummel.
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\Hpommy\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bpommie\j\b\i
short form is \Bpom\j\b\i
\IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) an English person, especially one who has immigrated. perhaps a play on the words \Ipomegranate\j\b\i and \Iimmigrant\j\b\i (referring to the red sunburnt faces)
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\Hpomp\h
\Pnoun\p any stately or ceremonious splendour or display: 'the coronation was conducted with great \Ipomp\j\b\i'.
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\Hpompom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an automatic multi-barrelled anti-aircraft gun, used by the Navy.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jpompon\j\b\i.
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\Hpompon\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpompom\j\b\i
a ball of coloured wool used as a trimming on hats, etc.
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\Hpompous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pom\j\b\ipus \Padjective\p full of self-importance or an exaggerated sense of one's dignity. \Bpompously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpompousness\j\b\i, \Bpomposity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pom-\CX1poss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i, the quality of being pompous.
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\Hponce\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a man who lives off the earnings of a prostitute.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a conceited person, usually a man. \Bponce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hponcho\h
\Pnoun\p a blanket-like cloak with a hole in the middle for the head to go through. American Indian
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\Hpond\h
\Pnoun\p a small, often artificially constructed, area of water, surrounded by land.
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\Hponder\h
\Pverb\p to consider deeply or carefully. \Bponder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bponderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who ponders. Latin \Ipendere\j\b\i to weigh
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\Hponderous\h
\Padjective\p heavy and bulky: 'a \Iponderous\j\b\i boulder'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he writes in a very \Iponderous\j\b\i fashion' (= dull, tedious). \Bponderously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bponderousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpong\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a smell, especially an unpleasant one. \Bpong\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpontiff\h
\Pnoun\p a high priest or the Pope. \Bpontifical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pon-\CX1tiff\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to the Pope or papacy, b) pompous; \Bpontifically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpontificate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pon-\CX1tiff\j\b\ii-kit \Pnoun\p the office or jurisdiction of a high priest or the Pope.
to speak pompously or with an exaggerated sense of authority.
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\Hpontoon (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pon-\CX1toon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a boat or floating tank, used to support bridges, piers or other structures on water.
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\Hpontoon (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i pon-\CX1toon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also called \Btwenty-one\j\b\i, \Bvingt-et-un\j\b\i or \Bblackjack\j\b\i
\ICards:\j\b\i a game played against the banker where the winner is the player whose points are closest to, but not more than, twenty-one.
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\Hpony\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small horse, especially one less than 14 hands in height.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a small glass of beer, or beer-glass.
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\Hponytail\h
\Pnoun\p a hairstyle in which a long bunch of hair is pulled back and tied so as to hang like a horse's tail.
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\Hpoodle\h
\Pnoun\p one of a breed of curly-haired dogs, usually elaborately trimmed and clipped.
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\Hpoofter\h
\Pnoun\p pooftah short form is \Bpoof\j\b\i
(\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a male homosexual.
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\Hpooh\h
interjection an exclamation of contempt.
\Bpooh-pooh\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to dismiss contemptuously.
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\Hpool (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small area of still liquid. b) a still, deep part in an area of water.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a swimming pool.
#
\Hpool (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a common fund, supply or service: 'all company executives use typists from the typing \Ipool\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the stakes played for in certain games.
\CX13.\j\b\i a game similar to billiards, in which numbered balls are hit into the pockets in various orders. Compare \Jsnooker\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) See \Jfootball pools\j\b\i.
\Bpool\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put things together for common advantage: 'three of us \Ipooled\j\b\i our savings to buy an old car'.
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\Hpoop (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a deck or cabin on the stern of a boat.
\Bpoop deck\j\b\i
a short deck built over the main deck at the stern of a ship. Latin \Ipuppis\j\b\i the stern
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\Hpoop (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tire or exhaust: 'I was \Ipooped\j\b\i after the long walk'.
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\Hpoor\h
\Isay\j\b\i por \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) having very little money, property or resources. b) showing poverty: 'we alighted outside a \Ipoor\j\b\i cottage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lacking something needed: a) '\Ipoor\j\b\i soil'; b) 'in \Ipoor\j\b\i health'; c) 'a \Ipoor\j\b\i excuse'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's a \Ipoor\j\b\i loser' (= ungracious).
b) 'if I may add my \Ipoor\j\b\i opinion to this discussion' (= humble).
c) 'the \Ipoor\j\b\i little bird has fallen out of its nest' (= unfortunate).
d) 'a \Ipoor\j\b\i supply of well-qualified maths teachers' (= small, inadequate). \Bpoorly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, in poor health; \Bpoorly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpoorness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpoorbox\h
\Pnoun\p a box in a church, courtroom, etc. in which money may be placed for distribution to the poor.
#
\Hpoorhouse\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a workhouse.
#
\Hpop (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpopped\j\b\i, \Bpopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a short, quick, explosive sound: 'the champagne cork \Ipopped\j\b\i loudly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to move, come, or go suddenly or unexpectedly: 'a rabbit \Ipopped\j\b\i up from between my feet'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ipopped\j\b\i the book straight into his bag' (= put quickly).
b) 'her eyes \Ipopped\j\b\i in astonishment at the unusual sight' (= stared, bulged).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpop off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to go away; b) to die; c) to fall asleep.
\Bpop in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to make a brief visit, often unexpected.
\Bpop the question\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to propose marriage.
\Bpop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a short, quick, explosive sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an effervescent soft drink.
\CX13.\j\b\i grandfather, old man. \Bpop\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) with a pop, b) suddenly or unexpectedly.
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\Hpop (2)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of or relating to any of the forms of pop culture: '\Ipop\j\b\i music'. \Bpop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pop tune or song. a short form of \Bpopular\j\b\i
#
\Hpop art\h
a style of modern art using images of the everyday commercial world, such as advertising slogans, comic strips, etc. Compare \Jop art\j\b\i. from \Bpop\j\b\i(ular) + \Bart\j\b\i
#
\Hpopcorn\h
\Pnoun\p the burst, puffed kernels of maize after they have been heated.
#
\Hpop culture\h
a subculture, usually of the young, reacting against the dominant culture of a society.
#
\Hpope\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) the bishop of Rome as the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
(\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) of or characteristic of the Roman Catholic Church. \Bpopishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpopery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the customs and traditions of the Roman Catholic Church. Greek \Ipappas\j\b\i father
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\Hpopeyed\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pop\j\b\i-ide \Padjective\p having bulging or staring eyes.
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\Hpopinjay\h
\Pnoun\p a conceited, foppish person.
#
\Hpoplar\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of tall, quick-growing, deciduous trees, used for timber.
#
\Hpoplin\h
\Pnoun\p a woven fabric of cotton and often polyester with a fine cross-rib.
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\Hpoppet\h
\Pnoun\p a term of endearment for a child.
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\Hpoppet valve\h
a valve which is opened by being lifted totally off its seat; used especially in motor vehicle engines.
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\Hpoppy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of plants with showy flowers, one variety of which is the source of opium.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bright reddish-orange colour. \Bpoppy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hpoppycock\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense.
#
\Hpopulace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pop\j\b\i-yoo-lis \Pnoun\p a) the general public. b) the population.
#
\Hpopular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pop\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having widespread approval, favour or appreciation: 'she's very \Ipopular\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of, from or representing the people, especially the general population: 'a \Ipopular\j\b\i revolutionary government'.
\CX13.\j\b\i general, widespread or common: '\Ipopular\j\b\i superstitions'. \Bpopularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pop-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the condition of being admired or liked widely; \Bpopularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpopularise\j\b\i, \Bpopularize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become popular; \Bpopularisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpopulariser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes something popular.
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\Hpopular front\h
\IPolitics:\j\b\i the joining of communist, socialist or other parties in a democratic or revolutionary movement, as against capitalism or fascism.
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\Hpopulate\h
\Pverb\p a) to supply with inhabitants or a population. b) to inhabit.
#
\Hpopulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pop-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all the people, organisms or individuals of one biological species, living in a certain area.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or process of populating.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the total group of individuals, scores, etc. from which a sample is taken.
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\Hpopulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pop\j\b\i-yoolus \Padjective\p having a large population. \Bpopulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Bpopulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hporcelain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\isa-lin \Pnoun\p a very fine, white, glossy ceramic material, usually translucent and fired at a high temperature. Compare \Jchina\j\b\i, \Bearthenware\j\b\i and \Bstoneware\j\b\i.
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\Hporch\h
\Pnoun\p a roofed doorway or entrance to a building.
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\Hporcupine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pork\j\b\i-yoo-pine \Pnoun\p any of various European, American and Asian rodents covered with long protective spines. Old French \Iporc\j\b\i pig + \Iespin\j\b\i spiny
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\Hpore (1)\h
\Pverb\p to study or look at closely and carefully.
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\Hpore (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a very small opening in a surface, especially the skin, for absorbing or emitting liquid, etc.
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\Hpork\h
\Pnoun\p the flesh of a pig.
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\Hporker\h
\Pnoun\p a young pig fattened for food.
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\Hporky\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) fat.
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\Hpornography\h
\Isay\j\b\i por-\CX1nog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p obscene literature or art designed to excite sexual desire, especially that produced for money. \Bpornographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpornographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i porno-\CX1graff\j\b\iik). Greek \Ipornographos\j\b\i writing about prostitutes
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\Hporous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1paw\j\b\irus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having pores.
\CX12.\j\b\i allowing the passage of gas or liquid. \Bporousness\j\b\i, \Bporosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i paw-\CX1ross\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hporphyry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1porf\j\b\ii-ree \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any igneous rock which has large crystals scattered in a fine-grained material. Latin \Iporphyrites\j\b\i purple stone
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\Hporpoise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\ipus \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, marine mammals with a short, round snout. Latin \Iporcus\j\b\i pig + \Ipiscis\j\b\i fish
#
\Hporridge\h
\Pnoun\p a food made by boiling oatmeal and milk or water to a thick paste.
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\Hport (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a town with a harbour where ships load and unload cargo. b) the docks or harbour.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place of shelter.
\Bport of call\j\b\i, a place which is briefly visited.
#
\Hport (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the left side of a boat or aeroplane when looking towards the front. Compare \Jstarboard\j\b\i.
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\Hport (3)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various sweet, fortified red wines. first shipped from \IOporto\j\b\i, a city in Portugal
#
\Hport (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a porthole.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i any of the passages along which gases flow into or out of an internal combustion engine.
#
\Hport (5)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a suitcase or bag.
#
\Hportable\h
\Padjective\p able to be carried or moved: 'a \Iportable\j\b\i television set'. \Bportable\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is portable. Latin \Iportare\j\b\i to carry
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\Hportage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p a) the carrying of goods or boats across land from one stretch of water to another. b) the cost of doing this.
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\Hportal\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a doorway or entrance, especially a large or imposing one.
#
\Hportal vein\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large vein carrying blood rich in digested food from the stomach and intestines to the liver.
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\Hportcullis\h
\Isay\j\b\i port-\CX1kull\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a strong grating which may be let down to close a gateway to a castle or other fortified place. Old French \Iporte\j\b\i door + \Icoleice\j\b\i sliding
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\Hportend\h
\Isay\j\b\i por-\CX1tend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to be an omen or warning of. \Bportent\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\i-tent), \Inoun\j\b\i, an indication or omen, especially of a disaster; \Bportentous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i por-\CX1ten\j\b\i-tus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having the character of a portent, b) extraordinary.
#
\Hporter (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person employed to carry luggage, etc., e.g. in a railway station, hotel, etc. \Bporterage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the work of a porter, b) the charge for this service.
#
\Hporter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a doorkeeper or gatekeeper.
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\Hporter (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a dark brown beer containing malt which has been dried at a high temperature.
#
\Hportergaff\h
\Pnoun\p an alcoholic drink made from stout and lemonade.
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\Hportfolio\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a case, usually leather, for carrying papers, letters or documents.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i the office or duties of a government minister.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Iportfolio\j\b\i of shares' (= assortment). Italian \Iportare\j\b\i to carry + \Ifogli\j\b\i sheets or leaves
#
\Hporthole\h
\Pnoun\p a small circular window in the side of a ship to let in light and air.
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\Hportico\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\i-tikko \Pnoun\p a roof supported by columns, forming an entrance to a building.
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\Hportion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) a section of a whole. b) a share or allotment. \Bportion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to divide.
#
\HPortland cement\h
See \Jcement\j\b\i.
#
\Hportly\h
\Padjective\p stout and having the gait that goes with it. \Bportliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hportmanteau\h
\Isay\j\b\i port-\CX1mant\j\b\io \Pnoun\p plural is \Bportmanteaus\j\b\i or \Bportmanteaux\j\b\i
an oblong piece of luggage which opens into two equal sections.
\Bportmanteau word\j\b\i, a word coined by telescoping two or more words together, e.g. \Ichortle\j\b\i from \Ichuckle\j\b\i and \Isnort\j\b\i. French \Iporter\j\b\i to carry + \Imanteau\j\b\i a coat
#
\Hportrait\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1por\j\b\itrit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, usually showing the face.
\CX12.\j\b\i a description, especially of a person. \Bportraiture\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the art of making a portrait or portraits, b) a portrait; \Bportraitist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprotractus\j\b\i revealed
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\Hportray\h
\Isay\j\b\i por-\CX1tray\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make a picture of or describe. \Bportrayal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\HPortuguese man-of-war\h
also called a \Bbluebottle\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a marine animal, related to the jellyfish, with a sail-like crest and a very painful sting.
#
\Hpose\h
\Isay\j\b\i poze \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take up or hold a position, as in front of a camera, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to represent oneself to others: 'he \Iposes\j\b\i as a connoisseur of wine'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to act in an affected or pretentious way.
\CX14.\j\b\i to put forward: 'the examiner \Iposed\j\b\i several difficult questions'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'lack of seating \Iposed\j\b\i quite a problem at the school play' (= presented).
\Bpose\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a position or posture of the body: 'please make your \Ipose\j\b\i more relaxed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he maintained a \Ipose\j\b\i of unfriendliness despite our efforts' (= attitude).
\CX12.\j\b\i an affected or pretentious attitude.
#
\HPoseidon\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-d'n \Pnoun\p \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i the god of the sea, identified with the Roman god Neptune.
#
\Hposer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who poses.
#
\Hposer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a puzzling problem or question.
#
\Hposeur\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1zer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who behaves in an affected manner.
#
\Hposh\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) stylish, high-class or upper-class: a) 'a \Iposh\j\b\i hotel'; b) '\Iposh\j\b\i clothes'; c) 'a \Iposh\j\b\i accent'.
#
\Hposit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pozz\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to lay down or assume as a fact or a basis for argument.
#
\Hposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i poz\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the place where something is or belongs: 'this car is parked in the wrong \Iposition\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the way in which something is placed or arranged: 'she had to sit in a cramped \Iposition\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the theft put the manager in a difficult \Iposition\j\b\i' (= situation).
b) 'I have applied for a clerical \Iposition\j\b\i' (= job).
c) 'what is your personal \Iposition\j\b\i in this matter?' (= view).
\Bposition\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put in a particular position, to deploy: 'the general \Ipositioned\j\b\i his troops along the road'.
#
\Hpositive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pozz\j\b\ii-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i expressing agreement, acceptance or certainty: 'a \Ipositive\j\b\i reply to the invitation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i allowing no doubt or question: 'the police have found \Ipositive\j\b\i proof of the murderer's identity'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that poet is a \Ipositive\j\b\i genius' (= absolute, complete).
\CX13.\j\b\i optimistic or hopeful: '\Ipositive\j\b\i thinking'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to a number greater than zero.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jdegree\j\b\i.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i having a deficiency of electrons.
\Bpositive\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is positive.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i an image on a developed film, in which the light and dark areas appear as photographed. Compare \Jnegative\j\b\i. \Bpositively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpositiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpositron\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the antiparticle of an electron. \Bposi\j\b\i(tive) + (elec)tron
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\Hposse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1poss\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a group of volunteers who help an officer of the law in an emergency.
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\Hpossess\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1zess\j\b\i \Pverb\p to hold, keep or control as one's own: 'do you \Ipossess\j\b\i many books?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'rage \Ipossessed\j\b\i her at the sight of such cruelty' (= took over, dominated). \Bpossessor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpossessed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) obsessed or strongly affected, as by a supernatural force, b) self-assured.
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\Hpossession\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1zesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of possessing. b) the state of being possessed.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which is possessed: 'that house is my most valuable \Ipossession\j\b\i'.
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\Hpossessive\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1zess\j\b\iiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i indicating or relating to possession: '\Bher\j\b\i is a \Ipossessive\j\b\i \Ppronoun\p'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having or showing a desire to possess, control or dominate: 'he is very \Ipossessive\j\b\i about his lover'. \Bpossessively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpossessiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpossessive case\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jcase (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hposset\h
\Pnoun\p a spiced drink made of hot milk curdled with wine or spirits.
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\Hpossible\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i capable of being, being done or happening: 'is it \Ipossible\j\b\i to cure such a disease?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able or likely to be true.
\CX13.\j\b\i likely to be favourable or successful: 'we have found a \Ipossible\j\b\i place for the picnic'. \Bpossibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpossibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i possi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the fact of being possible, b) something that is possible. \Bpossible, probable\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings; both are concerned with whether a particular thing or imagined situation will happen or come into being. \IPossible\j\b\i is used if there is a small likelihood of something happening: 'it is \Ipossible\j\b\i that you could win the lottery'; whereas \Iprobable\j\b\i is used if there is a good chance of something happening: 'it is \Iprobable\j\b\i that you will not win the lottery'.
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\Hpossie\h
\Isay\j\b\i pozzi \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a position: 'this is a good \Ipossie\j\b\i for a picnic'.
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\Hpossum\h
\Pnoun\p a small, tree-dwelling Australian marsupial, feeding mainly on plant material.
\Bplay possum\j\b\i, to pretend to be unaware, asleep or dead in order to outwit.
\Bstir the possum\j\b\i, to raise a contentious subject.
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\Hpost (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an upright piece of wood or metal used as a support, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the finishing line on a racecourse.
\Bpost\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to stick or display: '\Ipost\j\b\i no advertisements on this wall'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to announce, declare or publish: 'five sailors were \Iposted\j\b\i as missing after the storm'.
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\Hpost (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) the system of sending, collecting and delivering letters and parcels, usually organised by a government department or corporation. b) any letters or parcels distributed in this way. Also called the \Bmail\j\b\i.
\Bpost\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to send or place something for delivery by post.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'please keep us \Iposted\j\b\i of your news' (= informed).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of the Internet) a) to send a communication via electronic mail to a receiving computer. b) to send a communication to a bulletin board, discussion group, etc. for others to read.
\CX13.\j\b\i to travel quickly. \Bpost\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) by the post, b) with haste; \Bpostal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpost (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the position where a sentry is stationed. b) the buildings and grounds where troops are stationed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a position or appointment.
\Bpost\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to appoint or station to a place or position: 'two guards were \Iposted\j\b\i behind the bank'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young teacher was \Iposted\j\b\i to another school' (= transferred).
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\Hpost-\h
a prefix meaning behind or after, as in \Iposthumous\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hpostage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1post\j\b\i-ij \Pnoun\p the cost of sending letters, etc. by post. A \Bpostage stamp\j\b\i is a small printed label stuck to an envelope or parcel as evidence that postage has been paid.
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\Hpostal order\h
also called a \Bpostal note\j\b\i
a type of money order, in various fixed denominations, bought and cashable at any post office.
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\Hpostbox\h
\Pnoun\p a letterbox.
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\Hpostcard\h
\Pnoun\p a card, usually with a picture on one side, which may be sent by post without an envelope.
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\Hpostcode\h
\Pnoun\p a system by which all districts or towns are given a code number in order to speed the sorting of the post.
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\Hpostdate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to date with a future date: 'to \Ipostdate\j\b\i a cheque'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come after in time.
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\Hposter\h
\Pnoun\p a large printed sheet of paper or card, often illustrated, used as an announcement, advertisement or for decoration.
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\Hposte restante\h
\Isay\j\b\i post ress-\CX1tont\j\b\i a department in a post office where letters are kept until collected. French, post remaining
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\Hposterior\h
\Isay\j\b\i pos-\CX1teer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to or situated at the rear or behind.
\CX12.\j\b\i coming later in time or position.
\Bposterior\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the buttocks. Latin, following after
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\Hposterity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pos-\CX1terr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the future time or generations.
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\Hpostgraduate\h
\Padjective\p of study beyond the level of a bachelor's degree. \Bpostgraduate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person engaged in such study.
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\Hposthaste\h
\Padjective\p as fast as possible.
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\Hposthumous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pos\j\b\i-tewmus \Padjective\p occurring or continuing after one's death: 'the resistance fighter received a \Iposthumous\j\b\i award for her bravery'. \Bposthumously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipostumus\j\b\i last (confused with \Ihumus\j\b\i ground, grave)
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\Hpostie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the abbreviated term for \Bpostman\j\b\i.
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\Hpostillion\h
\Isay\j\b\i pos-\CX1til\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p postilion a person who rides one of the horses which is pulling a carriage, to help guide the team.
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\Hpostman\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bmailman\j\b\i
a person employed by a post office to carry and deliver the post. \Bpostwoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of postman.
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\Hpostmark\h
\Pnoun\p a mark stamped on an envelope over the postage stamp, usually showing when and where the letter was posted. \Bpostmark\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpostmaster\h
\Pnoun\p the official in charge of a post office. \Bpostmistress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of postmaster.
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\Hpost meridiem\h
\Isay\j\b\i post mer-\CX1ridd\j\b\ii-em short form is \Bp.m\j\b\i.
the time after midday. Compare \Jante meridiem\j\b\i. \Bpostmeridian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, after midday
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\Hpost-mortem\h
\Pnoun\p also called an \Bautopsy\j\b\i
an inspection and dissection of a body after death, usually to determine the cause of death. Latin, after death
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\Hpostnatal\h
\Isay\j\b\i post-\CX1nay\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p of or happening in the period immediately after birth.
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\Hpost office\h
\CX11.\j\b\i an office or building in which letters, etc. are received, sorted and sent out, stamps sold, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the department of government or corporation responsible for a country's postal and telecommunication services.
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\Hpost-operative\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to the time or events after a surgical operation.
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\Hpostpaid\h
\Padjective\p (of a letter or telegram) having the price of postage already paid.
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\Hpostpone\h
\Pverb\p to cause to occur at a date later than planned or expected. \Bpostponement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpostscript\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \BP.S\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i a sentence, note or paragraph added at the end of a letter.
\CX12.\j\b\i any additional part or information. \Bpost-\j\b\i + Latin \Iscriptum\j\b\i written
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\Hpostulant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pos\j\b\i-tew-l'nt \Pnoun\p a person who asks or applies, especially a candidate for admission to a religious order.
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\Hpostulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pos\j\b\i-tew-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to state.
\CX12.\j\b\i to assume without proof, especially as the basis of an argument. \Bpostulate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pos\j\b\i-tew-lit), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something which is postulated, such as a principle, b) a necessary condition; \Bpostulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of postulating. Latin \Ipostulatus\j\b\i claimed
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\Hposture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pos\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the arrangement or position of the body: 'an awkward \Iposture\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an attitude: 'he maintained a \Iposture\j\b\i of defiance despite our threats'.
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\Hposy\h
\Pnoun\p a small bunch of flowers.
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\Hpot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a round, deep container.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar round object: 'a \Ichimneypot\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) marijuana. b) a potbelly. c) a pot shot.
\CX14.\j\b\i a common fund shared by several people, such as the total amount of money bet by all the players for one hand of cards.
\CX15.\j\b\i a trap or basket for catching fish.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a large measure of beer that varies in size between States.
\Bgo to pot\j\b\i, to lessen in or lose quality, etc.
\Bpot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bpotted\j\b\i, \Bpotting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to place or plant in a pot.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cook or preserve food in a pot.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to take a wild or random shot.
\CX14.\j\b\i to capture or win: 'they \Ipotted\j\b\i several prizes between them'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i to hit a ball into a pocket.
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\Hpotable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-tab'l \Padjective\p suitable for drinking. Latin \Ipotare\j\b\i to drink
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\Hpotash\h
\Pnoun\p either potassium carbonate (formula K\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iCO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), or potassium hydroxide (formula KOH), both of which are strongly alkaline.
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\Hpotassium\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1tass\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 19, a soft, strongly reactive metal. Its compounds are essential to life and are used as fertilisers and in liquid soaps. See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i. \Bpotassic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpotato\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bpotatoes\j\b\i
a plant of the nightshade family; its edbile round white roots are used as a vegetable. Haitian \Ibatata\j\b\i sweet-potato
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\Hpotbelly\h
\Pnoun\p a large abdomen. \Bpotbellied\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpotboiler\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a work of literature or art produced quickly for financial gain. as done to keep the \Ipot boiling\j\b\i, that is, to get food
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\Hpotent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-t'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i full of power or strength: 'a \Ipotent\j\b\i remedy'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she could not give us any \Ipotent\j\b\i reason for her behaviour' (= convincing).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a male) having the ability to perform sexual intercourse. \Bpotency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being potent or powerful; \Bpotently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpotentate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-t'n-tate \Pnoun\p any person with great power, such as a ruler or dictator.
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\Hpotential\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p possible: 'come and meet your \Ipotential\j\b\i classmates'.
\Bpotential\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a likely ability or capacity: 'she already shows great \Ipotential\j\b\i as a singer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i the amount of electric charge on a body with respect to earth, which is considered to have zero potential. \Bpotentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpotentiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i po-tenshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a possibility.
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\Hpotential difference\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i the difference in potential between two bodies. If they are connected together, electric charge will flow between them.
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\Hpotential energy\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the energy which a body has because of its position, e.g. a coiled spring, a cart at the top of a hill, etc.
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\Hpothole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pot\j\b\i-hole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hole, e.g. in a road surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i an underground cavern, especially one eroded in limestone by underground streams. \Bpotholing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the exploration of potholes.
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\Hpothook\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pot\j\b\i-hook \Pnoun\p a hook from which vessels may be suspended over an open fire.
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\Hpotion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1po\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a liquid, especially one with medicinal or magical effects.
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\Hpotluck\h
\Pnoun\p a random or chance choice.
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\Hpotpourri\h
\Isay\j\b\i po-\CX1poo\j\b\i-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mixture of dried petals with herbs or spices kept for its fragrant scent.
\CX12.\j\b\i any mixture of unrelated or miscellaneous things. French \Ipot\j\b\i pot + \Ipourri\j\b\i rotten
#
\Hpot roast\h
a large piece of meat which is cooked slowly in a small amount of water in a covered pot, often with vegetables. \Bpot-roast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpotsherd\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pot\j\b\i-sherd \Pnoun\p a fragment of pottery, such as is found in an archaeological excavation.
#
\Hpot shot\h
a wild or random shot.
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\Hpottage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pott\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a soup or stew.
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\Hpotted\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i cooked or preserved in a pot: '\Ipotted\j\b\i meat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) shortened or condensed: 'a \Ipotted\j\b\i version of a novel'.
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\Hpotter (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) to move or act slowly or aimlessly. b) to pass time in a relaxed manner.
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\Hpotter (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes pottery.
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\Hpotter's wheel\h
a rotating metal or wooden disc on which a potter shapes clay.
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\Hpottery\h
\Pnoun\p a) any objects made by shaping and baking clay, etc., such as earthenware and stoneware. b) the art or business of making such objects. c) the place where such objects are made.
#
\Hpotty (1)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mad or foolish.
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\Hpotty (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small chamber-pot for young children.
#
\Hpouch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small bag made or used for a special purpose: a) 'a mail \Ipouch\j\b\i'; b) a 'a tobacco \Ipouch\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a loose or sagging fold of skin under the eye.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a pocket-like part of an animal, especially one used to carry the young of a marsupial.
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\Hpouffe\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i roof \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, thick cushion used as a seat.
\CX12.\j\b\i a high, puffed hairstyle.
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\Hpoulterer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-ta-ra \Pnoun\p a person who sells poultry.
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\Hpoultice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a soft, warm, moist dressing, applied to sores or inflamed parts of the body for relief. \Bpoultice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply a poultice to.
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\Hpoultry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pole\j\b\i-tree \Pnoun\p any or all domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, etc.
#
\Hpounce\h
\Pverb\p to spring at or seize suddenly: 'the cat \Ipounced\j\b\i on the trembling mouse'. \Bpounce\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sudden spring or swoop.
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\Hpound (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to beat or strike heavily and repeatedly: 'he \Ipounded\j\b\i desperately on the door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to crush: '\Ipound\j\b\i the nuts with a hammer'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they \Ipounded\j\b\i grammar into her at an early age' (= forced).
b) 'they \Ipounded\j\b\i down the corridor to the front door' (= ran heavily or noisily). \Bpound\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a heavy blow or thump.
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\Hpound (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a unit of mass in the avoirdupois system, equal to about 0.454 kg. b) a unit of mass in the apothecaries' and troy systems, equal to about 0.373 kg.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the basic unit of money in Britain and Ireland, originally equal to 20 shillings or 240 pence, but now equal to 100 pence. b) the basic unit of money in various countries in the Middle East, e.g. Egypt, Lebanon and Syria. \Bpoundage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rate, cost, etc. calculated per pound.
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\Hpound (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where stray animals are confined.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where confiscated goods are kept.
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\Hpoundal\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of force equal to about 0.138 newton.
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\Hpour\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i door \Pverb\p a) to cause to flow or stream: '\Ipour\j\b\i that milk into a cup'. b) to flow strongly: 'the flooding river \Ipoured\j\b\i over its banks'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it is \Ipouring\j\b\i outside so take your coat' (= raining heavily). \Bpour\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpout\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pverb\p to push out the lips in a disappointed or sullen expression. \Bpout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpoverty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1povv\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of having little or no money or resources except for the most basic needs. b) the state of voluntarily giving up personal possessions and income, as in certain religious orders.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there has been a \Ipoverty\j\b\i of honest politicians in this century' (= shortage, lack).
b) 'the \Ipoverty\j\b\i of the parched soil made the land worthless' (= infertility, unproductiveness).
#
\Hpoverty-stricken\h
\Padjective\p extremely poor.
#
\Hpowder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) very fine particles of a substance which has been crushed, ground, etc. b) any of various substances prepared in this form: 'talcum \Ipowder\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i gunpowder.
\Bpowder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to crush or reduce to powder. b) to apply or cover with powder: 'the actress \Ipowdered\j\b\i her cheeks'. \Bpowdery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or covered with powder. Latin \Ipulvis\j\b\i dust
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\Hpowder blue\h
a pale, greyish-blue colour.
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\Hpowder magazine\h
a storage place for gunpowder and ammunition.
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\Hpowder monkey\h
an old term for a ship's boy who took gunpowder to the guns.
#
\Hpowder puff\h
a soft pad of cottonwool or fabric for putting powder on the face or body.
#
\Hpowder room\h
a women's cloakroom and toilet in a restaurant or other public building.
#
\Hpower\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to act or do: a) 'most birds have the \Ipower\j\b\i of flight'; b) 'I'll do all in my \Ipower\j\b\i to help'.
\CX12.\j\b\i great force, might or superiority: 'she seeks political \Ipower\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'which political party is in \Ipower\j\b\i?' (= government).
b) 'the \Ipowers\j\b\i of the world have made a treaty' (= countries with great power).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that sleep did me a \Ipower\j\b\i of good' (= great amount).
\CX13.\j\b\i energy available for doing work, such as that supplied by machinery as distinct from humans or animals.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of work done in a given time.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jexponent\j\b\i.
\Bthe powers that be\j\b\i, those in the positions of power.
\Bpower\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to provide with the means of operation or activity: 'the machines are all \Ipowered\j\b\i by electricity'.
\Bpowerful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having, producing or exerting power: a) 'he is a \Ipowerful\j\b\i squash player'; b) 'a \Ipowerful\j\b\i drink'. \Bpowerfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpowerfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpowerboat\h
\Pnoun\p a fast motor boat which moves on the surface of the water rather than through it.
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\Hpower of attorney\h
See \Jattorney\j\b\i.
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\Hpower station\h
also called a \Bpowerhouse\j\b\i
a place where electrical power is generated.
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\Hpowwow\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any meeting or conference, originally a ceremony among Native Americans.
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\Hpox\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i See \Jpock\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) syphilis.
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\Hpracticable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prak\j\b\i-tikka-b'l \Padjective\p a) able to be done or put into practice: 'think of a \Ipracticable\j\b\i plan'. b) able to be used: 'the mountain track is not \Ipracticable\j\b\i in winter'. \Bpracticably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpracticability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prak-tikka-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpracticable, practical\j\b\i have closely related but distinct meanings. \IPractical\j\b\i is the more common word. It relates to things that can be done and are useful or worth doing: 'lowering the handlebars is a \Ipractical\j\b\i way to help increase a bike's speed'. \IPracticable\j\b\i relates to things that can be done regardless of whether they are useful or worthwhile: 'putting a person on Mars may be \Ipracticable\j\b\i by the year 2020'.
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\Hpractical\h
\Padjective\p relating to or resulting from practice, action or use: a) 'does your invention have any \Ipractical\j\b\i value?'; b) 'do you have any \Ipractical\j\b\i experience in this field?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's a very \Ipractical\j\b\i man' (= active in a useful manner).
b) 'it's a \Ipractical\j\b\i certainty he'll win the race' (= virtual). \Bpractically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a practical manner, b) nearly or almost; \Bpracticality\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jpracticable\j\b\i.
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\Hpractice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prak\j\b\itis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i action or performance: 'how will your plan turn out in \Ipractice\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i repeated effort or experience to improve a skill: 'it takes years of \Ipractice\j\b\i to play golf well'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the usual or customary way in which something is done: 'it is the \Ipractice\j\b\i in this country to marry young'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the business of a professional person: 'the lawyers opened their \Ipractice\j\b\i in town'.
\Bout of practice\j\b\i, below one's usual form from lack of recent practice. \Bpractice, practise\j\b\i. Remember that \Ipractice\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'football \Ipractice\j\b\i', 'playing the cello takes a lot of \Ipractice\j\b\i'; whereas \Ipractise\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p: 'to \Ipractise\j\b\i law', 'I like to \Ipractise\j\b\i the piano for two hours a day'.
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\Hpractise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prak\j\b\itis \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a habit of: 'he tries to \Ipractise\j\b\i being truthful at all times'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to apply in action: '\Ipractise\j\b\i what you preach'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to work at repeatedly to improve a skill: '\Ipractise\j\b\i the piano and you'll quickly improve'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to conduct or exercise a profession, etc.: 'the doctor \Ipractises\j\b\i medicine at the clinic'. \Bpractised\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, experienced or skilful. See \Jpractice\j\b\i.
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\Hpractitioner\h
\Isay\j\b\i prak-\CX1tish\j\b\iena \Pnoun\p a person who practises a profession: 'a doctor is a medical \Ipractitioner\j\b\i'.
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\Hpragmatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i prag-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p matter-of-fact, concerned with practical ideas and results: 'she is too \Ipragmatic\j\b\i to daydream'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that the truth or merit of an idea should be judged by its practical results. \Bpragmatist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pragmatic person; \Bpragmatical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, meddlesome or opinionated; \Bpragmatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprairie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prair\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p See \Jsteppe\j\b\i.
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\Hprairie dog\h
a short-tailed, short-legged, burrowing squirrel, found in the open plains of North America.
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\Hpraise\h
\Isay\j\b\i praze \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to express approval or admiration of: 'the critics \Ipraised\j\b\i the new film for its subtlety'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to worship: '\Ipraise\j\b\i God'.
\Bpraise\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) admiration or approval which is offered or expressed. b) worship. \Bpraiseworthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, admirable.
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\Hpram\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bperambulator\j\b\i
a small vehicle, usually with four wheels and pushed from behind, for carrying a baby.
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\Hprance\h
\Pverb\p to walk or move with a springing or bounding movement. \Bprance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprancingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprang\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a collision, especially a minor car crash. \Bprang\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprank\h
\Pnoun\p a playful trick. \Bprankster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays pranks.
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\Hpraseodymium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pray-zee-o-\CX1dimm\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 59, a metal used to give glass a greenish-yellow colour. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hprate\h
\Pverb\p to talk long and foolishly. \Bpratingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprattle\h
\Pverb\p to talk quickly or chatter childishly. \Bprattle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, childish talk.
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\Hprawn\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of shrimp-like, aquatic animals, some of which are edible. \Bprawn\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to catch or fish for prawns.
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\Hpray\h
\Pverb\p to address a god or saint as an act of worship or entreaty: 'he \Iprayed\j\b\i for a miracle'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Ipray\j\b\i you to leave me alone' (= earnestly ask).
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\Hprayer\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hair \Pnoun\p a) the act of praying: 'she closed her eyes in \Iprayer\j\b\i'. b) an address to a god or saint: 'He said a \Iprayer\j\b\i of thanks'. c) a set of words used for praying, such as the Lord's Prayer. Latin \Iprecari\j\b\i to entreat
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\Hpraying mantis\h
any of a group of large predatory insects which hold their forelegs together as if in prayer.
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\Hpre-\h
a prefix meaning before, as in \Iprewar\j\b\i. Latin \Iprae\j\b\i
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\Hpreach\h
\Pverb\p a) to deliver a sermon. b) to teach or proclaim in support of an action or idea: 'she \Ipreaches\j\b\i moderation as a way of life'.
\Bpreacher\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who preaches, especially a Christian minister.
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\Hpreamble\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1am\j\b\i-b'l \Pnoun\p any introductory statement, especially at the beginning of a book or document. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Iambulare\j\b\i to walk
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\Hpreamplifier\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1amp\j\b\ili-fire \Pnoun\p \IElectronics:\j\b\i an amplifier which strengthens weak signals.
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\Hprearrange\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-a-\CX1range\j\b\i \Pverb\p to arrange beforehand. \Bprearrangement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HPre-Cambrian\h
\Pnoun\p a geological period which ended about 570 million years ago. \BPre-Cambrian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprecarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1kair\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p uncertain, insecure or unsafe: 'he had a \Iprecarious\j\b\i balance on top of the ladder'. \Bprecariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprecariousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprecast\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1kahst\j\b\i \Padjective\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i (of concrete parts) shaped or constructed before being placed in position. \Bprecast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprecaution\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1kaw\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p care taken in advance to guard against something undesirable: 'lock the house as a \Iprecaution\j\b\i against thieves'. \Bprecautionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprecede\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to come or go before: 'spring \Iprecedes\j\b\i summer'.
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\Hprecedence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\isi-d'nce \Ior\j\b\i \CX1press\j\b\ii-d'nce \Pnoun\p the right to precede or go first: 'you will have to wait because I have \Iprecedence\j\b\i'.
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\Hprecedent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\isi-d'nt \Ior\j\b\i \CX1press\j\b\ii-d'nt \Pnoun\p a case or action which serves as a guide or justification in later cases: 'if I don't punish you it will set a \Iprecedent\j\b\i and others will expect to be let off too'.
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\Hprecept\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-sept \Pnoun\p a moral instruction or rule of action: 'the \Iprecept\j\b\i not to kill is common to most religions'. \Bpreceptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprecinct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-sinkt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the area immediately around any place, such as the grounds of a church or the environs of a town.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an administrative district within a city: 'a police \Iprecinct\j\b\i'. b) an area restricted for a particular group or activity: 'a pedestrian \Iprecinct\j\b\i'. Latin \Ipraecinctum\j\b\i an enclosure
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\Hprecious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1presh\j\b\ius \Padjective\p extremely valuable: 'a diamond is a \Iprecious\j\b\i stone'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't like his \Iprecious\j\b\i style of writing' (= overrefined).
\Bprecious\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) very: 'you have \Iprecious\j\b\i little sense'. \Bpreciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpreciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpreciosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i preshi-\CX1oss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, overrefinement. Latin \Ipretium\j\b\i price
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\Hprecipice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1press\j\b\ii-piss \Pnoun\p a very steep edge of a cliff. Latin \Ipraeceps\j\b\i headlong
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1sipp\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make something happen more quickly: 'swearing at the boss \Iprecipitated\j\b\i your dismissal'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the border clash \Iprecipitated\j\b\i the two countries into war' (= threw, flung).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of water-vapour) to condense and fall as rain, hail, dew, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to separate a solid from a solution.
extremely fast or sudden: 'moving with \Iprecipitate\j\b\i speed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'are you sure your decision is not too \Iprecipitate?\j\b\i' (= rash, overhasty).
\Bprecipitate\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i an insoluble substance formed from a solution as a result of a chemical reaction. \Bprecipitately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprecipitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-sippi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of precipitating. b) the state of being precipitated: 'think carefully and act without \Iprecipitation\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a) any condensed moisture, such as rain or dew. b) the total amount of rain, snow, sleet and hail which falls at a location during a given period.
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\Hprecipitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1sipp\j\b\iitus \Padjective\p extremely steep like a precipice. \Bprecipitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprecis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pray\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p prΘcis plural is \Bprecis\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pray\j\b\i-seez)
a summary. \Bprecis\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprecise\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1sice\j\b\i \Padjective\p accurate: 'give me \Iprecise\j\b\i directions how to get there'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I can't stand his \Iprecise\j\b\i ways' (= finicky).
b) 'at that \Iprecise\j\b\i moment, the siren blew' (= exact). \Bprecisely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprecision\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p accuracy: 'she remembered the details with \Iprecision\j\b\i'.
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\Hpreclude\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1klood\j\b\i \Pverb\p (of a previous action, etc.) to exclude or make impossible as a consequence: 'the suicide note \Iprecluded\j\b\i the possibility of murder'. \Bpreclusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpreclusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpreclusion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Iclaudere\j\b\i to shut
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\Hprecocious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1ko\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p developed very early, especially in relation to others of the same age. \Bprecociously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprecociousness\j\b\i, \Bprecocity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1koss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hpreconceive\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-kon-\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to form ideas or opinions about something or someone in advance. \Bpreconception\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pree-kon-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a preconceived idea or opinion.
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\Hprecondition\h
\Pnoun\p a condition or requirement that must be fulfilled before a certain result is obtained.
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\Hprecursor\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1ker\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a person or thing that precedes: 'this law is a \Iprecursor\j\b\i of many more reforms'. \Bprecursory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, preceding or introductory. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Icurrere\j\b\i to run
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\Hpredate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-date \Pverb\p a) to date with an earlier date: 'to \Ipredate\j\b\i a cheque'. b) to precede in time: 'this civilisation \Ipredates\j\b\i that one'.
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\Hpredator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1predd\j\b\ia-ta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any animal which lives by feeding on other animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that lives by plundering or preying on others.
\Bpredatory\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or like a predator. Latin \Ipraeda\j\b\i booty, plunder
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\Hpredecease\h
\Isay\j\b\i preeda-\CX1seece\j\b\i \Pverb\p to die before: 'most parents \Ipredecease\j\b\i their children'.
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\Hpredecessor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\ida-sessa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a previous holder of a position: 'my \Ipredecessor\j\b\i retired after 40 years in office'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person or thing that precedes, such as an ancestor.
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\Hpredestination\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-desti-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a belief that the act of God decides the outcome of all events or actions before they occur, including whether a person is to go to heaven or hell.
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\Hpredestine\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1dest\j\b\iin \Pverb\p to ordain or decree beforehand: 'the plan was \Ipredestined\j\b\i to succeed'.
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\Hpredetermine\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-dee-\CX1ter\j\b\imin \Pverb\p to decide beforehand: 'we followed a \Ipredetermined\j\b\i plan'. \Bpredetermination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpredicament\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1dikk\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p a difficult or unpleasant situation.
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\Hpredicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1predd\j\b\ii-kit \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a group of words in a sentence telling something about the subject. \IExample:\j\b\i the girl \Iwore a red hat\j\b\i.
a) the act of predicting. b) an instance of this: 'her \Iprediction\j\b\i of rain was correct'. \Bpredictable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpredictability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpredilection\h
\Isay\j\b\i preedi-\CX1lek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a preference or liking.
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\Hpredispose\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give a previous tendency to.
\CX12.\j\b\i to render subject or liable: 'old age \Ipredisposed\j\b\i her to illness'. \Bpredisposition\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpredominate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1domm\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p to be strongest in power or influence: 'the desire for revenge \Ipredominated\j\b\i as a motive for murder'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the old laws have \Ipredominated\j\b\i for too long' (= prevailed).
\Bpredominant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having most power or influence: 'what is your \Ipredominant\j\b\i interest?'. \Bpredominantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpredominance\j\b\i, \Bpredomination\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hpre-eminent\h
\Padjective\p most distinguished or superior: 'the professor is the \Ipre-eminent\j\b\i scholar of the decade'. \Bpre-eminently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpre-eminence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ieminere\j\b\i to stand out
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\Hpre-empt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to buy, obtain or do something before others have the chance.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to make a bid in bridge high enough to prevent the opposition bidding. \Bpre-emptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, intended to pre-empt; \Bpre-emption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or right of pre-empting.
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\Hpreen\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) (of a bird) to smooth the feathers with a beak. b) (of a person) to arrange the hair or clothes with great care and attention.
\CX12.\j\b\i to congratulate oneself.
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\Hpre-exist\h
\Pverb\p a) to exist beforehand. b) to exist in a previous life or form. \Bpre-existent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpre-existence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprefab\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-fab \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small building made of standardised, pre-fabricated sections, used for temporary accommodation, etc. short form of \Iprefabricated\j\b\i building
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\Hprefabricate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1fab\j\b\iri-kate \Pverb\p to build parts in a factory so that they may be assembled elsewhere. \Bprefabrication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpreface\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1preff\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a) any explanatory notes by the author at the beginning of a book, giving details such as the origin, scope and reason for the book. Compare \Jforeword\j\b\i. b) any introduction, e.g. to a speech.
\Bpreface\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to introduce with a preface. \Bprefatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1preff\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a preface.
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\Hprefect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-fekt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a senior pupil with authority to help keep order in a school.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person appointed to supervise or govern, such as a provincial governor in ancient Rome or a district administrator in modern France.
\Bprefecture\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the office or term of office of a prefect. b) an administrative area in France, Japan, etc.
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\Hprefer\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpreferred\j\b\i, \Bpreferring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to like better: 'do you \Iprefer\j\b\i tea or coffee?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put forward or submit: 'to \Iprefer\j\b\i a legal charge'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to appoint or promote: 'he has been \Ipreferred\j\b\i to the position of archbishop'.
better or more desirable: 'I find tea \Ipreferable\j\b\i to coffee'. \Bpreferably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpreferability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraeferre\j\b\i to carry or place before
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\Hpreference\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pref\j\b\i-r'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of preferring: 'I stated my \Ipreference\j\b\i for tea'. b) something which is preferred: 'my \Ipreference\j\b\i was tea'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an advantage or favour, such as granted by one country to another in trade.
showing or giving preference: 'I received \Ipreferential\j\b\i treatment from the boss after marrying his daughter'.
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\Hpreference shares\h
\ICommerce:\j\b\i the shares in a company on which dividends are paid before ordinary shares.
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\Hpreferential voting\h
a system of voting where the voter indicates the order of his or her preference for each candidate on the ballot paper.
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\Hpreferment\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1fer\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p appointment or promotion: 'his \Ipreferment\j\b\i to archbishop took 10 years'.
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\Hprefix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1preff\j\b\iiks \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jaffix\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraefixus\j\b\i fixed in front
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\Hpregnant\h
\Padjective\p having a foetus in the womb.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has a \Ipregnant\j\b\i imagination' (= full, abundant).
b) 'a \Ipregnant\j\b\i pause' (= significant, full of meaning). \Bpregnancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being pregnant. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ignasci\j\b\i to be born
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\Hprehensile\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1hen\j\b\isile \Padjective\p adapted for grasping or holding: 'a monkey clings to branches with its \Iprehensile\j\b\i tail'.
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\Hprehistoric\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-his\CX1torr\j\b\iik \Padjective\p before recorded history.
\Bprehistory\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the history of the human race before events were recorded.
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\Hpre-ignition\h
\Pnoun\p the igniting of fuel in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine before the mixture of fuel and air is completely compressed.
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\Hprejudge\h
\Pverb\p to form an opinion before hearing all the evidence. \Bprejudgement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprejudice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prej\j\b\ioo-dis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an opinion formed without reason, knowledge or experience: 'though he has never met one, he has a \Iprejudice\j\b\i against Australians'.
\CX12.\j\b\i harm or injury that may result from an action: 'the prisoner was treated without \Iprejudice\j\b\i to his rights'.
\Bprejudice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to affect with a prejudice: 'her actions \Iprejudiced\j\b\i me in her favour'. b) to affect unfavourably: 'to \Iprejudice\j\b\i an issue'. \Bprejudicial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prejoo-\CX1dish\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing prejudice or disadvantage.
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\Hprelate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prell\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a high-ranking member of the clergy, such as a bishop or archbishop. \Bprelacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the system of church government by prelates, b) prelates considered as a group.
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\Hpreliminary\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1limm\j\b\iin-ree \Padjective\p introductory or preparatory: 'first I shall make a \Ipreliminary\j\b\i statement'.
\Bpreliminary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
anything which is preliminary.
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\Hpreliterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1litt\j\b\ia-rit \Padjective\p relating to societies or cultures that have not left written records.
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\Hprelude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prel\j\b\i-yood \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which introduces or prepares for a later, more important event.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) an introductory piece, such as an overture. b) a short piece of music for a keyboard instrument. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Iludere\j\b\i to play
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\Hpremature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1premm\j\b\ia-cher \Padjective\p occurring before the proper or usual time: 'a \Ipremature\j\b\i baby'. \Bprematurely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpremeditate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1medd\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to consider or plan beforehand: 'the jury found that the killing was not \Ipremeditated\j\b\i'. \Bpremeditation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpremier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1premm\j\b\iia \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p the leader of a government, such as in one of the Australian States.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my team was \Ipremier\j\b\i last year' (= champion, winning team).
\Bpremier\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
chief or most important: 'mum holds the \Ipremier\j\b\i position in our family'. \Bpremiership\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the position or term of office of a premier. French, first
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\Hpremiere\h
\Isay\j\b\i premmi-\CX1air\j\b\i \Pnoun\p premiΦre the first public performance of a play, film, etc.
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\Hpremise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1premm\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a building and its grounds: 'be off the school \Ipremises\j\b\i by 6 o'clock'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a proposition or assumption which is used as the basis for an argument or a conclusion. \Bpremise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make an introductory statement, b) to assume. Old French \Ipremisse\j\b\i the aforesaid (buildings, syllogism)
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\Hpremium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\imi-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of money paid for an insurance policy, loan, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bonus or extra amount, such as the amount by which shares are selling above their established value.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he places a \Ipremium\j\b\i on careful driving' (= high value).
\Bat a premium\j\b\i, a) at a high price. b) in high demand. Latin \Ipraemium\j\b\i booty, reward
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\Hpremolar\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1mo\j\b\i-la \Pnoun\p See \Jbicuspid\j\b\i.
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\Hpremonition\h
\Isay\j\b\i premma-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a feeling that something, usually unpleasant, is about to occur. \Bpremonitory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1monn\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Imonere\j\b\i to advise
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\Hprenatal\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1nay\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p relating to the time before birth.
a) the act of preparing: '\Ipreparations\j\b\i were under way'. b) the state of being prepared: 'all was in \Ipreparation\j\b\i'. c) something which is prepared: 'the chemist mixed a \Ipreparation\j\b\i'.
introductory or serving to prepare: '\Ipreparatory\j\b\i arrangements were made for the visit'. \Bpreparedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpreparedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, readiness.
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\Hprepay\h
\Pverb\p (\Bprepaid\j\b\i, \Bprepaying\j\b\i)
to pay in advance: 'the cost of the telegram has been \Iprepaid\j\b\i'. \Bprepayment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpreponderance\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1pon\j\b\ida-r'nce \Pnoun\p superiority of size, numbers, power, etc.: 'in our class there is a \Ipreponderance\j\b\i of girls'.
to be greater in number, power, etc.: 'girls \Ipreponderate\j\b\i over boys in our class'. \Bpreponderant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpreponderantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraeponderare\j\b\i to outweigh
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\Hpreposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i preppa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a word which indicates the relation of a \Pnoun\p or \Ppronoun\p to another word, e.g. to indicate position, manner, etc. \IExample:\j\b\i he placed the book \Ion\j\b\i the table.
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\Hprepossess\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to preoccupy to the exclusion of other beliefs, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to impress or influence beforehand or at once, especially favourably. \Bprepossession\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a preconceived opinion, b) a preoccupation with an idea, opinion, etc.
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\Hpreposterous\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1pos\j\b\ita-rus \Padjective\p totally unreasonable or absurd. \Bpreposterously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpreposterousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraeposterus\j\b\i inverted
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\Hprep school\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a preparatory school.
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\Hprepuce\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-pewce \Pnoun\p See \Jforeskin\j\b\i.
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\Hprerequisite\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1rek\j\b\iwi-zit \Pnoun\p something that is required as a prior qualification or condition. \Bprerequisite\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprerogative\h
\Isay\j\b\i prer-\CX1rogg\j\b\ia-tiv \Pnoun\p a special right or privilege, especially of a ruler or leader. Latin \Ipraerogativa\j\b\i the right of voting first
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\Hpresage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1press\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a) a premonition. b) an omen or warning. c) a prediction. \Bpresage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to have or serve as a presage, b) to predict.
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\Hpresbyter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prez\j\b\ibi-ter \Pnoun\p a) (in Episcopal Churches) a priest. b) an elected lay official or church elder.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i the home of a priest.
\CX13.\j\b\i the part of a church set aside for the clergy and in which the altar stands.
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\HPresbyterianism\h
\Isay\j\b\i prezbi-\CX1teer\j\b\iian-izm \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a form of church government based on representative groups of ministers and elders. b) the beliefs of Churches which are governed in this way. \BPresbyterian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of such a Church.
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\Hpreschool\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1skool\j\b\i \Padjective\p relating to the time before a child starts school.
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\Hprescience\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1press\j\b\ii-ence \Pnoun\p foresight or a knowledge of something before it occurs. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Isciens\j\b\i knowing
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\Hprescribe\h
\Pverb\p to order or recommend: a) 'I don't \Iprescribe\j\b\i any particular method'; b) 'she \Iprescribed\j\b\i several months rest'. \Bprescriber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprescript\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rule or order; \Bprescriptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) giving orders or directions, b) (Law) based on or acquired by long use. do not confuse with \Bproscribe\j\b\i.
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\Hprescription\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of prescribing. b) something which is prescribed, such as a written instruction from a doctor or specialist for the preparation of a particular medicine or other remedy.
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\Hpreselection\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-sil\CX1lek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of choosing beforehand, such as choosing a candidate to represent a political party in an election. \Bpreselect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpresence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prezz\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being in or at a particular place: 'the \Ipresence\j\b\i of strangers limited our chatter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i immediate vicinity: 'do not laugh in his \Ipresence\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person, especially a dignified one.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her graceful height gives her a distinctive \Ipresence\j\b\i' (= appearance, air).
b) 'the spiritualists were aware of a \Ipresence\j\b\i in the room with them' (= supernatural or spiritual being).
\Bpresence of mind\j\b\i, the ability to be alert, calm and efficient, especially in a crisis.
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\Hpresent (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prezz\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being or occurring here or now: 'the \Ipresent\j\b\i time'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being in the place referred to: 'were you \Ipresent\j\b\i at the meeting?'.
\Bpresent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the present time.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jtense (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hpresent (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prezz\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p something which is given freely, as a token of friendship, affection, etc.
a) the act of presenting: 'the \Ipresentation\j\b\i of prizes is scheduled for tomorrow'. b) something which is given, such as a present or award. \Bpresentable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1zen\j\b\ita-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be given or displayed, b) fit to be seen or introduced; \Bpresentably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpresent-day\h
\Padjective\p occurring or existing now.
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\Hpresenter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who presents or comperes a radio or television show.
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\Hpresentiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1zen\j\b\iti-m'nt \Pnoun\p a premonition. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Isentire\j\b\i to perceive
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\Hpresently\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i soon.
\CX12.\j\b\i at the present time.
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\Hpresent participle\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jparticiple\j\b\i.
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\Hpreservative\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1zer\j\b\iva-tiv \Pnoun\p a chemical agent added to foods, etc. to make them keep longer.
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\Hpreserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1zerv\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to keep whole, safe or in existence: 'he found it difficult to \Ipreserve\j\b\i his dignity in such a ridiculous situation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prepare food, etc. so that it will not decay or perish.
\Bpreserve\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is preserved, especially fruit cooked with sugar, as in jam.
\CX12.\j\b\i an area or place in which wildlife, etc. is bred or kept for hunting or similar purposes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'lexicography is the \Ipreserve\j\b\i of eccentrics' (= thing reserved for).
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\Hpreside\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1zide\j\b\i \Pverb\p to control, direct or have authority over: 'the Speaker \Ipresides\j\b\i over meetings in Parliament'.
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\Hpresident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prezz\j\b\ii-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person chosen or elected to preside over a group, meeting, etc.: 'the \Ipresident\j\b\i of a company'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) the elected leader of a republic, e.g. as in France or the United States of America. \Bpresidential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prezzi-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpresidency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office or term of a president.
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\Hpress (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to apply or put steady weight or force on: 'she \Ipressed\j\b\i the doorbell impatiently'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce by pressing: 'to \Ipress\j\b\i the metal fitting'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make flat by applying weight: 'to \Ipress\j\b\i flowers'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Ipressed\j\b\i my hand' (= clasped).
b) 'we \Ipressed\j\b\i on with the boring task' (= continued).
c) 'they \Ipressed\j\b\i for wage rises' (= urged, insisted).
d) 'I must \Ipress\j\b\i my shirt' (= iron).
\Bpressed for\j\b\i, 'we cannot stay as we are very \Ipressed for\j\b\i time' (= short of).
\Bpress\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) newspapers, magazines and other printed publications. b) people who write for such publications.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various machines or devices which press, squeeze, etc.: 'a garlic \Ipress\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various machines for printing on paper.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a business engaged in printing and publishing books, etc. b) a place where printing is carried out.
\CX15.\j\b\i the act of pressing: 'he gave her hand a quick \Ipress\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a pressing or crowding together: 'she became caught in the \Ipress\j\b\i of tourists'.
\CX17.\j\b\i a cupboard for storing books, clothes, etc. Latin \Ipressus\j\b\i squeezed
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\Hpress (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) to force into service, especially in the navy, etc.
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\Hpress agent\h
a person employed to organise advertising and publicity for a person, group or business.
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\Hpress conference\h
a meeting at which information is given to journalists by a politician or celebrity.
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\Hpress-cutting\h
\Pnoun\p an item cut out of a newspaper or magazine.
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\Hpress-gang\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a group of men appointed to seize or force other men to join the army, navy, etc.
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\Hpressing\h
\Padjective\p urgent: 'a \Ipressing\j\b\i need to sneeze'.
\Bpressing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of applying pressure.
\CX12.\j\b\i a gramophone record. \Bpressingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpress release\h
a statement or announcement given to the press for publication.
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\Hpress-stud\h
\Pnoun\p a small metal fastener used on clothing, consisting of two parts pressed together.
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\Hpress-up\h
\Pnoun\p an exercise in which a person lies face down on the floor and keeps the body rigid while raising it to the full extent of the arms and then lowering it.
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\Hpressure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1presh\j\b\ier \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of applying weight or force. b) the amount of force acting on a given area.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ipressures\j\b\i of work were exhausting' (= demands).
b) '\Ipressure\j\b\i was used to have the decision changed' (= influence).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jatmospheric pressure\j\b\i. \Bpressure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to use influence or force on.
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\Hpressure cooker\h
a strong, metal pot in which food may be rapidly cooked in steam, at above normal boiling temperature.
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\Hpressure group\h
a group or organisation which tries to influence others in order to promote its own interests or aims.
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\Hpressurise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1presh\j\b\ia-rize \Pverb\p pressurize \CX11.\j\b\i to maintain the normal air-pressure in an enclosed space, especially in an aeroplane.
\CX12.\j\b\i to compress a gas or liquid to a greater than normal pressure. \Bpressurisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprestidigitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i presti-diji-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p sleight of hand. Latin \Ipraesto\j\b\i ready + \Idigitus\j\b\i finger
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\Hprestige\h
\Isay\j\b\i press-\CX1tee\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i importance, influence or good reputation gained through achievement, success or position.
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) cheating or deceptive.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or producing prestige. Latin \Ipraestigiae\j\b\i an illusion, from \Ipraestringere\j\b\i to dull the sight, to dazzle
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\Hpresto\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i suddenly or immediately.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i fast.
\Bhey presto!\j\b\i an exclamation used by a conjurer meaning behold! Italian
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\Hprestress\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1stress\j\b\i \Pverb\p to introduce internal stresses in order to counteract stresses resulting from applied loads, e.g. by incorporating cables under tension into concrete.
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1zew\j\b\im \Pverb\p to assume to be true in the absence of proof to the contrary: 'I \Ipresume\j\b\i that this is your mother'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I would not \Ipresume\j\b\i to contradict you' (= dare, take the liberty).
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\Hpresumption\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1zump\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of presuming.
\CX12.\j\b\i supposition or strong probability.
\CX13.\j\b\i a daring or offensive boldness. \Bpresumptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, based on presumption; \Bpresumptuous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, offensively bold.
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\Hpresuppose\h
\Pverb\p to assume or suppose beforehand. \Bpresupposition\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpretence\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bpretense\j\b\i
a) the act of pretending or acting falsely. b) a false or deceptive display or expression: 'his \Ipretence\j\b\i of anger was not very convincing'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I make no \Ipretence\j\b\i to cleverness' (= claim).
\Bfalse pretences\j\b\i, See \Jfalse\j\b\i.
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\Hpretend\h
\Pverb\p to play a part or act in order to deceive: 'I'm sure she's only \Ipretending\j\b\i to be sick'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I cannot \Ipretend\j\b\i to give an estimate' (= dare, undertake).
b) 'she \Ipretends\j\b\i to great knowledge of wine' (= claims).
c) 'let's \Ipretend\j\b\i we're rich' (= make believe).
\Bpretender\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who pretends.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person claiming rights to be a monarch. Latin \Ipraetendere\j\b\i to tender (an excuse or pretext)
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\Hpretension\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a claim.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a false or exaggerated opinion, assumption or estimate: 'I have no \Ipretensions\j\b\i about being clever'.
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\Hpretentious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1ten\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showy or ostentatious: 'I'd be embarrassed to ride in such a \Ipretentious\j\b\i car'.
\CX12.\j\b\i making claims, especially when false or exaggerated. \Bpretentiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpretentiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpreterite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prett\j\b\ia-rit \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a) the tense of a \Pverb\p that expresses past time. b) a \Pverb\p in this tense.
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\Hpreternatural\h
\Isay\j\b\i preeta-\CX1natch\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not normal or usual.
\CX12.\j\b\i supernatural.
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\Hpretext\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-tekst \Pnoun\p a false reason or purpose given: 'they called in to borrow money on the \Ipretext\j\b\i of borrowing a book'. Latin \Ipraetextus\j\b\i woven before, alleged as excuse
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\Hpretty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pritt\j\b\iee \Padjective\p delicately pleasing: 'a \Ipretty\j\b\i design'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it will cost a \Ipretty\j\b\i sum to repair the damage' (= considerable, large).
\Bpretty\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) reasonably or moderately: 'she paints \Ipretty\j\b\i well for a beginner'.
\Bsitting pretty\j\b\i, See \Jsit\j\b\i. \Bpretty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pretty person; \Bprettily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a charming or pretty manner; \Bprettiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprettify\j\b\i (\Bprettified\j\b\i, \Bprettifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bpretty\j\b\i is an example of a word whose meaning has moved far from its origins. It derives from Old English \Ipraetig\j\b\i (clever, wily), which came from Old English \Ipraett\j\b\i (a trick or wile). From this it came to mean clever in a positive sense, then cleverly made, and then beautiful.
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\Hpretzel\h
\Pnoun\p a small, crisp, salted biscuit in the form of a knot or stick.
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\Hprevail\h
\Pverb\p to triumph or succeed: 'sense \Iprevailed\j\b\i and the trees were saved'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Iprevailed\j\b\i upon him to change his mind' (= used persuasion or influence successfully).
b) 'with light rains \Iprevailing\j\b\i in the afternoon' (= being widespread or predominant).
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\Hprevalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prevv\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p widespread or common: 'what is the \Iprevalent\j\b\i fashion?'. \Bprevalence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprevalently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprevaricate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pre-\CX1varr\j\b\ii-kate \Pverb\p to speak or act evasively. \Bprevaricator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prevaricates; \Bprevarication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraevaricari\j\b\i to walk crookedly
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\Hprevent\h
\Pverb\p to stop or keep from taking place: 'it was difficult to \Iprevent\j\b\i a fight'. \Bprevention\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpreventive\j\b\i, \Bpreventative\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, serving to prevent; \Bpreventive\j\b\i, \Bpreventative\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, something which prevents, such as a drug used to prevent disease. \Bpre-\j\b\i + Latin \Iventus\j\b\i come
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\Hpreview\h
\Pnoun\p a viewing beforehand, especially of a film, etc. before it is released to the public. \Bpreview\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to show or be shown beforehand.
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\Hprevious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\ivi-us \Padjective\p earlier or former: 'I think we were introduced on a \Iprevious\j\b\i occasion'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his judgement was shown to be a bit \Iprevious\j\b\i' (= too hasty, premature). \Bpreviously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ipraevius\j\b\i going before
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\Hprevision\h
\Isay\j\b\i pree-\CX1vi\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p prescience or foresight.
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\Hprewar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pree\j\b\i-war \Padjective\p before a war, especially World War 2.
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\Hprey\h
\Isay\j\b\i pray \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any animal killed by another animal for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i any victim: 'tourists were the unsuspecting \Iprey\j\b\i of local shopkeepers'. \Bprey\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to hunt for prey, b) to have a troublesome or destructive effect. Latin \Ipraeda\j\b\i plunder
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\Hprice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of money, etc. for which something is bought, sold or acquired.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which occurs as a necessary part of something else: 'misery is the \Iprice\j\b\i of war'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what is the \Iprice\j\b\i for the hijacker's capture?' (= reward offered).
b) 'the bookmakers are offering a high \Iprice\j\b\i on that horse' (= betting odds).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat a price\j\b\i, 'she won his confidence but \Iat a price\j\b\i' (= at a high cost to herself).
\Bat any price\j\b\i, 'I will not go \Iat any price\j\b\i' (= no matter what). \Bprice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to fix the price of, b) to find out the price of; \Bpriceless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) beyond value, b) extremely funny or absurd; \Bpricey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) expensive.
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\Hprick\h
\Pverb\p to make a small hole or mark with a sharp point.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her conscience was \Ipricked\j\b\i so she let the wet child come indoors' (= stirred).
b) 'he \Ipricked\j\b\i his horse into a gallop' (= urged, by using spurs).
\Bprick up one's ears\j\b\i, a) to raise the ears; b) to listen attentively.
\Bprick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of pricking. b) the pain or sensation caused by pricking: 'he felt a sharp \Iprick\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hole or mark made by pricking.
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\Hprickle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small sharp point or thorn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pricking or sharp tingling sensation.
\Bprickle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause or have a sharp tingling sensation. \Bprickly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) covered with prickles, b) having a pricking sensation, c) easily angered or upset.
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\Hprickly pear\h
a cactus with pear-shaped, usually prickly, edible fruit.
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\Hpride\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction due to something one owns, has done, achieved, etc.: 'she felt great \Ipride\j\b\i on receiving the award'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which causes such a feeling: 'that child is our \Ipride\j\b\i and joy'.
\CX13.\j\b\i conceit or an exaggerated opinion of oneself: 'his \Ipride\j\b\i and arrogance lost him many friends'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the best or most thriving condition: 'in the \Ipride\j\b\i of her youth'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a group of lions.
\Bpride of place\j\b\i, the most important position.
\Bpride\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bpride oneself on\j\b\i, to take pride in.
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\Hpriest\h
\Isay\j\b\i preest \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a member of the clergy with authority to perform the sacraments.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person trained to perform certain acts or rituals in certain religions. \Bpriestess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of priest; \Bpriesthood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the office or duties of a priest, b) the body of priests in a particular religion; \Bpriestly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a priest; \Bpriestliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
a) 'the \Iprimary\j\b\i causes of poverty' (= immediate).
b) 'the \Iprimary\j\b\i meaning of the word' (= original).
c) 'it is of \Iprimary\j\b\i importance to remember this' (= chief).
\Bprimary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is first in order or importance.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a preliminary election held in each state to select candidates for the later election of the President.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a larger body, such as a star, around which a smaller body revolves.
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\Hprimary colour\h
a) any colour having no trace of another colour: red, yellow and blue, plus the achromatic pair black and white. b) in paints or dyes, red, yellow and blue, which give all other colours by mixing. Compare \Jsecondary colour\j\b\i and \Btertiary colour\j\b\i.
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\Hprimary industry\h
See \Jindustry\j\b\i.
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\Hprimary school\h
also called a \Bjunior school\j\b\i or a \Bpreparatory school\j\b\i
a school for children up to about 12 years old.
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\Hprimary sources\h
a) (in research) the texts such as books, essays or films on which critical essays, radio programs, film documentaries, etc. focus their comments. b) (in historical research) texts that have a first-hand and direct relationship to the focus of their attention - for example, if an explorer was the focus of attention, an original photograph of the actual explorer or an original recording of his or her voice would be primary sources.
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\Hprimate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-mate) any mammal of the group which includes humans, monkeys, apes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-mit) a chief bishop or archbishop in a group of dioceses or a whole country.
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\Hprime\h
\Padjective\p first in rank or importance: '\Iprime\j\b\i minister'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we serve only \Iprime\j\b\i cuts of meat' (= best, excellent).
\Bprime\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the most flourishing or perfect stage or condition: 'in the \Iprime\j\b\i of his youth'.
\Bprime\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to prepare or make ready for a particular purpose: 'when you paint the window-frame you must \Iprime\j\b\i it with an undercoat'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I had been well \Iprimed\j\b\i at the party' (= plied with liquor).
b) 'the judge said she believed the witness had been \Iprimed\j\b\i before the case' (= given information). Latin \Iprimus\j\b\i first
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\Hprime meridian\h
also called the \BGreenwich meridian\j\b\i
the line of longitude 0░ through Greenwich, London, from which other measures of longitude are taken.
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\Hprime minister\h
(\Iusually capital\j\b\i) the minister leading the government in certain countries, such as Australia.
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\Hprime mover\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the originator or chief promoter of a scheme of action: 'he was the \Iprime mover\j\b\i in the anti-hanging campaign'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of an articulated vehicle, such as a semi-trailer, containing the driver's cab, the engine and driving wheels.
\CX13.\j\b\i the initial source of power, e.g. a windmill or stationary engine.
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\Hprime number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a positive integer that is exactly divisible only by itself and one, such as 3, 5, 7, 11, etc.
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\Hprimer (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p a simple book of instruction or learning.
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\Hprimer (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any first preparation, such as an undercoat of paint on a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i a part of a cartridge containing a substance which explodes when struck by the firing pin, thus firing the main powder charge.
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\Hprime time\h
\IRadio, Television:\j\b\i the time at which the largest audience may be expected.
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\Hprimeval\h
\Isay\j\b\i pry-\CX1mee\j\b\i-v'l \Padjective\p primaeval of or relating to prehistoric times. \Bprimevally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iprimus\j\b\i first + \Iaevum\j\b\i age
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\Hprimitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1primm\j\b\ii-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being the earliest stage or form of something: '\Iprimitive\j\b\i technology'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having undergone little cultural or technological development: 'a \Iprimitive\j\b\i tribe'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she built a \Iprimitive\j\b\i shelter of bark and foliage' (= simple, crude).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i being in a simple or self-taught style. \Bprimitive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is primitive; \Bprimitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprimitiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprimogeniture\h
\Isay\j\b\i prime-o-\CX1jenn\j\b\iicher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being the first-born.
\CX12.\j\b\i the feudal law that real estate passed to the eldest son unless otherwise bequeathed by will. Latin \Iprimo\j\b\i at first + \Igenitus\j\b\i born
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\Hprimordial\h
\Isay\j\b\i pry-\CX1mor\j\b\idi-ul \Padjective\p original or first in time.
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\Hprimp\h
\Pverb\p to dress or preen oneself fussily.
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\Hprimrose\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of small, European plants with pale yellow flowers. Also called a \Bprimula\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellow colour.
\Bprimrose path\j\b\i, a life of pleasure. \Bprimrose\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HPrimus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\imus \Pnoun\p a portable stove or light which burns kerosene. a trademark
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\Hprince\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male member of a royal family, usually one other than the monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i the male ruler of a small state or territory in a monarchy or empire.
\CX13.\j\b\i any important or leading member of a group: 'merchant \Iprinces\j\b\i'. \Bprincely\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or worthy of a prince, b) generous; \Bprincedom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the rank or status of a prince, b) a principality. Latin \Iprinceps\j\b\i first or principal
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\Hprincess\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a female member of a royal family, usually one other than the monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i the female ruler of a small state or territory in a monarchy or empire.
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\Hprincipal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prin\j\b\isi-p'l \Padjective\p first in rank or importance.
\Bprincipal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the head or leading official of a school, college or other organisation.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person with the leading part or position, as in one section of an orchestra, a play, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a sum of money lent, borrowed or invested, on which interest is paid.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any person who employs another as his or her agent. \Bprincipally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. do not confuse with \Bprinciple\j\b\i.
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\Hprincipality\h
\Isay\j\b\i prinsi-\CX1pall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a state or country ruled by a prince.
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\Hprinciple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prin\j\b\isi-p'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a basic truth, law or policy: a) 'the \Iprinciples\j\b\i of maths'; b) 'he acts according to the \Iprinciple\j\b\i of an eye for an eye'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any standard or rule of right or moral behaviour: 'he is a scoundrel and has no \Iprinciples\j\b\i at all'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin principle\j\b\i, 'I agree \Iin principle\j\b\i but not in practice' (= in theory).
\Bon principle\j\b\i, 'I had to refuse \Ion principle\j\b\i' (= as a matter of moral policy). do not confuse with \Bprincipal\j\b\i.
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\Hprink\h
\Pverb\p to dress up or adorn oneself fussily.
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\Hprint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark made on a surface by pressure: 'a \Ifootprint\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an engraving or etching produced from a metal plate.
\CX13.\j\b\i a cotton fabric with a design on it.
\CX14.\j\b\i any printed matter.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a picture developed when light-sensitive paper is exposed to light through a negative.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin print\j\b\i, (of a book, etc.) available for purchase.
\Bout of print\j\b\i, (of a book, etc.) no longer available for purchase.
\Bprint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to press a mark, design, picture, etc. on to a surface. b) to produce in inked, typed form, such as a newspaper or book.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the stranger's face was \Iprinted\j\b\i on her mind' (= fixed, impressed).
\CX12.\j\b\i to write with separated letters similar to those produced by a typewriter, printing press, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i to produce a print. \Bprintable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, suitable to be printed or published.
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\Hprinted circuit\h
\IElectronics:\j\b\i See \Jcircuit\j\b\i.
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\Hprinter\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that prints, especially a person or company whose business is to produce publications.
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\Hprinting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of producing printed matter, especially books, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i typography.
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\Hprint-out\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the information or results delivered in printed form by a computer.
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\Hprior (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-or \Padjective\p preceding in time, order, importance, etc.
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\Hprior (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-or \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a superior of a religious house, ranking below an abbot. \Bprioress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of prior, ranking below an abbess; \Bpriory\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a religious house in the charge of a prior or prioress.
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\Hpriority\h
\Isay\j\b\i pry-\CX1orr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of being first in an established order of importance. b) the right to such a position: 'his age gives him \Ipriority\j\b\i over us'. \Bprioritise\j\b\i, \Bprioritize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give something priority.
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\Hprise\h
\Isay\j\b\i prize \Pverb\p to raise or force with a lever. French, a grip
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\Hprism\h
\Isay\j\b\i prizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a transparent body, especially with a triangular base, which can break light down into the colours of the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i a solid or hollow body with similar equal and parallel ends, and whose faces are usually parallelograms. \Bprismatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i priz-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1priz\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a gaol.
\Bprisoner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who is kept in captivity, custody or a prison.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is restricted or restrained. Latin \Iprensus\j\b\i caught
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\Hprissy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) prim or prudish.
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\Hpristine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pris\j\b\i-tin \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pris\j\b\i-teen \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i original, primitive or belonging to an earlier time: 'he was restored to his \Ipristine\j\b\i health'.
\CX12.\j\b\i undamaged or as new: 'in \Ipristine\j\b\i condition'. Latin \Ipristinus\j\b\i former, earlier
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\Hprithee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pri\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i-ee interjection an old word meaning I pray you.
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\Hprivate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pry\j\b\i-vit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not seen, used or shared by others: a) 'a \Iprivate\j\b\i discussion between the leaders'; b) '\Iprivate\j\b\i information'.
\CX12.\j\b\i personal or belonging to oneself: 'the Prime Minister should not express \Iprivate\j\b\i opinions'.
\CX13.\j\b\i used or controlled by individuals, rather than the public or the government: a) 'that young doctor went into \Iprivate\j\b\i practice'; b) 'a \Iprivate\j\b\i detective is not a member of the police force'.
\Bprivate\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMilitary:\j\b\i the lowest rank in the army. \Bprivately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprivacy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1privv\j\b\ia-see \Ior\j\b\i \Bpry\j\b\i-va-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being private or secluded, b) secrecy.
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\Hprivate enterprise\h
\CX11.\j\b\i any privately owned business, as distinct from one owned or controlled by the government.
\CX12.\j\b\i the system or practice of private ownership.
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\Hprivateer\h
\Isay\j\b\i pry-va-\CX1teer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a privately owned ship instructed to attack the ships and cargo of an enemy during war. b) the commander or a crew member of such a ship.
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\Hprivate eye\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a private detective.
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\Hprivate means\h
an income not from wages or salary but from property or investments.
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\Hprivate practice\h
that part of a professional business in which individual clients are charged fees for services rendered.
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\Hprivate school\h
also called a \Bgrammar school\j\b\i
any school which is not run by the government, usually one run by a private or religious organisation which charges a fee for attendance. Compare \Jpublic school\j\b\i.
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\Hprivation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pry-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a lack of necessities or comforts: 'war led to serious \Iprivation\j\b\i and poverty'.
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\Hprivatise\h
\Pverb\p privatize to transfer an asset which is owned by the government to private ownership. \Bprivatisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprivative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1privv\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i causing lack or loss.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i giving a negative meaning to a word, as \Ia-\j\b\i in \Iamoral\j\b\i.
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\Hprivet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1privv\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p an evergreen shrub with small, white flowers, sometimes used for garden hedges.
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\Hprivilege\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1privv\j\b\ii-lij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a right, advantage or opportunity granted to a particular person or group: 'the \Iprivilege\j\b\i of leading the procession'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the principle of allowing or enjoying such rights or benefits: 'a society with social classes is based on \Iprivilege\j\b\i'. \Bprivilege\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to grant a privilege to, b) to exempt. Latin \Iprivus\j\b\i one's own + \Ilegis\j\b\i of law
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\Hprivy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1privv\j\b\iee \Padjective\p taking part in something private or secret: 'only a few villagers were \Iprivy\j\b\i to the plot'.
\Bprivy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an outside toilet. \Bprivily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, secretly.
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\Hprivy purse\h
\IBritish:\j\b\i the amount of money allowed by parliament for private use by the monarch.
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\Hprize (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something offered or given as a reward for success, victory, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something captured or seized: 'the pirates' \Iprize\j\b\i was a chest of jewellery'.
\Bprize\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i offered or given as a prize: '\Iprize\j\b\i money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i worthy of or having received a prize: 'our \Iprize\j\b\i bull'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what a \Iprize\j\b\i fool you are' (= absolute).
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\Hprize (2)\h
\Pverb\p to value highly: 'I \Iprize\j\b\i these books above all my possessions'.
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\Hprize (3)\h
\Pverb\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i to prise.
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\Hprize ring\h
a boxing ring.
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\Hpro (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an argument, or person, in favour of something.
\Bthe pros and cons\j\b\i, facts, arguments, etc. for and against something. Compare \Jcon (1)\j\b\i. \Bpro\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in favour of. Latin, for
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\Hpro (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a professional.
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\Hpro (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a prostitute.
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\Hpro-\h
a prefix meaning: a) favour or support, as in \Ipro-British\j\b\i; b) forward in space, time, etc., as in \Iproceed\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hprobability\h
\Isay\j\b\i probba-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being probable.
\CX12.\j\b\i a probable condition, event, etc.: 'there is a \Iprobability\j\b\i that the aeroplane will be late'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a measure of chance expressed as the ratio of the number of favourable outcomes to the total number of outcomes.
\Bin all probability\j\b\i, very likely.
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\Hprobable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1probb\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i expected to occur or be true.
\CX12.\j\b\i seemingly true. \Bprobably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jpossible\j\b\i.
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\Hprobate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-bate \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the formal procedure for establishing the validity of a will. b) the document showing this. \Bprobate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iprobatus\j\b\i proved
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\Hprobation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1bay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trial period, e.g. for a new employee.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the system of allowing criminals to remain free, instead of being imprisoned, on a promise to behave well in the future. Compare \Jparole\j\b\i. \Bprobationary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bprobationer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person undergoing probation.
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\Hprobative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-ba-tiv \Padjective\p serving to test or prove.
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\Hprobe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a searching into or close examination.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slender instrument used to explore wounds, etc. \Bprobe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprobity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-bittee \Pnoun\p integrity or honesty. Latin \Iprobus\j\b\i good
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\Hproblem\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a difficult question, situation, person, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a question proposed for solution or discussion. \Bproblematic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i probla-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Bproblematical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, uncertain; \Bproblematically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hproboscis\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1boss\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bprobosces\j\b\i
a trunk-like growth from the head, such as on elephants and some insects. Greek, a means of providing food
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\Hprocedure\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1seed\j\b\i-yer \Pnoun\p the method or manner of acting or proceeding: 'is there a set \Iprocedure\j\b\i for this type of job?'. \Bprocedural\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1seed\j\b\i-yoo-r'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hproceed\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to continue, especially after stopping.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'many evils \Iproceed\j\b\i from war' (= arise).
the money obtained from a sale or other transaction. Latin \Iprocedere\j\b\i to advance
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\Hproceeding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a course of action.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a) a particular action. b) legal steps.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a record of the activities of a club, society, etc.: 'the \Iproceedings\j\b\i of the Royal Society'.
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\Hprocess\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-sess \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of actions or changes for a particular purpose: a) 'we studied the \Iprocess\j\b\i of refining sugar'; b) 'the \Iprocess\j\b\i of digestion'; c) 'packing the crockery into boxes was a slow \Iprocess\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the proceedings in action.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a natural outgrowth from an organ.
\Bin the process of\j\b\i, 'a building \Iin the process of\j\b\i construction' (= in the course of).
\Bprocess\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to treat, adapt or prepare, especially products for sale.
\CX12.\j\b\i to start a legal action against someone.
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\Hprocession\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line or group of people, vehicles, etc. moving along in an orderly way.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of moving in orderly sequence: 'the \Iprocession\j\b\i of the seasons'. \Bprocessional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or for a procession.
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\Hprocessor\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmicroprocessor\j\b\i.
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\Hproclaim\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1klame\j\b\i \Pverb\p to announce or make known, especially publicly or officially. \Bproclamation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prokla-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproclivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1klivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a natural tendency or disposition: 'a \Iproclivity\j\b\i to criticise'.
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\Hprocrastinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1kras\j\b\iti-nate \Pverb\p to put off doing something. \Bprocrastination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprocrastinator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who procrastinates. \Bpro-\j\b\i + Latin \Icrastinus\j\b\i of tomorrow
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\Hprocreate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-kree-ate \Pverb\p to produce offspring. \Bprocreation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprocreative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hproctor\h
\Pnoun\p (in some universities) an official, especially one responsible for discipline among undergraduates.
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\Hprocure\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1kew\j\b\ier \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to obtain, especially by care or effort: 'I managed to \Iprocure\j\b\i a rare edition of the novel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to obtain a prostitute for the use of others. \Bprocurement\j\b\i, \Bprocuration\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bprocurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who procures, especially prostitutes; \Bprocurable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprod\h
\Pverb\p (\Bprodded\j\b\i, \Bprodding\j\b\i)
to poke or push with a pointed object.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she had to be \Iprodded\j\b\i before she accepted the invitation' (= urged). \Bprod\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a pointed instrument used for prodding, b) a poke with or as if with a prod, c) a reminder.
\CX12.\j\b\i giving profusely: 'she is \Iprodigal\j\b\i of favours'.
\Bprodigal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who is extravagant or wasteful. \Bprodigally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprodigality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prodi-\CX1gall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprodigious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1dij\j\b\ius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i enormous: 'he inherited a \Iprodigious\j\b\i sum of money from his wealthy parents'.
\CX12.\j\b\i wonderful: 'saving those drowning children was a \Iprodigious\j\b\i feat'.
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\Hprodigy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prodd\j\b\ii-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, especially a child, with extraordinary abilities.
\CX12.\j\b\i something wonderful.
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\Hproduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring forth: a) 'the rabbit \Iproduced\j\b\i five offspring'; b) 'the novelist \Iproduced\j\b\i a new book every year'; c) 'the defence lawyer \Iproduced\j\b\i some new evidence'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make goods.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'one must \Iproduce\j\b\i one's ticket on demand' (= show, exhibit).
b) 'who \Iproduced\j\b\i this play?' (= organised and presented).
c) 'her speech \Iproduced\j\b\i a violent reaction' (= stimulated). \Bproduce\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prod\j\b\i-yooce), \Inoun\j\b\i, something produced, especially agricultural or natural products.
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\Hproducer\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1dew\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that produces.
\CX12.\j\b\i the person who organises the business side of a play or film and makes the final decisions on artistic matters. Compare \Jdirector\j\b\i.
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\Hproduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prod\j\b\i-ukt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is produced.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the result of multiplication. Compare \Jquotient\j\b\i.
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\Hproduction\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1duk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of producing.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is produced, e.g. a particular play or film.
\CX13.\j\b\i the total amount produced.
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\Hproductive\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1duk\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p producing readily or abundantly: '\Iproductive\j\b\i soil'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that was not a very \Iproductive\j\b\i move' (= profitable). \Bproductively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bproductivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prodduk-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Bproductiveness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hprofane\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or showing a lack of reverence for God or sacred things.
\CX12.\j\b\i secular.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Iprofane\j\b\i language shocked us' (= blasphemous).
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being profane: 'the \Iprofanity\j\b\i in the film caused it to be banned'. \Bprofane\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to treat irreverently, b) to put to an unworthy use; \Bprofanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprofaner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprofanus\j\b\i outside the temple
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\Hprofess\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to declare: 'he \Iprofessed\j\b\i extreme disappointment'. b) to declare insincerely: 'she \Iprofesses\j\b\i to be a friend'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't \Iprofess\j\b\i to be an expert' (= claim).
\CX12.\j\b\i to affirm faith in a religion, etc. \Bprofessedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprofession\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an occupation, especially one requiring advanced education and special training: 'she is a dentist by \Iprofession\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i all the people engaged in such an occupation: 'the dental \Iprofession\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a statement or declaration of belief, feeling, etc.: 'his \Iprofessions\j\b\i of innocence only made her laugh'.
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\Hprofessional\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fesh\j\b\ia-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a profession: '\Iprofessional\j\b\i salaries'.
\CX12.\j\b\i doing something for payment or as a full-time occupation: 'a \Iprofessional\j\b\i musician'.
\CX13.\j\b\i maintaining appropriate standards: 'he has a very \Iprofessional\j\b\i manner'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we sought \Iprofessional\j\b\i advice' (= expert). \Bprofessional\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a professional person; \Bprofessionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprofessionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, professional skill or qualities.
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\Hprofessor\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fess\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p the highest-ranking university teacher. \Bprofessorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i proffa-\CX1saw\j\b\ireeul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of a professor.
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\Hproffer\h
\Pverb\p to offer for acceptance. \Bproffer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p skilled or expert in something: 'a \Iproficient\j\b\i teacher'. \Bproficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bproficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprofile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an outline showing the side view of a person's face.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drawing of a vertical section through something, such as a building, soil, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a study or article about a person, published in a magazine, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a marker sited at the corner of a building under construction to ensure squareness.
\CX15.\j\b\i an identifiable characteristic or position. \IUsage:\j\b\i 'he maintains a high \Iprofile\j\b\i' (= public standing). \Bprofile\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprofit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proff\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any gain or benefit: 'his trip overseas was of great \Iprofit\j\b\i to his studies'.
\CX12.\j\b\i financial gain, especially the amount remaining after expenses, cost of production, etc. have been deducted. \Bprofit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to gain or be of benefit; \Bprofitable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, yielding profit; \Bprofitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iproficere\j\b\i to gain advantage
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\Hprofiteer\h
\Isay\j\b\i proffi-\CX1teer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who seeks or makes excessive profits, especially by taking advantage of a general shortage. \Bprofiteer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bprofiteering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprofit sharing\h
the sharing of profits between employers and employees, in addition to salaries and wages. \Bprofit-sharing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i recklessly extravagant. \Bprofligate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a profligate person; \Bprofligacy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproforma\h
\Pnoun\p something done as a matter of form.
\Bproforma invoice\j\b\i, an invoice sent to a customer in advance of goods so as to complete business formalities.
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\Hprofound\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1found\j\b\i \Padjective\p very deep: a) '\Iprofound\j\b\i knowledge'; b) 'a \Iprofound\j\b\i love of children'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iprofound\j\b\i mysteries of science' (= extreme). \Bprofoundly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprofundity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fun\j\b\idi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprofundus\j\b\i deep
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\Hprofuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fewce\j\b\i \Padjective\p abundant, often to excess: '\Iprofuse\j\b\i apologies'. \Bprofusely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprofusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1few\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprofusus\j\b\i poured forth
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\Hprogenitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1jenn\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p a direct ancestor.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'horse-drawn rail trams were the \Iprogenitors\j\b\i of modern railways'.
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1jest\j\b\ia-rone \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a hormone secreted by the ovaries of mammals and producing changes before and during pregnancy.
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\Hprognosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i prog-\CX1no\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bprognoses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i prog-\CX1no\j\b\i-seez)
a forecast or prediction, especially of the probable course and outcome of a disease. \Bprognostic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hprognosticate\h
\Isay\j\b\i prog-\CX1nos\j\b\iti-kate \Pverb\p to prophesy. \Bprognosticator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prognosticates; \Bprognostication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-gram \Pnoun\p programme \CX11.\j\b\i a list of items, events, etc., e.g. for a concert or theatrical performance.
\CX12.\j\b\i a performance or show: 'my favourite radio \Iprogram\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any organised list or arrangement of procedures: 'what is the \Iprogram\j\b\i for today?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a series of coded instructions designed to make a computer perform a given task. Only spelt \Bprogram\j\b\i.
\Bprogram\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\B(programmed, programming)\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to organise or include in a program.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to provide instructions for a computer. Only spelt \Bprogram\j\b\i. \Bprogrammer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prepares computer programs. Greek \Iprogramma\j\b\i a public notice
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\Hprogram music\h
any music intended to convey impressions of places, events or actions.
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\Hprogress\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-gress \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any movement in a desired direction.
\CX12.\j\b\i growth or development.
\Bin progress\j\b\i, 'the meeting is \Iin progress\j\b\i' (= under way, taking place).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a sequence of numbers. See \Jarithmetical progression\j\b\i and \Bgeometrical progression\j\b\i. \Bprogress\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1gress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bprogressional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i progressing or advancing by stages: '\Iprogressive\j\b\i paralysis'.
\CX13.\j\b\i consisting of continuous movement or changes: 'a \Iprogressive\j\b\i waltz'. \Bprogressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprogressiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprohibit\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1hibb\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to forbid by authority: 'smoking is \Iprohibited\j\b\i in this waiting room'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the locked door \Iprohibited\j\b\i my entry' (= prevented).
\Bprohibitive\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
prohibiting.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iprohibitive\j\b\i food prices' (= extremely high). Latin \Iprohibere\j\b\i to hinder See \Jforbid\j\b\i.
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\Hprohibition\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-hi\CX1bish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of prohibiting. b) a law that prohibits.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the period 1920-33 when it was illegal to manufacture or sell alcoholic drinks in the United States of America. \Bprohibitionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who favours prohibition of alcoholic drinks.
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\Hproject\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\ij-ekt \Ior\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-jekt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scheme that is contemplated, devised or planned for the future.
\CX12.\j\b\i (in schools) a piece of work, involving research, given to a student or group of students.
\CX11.\j\b\i to protrude: 'the shelf \Iprojected\j\b\i from the wall'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to plan or intend: 'is a tunnel under the river \Iprojected\j\b\i for next century?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to throw: a) 'the ball was \Iprojected\j\b\i into the air'; b) 'you have to learn to \Iproject\j\b\i your voice'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i to unknowingly attribute one's own attitudes, etc. to others.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the teacher can \Iproject\j\b\i her ideas very well' (= get across, communicate).
b) 'the slides were \Iprojected\j\b\i onto the wall' (= shown, displayed).
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\Hprojectile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any object fired from a gun by means of an explosive charge, such as a bullet, shell, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something thrown.
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\Hprojection\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1jek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of projecting: 'her voice \Iprojection\j\b\i is excellent'. b) something which protrudes: 'a \Iprojection\j\b\i of rock on the side of a mountain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a system of lines drawn on a plane surface, as in a map, representing the meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude, upon which the surface of the earth, or some portion of it, may be depicted.
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\Hprojector\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1jek\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a device throwing still or moving photographic images onto a screen. \Bprojectionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who operates a projector.
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\Hprolapse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-laps \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the downward movement of an organ from its normal position. \Bprolapse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1laps\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iprolapsus\j\b\i slipped forward
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\Hproleg\h
\Pnoun\p an unjointed, abdominal leg of some larvae, such as a caterpillar.
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\Hproletariat\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-la-\CX1tair\j\b\ii-at \Pnoun\p the working class or the people who do not own property. \Bproletarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproliferate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1liff\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to increase or reproduce in large quantities. \Bproliferation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprolific\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1liff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p producing abundantly: 'a \Iprolific\j\b\i writer'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-log \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the introductory part of a play, book, etc. Compare \Jepilogue\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any act or event which introduces. \Bpro-\j\b\i + Greek \Ilogos\j\b\i speech
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\Hprolong\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1long\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make longer in time. \Bprolonged\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bprolongation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a promenade concert.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a formal dance held for a class at a school or college.
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\Hpromenade\h
\Isay\j\b\i prommi-\CX1nahd\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a leisurely walk, sometimes incorporated into a dance. b) a public place for walking such as an esplanade.
\Bpromenade concert\j\b\i, a concert, usually of classical music, where seating is provided for only a part of the audience. \Bpromenade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpromethium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1mee\j\b\ithium \Pnoun\p element number 61, an artificially created, radioactive metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hprominent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1promm\j\b\ii-nent \Padjective\p standing out so as to be easily seen: 'the most \Iprominent\j\b\i peak in the mountain range'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a \Iprominent\j\b\i and respected member of parliament' (= important, well-known). \Bprominently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprominence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being prominent, b) something which is prominent.
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\Hpromiscuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1mis\j\b\ikew-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an indiscriminate number of casual sexual relationships.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1promm\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an assurance that something will be done, given, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i an indication or likelihood of future success: 'the child showed little \Ipromise\j\b\i'. \Bpromise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make an assurance, b) to indicate; \Bpromising\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, indicating future success; \Bpromissory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1promm\j\b\iisa-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a promise.
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\Hpromissory note\h
a written and signed promise to pay a person a sum of money on a certain date or on demand. Compare \Jbill of exchange\j\b\i.
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\Hpromontory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1promm\j\b\ien-tree \Pnoun\p a headland.
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\Hpromote\h
\Pverb\p to raise in position, rank, etc.: 'after two years in the accounts section she was \Ipromoted\j\b\i to chief accountant'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'who \Ipromoted\j\b\i the idea of having a bazaar?' (= put forward).
b) 'this tonic will \Ipromote\j\b\i the growth of new hair' (= encourage, aid).
c) 'she \Ipromotes\j\b\i a pop group' (= publicises, tries to sell). \Bpromotion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1mo\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpromoter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who promotes, especially one who provides the capital for an enterprise.
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\Hprompt\h
\Padjective\p quick: a) 'a \Iprompt\j\b\i reply'; b) 'he is \Iprompt\j\b\i to act'.
\Bprompt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cause or inspire to action: 'his speech \Iprompted\j\b\i me to vote for him'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give help or suggestions.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i to remind actors of their lines from offstage when they forget them.
\Bprompt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a message on the screen which indicates the computer is waiting for further instructions. \Bpromptly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpromptness\j\b\i, \Bpromptitude\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bprompt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which prompts; \Bprompter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prompts.
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\Hpromulgate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1promm\j\b\i'l-gate \Pverb\p to declare or make known openly, e.g. to the public. \Bpromulgation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpromulgator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who promulgates.
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\Hprone\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tending or liable to: 'he is \Iprone\j\b\i to accidents'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lying flat or still, especially face downwards. \Bpronely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bproneness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipronus\j\b\i leaning, face-down
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\Hprong\h
\Pnoun\p a sharply pointed part, such as a division of a fork.
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\Hpronoun\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word used in place of a \Pnoun\p. \IExample:\j\b\i \Ithey\j\b\i walked slowly towards \Iit\j\b\i.
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\Hpronounce\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to make the sounds of a word or phrase: 'how do you \Ipronounce\j\b\i phlegm?'. b) to utter: 'you do not \Ipronounce\j\b\i the \It\j\b\i in \Ioften\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to state or declare, especially officially or formally: 'the judge \Ipronounced\j\b\i the death sentence'. \Bpronounceable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpronouncement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a statement, b) the act of \Ppronoun\pcing; \Bpronouncer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpronunciation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-nun-see-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the manner of \Ppronoun\pcing words.
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\Hpronounced\h
\Padjective\p strongly marked or distinct: 'a \Ipronounced\j\b\i limp'. \Bpronouncedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpronto\h
\Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) quickly. Spanish
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\Hpronunciation\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-nun-see-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p See \Jpronounce\j\b\i.
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\Hproof\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any evidence which establishes that something is true: 'do you have \Iproof\j\b\i that a murder was committed?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of proving something claimed or asserted.
\CX13.\j\b\i a trial or test: 'the \Iproof\j\b\i of the pudding is in the eating'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a temporary print, often made directly from the film without being enlarged.
\CX15.\j\b\i the standard of strength of a distilled alcoholic liquor.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a trial impression of a section of type, engraving, etc. made for the purpose of correction or examination. Also called a \Bpull\j\b\i.
\Bproof\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i fully resistant: '\Iproof\j\b\i against evil'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of standard strength, such as spirituous liquor. \Bproof\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make waterproof.
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\H-proof\h
a suffix meaning insulated from or not affected by, as in \Ifireproof\j\b\i.
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\Hproofread\h
\Pverb\p to read a manuscript or printer's proof in order to find and mark any mistakes. \Bproofreader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproof spirit\h
a standard mixture of alcohol and water defined as a minimum of 57.10 per cent alcohol by volume.
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\Hprop (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpropped\j\b\i, \Bpropping\j\b\i)
to support or rest: '\Iprop\j\b\i that chair against the door to keep it open'.
\Bprop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a beam or other rigid support. b) any person or thing serving as a support.
\CX12.\j\b\i the forward position in rugby football in the front row of a scrum.
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\Hprop (2)\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bproperty\j\b\i
\ITheatre:\j\b\i any object used in a play, opera, etc. apart from the scenery.
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\Hprop (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a propeller.
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\Hprop (4)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpropped, propping\j\b\i)
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i to stop suddenly and change direction.
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\Hpropaganda\h
\Isay\j\b\i proppa-\CX1gan\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p any opinions, principles, etc., especially biased or false ones, spread or publicised to persuade, change or reform. \Bpropagandist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpropagandise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpropagate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1propp\j\b\ia-gate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of an organism) to multiply or cause to multiply.
\CX12.\j\b\i to send out or spread: a) 'to \Ipropagate\j\b\i sound'; b) 'to \Ipropagate\j\b\i a belief'. \Bpropagation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpropagator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpropanol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-pa-nol \Pnoun\p a colourless liquid alcohol used as a solvent, etc.
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\Hpropane\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless inflammable gas (formula C\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I8\j\b\i), the third member of the alkane series, used as a fuel.
to drive forward. \Bpropellent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpropellant\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pell\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p anything used to provide force or thrust, such as an explosive in a gun, compressed gas in an aerosol container, etc.
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\Hpropeller\h
\Pnoun\p a device consisting of rotating blades, which propels a ship, aircraft, etc.
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\Hpropelling pencil\h
a pencil with a replaceable lead, the length of which is adjusted by moving the outer case.
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\Hpropensity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pen\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p a natural tendency: 'she has a \Ipropensity\j\b\i to organise everyone'.
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\Hproper\h
\Isay\j\b\i proppa \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i suitable or appropriate: 'is it \Iproper\j\b\i to wear jeans to a wedding?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's a very \Iproper\j\b\i little man' (= excessively prim or decorous).
b) 'this is the \Iproper\j\b\i way to do it' (= correct).
\CX12.\j\b\i strictly so called: 'they travelled through the suburbs to the city \Iproper\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) thorough: 'we received a \Iproper\j\b\i thrashing'. \Bproperly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iproprius\j\b\i one's own
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\Hproper fraction\h
See \Jfraction\j\b\i.
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\Hproper noun\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproperty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1propp\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all of a person's possessions.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular piece of land owned by a person.
\CX13.\j\b\i an essential quality of something: 'what are the \Iproperties\j\b\i of a gas?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a large area of land worked as a farm.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i See \Jprop (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hprophecy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proff\j\b\ia-see \Pnoun\p a) a prediction. b) the ability to predict the future: 'the gift of \Iprophecy\j\b\i'.
to make a prophecy. \Bpro-\j\b\i + Greek \Iphanai\j\b\i to speak \Bprophecy, prophesy\j\b\i. Remember that \Iprophecy\j\b\i is a \Pnoun\p: 'the \Iprophecy\j\b\i came true'; whereas \Iprophesy\j\b\i is a \Pverb\p: 'can anyone really \Iprophesy\j\b\i future events?', 'she \Iprophesied\j\b\i that the share market would collapse'.
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\Hprophet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proff\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a religious teacher claiming divine inspiration and authority.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who predicts future events. Also called a \Bseer\j\b\i.
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\Hprophetic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1fett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p prophetical \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a prophet.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or having the nature of a prophecy: 'a \Iprophetic\j\b\i dream'. \Bprophetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprophylactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i proffi-\CX1lak\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p any medicine or device, such as a contraceptive, which protects, prevents, etc. \Bprophylactic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bprophylaxis\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i proffi-\CX1lak\j\b\i-sis), \Inoun\j\b\i, the prevention of disease, etc. Greek \Iprophylaktikos\j\b\i guarding against
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\Hpropinquity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pink\j\b\iwi-tee \Pnoun\p a nearness, e.g. in place, relationship, etc.: 'her friendship with her neighbour was due to \Ipropinquity\j\b\i rather than common interests'.
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\Hpropitiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pish\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to pacify or win over: 'he tried to \Ipropitiate\j\b\i his angry wife with flowers'. \Bpropitiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpropitiatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpropitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p favourable: 'the accident was hardly a \Ipropitious\j\b\i start to the day'.
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\Hpropjet\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jturboprop\j\b\i.
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\Hproponent\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1po\j\b\i-nent \Pnoun\p a person who supports or argues for a particular cause. \Bpro-\j\b\i + Latin \Iponere\j\b\i to put
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\Hproportion\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1por\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the comparative relationship of size, quantity, etc. between things or parts: 'what is the \Iproportion\j\b\i of yeast to flour in this loaf?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a correct or balanced relationship: 'the size of the house is not in \Iproportion\j\b\i to the garden'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a large \Iproportion\j\b\i of the class failed the exam' (= part).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) size: 'an inheritance of huge \Iproportions\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a statement of equality of two ratios. \IExample:\j\b\i 1 and 2 are in proportion to 5 and 10 because the ratio of the first pair (1:2) equals the ratio of the second (5:10). \Bproportional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relative or corresponding; \Bproportionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bproportionate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, in correct proportion; \Bproportionately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iproportio\j\b\i symmetry
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\Hproportional representation\h
\IPolitics:\j\b\i an electoral system where each party receives the same percentage of seats in parliament as it receives of the total vote.
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\Hpropose\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put forward, offer or suggest: 'to \Ipropose\j\b\i a new law'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Iproposed\j\b\i again and was refused' (= proposed marriage).
b) 'what I \Ipropose\j\b\i to do is this' (= intend). \Bproposal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an offer, especially of marriage, b) something which is proposed, such as a scheme or plan; \Bproposer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproposition\h
\Isay\j\b\i proppa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is proposed or suggested.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is a different \Iproposition\j\b\i altogether' (= matter).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILogic, Maths:\j\b\i a statement to be proved or demonstrated. \Bproposition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpropositional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpropound\h
\Pverb\p to propose or suggest.
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\Hproprietor\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pry\j\b\ia-tor \Pnoun\p an owner, especially of a business.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she treats us in a \Iproprietary\j\b\i manner' (= bossy).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a product) made and sold only by the holder of the trademark, patent, brand name or formula. \Bproprietorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bproprietress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of proprietor.
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\Hpropriety\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pry\j\b\ia-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i behaviour in accordance with accepted or established standards.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being right or appropriate.
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\Hpropulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of propelling or driving forward. b) a propelling force.
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\Hpropyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-pil \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to organic compounds or radicals containing the univalent C\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\iH\Ksubscript\k\I7\j\b\i- group.
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\Hpropylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-pee-leen \Pnoun\p (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iCHCH\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), the second member of the olefine series.
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\Hpro rata\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro \CX1raht\j\b\ia in proportion. Latin, according to the rate
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\Hprorogue\h
\Pverb\p to end a session of parliament. \Bprorogation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-ro-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprosaic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1zay\j\b\i-ik \Padjective\p dull or unimaginative. \Bprosaically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprosaicness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproscenium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1see\j\b\ini-um \Pnoun\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i the front of a stage, especially the frame and that part in front of the curtain.
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\Hprosciutto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prah\j\b\i-shoo-toe \Pnoun\p a spicy, cured Italian ham, usually served in very thin slices.
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\Hproscribe\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1skribe\j\b\i \Pverb\p to condemn or forbid. \Bproscription\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1skrip\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bproscriptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iproscribere\j\b\i to outlaw do not confuse with \Bprescribe\j\b\i.
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\Hprose\h
\Isay\j\b\i proze \Pnoun\p any writing or speech with no formal rhythm or pattern, as distinct from poetry. \Bprose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make into or write prose; \Bprosy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dull; \Bprosily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprosiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprosa\j\b\i straightforward
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\Hprosecute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pross\j\b\ii-kewt \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take legal action against.
\CX12.\j\b\i to perform or carry out, e.g. a task, investigation, etc.
a) the act of prosecuting. b) the lawyer or lawyers appointed to prosecute. \Bprosecutor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prosecutes, especially a public official appointed to prosecute accused persons. See \Jpersecute\j\b\i.
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\Hproselyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pross\j\b\ii-lite \Pnoun\p a person converted to another belief, opinion or religion. \Bproselytise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pross\j\b\i-illi-tize), \Bproselytize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a proselyte. Greek \Iproselytos\j\b\i a newcomer
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\Hprosody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-za-dee \Pnoun\p the theories or principles of writing or analysing the structure of verse. Greek \Iprosoidia\j\b\i accentuation
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\Hprospect\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pross\j\b\i-pekt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a future possibility or chance: 'there is little \Iprospect\j\b\i of the weather improving'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this job holds many \Iprospects\j\b\i for a steady worker' (= chances for success, etc.).
\CX12.\j\b\i an extended view or outlook: 'there is a beautiful \Iprospect\j\b\i from the upstairs window'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a deposit or indication of a possible deposit.
\Bprospect\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IMining:\j\b\i to search for valuable minerals. \Bprospector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who searches for valuable minerals, etc.
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\Hprospective\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1spek\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p expected or likely in the future: 'this is my \Iprospective\j\b\i wife'. \Bprospectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprospectus\h
\Pnoun\p a printed advertisement for, or description of, a product, business, school, etc., set out as a booklet.
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\Hprosper\h
\Pverb\p to flourish or be successful: 'the company \Iprospered\j\b\i under the new director'. \Bprosperity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pross-\CX1perr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, success or wealth; \Bprosperous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, successful or wealthy; \Bprosperously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprosperousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprostate gland\h
short form is \Bprostate\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a gland surrounding the urethra in male mammals.
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\Hprosthesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i pross-\CX1thee\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p any artificial device used to build up or replace a damaged or missing part of the body, e.g. an artificial leg. \Bprosthetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pross-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek, an addition
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\Hprostitute\h
\Pnoun\p a person who engages in sexual activity for payment. \Bprostitute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use one's abilities unworthily; \Bprostitution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iprostitutus\j\b\i exposed for sale
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\Hprostrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pross\j\b\i-trate \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lying at full length, face down: 'the worshippers were \Iprostrate\j\b\i before the altar'.
\CX12.\j\b\i completely overcome and unable or unwilling to rise: '\Iprostrate\j\b\i with grief'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a plant) low-lying: '\Iprostrate\j\b\i rosemary'. \Bprostrate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pross-\CX1trate\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cast oneself down, in adoration or pleading; \Bprostration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of prostrating, b) extreme weakness or helplessness.
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\Hprosy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p See \Jprose\j\b\i.
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\Hprotactinium\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-tak-\CX1tinn\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 91, a radioactive metal. See \Jactinide\j\b\i.
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\Hprotagonist\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1tagg\j\b\ia-nist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the main character in a story or play.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who leads, supports or represents a cause, etc: 'he is a \Iprotagonist\j\b\i of human rights'. Greek \Iprotos\j\b\i first + \Iagonistes\j\b\i contestant
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\Hprotea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-tee-a \Pnoun\p any of a group of South African shrubs with large, showy cone-shaped flowers.
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\Hprotean\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-tee-an \Padjective\p a) readily changing. b) variable. after \IProteus\j\b\i, a sea-god in Greek mythology who could assume different forms
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\Hprotect\h
\Pverb\p to keep or guard from harm, attack, etc. \Bprotective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, intending or serving to protect; \Bprotectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprotector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that protects.
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\Hprotection\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1tek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of protecting: 'work for the \Iprotection\j\b\i of your rights'. b) the state of being protected: 'this coat gives little \Iprotection\j\b\i from the cold'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an economic system of protecting industry and agriculture from foreign competition by placing a tax on imports. Compare \Jfree trade\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i any money paid to criminals in exchange for a promise of safety from their violence. \Bprotectionism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a theory of economic protection; \Bprotectionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprotective custody\h
the keeping of a person, such as an important witness for a trial, under guard or in a prison for protection.
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\Hprotectorate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1tek\j\b\ita-rit \Pnoun\p a country protected and partly controlled by another. Compare \Jcolony\j\b\i.
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\HprotΘgΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\itta-\Izh\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a person given helpful protection, support or favour by another. \BprotΘgΘe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of protΘgΘ. French, protected
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\Hprotein\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-teen \Pnoun\p any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, composed of amino acid chains and essential for all living things.
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\Hpro tem\h
for the present.
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\Hprotest\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1test\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to express disapproval or objection: 'I must \Iprotest\j\b\i at such rudeness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to declare or affirm: 'she continued to \Iprotest\j\b\i her innocence'.
\Bunder protest\j\b\i, 'he agreed \Iunder protest\j\b\i to play a tune' (= although complaining or objecting). \Bprotester\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprotestingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprotestation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-tess-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HProtestant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prott\j\b\iis-t'nt \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a member of any of the Churches which separated from the Roman Catholic Church from the 16th century onwards. \BProtestantism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the religion or principles of a Protestant, b) all Protestant Churches.
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\Hproto-\h
a prefix meaning first, as in \Iprototype\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hprotocol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\ita-kol \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the customs and rules relating to ceremonies and other official occasions.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a set of rules which control the way messages are sent from one computer to another.
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\Hproton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-ton \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a stable, positively charged elementary particle, equivalent to a hydrogen ion and a part of all atomic nuclei. Greek, first thing
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\Hprotoplasm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-toe-plazm \Pnoun\p also called \Bplasma\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the living substance of a cell, consisting of the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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\Hprototype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-toe-tipe \Pnoun\p the first example of a type, from which other forms are developed or further refined.
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\Hprotozoa\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-toe-\CX1zo\j\b\i-a plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bprotozoon\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-toe-\CX1zo\j\b\i-on)
a large group of microscopic animals with one cell and at least one nucleus. \Bproto-\j\b\i + Greek \Izoion\j\b\i animal
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\Hprotract\h
\Pverb\p to lengthen or extend in time: 'let's not \Iprotract\j\b\i this silly argument'. \Bprotraction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpro-\j\b\i + Latin \Itractus\j\b\i dragged
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\Hprotractor\h
\Pnoun\p a flat instrument with a graduated scale, used for measuring angles.
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\Hprotrude\h
\Pverb\p to push or jut out: 'her lower lip \Iprotruded\j\b\i sulkily'. \Bprotrusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1troo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n) \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hprotuberance\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1tew\j\b\iba-r'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which projects or protrudes.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of protruding. \Bprotuberant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, bulging.
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\Hproud\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeling or showing pride or satisfaction, especially in oneself or one's possessions.
\CX12.\j\b\i inspiring pride or self-satisfaction: 'this is a \Iproud\j\b\i moment for us'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a great and \Iproud\j\b\i city' (= majestic).
\Bdo someone proud\j\b\i, a) to be a source of credit to someone; b) to entertain someone lavishly. \Bproudly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iprodesse\j\b\i to do good
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\Hprove\h
\Isay\j\b\i proov \Pverb\p (\Bproved\j\b\i, \Bproved\j\b\i or \Bproven\j\b\i, \Bproving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to show to be true or genuine: 'you must \Iprove\j\b\i your accusation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it \Iproved\j\b\i to be a terrible mistake' (= was shown, turned out).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICooking:\j\b\i to cause yeast dough to rise in a warm place before baking.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to obtain probate of a will. Latin \Iprobare\j\b\i to test
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\Hprovenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1provv\j\b\ia-nence \Pnoun\p the place where something comes from: 'the \Iprovenance\j\b\i of an old painting'.
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\Hprovender\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1provv\j\b\iinda \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i dry food, such as hay or oats, used for livestock.
\CX12.\j\b\i any food.
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\Hproverb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prov\j\b\i-erb \Pnoun\p a short saying, usually containing a useful or well-known belief or truth. \Bproverbial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1ver\j\b\ibiul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) expressed in a proverb or proverbs, b) widely known or referred to; \Bproverbially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprovide\h
\Pverb\p to supply or make available.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we must \Iprovide\j\b\i for the possibility of a flood' (= prepare).
b) 'grandmother left the family well \Iprovided\j\b\i' (= supplied with means of support). \Bprovider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who provides, especially one whose income supports a family. Latin \Iprovidere\j\b\i to foresee
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\Hprovided\h
conjunction on the condition: 'you may come \Iprovided\j\b\i you don't talk'.
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\Hprovidence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1provv\j\b\ii-d'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) the care or protection provided by God. b) God.
\CX12.\j\b\i any careful or economical management. \Bprovidential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i provvi-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or due to providence, b) lucky; \Bprovidentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprovident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1provv\j\b\ii-d'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i providing for the future.
\CX12.\j\b\i economical or thrifty. \Bprovidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hprovider\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing, such as a school, that provides a service to others.
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\Hprovider\h
See \Jservice provider\j\b\i.
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\Hproviding\h
conjunction provided that: 'we will have a picnic \Iproviding\j\b\i the weather stays fine'.
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\Hprovince\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1provv\j\b\iince \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an administrative division or unit of a country.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the parts of a country outside the capital.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that problem is outside my \Iprovince\j\b\i' (= sphere of knowledge or authority).
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\Hprovincial\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1vin\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p of or belonging to a province or provinces: 'a \Iprovincial\j\b\i newspaper'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was difficult to argue against such \Iprovincial\j\b\i attitudes' (= narrow-minded).
\Bprovincial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a person who comes from a province. b) an unsophisticated or narrow-minded person.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the head of a religious order in a region.
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\Hprovision\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1vi\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of supplying or providing: 'let us organise the \Iprovision\j\b\i of food for the party'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'have you made any \Iprovision\j\b\i for a change in the weather?' (= preparation, allowance).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any supplies, especially of food.
\CX13.\j\b\i a condition inserted into a document or agreement.
\Bprovision\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to supply with food.
\Bprovisional\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i provided for the present only: 'he was granted a \Iprovisional\j\b\i permit to open for the weekend'.
\CX12.\j\b\i possible or conditional. \Bprovisionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, provisional; \Bprovisionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hproviso\h
\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1vie\j\b\i-zo \Pnoun\p a condition or limitation, e.g. in a document or agreement: 'I will pay, with the \Iproviso\j\b\i that I may be given a refund if necessary'. \Bprovisory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, it being provided
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\Hprovoke\h
\Pverb\p to stir or stimulate to action, emotion, etc.: 'his taunts \Iprovoked\j\b\i me to take a swing at him'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the war \Iprovoked\j\b\i a severe food shortage' (= caused). \Bprovocation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i provva-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprovocative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pro-\CX1vokk\j\b\ia-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) stimulating, b) irritating. Latin \Iprovocare\j\b\i to call forth, challenge
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\Hprovost\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prov\j\b\i-est \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old title retained by certain university and church dignitaries.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IScottish:\j\b\i the chairperson of a town council and the town's chief dignitary.
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\Hprovost marshal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pro\j\b\i-vo \CX1mar\j\b\i-shal an officer commanding military police.
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\Hprow\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p the bow of a boat.
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\Hprowess\h
\Pnoun\p an outstanding skill or courage.
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\Hprowl\h
\Pverb\p to move about furtively or secretively, especially in search of something. \Bprowler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who prowls; \Bprowl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hproximal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prok\j\b\isi-m'l \Padjective\p towards the centre of the body or point of attachment to a limb, etc. Compare \Jdistal\j\b\i.
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\Hproximity\h
\Isay\j\b\i prok-\CX1simm\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a nearness or closeness. \Bproximate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prok\j\b\isi-mit), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) close or closely related, b) approximate. Latin \Iproximus\j\b\i nearest
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\Hproxy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1prok\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p a) the authority to act for another. b) a person authorised to act for another.
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\Hprude\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is, or pretends to be, unduly concerned with high standards of propriety in behaviour and speech. \Bprudish\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proo\j\b\idish), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bprudishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprudishness\j\b\i, \Bprudery\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hprudent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proo\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p acting with caution, foresight or discretion; mindful of consequences: 'it was not \Iprudent\j\b\i of you to reveal the secret'. \Bprudently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bprudence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bprudential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i proo-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing good sense.
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\Hprune (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a purplish-black dried plum.
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\Hprune (2)\h
\Pverb\p to cut branches or parts off plants, especially to promote later growth.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we must try to \Iprune\j\b\i our expenses' (= reduce, cut down on).
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\Hprurient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1proo\j\b\iri-ent \Padjective\p obsessed by sexual or erotic thoughts, desires, etc. \Bprurience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipruriens\j\b\i itching
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\HPrussian blue\h
a deep greenish-blue colour or pigment.
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\Hpry (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpried\j\b\i, \Bprying\j\b\i)
to look or ask with excessive curiosity. \Bpryingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpry (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpried\j\b\i, \Bprying\j\b\i)
to prise or lever.
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\Hpsalm\h
\Isay\j\b\i sahm \Pnoun\p a sacred song or hymn. \Bpsalmist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who writes psalms.
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\Hp's and q's\h
\Isay\j\b\i peez and kewz manners.
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\Hpsephology\h
\Isay\j\b\i sef-\CX1foll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the analysis of election results and voting habits. Greek \Ipsephos\j\b\i a pebble (used in voting) + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hpseudo-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1syoo\j\b\i-doe \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sue\j\b\i-doe a prefix meaning false or pretended, as in \Ipseudonym\j\b\i.
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\Hpseudocode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1syoo\j\b\i-doe-kode \Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the use of English to set out the structure of a program or solution so that it can be put into a computer language.
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\Hpseudonym\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1syoo\j\b\i-d'nim \Pnoun\p also called a \Bpen-name\j\b\i or a \Bnom de plume\j\b\i
a name assumed by an author to protect his or her anonymity.
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\Hpsittacosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sitta-\CX1ko\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p also called \Bparrot fever\j\b\i
an infectious viral disease of birds, easily transmitted to humans and causing fever and coughing. Greek \Ipsittakos\j\b\i a parrot + \B-osis\j\b\i
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\Hpsych\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i'k \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to motivate others using psychological techniques, especially to improve performance in a competition, etc: 'the coach \Ipsyched\j\b\i the team into a winning display of diving'. b) to encourage oneself to perform better using similar techniques: 'Jessie \Ipsyched\j\b\i herself up for her last throw of the day'. c) to make an opponent worried or unsure using the same techniques: 'I had him \Ipsyched\j\b\i out in the first round'.
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\Hpsyche\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p the soul, spirit or mind. Greek, breath, life
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\Hpsychedelic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ka-\CX1dell\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) of greatly increased consciousness, sensitivity or perception. b) relating to any drug or other agent that brings about this state.
\CX12.\j\b\i having vivid or luminous colours and shapes. \Bpsyche-\j\b\i + Greek \Ideloein\j\b\i to reveal
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\Hpsychiatry\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1kie\j\b\i-a-tree \Pnoun\p the branch of medicine which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. \Bpsychiatrist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpsychiatric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-kee-\CX1at\j\b\irik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-kik \Padjective\p psychical \CX11.\j\b\i a) having supernatural or extrasensory powers. b) relating to or produced by such powers.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the mind or self.
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\Hpsycho-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ko a prefix meaning psyche, as in \Ipsychology\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychoanalysis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-a\CX1nall\j\b\ia-sis \Pnoun\p short form is \Banalysis\j\b\i
a method of treatment in psychotherapy, concerned with the role of unconscious motives in behaviour. \Bpsychoanalyse\j\b\i, \Bpsychoanalyze\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bpsychoanalyst\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychology\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the branch of science which studies consciousness and behaviour. \BClinical psychology\j\b\i is concerned with the understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
\CX12.\j\b\i the actual mental processes of a particular person or group. \Bpsychologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained in psychology; \Bpsychological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to psychology or the mind; \Bpsychologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychopathic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-\CX1path\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a personality) appearing normal, but marked by a lack of social responsibility and an inability to relate closely to other people.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to any mental disorder. \Bpsychopath\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychopathology\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-pa\CX1tholl\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the investigation, understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
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\Hpsychosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1ko\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpsychoses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1ko\j\b\i-seez)
a term for all mental disorders other than neuroses, including schizophrenia and manic-depression. \Bpsychotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1kott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hpsychosomatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-so\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p (of a physical illness) caused or affected by the patient's mental or emotional condition, rather than physical factors.
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\Hpsychotherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-ko-\CX1therr\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p the treatment of mental disorders using psychological methods.
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\Hpterodactyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i terra-\CX1dak\j\b\itil \Pnoun\p a large, long-extinct, flying reptile with a bird-like head, and each of whose wings consisted of a flap of skin extending from the body to the long outer finger. Greek \Ipteron\j\b\i wing + \Idaktylos\j\b\i finger
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\Hptyalin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-a-lin \Pnoun\p an enzyme found in saliva, converting starch into sugar as the first stage of digestion.
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\Hpub\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a hotel.
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\Hpuberty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-ba-tee \Pnoun\p the period of developing sexual maturity, ending when an individual is able to produce an offspring. Latin \Ipuber\j\b\i adult
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\Hpubes\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-beez \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) the hair-covered region where the legs join the trunk. b) the hair itself.
#
\Hpubescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i pew-\CX1bess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i approaching or undergoing puberty.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i being covered with soft, fine hair. \Bpubescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpubic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-bik \Padjective\p of or relating to the pubis or pubes.
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\Hpubis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-bis \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the arch of bone in the front of the region where the legs join the trunk.
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\Hpublic\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or for all the people of a place or country: '\Ipublic\j\b\i transport'.
\CX12.\j\b\i open to any or all people: 'a \Ipublic\j\b\i meeting'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the matter became a \Ipublic\j\b\i scandal' (= widespread, well-known).
\Bpublic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the people belonging to a particular community or country.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the film-going \Ipublic\j\b\i' (= people).
\Bin public\j\b\i, openly, in front of other people.
#
\Hpublican\h
\Pnoun\p a person who runs or owns a hotel.
#
\Hpublication\h
\Isay\j\b\i publi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) anything which is published, such as a book or magazine. b) the act of publishing: 'he prepared his novel for \Ipublication\j\b\i'.
#
\Hpublic bar\h
the cheapest bar in a hotel.
#
\Hpublic domain\h
(of print, software and other recording forms) not subject to copyright, and therefore able to be freely copied, used or distributed.
#
\Hpublic house\h
a hotel or inn where alcoholic liquor is served.
#
\Hpublicity\h
\Isay\j\b\i pub-\CX1liss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) the bringing of something to the attention of the public by advertising, news items, etc. b) the public notice or attention resulting from this. \Bpublicise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pub\j\b\ili-size), \Bpublicize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to advertise or give publicity to.
#
\Hpublic prosecutor\h
the law officer who conducts criminal prosecutions in cases of importance or great difficulty.
#
\Hpublic relations\h
the practice or techniques of establishing a favourable image or relationship for a company, government, etc. with the community.
#
\Hpublic school\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a school run by the government, at which no fees are paid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large private school.
#
\Hpublic service\h
also called the \Bcivil service\j\b\i
the government departments in charge of administration. \Bpublic servant\j\b\i, a person who works in the public service.
#
\Hpublic-spirited\h
\Padjective\p eager to act in the interests of the public.
#
\Hpublish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to organise the printing of a book, magazine, newspaper, etc. for distribution to the public.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make known, spread abroad, divulge.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be the author of: 'she has \Ipublished\j\b\i only a couple of books so far'.
\Bpublisher\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or company that publishes.
#
\Hpuce\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pewce\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a dark, purplish-brown colour. \Bpuce\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuck\h
\Pnoun\p the flat rubber disc used instead of a ball in ice hockey.
#
\Hpucker\h
\Pverb\p to gather into wrinkles.
\Bpucker up\j\b\i, 'she \Ipuckered up\j\b\i her lips to kiss him' (= pursed). \Bpucker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuckish\h
\Padjective\p mischievous or impish. after \IPuck\j\b\i, a mischievous elf
#
\Hpudding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a dessert made from flour, milk and eggs, usually with added flavouring or fruit. b) any dessert.
\CX12.\j\b\i a type of sausage filled with spiced minced meat, oatmeal, blood, etc.
#
\Hpuddle\h
\Pnoun\p a small pool of liquid, especially muddy rainwater.
\Bpuddle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to mix clay or sand with water.
#
\Hpuerile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-rile \Padjective\p foolishly childish or trivial.
#
\Hpuff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short, quick release of breath, air, smoke, etc.: 'a \Ipuff\j\b\i of wind'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any soft, rounded mass or part.
\CX13.\j\b\i a powder puff.
\Bpuff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make puffs: a) 'she \Ipuffed\j\b\i after running uphill'; b) 'he began to \Ipuff\j\b\i as he carried the suitcase'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to inhale a small amount of smoke through a pipe or cigarette.
\Bpuff up\j\b\i, to swell or become inflated. \Bpuffed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) out of breath; \Bpuffed-up\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, inflated or swollen.
#
\Hpuffball\h
\Pnoun\p a type of fungus with a ball-like body which releases a cloud of spores when broken.
#
\Hpuffin\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jauk\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuffy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i short of breath.
\CX12.\j\b\i swollen or distended: 'after the bee sting my face became \Ipuffy\j\b\i'.
#
\Hpug\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a breed of dogs with a flat, wrinkled face, short hair and tightly curled tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a railway engine.
\Bpug nose\j\b\i
a short, squat nose. \Bpug-nosed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i pug-\CX1nay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p quarrelsome or aggressive. \Bpugnaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpugnaciousness\j\b\i, \Bpugnacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pug-\CX1nass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Ipugna\j\b\i fight
#
\Hpuke\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to vomit.
#
\Hpukka\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1puck\j\b\i-a \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) stiffly conservative or formal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i good or reliable.
#
\Hpull\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i wool \Pverb\p to bring towards or after oneself or in a particular direction: 'the horse \Ipulled\j\b\i a cart'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Ipulled\j\b\i a rude face' (= made).
b) 'I've \Ipulled\j\b\i a muscle' (= strained).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the jockey \Ipulled\j\b\i his horse during the race' (= held back).
d) 'he \Ipulled\j\b\i on his cigarette' (= inhaled).
e) 'the car \Ipulled\j\b\i out onto the road' (= moved).
f) 'she \Ipulled\j\b\i a knife on me' (= drew out).
g) 'what trick are you \Ipulling\j\b\i now' (= attempting, effecting).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpull apart, pull to pieces\j\b\i, a) to divide or separate into pieces; b) to analyse critically and in detail.
\Bpull down\j\b\i, a) to demolish; b) 'the illness \Ipulled\j\b\i me \Idown\j\b\i (= weakened).
\Bpull off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to succeed in doing something.
\Bpull oneself together\j\b\i, to recover self-control.
\Bpull over\j\b\i, (of a vehicle or driver) to move to one side of the road and stop.
\Bpull rank\j\b\i, See \Jrank (1)\j\b\i.
\Bpull strings\j\b\i, see {\string\j\b\i.
\Bpull through\j\b\i, to recover from an illness or hardship.
\Bpull up\j\b\i, a) to stop; b) to correct or rebuke.
\Bpull\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of pulling: 'he gave a \Ipull\j\b\i on the rope'. b) the act of drawing in, e.g. liquid or smoke into the mouth.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i See \Jproof\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i See \Jhook\j\b\i.
#
\Hpull-down menu\h
See \Jmenu\j\b\i.
#
\Hpullet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1p\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p a young hen.
#
\Hpulley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1p\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a wheel or system of wheels with grooves in the rim for ropes or chains, used to lift weights, apply force, etc.
#
\HPullman\h
\Pnoun\p a well-appointed railway carriage, especially a sleeping or dining car. designed by \IGeorge Pullman\j\b\i, 1831-97, an American industrialist
#
\Hpullover\h
\Pnoun\p a jumper.
#
\Hpulmonary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pul\j\b\i-m'n-ree \Padjective\p of or relating to the lungs.
#
\Hpulp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the fleshy part of a fruit.
\CX12.\j\b\i any soft, moist mass of substance, such as wood which is treated to be made into paper.
\Bpulp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to make into or become pulp: 'old newspapers are often \Ipulped\j\b\i and reprocessed'. b) to remove the pulp from fruit, etc.
\Bpulpy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or like pulp.
#
\Hpulpit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1p\Iu\j\b\ill\j\b\i-pit \Pnoun\p a stone or timber enclosure with a desk, reached by steps and used for preaching sermons in church.
#
\Hpulsar\h
\Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a star which emits enormously powerful radio signals in pulses of extreme regularity, having many bizarre features indicative of some final stage in stellar evolution. \Bpuls\j\b\i(ating) (st)ar
#
\Hpulsate\h
\Isay\j\b\i pul\CX1sate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to expand and contract regularly, as the heart or an artery does.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the town \Ipulsated\j\b\i with activity' (= vibrated). \Bpulsation\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of pulsating, b) a single throb or vibration.
#
\Hpulse (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the rhythmic movement in the arteries, caused by the beating of the heart as it pumps the blood through them. b) a single throb.
\CX12.\j\b\i any strong rhythm: 'the \Ipulse\j\b\i of city life'.
\Bpulse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to throb, especially strongly.
#
\Hpulse (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the edible seeds of plants such as peas, beans and lentils.
#
\Hpulse-jet\h
\Pnoun\p a jet engine which is thrust forward in periodic bursts as pressure is built up in the combustion chamber.
#
\Hpulverise\h
\Pverb\p pulverize to grind or crush a substance into a powder.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the boxer \Ipulverised\j\b\i his opponent' (= utterly defeated). \Bpulveriser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpulverisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmountain lion\j\b\i
a flesh-eating American mammal of the cat family, with a tawny coat.
#
\Hpumice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pumm\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a light, porous volcanic rock used as an abrasive.
#
\Hpummel\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpummelled\j\b\i, \Bpummelling\j\b\i)
also spelt \Bpommel\j\b\i
to hit or beat repeatedly with the fists.
#
\Hpump (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices for moving a liquid or a gas through a pipe: 'a petrol \Ipump\j\b\i'.
\Bpump\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to transfer or supply with or as if with a pump: a) '\Ipump\j\b\i air into the tyres'; b) 'they \Ipumped\j\b\i Clyde full of bullets'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ipumped\j\b\i my hand vigorously' (= moved up and down).
b) 'try and \Ipump\j\b\i her for information' (= question forcefully).
#
\Hpump (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a light dancing shoe made of satin or shiny leather.
#
\Hpumpernickel\h
\Pnoun\p a dark rye-bread. German
#
\Hpumpkin\h
\Pnoun\p a large vegetable with firm orange flesh.
#
\Hpun\h
\Pnoun\p a clever or humorous play on the meanings of words which sound or look similar, as in Belloc's suggested epitaph for himself: 'His sins were scarlet but his books were \Iread\j\b\i'. \Bpun\j\b\i (\Bpunned\j\b\i, \Bpunning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a pun or puns.
#
\Hpunch (1)\h
\Pverb\p to hit hard with the fist.
\Bpunch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a blow with the fist.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the speech had quite a bit of \Ipunch\j\b\i' (= effect, force).
#
\Hpunch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a tool or machine for cutting holes, stamping designs, etc. \Bpunch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pierce or stamp with or as if with a punch.
#
\Hpunch (3)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various spiced drinks made with a combination of fruit juices, wine or spirits.
#
\Hpunch card\h
a card punched with holes representing information, used in computers and other devices.
#
\Hpunch-drunk\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i suffering from a form of brain damage due to repeated blows on the head.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dazed.
#
\Hpunching bag\h
a heavy, suspended, stuffed bag, punched by boxers in training.
#
\Hpunch line\h
the final line or sentence of a joke on which the whole joke depends.
#
\Hpunch-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fight.
#
\Hpunctilious\h
\Isay\j\b\i punk-\CX1till\j\b\iius \Padjective\p very careful about small details. \Bpunctilio\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, exact detail.
#
\Hpunctual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1punk\j\b\itew-ul \Padjective\p prompt or arriving at the correct time: 'please be \Ipunctual\j\b\i in your payments'.
\Bpunctually\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
on time: 'she arrived \Ipunctually\j\b\i at 6 o'clock'. \Bpunctuality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i punktew-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpunctuate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1punk\j\b\itew-ate \Pverb\p to divide a sentence or paragraph with marks, such as full stops and commas, to make the meaning clearer.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ipunctuated\j\b\i her speech with short silences' (= interrupted).
inflicting or serving as punishment: '\Ipunitive\j\b\i action'. \Bpunishable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, liable to punishment.
#
\Hpunk (1)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a worthless person. b) a petty criminal. \Bpunk\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthless or wretched.
#
\Hpunk (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an extreme type of urban pop culture characterised by deliberate ugliness or aggressiveness in appearance, behaviour and language.
\Bpunk rock\j\b\i is a type of pop music reflecting punk attitudes. \Bpunk rocker\j\b\i.
#
\Hpunnet\h
\Pnoun\p a small squarish container, such as those used to hold strawberries.
#
\Hpunt (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow, flat-bottomed boat which is moved along by pushing a long pole against the bottom of the river, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i a kick in Australian Rules and Rugby, in which the ball is dropped and kicked before it reaches the ground. \Bpunt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpunt (2)\h
\Pverb\p to gamble or bet, especially on horseraces. \Bpunt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bpunter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who punts.
#
\Hpuny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-nee \Padjective\p small and weak.
#
\Hpup\h
\Pnoun\p a puppy.
#
\Hpupa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ipa \Pnoun\p plural is \Bpupae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-pee)
the resting stage between larva and adult in some insects, during which great developmental changes occur. Compare \Jchrysalis\j\b\i. \Bpupate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pew\CX1pate\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to become a pupa; \Bpupation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpupil (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ipil \Pnoun\p a person who is learning, especially in a school.
#
\Hpupil (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ipil \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the opening of the iris which allows light through to the retina of the eye, appearing as a black hole.
#
\Hpuppet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hollow doll worn on the hand with its head and arms moved by the operator's fingers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a doll whose legs and arms are moved with strings or sticks. Also called a \Bmarionette\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person or group controlled or manipulated by another. \Bpuppeteer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who manipulates puppets; \Bpuppetry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuppy\h
\Pnoun\p the young of a dog, shark, etc.
\Bpuppy fat\j\b\i
a fatness or plumpness in childhood or adolescence.
\Bpuppy love\j\b\i
the sentimental love or infatuation of young people.
#
\Hpurblind\h
\Padjective\p partially blind.
#
\Hpurchase\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ichis \Pverb\p to buy.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they fought to \Ipurchase\j\b\i victory' (= achieve).
\Bpurchase\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of buying: 'the \Ipurchase\j\b\i of goods by post'. b) something which is bought.
\CX12.\j\b\i leverage; a position enabling one to exert force. \Bpurchaser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hpurdah\h
\Pnoun\p \IHindu, Moslem:\j\b\i a) a curtain or screen hiding women of rank from the sight of men. b) the system of such seclusion.
#
\Hpure\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unmixed with any other substance: '\Ipure\j\b\i orange juice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i abstract or theoretical: '\Ipure\j\b\i maths'. Compare \Japplied\j\b\i under \Bapply\j\b\i.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you're talking \Ipure\j\b\i nonsense' (= utter).
b) 'she writes with a \Ipure\j\b\i style' (= clear, simple).
the state or quality of being pure. \Bpurely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpuree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-ray \Pnoun\p purΘe \ICooking:\j\b\i any fruit or vegetables mashed or sieved to a smooth cream. French, strained
#
\Hpurgative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\iga-tiv \Padjective\p purging or cleansing, especially of the bowels.
\Bpurgative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something, such as a laxative, which cleanses or purges.
#
\Hpurgatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\iga-tree \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a place or condition in which it is believed that the souls of dead people are purified. \Bpurgatorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i perga-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or like purgatory, b) cleansing.
#
\Hpurge\h
\Isay\j\b\i perj \Pverb\p to get rid of unclean or impure elements: a) 'to \Ipurge\j\b\i the body with medicine'; b) 'they \Ipurged\j\b\i the group of traitors'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you will have to \Ipurge\j\b\i your crime' (= atone for).
\Bpurge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a cleansing or purifying: 'a political \Ipurge\j\b\i took place after the revolution'. \Bpurgation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\i-reen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an organic compound whose derivatives, \Badenine\j\b\i and \Bguanine\j\b\i, are important coding units in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
#
\Hpurist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\irist \Pnoun\p a person who insists on absolute perfection or purity, as in language, method, etc.
#
\Hpuritan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\iri-t'n \Pnoun\p a person who is excessively strict in regard to morals, religion, etc. \Bpuritanical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pewri-\CX1tann\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bpuritanically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpurity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\iri-tee \Pnoun\p See \Jpure\j\b\i.
#
\Hpurl (1)\h
\Pverb\p to flow or ripple with a murmuring sound, as a shallow stream over stones. \Bpurl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the sound of this.
#
\Hpurl (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a stitch made by knitting into the back of a stitch. \Bpurl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hpurlieus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1perl\j\b\i-yooz plural \Pnoun\p the outskirts or environs. Old French \Ipourallee\j\b\i beating the bounds (confused with \Ilieu\j\b\i place)
#
\Hpurlin\h
\Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i a beam which crosses rafters and supports roofing material.
the gist or meaning of something: 'what was the \Ipurport\j\b\i of his speech?'.
#
\Hpurpose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1per\j\b\ipus \Pnoun\p something which forms the basis or reason for some action, event, etc.: 'what is the \Ipurpose\j\b\i of your visit?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is weak of \Ipurpose\j\b\i' (= will).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon purpose\j\b\i, deliberately.
\Bto little purpose\j\b\i, with little or no result or effect.
\Bto the purpose\j\b\i, 'what you say is not \Ito the purpose\j\b\i' (= relevant).
\Bpurpose\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to have as a purpose.
\Bpurposely\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i on purpose: 'you hit her \Ipurposely\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i carefully or specifically: 'I \Ipurposely\j\b\i asked you to remember'. \Bpurposeful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having a purpose, b) determined or resolute; \Bpurposefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpurposefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bpurposely, purposefully\j\b\i have similar but distinct meanings. \IPurposely\j\b\i means intentionally or on purpose: 'I \Ipurposely\j\b\i asked them all to arrive at the same time'. \IPurposefully\j\b\i means full of determination or strong intention: 'knowing that he was in his office, she marched \Ipurposefully\j\b\i up the corridor'.
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\Hpurr\h
\Pverb\p to make a low vibrating sound, as a cat does in pleasure or satisfaction. \Bpurr\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpurse\h
\Pnoun\p a small bag for carrying money, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that car is beyond my \Ipurse\j\b\i' (= finances).
b) 'the race was for a \Ipurse\j\b\i of $1000' (= prize).
\Bpurse strings\j\b\i, power or authority to control the use of money.
\Bpurse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to draw into folds or wrinkles.
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\Hpurser\h
\Pnoun\p a ship's officer in charge of accounts.
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\Hpursuance\h
\Isay\j\b\i per-\CX1sew\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \Bin the pursuance of\j\b\i, in the carrying out of something, such as a plan, duty, etc.
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\Hpursuant\h
\Padjective\p \Bpursuant to\j\b\i, in accordance or agreement with.
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\Hpursue\h
\Pverb\p (\Bpursued\j\b\i, \Bpursuing\j\b\i)
to go after in order to catch up with, capture or kill: 'the bank robbers were \Ipursued\j\b\i by the police'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'bad luck \Ipursues\j\b\i her everywhere' (= follows, stays with).
b) 'I shall continue to \Ipursue\j\b\i my enquiries' (= carry on).
c) 'he \Ipursued\j\b\i pleasure all his life' (= sought, aimed at).
\Bpursuit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of pursuing: 'we are in \Ipursuit\j\b\i of the thieves'. b) an activity or profession: 'she spends her time in scientific \Ipursuits\j\b\i'. Latin \Ipersecutus\j\b\i followed to the end
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\Hpurulent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ira-l'nt \Padjective\p containing or forming pus. \Bpurulence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpurvey\h
\Isay\j\b\i per\CX1vay\j\b\i \Pverb\p to supply or provide, especially food. \Bpurveyor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who purveys; \Bpurveyance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of purveying, b) the goods and provisions purveyed.
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\Hpus\h
\Pnoun\p a thick, yellowish-white substance containing dead bacteria and white blood cells, produced in abscesses, pimples, boils, etc.
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\Hpush\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move by force: 'help me \Ipush\j\b\i the car uphill'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'don't \Ipush\j\b\i your luck' (= rely too much on).
b) 'the shop is \Ipushing\j\b\i a new product' (= promoting).
c) 'the photographer \Ipushes\j\b\i illegal drugs' (= sells).
d) 'the army \Ipushed\j\b\i into the enemy territory' (= forced a way).
e) 'don't \Ipush\j\b\i me too hard or you'll be sorry' (= test, antagonise).
f) 'I'm \Ipushed\j\b\i for time' (= lacking).
g) 'he's \Ipushing\j\b\i 30' (= approaching).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to make a stiff, driving stroke at the ball in golf, cricket, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpush off\j\b\i, to move away or leave.
\Bpush on\j\b\i, to continue or proceed.
\Bpush\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of pushing: 'give the car a \Ipush\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I'm in a bit of a \Ipush\j\b\i' (= difficulty).
b) 'she has a lot of \Ipush\j\b\i' (= energy, drive).
\Bat a push\j\b\i, if absolutely necessary. \Bpushy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, assertive or aggressive.
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\Hpushbike\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a bicycle.
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\Hpusher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that pushes.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who sells drugs illegally.
\CX13.\j\b\i a low, long-handled seat on wheels, for small children to sit in while being pushed. Also called a \Bstroller\j\b\i.
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\Hpush-over\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) anything which is done very easily. b) a person, team, etc. that is easily defeated.
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\Hpushrod\h
\Pnoun\p a rod which is moved by the camshaft to operate the valves in an internal combustion engine.
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\Hpusillanimous\h
\Isay\j\b\i pewsi-\CX1lann\j\b\ii-mus \Padjective\p cowardly or timid. \Bpusillanimously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bpusillanimity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pew-silla-\CX1nimm\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ipusillus\j\b\i petty + \Ianimus\j\b\i spirit
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\Hpuss (1)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpussy\j\b\i
a cat.
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\Hpuss (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the face.
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\Hpussyfoot\h
\Pverb\p to act cautiously or timidly. \Bpussyfoot\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hpussywillow\h
\Pnoun\p a European tree with silky flowers without petals.
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\Hpustule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pust\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p a small swelling in the skin, containing pus.
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\Hput\h
\Pverb\p (\Bput\j\b\i, \Bputting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move something to a particular position: a) 'let's \Iput\j\b\i the picture here'; b) '\Iput\j\b\i that chair down'; c) 'she \Iput\j\b\i money in the bank'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make someone do or experience something: a) 'they were \Iput\j\b\i to death at dawn'; b) 'I'll \Iput\j\b\i you to work in the garden'; c) 'you've \Iput\j\b\i me to a lot of trouble'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Iput\j\b\i your request in writing' (= express).
b) 'I \Iput\j\b\i the crowd at 750' (= estimate).
c) 'she \Iput\j\b\i $20 on the winner' (= bet).
d) 'I'll \Iput\j\b\i a stop to this' (= make, force).
e) 'to what use will you \Iput\j\b\i it?' (= apply).
f) 'she \Iput\j\b\i the shot' (= hurled, cast).
g) 'I'd like to \Iput\j\b\i a question' (= ask).
h) '\Iput\j\b\i the idea to her after tea' (= suggest).
i) 'the boat \Iput\j\b\i to sea' (= moved, went out).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bput about\j\b\i, a) to circulate a rumour, etc.; b) (of a ship) to change direction.
\Bput across\j\b\i, to communicate.
\Bput aside\j\b\i, \Bput by\j\b\i, to save or store up.
\Bput down\j\b\i, a) to suppress; b) 'I \Iput\j\b\i her actions \Idown\j\b\i to shyness' (= attribute); c) 'the old horse was \Iput down\j\b\i' (= destroyed); d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise or belittle.
\Bput in\j\b\i, a) 'what job have you \Iput in\j\b\i for?' (= applied); b) 'we \Iput in\j\b\i a good day's work' (= did).
\Bput it past\j\b\i, 'I wouldn't \Iput it past\j\b\i her' (= think it unlikely for).
\Bput off\j\b\i, a) 'the meeting was \Iput off\j\b\i until tomorrow' (= postponed); b) 'the smell \Iput\j\b\i me \Ioff\j\b\i the meal' (= discouraged).
\Bput on\j\b\i, a) 'he \Iput on\j\b\i an air of humility' (= assumed); b) 'our school \Iputs on\j\b\i a play every year' (= stages). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bput-on\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pretence.
\Bput out\j\b\i, a) '\Iput out\j\b\i that fire' (= end, cause to stop burning); b) 'I hope we have not \Iput\j\b\i you \Iout\j\b\i' (= inconvenienced).
\Bput up\j\b\i, a) 'who will \Iput up\j\b\i the money?' (= provide); b) 'where will you \Iput up\j\b\i for the night?' (= sleep); c) 'who \Iput\j\b\i you \Iup\j\b\i to this?' (= persuaded to do); d) 'the building was \Iput up\j\b\i last year' (= erected).
\Bput upon\j\b\i, 'don't let them \Iput upon\j\b\i you' (= take advantage of).
\Bput up with\j\b\i, to tolerate. \Bput\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a throw or cast, especially when throwing a weight or shot.
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\Hputative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\ita-tiv \Padjective\p supposed or reputed: 'she is his \Iputative\j\b\i wife'.
to rot or decay. \Bputrefaction\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pewtri-\CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hputrid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pew\j\b\itrid \Padjective\p rotten, decayed or foul-smelling.
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\HPutsch\h
\Isay\j\b\i p\Iu\j\b\itch \Pnoun\p a coup d'Θtat. Swiss-German, a thrust, blow
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\Hputt\h
\Pverb\p \IGolf:\j\b\i to strike the ball towards the hole when on the green. \Bputt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bputter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a straight, iron-headed club used for putting.
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\Hputty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soft, easily moulded mixture, usually of linseed oil and ground chalk, used to secure window panes, fill holes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is easily influenced, formed, etc.
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\Hput-up job\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a secretly planned deception.
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\Hpuzzle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any toy or game requiring skill to solve, such as a crossword or jigsaw.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is hard to understand.
\Bpuzzle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to be or cause to be unable to understand: 'her strange behaviour \Ipuzzles\j\b\i me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to think deeply and work something out: 'I'll \Ipuzzle\j\b\i over the problem and give you an answer tomorrow'.
\Bpuzzlement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the state of being puzzled. b) something puzzling. \Bpuzzler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a difficult question or problem.
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\HPygmy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pig\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p also spelt \BPigmy\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a member of a race of Negroes in equatorial Africa, growing only to about 1.5 m in height.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) any very small person or thing. \Bpygmy\j\b\i derives from Greek \IpugmΘ\j\b\i (a fist). \IPugmΘ\j\b\i then came to refer to a measure of length equal to the distance from the elbow to the knuckles. From this was formed \Ipugmaios\j\b\i, meaning small in stature, dwarfish. From the late 19th century, the name was applied to certain peoples of equatorial Africa.
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\Hpyjamas\h
\Isay\j\b\i pa-\CX1jah\j\b\imas plural \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bpajamas\j\b\i
a loose jacket and trousers for sleeping in. Urdu, leg clothes
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\Hpylon\h
\Pnoun\p a high tower or similar structure, especially one with a steel framework for carrying overhead cables. Greek, gateway
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\Hpyorrhoea\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-a-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p an infection of the gums, causing them to bleed easily and discharge pus around the base of the teeth. Greek \Ipyon\j\b\i pus + \Irhoia\j\b\i flowing
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\Hpyramid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pirr\j\b\ia-mid \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid or hollow body on a square base with sloping triangular faces which meet at the apex.
\CX12.\j\b\i any structure, arrangement, etc. with this form, especially the massive tombs of the ancient Egyptian queens and kings. \Bpyramid\j\b\i, \Bpyramidal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i pirra-\CX1midd\j\b\i'l), \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hpyramid selling\h
a confidence scheme whereby a prime operator sells agencies or franchises for further subdivision and sale until salespeople at the lowest level are left to try the actual goods or services.
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\Hpyre\h
\Isay\j\b\i pire \Pnoun\p a large pile of firewood, especially for burning a dead body. Greek \Ipyr\j\b\i fire
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\Hpyrethrin\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-\CX1ree\j\b\i-thren \Pnoun\p a white powder used as a contact insecticide, obtained from the flower heads of a plant (called pyrethrum) related to the chrysanthemum.
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\Hpyretic\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-\CX1rett\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of, relating to or producing fever.
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\HPyrex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-reks \Pnoun\p a heat-resistant glassware used for cooking. a trademark
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\Hpyridoxine\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-ree-\CX1dok\j\b\i-seen \Pnoun\p See \Jvitamin b\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i\j\b\i under \Bvitamin\j\b\i.
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\Hpyrimidine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-rimma-deen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an organic compound whose derivatives, \Bcytosine\j\b\i, \Bthymine\j\b\i and \Buracil\j\b\i, are important coding units in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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\Hpyrites\h
\Isay\j\b\i pie-\CX1rye\j\b\i-teez \Iand\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-a-rite \Pnoun\p pyrite also called \Bfool's gold\j\b\i
any natural sulphide of certain metals, such as of iron or copper, often golden in colour. Greek, of fire
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\Hpyromania\h
\Pnoun\p a mania for setting fire to things. Greek \Ipyros\j\b\i fire + \Bmania\j\b\i
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pirr\j\b\iik vikta-ree a victory gained at a great cost. after \IPyrrhus\j\b\i, who defeated the Romans in a battle in 279 \Bb.c\j\b\i. but lost many men
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\Hpython\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1pie\j\b\i-th'n \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, non-poisonous snakes found mostly in Africa and western Asia, which coil around and crush their victims. after \IPython\j\b\i, a huge monster in Greek mythology
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\Hqua\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwa conjunction in the role of: 'I ask you \Iqua\j\b\i doctor, not as my friend'. Latin
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\Hquack (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwak \Pverb\p to make the loud, harsh cry of a duck. \Bquack\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquack (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwak \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who pretends dishonestly to be competent in a skill, especially in medicine.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any medical doctor. \Bquack\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bquackery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquad (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwod \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a quadrangle.
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\Hquad (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwod \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a quadruplet.
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\Hquadrangle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\i-rang'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a closed, plane figure with four straight sides, especially a square or rectangle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a square, open space surrounded by buildings. \Bquadrangular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kwod-\CX1rang\j\b\i-gew-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bquadri\j\b\i + \Bangle\j\b\i
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\Hquadrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\i-r'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sector equal to a quarter of a circle, or a quarter of the circumference.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape of a quarter of a circle.
\CX13.\j\b\i an instrument used to measure angles of altitude in astronomy, navigation, etc. Latin \Iquadrans\j\b\i a fourth part
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\Hquadraphonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwodra-\CX1fonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to sound reproduction through four distinct sound sources. Compare \Jmonophonic\j\b\i and \Bstereophonic\j\b\i. \Bquadri\j\b\i- + Greek \IphonΘ\j\b\i sound
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\Hquadrat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\i-rit \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a square or rectangular area of land used to sample the ecosystem.
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\Hquadrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\i-rit \Padjective\p square or rectangular. \Bquadrate\j\b\i, \Bquadrat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bquadrature\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\ira-cher), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of squaring.
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\Hquadrathon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwod\j\b\ire-thon \Pnoun\p a marathon race with four different types of events.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i (of an expression) involving a variable whose power is not greater than 2. \Bquadratic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Maths) a quadratic equation.
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\Hquadri-\h
a prefix meaning four, as in \Iquadrilateral\j\b\i.
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\Hquadrilateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwodri-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Pnoun\p any closed, plane figure with four straight sides. \Bquadrilateral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having four sides. \Bquadri\j\b\i- + Latin \Ilateris\j\b\i of a side
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\Hquadrille\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwod-\CX1ril\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a dance for four couples. b) the music for such a dance. French
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\Hquadriplegic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwodri-\CX1plee\j\b\ijik \Padjective\p having the arms and legs paralysed. \Bquadriplegic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is quadriplegic; \Bquadriplegia\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bquadri\j\b\i- + Greek \IplegΘ\j\b\i a stroke
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\Hquadruped\h
\Pnoun\p any animal with four feet. \Bquadruped\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having four feet. \Bquadri\j\b\i- + Latin \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hquadruple\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwod-\CX1roo\j\b\i-p'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i consisting of four parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i being four times as big. \Bquadruple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bquadruple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquadruplet\h
\Pnoun\p any of four offspring born at one birth.
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\Hquadruplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwod-\CX1roo\j\b\ipli-kate \Pverb\p to make four times as big.
\Isay\j\b\i kwof \Pverb\p to drink at one go, or in large gulps.
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\Hquagmire\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwog\j\b\i-mire \Pnoun\p an area of soft, muddy ground.
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\Hquail (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwale \Pnoun\p a) a small, brown game-bird related to the partridge. b) any of various similar but unrelated birds in Australia and America.
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\Hquail (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwale \Pverb\p to feel or show fear.
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\Hquaint\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwaint \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i old-fashioned in an attractive way: 'she bought a \Iquaint\j\b\i little cottage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i curiously strange or unusual. \Bquaintly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bquaintness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquake\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwake \Pverb\p to shake or tremble: 'he \Iquaked\j\b\i with fear'.
\Bquake\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an earthquake.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shaking or trembling.
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\HQuaker\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kway\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p a member of the Society of Friends, a Christian sect rejecting formal belief, etc. and emphasising simple, personal experience of divine revelation. \BQuakerish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BQuakerism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. from George Fox's bidding to a magistrate to '\Iquake\j\b\i at the word of the Lord'
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\Hqualification\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwollifa-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a quality, accomplishment, etc. which makes a person suitable for a particular position or job.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of qualifying: 'her \Iqualification\j\b\i of the statement'. b) something which qualifies or modifies. Latin \Iqualitas\j\b\i quality + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
\CX11.\j\b\i to have the qualities or training necessary for something: a) 'she is 60 so she may \Iqualify\j\b\i for the old age pension'; b) 'she \Iqualified\j\b\i as a doctor after 6 years of studying'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to modify or limit: a) 'adverbs \Iqualify\j\b\i \Pverb\ps'; b) 'please \Iqualify\j\b\i your statement'. \Bqualifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquality\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwoll\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a characteristic.
\CX12.\j\b\i character with respect to excellence: 'meat of the highest \Iquality\j\b\i is very expensive'. \Bqualitative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwoll\j\b\iita-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or concerning quality or characteristics; \Bqualitatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hqualm\h
\Isay\j\b\i kw\CX1ahm\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a sudden misgiving or apprehensive feeling. b) a pang of conscience.
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\Hquandary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\ida-ree \Pnoun\p a state of uncertainty or perplexity.
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\Hquandong\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\i-dong \Pnoun\p a West Australian tree with edible fruit.
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\Hquango\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwang\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a government organisation which operates with some independence from the main area of government control. from \Bqu\j\b\i(asi)-a\j\b\i(utonomous) \Bn\j\b\i(ational) \Bg\j\b\i(overnment) \Bo\j\b\i(rganisation)
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\Hquanta\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\ita plural \Pnoun\p See \Jquantum\j\b\i.
to express as a quantity. Latin \Iquantus\j\b\i how much + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
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\Hquantity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\iti-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular or indefinite amount of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i a considerable amount: 'if you find gold in \Iquantity\j\b\i you will soon be rich'. \Bquantitative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\i-titta-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or concerning quantity.
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\Hquantity surveyor\h
a person who estimates the quantities and costs of materials required for the construction of a building.
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\Hquantum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwon\j\b\it'm \Pnoun\p plural is \Bquanta\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i quantity or amount.
\CX12.\j\b\i a share or portion.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the fundamental unit of quantity for the energy of atoms or parts of atoms.
\CX14.\j\b\i See \Jquantum theory\j\b\i.
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\Hquantum leap\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a sudden change in an atom, electron, etc. from one energy level to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) any sudden major advance in one's understanding. b) any sudden major change.
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\Hquantum theory\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the theory that the energy of electromagnetic waves (e.g. light) is emitted or absorbed not continuously but in separate packets (\Iquanta\j\b\i) the size of which is determined by the frequency of the radiation. See \Jwave mechanics\j\b\i.
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\Hquarantine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kworr\j\b\i'n-teen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a period of isolation imposed on people, animals or plants thought to have an infectious disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i a government system maintained at ports, etc. to prevent the spread of disease brought in from overseas. \Bquarantine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put in or subject to quarantine. Italian \Iquarantina\j\b\i 40 days (the original period of isolation)
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\Hquark\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwark \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i any of three hypothetical elementary particles suggested to be the basis of all other elementary particles.
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\Hquarrel (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kworr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an angry argument.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cause for argument or complaint: 'what is your \Iquarrel\j\b\i with the plan?'. \Bquarrel\j\b\i (\Bquarrelled\j\b\i, \Bquarrelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bquarrelsome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to quarrel. Latin \Iquerella\j\b\i a complaint
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\Hquarrel (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kworr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a short, heavy arrow used with a crossbow.
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\Hquarry (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwo\j\b\irree \Pnoun\p an open pit, formed as a result of stone, etc. being extracted by digging and blasting. \Bquarry\j\b\i (\Bquarried\j\b\i, \Bquarrying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to obtain stone from a quarry, b) to dig a quarry.
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\Hquarry (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwo\j\b\irree \Pnoun\p a person or animal that is hunted or pursued.
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\Hquart\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwort \Ior\j\b\i kort \Pnoun\p \IUnits:\j\b\i a) See \Jbushel\j\b\i. b) See \Jgallon\j\b\i. Latin \Iquartus\j\b\i fourth
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\Hquarter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwor\j\b\ita \Ior\j\b\i korta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of four equal parts into which something is divided.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the officers' \Iquarters\j\b\i' (= lodgings).
b) 'he lives in the Latin \Iquarter\j\b\i of Paris' (= district).
c) 'from what \Iquarter\j\b\i is your information?' (= area, source).
d) 'the soldiers gave no \Iquarter\j\b\i when they overran the enemy position' (= mercy).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a 25-cent coin.
\CX13.\j\b\i a unit of mass or weight equal to about 12.6 kg.
\Bclose quarters\j\b\i, a close position or contact.
\Bquarter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to divide into four equal parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i to billet troops. \Bquarter\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hquarterdeck\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a ship's upper deck abaft (behind) the after (hindmost) superstructure.
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\Hquarterfinal\h
\Pnoun\p the last competitions or matches played before a semifinal.
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\Hquarterly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwor\j\b\ita-lee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\ita-lee \Padjective\p a) of or occurring once in three months. b) every three months.
\Bquarterly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a magazine published four times a year. \Bquarterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hquartermaster\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IArmy:\j\b\i the officer in charge of stores, rations, camp-siting, allocation of quarters, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INavy:\j\b\i the petty officer in charge of steering, taking soundings, signalling, etc.
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\Hquarter note\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jcrotchet\j\b\i.
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\Hquarterstaff\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bquarterstaves\j\b\i
\IMedieval history:\j\b\i a long, heavy pole with an iron tip, used by villagers as a weapon and in fencing contests.
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\Hquartet\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwor-\CX1tet\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i kor-\CX1tet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of four musicians. b) a musical composition for four instruments.
a \Bstring quartet\j\b\i consists of two violins, a viola and a cello.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of four people or things.
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\Hquartile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwor\j\b\i-tile \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\i-tile \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a value which divides a distribution into four groups of equal frequency.
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\Hquarto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwor\j\b\i-toe \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kor\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p a paper size achieved by folding a sheet into four.
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\Hquartz\h
\Isay\j\b\i kworts \Ior\j\b\i korts \Pnoun\p a very common mineral, silicon dioxide (formula SiO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i), used in glass-making, abrasives, electronics, etc. See \Jamethyst\j\b\i and \Bchalcedony\j\b\i. German
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\Hquartz clock\h
an extremely precise clock deriving its accuracy from the constant frequency of the vibrations of a quartz crystal.
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\Hquasar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kway\j\b\i-sar \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a small, very distant star-like source of intense radio energy emitted at much longer intervals than those of a pulsar. \Bquas\j\b\i(i) (stell)ar\j\b\i (radio source)
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\Hquash (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwosh \Pverb\p to suppress completely.
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\Hquash (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwosh \Pverb\p \ILaw:\j\b\i to cancel a decision.
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\Hquasi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwa\j\b\i-zee \Ior\j\b\i \CX1kway\j\b\i-zigh \Padjective\p having a resemblance only: 'a \Iquasi-victory\j\b\i'. \Bquasi\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin, as if
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\HQuaternary\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwa-\CX1tern\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a geological period which began about 1.5 million years ago and contains the \BPleistocene\j\b\i and \BHolocene\j\b\i (or \BRecent\j\b\i) epochs.
\Bquaternary\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) consisting of four. b) arranged in fours.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) of or produced in the geological Quarternary.
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\Hquatrain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwot\j\b\i-rane \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a stanza with four lines.
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\Hquattrocento\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwotro-\CX1chen\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p the 15th century, especially in relation to Italian art of that time. Italian 400 (i.e. the 1400s)
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\Hquaver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kway\j\b\i-va \Pverb\p to shake or tremble.
\Bquaver\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sound that quavers.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a note with a half of the time value of a crotchet. In America called an \Beighth note\j\b\i. \Bquavery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, trembling.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily disturbed, shocked or made uncomfortable. \Bqueasily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bqueasiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hqueen\h
\Isay\j\b\i kween \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a female ruler of a country, usually inheriting her position and having authority throughout her lifetime. b) the wife of a king.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a playing card with a picture of a queen, usually having a value just below a king.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i the most powerful piece which may move any number of squares in any direction.
\CX14.\j\b\i a fertile female ant, bee, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sometimes derogatory\j\b\i) a male homosexual.
\Bqueen\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bqueen it\j\b\i, to act in an imperious or overbearing manner. \Bqueenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hqueen mother\h
the widow of a king, who is also the mother of a reigning monarch.
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\HQueen's Bench\h
a division of the United Kingdom High Court which deals with Common Law cases such as damages, debt, breach of contract, etc.
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\HQueen's Counsel\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i a title awarded to a barrister by the Government, usually as a mark of seniority.
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\HQueen's English\h
a standard form of written and spoken English considered to be correct and desirable.
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\HQueen's evidence\h
\ILaw:\j\b\i any evidence given by an accomplice in a crime against others who took part.
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\Hqueen-size\h
\Padjective\p queen-sized (of beds) larger than usual but smaller than king-size.
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\Hqueer\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i strange or unusual: 'she has some \Iqueer\j\b\i ideas'.
\CX12.\j\b\i suspicious: 'we could hear \Iqueer\j\b\i noises in the garden'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the paint fumes made her feel rather \Iqueer\j\b\i' (= faint, unwell).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) homosexual, especially a male.
\Bin queer street\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in debt.
\Bqueer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a homosexual. \Bqueerly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bqueerness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bqueer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spoil or ruin.
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\Hquell\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwel \Pverb\p to suppress or subdue.
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\Hquench\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwench \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put out fire, flames, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cool hot metal, etc. by plunging it in oil or water.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iquenched\j\b\i her thirst' (= satisfy).
b) 'her anger was \Iquenched\j\b\i by his kind words' (= ended).
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\Hquern\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwern \Pnoun\p a hand-operated mill for grinding corn.
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\Hquerulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwerr\j\b\ia-lus \Padjective\p complaining. \Bquerulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bquerulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hquery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kweer\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a question or enquiry.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a question mark. \Bquery\j\b\i (\Bqueried\j\b\i, \Bquerying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iquaere\j\b\i ask!
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\Hquest\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwest \Pnoun\p a search or pursuit: 'a \Iquest\j\b\i for gold'. \Bquest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to search. Latin \Iquaesitus\j\b\i searched for
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\Hquestion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwes\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sentence which asks something.
\CX12.\j\b\i a problem or subject for discussion, investigation, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i debate or dispute: 'your argument is open to \Iquestion\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it is simply a \Iquestion\j\b\i of turning up on time' (= matter).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbeyond question\j\b\i, without a doubt.
\Bcall in question\j\b\i, to challenge or cast doubt upon.
\Bin question\j\b\i, under consideration.
\Bout of the question\j\b\i, impossible. \Bquestion\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bquestionable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, open to question; \Bquestionably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bquestioning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, implying a question; \Bquestioningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iquaestio\j\b\i a seeking
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\Hquestion mark\h
also called a \Bquery\j\b\i or \Binterrogation mark\j\b\i
a punctuation mark (?), used when asking a question or expressing doubt.
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\Hquestionnaire\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwes-ch'n-\CX1air\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a set of questions, usually printed on a form, designed to obtain a person's opinion or gather information for a survey, statistics, etc. French
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\Hqueue\h
\Isay\j\b\i kew \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line of people, vehicles, etc. awaiting their turn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a single plait or pigtail of hair worn hanging down behind. \Bqueue\j\b\i (\Bqueued\j\b\i, \Bqueuing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to form in a line. French, tail
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\Hquibble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwibb\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to make petty distinctions or argue about unimportant details. \Bquibble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a petty distinction. \Bquibble\j\b\i is thought to have come from an obsolete word \Iquib\j\b\i, which was derived from \Iquibus\j\b\i (to whom or by whom), from Latin \Iqui\j\b\i. \IQuibus\j\b\i was frequently found in legal documents written in Latin, indicating that many questions were being asked on points of law - lawyers were quibbling.
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\Hquiche\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kee\j\b\i-sh \Pnoun\p a kind of savoury custard tart.
\CX12.\j\b\i being done in a short time: 'a \Iquick\j\b\i meal'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a \Iquick\j\b\i temper' (= impatient).
\CX13.\j\b\i understanding or learning with speed: 'she is \Iquick\j\b\i at figures'.
\Bquick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the tender skin under the nails.
\CX12.\j\b\i the living: 'the \Iquick\j\b\i and the dead'.
\Bcut to the quick\j\b\i, to hurt or upset deeply. \Bquick\j\b\i, \Bquickly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bquickness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquicken\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwikk\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become more rapid.
\CX12.\j\b\i to excite or stimulate feelings, etc.
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\Hquickie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwik\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something made or done very quickly.
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\Hquicklime\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bunslaked lime\j\b\i
a white substance, calcium oxide (formula CaO), formed by heating limestone and used to make mortar or cement.
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\Hquicksand\h
\Pnoun\p an area of wet sand which yields to pressure and tends to suck down any object resting on its surface.
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\Hquicksilver\h
\Pnoun\p mercury.
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\Hquickstep\h
\Pnoun\p a fast ballroom dance.
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\Hquid (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwid \Pnoun\p a lump of tobacco, etc. for chewing.
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\Hquid (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwid \Pnoun\p plural is \Bquid\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a one-pound note.
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\Hquid pro quo\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwid pro kwo one thing in return for another. Latin
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\Hquiescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwee-\CX1ess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p inactive or at rest. \Bquiescently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bquiescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hquiet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwy\j\b\i-et \Padjective\p having little or no sound or movement.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Iquiet\j\b\i afternoon reading' (= peaceful, tranquil).
b) 'the \Iquiet\j\b\i colours added warmth to the room' (= not bright).
\Bon the quiet\j\b\i, secretly. \Bquiet\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, peace or freedom from disturbance; \Bquiet\j\b\i, \Bquieten\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i, to make or become quiet; \Bquietly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bquietness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bquietude\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being calm or still. Latin \Iquietus\j\b\i at rest
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\Hquill\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwil \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the hard base of a feather where it is attached to the bird.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feather used as a pen for writing.
\CX13.\j\b\i one of the spines on a hedgehog or porcupine.
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\Hquilt\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwilt \Pnoun\p a) a bedspread with padding which is stitched into place between two layers of fabric. b) any bedspread. \Bquilt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to pad and stitch fabric into a quilt or quilt-like form; \Bquilted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hquin\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a quintuplet.
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\Hquince\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwince \Pnoun\p a yellow, somewhat pear-shaped fruit with an acid taste, used in jams and jellies.
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\Hquinella\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1ell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a form of betting in which one must select both the winner and the second place-getter in a race.
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\Hquinine\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1een\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a bitter, colourless drug used in medicine to treat and prevent malaria.
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\Hquinquennial\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1kwenn\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p of, for or occurring every five years. Latin \Iquinque\j\b\i five + \Iannus\j\b\i year
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\Hquinsy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwin\j\b\i-zee \Pnoun\p an abscess which causes swelling of the tonsils.
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\Hquintessence\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1tess\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the most essential part of a thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pure or perfect example: 'this rose is the \Iquintessence\j\b\i of beauty'. \Bquintessential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i kwinti-\CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Medieval Latin \Iquinta essentia\j\b\i the fifth element, of which the heavenly bodies were supposed to consist
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\Hquintet\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1tet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of five musicians. b) a musical composition for five instruments.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of five people or things. Latin \Iquintus\j\b\i fifth
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\Hquintuplet\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwin-\CX1tup\j\b\ilet \Pnoun\p any of five offspring born at one birth.
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\Hquip\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwip \Pnoun\p a witty or sarcastic remark. \Bquip\j\b\i (\Bquipped\j\b\i, \Bquipping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hquire (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwire \Pnoun\p a measure of paper containing 24 sheets.
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\Hquire (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwire \Pnoun\p an old word for choir.
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\Hquirk\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwerk \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a peculiarity of manner or action.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden twist or turn. \Bquirky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hquisling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwiz\j\b\i-ling \Pnoun\p a person who collaborates with an enemy occupying his or her country. after \IV. Quisling\j\b\i, 1887-1945, a Norwegian leader who helped the Germans in World War 2
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\Hquit\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwit \Pverb\p (\Bquit\j\b\i or \Bquitted\j\b\i, \Bquitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to leave or go away.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stop: '\Iquit\j\b\i talking and do some work'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was forced to \Iquit\j\b\i all of his shares' (=sell, get rid of). \Bquitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a person who gives up easily.
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\Hquite\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i completely or entirely: 'she has \Iquite\j\b\i recovered'.
\CX12.\j\b\i actually or really: 'I find the job \Iquite\j\b\i a bore'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to some extent: 'she is \Iquite\j\b\i sure of her subject, but is not an expert'.
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\Hquits\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwits \Padjective\p equal by paying or retaliating.
\Bcall it quits\j\b\i, to end or give up a contest, quarrel, etc.
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\Hquiver (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwivv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to tremble. \Bquiver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bquivery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hquiver (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwivv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a container for arrows.
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\Hquixotic\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwik-\CX1sott\j\b\iik \Padjective\p extravagantly romantic or idealistic. after \IDon Quixote\j\b\i, a chivalrous but impractical hero in a romantic novel by Cervantes
\CX12.\j\b\i teasing or mocking. \Bquizzically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hquizzing glass\h
a monocle.
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\Hquoin\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bcoign\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i koyn)
a projecting brick or stone at the corner of a building.
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\Hquoit\h
\Isay\j\b\i koyt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat ring made of rope or iron.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a game in which such rings are aimed and thrown around a peg.
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\Hquokka\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwokk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a short-tailed wallaby found on Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Aboriginal
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\Hquorum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwor\j\b\i-r'm \Pnoun\p the least number of people needed to make a formal meeting valid, e.g. in parliament or a club.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he surrounds himself with a \Iquorum\j\b\i of supporters' (= select group). Latin, of whom (from a legal phrase)
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\Hquota\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwo\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p an allotment: 'what is your \Iquota\j\b\i of work?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is the import \Iquota\j\b\i?' (= maximum number allowed). Latin \Iquot\j\b\i? how many?
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\Hquotation\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwo-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of quoting. b) the passage that is quoted.
\CX12.\j\b\i a statement of the current price of something.
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\Hquotation marks\h
also called \Binverted commas\j\b\i
the punctuation marks ('....') used to indicate spoken words or a quotation.
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\Hquote\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwote \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to repeat or copy exactly the writing or speech of another, usually with acknowledgement.
\CX12.\j\b\i to refer to for proof: 'I could \Iquote\j\b\i many more examples'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to state a price of goods or services: 'they \Iquoted\j\b\i $250 for the repair'. \Bquote\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hquoth\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwothe \Pverb\p an old word for said.
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\Hquotidian\h
\Isay\j\b\i kwot\CX1tidd\j\b\ii-an \Padjective\p daily. Latin
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\Hquotient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1kwo\j\b\i-sh'nt \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the result of division. Compare \Jproduct\j\b\i. Latin \Iquotiens\j\b\i? how many times?
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\Hqwerty keyboard\h
the arrangement of alphabet keys on most computer or typewriter keyboards. Q, W, E, R, T, Y are the first six letters of the top line of alphabet characters
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\Hrabbet\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrebate (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hrabbi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rab\j\b\i-eye \Pnoun\p plural is \Brabbis\j\b\i
a Jewish teacher of the Law, especially the ordained spiritual leader of a synagogue. \Brabbinical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1binn\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brabbinate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rabb\j\b\ii-nate), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the office of a rabbi, b) rabbis considered as a group. Hebrew, my master
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\Hrabbit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various small, long-eared, grass-eating mammals, often kept and bred as pets.
\CX12.\j\b\i the flesh or fur of this animal. \Brabbit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to hunt for rabbits.
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\Hrabble\h
\Pnoun\p a disorderly crowd.
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\Hrabble-rouser\h
\Pnoun\p a person who tries to incite mobs by arousing prejudices and passions.
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\HRabelaisian\h
\Isay\j\b\i rabba-\CX1lay\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p characterised by bawdy and boisterous humour. after \IF. Rabelais\j\b\i, 1494?-1553, a French satirist
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\Hrabid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rab\j\b\i-id \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i extreme, e.g. in opinion, etc.: 'he is a \Irabid\j\b\i conservative'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having rabies.
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\Hrabies\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-beez \Pnoun\p an infectious, viral disease of dogs, cats, etc. that may be transmitted to a human if bitten, causing convulsions, delirium and frothing at the mouth. Latin, madness, rage
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\Hraccoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1koon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p racoon a small, flesh-eating North American mammal with a bushy white tail with black rings.
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\Hrace (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a competition of speed.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a series of such competitions, especially between horses.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Irace\j\b\i for the presidency' (= competition, contest).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a swift current of water. b) a channel carrying water.
\CX14.\j\b\i a narrow passageway for directing livestock, such as one leading to a sheep dip.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i the groove in which ballbearings or a shuttle move.
\Brace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to compete in a race.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or cause to move, operate, etc. at a high speed. \Bracer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that races.
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\Hrace (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people having or supposed to have common ancestors and with similar physical characteristics.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group which shares some distinctive features: 'the human \Irace\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jsubspecies\j\b\i. \Bracial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bracially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hracecourse\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bracetrack\j\b\i
a place where races, especially horseraces, are held.
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\Hracily\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\isa-lee \Padverb\p See \Jracy\j\b\i.
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\Hracism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-sizm \Pnoun\p also called \Bracialism\j\b\i
a) any discrimination based on the supposed differences between races. b) any political or social system based on such discrimination. \Bracist\j\b\i, \Bracialist\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hrack (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a framework or shelf: 'a luggage \Irack\j\b\i in a train'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bar with teeth on one side, which engages with the teeth of a pinion, etc. A \Brack-and-pinion\j\b\i is a system for converting circular motion into linear motion, especially in the steering assembly of a motor vehicle.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device for torture which stretches the body.
\Bon the rack\j\b\i, suffering severely.
\Brack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to strain: 'I \Iracked\j\b\i my brain for a solution'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause to suffer distress: 'she was \Iracked\j\b\i with pain'.
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\Hrack (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bwrack\j\b\i
\Brack and ruin\j\b\i, a state of neglect and collapse.
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\Hrack (3)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jwrack (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hrack (4)\h
\Pverb\p to draw off wine, etc. from its sediment.
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\Hrack (5)\h
\Pnoun\p a cut of lamb, veal, etc. from the neck of the animal.
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\Hrack-and-pinion\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrack (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hracket (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loud noise or uproar.
\CX12.\j\b\i any scheme or activity to make money illegally or by exploitation. \Bracketeer\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rakka-\CX1teer\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person engaged in an illegal racket.
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) very good. b) excellent. c) exciting.
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\Hradar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dar \Pnoun\p a device used to track or locate objects which are out of sight, by measuring the time, etc. for a microwave to return from the object. \Bra\j\b\i(dio) \Bd\j\b\i(etection) \Ba\j\b\i(nd) \Br\j\b\i(anging)
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\Hradial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-al \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or arranged like rays or radii.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i of or relating to the radius of the forearm.
\Bradial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
short form of \Bradial-ply tyre\j\b\i
a thin-walled pneumatic tyre with a reinforced tread and fabric running across the line of the tyre. Latin \Iradius\j\b\i a wheel spoke, a ray
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\Hradian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-an \Pnoun\p the SI unit of plane angle, equal to 57.296░, which is the angle made at the centre of a circle by an arc the same length as the radius.
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\Hradiant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-ant \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i emitting or consisting of heat, light or other radiation.
\CX12.\j\b\i bright or lit up: 'a \Iradiant\j\b\i smile'. \Bradiantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bradiance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hradiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to spread out like rays from a centre.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give off rays, waves or particles.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iradiates\j\b\i health' (= has an obvious air of). \Bradiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of radiating, b) (Physics) any rays, energy or particles which are radiated.
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\Hradiation sickness\h
a disease due to exposure to large doses of radioactive matter or radiation, causing diarrhoea, anaemia and haemorrhage.
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\Hradiator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-ayta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that radiates.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various heating appliances, usually electric.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device for cooling liquids consisting of fine tubes through which the liquid flows, being cooled by air passed over the tubes: 'a motor car \Iradiator\j\b\i'.
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\Hradical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1radd\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fundamental: 'the plan failed because of a \Iradical\j\b\i fault'.
\CX12.\j\b\i favouring basic social or political change: 'his \Iradical\j\b\i ideas upset his conservative parents'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i of or relating to a root.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i of or arising from the root or the base of the stem of a plant.
\Bradical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who holds political beliefs which favour fundamental reform.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity expressed as a root, such as {\f14684 =\j\b\i3\Ix\j\b\i - 1.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i an atom or group of atoms, such as the methyl group, which acts as a unit in a chemical reaction and is incapable of existing independently beyond the reaction. Compare \Jion\j\b\i. \Bradically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hradicalism\h
\Pnoun\p the principles or practices of political radicals.
#
\Hradicchio\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1ditch\j\b\i-eeo \Ior\j\b\i ra-\CX1dik\j\b\i-eeo \Pnoun\p a red-leafed variety of chicory.
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\Hradices\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\idi-seez plural \Pnoun\p See \Jradix\j\b\i.
#
\Hradicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1radd\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the root of an embryo of a seed plant.
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\Hradii\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-eye plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bradius\j\b\i.
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\Hradio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the use of electromagnetic waves to send sounds or pictures without wires. b) sound broadcasting.
\CX12.\j\b\i a radio receiver. Also called a \Bwireless\j\b\i or (especially when portable) a \Btransistor\j\b\i.
\Bradio\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bradioed\j\b\i, \Bradioing\j\b\i)
to send a message by radio.
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\Hradioactivity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-ak-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the property of some atomic nuclei to break down into simpler nuclei and release alpha particles, beta particles, neutrinos or gamma rays. \Bradioactive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-\CX1ak\j\b\itiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hradio astronomy\h
the use of radio telescopes to pick up stellar radiations, thus making it possible to map regions of space, and leading to the discovery of quasars, pulsars, etc.
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\Hradiobiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-by-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the effect of radiation on organisms.
#
\Hradiocarbon dating\h
short form is \Bcarbon dating\j\b\i
a method of estimating the age of ancient animal or plant products by measuring their content of radioactive carbon.
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\Hradioelement\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-\CX1ell\j\b\ii-m'nt \Pnoun\p a) a radioactive element. b) a radioactive isotope.
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\Hradiogram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-o-gram \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument consisting of a radio and a record-player.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wireless telegram.
\CX13.\j\b\i an X-ray photograph.
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\Hradiography\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the production of pictures and images, especially of the interior of the body, using X-rays or other radioactive rays. \Bradiographer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hradioisotope\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-\CX1eye\j\b\i-so-tope \Pnoun\p a radioactive isotope, usually produced artificially.
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\Hradiological\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to radiology.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to radioactive substances.
#
\Hradiology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of X-rays or nuclear radiation in relation to medicine. \Bradiologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hradio telescope\h
a device for picking up and focusing radio signals from objects in space.
#
\Hradiotherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-dee-o-\CX1therr\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p the treatment of disease, especially cancer, using X-rays or other radioactive substances.
#
\Hradiowave\h
\Pnoun\p any electromagnetic wave suitable for carrying sounds or pictures through the air from a transmitter to a receiver.
#
\Hradish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1radd\j\b\iish \Pnoun\p a small, red-skinned root used as a vegetable, usually eaten raw.
#
\Hradium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p element number 88, a rare, naturally occurring, radioactive metal used in the treatment of cancer. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i.
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\Hradius\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-us \Pnoun\p plural is \Bradii\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-eye)
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to any point on its circumference, or from the centre of a sphere to its surface. b) the length of such a line.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they searched within a 10 km \Iradius\j\b\i of the city' (= range, distance).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the shorter of the two long bones in a forearm or foreleg. Latin \Iradius\j\b\i a spoke
#
\Hradius vector\h
plural is \Bradius vectors\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i a straight line joining a fixed point to a variable point, such as a point to the origin of a graph.
#
\Hradix\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-diks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bradices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\ida-seez) or \Bradixes\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i a number used as the base of a system of numbers, logarithms, etc.
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\Hradon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\idon \Pnoun\p element number 86, a rare, radioactive, inert gas.
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\HRafferty's rules\h
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) no rules at all.
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\Hraffia\h
\Pnoun\p a fibre obtained from a palm and used to make baskets, hats, etc.
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\Hraffish\h
\Padjective\p disreputable.
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\Hraffle\h
\Pnoun\p a form of lottery where the winners receive objects as prizes, usually held to raise money for a charity, etc. \Braffle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to dispose of in a raffle.
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\Hraft\h
\Isay\j\b\i rahft \Pnoun\p a floating platform used for moving people or goods over water, or moored for use by divers, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he had a \Iraft\j\b\i of queries to answer' (= lot).
#
\Hrafter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rahf\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a timber support in a roof.
#
\Hrafting\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of riding on a raft. \Brafter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrag (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a scrap of fabric, especially one that is old or torn.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any old or torn clothes.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a newspaper or magazine, especially one considered to be of poor quality.
\CX14.\j\b\i a piece of music in ragtime.
\Bglad rags\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) fine clothes.
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\Hrag (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bragged\j\b\i, \Bragging\j\b\i)
to tease or play jokes on. \Brag\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a prank, especially one played by students.
#
\Hragamuffin\h
\Pnoun\p a ragged or dirty person, especially a child.
#
\Hrage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i violent anger.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Irage\j\b\i of the fire made it difficult to fight' (= violence, fury).
\CX12.\j\b\i a craze: 'in winter skiing is the \Irage\j\b\i'.
\Brage\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to act or speak in rage.
\CX12.\j\b\i to proceed with great violence or intensity: 'the fire \Iraged\j\b\i out of control'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attend a number of parties or entertainments. See \Jwrath\j\b\i.
#
\Hragged\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ragg\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tattered or wearing tattered clothes.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were disappointed at the \Iragged\j\b\i performance' (= faulty).
\CX12.\j\b\i having rough or sharp projections.
#
\Hraglan\h
\Padjective\p (of a sleeve) continuing up to the neck and joining the garment by two diagonal seams. after \ILord Raglan\j\b\i, 1788-1855, a British field marshal
#
\Hragtime\h
\Pnoun\p a syncopated piano style, the precursor of jazz, which was introduced in the 1890s by U.S. black musicians.
#
\Hrag trade\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the business of designing, making and selling clothing.
#
\Hragwort\h
\Pnoun\p a herbal weed with yellow daisy-like flowers.
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\Hraid\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, surprise attack. \Braid\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Braider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrail (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a horizontal bar of metal or wood used as a support, in a fence, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of two steel girders on which a train, tram, etc. travels. Also called a \Btrack\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i the railway: 'we travelled by \Irail\j\b\i to Newcastle'. \Brail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to furnish with a rail or rails, b) to send by railway.
#
\Hrail (2)\h
\Pverb\p to complain or abuse bitterly.
#
\Hrail (3)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of short-winged wading birds, some of which are unable to fly.
#
\Hrailcar\h
\Pnoun\p a railway carriage.
#
\Hrailhead\h
\Pnoun\p the farthest point to which a railway has been laid.
#
\Hrailing\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a barrier made of rails.
#
\Hraillery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\ila-ree \Pnoun\p any good-natured teasing or ridicule in conversation.
#
\Hrailroad\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a railway.
\Brailroad\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to send by railway.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Irailroaded\j\b\i out of office by his enemies' (= forced, pushed).
#
\Hrailway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pair of parallel steel rails with sleepers, or a system of such rails, designed to carry vehicles with flanged wheels.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a company or organisation which owns or operates such a system. b) the whole property of such a company, including track, vehicles and buildings.
#
\Hraiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p an old word for clothes.
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\Hrain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a) drops of water which fall to the ground from the clouds. b) a shower of such drops.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything falling thickly: 'a \Irain\j\b\i of blows upon his head'.
\Bright as rain\j\b\i, perfectly all right. \Brain\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fall as or like rain.
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\Hrainbow\h
\Pnoun\p a) an arc of the colours of the spectrum, especially one seen in the sky, due to the reflection and refraction of light in drops of water. b) any similar arc of colours. \Brainbow\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, multicoloured.
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\Hrain check\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a postponement, especially of accepting an invitation. from \Irain check\j\b\i a ticket for future use given to sporting spectators when an event is postponed owing to rain
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\Hraincoat\h
\Pnoun\p a waterproof coat.
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\Hrainfall\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the total amount of rain, snow, etc. which falls at a location during a given period. Also called \Bprecipitation\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shower of rain.
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\Hrainforest\h
\Pnoun\p the dense, hot, evergreen forest found in equatorial areas which have heavy rainfall and no dry season.
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\Hrain shadow\h
an area where the rainfall is light, because nearby hills or mountains shelter it from rain-bearing winds.
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\Hrainy\h
\Padjective\p wet with or bringing rain.
\Ba rainy day\j\b\i, a time of need in the future.
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\Hraise\h
\Isay\j\b\i raze \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move to a higher position.
\CX12.\j\b\i to build: 'a monument was \Iraised\j\b\i in his honour'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Iraise\j\b\i from the dead' (= cause to appear or rise).
b) 'it's difficult to \Iraise\j\b\i a family in these conditions' (= bring up).
c) 'my salary was \Iraised\j\b\i by $45 a week' (= increased).
e) 'we helped to \Iraise\j\b\i money for the Red Cross' (= collect).
f) 'she \Iraised\j\b\i several objections' (= introduced).
g) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I rang all morning but could not \Iraise\j\b\i her' (= contact).
h) 'I \Iraised\j\b\i my eyes from the book' (= turned upwards).
i) 'she \Iraised\j\b\i the alarm' (= made known, caused).
j) 'he \Iraised\j\b\i a terrible cry' (= uttered).
\Braise hell\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to make a great fuss.
\Braise\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a lifting. See \Jrise\j\b\i.
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\Hraisin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p a dried grape.
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\Hraison d'Étre\h
\Isay\j\b\i rayzon \CX1det\j\b\ira the chief purpose or justification for the existence of something. French
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\Hraita\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rie\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p an Indian dish consisting of yoghurt mixed with a chopped vegetable such as cucumber.
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\Hraj\h
\Isay\j\b\i rahj \Pnoun\p \IIndian history:\j\b\i rule: 'the British \Iraj\j\b\i'. Hindi, reign
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\Hrajah\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rah\j\b\i-jah \Pnoun\p raja a title for a ruler in India.
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\Hrake (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-handled tool with a comb-like row of teeth for levelling earth, gathering grass, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar implement.
\Brake\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to gather or remove with, or as if with, a rake.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her eyes \Iraked\j\b\i the crowd' (= searched, examined).
b) 'gunfire \Iraked\j\b\i the ship' (= struck along the length of).
\Brake up\j\b\i, a) 'I could only \Irake up\j\b\i $30 for the ticket' (= gather, collect); b) 'the newspaper has \Iraked up\j\b\i another scandal' (= revealed).
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\Hrake (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a self-indulgent or immoral man, especially one in fashionable or sophisticated society.
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\Hrake (3)\h
\Pnoun\p the inclination from the vertical or horizontal, as of a ship's mast.
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\Hrake-off\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a commission or share of profits, especially if dishonest or illegal.
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\Hrakish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-kish \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i jaunty or smart: 'a \Irakish\j\b\i hat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i like a sophisticated person or rake. \Brakishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brakishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HRaku\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rah\j\b\i-koo \Pnoun\p a variety of Japanese pottery made from special clay and usually fired at a low temperature.
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\Hrally (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Brallied\j\b\i, \Brallying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to bring or come together or to rouse for a common purpose: 'to \Irally\j\b\i support for a cause'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to drive cars in a motor rally.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she began to \Irally\j\b\i after weeks of fever' (= recover strength, improve).
\Brally round\j\b\i, to give support or assistance to.
\Brally\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a mass meeting, especially one to promote a cause.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reassembling.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a rise in price and trading after a decline.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i an exchange of strokes between players before a point is scored.
\CX15.\j\b\i a race for motor cars, etc. in which skill at following rules and schedules is just as important as speed.
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\Hrally (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Brallied\j\b\i, \Brallying\j\b\i)
to tease, banter.
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\Hram\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male sheep.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jaries\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of various devices for battering, crushing or forcing.
\Bram\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Brammed\j\b\i, \Bramming\j\b\i)
to strike or force with heavy blows.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Irammed\j\b\i his hat on' (= pushed firmly).
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\HRamadan\h
\Isay\j\b\i ramma-\CX1dan\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the ninth month of the Moslem year when no food or drink may be taken during daylight.
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\Hramble\h
\Pverb\p to walk in a wandering or aimless manner.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the vine \Irambles\j\b\i over the wall' (= winds irregularly).
\Bramble on\j\b\i, to talk in a disjointed way. \Bramble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a leisurely walk; \Brambler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that rambles, such as a climbing rose.
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\Hrambunctious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ram-\CX1bunk\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p boisterous and unruly.
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\Hramekin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ramm\j\b\ia-kin \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bramequin\j\b\i
a small deep dish with a handle, in which food may be baked or served.
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\Hramification\h
\Isay\j\b\i rammifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of branching out or dividing. b) a branch or extending part.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this decision will have widespread \Iramifications\j\b\i' (= consequences, effects). \Bramify\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ramm\j\b\ii-fie), (\Bramified\j\b\i, \Bramifying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to divide or cause to divide into branches. Latin \Iramus\j\b\i a branch + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
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\Hramjet\h
\Pnoun\p a jet engine in which the air entering the engine is compressed before combustion due to the speed of the aircraft.
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\Hramp\h
\Pnoun\p a sloping surface connecting two different levels. French \Iramper\j\b\i to creep or crawl
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\Hrampage\h
\Isay\j\b\i ram-\CX1page\j\b\i \Pverb\p to act or move about violently or furiously. \Brampage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any violent or wild action or behaviour.
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\Hrampant\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wild or uncontrolled: 'the garden was choked by \Irampant\j\b\i weeds'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHeraldry:\j\b\i (of an animal) rearing up on its hind legs.
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\Hrampart\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long earth mound, usually with a wall on it, built for protection.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything used for protection or defence.
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\Hramrod\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long rod formerly used for ramming the charge down the barrel of a muzzle-loading gun. b) a long rod for cleaning the barrel of a rifle.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stiffly formal person. \Bramrod\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, stiff or severe.
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\Hramshackle\h
\Padjective\p badly made or liable to collapse: 'a \Iramshackle\j\b\i old house'.
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\Hran\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Brun\j\b\i.
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\Hranch\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a large farm, especially one for cattle, horses, etc. \Branch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to own or manage a ranch; \Brancher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who owns or works on a ranch. Spanish \Irancho\j\b\i a communal mess
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ran\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p rancor a bitter resentment or hatred. \Brancorous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brancorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrand\h
\Pnoun\p the basic unit of money in South Africa.
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\Hrandom\h
\Padjective\p having no definite order, aim or method.
\Brandom\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bat random\j\b\i, in an unmethodical way. \Brandomly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brandomness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brandomise\j\b\i, \Brandomize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrandom access memory\h
short form is \BRAM\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a temporary memory which stores and promptly recalls information in any order or sequence. Information can be altered, but, unless it is saved, the memory is lost when the computer is switched off. Compare \Jread only memory\j\b\i.
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\Hrandom sampling\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a method of selecting members from a population so that each one has an equal chance of being chosen.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rah\j\b\i-nee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Brani\j\b\i
a) the wife of a rajah, king or prince in India, etc. b) a reigning queen or princess in India. Hindi
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\Hrang\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bring (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hrange\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the limits between which something may exist, occur or vary: a) 'a \Irange\j\b\i of prices'; b) 'a \Irange\j\b\i of colours'; c) 'the \Irange\j\b\i of a singing voice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line or group of mountains.
\CX13.\j\b\i an area on which shooting takes place: 'a rifle \Irange\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the distance to which something is effective or will operate: a) 'hearing \Irange\j\b\i'; b) 'the \Irange\j\b\i of an aircraft'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a large area of open land for grazing, hunting, etc.
\CX16.\j\b\i a stove having a flat surface with coils or plates for cooking, an oven, etc.
\Brange\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put or arrange: 'she \Iranged\j\b\i the books in order of height'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Irange\j\b\i the plants botanically' (= classify).
b) 'this species \Iranges\j\b\i across the countryside' (= is found, occurs).
c) 'our prices \Irange\j\b\i between $100 and $150' (= vary).
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or travel through or about: 'wild herds \Iranged\j\b\i across the land in search of food'. \Branger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a warden who patrols and guards a forest, etc.
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\Hrangefinder\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices for determining the distance of an object, such as that used in focusing a camera.
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\Hrangehood\h
\Pnoun\p a covering which is fixed above a kitchen stove to draw away cooking odours. a trademark
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\Hrangy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rane\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p having slender, long legs.
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\Hrank (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a position in society or any group or organisation: a) 'she is a poet of the highest \Irank\j\b\i'; b) 'the \Irank\j\b\i of general'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a high position, place or status: 'he is a man of \Irank\j\b\i in the literary world'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a row, line or series: '\Iranks\j\b\i of bright flowers lined the garden bed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she left the party's \Iranks\j\b\i to form an independent movement' (= membership, organisation).
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) ordinary soldiers as distinct from officers, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpull rank\j\b\i, to use one's high position to achieve one's aim.
\Brank and file\j\b\i, the main body of an organisation, as distinct from its leaders. \Brank\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to have or hold a particular position, b) to arrange or place in a row.
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\Hrank (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i growing strongly or vigorously: 'the deserted garden was filled with \Irank\j\b\i weeds'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having an unpleasant or offensive smell.
\CX13.\j\b\i unmistakeable: 'assassinating a monarch is \Irank\j\b\i treason'. \Brankly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrankle\h
\Pverb\p to cause or continue to cause irritation, bitterness or unpleasantness: 'after a time their cruel remarks began to \Irankle\j\b\i'.
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\Hransack\h
\Pverb\p to search vigorously or violently, especially in order to rob or plunder: 'the burglar had \Iransacked\j\b\i the house for jewellery'.
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\Hransom\h
\Pnoun\p the money extorted by criminals for the release of a person captured or detained.
\Bking's ransom\j\b\i, a large or valuable amount of money. \Bransom\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to free by paying a ransom, b) to release after receiving a ransom. Latin \Iredemptio\j\b\i redemption
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\Hrant\h
\Pverb\p to talk wildly or violently. \Brant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hranunculus\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1nunk\j\b\i-yoolus \Pnoun\p plural is \Branunculuses\j\b\i or \Branunculi\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1nunk\j\b\i-yoo-lie)
any of a group of widely found plants with divided leaves, such as the buttercup.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a sharp, quick knock or blow. b) the sound it makes.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) punishment or blame: 'who will take the \Irap\j\b\i for the robbery?'.
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\Hrap (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to converse.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk in a sustained rhythmic patter.
\Brap dancing\j\b\i
an athletic form of dancing performed to rap music.
\Brap music\j\b\i
a form of music which is accompanied by a sustained narrative with a rhythmic patter.
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\Hrapacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1pay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p excessively or unpleasantly greedy or plundering. \Brapacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1pass\j\b\ii-tee), \Brapaciousness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Brapaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Irapax\j\b\i grasping
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\Hrape (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the crime of having sexual intercourse with an unconsenting person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a seizing or theft.
\CX13.\j\b\i any abusive or improper treatment. \Brape\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Brapist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-pist), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irapere\j\b\i to seize or carry off
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\Hrape (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with yellow flowers, grown as food for livestock and for the oil of its seeds.
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\Hrape (3)\h
\Pnoun\p the pulp remaining after the juice has been extracted from grapes in wine-making.
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\Hrapid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rapp\j\b\iid \Padjective\p with great speed.
\Brapid\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the swiftly moving part of a river where it flows over or between rocks, through a narrow stretch or down a steep slope. \Brapidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brapidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrapier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-pee-a \Pnoun\p a sword with a long, straight blade, used chiefly for thrusting.
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\Hrapine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-pine \Pnoun\p an old word meaning plunder.
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\Hrapist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-pist \Pnoun\p See \Jrape (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hrapport\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1por\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a feeling of understanding or sympathy. French
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\Hrapprochement\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1prosh\j\b\i-mon \Pnoun\p the re-establishing of a friendly relationship. French \Irapprocher\j\b\i to bring closer
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\Hrapscallion\h
\Isay\j\b\i rap-\CX1skal\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p an old word meaning a rogue or rascal.
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\Hrapt\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i deeply absorbed or fascinated: 'she was so \Irapt\j\b\i in her book that she did not hear the doorbell'.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of emotion or delight: 'his \Irapt\j\b\i smile expressed his pleasure'.
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\Hrapture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rap\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p extreme delight or joy.
\Bin raptures\j\b\i, full of delight or enthusiasm. \Brapturous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brapturously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brapturousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrare (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not occurring often: 'a \Irare\j\b\i disease'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she displayed a \Irare\j\b\i knowledge' (= remarkable, unusual).
\CX12.\j\b\i of low density or pressure. \Brareness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brarely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brarity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rair\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something which is rare, b) the state of being rare. Latin \Irarus\j\b\i thin, not dense
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\Hrare (2)\h
\Padjective\p (of meat) lightly cooked.
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\Hrare earth\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i an oxide of a lanthanide, occurring in various minerals.
very subtle: 'his \Irarefied\j\b\i distinctions were impossible to understand'. \Brarefaction\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rairi-\CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hraring\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very eager to set off or start on something: '\Iraring\j\b\i to go'.
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\Hrarity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rair\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p See \Jrare (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hrascal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rahs\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p a roguish or mischievous person. \Brascally\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brascality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ras-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrase\h
\Isay\j\b\i raze \Pverb\p See \Jraze\j\b\i.
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\Hrash (1)\h
\Padjective\p done hastily without caution. \Brashly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brashness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Middle English \Irasch\j\b\i nimble
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\Hrash (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any reddening of the skin.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there has been a \Irash\j\b\i of bombings throughout the country' (= sudden outbreak).
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\Hrasher\h
\Pnoun\p a thin slice of bacon.
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\Hrasp\h
\Isay\j\b\i rahsp \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to scrape or rub roughly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a harsh scraping sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the children's cries \Irasped\j\b\i on her nerves' (= irritated).
\Brasp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of rasping.
\CX12.\j\b\i a file with a coarse, pointed surface, usually used to work wood.
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\Hraspberry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rahz\j\b\i-b'ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, juicy, edible red berry forming around a receptacle and growing on a bush.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark reddish-purple colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a harsh noise made with the tongue and lips to express contempt, etc. \Braspberry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various common rodents, larger than mice, with long, hairless tails.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sneaky or contemptible person.
\Bsmell a rat\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be or become suspicious. \Brat\j\b\i (\Bratted\j\b\i, \Bratting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to betray or desert.
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\Hratable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p See \Jrate (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hratbag\h
\Pnoun\p an eccentric person.
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\Hratchet\h
\Pnoun\p a device consisting of a toothed wheel with a catch which allows it to move in only one direction.
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\Hrate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a measured amount in relation to a unit or fixed quantity of something else: 'at the \Irate\j\b\i of 60 kilometres an hour'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what is the interest \Irate\j\b\i on the loan?' (= payment).
b) 'we buy our groceries at cut \Irates\j\b\i' (= prices).
c) 'as a pianist she was \Ifirst-rate\j\b\i' (= highest quality).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a tax on land and buildings imposed by local governments and used for local services, such as street lighting, etc.
\Bat any rate\j\b\i, 'come for a short time \Iat any rate\j\b\i' (= anyway, anyhow).
\Brate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to estimate the value or quality of: 'how do you \Irate\j\b\i this painting?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to regard or consider: 'I \Irate\j\b\i him as a highly intelligent child'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'such a small matter would not \Irate\j\b\i a mention in the newspaper' (= deserve, obtain). \Brateable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\ita-b'l), \Bratable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be estimated, b) liable to payment of rates. Latin \Iratus\j\b\i reckoned
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\Hrate (2)\h
\Pverb\p to scold.
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\Hrate of exchange\h
also called the \Bexchange rate\j\b\i
the ratio used, or the price quoted, in exchanging one currency for another, as from Australian dollars to pounds sterling.
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\Hratepayer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who pays rates.
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\Hrather\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i father \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i preferably or more willingly: 'I would \Irather\j\b\i not come with you'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to a certain degree: 'I \Irather\j\b\i like her, though I'm not sure why'.
\CX13.\j\b\i with more truth or accuracy: 'it's raining, or \Irather\j\b\i it rained earlier'. \Brather\j\b\i was originally a comparative form of the \Padjective\p \Irathe\j\b\i. \IRathe\j\b\i meant quick, so \Irather\j\b\i meant quicker. Both were derived from Old English - \Irathe\j\b\i from \Ihraeth\j\b\i and \Irather\j\b\i from \Ihrathor\j\b\i.
to approve or confirm, especially formally or officially: 'Russia has \Iratified\j\b\i the nuclear arms agreement'. \Bratification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrating (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-ting \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a measured position relative to others: 'what is the popularity \Irating\j\b\i of that radio station?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INavy:\j\b\i any non-commissioned sailor.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i the number of strokes rowed in one minute. Also called the \Brate\j\b\i (\Bof striking\j\b\i).
\CX14.\j\b\i (of machines, etc.) the designed limits of performance.
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\Hrating (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-ting \Pnoun\p a scolding.
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\Hratio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-she-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a comparison or proportion of the value, quantity, etc. of two things.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the relative size of two numbers or quantities. \IExample:\j\b\i 2:3 is the ratio of 2 to 3 and means [***2/3].
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\Hratiocination\h
\Isay\j\b\i ratti-o-sin-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the process of logical reasoning and thought. \Bratiocinate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hration\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rash\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a fixed amount permitted or supplied, especially of food. \Bration\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to restrict to limited amounts, b) to supply with rations; \Brationing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrational\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rash\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i using sense, reason or logic: 'a \Irational\j\b\i argument'.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to think or reason: 'he is a \Irational\j\b\i thinker'.
\CX13.\j\b\i behaving according to reason or logic rather than emotions, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to a number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Compare \Jirrational\j\b\i. \Brationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brationality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rasha-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrationale\h
\Isay\j\b\i rasha-\CX1nahl\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the basic reasons for or logic of something.
\CX12.\j\b\i a statement or explanation of reasons.
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\Hrationalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rash\j\b\i'n-a-lize \Pverb\p rationalize \CX11.\j\b\i to make reasonable or rational.
\CX12.\j\b\i to invent an acceptable explanation to justify behaviour.
\CX13.\j\b\i to introduce new or efficient methods into a business, etc. \Brationalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrationalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rash\j\b\i'n-a-lizm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that reason is the only valid basis of knowledge, action or belief. Compare \Jempiricism\j\b\i. \Brationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brationalist\j\b\i, \Brationalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hrat-kangaroo\h
\Pnoun\p any of several kinds of very small furry kangaroos.
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\Hratline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rat\j\b\ilin \Pnoun\p ratlin any of the small ropes across the shrouds of a sailing ship used as a ladder.
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\Hrat pack\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a group of people whose behaviour and actions frequently incur society's disapproval and who exclude others from joining them.
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\Hrat-race\h
\Pnoun\p the unscrupulous, competitive struggle for success, social status, etc.
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\Hrattan\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of tropical climbing palms, the branches of which are used for wickerwork.
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\Hrattle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to make a rapid series of short, sharp sounds. b) to move with such sounds: 'the train \Irattled\j\b\i over the bridge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Irattled\j\b\i on for hours about her trip' (= talked, chattered).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fluster or confuse: 'don't let their direct questions \Irattle\j\b\i you'.
\Brattle off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Irattled off\j\b\i a list of things to buy' (= said quickly).
\Brattle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a rapid series of short, sharp sounds.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices designed to make such a sound, such as a child's toy. \Brattly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making or tending to make a rattling sound.
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\Hrattler\h
\Pnoun\p a rattlesnake.
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\Hrattlesnake\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of poisonous American snakes related to the viper, but having a tail made of horny, loosely connected joints which makes a rattling sound when shaken.
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\Hrattletrap\h
\Pnoun\p a shaky or rickety object, especially an old car.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ravv\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to spoil, ruin or destroy. \Bravage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (usually plural) extreme destruction.
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\Hrave\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to talk wildly or incoherently.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to talk or write very enthusiastically. b) to talk nonsense. \Brave\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Braver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal), a person who attends wild parties; \Brave\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) wildly enthusiastic; \Braving\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) wildly excited or incoherent, b) extraordinary or remarkable.
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\Hraven (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-v'n \Pnoun\p a large bird related to the crow, with shiny, black feathers. \Braven\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, shiny black.
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\Hraven (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ravv\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p to seize or eat greedily. \Bravening\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fiercely greedy.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the army leader was \Iravenous\j\b\i for power' (= greedy). \Bravenously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bravenousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hravine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1veen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a long, narrow and deep valley.
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\Hravioli\h
\Isay\j\b\i ravvi-\CX1o\j\b\i-lee plural \Pnoun\p envelopes of pasta filled with chopped meat, etc. and usually served with a tomato sauce. Italian
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\Hravish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ravv\j\b\iish \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to seize and take by force: 'soldiers \Iravished\j\b\i the small town'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fill with strong emotion: '\Iravished\j\b\i with joy'.
\Bravishing\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
enchanting or delightful. \Bravishingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bravishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irapere\j\b\i to seize
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\Hraw\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not cooked.
\CX12.\j\b\i not prepared, treated or refined: '\Iraw\j\b\i sugar'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is still a \Iraw\j\b\i beginner' (= ignorant, inexperienced).
b) 'the \Iraw\j\b\i wound looked very painful' (= open, exposed).
c) 'a \Iraw\j\b\i description of family life' (= brutal, crude).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unfair: 'she got a \Iraw\j\b\i deal'.
\CX14.\j\b\i harsh and cold: 'a \Iraw\j\b\i wind'.
\Braw\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the raw\j\b\i, a) not refined; b) naked.
\Bon the raw\j\b\i, 'her remarks touched him \Ion the raw\j\b\i' (= on a sensitive spot). \Brawly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brawness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrawhide\h
\Pnoun\p the untanned skin of an animal.
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\Hraw materials\h
the materials used in manufacture, especially in their natural state.
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\Hraw umber\h
See \Jumber\j\b\i.
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\Hray (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow line: 'a \Iray\j\b\i of sunlight'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is not even a \Iray\j\b\i of hope' (= slight indication).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a straight line along which a wave travels.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i an infinite straight line which starts from a given point (called the \Bend-point\j\b\i).
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) any of the arms of a starfish. b) a bony spine supporting a fin.
\Bray\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to send out rays. \Brayless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dark or gloomy.
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\Hray (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various cartilaginous fish, with gills on the lower surface of their flattened bodies, e.g. the skate.
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\Hrayon\h
\Pnoun\p any of various synthetic fibres made from cellulose.
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\Hraze\h
\Pverb\p rase to demolish or destroy completely.
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\Hrazoo\h
\Isay\j\b\i rah-\CX1zoo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \Bnot have a brass razoo\j\b\i, (\IAustralian, New Zealand\j\b\i) to have no money at all.
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\Hrazor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ray\j\b\i-za \Pnoun\p any of various sharp cutting instruments, used especially to shave hair, etc. \Brazor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut or shape with a razor. Latin \Irasus\j\b\i scraped
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\Hrazzmatazz\h
\Pnoun\p razzamatazz \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any noisy activity or display.
\CX12.\j\b\i traditional jazz music.
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\Hre\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree preposition concerning or with reference to.
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\Hre-\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree a prefix indicating: a) repetition, as in \Irecur\j\b\i; b) return or movement backwards, as in \Iretreat\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hreach\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get to: 'we \Ireached\j\b\i Sydney at midnight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put or stretch out or towards: 'she \Ireached\j\b\i into her bag for her licence'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the coat \Ireaches\j\b\i her ankles' (= touches, goes as far as).
b) 'the donations have already \Ireached\j\b\i one million' (= mounted to, added up to).
c) 'try to \Ireach\j\b\i him with a more friendly approach' (= communicate with).
d) 'my garden \Ireaches\j\b\i to the river' (= extends).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISailing:\j\b\i to sail across the wind.
\Breach\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of reaching or stretching.
\CX12.\j\b\i the distance which something can reach or be reached: a) 'what is the \Ireach\j\b\i of her influence?'; b) 'within close \Ireach\j\b\i of the shops'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a continuous area or expanse: 'they flew low over a vast \Ireach\j\b\i of desert'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the part of a river, channel, etc. between its curves.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ISailing:\j\b\i the distance travelled between tacks.
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\Hreact\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to act in return or opposition to something earlier: 'the radical student \Ireacted\j\b\i against her strict upbringing'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'how did he \Ireact\j\b\i to the idea?' (= respond, act in relation).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to take part in a reaction.
\CX11.\j\b\i an action, force or effect produced by or in response to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the interaction of two or more substances, resulting in chemical changes in them.
\CX13.\j\b\i a tendency to conservatism and opposition to progress, reform, etc., especially in politics. \Breactionary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, extremely conservative or opposed to progress; \Breactionary\j\b\i, \Breactionist\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hreactive\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1ak\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tending or likely to react.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i readily entering into a reaction.
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\Hreactor\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1ak\j\b\itor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that reacts.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a device used to introduce opposition to the flow of alternating electric current.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a nuclear reactor.
#
\Hreactor core\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the central region of a reactor where the fuel is and therefore where the highest intensity of nuclear reactions leading to the production of energy takes place.
\CX11.\j\b\i to look at, understand or say aloud written words: a) 'can you \Iread\j\b\i?'; b) '\Iread\j\b\i me the first paragraph'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I \Iread\j\b\i disbelief on her face' (= saw).
b) 'she must have \Iread\j\b\i my mind as she said exactly what I was thinking' (= interpreted, analysed).
c) 'don't \Iread\j\b\i the wrong meaning into her words' (= interpret, introduce).
d) 'the thermometer \Ireads\j\b\i 7░' (= indicates, registers).
e) 'he did not express himself very clearly but I still \Iread\j\b\i his meaning' (= understood).
f) 'he \Iread\j\b\i us a lecture on dishonesty' (= gave).
g) 'I am \Ireading\j\b\i law and history' (= studying).
h) 'in this poem for "I" \Iread\j\b\i "the author"' (= take as the intended meaning).
i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you need your head \Iread\j\b\i for doing such a silly thing' (= examined by a psychiatrist).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a computer) the action of gathering or interpreting data taken from memory or disk storage.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bread between the lines\j\b\i, to deduce what has been intentionally left out of a letter, speech, etc.
\Bread (someone) like a book\j\b\i, 'he can \Iread me like a book\j\b\i' (= see into my mind and heart).
\Bread out\j\b\i, information supplied by a computer.
\Btake as read\j\b\i, 'I think we can \Itake\j\b\i these minutes \Ias read\j\b\i' (= accept unread).
\Breading\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any matter that is read, especially aloud: 'a poetry \Ireading\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular interpretation of, or meaning given to, a literary text: 'what is your \Ireading\j\b\i of this poem?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what is your \Ireading\j\b\i of this problem?' (= understanding).
\CX13.\j\b\i a theoretical framework used to interpret a literary text: 'her feminist \Ireading\j\b\i of the novel concentrated on how the plot reflected the experiences of women'. \Bread\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of reading; \Breadable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) easy or interesting to read, b) able to be read or deciphered.
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\Hreader\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who reads.
\CX12.\j\b\i a book for instruction or practice in reading.
\CX13.\j\b\i a university lecturer next in rank below a professor, usually one who has done special research.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i an electronic device which can read data. \Breadership\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) all the readers of some publication, especially a regular one, b) the position or duties of a university or other professional reader.
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\Hreadily\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1redd\j\b\ii-lee \Padverb\p See \Jready\j\b\i.
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\Hreadjust\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1just\j\b\i \Pverb\p to adjust or arrange again. \Breadjustment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreadmit\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-ad\CX1mit\j\b\i \Pverb\p to admit or let in again. \Breadmittance\j\b\i, \Breadmission\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hread only memory\h
short form is \BROM\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a permanent memory which is built into the central processing unit and can be accessed but not altered. Compare \Jrandom access memory\j\b\i.
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\Hready\h
\Isay\j\b\i reddee \Padjective\p equipped or arranged for action or use: 'is dinner \Iready\j\b\i yet?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is always \Iready\j\b\i to help' (= willing).
b) 'we have \Iready\j\b\i money for housing loans' (= available immediately).
c) 'he has a \Iready\j\b\i wit' (= spontaneous, quick).
\Bready\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\Bat the ready\j\b\i, ready for action. \Breadily\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1redd\j\b\ii-lee), \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breadiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hready-made\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i made to a standard size or pattern rather than for a particular person or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i conventional or borrowed: 'his essay is full of \Iready-made\j\b\i opinions'.
\CX13.\j\b\i suitable and available: 'here is a \Iready-made\j\b\i opportunity for making money'.
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\Hready-mix\h
\Padjective\p already mixed for immediate use.
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\Hready reckoner\h
a book of mathematical tables used in business calculations.
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\Hreafforestation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-forri-\CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p also called \Breforestation\j\b\i
a process in which cleared land is replanted with trees. \Breafforest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreagent\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1ay\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p any substance used in a chemical reaction.
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\Hreal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing as fact, especially in nature or the universe: '\Ireal\j\b\i animals'.
\CX12.\j\b\i true, as distinct from apparent or imagined: '\Ireal\j\b\i love'.
\CX13.\j\b\i not artificial or false: '\Ireal\j\b\i diamonds'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to a number that is representable as a finite or infinite decimal fraction. Compare \Jimaginary\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i (of property) not able to be moved, e.g. a house. Compare \Jpersonal\j\b\i. \Breal\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (informal) very; \Brealness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breally\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\il-ee), \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) truly, b) indeed. \Breal, really\j\b\i. A common mistake is to use the \Padjective\p \Ireal\j\b\i when the \Padverb\p \Ireally,\j\b\i meaning very or to a great degree, is required. Consider the following: 'the solution was a \Ireally\j\b\i (not \Ireal\j\b\i) effective one', 'it's \Ireally\j\b\i (not \Ireal\j\b\i) cold today', 'that is a \Ireally\j\b\i (not \Ireal\j\b\i) beautiful painting'.
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\Hreal estate\h
also called \Brealty\j\b\i
any immovable property, such as land or a house.
\Breal estate agent\j\b\i See \Jestate agent\j\b\i.
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\Hrealise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-a-lize \Pverb\p realize \CX11.\j\b\i to understand clearly or fully: 'do you \Irealise\j\b\i what you have done?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make real or a fact: 'he trained hard to \Irealise\j\b\i his ambition of playing in the orchestra'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the house \Irealised\j\b\i a high price at the auction' (= obtained, brought).
b) 'she decided to \Irealise\j\b\i her shares to help pay her debts' (= exchange for money). \Brealisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brealisable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrealism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-a-lizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tendency to be practical, sensible or see things as they really are.
\CX12.\j\b\i the portrayal of accurate or realistic detail, e.g. in a painting, book, film, etc. \Brealist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrealistic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1lis\j\b\itik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a practical or sensible attitude to life, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i representing or showing something as it is in life or fact: 'a \Irealistic\j\b\i portrait'. \Brealistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreality\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) the state of being real. b) something which is real or exists in fact: 'his dream of success had become a \Ireality\j\b\i'.
\Bin reality\j\b\i, in truth.
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\Hreally\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reel\j\b\i-ee \Padverb\p See \Jreal\j\b\i.
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\Hrealm\h
\Isay\j\b\i relm \Pnoun\p a kingdom.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her studies are in the \Irealm\j\b\i of biology' (= area).
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\Hreal tennis\h
also called \Broyal tennis\j\b\i
the earliest form of tennis, played over a sagging net and off the walls of a specially constructed walled court, with racquets and a solid ball.
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\Hreal-time processing\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i the processing of data by a computer at the same rate at which the user is able to enter data and respond to the computer's output.
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\Hrealtor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reel\j\b\i-tor \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i an estate agent.
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\Hrealty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reel\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p real estate.
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\Hream (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a measure of paper consisting of 500 sheets.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he writes \Ireams\j\b\i of poetry' (= large amounts).
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\Hream (2)\h
\Pverb\p to finish or shape a hole or opening. \Breamer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a cylindrical tool with jutting blades for reaming.
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\Hreap\h
\Pverb\p to cut and harvest grain.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ireaped\j\b\i the benefits of hard work' (= gained, received).
\Breaper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who reaps.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various machines for cutting crops. A \Bheader\j\b\i cuts and gathers only the heads of the stalks.
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\Hreappear\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1peer\j\b\i \Pverb\p to appear again. \Breappearance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to apply again. \Breapplication\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-apli-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreappraisal\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1pray\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p a new examination and judgement. \Breappraise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrear (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the back part of something: 'the entrance is at the \Irear\j\b\i of the shop'.
\Brearguard\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the part of an army, etc. prepared to meet any sudden attack from the rear. \Brear\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brearward\j\b\i, \Brearwards\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in or towards the rear.
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\Hrear (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to care for and support a child or young animal until adulthood.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a horse, etc.) to rise on its hind legs, so that its body is nearly vertical.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the spectre of famine \Ireared\j\b\i its ugly head' (= lifted up).
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\Hrear-admiral\h
a commissioned officer in the navy next in rank below a vice-admiral.
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\Hrearm\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1arm\j\b\i \Pverb\p to arm again, especially an army or a nation. \Brearmament\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrearrange\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1range\j\b\i \Pverb\p to arrange in a different way. \Brearrangement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreason\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a motive for doing or believing something: 'what are your \Ireasons\j\b\i for acting like this?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the mind or intellect. b) sanity or good sense: 'have you lost your \Ireason\j\b\i?'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bit stands to reason\j\b\i, it is obvious.
\Bwithin reason\j\b\i, within sensible limits.
\Breason\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to think or draw conclusions which follow naturally and in correct sequence from the original statements or assumptions.
\Breason with someone\j\b\i, to try to persuade someone with arguments. \Breasoned\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, logically argued or thought out. Latin \Irationis\j\b\i of a calculation
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\Hreasonable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-z'n-a-b'l \Padjective\p having or showing reason or common sense: 'your plan sounds quite \Ireasonable\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she paid a \Ireasonable\j\b\i price for the shoes' (= moderate). \Breasonably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breasonableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreasoning\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-z'n-ing \Pnoun\p a) the process of thinking or drawing conclusions: 'her powers of \Ireasoning\j\b\i are amazing'. b) the arguments in arriving at conclusions: 'what is your \Ireasoning\j\b\i for this decision?'.
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\Hreassess\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1sess\j\b\i \Pverb\p to assess again. \Breassessment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreassure\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-a-\CX1shor\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to assure again.
\CX12.\j\b\i to restore the confidence of: 'he was afraid at first but I \Ireassured\j\b\i him with my arguments'. \Breassurance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breassuringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrebate (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-bate \Pnoun\p a sum of money which is returned, such as a discount or a tax refund.
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\Hrebate (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reb\j\b\i-ate \Pnoun\p also called a \Brabbet\j\b\i
a joint made by cutting a step-shaped hole at the end of one piece, into which the matching end of the other piece is fitted, usually at right angles.
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\Hrebel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rebb\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a person who resists or defies authority.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Irebel\j\b\i in her ideas' (= nonconformist).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her mind \Irebelled\j\b\i at the thought' (= felt repugnance).
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\Hrebellion\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1bel\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p the act of rebelling, especially an organised armed resistance to the established government in a country.
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\Hrebellious\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1bel\j\b\i-yus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to rebels or rebellion.
\CX12.\j\b\i defiant or disposed to rebel. \Brebelliously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brebelliousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrebirth\h
\Pnoun\p a new or second birth.
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\Hreborn\h
\Padjective\p born again: 'after the holiday he tackled the job with \Ireborn\j\b\i energy'.
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\Hrebound\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1bound\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bounce or spring back after hitting something: 'the ball \Irebounded\j\b\i from the wall and broke a window'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his own insults later \Irebounded\j\b\i on him' (= returned).
\Bon the rebound\j\b\i, 'she married him \Ion the rebound\j\b\i after an unhappy affair' (= as a reaction).
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\Hrebuff\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1buff\j\b\i \Pverb\p to refuse or reject something coldly and abruptly: 'she \Irebuffed\j\b\i my offer of help'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the troops were \Irebuffed\j\b\i in their efforts to take the town' (= repelled). \Brebuff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a repulse, rejection or defeat.
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\Hrebuke\h
\Pverb\p to criticise sharply: 'I was \Irebuked\j\b\i for continually being late'. \Brebuke\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrebus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\ibus \Pnoun\p a game in which words must be guessed from pictures which represent the sounds.
to prove something wrong by using argument and evidence. \Brebuttal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of rebutting, b) the evidence used in rebutting.
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\Hrecalcitrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kal\j\b\isi-tr'nt \Padjective\p rebellious or actively disobedient. \Brecalcitrant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a recalcitrant person; \Brecalcitrance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irecalcitrare\j\b\i to kick back
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\Hrecall\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring back to mind: 'can you \Irecall\j\b\i her name?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to summon back: 'the king \Irecalled\j\b\i his foreign ambassadors'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Irecalled\j\b\i his orders' (= cancelled).
\CX12.\j\b\i recollection: 'the author, in his autobiography, seems to have the gift of total \Irecall\j\b\i'.
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\Hrecant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kant\j\b\i \Pverb\p to formally withdraw or give up a statement or belief. \Brecantation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecap\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to retread a tyre.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to recapitulate. \Brecap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecapitulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i reeka-\CX1pit\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stress again or summarise the main points at the end of a speech, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to repeat or restate an earlier theme. \Brecapitulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecede\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move back or to a more distant position: 'we were able to cross when the tide \Ireceded\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to slope backwards: 'a \Ireceding\j\b\i chin'. Latin \Irecedere\j\b\i to go back
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\Hreceipt\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1seet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a written statement acknowledging payment.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is received: 'the \Ireceipts\j\b\i for the play were $1400'.
\Bbe in receipt of\j\b\i, 'I \Iam in receipt of\j\b\i your letter' (= have received). \Breceipt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a receipt. Latin \Ireceptus\j\b\i recovered
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1seev\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get into one's hand or possession: a) 'I \Ireceived\j\b\i a letter this morning'; b) 'he \Ireceived\j\b\i the bad news'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to undergo or experience: 'he \Ireceived\j\b\i a blow on the jaw'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we \Ireceived\j\b\i our guests in the lounge' (= greeted, welcomed).
b) 'he was \Ireceived\j\b\i into the Catholic Church' (= admitted).
c) 'the \Ireceived\j\b\i opinion' (= generally accepted).
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\Hreceiver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who receives something, such as a person who accepts stolen goods, or the player to whom the ball is served in tennis.
\CX12.\j\b\i any device, such as a radio or telephone, which receives electromagnetic waves and reproduces them as sound or pictures.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a person appointed by a court to take charge of a bankrupt business or a property which is involved in a dispute. \Breceivership\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Law) the state of being in the hands of a receiver.
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\Hrecent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p having appeared or happened not long ago: a) 'a \Irecent\j\b\i illness'; b) 'a \Irecent\j\b\i newspaper'. \Brecently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreceptacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sep\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything that holds or contains something.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the top of a stalk that bears the parts of the flower.
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\Hreception\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or manner of receiving: 'my theory met with a cold \Ireception\j\b\i'.
b) the area where someone is received.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i the signals or the quality of signals received on a radio or television receiver.
\CX13.\j\b\i a formal occasion held by a person or group: 'a wedding \Ireception\j\b\i'.
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\Hreceptionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n-ist \Pnoun\p a person employed to receive guests, visitors or clients in an office or hotel.
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\Hreceptive\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sep\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p able to take in or receive.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a \Ireceptive\j\b\i mind' (= quick or ready to receive new ideas).
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\Hrecess\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sess\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-sess \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part or space that is set back from the main wall or line.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she lived deep in the \Irecesses\j\b\i of the forest' (= hidden, central parts).
\CX12.\j\b\i a period of time when work stops, e.g. in parliament.
\Brecess\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or place in a recess.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take a recess.
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\Hrecession\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of receding or withdrawing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a decline in commercial and industrial activity, less severe than a depression. Latin \Irecessus\j\b\i gone back
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\Hrecessive\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sess\j\b\iiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tending to recede or go back.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to a hereditary character that only shows itself when two identical alleles are present in a cell. Compare \Jdominant\j\b\i.
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\Hrecharge\h
\Pverb\p to charge again. \Brecharge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HrecherchΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i ra-\CX1shair\j\b\i-shay \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i carefully selected or thought out.
\CX12.\j\b\i too carefully chosen or far-fetched.
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\Hrecidivism\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sidd\j\b\ii-vizm \Pnoun\p the tendency to repeat or make a habit of crimes. \Brecidivist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irecidivus\j\b\i recurring
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\Hrecipe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ress\j\b\ii-pee \Pnoun\p a list of ingredients and instructions on preparing food, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what's your \Irecipe\j\b\i for success?' (= formula).
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\Hrecipient\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sipp\j\b\ii-ent \Pnoun\p a person or thing that receives.
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\Hreciprocal\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sip\j\b\ira-k'l \Padjective\p mutual: 'the two countries have a \Ireciprocal\j\b\i trade agreement'.
\Breciprocal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i a number by which another must be multiplied to give one.
\IExample\j\b\i: [***2/3] is the reciprocal of [***3/2]. \Breciprocally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreciprocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sip\j\b\ira-kate \Pverb\p a) to give in return: 'she does not \Ireciprocate\j\b\i my mad passion'. b) to give and receive mutually: 'the countries \Ireciprocate\j\b\i trade concessions'. \Breciprocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreciprocity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ressi-\CX1pross\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the practice or principle of reciprocating, especially relating to formal agreements between countries.
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\Hrecital\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p a performance given by one or two musicians, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he gave a \Irecital\j\b\i of the places he'd visited' (= detailed account).
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\Hrecitative\h
\Isay\j\b\i ressita-\CX1teev\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a style of spoken music intermediate between singing and speaking.
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\Hrecite\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1site\j\b\i \Pverb\p to say from memory, e.g. a poem, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Irecited\j\b\i her adventures' (= gave an account of). \Brecitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irecitare\j\b\i read aloud
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\Hreck\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to heed.
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\Hreckless\h
\Padjective\p unthinkingly careless or rash: 'the accident was caused by \Ireckless\j\b\i driving'. \Brecklessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brecklessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreckon\h
\Pverb\p to count or calculate.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I \Ireckon\j\b\i it will rain later' (= think, consider).
b) 'can we \Ireckon\j\b\i on your support?' (= depend, rely).
\Breckon with\j\b\i, a) 'I'll \Ireckon with\j\b\i the troublemakers' (= deal with); b) 'he's a person to be \Ireckoned with\j\b\i' (= taken seriously).
\Breckoning\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a calculation: 'by my \Ireckoning\j\b\i we're lost'.
\Bday of reckoning\j\b\i, a time when something must be atoned or accounted for.
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\Hreclaim\h
\Pverb\p to make something productive or useful again: 'the swamp was \Ireclaimed\j\b\i by draining'.
\Breclaim\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the possibility of being reclaimed: 'beyond \Ireclaim\j\b\i'. \Breclamation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rekla-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or process of reclaiming.
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\Hre-claim\h
\Pverb\p to claim back.
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\Hrecline\h
\Pverb\p to lean back in a resting position.
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\Hrecluse\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kloose\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who lives apart from others. \Breclusive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ireclusus\j\b\i shut up
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rekk\j\b\i'g-nize \Pverb\p recognize \CX11.\j\b\i to identify again: a) 'do you \Irecognise\j\b\i this tune?'; b) 'would you \Irecognise\j\b\i me without a beard?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to accept something as true or valid: 'some countries do not \Irecognise\j\b\i the governments of other countries'.
a) the act of recognising: 'my \Irecognition\j\b\i of him was immediate'. b) the state of being recognised: 'in \Irecognition\j\b\i of your services, accept this gift'. \Brecognisable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brecognisably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Irecognoscere\j\b\i to call to mind again
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\Hrecoil\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1koil\j\b\i \Pverb\p to jump or spring back: a) 'the gun \Irecoiled\j\b\i after being fired'; b) 'I \Irecoiled\j\b\i from the dead body in disgust'.
a) the act or power of recollecting. b) something that is recollected.
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\Hrecommence\h
\Isay\j\b\i reeka-\CX1mence\j\b\i \Pverb\p to commence again. \Brecommencement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecommend\h
\Isay\j\b\i rekka-\CX1mend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to present something as worthwhile or advisable: a) 'I can \Irecommend\j\b\i this book'; b) 'I \Irecommend\j\b\i that you see a doctor'. \Brecommendation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecompense\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rekk\j\b\iem-pence \Pverb\p to repay or make compensation: 'I will \Irecompense\j\b\i you for all your trouble'. \Brecompense\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, repayment or compensation.
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\Hreconcile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rekk\j\b\i'n-sile \Pverb\p to bring or come into a state of harmony or agreement: a) 'the enemies \Ireconciled\j\b\i their differences after the fight'; b) 'how does this statement \Ireconcile\j\b\i with what you said yesterday?'. \Breconciliation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rekk'n-silli-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breconcilable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be reconciled; \Breconciliatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rekk'n-\CX1sill\j\b\iia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to reconcile.
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\Hrecondite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rekk\j\b\i'n-dite \Padjective\p dealing with obscure or little known matters. Latin \Ireconditus\j\b\i hidden
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\Hrecondition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-k'n-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pverb\p to repair or overhaul.
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\Hreconnaissance\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1konn\j\b\ii-sance \Pnoun\p short form is \Brecce\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i any air or ground operation designed to assess the position, strength and movements of the enemy.
\CX12.\j\b\i any preliminary study or survey. French, recognition
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\Hreconnoitre\h
\Isay\j\b\i rekka-\CX1noy\j\b\ita \Pverb\p reconnoiter to make a reconnaissance.
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\Hreconsider\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-k'n-\CX1sidd\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to consider again, especially with a view to changing a decision. \Breconsideration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreconstitute\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1kon\j\b\isti-tewt \Pverb\p to make up or put together again. \Breconstitution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreconstruct\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to construct again.
\CX12.\j\b\i to re-create or re-enact past events: 'the detective \Ireconstructed\j\b\i the scene of the crime'. \Breconstruction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecord\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kord\j\b\i \Pverb\p to register or set down in writing, on tape, etc.: a) 'the concert was \Irecorded\j\b\i for television'; b) 'this book \Irecords\j\b\i the history of cinema'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the thermometer \Irecorded\j\b\i 40 degrees' (= registered).
\CX11.\j\b\i a written account: a) 'a \Irecord\j\b\i is kept of all court cases'; b) 'she wrote a \Irecord\j\b\i of the early history of her town'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, plastic plate with a continuous groove in each side for recording and reproducing sounds.
Short form of \Bgramophone record\j\b\i. Also called a \Bdisc\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i facts known about the past of a person, company, etc.: 'this airline has a good safety \Irecord\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this woman has a \Irecord\j\b\i' (= a criminal past).
\CX14.\j\b\i the best rate or amount so far achieved: 'his time for this race is a new \Irecord\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Boff the record\j\b\i, unofficial, not to be published.
\Bon record\j\b\i, 'this is the fastest time \Ion record\j\b\i' (= recorded). Latin \Irecordari\j\b\i to remember
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\Hrecord\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jdatabase\j\b\i.
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\Hrecorder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that records.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i any of a family of simple wind instruments without reeds.
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\Hrecording\h
\Pnoun\p a record of sounds, music, etc., on tape or record.
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\Hrecording head\h
\IAudio:\j\b\i See \Jhead\j\b\i.
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\Hrecord-player\h
\Pnoun\p a machine that reproduces the sounds on a record.
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\Hrecount\h
\Pverb\p to relate or give an account of.
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\Hre-count\h
\Pverb\p to count again. \Bre-count\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecoup\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1koop\j\b\i \Pverb\p to recover or receive compensation for.
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\Hrecourse\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1korse\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \Bhave recourse to\j\b\i, 'when I'm in trouble I \Ihave recourse to\j\b\i my friends' (= seek help from).
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\Hrecover\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get back again: a) 'the police \Irecovered\j\b\i the stolen goods'; b) 'he \Irecovered\j\b\i his wits after the accident'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to return to a healthy or normal situation: 'I've \Irecovered\j\b\i from my illness'.
\Brecovery\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of recovering: 'the \Irecovery\j\b\i of stolen goods'.
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\Hre-cover\h
\Pverb\p to cover again.
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\Hrecreant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\iri-ant \Padjective\p an old word meaning: a) cowardly; b) false or disloyal. \Brecreant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a recreant person.
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\Hre-create\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-kree-\CX1ate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to create again. \Bre-creation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecreation\h
\Isay\j\b\i rekri-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) any relaxing pastime, hobby, amusement, etc. b) the relaxation and refreshment produced by such pastimes. \Brecreational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrecrimination\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-krimmi-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a countercharge against an accuser. \Brecriminate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1krimm\j\b\ii-nate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to accuse in return; \Brecriminatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Icriminis\j\b\i of an accusation
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\Hrecrudescence\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-kroo-\CX1dess\j\b\i'nce \Pnoun\p a new outburst or breaking out. \Brecrudescent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brecrudesce\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Icrudescere\j\b\i to become raw
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\Hrecruit\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kroot\j\b\i \Pverb\p to enlist persons for service or membership in a group, society or in the armed forces.
\Brecruit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a new or recently enlisted member, especially a newly enlisted soldier. French \Irecrue\j\b\i new growth
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\Hrectal\h
\Padjective\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i of or relating to the rectum.
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\Hrectangle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\i-tangle \Pnoun\p a quadrilateral having four right angles and usually with adjacent sides of unequal length. \Brectangular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to remedy or put right: 'it will take days to \Irectify\j\b\i the damage'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to purify a liquid by distillation.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i to convert alternating current into direct current using a device which has a much higher resistance to current flowing in one direction than in the other. \Brectification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brectifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that rectifies.
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\Hrectilinear\h
\Isay\j\b\i rekti-\CX1linn\j\b\ii-a \Padjective\p rectilineal \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to straight lines. Latin \Irectus\j\b\i straight + \Ilinea\j\b\i line
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\Hrectitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\iti-tewd \Pnoun\p rightness or correctness of thought or conduct.
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\Hrector\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a cleric in charge of a parish, formerly one who received tithes (unlike a vicar).
\CX12.\j\b\i the head of certain universities and colleges.
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the end portion of the colon, connected to the anus. Latin, straight (intestine)
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\Hrecumbent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kum\j\b\i-b'nt \Padjective\p lying down or reclining. \Brecumbently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brecumbency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrecuperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1koo\j\b\ipa-rate \Pverb\p to recover, especially from ill health. \Brecuperative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or helping recovery; \Brecuperation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
the act or process of recurring: 'there has been a \Irecurrence\j\b\i of bad weather lately'. \Brecurrent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrecusant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\i-yoo-z'nt \Padjective\p refusing to obey or submit to authority. \Brecusant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a recusant person.
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\Hrecycle\h
\Pverb\p to put waste or unwanted products through a cycle of conversion to useful products.
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\Hred\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a primary colour like that of fresh blood. b) the colour next to orange at the end of the spectrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person with left-wing political views.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the red\j\b\i, a) being on the debit side of an account, entered in red ink; b) being in debt. Compare \Jin the black\j\b\i under \Bblack\j\b\i.
\Bsee red\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become extremely angry. \Bred\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bredden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become red; \Breddish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, slightly red.
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\Hredact\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1dakt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to edit a piece of writing. \Bredaction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hredback spider\h
a poisonous Australian spider with a red stripe on its back.
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\Hred blood cell\h
also called an \Berythrocyte\j\b\i
any of the minute, disc-like cells in the blood of vertebrates, containing haemoglobin and carrying oxygen through the body.
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\Hred-blooded\h
\Padjective\p vigorous or virile.
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\Hredcoat\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a British soldier, named after the scarlet jackets worn by most regiments.
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\Hredden\h
\Pverb\p See \Jred\j\b\i.
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\Hredeem\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1deem\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get back by payment, etc.: 'she \Iredeemed\j\b\i her pawned ring'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fulfil a promise, pledge, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to compensate or make amends for: 'to \Iredeem\j\b\i oneself for past rudeness'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i to deliver from sin or its consequences by means of a sacrifice, etc. \Bredeemable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be redeemed; \Bredeemer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who redeems; \Bredemptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving to redeem.
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\Hredemption\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1demp\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of redeeming: 'her \Iredemption\j\b\i of the ring only took a few minutes'. b) the state of being redeemed: 'he returned from confession assured of his \Iredemption\j\b\i'. Latin \Iredemptus\j\b\i bought back
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\Hredeploy\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-dee-\CX1ploy\j\b\i \Pverb\p to reorganise troops, etc. so as to use them more effectively. \Bredeployment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hredevelop\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-de\CX1vel\j\b\ilup \Pverb\p to develop again: 'the slum area was \Iredeveloped\j\b\i into a modern housing estate'. \Bredeveloper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or company that redevelops; \Bredevelopment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hred-faced\h
\Padjective\p having a red face, especially due to embarrassment.
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\Hredfin\h
\Pnoun\p a fish related to the English perch, now common in Australian waters.
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\Hred flag\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a symbol of socialism or revolution.
\CX12.\j\b\i a red banner used as a signal of danger.
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\Hred-handed\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p in the act of committing a crime or misdeed.
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\Hred herring\h
something irrelevant, introduced to distract attention.
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\Hred-hot\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i red with heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i highly excited or angry.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) fresh or most recent: 'a \Ired-hot\j\b\i tip for a horse in the next race'.
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\Hred lead\h
\Isay\j\b\i red led a heavy, orangish-red substance containing lead and used as a paint pigment and in the manufacture of glass and glazes.
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\Hred-letter day\h
a memorable occasion. so marked on Church calendars
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\Hred-light district\h
an area sometimes indicated by red lights, with prostitutes, brothels, etc.
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\Hredolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1redd\j\b\io-l'nt \Padjective\p having a strong smell, especially one that is reminiscent of something.
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1dubb\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to double or increase greatly. \Bredouble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hredoubt\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1dowt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small fort in a system of fortifications surrounded by or joined to others by a parapet.
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\Hredoubtable\h
\Padjective\p redoubted \CX11.\j\b\i formidable.
\CX12.\j\b\i worthy of respect: '\Iredoubtable\j\b\i acts of bravery'. \Bredoubtably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bredoubtableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hredound\h
\Pverb\p (of an action) to react to the credit or discredit of the performer: a) 'the whole affair \Iredounded\j\b\i greatly to his credit'; b) 'all the consequences of his actions \Iredounded\j\b\i on his own head'.
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\Hredress\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1dress\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the setting right of what is wrong.
\CX12.\j\b\i any relief or compensation from wrong or injury: 'after the accident he sought \Iredress\j\b\i through the courts'. \Bredress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hre-dress\h
\Pverb\p to dress again.
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\Hred setter\h
an Irish setter dog.
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\Hred shift\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a phenomenon, resulting from the Doppler effect, in which the spectrum of light from a receding star is observed on earth with all lines shifted to the red end, the magnitude of the shift being a measure of the star's velocity relative to the earth.
#
\Hredskin\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a North American Indian.
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\Hred tape\h
excessive attention to rules and regulations. \Bred-tape\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. from the \Ired tape\j\b\i used to tie up documents
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\Hreduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lower in degree, size, number, etc.: a) 'the car \Ireduced\j\b\i speed'; b) 'I'd like to \Ireduce\j\b\i my weight!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bring into a particular state, condition, etc.: 'the fire \Ireduced\j\b\i the house to ashes'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the students had to \Ireduce\j\b\i the fractions' (= simplify).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) to remove oxygen from a compound. b) to add hydrogen to a substance. c) to add electrons to an atom or ion.
\Breduced circumstances\j\b\i, 'after the collapse of his company, Hudson had to live in \Ireduced circumstances\j\b\i' (= comparative poverty).
\CX12.\j\b\i the amount by which something is reduced: 'a 10 per cent \Ireduction\j\b\i on all goods in the sale'. \Breducible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be reduced; \Breducibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breducer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that reduces. See \Jdeplete\j\b\i.
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\Hreduced instruction set computing\h
short form is \BRISC\j\b\i
an approach to microprocessor design which emphasises rapid and efficient function by reducing the set of instructions to be processed. R(\Ieduced\j\b\i) I(\Instruction\j\b\i) S(\Iet\j\b\i) C(\Iomputing\j\b\i)
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\Hreduction division\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jmeiosis\j\b\i.
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\Hredundant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1dun\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p unnecessary or excessive.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'many workers were made \Iredundant\j\b\i by the installation of a new machine' (= superfluous). \Bredundantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bredundancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hredwood\h
\Pnoun\p a very tall, Californian tree (a sequoia), usually 60-100 m in height, with brownish-red wood which is used as timber.
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\Hreebok\h
\Pnoun\p a southern African antelope.
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\Hreed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any of various tall grasses, usually growing in marshy areas. b) the stalk of such a grass.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) (in some wind instruments) a small piece of cane or plastic, fixed at one end inside the mouthpiece, while the other end vibrates freely. b) any instrument, such as the clarinet, fitted with such a device.
\CX13.\j\b\i a weaver's instrument for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft.
\Breedy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i full of reeds.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a tone like that of a reed instrument.
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\Hreef (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a line or group of rocks or coral near the surface of the sea, sometimes visible at low tide.
a \Bbarrier reef\j\b\i is a coral reef which rises from deep water, with a wide, deep lagoon between it and the coast.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a vein.
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\Hreef (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a part of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed to the wind. \Breef\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to reduce the size of a sail.
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\Hreefer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a person who reefs.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a reefer jacket.
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\Hreefer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cigarette containing marijuana.
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\Hreefer jacket\h
a fine woollen blazer, sometimes double-breasted.
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\Hreef knot\h
a flat knot which does not slip, consisting of two loops passing through and over each other.
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\Hreek\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to smell strongly and unpleasantly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give off steam, smoke, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to be wet with sweat, blood, etc. \Breek\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreel (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various devices on which a fishing line, cable, etc. may be wound.
\CX12.\j\b\i a quantity of something wound on such a device: 'he bought two \Ireels\j\b\i of wire'.
\Breel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to draw with a reel or by winding.
\Breel off\j\b\i, 'she \Ireeled off\j\b\i the list of dates' (= recited fluently).
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\Hreel (2)\h
\Pverb\p to stagger or sway under a blow, shock, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i to direct to a source of information, help, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak of: 'this matter is finished, so please do not \Irefer\j\b\i to it again'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the dispute was \Ireferred\j\b\i to a court' (= submitted for a decision).
b) 'I \Ireferred\j\b\i to my notes before answering the question' (= consulted). \Breferable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Breferral\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a letter, etc. referring one person to another; \Breferrer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreferee\h
\Isay\j\b\i reffa-\CX1ree\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, such as an umpire, to whom disputes, etc. are referred.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who provides a reference, especially a character reference. \Breferee\j\b\i (\Brefereed\j\b\i, \Brefereeing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to act as a referee.
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\Hreference\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ref\j\b\i-r'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of referring: 'she made \Ireference\j\b\i to the original documents'. b) the state of being referred: 'with \Ireference\j\b\i to those documents, I think they are fake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written statement concerning the character, abilities, etc. of a person.
\Bterms of reference\j\b\i, the scope allowed in an investigation, discussion, etc.
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\Hreferendum\h
\Isay\j\b\i reffa-\CX1ren\j\b\i-dum \Pnoun\p plural is \Breferenda\j\b\i or \Breferendums\j\b\i
also called a \Bplebiscite\j\b\i
a) the making of a political decision by asking each person in a country to vote on it. b) such a vote.
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\Hrefill\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1fil\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fill again.
a replacement for the used contents of a container.
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\Hrefine\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fine\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make something pure or clean: 'to \Irefine\j\b\i sugar'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to improve: 'car production has been \Irefined\j\b\i during the last 20 years'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of petroleum) to separate the components of crude oil by fractional distillation.
\CX14.\j\b\i to make more tasteful, artistic, etc. \Brefiner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who refines.
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\Hrefinement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of refining: 'the \Irefinement\j\b\i of sugar'. b) the state of having refined manners, etc.: 'the students lacked \Irefinement\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an improvement.
\CX13.\j\b\i an increase in subtlety or ingenuity: 'he introduced new \Irefinements\j\b\i in mathematical analysis'.
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\Hrefinery\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fie\j\b\i-na-ree \Pnoun\p a place where something is refined, such as petroleum or sugar.
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\Hreflect\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1flekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw or cast back light, sound, etc. from a surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the boy \Ireflects\j\b\i the views of his dominating father' (= reproduces).
\CX12.\j\b\i to rebound or return: 'your outrageous behaviour \Ireflects\j\b\i badly upon your parents'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to think carefully: 'before I can answer I must \Ireflect\j\b\i upon what you have told me'. \Breflection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breflective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Breflectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breflector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substance or device that reflects light, sound, etc. Latin \Ireflectere\j\b\i to bend back
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\Hreflex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-fleks \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an involuntary or immediate movement, such as sneezing, in response to a stimulus.
\CX12.\j\b\i an image produced by reflection. \Breflex\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, occurring in or as a reaction.
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\Hreflex angle\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i an angle between 180░ and 360░.
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\Hreflex camera\h
a camera with a mirror which reflects the lens image into the eyepiece, so that it may be focused up to the time of exposure.
#
\Hreflexive\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1flek\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i of a \Ppronoun\p or \Pverb\p which refers back to the subject of the sentence. \IExample:\j\b\i he \Icut\j\b\i himself (reflexive \Pverb\p); he cut \Ihimself\j\b\i (reflexive \Ppronoun\p). \Breflexively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreflux\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-fluks \Pnoun\p a flowing back.
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1form\j\b\i \Pverb\p to improve by changing, as by giving up a bad habit, etc. \Breform\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an improvement or amendment; \Breformative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to reform; \Breformer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hre-form\h
\Pverb\p to form again.
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\Hreformation\h
\Isay\j\b\i reffa-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of reforming: 'his \Ireformation\j\b\i from a helpless alcoholic took a long time'. b) the state of being reformed.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the religious movement which began in Europe in the 16th century to reform the Roman Catholic Church, and led to the formation of the Protestant churches.
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\Hreformatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1for\j\b\ima-tree \Padjective\p serving or designed to reform.
\Breformatory\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
also called a \Breform school\j\b\i
an institution where children convicted of crimes are held in detention.
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\Hrefraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the change in direction of an oblique wave when it passes from one medium to another. \IExample\j\b\i: a ray of light is bent as it passes from air into glass. \Brefract\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to deflect by refraction; \Brefractive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brefractiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrefractory\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frak\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i stubborn or unmanageable: 'the teacher could not cope with the \Irefractory\j\b\i child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a substance) having the ability to retain its physical form and chemical properties when subjected to high temperatures, e.g. the bricks used for lining furnaces.
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\Hrefrain (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frane\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep oneself from doing or saying something: 'I \Irefrained\j\b\i from shouting at the naughty child'.
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\Hrefrain (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem.
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\Hrefresh\h
\Pverb\p to revive or make fresh, as by rest, food, etc.
\Brefresher course\j\b\i, a course of instruction to bring practising doctors, teachers, etc. up to date with recent developments in their field. \Brefresher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that refreshes; \Brefreshing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of refreshing.
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\Hrefreshment\h
\Pnoun\p something which refreshes, such as food or drink for a light meal.
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\Hrefrigerant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frij\j\b\ia-r'nt \Pnoun\p a substance, such as ammonia, which reduces temperature. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ifrigoris\j\b\i of cold
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\Hrefrigerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frij\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to make or keep cool or cold. \Brefrigeration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrefrigerator\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1frij\j\b\ia-rayta \Pnoun\p any of various appliances consisting of an enclosed space which can be kept at a constantly low temperature, used for storing foods, medicines, etc.
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\Hrefuel\h
\Pverb\p (\Brefuelled\j\b\i, \Brefuelling\j\b\i)
to supply again with fuel.
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\Hrefuge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ref\j\b\i-yooj \Pnoun\p shelter or protection from danger, trouble, etc.
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\Hrefugee\h
\Isay\j\b\i ref-yoo-\CX1jee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who has fled from his or her home or country because of some danger or disaster, such as a flood, war, dictatorship, etc.
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\Hrefund\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fund\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give back, especially money. \Brefund\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-fund), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hre-fund\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fund\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fund anew.
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\Hrefurbish\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fer\j\b\ibish \Pverb\p to renovate or make clean.
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\Hrefuse (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fewz\j\b\i \Pverb\p to say one will not do, accept, give, allow, etc. \Brefusal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrefuse (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ref\j\b\i-yooce \Pnoun\p anything discarded as worthless or useless.
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\Hrefute\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1fewt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to prove a statement to be false. \Brefutable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ref\j\b\i-yoota-b'l \Ior\j\b\i re-\CX1few\j\b\ita-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be refuted; \Brefutation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irefutare\j\b\i to check
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\Hregain\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1gane\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get back again: 'after the illness it took a month for her to \Iregain\j\b\i her strength'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reach again: 'we \Iregained\j\b\i the shore after swimming for an hour'.
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\Hregal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-g'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i dignified and stately. \Bregally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bregality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1gall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hregale\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1gale\j\b\i \Pverb\p to entertain, especially with good food or drink. \Bregalement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hregalia\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1gale\j\b\i-ya plural \Pnoun\p the insignia, decorations or emblems of an office.
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\Hregard\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1gard\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to think of in a particular way: a) 'the teacher is \Iregarded\j\b\i as the best in the school'; b) 'I \Iregard\j\b\i him with affection'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to concern or relate to: 'a matter \Iregarding\j\b\i the new law'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she seldom \Iregards\j\b\i her parents' (= heeds, follows).
\CX13.\j\b\i to look at in some specific way: 'she \Iregarded\j\b\i him with a hostile stare'.
\Bregard\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i reference or relation: 'in \Iregard\j\b\i to that money'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any concern or attention: 'he carries on with no \Iregard\j\b\i to my wishes'.
\CX13.\j\b\i esteem or respect: 'I have little \Iregard\j\b\i for the leaders'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) sentiments of affection, esteem, etc.: 'please send my \Iregards\j\b\i to your parents'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your plan is excellent in all \Iregards\j\b\i' (= particulars, points). \Bregardless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without care, consideration or thought for; \Bregardlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bregardful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, attentive or concerned.
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\Hregatta\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1gatt\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a gathering of boats at which contests or races are held. Italian \Iregata\j\b\i a gondola race
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\Hregenerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to construct or create anew.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to grow again a part of an organism that has been removed. \Bregenerative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bregeneration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hregent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p a person who carries out the duties of a monarch who is too young, ill, etc. to rule. \Bregency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office of a regent; \Bregent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iregens\j\b\i guiding, controlling
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\Hregicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\ii-side \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the crime of killing a monarch. b) the person who does this. Latin \Iregis\j\b\i of a king + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hregime\h
\Isay\j\b\i ray-\CX1\Izh\j\b\ieem\j\b\i \Pnoun\p rΘgime \CX11.\j\b\i a) any system of government. b) a particular government.
\CX12.\j\b\i a regimen.
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\Hregimen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\ii-m'n \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a balanced programme of careful diet and exercise intended to maintain or restore good health.
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\Hregiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\ii-m'nt \Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i a tactical army unit consisting of two or more battalions.
\Bregiment\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to form into a regiment. b) to assign to a regiment.
\CX12.\j\b\i to subject to strict discipline. \Bregimentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bregimental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i reji-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hregion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\ijun \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i an area with features which distinguish it from another area.
\CX12.\j\b\i any area or part: 'the pain is in the upper \Iregion\j\b\i of my chest'.
\Bregional\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) relating to a large geographic region. b) belonging to a particular region. \Bregionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hregister\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\iis-ter \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a formal or official list of items, names, etc. b) a book for such entries.
\CX12.\j\b\i any machine which lists and indicates numbers: 'a cash \Iregister\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the range of a voice or instrument.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILinguistics:\j\b\i a range of language relating to particular circumstances or contexts, e.g. legal, medical, family, etc.
\Bregister\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to enter in a register.
\CX12.\j\b\i to indicate on a scale, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iregistered\j\b\i no signs of stress or worry' (= indicated).
b) 'he told me his name but it didn't \Iregister\j\b\i' (= make an impression).
\CX13.\j\b\i to register the contents of a letter, etc. at a post office to ensure safe delivery. \Bregistration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hregistrar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\ii-strar \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who keeps registers, especially in a university.
\CX12.\j\b\i a doctor, in a hospital, who is training to be a specialist.
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\Hregistration plate\h
a numberplate.
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\Hregistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rej\j\b\iis-tree \Pnoun\p a place where registers are kept.
\Bregistry office\j\b\i
an office where births, marriages and deaths are recorded and civil marriages take place.
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\Hregnant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reg\j\b\inent \Padjective\p reigning: 'the Queen \Iregnant\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a return to an earlier or less mature level of development. \Bregress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bregressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bregressively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hregret\h
\Pverb\p (\Bregretted\j\b\i, \Bregretting\j\b\i)
to feel sorry, dissatisfied or distressed, especially about something one has done or said.
\Bregret\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a feeling of loss, repentance or sorrow, as for a mishandled opportunity.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a formal expression of disappointment, as when declining an invitation. \Bregrettable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bregrettably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bregretful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of regret; \Bregretfully\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bregretfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Iregreter\j\b\i to bewail \Bregretfully, regrettably\j\b\i both centre on the idea of regret. \IRegretfully\j\b\i means full of regret: '\Iregretfully\j\b\i we said goodbye'; whereas \Iregrettably\j\b\i means unfortunately: '\Iregrettably\j\b\i there was no opportunity to see you'.
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\Hregular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reg\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i normal, usual or customary.
\CX12.\j\b\i orderly or symmetrical: 'a \Iregular\j\b\i polygon'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a \Pverb\p) having the most common changes of form for each tense, usually by means of endings, as in \Italk\j\b\i (present), \Italked\j\b\i (past) and \Italked\j\b\i (past participle). Also called \Bweak\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he's a \Iregular\j\b\i villain' (= thorough).
\CX14.\j\b\i recurring at fixed or uniform intervals.
\Bregular\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a member of the permanent armed forces. b) a member of a religious order.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a regular customer or visitor. \Bregularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bregularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i reg-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bregularise\j\b\i, \Bregularize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make regular.
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\Hregulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reg\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to control by a rule, method, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to adjust to a standard, e.g. for accuracy. \Bregulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or device that regulates; \Bregulative\j\b\i, \Bregulatory\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hregulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i reg-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rule or law designed to control behaviour or actions: 'office \Iregulations\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of regulating: 'the \Iregulation\j\b\i of the machine was difficult'. b) the state of being regulated.
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\Hregurgitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1ger\j\b\iji-tate \Pverb\p a) to flow backwards, as liquids, gases and undigested food. b) to vomit or disgorge. \Bregurgitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrehabilitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-ha-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to restore to a state of health, well-being or usefulness. \Brehabilitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrehash\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1hash\j\b\i \Pverb\p to work into a new or different form. \Brehash\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-hash), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrehearsal\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1her\j\b\i-s'l \Pnoun\p the practice or trial performance before an event, especially of a play, film, etc. before it is performed in public.
a \Bdress rehearsal\j\b\i is the last full rehearsal of a play, etc., with costumes, lights and music, before the first performance.
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\Hrehearse\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1herse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to practise a play, part, etc. to prepare for a public performance.
to treat or imagine an abstract idea as having material existence. \Breification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreign\h
\Isay\j\b\i rane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the length of time for which a monarch rules.
\CX12.\j\b\i any dominating power or influence: 'a \Ireign\j\b\i of fear'. \Breign\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to have the power or title of a monarch, b) to be dominant or in control.
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\Hreimburse\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-im-\CX1berse\j\b\i \Pverb\p to repay or make a refund for money spent or lost. \Breimbursement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrein\h
\Isay\j\b\i rane \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a long strip of leather on a bridle, passing from the bit to the rider's hands, used to control and guide a horse.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive free rein to\j\b\i, to allow complete freedom to.
\Bkeep a tight rein on\j\b\i, to control closely. \Brein\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to control with reins, b) to check, control or restrain.
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\Hreincarnation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-inkar-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the belief that after a person's death the soul moves into another bodily form and continues to live.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of being born again in a new body. Also called \Bmetempsychosis\j\b\i. b) the actual form taken on by the reborn soul. \Breincarnate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-inkar-\CX1nate\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Breincarnate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-in-\CX1kar\j\b\init), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hreindeer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rane\j\b\i-deer \Pnoun\p a large northern European deer, with branched antlers.
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\Hreinforce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-in\CX1force\j\b\i \Pverb\p to make stronger or more effective, especially by adding extra pieces, support, etc.
\Breinforcement\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of reinforcing: 'the \Ireinforcement\j\b\i of an argument with facts'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) something used to add strength or support, such as extra troops sent to help in a battle.
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\Hreinforced concrete\h
ferroconcrete.
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\Hreinstate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-in\CX1state\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put back in a former position, state, etc.: 'the king was \Ireinstated\j\b\i after the revolutionaries were overthrown'. \Breinstatement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreinsure\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-in\CX1shoor\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to insure again.
\CX12.\j\b\i to provide insurance for a risk, by sharing it amongst several companies. \Breinsurance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreinvest\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-in\CX1vest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to invest one's capital, etc. again. \Breinvestment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreiterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1itt\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to repeat. \Breiteration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breiterative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hreject\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1jekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to refuse to accept or use: 'the committee \Irejected\j\b\i the union's claims'.
something which is rejected, refused or discarded. \Brejection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irejectus\j\b\i thrown back
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\Hrejoice\h
\Pverb\p to be glad or joyful. \Brejoicing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrejoin (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-join \Pverb\p to join or come together with again: 'let's \Irejoin\j\b\i the party now'.
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\Hrejoin (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1join\j\b\i \Pverb\p to answer or reply. \Brejoinder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an answer or response.
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\Hrejuvenate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1joov\j\b\ii-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make young or new again.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i to renew the activity of a stream or river, as by uplift of the land over which it flows, so that it begins to cut into its bed once more. \Brejuvenation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ijuvenis\j\b\i young
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\Hrekindle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1kin\j\b\idel \Pverb\p to kindle or stir up again.
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\Hrelapse\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1laps\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fall or slip back to a former, usually worse, condition. \Brelapse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-laps), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrelate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to tell or describe: 'he \Irelated\j\b\i his adventures'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or become connected, associated or relevant: a) 'my complaint \Irelates\j\b\i to my neighbour's children; b) 'are you \Irelated\j\b\i to the Smiths of Alice Springs?' Latin \Irelatus\j\b\i brought back
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\Hrelation\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an existing connection or association, as between people or things: a) 'what is the \Irelation\j\b\i between these two numbers?'; b) 'personal \Irelations\j\b\i are not good between them'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a relative: 'she is a distant \Irelation\j\b\i of my mother's'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of telling or narrating. \Brelationship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a connection or association.
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\Hrelative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i existing or considered only in comparison or connection with something else: 'they live in \Irelative\j\b\i luxury for such a large family'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I can only answer \Irelative\j\b\i to my own feelings' (= in regard or reference).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i of a \Ppronoun\p or \Padverb\p which joins two clauses, by referring to a \Pnoun\p in the first clause.
\Brelative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who is related to another by blood or marriage. \Brelatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, comparatively.
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\Hrelative atomic mass\h
\IChemistry, Physics:\j\b\i the mass of an atom of an element, measured on a scale in which the mass of an atom of the carbon-12 isotope is exactly 12.
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\Hrelative density\h
See \Jspecific gravity\j\b\i.
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\Hrelative humidity\h
See \Jhumidity\j\b\i.
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\Hrelative molecular mass\h
\IChemistry, Physics:\j\b\i the mass of a molecule of a substance, measured on a scale in which the mass of an atom of the carbon-12 isotope is exactly 12.
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\Hrelativism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\ia-tiv-izm \Pnoun\p the belief that all knowledge varies according to the individual or the situation and that absolute truth is therefore unattainable. \Brelativist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrelativity\h
\Isay\j\b\i rella-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being relative.
\CX12.\j\b\i theories derived from the proposition that time and space are not absolute but relative to the observer; e.g. that the velocity of light is a constant, mass depends on velocity, mass and energy are interchangeable, and that space-time forms a curved four-dimensional continuum and differs in outer space from that observed here.
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\Hrelax\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1laks\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make or become looser, less strict or firm: a) 'she escaped as his grip \Irelaxed\j\b\i'; b) 'if you behave, we'll \Irelax\j\b\i the rules'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become less formal, tense, etc.: 'please sit down and \Irelax\j\b\i'.
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\Hrelaxation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-lak-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loosening or relaxing: 'the \Irelaxation\j\b\i of his grip enabled her to escape'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an activity or diversion which provides relief, enjoyment or rest: 'gardening is my greatest \Irelaxation\j\b\i'.
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\Hrelay\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-lay \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group or set of persons, etc. who take the place of or relieve others, such as a shift of workers.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a race whose distance is divided into four or more parts, each of which is run or swum by one member of a team.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a device which is controlled by electric currents in one circuit so that it acts as a switch in another circuit.
\CX11.\j\b\i to pass or carry by or as if by relay: 'please \Irelay\j\b\i this message to her'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i to control by means of a relay.
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\Hrelay station\h
\IRadio:\j\b\i a station which broadcasts or retransmits programmes received from a different station.
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\Hrelease\h
\Pverb\p to set free or let go: 'he was \Ireleased\j\b\i from prison a week ago'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government has \Ireleased\j\b\i a public statement' (= put into circulation, issued).
\Brelease\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a freeing or setting free: 'a \Irelease\j\b\i from pain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) something which sets free or releases: 'she finds shouting a great \Irelease\j\b\i for tension'. b) a device which releases or unfastens something: 'press the \Irelease\j\b\i to open the box'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the putting out of something for public exhibition, use, purchase, etc.: 'the \Irelease\j\b\i of his new play'. b) something circulated in this way: 'the group's new \Irelease\j\b\i was an instant hit'.
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\Hre-lease\h
\Pverb\p to lease again: 'we have \Ire-leased\j\b\i the house we had last summer'.
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\Hrelegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\ia-gate \Pverb\p to send to a particular place, condition, etc., especially an inferior one: 'the team was \Irelegated\j\b\i to a lower division'. \Brelegation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irelegare\j\b\i to send into retirement
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\Hrelent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lent\j\b\i \Pverb\p to become less severe or unyielding: 'he finally \Irelented\j\b\i and let us go too'. \Brelentless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) without pity, b) steady or persistent; \Brelentlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brelentlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrelevant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\ia-v'nt \Padjective\p connected to a particular subject: 'your suggestion is not \Irelevant\j\b\i to our discussion at all'. \Brelevance\j\b\i, \Brelevancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brelevantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreliable\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lie\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p able to be relied or depended on: 'I can prove that the witness is not \Ireliable\j\b\i'. \Breliably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breliability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-lie-a-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreliant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lie\j\b\i-ant \Padjective\p having trust, confidence or dependence: 'we are \Ireliant\j\b\i on you for a solution'. \Breliance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrelic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which has survived from a past time and serves as a reminder. Also called a \Brelict\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i something kept as an object of religious worship, especially some part or personal reminder of a holy person.
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\Hrelied\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Brely\j\b\i.
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\Hrelief\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1leef\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a lessening or removal of pain, anxiety, etc.: 'what a \Irelief\j\b\i to see the road again!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which provides relief, help or comfort: 'please send \Irelief\j\b\i to the flood victims'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the doctor waited for her \Irelief\j\b\i to arrive' (= replacement).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the projecting of a part or figure from its background or a surface, such as a sculptured figure from a wall. b) a work, design, etc. done in this way.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the crisis showed up their different characters in strong \Irelief\j\b\i' (= contrast).
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i the different heights of parts of the earth's surface. A \Brelief map\j\b\i shows the physical features of land by contours and shading.
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\Hrelief printing\h
See \Jletterpress\j\b\i.
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\Hrelieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1leev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bring relief or ease to: 'nothing could \Irelieve\j\b\i her distress'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was \Irelieved\j\b\i of all duties until the trial' (= set free, dismissed from).
b) 'someone must \Irelieve\j\b\i the exhausted fire-fighters' (= take over the duties of). \Breliever\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreligion\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lij\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various systems of belief or worship concerned with the nature and purpose of the universe, with the spiritual or inner nature of a person, and usually with a supernatural power recognised as creator or controller.
\CX12.\j\b\i any practice, matter, etc. treated with devotion or keen conscientiousness: 'crusading for peace is a \Ireligion\j\b\i with her'.
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\Hreligious\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lij\j\b\i-us \Padjective\p a) of or relating to religion. b) godly or faithful to one's religion.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she makes each piece of sculpture with \Ireligious\j\b\i devotion' (= faithful, conscientious). \Breligiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breligiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breligiosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-liji-\CX1oss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being religious, especially to an extreme degree.
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\Hrelinquish\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1lin\j\b\i-kwish \Pverb\p to let go, surrender or give up. \Brelinquishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irelinquere\j\b\i to leave behind
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\Hreliquary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\iikwa-ree \Pnoun\p a container for religious relics.
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\Hrelish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rell\j\b\iish \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an appreciation, pleasure or enjoyment: 'he watched the exciting contest with \Irelish\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a savoury substance, such as a pickle or sauce, added to a meal.
\CX13.\j\b\i a pleasing or appetising taste: 'our soups are full of goodness and \Irelish\j\b\i'.
\Brelish\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to take pleasure in or enjoy: 'I \Irelish\j\b\i the thought of getting revenge'.
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\Hrelive\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1liv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to live or experience again.
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\Hrelocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i reelo-\CX1kate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to establish or become established in a new place. \Brelocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brelocatable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hreluctant\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1luk\j\b\i-t'nt \Padjective\p disinclined, not eager: 'I'm \Ireluctant\j\b\i to lend you my new car'. \Breluctantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breluctance\j\b\i, \Breluctancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to make or construct again. \Bremake\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-make), \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is made again, especially a film.
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\Hremand\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mahnd\j\b\i \Pverb\p \ILaw:\j\b\i to hold an accused person to await further trial. \Bremand\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of remanding, b) the state of being remanded. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Imandare\j\b\i to commit
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\Hremark\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mark\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to say casually.
\CX12.\j\b\i to notice: 'did you \Iremark\j\b\i his extraordinary clothes?'.
\Bremark\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of commenting or noticing: 'the event was scarcely worthy of \Iremark\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a comment or casual expression. \Bremarkable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, unusual or worthy of remark; \Bremarkably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hre-mark\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-mark \Pverb\p to mark or correct again.
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\Hremarry\h
\Pverb\p (\Bremarried\j\b\i, \Bremarrying\j\b\i)
to marry again after widowhood or divorce. \Bremarriage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hremedial\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mee\j\b\idi-ul \Padjective\p a) providing a remedy. b) intended to correct or improve, as with special extra help: '\Iremedial\j\b\i teaching'.
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\Hremedy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1remm\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p anything which heals, removes or relieves pain, fault, etc.
\Bremedy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bremedied\j\b\i, \Bremedying\j\b\i)
to fix or put right. \Bremediable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mee\j\b\idia-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be cured or fixed.
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\Hremember\h
\Pverb\p to keep in or recall to the mind: a) 'please \Iremember\j\b\i to bring your coat'; b) 'I can't \Iremember\j\b\i his name'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please \Iremember\j\b\i me to your parents' (= send greetings from).
b) 'were you \Iremembered\j\b\i in grandfather's will?' (= left something). \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Imemor\j\b\i mindful
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\Hremembrance\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mem\j\b\i-br'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of remembering.
\CX12.\j\b\i a token or souvenir, especially one given to serve as a reminder.
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\Hremind\h
\Pverb\p to cause to remember: 'please \Iremind\j\b\i me to buy the meat'. \Breminder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which causes one to remember.
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\Hreminisce\h
\Isay\j\b\i remmi-\CX1niss\j\b\i \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to review one's memory of past experiences or events.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to forgive or pardon. b) to excuse from punishment, debt, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to become less strong: 'the disease began to \Iremit\j\b\i'. \Bremittance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the sending of money or credit to a person, b) money or payment sent or given.
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\Hremittent\h
\Padjective\p recurring at intervals, e.g. the symptoms of a disease.
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\Hremnant\h
\Pnoun\p a remaining part, quantity or fragment.
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\Hremonstrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1remm\j\b\i'n-strate \Pverb\p to say in protest or objection. \Bremonstrant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bremonstration\j\b\i, \Bremonstrance\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mon\j\b\i-str'nce), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hremora\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1remm\j\b\iera \Pnoun\p any of a group of fish having a flattened head with a sucking disc on the top, by which it may attach itself to a larger fish or a ship. Latin, a hindrance
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\Hremorse\h
\Pnoun\p a feeling of sincere and painful regret or sorrow for one's misdeeds. \Bremorseful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bremorsefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bremorsefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bremorseless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, without pity or remorse; \Bremorselessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bremorselessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hremote\h
\Padjective\p far away or distant: a) 'a \Iremote\j\b\i town'; b) 'the \Iremote\j\b\i past'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her \Iremote\j\b\i manner makes people rather nervous' (= aloof, cold).
b) 'I do not have even a \Iremote\j\b\i idea of the answer' (= slight). \Bremotely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bremoteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hremote control\h
the control or direction of a process, machine, etc. by electrical or radio signals at a distance.
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\Hremould\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1mold\j\b\i \Pverb\p to mould or shape again, as by adding new rubber walls, etc. to a used tyre. \Bremould\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-mold), \Inoun\j\b\i, a tyre which has been remoulded.
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\Hremove\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1moov\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take off or away: '\Iremove\j\b\i your shoes before entering'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Prime Minister was \Iremoved\j\b\i from office' (= sacked).
\Bremove\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the distance by which things are separated: 'this party is a far \Iremove\j\b\i from last year's celebrations'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IEducation:\j\b\i an intermediate class. \Bremoval\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1moo\j\b\i-v'l), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of removing, b) a change of position, location, etc.; \Bremovable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hremunerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1mew\j\b\ina-rate \Pverb\p to pay, reward or compensate. \Bremuneration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bremunerative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, profitable.
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\HRenaissance\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sonce \Pnoun\p also spelt \BRenascence\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the revival of classical learning, literature and art in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century taken as marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) any revival or rebirth. French, rebirth
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\Hrenal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i of or relating to the kidneys. Latin \Iren\j\b\i kidney
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\Hrenascent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1nass\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p being renewed or growing again.
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\Hrend\h
\Pverb\p (\Brent\j\b\i, \Brending\j\b\i)
to split or tear apart violently.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a terrible cry \Irent\j\b\i the silent air' (= penetrated, disturbed).
b) 'his tears could \Irend\j\b\i her heart' (= distress painfully).
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\Hrender\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to provide, give or make available: a) 'to \Irender\j\b\i assistance'; b) 'to \Irender\j\b\i an account for payment'; c) '\Irender\j\b\i up the hostages or we'll shoot'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to represent or depict: 'the artist \Irendered\j\b\i the scene in great detail'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the song was \Irendered\j\b\i in the wrong key' (= performed).
b) '\Irender\j\b\i this paragraph from French into English' (= translate).
c) 'she was \Irendered\j\b\i mad by drink' (= caused to become).
\CX13.\j\b\i to extract or reduce by melting: 'to \Irender\j\b\i bacon fat'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i to coat a wall with a layer of plaster or mortar.
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\Hrendering\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i the use of software to create often realistic three-dimensional screen images by using shading and colouring techniques.
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\Hrendezvous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ron\j\b\iday-voo \Pnoun\p a) an arranged meeting. b) a meeting place. \Brendezvous\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French \Irendez-vous\j\b\i present yourself
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\Hrendition\h
\Isay\j\b\i ren-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a rendering, performance or interpretation.
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\Hrenegade\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1renn\j\b\ia-gade \Pnoun\p a person who leaves or betrays a party, belief or cause. Spanish \Irenegado\j\b\i renounced
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\Hrenege\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1neg\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to fail to follow suit when one is able to do so.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fail to carry out one's word or promise.
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\Hrenegotiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i reena-\CX1go\j\b\i-shee-ate \Pverb\p to negotiate or revise a contract or agreement again.
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\Hrenew\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1new\j\b\i \Pverb\p to begin again or make new: '\Irenew\j\b\i a friendship'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we will \Irenew\j\b\i the lease for another year' (= extend).
b) 'he returned from his holiday with \Irenewed\j\b\i vigour' (= revived). \Brenewal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brenewable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able or due to be renewed.
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\Hrennet\h
\Pnoun\p a substance obtained from the inner lining of a calf's stomach and used to curdle milk, e.g. in making cheese or junket.
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\Hrenounce\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1nounce\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give up or disown: 'I \Irenounce\j\b\i all claim to the inheritance'. \Brenunciation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrenovate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1renn\j\b\ia-vate \Pverb\p to repair to the original condition: 'to \Irenovate\j\b\i an old house'. \Brenovation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of renovating, b) (plural) the changes or repairs made; \Brenovator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p the payment made by one person or group in return for the use or occupation of a property which belongs to another. \Brent\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give or obtain use or occupation of property in exchange for payment; \Brental\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrent (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a tear or rip.
\Brent\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Brend\j\b\i.
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\Hrental\h
\Pnoun\p the amount received or paid as rent.
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\Hrenunciation\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrenounce\j\b\i.
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\Hrep (1)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a representative.
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\Hrep (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) repertory theatre.
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\Hrepaid\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Brepay\j\b\i.
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\Hrepair (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pair\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put back into good or whole condition.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'nothing could \Irepair\j\b\i the damage to her faith' (= make up for). \Brepair\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the work or process of repairing, b) the condition due to repairing; \Brepairable\j\b\i, \Breparable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rep\j\b\iara-b'l), \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hrepair (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pair\j\b\i \Pverb\p an old word meaning to go or take oneself. \Brepair\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Ireparer\j\b\i to return to one's own country
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\Hreparation\h
\Isay\j\b\i reppa-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of making amends or compensating. b) something done or given as compensation.
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\Hrepartee\h
\Isay\j\b\i reppar-\CX1tee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a quick or clever reply. b) the art of making such replies. c) a conversation made up of quick or witty exchanges. French \Irepartir\j\b\i to retort
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\Hrepast\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pahst\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a meal.
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\Hrepatriate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1pat\j\b\iri-ate \Pverb\p to send back a person, such as a refugee or prisoner of war, to his or or her own country. \Brepatriate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1pat\j\b\iri-it), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has been repatriated; \Brepatriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrepay\h
\Pverb\p (\Brepaid\j\b\i, \Brepaying\j\b\i)
to pay back: '\Irepay\j\b\i a loan'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'have you \Irepaid\j\b\i her kindness?' (= returned). \Brepayment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrepeal\h
\Pverb\p to cancel or withdraw: 'Parliament has \Irepealed\j\b\i the law'. \Brepeal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrepeat\h
\Pverb\p to say or do again: '\Irepeat\j\b\i the poem until you know it by memory'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please don't \Irepeat\j\b\i what I have just told you' (= tell anybody).
b) 'I'd hate to \Irepeat\j\b\i that terrible experience' (= go through again).
\Brepeat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of repeating. b) something which is repeated, such as a television programme.
\Brepeater\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a gun capable of firing several times without reloading.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which repeats, such as a watch which can be actuated to strike the last quarter-hour and the subsequent minutes (for use in the dark). \Brepeated\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, done or said again and again; \Brepeatedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brepetition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i reppa-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of repeating, b) something repeated.
to turn back or force away: 'to \Irepel\j\b\i an invasion of mice'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her chauvinism \Irepelled\j\b\i him' (= was distasteful to).
b) 'this spray will \Irepel\j\b\i insects' (= keep away).
c) 'oil will \Irepel\j\b\i water' (= not mix with). \Brepellence\j\b\i, \Brepellency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrepellent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pell\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p something which repels, especially a substance or solution used to repel insects, etc. \Brepellent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to repel or keep off, b) distasteful or revolting.
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\Hrepent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pent\j\b\i \Pverb\p to feel sorry or remorseful, especially with the intention to improve or reform: 'I hope that you \Irepent\j\b\i of your rudeness'. \Brepentance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brepentant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrepercussion\h
\Isay\j\b\i reepa-\CX1kush\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an indirect result or effect of some action, event, etc., especially if unexpected, unpleasant and self-proliferating.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rebounding, such as an echo.
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\Hrepertoire\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1repp\j\b\ia-twa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the stock or range of works, parts or pieces presented by a performer or company.
\CX12.\j\b\i a range or number of skills belonging to a particular person or group. French
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\Hrepertory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1repp\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a theatre or company of actors which presents a number of plays for a limited season.
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\Hrepetition\h
\Isay\j\b\i reppa-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p See \Jrepeat\j\b\i.
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\Hrepetition strain injury\h
short form is \BRSI\j\b\i
a term covering a variety of medical conditions in any part of the body subject to repetitive movement.
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\Hrepetitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i reppa-\CX1tish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p tending to repeat, especially in a needless way.
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\Hrepetitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pett\j\b\ia-tiv \Padjective\p of or tending to repeat. \Brepetitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrepine\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to complain or fret.
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\Hreplace\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put back in place or position: 'please \Ireplace\j\b\i books on their correct shelves'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take the place of or provide a substitute for: 'nothing can \Ireplace\j\b\i the good old days'. \Breplacement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreplay\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1play\j\b\i \Pverb\p a) to play over again: '\Ireplay\j\b\i a game';
b) to play again the record of an event or entertainment: 'to \Ireplay\j\b\i an old film'. \Breplay\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-play), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreplenish\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1plenn\j\b\iish \Pverb\p to supply or fill again: 'let the waiter \Ireplenish\j\b\i your glasses'. \Breplenishment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreplete\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pleet\j\b\i \Padjective\p well supplied or filled: 'the guests sat back \Ireplete\j\b\i with rich food and wine'. \Brepletion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irepletus\j\b\i filled
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\Hreplica\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rep\j\b\ili-ka \Pnoun\p an exact copy or reproduction, especially of a work of art. \Breplicate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make an exact copy of; \Breplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to say or do something in return: 'have you \Ireplied\j\b\i to his letter yet?'. \Breply\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a statement or action made or given in return.
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\Hreport\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an account of a particular subject: a) 'a \Ireport\j\b\i on today's market prices'; b) 'a \Ireport\j\b\i on a student's progress at school'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'according to \Ireport\j\b\i, she is the most likely candidate' (= talk, reputation).
\CX12.\j\b\i a loud bang or explosion.
\Breport\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give an account, statement or description of: 'his speech was \Ireported\j\b\i in the newspapers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ireported\j\b\i his noisy neighbours to the police' (= made a complaint or charge against).
\CX12.\j\b\i to present oneself: 'you should \Ireport\j\b\i for work at noon'.
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\Hreported speech\h
the words of one person as described or modified by another.
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\Hreporter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person employed to collect and report or write about news, current events, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person appointed to take notes or report on official proceedings, etc.: 'a court \Ireporter\j\b\i'.
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\Hrepose (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i rest or relaxation.
\CX12.\j\b\i calm, tranquillity. \Brepose\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to lie on something, b) to be resting or peaceful; \Breposeful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, calm; \Breposefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrepose (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to place or put, usually one's faith, trust or confidence.
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\Hrepository\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pozzi\j\b\i-tree \Pnoun\p a place where things are deposited or stored.
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\Hrepossess\h
\Isay\j\b\i reepo-\CX1zess\j\b\i \Pnoun\p to take back possession of: 'their creditors have \Irepossessed\j\b\i the car'. \Brepossession\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreprehensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i repri-\CX1hen\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p deserving blame or rebuke: 'a \Ireprehensible\j\b\i attack on an innocent person'. \Breprehensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breprehend\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to blame or find fault with; \Breprehension\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrepresent\h
\Isay\j\b\i repri-\CX1zent\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stand for: 'each sign on the scale \Irepresents\j\b\i a note'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young politician \Irepresents\j\b\i a large electorate' (= acts on behalf of).
\CX12.\j\b\i to present, describe or give a picture of: 'the father \Irepresents\j\b\i his son as a brilliant scholar'.
\Brepresentative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person who acts for or instead of another or others: a) 'who is your legal \Irepresentative\j\b\i?'; b) 'I got a job as a sales \Irepresentative\j\b\i'. \Brepresentative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) serving to represent, b) typical.
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\Hrepresentation\h
\Isay\j\b\i repri-zen-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of representing: 'his \Irepresentation\j\b\i of the facts did not match hers'. b) the state of being represented: 'we demand equal \Irepresentation\j\b\i in parliament'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which represents or depicts, such as a statue.
\CX13.\j\b\i a speech or action made on behalf of a person, group, etc.: 'her lawyer will make a \Irepresentation\j\b\i to the court'.
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\Hrepress\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1press\j\b\i \Pverb\p to hold back or restrain: a) 'she could not \Irepress\j\b\i a smile'; b) 'the new law tried to \Irepress\j\b\i the workers'. \Brepression\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brepresser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brepressible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be repressed; \Brepressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to repress.
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\Hreprieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1preev\j\b\i \Pverb\p to postpone, suspend or cancel the punishment of. \Breprieve\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the postponement, etc. of a punishment, b) a temporary relief or release.
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\Hreprimand\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rep\j\b\iri-mahnd \Pverb\p to rebuke sharply or formally. \Breprimand\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreprint\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1print\j\b\i \Pverb\p to print again.
anything which has been printed again, such as a new, unchanged edition of a book.
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\Hreprisal\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pry\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p an attack, punishment, injury, etc. made in retaliation for some injury.
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\Hreproach\h
\Pverb\p to express disapproval, usually about a personal matter and intending to cause a feeling of shame. \Breproach\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breproachful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, expressing blame; \Breproachfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breproachfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreprobate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rep\j\b\ira-bate \Pnoun\p a person without principles or morals.
\Breprobate\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
depraved or corrupt. \Breprobate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to disapprove or condemn; \Breprobation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreprocessing\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the treatment of used nuclear reactor fuel elements to extract fissionable material which may be reused.
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\Hreproduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-pro-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to have or give birth to offspring.
\CX12.\j\b\i to produce an identical or very similar form of: 'to \Ireproduce\j\b\i a painting from the original'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'can you \Ireproduce\j\b\i the scene for the jury?' (= create again). \Breproduction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of reproducing, b) something which is produced again or in an identical form; \Breproductive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or relating to reproduction, b) able to reproduce; \Breproducible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be reproduced.
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\Hreprove\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1proov\j\b\i \Pverb\p to scold or express disapproval. \Breproof\j\b\i, \Breproval\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a) the act of reproving, b) an expression of disapproval, etc.; \Breprovingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hreptile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of cold-blooded, air-breathing animals, such as the snake, turtle, etc., having a backbone and usually scales or tough, horny skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sly or treacherous person. \Breptilian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rep-\CX1till\j\b\iian), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ireptilis\j\b\i creeping
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\Hrepublic\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pub\j\b\ilik \Pnoun\p a country without a monarch, especially one with an elected government and a single, elected leader. \Brepublican\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to a republic, b) in favour of a republic as the form of government; \Brepublican\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who favours a republic as the form of government; \Brepublicanism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ires publica\j\b\i public concern
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\Hrepudiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pew\j\b\idi-ate \Pverb\p to refuse to accept, recognise or own: a) 'scientists have \Irepudiated\j\b\i this man's theory'; b) 'I \Irepudiate\j\b\i any debts my husband incurs'. \Brepudiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irepudium\j\b\i divorce
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\Hrepugnant\h
\Padjective\p offensive or distasteful. \Brepugnance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) an extreme dislike or distaste, b) the state of being repugnant. Latin \Irepugnans\j\b\i fighting against
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\Hrepulse\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1puls\j\b\i \Pverb\p to drive back or resist: a) 'our troops have \Irepulsed\j\b\i the enemy'; b) 'do not \Irepulse\j\b\i his friendly approaches'. \Brepulse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rejection; \Brepulsion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pul\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of repulsing or repelling, b) a feeling of disgust. Latin \Irepulsus\j\b\i repelled
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\Hrepulsive\h
\Padjective\p causing extreme distaste or dislike: 'please get rid of that \Irepulsive\j\b\i smell!'.
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\Hreputable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rep\j\b\i-yoota-b'l \Padjective\p having a good reputation. \Breputably\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rep-\CX1yoo\j\b\ita-blee), \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breputability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rep-yoota-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreputation\h
\Isay\j\b\i rep-yoo-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the general opinion concerning the character or qualities of a person or thing: 'he has a \Ireputation\j\b\i for cheating his customers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a man of some \Ireputation\j\b\i in this town' (= favour, credit).
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\Hrepute\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1pewt\j\b\i \Pnoun\p fame or reputation, especially favourable reputation.
\Brepute\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to consider or regard as: 'she's \Ireputed\j\b\i to be a witch'. \Breputedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrequest\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kwest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to express a wish, to ask for: 'she \Irequested\j\b\i a loan from the bank'. \Brequest\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of asking, b) something which is asked for.
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\Hrequiem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\iwi-em \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a mass celebrated for the peace of the dead.
\CX12.\j\b\i any ceremony, composition, etc. for the dead. Latin \Irequies\j\b\i rest
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\Hrequire\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kwire\j\b\i \Pverb\p to need: a) 'all visitors \Irequire\j\b\i permission to enter'; b) 'I \Irequire\j\b\i you to remain silent at all times'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'do you \Irequire\j\b\i anything else, sir?' (= want, wish for). \Brequirement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which is required or obligatory.
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\Hrequisite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rek\j\b\iwi-zit \Padjective\p necessary or required. \Brequisite\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a requirement.
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\Hrequisition\h
\Isay\j\b\i rekwi-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a formal demand or request.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of demanding or requesting. \Brequisition\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to take over or demand for use, especially for official or military purposes.
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\Hrequite\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1kwite\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give in return.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they were determined to \Irequite\j\b\i the murder of their leader' (= revenge). \Brequital\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, repayment or retaliation.
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\Hreredos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1reer\j\b\i-doss \Pnoun\p a screen or decorated part of a wall behind the altar in a church. \Brear\j\b\i + French \Idos\j\b\i back
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\Hre-run\h
\Pnoun\p a film or programme which is repeated, e.g. on television, etc. \Bre-run\j\b\i (\Bre-ran\j\b\i, \Bre-run\j\b\i, \Bre-running\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrescind\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sind\j\b\i \Pverb\p to cancel or withdraw formally: 'to \Irescind\j\b\i a trade agreement'. \Brescission\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1si\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of rescinding. Latin \Irescindere\j\b\i to cut back
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\Hrescue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1res\j\b\ikew \Pverb\p to free from danger, imprisonment or unpleasantness. \Brescue\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of rescuing; \Brescuer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hresearch\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1serch\j\b\i \Pnoun\p careful or systematic work to seek facts, information, etc. \Bresearch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to investigate thoroughly.
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\Hresection\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1sek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an operation to remove part of a bone, organ, etc. \Bresect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hresemble\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zem\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p to be or appear similar to: 'she \Iresembles\j\b\i her grandmother'.
\Bresemblance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the fact of resembling. b) the degree or amount to which something resembles another: 'there is little \Iresemblance\j\b\i between the two languages'.
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\Hresent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zent\j\b\i \Pverb\p to feel an indignant or angry dislike for: 'I \Iresent\j\b\i those rude comments'. \Bresentment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bresentful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bresentfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bresentfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Isentire\j\b\i to feel
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\Hreservation\h
\Isay\j\b\i rezza-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of keeping, withholding or setting aside. b) something which is reserved.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you seem to have \Ireservations\j\b\i about parts of our agreement' (= uncertainties, possible objections).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) an arrangement in advance to keep something, such as a hotel room, seat in an aeroplane, etc. b) a record of such an arrangement.
\CX13.\j\b\i an area of public land set aside for a particular purpose, especially for the use of native or aboriginal peoples.
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\Hreserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zerv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep back or save: a) 'the judge has \Ireserved\j\b\i his decision; b) 'we must \Ireserve\j\b\i some water for the horses'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this park is \Ireserved\j\b\i for camping' (= set aside).
b) 'we \Ireserved\j\b\i a seat for you on tomorrow's train' (= booked, organised).
c) 'I \Ireserve\j\b\i the right to make the final decision' (= claims).
\Breserve\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is kept, saved or set aside: 'a \Ireserve\j\b\i of food'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of being reserved: 'food kept in \Ireserve\j\b\i for emergencies'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a quality of aloofness, self-restraint or discretion.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i an extra member of a team who is prepared to replace any player unable to take part in or continue a game.
\CX15.\j\b\i a land reservation: 'a wildlife \Ireserve\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i the part of the armed forces not belonging to the regular forces of the country but called to active service in time of war. \Breservedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breservedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Iservare\j\b\i to keep
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\Hreservoir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\ia-vwa \Ior\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\ia-vaw \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a place or container for storing water. b) the water which is stored.
\CX12.\j\b\i any container for a fluid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has a vast \Ireservoir\j\b\i of knowledge' (= supply, store). French
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the place in which one lives or resides. b) a large house.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of residing. b) the fact of being a resident.
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\Hresident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\ii-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who lives or resides in a particular place.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a doctor who lives in a hospital, often during his or her first year as a qualified doctor. Also called an \Bintern\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any animal which does not migrate. \Bresident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) living or dwelling, b) living in the place of one's work; \Bresidency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact or time of residing, especially of a medical resident; \Bresidential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rezzi-\CX1den\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or used for residence, b) providing accommodation, as a hotel.
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\Hresidual\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zid\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p left over or remaining. \Bresidual\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hresidue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\ii-dew \Pnoun\p something which remains or is left over: 'what is that \Iresidue\j\b\i in your glass?'.
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\Hresign\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zine\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give up a position, etc.
\Bbe resigned to\j\b\i, 'I \Iam resigned to\j\b\i the fact that we may not win' (= accept). \Bresignation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rezzig-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of resigning one's position or job, b) a statement of this, c) the state of being submissive or unresisting; \Bresignedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hre-sign\h
\Pverb\p to sign again.
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\Hresilient\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zill\j\b\i-y'nt \Padjective\p elastic or springing back.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Iresilient\j\b\i nature helped her to get better quickly' (= quick to recover). \Bresilience\j\b\i, \Bresiliency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being resilient; \Bresiliently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Isalire\j\b\i to jump
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\Hresin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a class of synthetic or organic, amorphous substances, such as rosin or shellac, which is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents and used as polishes and lacquers. \Bresinous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, resembling or containing resin.
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\Hresist\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to fight or act against: 'do not try to \Iresist\j\b\i temptation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we could not \Iresist\j\b\i a smile at his antics' (= hold back).
\Bresistance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or power of resisting or opposing: 'this medicine will increase your \Iresistance\j\b\i to infection'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i the tendency of all substances to resist the flow of electric current and to convert it into heat.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the secret organisations in an enemy-occupied country, which continue to work for liberation.
\Bline of least resistance\j\b\i, the easiest, least troublesome way. \Bresistant\j\b\i, \Bresistive\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, able or working to resist; \Bresistible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to resist; \Bresistless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not able to resist or be resisted; \Bresister\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hresistor\h
\Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a body with a high electrical resistance.
\Isay\j\b\i rezza-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a firm decision or determination: 'I've made a \Iresolution\j\b\i to stop swearing'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a formal statement of a decision or proposal: 'please read out the \Iresolution\j\b\i so it may be voted on'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a solution or answer: 'the \Iresolution\j\b\i of this problem is going to be difficult'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act or process of separating into parts.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of screens and printers) the degree of fineness and clarity of the image produced.
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\Hresolve\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zolv\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fix or decide firmly: 'I \Iresolved\j\b\i never to do it again'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to deal with, solve or settle: 'we must \Iresolve\j\b\i the issue now'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to separate or break up: 'it \Iresolved\j\b\i into tiny particles'.
\Bresolve\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a firm determination: 'she was filled with \Iresolve\j\b\i not to fail'.
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\Hresonance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rezz\j\b\ia-nance \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the prolonging, vibrating or re-echoing of sound: 'the \Iresonance\j\b\i of the ringing bells filled the church'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the increasing amplification of a vibration of a given frequency in a mechanical or electrical system as an external vibratory stimulus approaches the same frequency.
\Bresonant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of, producing or showing resonance.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Iresonant\j\b\i voice held the audience's attention' (= deep, rich). \Bresonate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to resound or re-echo; \Bresonantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hresort\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zort\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make use of for help, etc.: 'we were forced to \Iresort\j\b\i to walking during the transport strike'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go to or visit often: 'he was known to \Iresort\j\b\i to the local pubs'.
\Bresort\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of resorting: 'we must try to win without \Iresort\j\b\i to violence'. b) a person or thing to which one resorts.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place visited or used often: 'a popular beach \Iresort\j\b\i'.
\Blast resort\j\b\i, a person or thing used when all else has failed.
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\Hresound\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zound\j\b\i \Pverb\p to echo or ring again, especially loudly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the news \Iresounded\j\b\i throughout the country' (= produced a sensation).
\Bresounding\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
echoing or ringing: 'a \Iresounding\j\b\i knock'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the play has been a \Iresounding\j\b\i success' (= very great, absolute).
b) 'she received a \Iresounding\j\b\i slap' (= strong, firm). \Bresoundingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hresource\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sorce\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i re-\CX1zorce\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a source or supply: 'he was at the end of his \Iresources\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) reserves of potential wealth in the form of goods, raw materials, etc.: 'a nation rich in natural \Iresources\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is available for help, support, etc. when needed: 'her great \Iresource\j\b\i is her optimism'.
\CX14.\j\b\i skill or ability, especially in dealing with difficulties, etc.: 'a man of great \Iresource\j\b\i'. \Bresourceful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to act, help, etc. skilfully or efficiently; \Bresourcefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bresourcefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrespect\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an appreciation of a person's worth or qualities: a) 'we have a high \Irespect\j\b\i for him as a leader'; b) 'please show your mother more \Irespect\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'mother sends her \Irespects\j\b\i to you all' (= best or polite wishes).
\CX12.\j\b\i a detail or aspect: 'our opinions differ in many \Irespects\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i reference: 'he writes with \Irespect\j\b\i to your visit next month'.
\Brespectable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of an acceptable moral or social standard, reputation, etc.: 'this does not look like a \Irespectable\j\b\i neighbourhood'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she inherited a \Irespectable\j\b\i sum' (= fair, moderate).
b) 'is my shirt \Irespectable\j\b\i enough to wear?' (= presentable, acceptable). \Brespect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to feel or show respect, consideration, etc. for; \Brespectful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, feeling or showing respect; \Brespectfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brespectfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brespectably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brespectability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-spekta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irespectus\j\b\i consideration, regard
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\Hrespective\h
\Padjective\p particular or individual: 'what are the \Irespective\j\b\i merits of the two towns?'. \Brespectively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrespiration\h
\Isay\j\b\i respi-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i breathing, a breath.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the process by which oxygen and carbohydrates are incorporated into an organism and carbon dioxide and water are given off. b) the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment. \Brespire\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1spire\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to breathe; \Brespiratory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ress-\CX1pirr\j\b\ia-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or used for respiration.
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\Hrespirator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1res\j\b\ipi-rayta \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i See \Jgasmask\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a machine to induce artificial respiration.
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\Hrespite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1res\j\b\ipit \Ior\j\b\i re-\CX1spite\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a brief or temporary rest, delay or relief: 'the rain provided a little \Irespite\j\b\i from the intense heat'. \Brespite\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to delay or relieve temporarily.
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\Hresplendent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1splen\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p splendid or shining brilliantly. \Bresplendency\j\b\i, \Bresplendence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrespond\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1spond\j\b\i \Pverb\p to speak or act in return: 'she \Iresponded\j\b\i to the joke with a smile'.
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\Hrespondent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the defendant in a court case, especially in a divorce case.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who responds. \Brespondent\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, answering.
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\Hresponse\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of responding. b) something said or done in return. \Bresponsive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, readily responding or reacting; \Bresponsively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bresponsiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hresponsible\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1spon\j\b\isi-b'l \Padjective\p having to look after, manage, take blame on behalf of, etc.: 'parents are \Iresponsible\j\b\i for their children'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'after the accident the police looked for the person \Iresponsible\j\b\i' (= who caused it).
b) 'she has a very \Iresponsible\j\b\i position in the company' (= involving decision, control, etc.).
c) 'he is a very \Iresponsible\j\b\i child for his age' (= reliable). \Bresponsibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-sponsi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being responsible, b) a person or thing for which one is responsible; \Bresponsibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a responsible or reliable manner.
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\Hrest (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stopping of or relief from activity, work, etc.: 'let's have a \Irest\j\b\i after one more practice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a refreshing calm, peace or relaxation: 'a night of \Irest\j\b\i after a troubled day'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a freedom from worry, disturbance, etc.: 'please put her mind at \Irest\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a pause, such as a silence between musical notes or a break in a line of poetry.
\CX15.\j\b\i a device or object which supports: 'an \Iarmrest\j\b\i'.
\Blay\j\b\i, \Bput to rest\j\b\i, a) to bury; b) to suppress or put down.
\Brest\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to have a rest: a) 'they \Irested\j\b\i from the tedious work for a while'; b) '\Irest\j\b\i on the bed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be supported: 'her chin \Irested\j\b\i on her cupped hands'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his eyes \Irested\j\b\i briefly on the window' (= were directed or fixed).
b) 'the success of the party \Irests\j\b\i on good music' (= depends).
c) 'I think we should let the matter \Irest\j\b\i here' (= remain).
\Brest with\j\b\i, to be the concern of.
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\Hrest (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the part or amount which remains or is left over: 'where is the \Irest\j\b\i of the cake?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Irest\j\b\i of us will all come except Sally' (= others). \Brest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to remain or continue to be.
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\Hrestate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1state\j\b\i \Pverb\p to state again or in a different way. \Brestatement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrestaurant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rest\j\b\ia-ront \Pnoun\p a place where meals are bought, served and eaten. \Brestaurateur\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i resta-ra-\CX1ter\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who owns or manages a restaurant. \Brestaurant\j\b\i came into English from French. The French word \Irestaurant\j\b\i comes from the \Pverb\p \Irestaurer\j\b\i, to restore, being a place where travellers could be restored when hungry and thirsty. Note that there is no 'n' in \Irestaurateur\j\b\i, the name for a person who runs a \Irestaurant\j\b\i.
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\Hrestful\h
\Padjective\p a) giving rest. b) quiet or peaceful. \Brestfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brestfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrestitution\h
\Isay\j\b\i resti-\CX1tew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a restoring of or compensation for loss, damage, expense, etc. \Brestitute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrestive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1res\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p impatiently discontented or irritated: 'the crowd became \Irestive\j\b\i waiting for the game to begin'. \Brestively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brestiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Brestive, restless\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. While \Irestive\j\b\i and \Irestless\j\b\i both relate to irritation, agitation and unease, \Irestive\j\b\i also suggests resistance to someone or something: 'the hot day had made the children \Irestless\j\b\i' whereas 'the children were \Irestive\j\b\i with the new baby-sitter and refused to go to bed on time'.
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\Hrestless\h
\Padjective\p not able to rest, relax or remain quiet: 'a \Irestless\j\b\i sleeper'. \Brestlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brestlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jrestive\j\b\i.
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\Hrestore\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1stor\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bring back: 'the police tried to \Irestore\j\b\i order after the riot'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of restoring: a) 'the \Irestoration\j\b\i of old houses to their original condition'; b) 'the \Irestoration\j\b\i of peace after war'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has been returned to its original condition. \Brestorative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to renew or restore; \Brestorative\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrestrain\h
\Pverb\p to hold back.
\Brestraint\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of restraining.
\CX12.\j\b\i an action, influence, etc. which restrains or restricts: a) 'we were forced to use physical \Irestraint\j\b\i'; b) 'solitary confinement is a \Irestraint\j\b\i used on prisoners'.
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\Hrestrict\h
\Pverb\p to keep within limits, etc.: a) 'her movements will be \Irestricted\j\b\i by the brace on her leg'; b) '\Irestrict\j\b\i your questions to the main topic'. \Brestriction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brestrictive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending or used to restrict; \Brestricted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (of an area, etc.) for the use of authorised or chosen people only.
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\Hrestrictive trade practice\h
an agreement between trading companies which is not in the interests of the public, usually because it restricts competition on pricing, quality, etc.
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\Hresult\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is caused by or arises from an action, condition, etc.: 'this dreadful mess is the direct \Iresult\j\b\i of your untidiness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity or answer obtained by calculation.
\CX13.\j\b\i the outcome of a game, contest, etc.
\Bresult\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to exist or occur because of: 'the crash \Iresulted\j\b\i from careless driving'. \Bresultant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, following as a result; \Bresultant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iresultare\j\b\i to rebound
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\Hresume\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zew\j\b\im \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to begin or take up again: 'we will \Iresume\j\b\i this lesson tomorrow'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to occupy or take again: 'please \Iresume\j\b\i your seats for the speech'. \Bresumption\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1zump\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bresumptive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, repeating.
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\HrΘsumΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rez\j\b\i-yoo-may \Pnoun\p a summary. French
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\Hresurgent\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1sir\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p rising or returning again: 'a \Iresurgent\j\b\i disease'. \Bresurgence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bresurge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hresurrect\h
\Isay\j\b\i rezza-\CX1rekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to bring back to life.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they tried to \Iresurrect\j\b\i their old friendship' (= resume).
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of coming or bringing back to life.
\CX12.\j\b\i any revival or return.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristianity:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a) the rising of Christ from the tomb, on the third day after the Crucifixion. b) the rising of the dead on the Day of Judgement.
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\Hresuscitate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1suss\j\b\ii-tate \Pverb\p to revive, especially from collapse or unconsciousness. \Bresuscitator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which resuscitates, especially a machine for this purpose; \Bresuscitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hretail\h
\Pnoun\p the selling of goods to the general public, usually in small quantities. Compare \Jwholesale\j\b\i.
\Bretail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to sell or be sold directly to individuals: 'luxury goods \Iretail\j\b\i at a high price'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'sit down and I will \Iretail\j\b\i all the gossip' (= tell or repeat in detail). \Bretail\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bretailer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or shop that deals in retail; \Bretail\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Old French \Iretaille\j\b\i a piece cut off
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\Hretain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to continue to hold, do, use, etc.: a) 'she \Iretained\j\b\i her dignity despite the embarrassing mistake'; b) 'her memory \Iretains\j\b\i everything she reads'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hire: 'they \Iretained\j\b\i the services of a leading barrister'.
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\Hretainer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a servant, especially a personal one.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a follower or dependant of a noble.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device for holding a part in place.
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\Hretainer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a fee paid to reserve the services of a professional, such as a lawyer.
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\Hretaliate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to repay an injury, wrong, etc. with another: 'the bombed troops \Iretaliated\j\b\i with a surprise attack'. \Bretaliation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bretaliatory\j\b\i, \Bretaliative\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hretard\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1tard\j\b\i \Pverb\p to slow down or delay the progress of: a) 'frosts \Iretarded\j\b\i the growth of the vegetables'; b) 'the slow development of a mentally \Iretarded\j\b\i child'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\ii-s'nt \Padjective\p not communicative. \Breticently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Breticence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreticulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to form into a net or network. \Breticulate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1tik\j\b\i-yoo-lit), \Breticular\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or like a net; \Breticulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hreticule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\ii-kewl \Pnoun\p a small purse or handbag, originally made of network.
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\Hretina\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\iina \Pnoun\p plural is \Bretinas\j\b\i or \Bretinae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\ii-nee)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the inner lining at the back of the eye, containing the light-sensitive cells (called \Brods\j\b\i and \Bcones\j\b\i). \Bretinal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Irete\j\b\i a net
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\Hretinue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\ii-new \Pnoun\p a group of attendants accompanying an important person. French, retained
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\Hretire\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to go away or withdraw to another place, as for rest, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give up work permanently. \Bretirement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bretiree\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has given up paid employment permanently.
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\Hretiring\h
\Padjective\p shy or reserved.
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\Hretort (1)\h
\Pverb\p to reply to an argument, accusation, etc. with another, usually quickly and sharply. \Bretort\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hretort (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a) a bulb-shaped glass vessel with a long neck sloping downwards from the top, used in distillation. b) any vessel in which chemical reactions take place in industrial processes.
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\Hretouch\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1tutch\j\b\i \Pverb\p to improve or correct by adding new details, etc.: 'to \Iretouch\j\b\i a photograph'.
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\Hretrace\h
\Pverb\p to go back over: 'we \Iretraced\j\b\i our steps to look for the lost keys'.
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\Hretract\h
\Pverb\p to withdraw or take back: a) 'the tortoise \Iretracted\j\b\i its head'; b) 'I insist that you \Iretract\j\b\i your statement'. \Bretractable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bretractile\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be drawn back or in, as the body of a snail into its shell; \Bretraction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or power of retracting, b) a withdrawal; \Bretractor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that retracts.
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\Hretread\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-tred \Pnoun\p also called a \Brecap\j\b\i
a tyre which is restored or renewed by moulding a new rubber tread onto it. \Bretread\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1tred\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to restore a tyre in this way.
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\Hre-tread\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1tred\j\b\i \Pverb\p (\Bre-trod\j\b\i, \Bre-trodden\j\b\i or \Bre-trod\j\b\i, \Bre-treading\j\b\i)
to tread or walk on again.
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\Hretreat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of withdrawing to safety, etc., such as the forced withdrawal of a military force.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place which is quiet, safe or peaceful: 'a holiday \Iretreat\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a period of seclusion or retirement: 'a religious \Iretreat\j\b\i'. \Bretreat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to go back or withdraw.
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\Hretrench\h
\Pverb\p to dismiss or cut down: 'the company is forced to \Iretrench\j\b\i half the staff'. \Bretrenchment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Iretrencher\j\b\i to cut back
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\Hretrial\h
\Pnoun\p a second trial.
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\Hretribution\h
\Isay\j\b\i retri-\CX1bew\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a repayment, especially in the form of punishment. \Bretributive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1trib\j\b\i-yoo-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or involving retribution.
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\Hretrieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1treev\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring back or recover: 'watch the dog \Iretrieve\j\b\i the stick'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it's too late to \Iretrieve\j\b\i the situation now' (= restore).
b) 'he can never \Iretrieve\j\b\i his honourable reputation' (= regain).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to obtain information stored in a computer-based system.
\Bretriever\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which retrieves, such as a breed of dog trained to retrieve game. \Bretrieve\j\b\i, \Bretrieval\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, recovery. Old French \Iretrover\j\b\i to find again
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\Hretro-\h
a prefix meaning backwards, as in \Iretrospect\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hretroactive\h
\Isay\j\b\i retro-\CX1ak\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p (of a law, etc.) having retrospective effect. \Bretroactively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bretroaction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, action which is opposite to the action before it; \Bretroactivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i retro-ak-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact of being retroactive.
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\Hretrograde\h
\Padjective\p moving backwards, especially to an earlier or less developed condition.
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\Hretrogress\h
\Pverb\p to move backwards, especially to an earlier or worse condition. \Bretrogressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bretrogression\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hretro-rocket\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bretrograde rocket\j\b\i
a rocket motor attached to a spacecraft, fired in the direction in which the spacecraft is travelling in order to slow it down.
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\Hretrospect\h
\Pnoun\p a survey of past events.
\Bin retrospect\j\b\i, when subsequently considered. \Bretrospection\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a survey of the past; \Bretrospective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) looking back or to the past, b) (of a law, etc.) having effect from a past date, c) applying to past actions.
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\Hreturn\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to come or go back: a) 'at last I \Ireturned\j\b\i home'; b) 'he has \Ireturned\j\b\i to his old habits'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause something to come or go back: a) '\Ireturn\j\b\i the money I lent you'; b) 'the tennis player \Ireturned\j\b\i the ball with a powerful stroke'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Ireturn\j\b\i good for evil' (= pay back).
b) 'the shares \Ireturned\j\b\i a small profit' (= produced).
c) 'a new government was \Ireturned\j\b\i' (= elected).
d) 'the jury \Ireturned\j\b\i its verdict' (= gave).
\Breturn\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of returning: a) 'on my \Ireturn\j\b\i, I went to bed'; b) 'the tennis player hit a splendid \Ireturn\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) something which is returned, such as the votes counted in an election.
\CX13.\j\b\i a restoration, reappearance or repetition: 'I'm still waiting for the \Ireturn\j\b\i of the book I lent you'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'what \Ireturn\j\b\i did you get on your investment?' (= profit).
b) 'she filled in her tax \Ireturn\j\b\i' (= official statement).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby return\j\b\i, 'please reply \Iby return\j\b\i' (= by the next post).
\Bmany happy returns\j\b\i, a greeting offered to people on their birthday.
\Bpoint of no return\j\b\i, the point at which one has gone too far to be able to turn back.
\Breturn\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to returning: a) 'buy a \Ireturn\j\b\i ticket if you're coming back tonight'; b) 'she had a \Ireturn\j\b\i attack of measles'. \Breturnable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be returned, b) to be returned.
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\Hreturning officer\h
the official who supervises an election and announces the result.
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\Hreturn match\h
a game played again so that the loser has a chance of challenging the winner.
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\Hreunion\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1yoon\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p the act of being reunited, especially the meeting of people after a separation.
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\Hreunite\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-yoo-\CX1nite\j\b\i \Pverb\p to unite or bring together again.
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\Hrev\h
\Pverb\p (\Brevved\j\b\i, \Brevving\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to increase engine speed quickly. \Brev\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an engine revolution.
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\Hrevalue\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1val\j\b\i-yoo \Pverb\p to give a new value to. \Brevaluation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrevamp\h
\Pverb\p to renovate or repair.
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\Hreveal\h
\Pverb\p a) to display: 'this dress \Ireveals\j\b\i my horrible knees'. b) to make known: 'don't \Ireveal\j\b\i my secret to anyone'. Latin \Irevelare\j\b\i to unveil
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\Hreveille\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1vell\j\b\iee \Ior\j\b\i re-\CX1val\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i the bugle call signalling soldiers to get up in the morning. Compare \Jlast post\j\b\i. French \IrΘveillez\j\b\i wake up
\Brevel in\j\b\i, to take great pleasure or delight in.
\Brevel\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Ioften plural\j\b\i) merrymaking. \Brevelry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Ireveler\j\b\i to rebel or make a noise
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\Hrevelation\h
\Isay\j\b\i revva-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) the act of revealing: 'we were shocked by the \Irevelation\j\b\i of his secret'. b) something that is revealed: 'the news was a \Irevelation\j\b\i to us'.
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\Hrevenge\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1venj\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any repayment for a wrong or injury: 'I'll get \Irevenge\j\b\i for that insult!'.
\Brevenge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to take revenge: 'I \Irevenged\j\b\i myself on the murderer'. \Brevengeful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brevengefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brevengefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrevenue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1revv\j\b\ia-new \Pnoun\p any income, especially that received by a government from taxation.
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\Hreverberate\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1ver\j\b\iba-rate \Pverb\p to sound or echo again and again: 'his screams \Ireverberated\j\b\i in the tunnel'. \Breverberation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Breverberatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrevere\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1veer\j\b\i \Pverb\p to treat or regard with deep respect.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title of respect for clergy of high rank. \Breverent\j\b\i, \Breverential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i revva-\CX1ren\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjectives\j\b\i, feeling, showing or characterised by reverence; \Breverently\j\b\i, \Breverentially\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i.
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\Hreverend\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1revv\j\b\ia-r'nd \Padjective\p \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title of respect for a member of the clergy: 'the \IReverend\j\b\i Mr Hudson'. \Breverend\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a member of the clergy.
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\Hreverie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1revv\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) quiet, pleasant dreaminess. b) a daydream. French \IrÉver\j\b\i to dream
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\Hrevers\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1veer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Brevers\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1veerz\j\b\i)
a section of a piece of clothing folded back to show the other side, such as a lapel.
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\Hreverse\h
\Padjective\p opposite in order, direction, position or character: 'what's on the \Ireverse\j\b\i side of that record?'.
\Breverse\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the opposite of something: 'the \Ireverse\j\b\i of what she says is also true'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the back of a coin, medal or postage stamp. Compare \Jobverse\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMechanics:\j\b\i a gear which enables a vehicle to move backwards.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'our plans suffered a major \Ireverse\j\b\i' (= defeat, check).
\Breverse\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to turn in or into an opposite direction, order, position or character: a) 'he has \Ireversed\j\b\i his decision and given his full consent'; b) 'she \Ireversed\j\b\i the car into the parking space'.
\Breversal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or an instance of reversing: 'the new system was a \Ireversal\j\b\i of the usual procedure'.
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\Hreversible\h
\Padjective\p able to be reversed, e.g. a piece of clothing made so that it can be worn inside out.
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\Hreversion\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of reverting: 'the court ordered the \Ireversion\j\b\i of the house to its original owner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the appearance of ancestral characters in an organism. b) a reverse mutation.
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\Hrevert\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to return to a former state, condition, subject, etc.: a) 'he quickly \Ireverted\j\b\i to his old ways'; b) 'I \Irevert\j\b\i to what I said earlier'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to return to the original owner.
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\Hreview\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vew\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general survey or examination: a) 'a \Ireview\j\b\i of the year's political events'; b) 'the general conducted a \Ireview\j\b\i of the troops'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his parole application comes up for \Ireview\j\b\i every third year' (= re-examination).
\CX12.\j\b\i a short critical article about a new book, film, play, art exhibition, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a magazine which contains articles examining current events, books, etc.
\Breview\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make, write or publish a review.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go over again: 'the court \Ireviewed\j\b\i the earlier judgement'. \Breviewer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who reviews books, films, etc.
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\Hrevile\h
\Pverb\p to insult or abuse. Old French \Ireviler\j\b\i to despise
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\Hrevise\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vize\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to alter or change: 'I have \Irevised\j\b\i my opinion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to read or study again, especially before an examination.
a) the act or process of revising: 'a week's \Irevision\j\b\i before the exams'. b) something which is revised, such as a new edition of a book. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivisere\j\b\i scrutinise
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\Hrevisionism\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vi\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n-izm \Pnoun\p a modified form of communism based on a belief in peaceful change rather than revolution. \Brevisionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrevitalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vie\j\b\i-ta-lize \Pverb\p revitalize to put new life or energy into: 'the new manager \Irevitalised\j\b\i the company'.
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\Hrevive\h
\Pverb\p to bring back to life or existence: a) 'we \Irevived\j\b\i her after we pulled her from the surf'; b) 'the government \Irevived\j\b\i an old law'.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to withdraw, cancel or repeal: 'I'll \Irevoke\j\b\i your privileges'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to omit to follow suit when able to do so. \Bre-\j\b\i + Latin \Ivocare\j\b\i to call
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\Hrevolt\h
\Pnoun\p a) the act of resisting authority, especially as a protest against oppression. b) the state of a person or persons who revolt: 'to be in \Irevolt\j\b\i'.
\Brevolt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to rise in rebellion against authority.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or become disgusted or horrified: 'I was \Irevolted\j\b\i by the terrible crime'. \Brevoltingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrevolution\h
\Isay\j\b\i revva-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or process of rotating or revolving: 'the \Irevolution\j\b\i of the earth around the sun'. b) a single turn or rotation: 'this record turns at 78 \Irevolutions\j\b\i per minute'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a complete change, such as that caused by the overthrow of a government or political system. \Brevolutionise\j\b\i, \Brevolutionize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to bring about a revolution or radical change.
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\Hrevolutionary\h
\Isay\j\b\i revva-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n-ree \Pnoun\p a person favouring or taking part in a revolution.
\Brevolutionary\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of, like or characterised by revolution.
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\Hrevolve\h
\Pverb\p to turn or cause to turn around something: 'the earth \Irevolves\j\b\i around the sun'.
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\Hrevolver\h
\Pnoun\p a pistol having a revolving cylinder with a number of chambers so that the bullets may be fired in succession.
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\Hrevue\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vew\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a form of entertainment consisting of a series of short acts and songs which usually satirise people and events.
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\Hrevulsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i re-\CX1vul\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a violent, revolted reaction against something: 'I shrank back in \Irevulsion\j\b\i'. Latin \Irevulsio\j\b\i a plucking away
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\Hreward\h
\Pnoun\p something offered or given in return for service or merit: 'what \Ireward\j\b\i will I get for my hard work?'. \Breward\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a reward to; \Brewarding\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, satisfying.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rap\j\b\isa-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a feeling or expression of great enthusiasm or delight: 'the critics are in \Irhapsodies\j\b\i about my latest novel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a short piece of romantic music. \Brhapsodical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rap-\CX1sodd\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a rhapsody; \Brhapsodically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brhapsodise\j\b\i, \Brhapsodize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Irhapsoidos\j\b\i one who strings songs together
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\Hrhea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p any of various South American birds with three toes, similar to a small ostrich.
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\Hrhenium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\ini-um \Pnoun\p element number 75, a hard metal used in thermocouples and as a catalyst. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hrheostat\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-o-stat \Pnoun\p a variable electrical resistor, such as a dimmer for theatrical lighting. Greek \Irheos\j\b\i stream + \Istatos\j\b\i stationary
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\Hrhesus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\i-sus \Pnoun\p a small, Indian monkey with a short tail, widely used in medical research.
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\Hrhetoric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rett\j\b\ia-rik \Pnoun\p the art of using words persuasively in speech and writing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'ignore his pompous \Irhetoric\j\b\i' (= insincere or artificial words).
\CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of rhetoric: 'we were impressed by his \Irhetorical\j\b\i skill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i artificial or exaggerated in language: 'this essay is empty and \Irhetorical\j\b\i'. \Brhetorically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brhetorician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i retta-\CX1rish\j\b\i'n) \Inoun\j\b\i, a student, teacher or user of rhetoric.
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\Hrhetorical question\h
a question that is asked for effect rather than to get an answer.
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\Hrheum\h
\Isay\j\b\i room \Pnoun\p an old word for a cold or catarrh.
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\Hrheumatic fever\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1matt\j\b\iik fever also called \Bacute rheumatism\j\b\i or \Brheumatic heart disease\j\b\i
the after-effects of a bacterial infection, especially in children, which causes fever, joint pains, and affects the lining of the heart.
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\Hrheumatism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1room\j\b\ia-tizm \Pnoun\p any of various diseases linked by the presence of pain and stiffness in joints and joint-muscles, including osteoarthritis, fibrositis and gout.
also called \Brheumatoid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\ima-toyd)
of, relating to or affected by rheumatism.
\Brheumatoid arthritis\j\b\i, a disease affecting the joints of fingers and toes which progressively stiffen. \Brheumatic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person suffering from rheumatism; \Brheumatics\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, rheumatic pains; \Brheumatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HRh factor\h
short form of \Brhesus factor\j\b\i
an antigen which is usually present in blood. Blood containing this factor is called \BRh positive\j\b\i and blood lacking it is called \BRh negative\j\b\i. first found in the blood of \Irhesus\j\b\i monkeys
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\Hrhinestone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rine\j\b\i-stone \Pnoun\p a colourless, imitation gem, usually imitating a diamond, made out of paste, glass or gem quartz.
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\Hrhinoceros\h
\Isay\j\b\i rye-\CX1noss\j\b\ierus \Pnoun\p plural is \Brhinoceroses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rye-\CX1noss\j\b\i-erusez)
short form is \Brhino\j\b\i
a large, thick-skinned, heavily built mammal with one or two horns on its snout, found on the plains of Africa and Asia. Greek \Irhinos\j\b\i nose + \Ikeras\j\b\i horn
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\Hrhizome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-zome \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an underground stem which is an organ of vegetative reproduction.
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\Hrhodium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p element number 45, a metal similar to and occurring with platinum and used as a catalyst and in alloys. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hrhododendron\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-da-\CX1den\j\b\idr'n \Pnoun\p any of a group of shrubs, related to the heath, with large clusters of flowers. Greek \Irhodon\j\b\i rose + \Idendron\j\b\i tree
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\Hrhomboid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rom\j\b\i-boyd \Pnoun\p a quadrilateral having each pair of opposite sides parallel, but with adjacent sides unequal and no right angles. \Brhomboid\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrhombus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rom\j\b\ibus \Pnoun\p a quadrilateral having equal, parallel sides but no right angles. \Brhombic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrhubarb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-barb \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the thick, long red stalks of a garden vegetable, usually eaten cooked as a dessert.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a confused noise (from stage extras repeating this word to imitate the hubbub of a crowd).
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\Hrhyme\h
\Isay\j\b\i rime \Pnoun\p also spelt \Brime\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the repetition of similar or identical sounds. \IExample:\j\b\i \Ipark\j\b\i, \Imark\j\b\i and \Ilark\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a verse or poem in which the last words of each line are rhymes.
\Brhyme or reason\j\b\i, 'she acted without \Irhyme or reason\j\b\i' (= sense, explanation).
\Brhyme\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of words or verses) to have identical sounds. \IExample:\j\b\i 'dog' \Irhymes\j\b\i with 'log'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or write rhymes or verses. Greek \Irhythmos\j\b\i rhythm
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\Hrhyming slang\h
a form of slang where the last word of a phrase rhymes with the word which is really meant, such as \Bdog's eye and dead horse\j\b\i (pie and sauce).
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\Hrhyolite\h
\Pnoun\p a very acidic rock, the lava form of granite.
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\Hrhythm\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ri\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any pattern of strong and weak beats in music or speech.
\CX12.\j\b\i any regular or recurrent pattern: 'the \Irhythm\j\b\i of the seasons'.
having a marked rhythm. \Brhythmically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrhythm and blues\h
a style of popular music combining elements of traditional blues and Negro folk music.
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\Hrhythm method\h
a contraceptive technique in which sexual intercourse is restricted to the infertile days of the menstrual cycle.
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\Hrib (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the slender bones forming a cage around the heart and lungs.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a rib, such as the vein of a leaf or a curved timber in a ship's frame. \Brib\j\b\i (\Bribbed\j\b\i, \Bribbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to supply with or mark off in ribs, b) to knit ribbing.
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\Hrib (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bribbed\j\b\i, \Bribbing\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tease.
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\Hribald\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ribb\j\b\iuld \Padjective\p irreverent, coarsely humorous or scurrilous. \Bribaldry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, ribald speech or behaviour.
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\Hribbing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an arrangement of ribs or rib-like parts, such as a ship's framework.
\CX12.\j\b\i a raised pattern made by knitting plain and purl stitches alternately, or by knitting clearly separated ridges.
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\Hribbon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a band of fabric used for tying, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that is long and thin like a ribbon: 'a \Iribbon\j\b\i of flowerbed along the fence'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my coat was torn to \Iribbons\j\b\i' (= shreds).
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\Hriboflavin\h
\Isay\j\b\i rybo-\CX1flay\j\b\i-vin \Pnoun\p See \Jvitamin b\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i\j\b\i under \Bvitamin\j\b\i.
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\Hribosome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ry\j\b\i-boh-sohm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the tiny structures within a cell's fluid which produce protein.
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\Hrice\h
\Pnoun\p a cereal plant which is an important food, often grown in water in warmer climates.
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\Hrice paper\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a very thin, edible paper made from rice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a paper made from the pith of a Chinese shrub.
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\Hrich\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having great wealth, resources or possessions.
\CX12.\j\b\i strong in taste, colour, smell, sound, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i expensive or elaborate in dress, jewellery, decoration, etc.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rick\j\b\i-ta scay'l a scale which measures the strength of disturbances in the earth, such as earthquakes. after \IC. F. Richter\j\b\i, born 1900, an American seismologist
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\Hrick (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a stack of hay or straw, usually thatched or covered for protection.
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\Hrick (2)\h
\Pverb\p to strain the muscles or ligaments of the neck, back, etc.
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\Hrickets\h
plural \Pnoun\p a disease due to a lack of vitamin D in the diet, causing deformed bones.
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\Hrickettsia\h
\Isay\j\b\i rik\CX1ket\j\b\isi-a \Pnoun\p a group of parasitic micro-organisms, usually found on lice, ticks and fleas and which may cause serious diseases, including typhus. after \IH. T. Ricketts\j\b\i, 1871-1910, an American pathologist
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\Hrickety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rikk\j\b\ia-tee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i shaky or tottering: 'the \Irickety\j\b\i table finally collapsed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or affected by rickets.
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\Hrickshaw\h
\Pnoun\p a small two-wheeled vehicle with a canopy, pulled by one or more persons and used in Asia to carry goods or passengers. Japanese \Ijinrikisha\j\b\i people-power-vehicle
\CX12.\j\b\i to be carried as a passenger, e.g. in a vehicle or on someone's back.
\CX13.\j\b\i to float or move as if by riding: a) 'the ship \Irode\j\b\i at anchor'; b) 'the eagle \Irode\j\b\i the wind'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the crankshaft \Irides\j\b\i on four bearings' (= is supported in moving).
b) 'this car \Irides\j\b\i well' (= travels, handles).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'will you stop \Iriding\j\b\i me about repairing the roof!' (= harassing).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it's such a small mistake you can let it \Iride\j\b\i' (= remain unchanged).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bride high\j\b\i, 'she is \Iriding high\j\b\i at the moment' (successful).
\Bride out\j\b\i, 'sit back and \Iride out\j\b\i the scandal' (= survive by enduring).
\Briding for a fall\j\b\i, heading for trouble.
\Bride\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a trip on horseback, bicycle, in a car, etc.
\Btake for a ride\j\b\i, 'you were foolish to be \Itaken for a ride\j\b\i' (= deceived).
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\Hrider\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who rides.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a secondary result arising from a proposition.
\CX13.\j\b\i an extra provision or condition: 'a clause was added to the document as a \Irider\j\b\i'.
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\Hridge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long, narrow area of raised land. b) any long, raised line where two sloping sides meet, e.g. along a roof or the backbone of an animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i an area of high pressure extending from a high.
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\Hridgepole\h
\Pnoun\p \IBuilding:\j\b\i the beam or board which forms the central line of a roof.
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\Hridicule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ridd\j\b\ii-kewl \Pverb\p to scoff at or make fun of: 'don't \Iridicule\j\b\i my serious suggestions'.
\Bridicule\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
words intended to provoke contempt or humorous derision for a person or thing.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ree\j\b\iz-ling \Ior\j\b\i \CX1rees\j\b\i-ling \Pnoun\p a dry white wine.
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\Hrife\h
\Padjective\p widespread or common: 'corruption was \Irife\j\b\i during the dictatorship'.
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\Hriff\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a melodic phrase played repeatedly as background or used as the main theme in jazz, etc.
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\Hriffle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to flutter and shift: 'the pages of the book \Iriffled\j\b\i in the breeze'. b) to thumb through: 'I \Iriffled\j\b\i quickly through the book'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to shuffle cards by dividing the pack in two and slipping the cards alternately together.
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\Hriffraff\h
\Pnoun\p any low or worthless people.
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\Hrifle (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-f'l \Pnoun\p a gun that is fired from the shoulder and has spiral grooves, called \Brifling\j\b\i, cut inside the barrel to make the bullet spin and so give greater accuracy.
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\Hrifle (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-f'l \Pverb\p a) to search through in order to steal something: 'the desk had been \Irifled\j\b\i by a thief'. b) to steal.
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\Hrift\h
\Pnoun\p a split or opening: 'a \Irift\j\b\i in the cliff face'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is a \Irift\j\b\i between the two friends' (= disagreement, dispute). \Brift\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to split or burst open.
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\Hrift valley\h
also called a \Bgraben\j\b\i
\IGeography:\j\b\i a valley formed by land sinking between two parallel faults.
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\Hrig\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the arrangement of masts, spars and sails on a boat.
\CX12.\j\b\i the equipment for some purpose, such as the drilling apparatus, derricks, etc. for mining.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dress or costume: 'you've got a strange \Irig\j\b\i on today'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a semi-trailer.
\Brig\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Brigged\j\b\i, \Brigging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fit a boat with masts, sails, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to manipulate or control dishonestly: 'the election was \Irigged\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Brig out\j\b\i, 'she \Irigged\j\b\i herself \Iout\j\b\i in a new outfit' (= dressed).
\Brig up\j\b\i, 'I'll \Irig up\j\b\i an aerial for the radio' (= quickly make or assemble).
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\Hrigger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who bolts together the metal framework of large buildings.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who rigs boats, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who assembles and repairs aeroplane parts, etc.
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\Hrigging\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the ropes, lines and stays used on or above the deck of a boat.
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\Hright\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the side opposite to left.
\CX12.\j\b\i in accordance with what is considered good, correct, true, honourable, etc.: 'it's not \Iright\j\b\i to treat someone cruelly'.
\CX13.\j\b\i true, correct or accurate: 'what is the \Iright\j\b\i time?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's not in his \Iright\j\b\i mind' (= normal, sound).
b) 'she can be relied on to say the \Iright\j\b\i thing' (= appropriate).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'well, you're a \Iright\j\b\i idiot, aren't you?' (= proper, real).
d) 'the \Iright\j\b\i honourable speaker' (= very).
\Bright\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i that which is right: 'he can't tell the difference between \Iright\j\b\i and wrong'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a just claim or title: 'I have a \Iright\j\b\i to be here'. b) that which one has a just claim to: 'I demand my \Irights\j\b\i'. c) that which is seen by some to be a just claim of others: 'I will fight for animal \Irights\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything on or towards the right.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a collective term for all individuals and groups with a conservative outlook.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby rights\j\b\i, in all fairness or justice.
\Bin the right\j\b\i, having truth, justice, etc. on one's side.
\Bput, set to rights\j\b\i, to put things into their correct or proper state.
\Bright\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i toward the right.
\CX12.\j\b\i straight or directly: a) 'go \Iright\j\b\i home'; b) 'let's get \Iright\j\b\i to the point'.
\CX13.\j\b\i completely or all the way: 'run \Iright\j\b\i around the oval'.
\CX14.\j\b\i correctly or properly: 'I can't do a thing \Iright\j\b\i today'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'and \Iright\j\b\i at the crucial moment, who do you think appeared?' (= just, precisely).
b) 'I'll come \Iright\j\b\i away' (= at once).
\Bright\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to set upright again: 'the driver \Irighted\j\b\i the car after the accident'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to correct: 'these mistakes must be \Irighted\j\b\i'.
\IMaths:\j\b\i an angle of 90░, which is one quarter of a circle.
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\Hrighteous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-chus \Padjective\p virtuous or just: 'the \Irighteous\j\b\i person obeyed all the laws'. \Brighteously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brighteousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrightful\h
\Padjective\p proper or correct: 'who is the \Irightful\j\b\i owner?'. \Brightfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brightfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hright-hand\h
\Padjective\p on, of or relating to the direction of right: 'the \Iright-hand\j\b\i side'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is my \Iright-hand\j\b\i man' (= most helpful or efficient).
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\Hright-handed\h
\Padjective\p a) preferring to use the right hand. b) being done with or adapted to the right hand. \Bright-handedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bright-handedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrightist\h
\Pnoun\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a person who supports the views of the right wing.
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\Hrightly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jright\j\b\i.
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\Hrightness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jright\j\b\i.
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\Hright of way\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the right of a person to pass over the land of another. b) the piece of land over which passage is made.
\CX12.\j\b\i the right of a vehicle or vessel to proceed ahead of another.
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\Hright-to-lifer \h
Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) a person who believes that abortion is morally wrong, and who may consider taking such supporting action as picketing a clinic in which abortions are performed.
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\Hright-wing\h
\Padjective\p \IPolitics:\j\b\i conservative: 'Maria joined the Communist Party in rebellion against her parents' \Iright-wing\j\b\i attitudes'.
\Bright wing\j\b\i
the most conservative section of a political party or group, usually meaning (in a parliamentary democracy) extremists in conservative parties and moderates in socialist parties. Compare \Jleft-wing\j\b\i and \Bcentre\j\b\i. \Bright-winger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrigid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rij\j\b\i-id \Padjective\p stiff or unbending.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rig\j\b\ima-role \Pnoun\p any long or complicated process.
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\Hrigor mortis\h
\Isay\j\b\i rigga \CX1mor\j\b\itis the stiffening of a body after death. Latin, stiffness of death
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\Hrigorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rigg\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p strict, exacting or demanding: 'the athlete went into \Irigorous\j\b\i training'. \Brigorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brigorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrigour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rigg\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p rigor severity or harshness: 'the \Irigour\j\b\i of a long winter'.
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\Hrile\h
\Pverb\p to irritate or annoy.
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\Hrill\h
\Pnoun\p a very small stream.
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\Hrim\h
\Pnoun\p the outer edge or margin, especially of a curved or circular object, such as a wheel or cup. \Brim\j\b\i (\Brimmed\j\b\i, \Brimming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to provide with a rim or border, b) (of a ball in golf, etc.) to roll around the edge of the cup, etc. without falling in.
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\Hrime (1)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrhyme\j\b\i.
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\Hrime (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a deposit of ice formed by water droplets of fog or drizzle as they settle and freeze. Compare \Jfrost\j\b\i and \Bhoarfrost\j\b\i. \Brimy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrind\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i find \Pnoun\p a hard, outer skin, as on fruit or cheese. Old English, bark
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\Hrinderpest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rin\j\b\ida-pest \Pnoun\p an infectious and often fatal viral disease of livestock, causing high fever, diarrhoea, and skin sores. German \IRinder\j\b\i cattle + \IPest\j\b\i plague
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\Hring (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a circular band, especially one of precious metal worn on the finger.
\CX12.\j\b\i a space or area, often enclosed and circular in shape, used for a particular purpose: a) 'a circus \Iring\j\b\i'; b) 'a boxing \Iring\j\b\i'; c) 'the betting \Iring\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i one of the circular layers of wood produced by some trees as a result of growth during a season.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exclusive group of persons acting privately or illegally: 'a smuggling \Iring\j\b\i'.
\Brun rings around\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to surpass easily or be superior to.
\Bring-in\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is a stranger or a substitute to a group or team. b) \IHorseracing:\j\b\i a horse substituted for another, usually for a dishonest purpose.
\CX11.\j\b\i to give forth a clear sound when struck, as a bell does.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause a bell to sound, especially in order to summon: 'she \Irang\j\b\i for a taxi'
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his story of the escape does not \Iring\j\b\i true' (= sound, appear to be).
b) 'her ears were \Iringing\j\b\i for some time after the explosion' (= filled with sound).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bring a bell\j\b\i, 'does his name \Iring a bell?\j\b\i' (= sound familiar).
\Bring in\j\b\i, to announce the arrival of something, e.g. the New Year.
\Bring off\j\b\i, to end a telephone conversation.
\Bring out\j\b\i, a) to make a loud ringing noise; b) to announce the departure of something.
\Bring up\j\b\i, a) to telephone; b) to record an amount on a cash register. \Bring\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hringbark\h
\Pverb\p to cut away a ring of bark from around a branch or trunk.
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\Hringbolt\h
\Pnoun\p a bolt into which a heavy ring is set.
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\Hringer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that rings, encircles, etc.
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\Hringer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that rings bells, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i an old word for the fastest sheepshearer in a group.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that closely resembles another: 'he's a \Iringer\j\b\i for his father.
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\Hring finger\h
the third finger of the hand, on which a wedding ring is often worn.
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\Hringleader\h
\Pnoun\p a person who leads others, especially in improper or illegal activities.
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\Hringlet\h
\Pnoun\p a long spiral curl of hair.
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\Hringmaster\h
\Pnoun\p the person in charge of the performances in the ring of a circus.
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\Hring-road\h
\Pnoun\p a road linking different suburbs without passing through the city centre.
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\Hringside\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the seats or area closest to and surrounding a boxing or similar ring.
\CX12.\j\b\i any place providing a close view.
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\Hringworm\h
\Pnoun\p a fungal infection of the skin, often the scalp, causing an itchy, circular rash.
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\Hrink\h
\Pnoun\p a) a smooth, artificial surface of ice for ice hockey, curling, or ice-skating. b) any flat surface for roller-skating.
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\Hrinse\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to wash lightly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove soap, etc. with water.
\Brinse\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of rinsing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hair-colouring which lasts only until the hair is washed.
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\Hriot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-ot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wild disturbance created by a large number of people.
\CX12.\j\b\i a brilliant display of colours, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that causes great amusement, enthusiasm, etc.
\Bread the riot act\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to censure or reprimand severely.
\Brun riot\j\b\i, a) to act with wild abandon; b) to grow wildly. \Briot\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Briotous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Briotously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bripped\j\b\i, \Bripping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to cut or tear roughly. b) to be torn or cut apart.
\CX12.\j\b\i (informal) to move along with great speed. \Brip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bripper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that rips, b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that is extremely good.
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\Hrip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a stretch of rough water at sea or in a river.
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\Hrip (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bripped\j\b\i, \Bripping\j\b\i)
\Brip off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to exploit or take financial advantage of. \Brip-off\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hripcord\h
\Pnoun\p a control cord which opens a parachute.
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\Hripe\h
\Padjective\p a) mature or fully developed: 'a \Iripe\j\b\i apple'. b) resembling ripe fruit in colour or fullness: '\Iripe\j\b\i lips'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he lived to a \Iripe\j\b\i old age' (= advanced).
b) 'the time is \Iripe\j\b\i and we must act quickly' (= ready, right). \Bripen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bripeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hriposte\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1poss\j\b\it \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFencing:\j\b\i a thrust made by a fencer after parrying an opponent's attack.
\CX12.\j\b\i a quick, sharp reply or action. \Briposte\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hripple\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small wave or undulation on a surface, especially water.
\CX12.\j\b\i any sound or movement like that of water flowing in ripples: 'a \Iripple\j\b\i of laughter'. \Bripple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bripply\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrip-roaring\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) wild and noisy. b) absolute or total: 'a \Irip-roaring\j\b\i success'.
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\Hripsnorter\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a violent, noisy or powerful person or thing.
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\Hrise\h
\Isay\j\b\i rize \Pverb\p (\Brose\j\b\i, \Brisen\j\b\i, \Brising\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to assume a standing position; to stand up.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move from a lower to a higher position, rank, amount, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to come into existence: 'the river \Irises\j\b\i in the hills'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to rebel or revolt: 'the people \Irose\j\b\i against the government'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to swell, as dough does from the action of yeast or heat.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is very active and \Irises\j\b\i early' (= gets out of bed).
b) 'the building \Irises\j\b\i to a height of 50 m' (= extends upwards).
c) 'her voice \Irose\j\b\i above the children's chatter' (= became louder).
d) 'he is said to have \Irisen\j\b\i from the dead' (= returned).
e) 'the Bill was not passed before the House \Irose\j\b\i' (= adjourned).
\Brise\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of rising. b) the degree of ascent: 'how steep is the \Irise\j\b\i here?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an elevated place, such as a small hill.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) an increase in rank, amount, etc. b) the amount of such an increase.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an emotional reaction: 'I only said it to get a \Irise\j\b\i out of her'.
\Bgive rise to\j\b\i, to cause or produce. \Briser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Brise, raise\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. To \Iraise\j\b\i means to elevate something or lift it up: '\Iraise\j\b\i the flag high', 'he \Iraised\j\b\i his hand to ask a question'. To \Irise\j\b\i means to move up or to ascend: 'she \Irises\j\b\i each morning at 6 a.m. sharp', 'the building will \Irise\j\b\i to twenty storeys when it is finished'.
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\Hrisible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rizz\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p a) inclined to laugh. b) causing laughter. \Brisibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i rizzi-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrisk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the possibility of suffering harm, loss, etc.: 'there is a great \Irisk\j\b\i involved in the parachute drop'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IInsurance:\j\b\i a) the total amount an insurer might have to pay out under a specific policy. b) any property or person insured.
\Brun, take the risk\j\b\i, to expose oneself to risks. \Brisk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to expose to risk; \Brisky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Italian \Iriscare\j\b\i to run into danger
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\Hrisotto\h
\Isay\j\b\i ree-\CX1zot\j\b\ioe \Pnoun\p an Italian dish made with rice and such ingredients as sautΘed onions, stock, chicken, seafood or vegetables and usually topped with grated cheese.
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\HrisquΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1riss\j\b\i-kay \Padjective\p daringly close to indecency. French
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\Hrissole\h
\Pnoun\p a fried patty of minced meat or vegetables, often coated in breadcrumbs.
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\Hrite\h
\Pnoun\p a) a formal religious or solemn ceremony. b) the particular form of such a ceremony.
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\Hritual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rit\j\b\i-yew'l \Pnoun\p a formal or ceremonial action. \Britual\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a rite or rites; \Britualism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) adherence to ritual, b) the study of ritual; \Britualist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Britualistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Britualistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hritzy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) luxurious or elegant. after the \IRitz\j\b\i, a luxurious hotel in London
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\Hrival\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rye\j\b\i-v'l \Pnoun\p a person who competes against another.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that sea-food restaurant has no \Irival\j\b\i in this town' (= equal). \Brival\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Brival\j\b\i (\Brivalled\j\b\i, \Brivalling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Brivalry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, competition. Latin \Irivales\j\b\i those living near the same stream
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\Hriven\h
\Padjective\p split apart. past participle of old \Pverb\p to \Irive\j\b\i
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\Hriver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rivv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large permanent flow of water in a natural channel with banks, which flows into the sea, a lake, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any flow: 'a \Iriver\j\b\i of blood'. Latin \Iriparius\j\b\i of river-banks
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\Hriver basin\h
\IGeography:\j\b\i See \Jbasin\j\b\i.
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\Hriver flat\h
a level area in a river valley.
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\Hrivet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rivv\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a pin with a head, used as a fastener by placing it through a hole and flattening the end opposite the head. \Brivet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to fasten with or as if with a rivet or rivets, b) to engross or hold firmly; \Briveter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrivulet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1riv\j\b\i-yoo-let \Pnoun\p a very small stream.
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\Hroad\h
\Pnoun\p a prepared surface or route for the movement of motor vehicles, people, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was a long and difficult \Iroad\j\b\i to peace' (= way, course).
\Bone for the road\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a last alcoholic drink before setting out.
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\Hroadblock\h
\Pnoun\p a barrier placed across a road by police, soldiers, etc. to control or inspect passing traffic.
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\Hroad-hog\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a motorist who hogs the road.
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\Hroadhouse\h
\Pnoun\p a restaurant, etc. on the side of a main road, catering especially for travellers.
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\Hroad metal\h
the small stones or gravel used for road surfaces.
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\Hroadster\h
\Pnoun\p an open sports car, usually for two people.
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\Hroad train\h
a large vehicle for carrying goods, consisting of a prime mover and several large trailers, such as those used in central Australia.
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\Hroadway\h
\Pnoun\p a road.
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\Hroadworthy\h
\Padjective\p (of a motor vehicle) being fit to be used on the roads.
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\Hroam\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i home \Pverb\p to move or travel without purpose or plan. \Broam\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Broamer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who roams.
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\Hroan\h
\Pnoun\p a horse of a plain colour with white hairs sprinkled throughout.
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\Hroar\h
\Isay\j\b\i ror \Pverb\p to make a loud, deep sound, especially in excitement, anger, etc. \Broar\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i brisk: 'doing a \Iroaring\j\b\i trade'.
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\Hroaring forties\h
the stormy ocean areas of westerly winds between latitudes 40░ and 50░ South.
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\Hroast\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i most \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cook food by using dry heat, such as in an oven.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise severely.
\Broast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a meal of roasted meat and vegetables. b) a piece of meat which may be cooked by roasting.
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\Hrob\h
\Pverb\p (\Brobbed\j\b\i, \Brobbing\j\b\i)
to take something that belongs to someone else, especially by force or threat of violence.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Irobbed\j\b\i of an opportunity to go overseas' (= deprived). \Brobber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who robs; \Brobbery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Irobe\j\b\i booty
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\Hrobe\h
\Pnoun\p a) a gown. b) any long, loose piece of clothing, such as a dressing-gown. \Brobe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrobin\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Brobin redbreast\j\b\i
a) any of various small, plump, European birds with an orange breast. b) any of various similar but unrelated Australian birds, with scarlet or pink breasts.
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\Hrobot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-bot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine, sometimes made in the shape of a human, capable of performing some of the functions of a human being.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who thinks or acts like a machine. \Brobot\j\b\i is Czech in origin. It comes from \Irobota\j\b\i, Czech for forced labour, and became internationally popular through Karel Capek's play \IR.U.R.\j\b\i (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. His \Irobots\j\b\i were mechanical people designed to perform menial tasks.
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\Hrobust\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-bust \Padjective\p strong and vigorous. \Brobustly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brobustness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irobur\j\b\i an oak
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\Hrock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large mass of stone.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is very hard: 'peppermint \Irock\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a mass of mineral matter of varying composition.
\CX14.\j\b\i a firm foundation or support: 'father was a \Irock\j\b\i of strength during the crisis'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any large gem, especially a diamond.
\Bon the rocks\j\b\i, a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in a state of disaster; b) (of drinks) with ice only.
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\Hrock (2)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to sway back and forth or from side to side.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I was \Irocked\j\b\i by the news of his death' (= moved or affected strongly).
\CX12.\j\b\i to dance to rock-and-roll music.
\Brock\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of rocking.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jrock-and-roll\j\b\i.
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\Hrock-and-roll\h
\Pnoun\p a) a form of popular music originating during the 1950s characterised by a strong beat, repetitious melody and rhythm, and an exaggerated style of singing. b) a vigorous, improvisatory dance performed to such music.
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\Hrock bottom\h
the lowest level. \Brock-bottom\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrocker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rocking chair.
\CX12.\j\b\i one of the curved pieces on which a cradle or rocking chair rocks.
\Boff one's rocker\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mad or crazy.
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\Hrocker arm\h
a lever, usually pivoting about the middle, connected to a pushrod and operating a valve in an internal combustion engine.
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\Hrockery\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Brock-garden\j\b\i
a garden with earth and rocks amongst which plants are set.
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\Hrocket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a structure, usually shaped like a cylinder, which moves by expelling burning gases.
\CX12.\j\b\i a firework that rises into the air and then explodes.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a reprimand. \Brocket\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to move like a rocket, b) to increase rapidly.
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\Hrocket engine\h
a reaction engine used in missiles and spacecraft, which produces thrust from the hot gases created by chemically combining oxidant and fuel, both of which are carried in the rocket.
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\Hrocket range\h
a large area used for testing missiles and rocket engines.
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\Hrocketry\h
\Pnoun\p the study of rockets, their design, development and flight.
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\Hrock-garden\h
\Pnoun\p a rockery.
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\Hrocking chair\h
a chair mounted on rockers which allow it to swing back and forth.
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\Hrocking horse\h
a toy horse, set on rockers, for children to ride.
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\Hrock melon\h
See \Jcantaloup\j\b\i.
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\Hrock-salt\h
\Pnoun\p common salt, sodium chloride (formula NaCl), occurring in large rock-like masses.
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\Hrocky (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i containing or consisting of rocks.
\CX12.\j\b\i firm or hard like a rock.
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\Hrocky (2)\h
\Padjective\p shaky or inclined to rock.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Irocky\j\b\i road to success' (= uncertain, difficult).
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\Hrococo\h
\Isay\j\b\i re'k-\CX1o\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p an 18th-century style of art and architecture developed from, and more ornate than, the baroque, characterised by shell-motifs, scrolls and curves in general. French \Irocaille\j\b\i shell-work
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\Hrod\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick or pole made of wood, metal, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IUnits:\j\b\i See \Jperch (1)\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the light-sensitive cells in the retina of higher animals, used for vision in very dim light. Compare \Jcone\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an elongated bacterium.
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\Hrode\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bride\j\b\i.
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\Hrodent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p any of a large group of gnawing animals such as beavers, squirrels, mice, etc.
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\Hrodeo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1day\j\b\io \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-dee-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a series of competitions testing various skills used in the cattle-raising industry, usually for entertainment.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cattle muster. Spanish \Irodear\j\b\i to go round
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\Hroe (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the eggs of a female fish. Compare \Jmilt\j\b\i.
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\Hroe (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a roedeer.
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\Hroebuck\h
\Pnoun\p a male roedeer.
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\Hroedeer\h
\Pnoun\p a small agile deer, the male of which has three-pointed antlers.
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\Hrogaining\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-gaining \Pnoun\p a type of orienteering. \Brogaine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Brogaine\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an event in rogaining; \Brogainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who rogaines.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roy\j\b\i-sta \Pverb\p to act in a boisterous manner. \Broisterous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Broistering\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Irusticus\j\b\i a peasant
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\Hrole\h
\Pnoun\p r⌠le \CX11.\j\b\i the character represented by an actor in a play, film, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person's job or function: 'what is a teacher's \Irole\j\b\i?'.
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\Hroll\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move by turning over and over: a) 'the ball \Irolled\j\b\i along the floor'; b) 'he \Irolled\j\b\i the dice'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or be moved on wheels or castors: 'the car \Irolled\j\b\i backwards'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the waves \Irolled\j\b\i onto the beach' (= advanced).
b) 'the country \Irolls\j\b\i as far as the eye can see' (= undulates).
c) 'the thunder \Irolled\j\b\i across the sky' (= made a deep, long sound).
d) 'that family is obviously \Irolling\j\b\i in money' (= abounding).
e) 'the ship \Irolled\j\b\i in the rough seas' (= rocked from side to side).
f) 'the years \Irolled\j\b\i by' (= passed).
g) 'she manages to \Iroll\j\b\i her r's when she speaks French' (= utter with a trill).
h) 'he \Irolled\j\b\i his eyes in amazement' (= rotated).
i) 'she \Irolls\j\b\i her own cigarettes' (= makes by forming into a cylinder).
j) '\Iroll\j\b\i the dough very thinly' (= flatten or spread with a roller).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Broll out\j\b\i, to spread out or unroll.
\Broll up\j\b\i, a) to form into a roll; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to arrive or gather round.
\Broll\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something rolled up in cylindrical form.
\CX12.\j\b\i a list containing the names of people in a class, group, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a very small loaf of bread that is baked into various shapes.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act or instance of rolling: a) 'he walks with a \Iroll\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Iroll\j\b\i of drums'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a swell or undulation.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wad of banknotes.
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\Hrollcall\h
\Pnoun\p the calling of a list of names of soldiers, students, etc. to determine those present.
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\Hroller\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that rolls.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small wheel, such as a castor.
\CX13.\j\b\i an elongated cylinder upon which something is wound.
\CX14.\j\b\i a cylindrical device for spreading or crushing something.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBeauty:\j\b\i a small roll of plastic or metal around which the hair is wrapped to set it into curls or waves. Also called a \Bcurler\j\b\i.
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\Hroller-bearing\h
\Pnoun\p a low-friction bearing, running on cylindrical steel rollers.
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\Hroller-coaster\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bscenic railway\j\b\i or \Bbig dipper\j\b\i
an open-car railway with sharp turns and steep slopes, ridden for amusement at fairs, etc.
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\Hroller-skate\h
\Pnoun\p a form of skate running on small wheels or rollers, used on a smooth surface. \Broller-skate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrollicking\h
\Padjective\p behaving or moving in a carefree manner. \Brollick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrolling pin\h
a cylinder, often wooden, with a handle at each end, for flattening dough or pastry.
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\Hrolling stock\h
the wheeled vehicles of a railway, such as locomotives, carriages, wagons, etc.
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\Hrolling strike\h
a strike in which different sections of the work force strike in rotation, thereby inconveniencing employers but not immobilising industry.
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\Hroll-neck\h
\Padjective\p See \Jpolo-neck\j\b\i.
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\Hrollover\h
\Padjective\p relating to the reinvestment of a large payment, especially a superannuation payment: 'a \Irollover\j\b\i fund'.
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\Hroll-top desk\h
a desk fitted with a slatted, wooden lid which can be rolled up or down.
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\Hroly-poly\h
\Padjective\p plump.
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\Hroman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-m'n \Pnoun\p the usual style of upright printing, such as this is. Compare \Jitalic\j\b\i.
\BRoman alphabet\j\b\i, the alphabet used for writing western European and other languages.
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\HRoman Catholic\h
a member of the Western or Roman Church, a Christian denomination with the Pope as its supreme head. \BRoman Catholicism\j\b\i, the faith, practices, etc. of Roman Catholics; \BRoman Catholic\j\b\i, of or relating to Roman Catholicism.
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\Hromance\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1mance\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-mance \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a story about love. b) a story about unusual or exciting adventures.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality of adventure and idealised exploits found in such stories.
\CX13.\j\b\i a love affair.
\Bromance\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to indulge in fanciful or extravagant ideas or stories. \Bromantic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a romance; \Bromantic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who enjoys romance; \Bromanticism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, romantic spirit or style; \Bromanticist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bromanticise\j\b\i, \Bromanticize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make romantic. as derived from medieval tales of chivalry written in the \IRomance\j\b\i languages
#
\HRomance language\h
any of a group of languages, such as French, Italian, Rumanian, Spanish and Portuguese, developed from the Latin spoken by people in ancient Rome.
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\HRoman law\h
a codified system of law based on that of Ancient Rome, which forms the basis of civil law in many countries.
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\HRoman numerals\h
the letters used in the ancient Roman system of counting, now used in more formal contexts such as for dates on monuments. The common basic symbols are I(=1), V(=5), X(=10), L(=50), C(=100), D(=500) and M(=1000).
\IExamples:\j\b\i IX = 9; XI = 11; XLI = 41; LXI = 61.
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\Hromanticism\h
\Pnoun\p a style in art, literature and music which, in contrast to classicism, emphasised individualism, emotion, grandeur and imagination, and which attached less importance to form than to content.
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\HRomany\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1romm\j\b\ia-nee \Padjective\p of the gipsies, their language and culture. \BRomany\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a gipsy.
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\Hromp\h
\Pverb\p to play or frolic boisterously.
\Bromp home\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to win a race, etc. easily. \Bromp\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hroneo\h
\Pverb\p to produce copies on a duplicating machine. a trademark for a duplicating machine
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\Hroo\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a kangaroo.
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\Hrood\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a) a large cross or crucifix in a church, usually set into a screen. b) an old word for the Cross on which Christ died.
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\Hroof\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Broofs\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a protective structure placed over a building and supported by the walls, usually made of tiles, iron or timber.
\CX12.\j\b\i something resembling or serving as a roof, such as the top of a car, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhit the roof\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become very angry.
\Braise the roof\j\b\i, a) to make a loud noise; b) to complain or protest loudly. \Broof\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide or cover with a roof.
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\Hroofing\h
\Pnoun\p the materials used to make a roof, such as iron, slate or tiles.
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\Hrook (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a black, European crow.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a swindle. b) a swindler. \Brook\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cheat or swindle.
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\Hrook (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcastle\j\b\i
\IChess:\j\b\i a piece that may move any number of squares horizontally or vertically.
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\Hrookery\h
\Pnoun\p a) a group of rooks. b) a breeding place or haunt of gregarious birds or animals, especially seals.
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\Hrookie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a new recruit in the army, police, etc.
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\Hroom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the various areas into which a house is divided by the walls.
\CX12.\j\b\i the people present in such an area: 'the whole \Iroom\j\b\i was silent'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) lodgings.
\CX14.\j\b\i the space occupied by or available for something: 'the furniture took up a lot of \Iroom\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your work leaves \Iroom\j\b\i for improvement' (= scope, opportunity).
\Broom\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Broom with\j\b\i, to share a room with. \Broom-mate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with whom one shares a room.
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\Hrooming house\h
a boarding house.
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\Hroom service\h
the serving of food or drink to a guest in his or her room in a hotel, etc.
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\Hroomy\h
\Padjective\p spacious or large. \Broomily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Broominess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hroost\h
\Pnoun\p a) a perch upon which domestic fowl or other birds rest. b) a place containing such perches. \Broost\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to sit or rest on a roost, b) to settle or stay, especially for the night.
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\Hrooster\h
\Pnoun\p a male domestic fowl.
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\Hroot (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the part of a plant which grows down into the soil, fixing it and absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the position or function of a root.
\CX13.\j\b\i the fundamental or essential part: 'the \Iroot\j\b\i of the problem'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iroot\j\b\i of all evil' (= source, origin).
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the condition or feeling of belonging to a place, society, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) a number which, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, results in a given number.
\IExample:\j\b\i 3 is the square root of 9(3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3), written {\f14684 =\j\b\i9, the cube root of 27(3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3) written {\up6 3\j\b\i{\f14684 =\j\b\i27, and the fourth root of 81(3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3{\shad \j\b\i{\f23 \'b4\j\b\i{\shad \j\b\i3), written {\up6 4\j\b\i{\f14684 =\j\b\i81.
b) the values of a variable in an expression which make that expression equal to zero.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word, or part of a word, on which all other forms of that word are based. \IExample\j\b\i: \Idance\j\b\i is the root of \Idancer\j\b\i and \Idancing\j\b\i.
\Broot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to send out roots and begin to grow.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become fixed or established.
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\Hroot (2)\h
\Pverb\p to dig with or as if with the snout or nose.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the detective \Irooted\j\b\i up a lot of scandal' (= revealed).
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\Hroot (3)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to shout encouragement: 'which team are you \Irooting\j\b\i for?'.
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\Hroot beer\h
an American drink made from the juices of various roots, such as sarsaparilla and dandelion.
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\Hrootlet\h
\Pnoun\p a small root.
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\Hroot nodules\h
the swellings on the roots of legumes containing bacteria which are important in the nitrogen cycle.
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\Hrope\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong, twisted cord made from strands of hemp, flax, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) methods or procedures: 'to learn the \Iropes\j\b\i'.
\Brope\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to catch a horse, cow, etc. with a rope.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Brope in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I was \Iroped in\j\b\i to wash the dishes' (= drawn in, persuaded).
\Brope off\j\b\i, 'the main area was \Iroped off\j\b\i' (= enclosed with a rope).
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\Hropeable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-pa-b'l \Padjective\p ropable \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) furious.
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\Hrort\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a spree or wild party.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a scheme which seeks to take financial advantage of a situation.
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\Hrosary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-za-ree \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a string of beads used to count when reciting a certain series of prayers.
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\Hrose (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i roze \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of garden shrubs with prickly stems and showy, sometimes fragrant, flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pinkish-red colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i an ornamental plate or moulding surrounding a fitting such as a door knob.
\CX14.\j\b\i a nozzle, cap, etc. with many holes in it, attached to a pipe or hose to spray water.
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\Hrose (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i roze \Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Brise\j\b\i.
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\HrosΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-zay \Ior\j\b\i ro-\CX1zay\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a pink wine. French
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1zell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a brightly coloured, Australian parrot.
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\Hrosemary\h
\Pnoun\p a Mediterranean shrub with fragrant leaves that are used as a herb.
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\Hrosette\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1zet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a rose-shaped arrangement of ribbons or other materials, used for decoration.
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\Hrosewater\h
\Pnoun\p a pleasant smelling water made from rose petals or oil extracted from roses, used on the skin, in cooking, etc.
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\Hrose window\h
a round window divided into sections.
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\Hrosewood\h
\Pnoun\p a tropical tree with soft reddish wood, used to make furniture, instruments, etc.
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\Hrosily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jrosy\j\b\i.
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\Hrosin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rozz\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p a yellowish, solid resin obtained from the distillation of turpentine, used in varnishes, soaps, soldering fluxes and for treating the hairs of the bows of violins, violas, etc.
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\Hroster\h
\Pnoun\p a list of names, especially one showing periods of duty. \Broster\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put on a roster.
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\Hrostrum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Brostrums\j\b\i or \Brostra\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a raised platform for a conductor of an orchestra, a speaker, etc. to stand on.
\CX12.\j\b\i a movable platform, such as is used for scenery in a theatre.
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\Hrosy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-zee \Padjective\p pink or pinkish-red.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the future looks \Irosy\j\b\i for you' (= promising, hopeful). \Brosily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brosiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrot\h
\Pverb\p (\Brotted\j\b\i, \Brotting\j\b\i)
to become bad or decomposed.
\Brot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the process of rotting. b) the state of being rotten.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various plant or animal diseases or forms of decay.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) nonsense: 'he talks a lot of \Irot\j\b\i'.
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\Hrotary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ro\j\b\i-ta-ree \Padjective\p of or involving rotation, especially on an axis.
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\Hrotary engine\h
an engine worked by a rotor instead of reciprocating pistons.
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\Hrotate\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1tate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn or spin on an axis.
\CX12.\j\b\i to alternate in sequence: 'to \Irotate\j\b\i crops'. Latin \Irota\j\b\i a wheel
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\Hrotation\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of rotating: 'the \Irotation\j\b\i of crops'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the spinning of a planet or star on its axis. b) one complete spin.
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\Hrote\h
\Pnoun\p \Bby rote\j\b\i, memorising a subject without understanding or thinking of the meaning. \Brote\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrotisserie\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1tiss\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) an oven containing a revolving skewer on which meat, poultry, etc. is cooked. b) a restaurant where such a device is used. French, roasting place
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\Hrotor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rotating part of a machine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a system of rotating blades used to lift and control helicopters.
\Isay\j\b\i ro-\CX1tun\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p a round building, usually with a dome.
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\Hrouble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-b'l \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bruble\j\b\i
the basic unit of money in Russia.
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\HrouΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-ay \Pnoun\p an ageing and dissolute man. French, (deserving to be) broken on the wheel
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\Hrouge\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a red cream or powder used to colour the cheeks. \Brouge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. French, red
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\Hrough\h
\Isay\j\b\i ruf \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an uneven surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i violent: 'the \Irough\j\b\i seas made us seasick'.
\CX13.\j\b\i imperfectly finished, polished, refined, etc.: a) 'she made a \Irough\j\b\i draft of her speech'; b) 'the \Irough\j\b\i diamond doubled in value after it was cut'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his \Irough\j\b\i behaviour embarrassed his parents' (= impolite, disorderly).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'after the car accident he had a \Irough\j\b\i time' (= difficult, unpleasant).
\Brough on\j\b\i, a) 'as she was so young we were not \Irough on\j\b\i her when she misbehaved' (= severe towards); b) 'it was \Irough on\j\b\i him to have both his parents die within a month' (= unfortunate for).
\Brough\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is rough.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i any uncleared part of the golf course, especially with long grass or trees.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rowdy or rough person.
\Bin the rough\j\b\i, in a crude or unpolished state.
\Brough\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Brough in\j\b\i, \Brough out\j\b\i, to shape or sketch in a rough or incomplete form.
\Brough it\j\b\i, to live without the ordinary comforts, etc., as while camping.
\Brough up\j\b\i, 'the witness claimed the police had \Iroughed\j\b\i him \Iup\j\b\i' (= treated in a rough or violent way). \Broughly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Broughen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Broughness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hroughage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ruff\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any rough or coarse material.
\CX12.\j\b\i the coarser parts of fodder or food which are of little nutritive value, but aid digestion.
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\Hrough-and-ready\h
\Padjective\p crude in method or manner, but effective in action or use.
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\Hrough-and-tumble\h
\Padjective\p disorderly, haphazard or scrambling. \Brough-and-tumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a scuffle.
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\Hroughcast\h
\Pnoun\p a type of coarse plaster mixed with gravel or shells, used for outside surfaces. \Broughcast\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrough diamond\h
a coarse or unrefined person with admirable qualities.
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\Hroughen\h
\Pverb\p See \Jrough\j\b\i.
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\Hrough-house\h
\Pnoun\p boisterous or rough behaviour, games, fighting, etc. \Brough-house\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hroughly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jrough\j\b\i.
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\Hroughneck\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rough, rowdy person.
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\Hroughrider\h
\Pnoun\p a person who breaks in horses.
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\Hroughshod\h
\Padjective\p \Bride roughshod over\j\b\i, to dominate or treat without consideration.
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\Hroulette\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1let\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a game in which one bets on where a small ball will come to rest on a horizontal, revolving wheel with numbered divisions.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tool with a handle and a small notched wheel which makes dotted lines in engraving.
\BRussian roulette\j\b\i
a suicidal game of chance in which a revolver loaded with a bullet in only one of its chambers is held to one's head and the trigger pulled. French, little wheel
#
\Hround\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i shaped like a ball, ring or circle.
\CX12.\j\b\i curved or without angles: 'a \Iround\j\b\i face'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I'll have a \Iround\j\b\i dozen please' (= exact, complete).
b) 'I can only give you a \Iround\j\b\i estimate' (= approximate).
c) 'what is the answer in \Iround\j\b\i numbers?' (= whole).
d) 'I paid for a \Iround\j\b\i trip' (= returning to the point of departure).
\Bround\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a complete course, succession or series: 'the \Iround\j\b\i of Christmas parties'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (sometimes plural) a course of usual actions, duties, etc.: 'the doctor did her \Iround\j\b\i of the wards'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a single shot or volley from a gun or guns. b) ammunition for a single shot.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a song in which each voice copies the last, at the same pitch or in octaves.
\CX15.\j\b\i a sandwich made with two slices of bread.
\CX16.\j\b\i a cut of beef from the haunch of the animal.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I bought a \Iround\j\b\i of drinks' (= one for each person).
b) 'a \Iround\j\b\i of applause followed his speech' (= single outburst).
\Bin the round\j\b\i, a) the state of being carved out on all sides: 'sculpture \Iin the round\j\b\i'; b) (\ITheatre\j\b\i) an arrangement in which the stage is surrounded by the audience.
\Bround\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become round.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go or pass around: 'to \Iround\j\b\i a cape'.
\Bround off\j\b\i, to complete or perfect.
\Bround\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i on every side of: 'they swarmed \Iround\j\b\i us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i here and there: 'grandmother's belongings were scattered \Iround\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i throughout: 'the year \Iround\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i in a circle: 'the wheels go \Iround\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'come \Iround\j\b\i tonight' (= to our house).
\Bcome round\j\b\i, a) 'we \Icame round\j\b\i to your view' (= accepted); b) 'after five minutes she \Icame round\j\b\i' (= regained consciousness).
\Bround\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i encircling: 'tie the string \Iround\j\b\i the parcel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i on every side of: 'all \Iround\j\b\i us'.
\CX13.\j\b\i near: 'we've had burglaries \Iround\j\b\i here'. \Broundness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Brounded\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, made round.
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\Hroundabout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an intersection laid out so that traffic moves in one direction around a central structure.
\CX12.\j\b\i a merry-go-round. \Broundabout\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, indirect.
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\Hrounders\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a game similar to baseball, usually played by children with a small, soft ball and a bat.
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\Hroundly\h
\Padverb\p thoroughly or bluntly: 'I was told off \Iroundly\j\b\i for misbehaving'.
#
\Hround robin\h
\ISport:\j\b\i a schedule in which each player or team plays against every other player or team.
#
\Hround-the-clock\h
\Padjective\p continuing all day and all night: 'a \Iround-the-clock\j\b\i guard'.
#
\Hround-up\h
\Pnoun\p a collecting together, especially of cattle or other animals. \Bround up\j\b\i, to collect or bring together.
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\Hroundworm\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bnematode\j\b\i
any of a group of smooth, unsegmented, often parasitic, worms which are pointed at both ends.
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\Hrouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cows \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stir out of a state of sleep, inactivity, apathy, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stir to anger, action, etc. \Brousingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrouseabout\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a person employed to do odd jobs on a station, especially in a shearing shed, or in a hotel, etc.
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\Hrout (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a disorderly retreat after an overwhelming defeat.
\CX12.\j\b\i a disorderly crowd of people. \Brout\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to defeat utterly.
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\Hrout (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pverb\p to search or rummage.
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\Hroute\h
\Isay\j\b\i root \Pnoun\p the way taken or planned for travel.
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\Hroute-march\h
\Pnoun\p a long march by soldiers during training.
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\Hroutine\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a set or usual way of doing something.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a set of orders which instruct a computer to perform a simple function. \Broutine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or according to a routine.
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\Hrove (1)\h
\Pverb\p to wander freely or aimlessly. \Brove\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrove (2)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Breeve (2)\j\b\i.
#
\Hrover\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who roves or wanders.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pirate or pirate vessel.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Australian Rules) a fast player to whom his own ruckman directs the ball.
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\Hrow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an arrangement of people or objects arranged beside or behind each other.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line of seats facing in the same direction, e.g. in a theatre.
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\Hrow (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i ro \Pverb\p to propel a boat with oars supported in rowlocks. \Brow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of rowing, b) a trip in a rowing boat; \Brower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who rows.
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\Hrow (3)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p a) a noisy quarrel. b) a loud noise. \Brow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrowdy\h
\Padjective\p rough, loud and disorderly. \Browdy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rough, disorderly person; \Browdily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Browdiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hrowel\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i towel \Pnoun\p a toothed wheel, e.g. on a spur.
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\Hrowing boat\h
a boat propelled by oars.
#
\Hrowlock\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roll\j\b\iuk \Pnoun\p a U-shaped device attached to the side of a boat to hold an oar in place.
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\Hroyal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i befitting a monarch: 'his mother gave us a \Iroyal\j\b\i welcome'. \Broyally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Broyal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a member of a royal family.
#
\Hroyal blue\h
a deep blue colour, often with a faint reddish tinge.
#
\Hroyal commission\h
a body of people nominated by a government to inquire into and report on some matter.
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\Hroyalist\h
\Pnoun\p (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) any supporter of monarchy.
#
\Hroyal jelly\h
a substance made by bees and fed to the young larvae that are to become queen bees.
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\Hroyal purple\h
a deep, bluish-purple colour.
#
\Hroyal tennis\h
See \Jreal tennis\j\b\i.
#
\Hroyalty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i monarchs and their families considered as a group.
\CX12.\j\b\i the power, status or dignity of a monarch.
\CX13.\j\b\i a share paid to an inventor, author, etc. out of the proceeds from the sale or performance of his or her work.
#
\Hrub\h
\Pverb\p (\Brubbed\j\b\i, \Brubbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move something over a surface with pressure or friction, especially to clean, smooth, polish, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become or cause to become chafed or irritated.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Brub down\j\b\i, a) to rub smooth, etc.; b) to massage, dry or clean by rubbing.
\Brub off\j\b\i, a) to remove by or as if by rubbing, b) to transfer or be transferred.
\Brub out\j\b\i, a) to remove by rubbing; (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to kill.
\Brub\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of rubbing.
\CX12.\j\b\i an obstacle or difficulty: 'the \Irub\j\b\i is I have no money'.
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\Hrubber (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an elastic solid obtained from the sap of a tropical tree (called \Bindiarubber\j\b\i or \Bnatural rubber\j\b\i), or artificially manufactured (called \Bsynthetic rubber\j\b\i), usually combined with other substances, such as sulphur, when made into articles. See \Jvulcanise\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of rubber or synthetic material used to remove pencil or pen marks. Also called an \Beraser\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any waterproof clothes or shoes.
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\Hrubber (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i the best of three games of bridge, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any tournament consisting of a series of separate games.
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\Hrubber band\h
a thin loop of elastic rubber used for holding objects, etc. together.
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\Hrubber plant\h
a) a Brazilian plant with milky sap, used to make rubber. b) an Indian plant with large, shiny leaves, usually grown indoors.
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\Hrubber stamp\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a small rubber device with raised figures for printing dates, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or group that gives immediate or unthinking approval. \Brubber-stamp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hrubbing\h
\Pnoun\p a reproduction or print made by rubbing, especially using a dark crayon on paper placed over a raised design.
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise or belittle sarcastically. \Brubbishy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthless.
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\Hrubble\h
\Pnoun\p any fragments of broken rock or masonry.
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\Hrub-down\h
\Pnoun\p a massage.
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\Hrubella\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1bell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p German measles. Latin \Irubellus\j\b\i reddish
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\Hrubicund\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\ibi-kund \Padjective\p having a healthy, rosy complexion. Latin \Irubicundus\j\b\i red
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\Hrubidium\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo\CX1bidd\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p element number 37, a soft, strongly reactive metal. See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i. Latin \Irubidus\j\b\i red (referring to the spectrum)
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\Hruble\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jrouble\j\b\i.
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\Hrubric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-brik \Pnoun\p any title or instruction inserted in a book, etc., in a different colour or lettering.
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\Hruby\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-bee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rich deep red.
\CX12.\j\b\i a red crystalline variety of corundum used as a gemstone and in watch bearings. \Bruby\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hruck (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the usual run of people or things.
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\Hruck (2)\h
\Pverb\p (of cloth) to crease or wrinkle. \Bruck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hruck (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Australian Rules) a group of three players who have no fixed position on the field, and are free to follow the play in order to win possession of the ball.
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\Hruckman\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bfollower\j\b\i
\IFootball:\j\b\i (in Australian Rules) a player whose job it is to pass the ball, from hit-outs and throw-ins, to his or her rover.
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\Hruck-rover\h
\Pnoun\p \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Australian Rules) a versatile player who is capable of combining the duties of ruckman and rover.
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\Hrucksack\h
\Pnoun\p a knapsack with a supporting frame. German \IRⁿcken\j\b\i back + \Bsack\j\b\i
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\Hruckus\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bruction\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a commotion or disturbance.
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\Hrudder\h
\Pnoun\p a flat structure hinged to the stern of a boat or the tail of an aeroplane and used for steering.
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\Hruddy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i reddish in colour: 'a \Iruddy\j\b\i complexion'.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i impolite, disrespectful or discourteous.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is a \Irude\j\b\i word' (= improper, obscene).
\CX12.\j\b\i rough or crude: 'we quickly built a \Irude\j\b\i shelter for the night'.
\CX13.\j\b\i without culture or refinement. \Brudely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brudeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Irudis\j\b\i in the natural state
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\Hrudiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\idi-m'nt \Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) the elementary principles of a subject or skill: 'teach me the \Irudiments\j\b\i of algebra'.
to regret or think about bitterly: 'I \Irue\j\b\i the day we met'.
\Brueful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i deplorable or pitiable: 'a \Irueful\j\b\i situation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sorry or regretful: 'a \Irueful\j\b\i smile'. \Bruefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bruefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrue (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo \Pnoun\p a small, evergreen shrub with bitter-tasting leaves, formerly used in medicine.
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\Hruff (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a collar drawn into stiff, regular folds, popular in the 16th century.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ring of differently marked hair or feathers around the neck of an animal.
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\Hruff (2)\h
\Pverb\p \ICards:\j\b\i to trump when one cannot follow suit. \Bruff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hruffian\h
\Pnoun\p a violent or rough person. \Bruffianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hruffle\h
\Pverb\p to disturb the smoothness of something: 'the bird \Iruffled\j\b\i its feathers while cleaning itself'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'their harsh words \Iruffled\j\b\i her' (= upset, annoyed).
\Bruffle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a strip of cloth drawn together to form a frill, as on a shirt.
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\Hrufous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\ifus \Padjective\p rusty red or orange in colour.
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\Hrug\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small, thick carpet. b) a thick, warm blanket.
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\HRugby football\h
a type of football played with an oval ball which may be handled.
\BRugby League\j\b\i
a type of Rugby football, usually played by professionals, with 13 players in a side.
\BRugby Union\j\b\i
short form is \BRugby\j\b\i or \BUnion\j\b\i
a type of Rugby football played by amateurs, with 15 players in a side.
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\Hrugged\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rugg\j\b\iid \Padjective\p rough, uneven or rocky: a) 'a \Irugged\j\b\i range of mountains'; b) 'a \Irugged\j\b\i, weather-beaten face'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'those pioneers had a \Irugged\j\b\i existence' (= difficult).
b) 'she's a person of \Irugged\j\b\i independence' (= direct, vigorous). \Bruggedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bruggedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrugger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) Rugby football.
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\Hruin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-in \Pnoun\p a) decay, collapse or demolition: 'gambling was the \Iruin\j\b\i of me'. b) a state of collapse or decay: 'the old castle fell into \Iruin\j\b\i'. c) something that is collapsed or destroyed: 'the castle is now a \Iruin\j\b\i'.
\Bin ruins\j\b\i, in a state of ruin.
\Bruin\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to reduce or bring to ruin: a) 'the rain \Iruined\j\b\i the harvest'; b) 'you'll \Iruin\j\b\i your shoes if you wear them in the mud'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Smith was \Iruined\j\b\i during the depression' (= made bankrupt).
\Bruination\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of ruining: 'rain will cause the \Iruination\j\b\i of the crops'. b) something that ruins: 'gambling was my \Iruination\j\b\i'.
a) causing ruin: 'a \Iruinous\j\b\i war'. b) in ruins: 'a \Iruinous\j\b\i castle'. \Bruinously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bruinousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iruina\j\b\i a tumbling down
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\Hrule\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a principle or code of behaviour or action: 'do you know the \Irules\j\b\i of the game?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Irule\j\b\i in this town is to eat late' (= custom, habit).
\CX12.\j\b\i authority or control: 'Australia was once under British \Irule\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a ruler for measuring, etc.
\Bas a rule\j\b\i, usually.
\Brule\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to control or direct: a) 'the king \Iruled\j\b\i for 40 years'; b) 'be \Iruled\j\b\i by my advice in this matter'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the court \Iruled\j\b\i the will invalid' (= declared).
b) 'high prices \Iruled\j\b\i for beef' (= were current).
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw lines with a ruler.
\Brule out\j\b\i, 'we can \Irule out\j\b\i the possibility of murder' (= dismiss).
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\Hrule of thumb\h
any practical method or procedure based on experience rather than theory.
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\Hruler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who rules, especially a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strip of wood, metal, plastic, etc., with a straight edge for ruling lines, measuring, etc.
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\Hruling\h
\Pnoun\p an authoritative judgement or decision, such as one given by a court.
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\Hrum (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a strong liquor made from molasses or other sugar cane products.
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\Hrum (2)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) odd or strange: 'he's a \Irum\j\b\i lad'.
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\Hrumba\h
\Pnoun\p a) a ballroom dance from Cuba with a complex rhythm. b) the music for such a dance.
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\Hrumble\h
\Pverb\p a) to make a low, continuous, heavy sound, such as distant thunder. b) to move with this sound: 'the heavy carts \Irumbled\j\b\i across the cobblestones'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the police have \Irumbled\j\b\i our plan' (= detected, uncovered). \Brumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a rumbling sound, b) (informal) a gang fight; \Brumbly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrumen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-m'n \Pnoun\p the first stomach of a ruminant. Latin, throat
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\Hruminant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\imi-nant \Pnoun\p any mammal, such as a cow or sheep, that returns partly digested food to the mouth to be re-chewed.
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\Hruminate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\imi-nate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a person) to meditate or ponder: 'don't sit there \Iruminating\j\b\i on your problems'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an animal) to chew the cud. \Bruminatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brumination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bruminative\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\imina-tiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrummage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rumm\j\b\iij \Pverb\p to look for something, especially by moving things around: 'she \Irummaged\j\b\i through the drawers of the desk for a pencil'. \Brummage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) odds and ends, b) the act of rummaging. \Brummage\j\b\i has nautical connections. It has its origins in Old French \Iarrumage\j\b\i a \Pnoun\p formed from the \Pverb\p \Iarrumer\j\b\i, to stow in a ship's hold, \Irun\j\b\i being a ship's hold. The searching would originally have been restricted to the searching of ships' holds.
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\Hrummage sale\h
a sale of used articles to raise money for charity.
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\Hrummy (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a card game for two or more players who try to match cards into sets or sequences of at least three cards.
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\Hrummy (2)\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) odd or strange.
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\Hrumour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p rumor a) an unconfirmed story or report in circulation: 'there is a \Irumour\j\b\i that you are going away'. b) general gossip: '\Irumour\j\b\i has it you're leaving'.
\Brumour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to report or circulate rumours: 'it is \Irumoured\j\b\i that you're going to Africa'. Latin \Irumor\j\b\i a noise
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\Hrump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the fleshy hind-parts of most mammals, equivalent to the buttocks in humans. b) a cut of beef from this area.
\CX12.\j\b\i any lesser or unimportant parts or remnants.
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\Hrumple\h
\Pverb\p to crush or crumple: 'my dress was \Irumpled\j\b\i in the crowded train'.
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\Hrumpus\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a noisy uproar or disturbance.
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\Hrumpus room\h
a room in or separate from a house, for children to play in or for general family use.
\CX11.\j\b\i to move quickly on foot: '\Irun\j\b\i and answer the telephone'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to go or make to go: 'the ship \Iran\j\b\i aground'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to pass or move quickly: a) 'a brilliant idea \Iran\j\b\i through my mind'; b) 'she \Iran\j\b\i her eyes over the page'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to move or operate: a) 'this engine \Iruns\j\b\i quietly'; b) 'I \Irun\j\b\i this business myself'; c) 'trains \Irun\j\b\i every half hour'; d) 'please \Irun\j\b\i this program through the computer'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to continue or extend: a) 'the fence \Iruns\j\b\i round the property'; b) 'the play \Iran\j\b\i for six weeks'; c) 'my tastes don't \Irun\j\b\i to champagne'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to pass a particular state: a) 'to \Irun\j\b\i dry'; b) 'they \Iran\j\b\i riot'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the horse I backed \Iran\j\b\i last' (= finished).
b) 'she \Iran\j\b\i for public office' (= was a candidate).
c) 'artistic ability \Iruns\j\b\i in his family' (= recurs).
d) 'my stockings always \Irun\j\b\i' (= ladder).
e) 'the water \Iran\j\b\i from the taps' (= flowed).
f) 'the colours of my new shirt \Iran\j\b\i' (= spread, mingled).
i) 'we'll \Irun\j\b\i over to visit you' (= make a short or casual trip).
j) 'who will \Irun\j\b\i this errand for me?' (= perform).
k) 'the story \Iruns\j\b\i like this' (=goes).
l) 'they were convicted of \Irunning\j\b\i guns' (= smuggling).
m) 'you're \Irunning\j\b\i a risk by smoking so heavily' (= incurring).
n) 'she's \Irunning\j\b\i a mild fever' (= suffering from).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon the run\j\b\i, in a hurry.
\Brun across\j\b\i, to meet unexpectedly.
\Brun down\j\b\i, a) (of a clock, etc.) to slow down and stop; b) 'I \Iran down\j\b\i a pedestrian' (= knocked down while in a car, etc.); c) to disparage.
\Brun in\j\b\i, a) (of a new motor vehicle) to operate carefully to bring it to full working condition; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to arrest.
\Brun into\j\b\i, a) to meet unexpectedly; b) 'the final cost \Iran into\j\b\i four figures' (= amounted to).
\Brun off\j\b\i, a) to abscond; b) 'the printer \Iran off\j\b\i 100 copies of the leaflet' (= produced).
\Brun out\j\b\i, a) 'time has \Irun out\j\b\i' (= been all used up); b) (\ICricket\j\b\i) to put a batsman out by hitting the wicket with the ball while he or she is out of the crease; c) 'we \Iran\j\b\i the thieves \Iout\j\b\i of town' (= expelled from).
\Brun out on\j\b\i, to desert or abandon.
\Brun over\j\b\i, a) to knock down with a vehicle and injure or kill; b) 'we'll \Irun over\j\b\i what I said last time' (= review).
\Brun short\j\b\i, 'time is \Irunning short\j\b\i' (= nearly all used up).
\Brun through\j\b\i, a) 'I \Iran\j\b\i him \Ithrough\j\b\i with my sword' (= pierced); b) 'we'll \Irun through\j\b\i that last scene again' (= do, rehearse).
\Brun up\j\b\i, a) '\Irun up\j\b\i the flag' (= hoist); b) 'you've run up a large bill' (= amassed); c) 'I'll \Irun\j\b\i you \Iup\j\b\i a new frock on the sewing machine' (= make quickly).
\Brun up against\j\b\i, 'the plan \Iran up against\j\b\i bitter opposition' (= met with).
\Brun\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of running: a) 'go for a \Irun\j\b\i in the park'; b) 'the play had a six week \Irun\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excursion or journey: a) 'let's go for a \Irun\j\b\i in the car'; b) 'it's a 2 hour \Irun\j\b\i by bus'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i the score unit in cricket, baseball, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i grazing land: 'this is our sheep \Irun\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you've had a \Irun\j\b\i of bad luck' (= sequence).
b) 'I'll give you the \Irun\j\b\i of the house while I'm away' (= freedom).
c) 'lately there's been a \Irun\j\b\i on these goods' (= heavy demand).
d) 'did you find the ski \Irun\j\b\i?' (= track, course).
e) 'the general \Irun\j\b\i of people' (= type).
f) 'she has a \Irun\j\b\i in her stocking' (= ladder).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the long run\j\b\i, ultimately.
\Bin the short run\j\b\i, considering only the immediate effects.
\Bon the run\j\b\i, a) 'the criminals are \Ion the run\j\b\i' (= escaped and in hiding); b) 'now we have the enemy forces \Ion the run\j\b\i' (= retreating).
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\Hrun-around\h
\Pnoun\p \Bgive someone the run-around\j\b\i, to evade or prevaricate.
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\Hrunaway\h
\Padjective\p escaped or fugitive: 'a \Irunaway\j\b\i convict'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we must stop \Irunaway\j\b\i inflation' (= uncontrolled).
b) 'he was the \Irunaway\j\b\i winner of the race' (= easy). \Brunaway\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrun-down\h
\Pnoun\p a brief review or summary.
\Brun-down\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
in a poor or dilapidated condition: 'a \Irun-down\j\b\i old house'.
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\Hrune\h
\Isay\j\b\i roon \Pnoun\p any of the characters of an alphabet formerly used in Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon inscriptions. \Brunic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Old English \Irun\j\b\i a mystery
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\Hrung (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bring (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hrung (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a crosspiece set in a ladder or between the legs of a chair for support. Old English \Ihrung\j\b\i a pole
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\Hrun-in\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a disagreement.
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\Hrunnel\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small stream or rivulet. b) a small channel for water.
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\Hrunner\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that runs: 'how many \Irunners\j\b\i in the next race?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a messenger or scout for an employer.
\CX13.\j\b\i the part by which something moves or glides along, such as strips of wood on the edges of a drawer or the blade on an ice-skate.
\CX14.\j\b\i a long, narrow carpet extending along a hallway.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a slender stem that grows along the ground and may produce roots.
\CX16.\j\b\i a sandshoe.
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\Hrunner-up\h
\Pnoun\p a competitor who comes second in a competition.
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\Hrunning\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin the running\j\b\i, having a chance of success.
\Bmake the running\j\b\i, to set the pace.
\Bout of the running\j\b\i, having no chance of success.
\Brunning\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to a person or thing that runs: a) '\Irunning\j\b\i water'; b) 'a \Irunning\j\b\i knot on a noose'.
\CX12.\j\b\i continuous: 'during the match I'll give a \Irunning\j\b\i commentary'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she stayed out late for three nights \Irunning\j\b\i' (= in succession).
b) 'this machine is not in \Irunning\j\b\i order' (= operating, working).
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\Hrunning board\h
a narrow ledge beneath the doors on the side of a vehicle, to assist people getting in or out.
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\Hrunning mate\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i the less important candidate on an electoral ticket, such as the person running for vice-president.
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\Hrunning stitch\h
\INeedlework:\j\b\i a small, continuous stitch.
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\Hrunny\h
\Padjective\p a) liquid or flowing: 'the butter has become \Irunny\j\b\i'. b) discharging a fluid: 'a \Irunny\j\b\i nose'.
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\Hrun-of-the-mill\h
\Padjective\p ordinary or mediocre.
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\Hrunt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an undersized animal, especially the smallest in a litter.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an undersized person.
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\Hrunway\h
\Pnoun\p a cleared, usually concrete, strip of ground for aeroplanes to take off from and land on.
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\Hrupee\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1pee\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the basic unit of money in India, Pakistan and elsewhere.
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\Hrupture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1rup\j\b\icher \Pverb\p to break or burst: 'she \Iruptured\j\b\i a blood vessel'.
\Brupture\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a breaking or bursting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i See \Jhernia\j\b\i.
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\Hrural\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the country or countryside.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to agriculture. \Brurally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iruris\j\b\i of the countryside
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\Hruse\h
\Isay\j\b\i rooz \Pnoun\p a trick or deceitful scheme.
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\Hrush (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to go or move quickly and forcefully: a) 'the surging crowd \Irushed\j\b\i forward'; b) 'the tears \Irushed\j\b\i to his eyes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do something very quickly: 'a new law was \Irushed\j\b\i through parliament'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't \Irush\j\b\i me' (= hurry).
\Brush\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any rapid or forceful movement: a) 'there was a mad \Irush\j\b\i for seats'; b) 'the \Irush\j\b\i of life in a big city'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there's been a \Irush\j\b\i on lemonade this summer' (= heavy demand).
b) 'what's the \Irush\j\b\i?' (= hurry).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the first proofs of a movie.
\Brush\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
requiring speed: 'a \Irush\j\b\i delivery'.
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\Hrush (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various slender, leafless marsh plants used in weaving baskets, etc.
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\Hrush hour\h
one of the busy times of day for traffic, when people travel between home and work.
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\Hrusk\h
\Pnoun\p a crisp, dry biscuit, given to babies to help them when teething.
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\Hrusset\h
\Pnoun\p a brown colour with a reddish or yellowish hue. \Brusset\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Irussus\j\b\i red
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\HRussian roulette\h
See \Jroulette\j\b\i.
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\Hrust\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a flaky, reddish-brown coating of hydrated ferric oxide, which forms on iron when it is exposed to air and moisture.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reddish-brown or orange colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a plant disease caused by fungi, which stains leaves and stems a rust colour.
\Brust\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to corrode or develop rust. \Brust\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hrustic\h
\Padjective\p rural.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he has \Irustic\j\b\i manners' (= unsophisticated).
\Brustic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a country person, especially an unsophisticated one. \Brustically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Brusticate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make rustic.
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\Hrustle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1russ\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to make soft, quiet sounds, as of things rubbing gently together: 'the leaves \Irustled\j\b\i in the wind'. b) to move with such a sound: 'a deer \Irustled\j\b\i through the undergrowth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to steal cattle, etc.
\Brustle up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) '\Irustle up\j\b\i a bit of courage' (= muster). \Brustle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rustling sound; \Brustler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrusty\h
\Padjective\p a) affected with rust. b) having the colour of rust.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my Spanish is a little \Irusty\j\b\i' (= weak through lack of practice).
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\Hrut (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow furrow in the ground, especially one made by the wheels of vehicles.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I mustn't get into a \Irut\j\b\i' (= fixed or established way of life).
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\Hrut (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a period of recurring sexual excitement in animals such as sheep and goats. \Brut\j\b\i (\Brutted\j\b\i, \Brutting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to be affected by rut. Latin \Irugitus\j\b\i bellowing
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\Hruth\h
\Isay\j\b\i rooth \Pnoun\p an old word for pity or sorrow. \Bruthful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bruthfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bruthfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hruthenium\h
\Isay\j\b\i roo-\CX1theen\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p element number 44, a rare, brittle metal used in hardening platinum alloys and as a catalyst. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
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\Hrutherfordium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 104, an unstable, artificially created, radioactive element. after \IE. Rutherford\j\b\i, 1871-1937, a New Zealand-born physicist
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\Hruthless\h
\Isay\j\b\i rooth-less \Padjective\p pitiless or merciless: 'the ambitious prince was \Iruthless\j\b\i in his desire to become king'. \Bruthlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bruthlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hrutile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1roo\j\b\i-tile \Pnoun\p a naturally occurring form of titanium dioxide, often occurring as sands. It is used as a source of titanium. Latin \Irutilus\j\b\i golden red
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\Hrye\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cereal plant used to make flour and whisky, and as food for cattle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a whisky distilled from rye.
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\Hrye-bread\h
\Pnoun\p a dark bread made with flour from rye.
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\Hrye-grass\h
\Pnoun\p any of several species or kinds of pasture grass; especially perennial rye-grass, Italian rye-grass.
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\HSabbath\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a) the seventh day of the week, Saturday, kept as a day of rest by Jews and certain Christian sects. b) the first day of the week, Sunday, kept by Christians as a day of rest in celebration of Christ's resurrection.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) a secret meeting of witches held at night. Hebrew \Ishabath\j\b\i to rest
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\Hsabbatical\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1batt\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p sabbatic \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the Sabbath.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a period of rest.
\Bsabbatical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a period when an employed person, especially a university teacher, is freed from duties for travel, study, etc.
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\Hsable\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small, ferret-like mammal of North America, Europe and Asia. b) the fur of this animal. \Bsable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made of sable, b) black.
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\Hsabotage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sabb\j\b\ia-tah\Izh\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any deliberate and secretive destruction or obstruction, such as of machinery or installations during wartime or during an industrial dispute. \Bsabotage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsaboteur\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sabba-\CX1ter\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who commits sabotage. \Bsabotage\j\b\i comes from the French word \Isabot\j\b\i (clog). The connection between \Isabotage\j\b\i and \Isabot\j\b\i is thought to be the French \Pverb\p \Isaboter\j\b\i, to walk noisily and clumsily in clogs, which came to mean to work clumsily and then to destroy tools and machinery deliberately.
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\Hsabre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy sword with a slightly curved blade, having one cutting edge, used by cavalry.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light fencing sword with a flexible, tapering, blunt-edged blade and a semicircular guard.
\Bsabre-rattling\j\b\i, a provocative or warning display of military strength.
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\Hsabre-toothed tiger\h
a long-extinct, large tiger with long, upper, front teeth.
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\Hsac\h
\Pnoun\p a small, bag-like part of an animal or plant, often containing fluid.
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\Hsaccharin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sakk\j\b\ia-rin \Pnoun\p saccharine \IChemistry:\j\b\i a crystalline solid which is about 400 times sweeter than cane sugar and is used as a sugar substitute in cases of diabetes or obesity.
\Bsaccharine\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
cloyingly sweet: 'a \Isaccharine\j\b\i smile'. Greek \Isakkharon\j\b\i sugar
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\Hsacerdotal\h
\Isay\j\b\i sassa-\CX1doe\j\b\i-t'l \Ior\j\b\i sakka-\CX1doe\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p of or relating to priests. Latin \Isacerdotis\j\b\i of a priest
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\Hsachet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sash\j\b\iay \Pnoun\p a small, sealed envelope or bag used to hold perfume, shampoo, etc. French
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\Hsack (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, strong bag, usually made of hessian, for carrying wood, potatoes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dismissal from employment.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bed.
\Bhit the sack\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go to bed. \Bsack\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to put into sacks, b) (informal) to dismiss.
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\Hsack (2)\h
\Pverb\p to loot or plunder after capture: 'to \Isack\j\b\i a city'. \Bsack\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsack (3)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for various strong wines, originally from Spain and the Canary Islands.
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\Hsackcloth\h
\Pnoun\p sacking.
\Bin sackcloth and ashes\j\b\i, extremely repentant.
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\Hsacking\h
\Pnoun\p any coarse fabric used for sacks, such as hessian.
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\Hsacra\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jsacrum\j\b\i.
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\Hsacrament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\ira-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i any of the important rites, recognised as seven by Roman and Eastern churches and some Anglicans, of which most Protestant churches have retained two: baptism and a modified eucharist or Lord's supper.
\CX12.\j\b\i any sacred or solemn event or undertaking. \Bsacramental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sakra-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsacred\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-krid \Padjective\p dedicated to a god or religious purpose.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this statue is \Isacred\j\b\i to her memory' (= reverently dedicated).
b) 'the \Isacred\j\b\i memory of the king' (= revered). \Bsacredly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsacredness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isacer\j\b\i holy
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\HSacred College\h
See \Jcardinal\j\b\i.
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\Hsacred cow\h
a person or thing that escapes critical examination because of popular esteem, high repute, etc. from the Hindu belief that the \Icow\j\b\i is holy
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\Hsacrifice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\iri-fice \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the giving up of something one values for the sake of something considered more important. b) something which is lost or given up in this way.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the offering of something to a deity. b) something which is offered. \Bsacrifice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsacrificial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sakri-\CX1fish\j\b\iul), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsacrificially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsacrilege\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\iri-lij \Pnoun\p any injury to or disrespectful treatment of anything regarded as sacred. \Bsacrilegious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsacrilegiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsacrilegiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isacra\j\b\i sacred things + \Ilegere\j\b\i to steal
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\Hsacristan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\iris-t'n \Pnoun\p a sexton.
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\Hsacristy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\iris-tee \Pnoun\p a vestry.
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\Hsacrosanct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\iro-sankt \Padjective\p extremely sacred or inviolable.
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\Hsacrum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-krum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsacra\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a bone in the lower back, consisting of five vertebrae fused together.
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\Hsad\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sorrowful or unhappy.
\CX12.\j\b\i causing or expressing sorrow.
\CX13.\j\b\i pitifully inadequate: 'a \Isad\j\b\i attempt'. \Bsadly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsadness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsadden\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become sad.
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\Hsaddle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a padded leather seat for a rider on the back of a horse or similar animal. b) a similar seat on a bicycle, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or position of a saddle, such as a hollow ridge between two mountain peaks.
\CX13.\j\b\i a cut of lamb taken from the upper back of the animal.
\Bin the saddle\j\b\i, in control.
\Bsaddle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put a saddle on a horse, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Isaddled\j\b\i with all the responsibilities during his absence' (= loaded, left).
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\Hsaddlebag\h
\Pnoun\p a bag buckled to, or hung over, the saddle, used for carrying things.
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\Hsaddlecloth\h
\Pnoun\p a cloth placed between a saddle and the horse's back.
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\Hsaddlery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sad\j\b\ila-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i saddles, bridles and related equipment for horses.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shop or business which deals in such equipment. \Bsaddler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who makes or sells saddlery.
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\Hsadism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sad\j\b\i-izm \Ior\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-dizm \Pnoun\p a pleasure, especially sexual pleasure, in causing suffering, pain or humiliation to another person. \Bsadist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsadistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1dis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsadistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. after the \IMarquis de Sade\j\b\i, 1740-1814, a French novelist notorious for a mixture of sex and cruelty in his books
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\Hsadomasochism\h
\Isay\j\b\i say-doe-\CX1mass\j\b\ia-kizm \Pnoun\p a liking for both sadism and masochism.
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\Hsafari\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1far\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a) an expedition, especially for hunting. b) the people, animals, etc. forming such an expedition. Arabic \Isafara\j\b\i to travel
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\Hsafe\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free from danger, injury or risk: a) 'keep the jewels in a \Isafe\j\b\i place'; b) 'we arrived \Isafe\j\b\i and sound'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unable to do any further harm: 'he's \Isafe\j\b\i in jail now'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is a \Isafe\j\b\i player' (= cautious).
\Bsafe\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a strong metal box, usually with a complex lock or combination, in which money and other valuables are kept.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cupboard or box, often with mesh sides, for storing and protecting food: 'a meat \Isafe\j\b\i'. \Bsafely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsafety\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsafe-conduct\h
\Pnoun\p a) a document which entitles the holder to protected or safe passage through an area, especially in wartime. b) the privilege of so passing.
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\Hsafe-deposit\h
\Pnoun\p a room or building fitted with safes, etc. for storing valuable articles.
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\Hsafeguard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1safe\j\b\i-gard \Pnoun\p a protective measure or device. \Bsafeguard\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to protect.
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\Hsafekeeping\h
\Pnoun\p protection.
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\Hsafety\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsafe\j\b\i.
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\Hsafety belt\h
See \Jseat\j\b\i \Bbelt\j\b\i.
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\Hsafety catch\h
a locking device to prevent a gun being fired accidentally.
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\Hsafety glass\h
any of various forms of specially strengthened glass, such as two panes joined by a layer of plastic, which is designed not to shatter.
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\Hsafety match\h
a match designed to light only on contact with special surfaces.
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\Hsafety pin\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a pin with a rounded guard in which the point is held.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device which prevents a grenade, etc. exploding accidentally.
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\Hsafety razor\h
a razor blade with a protective guard.
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\Hsafflower\h
\Pnoun\p a thistle-like plant with large, reddish-orange flowers used as a dye, a source of oil and in medicine.
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\Hsaffron\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the dried, orange-coloured stigmas of a variety of crocus, used whole or powdered to colour or flavour food.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep, yellowish-orange colour. \Bsaffron\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsag\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsagged\j\b\i, \Bsagging\j\b\i)
to sink or bend downwards, especially in the middle, due to weight or pressure.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her shoulders \Isagged\j\b\i after the busy day' (= drooped). \Bsag\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsaga\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sah\j\b\iga \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a medieval Icelandic epic written in prose.
\CX12.\j\b\i a novel that traces a family's fortunes through several generations: 'the Forsyte \Isaga\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any long story or description: 'she told the \Isaga\j\b\i of their journey across Asia'. Old Norse, narrative
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\Hsagacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1gay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p showing keen judgement and common sense. \Bsagaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsagacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1gass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsage (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sayj \Pnoun\p an extremely wise person. \Bsage\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wise; \Bsagely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsageness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isapere\j\b\i to be wise
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\Hsage (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sayj \Pnoun\p a herb with strongly flavoured greyish-green leaves. Latin \Isalvia\j\b\i a healing plant
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\Hsage-green\h
\Pnoun\p a greyish-green colour. \Bsage-green\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HSagittarius\h
\Isay\j\b\i saji-\CX1tair\j\b\iius \Pnoun\p also called the \BArcher\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the ninth sign of the zodiac. Latin \Isagitta\j\b\i an arrow
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\Hsago\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p a starchy, rice-like substance obtained from plants, used in puddings and soups.
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\Hsahib\h
\Isay\j\b\i sahb \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sa\j\b\i-ib \Pnoun\p a form of address used by Indians to a superior. Arabic, friend
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\Hsaid\h
\Isay\j\b\i sed \Padjective\p named or mentioned already: 'the \Isaid\j\b\i witness'.
\Bsaid\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsay\j\b\i.
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\Hsail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of fabric, originally canvas, fastened to a mast so that it catches the wind and propels a boat.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a sail: 'the \Isails\j\b\i of a windmill'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a trip in a sailing boat: 'we went for a \Isail\j\b\i before the storm'.
\Bset sail\j\b\i, to start a trip or voyage.
\Bsail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to move across the surface of water by the action of wind in a sail or sails.
\CX12.\j\b\i to travel by water: 'we \Isailed\j\b\i to Cape Town in a luxury ship'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to manage a sailing boat.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a bullet \Isailed\j\b\i past her ear' (= moved rapidly).
b) 'she \Isailed\j\b\i angrily out of the room' (= moved with dignity).
\Bsail in, sail into\j\b\i, to go boldly or aggressively into action.
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\Hsailboard\h
\Pnoun\p a shaped board with a movable sail on which a person balances and sails.
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\Hsailcloth\h
\Pnoun\p a) a strong canvas used for sails, etc. b) a lightweight canvas used to make clothes, etc.
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\Hsailfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, fast-swimming fish related to the marlin, having a high, sail-like, dorsal fin.
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\Hsailor\h
\Pnoun\p a member of the crew of any boat or ship.
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\Hsailplane\h
\Pnoun\p a glider with very long wings intended for sustained flying.
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\Hsaint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i any person of exceptional holiness, formally recognised and venerated by the Church.
\CX12.\j\b\i any very holy or unselfish person. \Bsaintly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsaintliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsainthood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isanctus\j\b\i holy
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\HSaint Bernard\h
any of a breed of large, heavy, wavy-haired dogs. originally used by monks in the monastery of \ISaint Bernard\j\b\i in the Swiss Alps to search for lost travellers
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\HSt Vitus's dance\h
See \Jchorea\j\b\i.
#
\Hsaith\h
\Isay\j\b\i seth \Pverb\p the old form of the third person singular, present tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsay\j\b\i.
#
\Hsake (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i benefit, cause or interest: 'please do it for my \Isake\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i purpose, motive or end: 'for the \Isake\j\b\i of argument'.
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\Hsake (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sah\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p a wine made from rice. Japanese
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\Hsalaam\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1lahm\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a word or bow given in greeting, especially amongst Moslems. \Bsalaam\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Arabic \Isalam\j\b\i peace
\Pnoun\p a dish of raw or cooked vegetables, meat, fruit, etc., often served cold and usually served with a dressing. Latin \Isal\j\b\i salt
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\Hsalad days\h
days of youthful inexperience.
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\Hsalamander\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sall\j\b\ia-manda \Pnoun\p any of a group of amphibians whose larvae usually live in the water although the adults live on land.
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\Hsalami\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1lah\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p a spicy cooked sausage, usually containing garlic. Italian
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\Hsalary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sall\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a regular payment to an employee, usually monthly or fortnightly. Compare \Jwage\j\b\i. \Bsalaried\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, earning or yielding a salary. Latin \Isalarium\j\b\i money paid to Roman soldiers to buy salt
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\Hsale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of selling. b) the exchange of anything, especially goods, for money.
\CX12.\j\b\i a special disposal of goods at reduced prices.
\Bsaleable\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
subject to or suitable for sale. \Bsaleability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sale-a\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsalesmanship\h
\Pnoun\p the art of persuading people to buy goods.
#
\Hsalesperson\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsalespersons\j\b\i, \Bsalespeople\j\b\i
a person employed to sell goods or services, wholesale or retail. \Bsalesman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the masculine form of salesperson; \Bsaleswoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of salesperson; \Bsales representative\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsales resistance\h
a failure by the public to respond to the sales efforts of advertisers and salespeople.
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\Hsales tax\h
a tax added to the retail price of certain articles.
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\Hsaleyard\h
\Pnoun\p an enclosed area used for the sale of livestock.
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\Hsalient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\ili-ent \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i striking or prominent.
\CX12.\j\b\i jutting out.
\Bsalient\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a part of a fortification, trench, or battle line that projects towards the enemy. \Bsaliently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsalience\j\b\i, \Bsaliency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isaliens\j\b\i leaping
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\Hsaline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-line \Padjective\p of or containing salt. \Bsalinity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1linn\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsaliva\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-lie-va \Pnoun\p the fluid, containing ptyalin, secreted by glands in the mouth and beginning the digestion of food. \Bsalivary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1lie\j\b\i-va-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsalivate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sall\j\b\ii-vate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to produce saliva; \Bsalivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HSalk vaccine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sallk vak\j\b\i-seen a vaccine used against poliomyelitis. first introduced by \IJ. E. Salk\j\b\i, born 1914, an American microbiologist
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\Hsallow\h
\Padjective\p (of the complexion) yellowish or sickly. \Bsallowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsally\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden sortie by besieged troops against the enemy.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excursion or a burst of activity.
\CX13.\j\b\i a quick or witty remark. \Bsally\j\b\i (\Bsallied\j\b\i, \Bsallying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isalire\j\b\i to leap
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\Hsalmon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1samm\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsalmon\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) any of a large group of highly prized fish with pink flesh, which live in the sea but go up rivers to spawn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a light, pinkish-orange colour.
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\Hsalmonella\h
\Isay\j\b\i salma-\CX1nell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a group of bacteria, many of which may cause diseases, including typhoid and food poisoning. after \ID. E. Salmon\j\b\i, 1861-1914, an American veterinary surgeon
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\Hsalon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a reception room in a house.
\CX12.\j\b\i a building or room used for a particular, usually fashionable, business: 'a beauty \Isalon\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a private meeting between selected guests, such as artists or politicians, first held in France in the 18th century by wealthy women. French, drawing-room
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\Hsaloon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship's cabin, originally one for first-class passengers.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jsedan\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a place where alcoholic drinks are sold to be drunk on the premises.
\Bsaloon bar\j\b\i, the most elegant bar in a hotel, more expensive than the public bar.
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\Hsalt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a white compound, sodium chloride (formula NaCl), widely used to flavour and preserve food.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound formed by the action of an acid on a metal or base.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) any of a group of salts used as laxatives. b) smelling salts.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sailor, especially an experienced one.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsalt of the earth\j\b\i, the best type of people.
\Btake with a grain of salt\j\b\i, to believe with reservation.
\Bworth one's salt\j\b\i, deserving one's pay, reward or position.
\Bsalt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to add salt in order to season or preserve food.
\CX12.\j\b\i to introduce rich ore into a mine, etc. to give a false impression of value. \Bsalt\j\b\i, \Bsalty\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, containing or tasting of salt; \Bsaltily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsaltiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsaltation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sal-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a leaping or irregular movement, such as of particles of sand, dust, etc. moved by wind or water. \Bsaltant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dancing.
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\Hsaltbush\h
a drought-resistant, Australian shrub with furry, grey leaves, used as fodder during droughts.
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\Hsaltcellar\h
\Pnoun\p a small, often decorative container for sprinkling salt.
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\Hsalt marsh\h
a) a coastal marsh which is sometimes covered by seawater. b) an inland marsh in a dry area where the water contains much salt.
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\Hsaltpan\h
\Pnoun\p a naturally formed hollow from which water has evaporated, leaving a layer of salt.
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\Hsaltpetre\h
\Isay\j\b\i sawlt-\CX1pee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p potassium nitrate (formula KNO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i), a white crystalline solid used in medicine, for pickling meat and in gunpowder.
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\Hsalty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsalt\j\b\i.
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\Hsalubrious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1loo\j\b\ibri-us \Padjective\p good for one's health. \Bsalubriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsalubriousness\j\b\i, \Bsalubrity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1loo\j\b\ibri-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hsaluki\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1loo\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p any of a breed of tall, slender dogs of greyhound type, originally prized by Arab tribes for their speed and endurance, and having a silky coat.
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\Hsalutary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sal\j\b\i-yoo-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i promoting some beneficial purpose.
\CX12.\j\b\i good for one's health. \Bsalutarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsalutariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsalutation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sal-yoo-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a greeting.
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\Hsalute\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1loot\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to greet.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i to make a gesture of respect or acknowledgement by raising the right hand to the cap or forehead, firing artillery, etc. \Bsalute\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isalutare\j\b\i to wish health to
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\Hsalvage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sal\j\b\ivij \Pnoun\p a) the act of saving a ship from shipwreck, goods from a fire, etc. b) the property saved. \Bsalvage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to save from loss or destruction.
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\Hsalvation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sal-\CX1vay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a) preservation or deliverance from sin, evil or difficulty. b) a means or cause of such deliverance. Latin \Isalvare\j\b\i to save
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\HSalvation Army\h
\IChristian:\j\b\i a religious organisation founded by William Booth in 1865, with a military structure and concerned with a general revival of religion, helping the poor, etc. \BSalvationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsalve (1)\h
\Pnoun\p something which soothes, such as an ointment. \Bsalve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to soothe.
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\Hsalve (2)\h
\Pverb\p to salvage.
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\Hsalver\h
\Pnoun\p a tray, usually of silver.
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\Hsalvo\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the firing of guns together or in succession, especially as a salute.
\CX12.\j\b\i any sudden outburst, as of applause. Italian \Isalva\j\b\i salutation
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\Hsal volatile\h
ammonium carbonate, an aromatic solution used as smelling salts.
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\HSamaritan\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1marr\j\b\ii-tan \Pnoun\p a person who helps another who is in trouble. from the Biblical parable of the \IGood Samaritan\j\b\i, Luke 10.33
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\Hsamarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1mair\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p element number 62, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hsamba\h
\Pnoun\p a ballroom dance from Brazil.
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\Hsame\h
\Padjective\p, \Ppronoun\p corresponding or unchanged:
(as an \Padjective\p) 'he gets up at the \Isame\j\b\i hour every morning'.
(as a \Ppronoun\p) 'Theresa ordered lobster and I asked for the \Isame\j\b\i'.
\Ball the same\j\b\i, \Bjust the same\j\b\i, despite all that.
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\Hsameness\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being the same: 'there is a marked \Isameness\j\b\i about your cooking, lately'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lack of variety: 'the monotonous \Isameness\j\b\i of the desert scenery'.
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\Hsamosa\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1moh\j\b\i-sa \Pnoun\p an Indian snack consisting of small triangular envelopes of pastry filled with spicy minced meat or vegetables and deep-fried. Hindi
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\Hsamovar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1samm\j\b\ia-var \Pnoun\p a metal urn for heating water, especially to make tea. Russian \Isamo\j\b\i self + \Ivarit\j\b\i boil
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\HSamoyed\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sam\j\b\i-oyd \Pnoun\p one of a breed of white, long-haired watch-dogs, originally from Asia.
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\Hsampan\h
\Pnoun\p a small flat-bottomed boat with a roof of mats, used in China and nearby countries. Chinese
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\Hsample\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sahm\j\b\i-p'l \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sam\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p a part of something which shows the quality or character of the whole: 'taste a \Isample\j\b\i of this cheese before you buy it'.
\Bsample\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to test something by taking a sample: 'would you like to \Isample\j\b\i the cheese?'. \Bsample\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Old French \Iessample\j\b\i example
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\Hsampler\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sahm\j\b\ipla \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that samples.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of cloth with various designs embroidered on it, to demonstrate skill in needlework.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i a device which translates external sounds into digital codes which can then be processed in a number of ways, e.g. a sampler can enable a piece of recorded music to be used as a part of another recording.
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\Hsampling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the process of taking a random sample.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i the technique which is used by a sampler.
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\Hsamurai\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sam\j\b\i-yoo-rye \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a member of the Japanese military class.
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\Hsanatorium\h
\Isay\j\b\i sanna-\CX1taw\j\b\iri-um \Pnoun\p a place for people convalescing after an illness or operation, originally a place in a favourable climate for tuberculosis patients. Latin \Isanare\j\b\i to make healthy
to make holy or sacred. \Bsanctified\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsanctification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isanctus\j\b\i holy + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
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\Hsanctimonious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sankti-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p hypocritical, pretending to be holy or saintly. \Bsanctimoniously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsanctimoniousness\j\b\i, \Bsanctimony\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isanctimonia\j\b\i sacredness
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\Hsanction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sank\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i permission granted by authority: 'you may only travel in restricted areas with official \Isanction\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this ancient ceremony has the \Isanction\j\b\i of centuries' (= approval).
\CX12.\j\b\i any punishment or threat provided as a way of enforcing a law: 'trade \Isanctions\j\b\i were applied against the illegal regime'. \Bsanction\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to approve or authorise. Latin \Isanctio\j\b\i a law dealing with penalties for contravention
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\Hsanctity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sank\j\b\iti-tee \Pnoun\p holiness or sacredness.
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\Hsanctuary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sank\j\b\i-tew-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an especially sacred or holy place, such as the area around the altar in a Christian church.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) protection or refuge. b) any place which provides protection, such as a reserve for wildlife.
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\Hsanctum\h
\Pnoun\p a holy or private place.
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\Hsand\h
\Pnoun\p the fine, loose particles of decomposed and weathered rocks, finer than gravel but coarser than silt.
\Bsand\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to smooth or polish with sand or sandpaper.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sprinkle with or add sand to. \Bsander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sands.
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\Hsandal\h
\Pnoun\p any of various light shoes with a leather, wooden or plastic sole and straps enclosing the foot.
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\Hsandalwood\h
\Pnoun\p the fragrant central wood of certain Asian trees, used for carving, as a dye and for incense.
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\Hsandbag\h
\Pnoun\p a bag filled with sand, used to make protective walls in wartime trenches, during a flood, etc., or as ballast.
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\Hsandbank\h
\Pnoun\p a ridge of sand in the sea or a river, often uncovered at low tide.
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\Hsandbar\h
\Pnoun\p a bar of sand formed in the sea or a river by the action of tides or currents.
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\Hsandblast\h
\Pverb\p to clean metal or other hard surfaces with a blast of air containing sand or grit.
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\Hsand-dune\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdune\j\b\i.
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\Hsander\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsand\j\b\i.
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\Hsandfly\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small bloodsucking flies similar to mosquitoes, which may transmit diseases.
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\Hsandglass\h
\Pnoun\p an hourglass.
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\Hsandhopper\h
\Pnoun\p a hopping flea-like insect found on beaches.
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\Hsandman\h
\Pnoun\p a fairytale man who puts children to sleep by putting sand in their eyes.
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\Hsandpaper\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet of heavy paper coated with sand or a similar substance and used as an abrasive. Compare \Jglasspaper\j\b\i. \Bsandpaper\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsandpiper\h
\Pnoun\p a bird related to the snipe and plover, which lives on the seashore and makes a piping sound.
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\Hsandpit\h
\Pnoun\p a hollow filled with sand, set in a garden or park, in which children play.
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\Hsandshoe\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Brunner\j\b\i or a \Bplimsoll\j\b\i
a light canvas shoe with rubber soles, used for tennis and other sports.
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\Hsandstone\h
\Pnoun\p a sedimentary rock formed of layers of sand laid down and held together by silica, lime, etc.
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\Hsandwich\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i two pieces of buttered bread with a filling between.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or arrangement of a sandwich.
\Bsandwich\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to squeeze something between two other things: 'she was \Isandwiched\j\b\i between two huge men in the train'. \Bsandwich\j\b\i is eponymous. In other words, it is named after a person, the person being John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718-92). The idea of putting meat between two pieces of bread is older than that but it was the Earl who popularised it. He was a compulsive gambler and was reluctant to leave the gambling table to eat; he therefore had quantities of cold beef between slices of toast brought to him.
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\Hsandwich board\h
one of a pair of boards bearing advertisements, etc. carried on a person's back and chest.
\Bsandwichman\j\b\i, a person who carries sandwich boards.
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\Hsandy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or containing sand.
\CX12.\j\b\i of a yellowish-orange colour. \Bsandiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsane\h
\Padjective\p having a normal mental condition.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that is a very \Isane\j\b\i idea' (= sensible). \Bsanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isanus\j\b\i healthy
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\Hsang\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsing\j\b\i.
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\Hsangfroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i song-\CX1frwa\j\b\i \Pnoun\p self-control or cool-headedness. French \Isang\j\b\i blood + \Ifroid\j\b\i cold
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\Hsanguinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1san\j\b\i-gwin-ree \Padjective\p a) causing much bloodshed: 'a \Isanguinary\j\b\i war'. b) bloodthirsty.
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\Hsanguine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1san\j\b\i-gwin \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i hopeful or optimistic.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a complexion) red. \Bsanguinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsanguineness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsanitary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sann\j\b\ii-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i clean and healthy, especially in regard to precautions against disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to health. Latin \Isanitatis\j\b\i of health
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\Hsanitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sanni-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the use or practice of sanitary methods.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drainage or sewerage system.
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\Hsanity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sann\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the fact or quality of being sane.
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\Hsank\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsink\j\b\i.
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\HSanta Claus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1san\j\b\ita klawz the legendary person bringing presents to children at Christmas.
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\Hsap (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fluid in a plant.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fool. \Bsappy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of sap, b) full of life and energy.
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\Hsap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i a deep trench or tunnel dug to approach or undermine enemy fortifications.
\IChemistry:\j\b\i to convert an ester to a salt by treating it with an alkali, e.g. treating animal or vegetable fats and oils to make soaps. \Bsaponification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsapper\h
\Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i a private soldier in the engineering or survey corps of an army.
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\Hsapphire\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1saff\j\b\iire \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a blue variety of corundum, used as a gem and for watch bearings.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep blue colour. \Bsapphire\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsappy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsap (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsaprophyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sap\j\b\iro-fite \Pnoun\p an organism, such as certain fungi and bacteria, which lives on dead organic matter. Greek \Isapros\j\b\i putrid + \Iphyton\j\b\i a plant
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\Hsaraband\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sarr\j\b\ia-band \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a slow dance from Spain, often part of a suite.
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\Hsarcastic\h
\Padjective\p sharply mocking or contemptuous and usually heavily ironical. \Bsarcastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsarcasm\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the quality of being sarcastic, b) a sarcastic remark. Greek \Isarkazein\j\b\i to tear flesh \Bsarcastic, sardonic\j\b\i are both \Padjective\ps concerning types of humour. A \Isarcastic\j\b\i comment is one that uses ironic and exaggerated humour to humiliate or upset: 'the comments sounded like compliments, but they were really \Isarcastic\j\b\i ones'. A \Isardonic\j\b\i comment is one that is bitterly mocking, cynical or scornful: 'his \Isardonic\j\b\i smile showed that he cared little for anything or anyone'.
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\Hsarcophagus\h
\Isay\j\b\i sar-\CX1koff\j\b\ia-gus \Pnoun\p a stone coffin.
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\Hsardine\h
\Isay\j\b\i sar\CX1deen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any of a group of small edible fish related to the pilchard, often preserved in oil and canned. Greek \ISardo\j\b\i Sardinia
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\Hsardonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sar-\CX1donn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p gloomily scornful or mocking, especially of oneself. \Bsardonically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Isardanios\j\b\i scornful laughter See \Jsarcastic\j\b\i.
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\Hsari\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sar\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a long Indian dress, consisting of a piece of material wound around the body with one end over the shoulder. Compare \Jsarong\j\b\i.
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\HSarich engine\h
a four-stroke internal combustion engine, in which a single piston serves a number of cylinders and moves through an orbital path. a trademark
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\Hsarong\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1rong\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a skirt consisting of a piece of material wound around the lower half of the body and tucked in at the waist, worn by Asian men and women. Compare \Jsari\j\b\i.
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\Hsarsaparilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i sarspa-\CX1rill\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a) the dried root of certain tropical climbing plants of the lily family, used in medicine and to flavour food or drink. b) a soft drink flavoured with this.
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\Hsartorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i sar-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p relating to men's clothing or tailoring. Latin \Isartor\j\b\i mender of old clothes
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\Hsartorius\h
\Isay\j\b\i sar-\CX1taw\j\b\iri-us \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the longest muscle in the body, which stretches from the upper hip across the thigh to the tibia and controls leg movement.
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\Hsash (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a wide strip of cloth worn around the waist or over the shoulder, for decoration or as part of a uniform. Arabic \Ishash\j\b\i turban
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\Hsash (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the separate frame which supports the glass in a window, often sliding or hinged.
\Bsash-window\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a window which slides up and down on a rope (the \Bsashcord\j\b\i), which is attached to weights acting as a counterbalance.
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\Hsashay\h
\Pverb\p to strut or move ostentatiously.
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\Hsassafras\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a deciduous American tree from which oil for perfume is obtained.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tall, Australian tree with fragrant cream flowers.
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\HSassenach\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sass\j\b\ia-nak \Pnoun\p \IScottish:\j\b\i (\Iuse is often racist\j\b\i) an English person.
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\Hsat\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsit\j\b\i.
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\HSatan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p the devil. \BSatanism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, worship of the devil; \BSatanist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Hebrew \Ishatan\j\b\i adversary
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\Hsatanic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1tann\j\b\iik \Padjective\p satanical very wicked or evil. \Bsatanically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsatay\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sa\j\b\i-tay \Pnoun\p a South-East Asian dish consisting of small pieces of spiced meat or vegetables threaded on a skewer, barbecued, and usually served with a peanut sauce.
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\Hsatchel\h
\Pnoun\p a light, leather or canvas bag with a shoulder-strap, e.g. for carrying books.
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\Hsate\h
\Pverb\p to satisfy fully: 'my appetite was \Isated\j\b\i after the huge meal'.
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\Hsateen\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a cotton fabric with a satin-like shine. \Bsateen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsatellite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1satt\j\b\ia-lite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any body in space, such as a moon, which revolves around another body of greater mass, such as a planet. Compare \Jplanet\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i an electronic machine sent into space to orbit the earth or other heavenly body, such as a planet, for the purposes of communications or gathering information.
\CX13.\j\b\i a town or country dependent on or controlled by another. \Bsatellite\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Isatellus\j\b\i a bodyguard
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\Hsatellite dish\h
a dish-shaped aerial used to receive transmissions from a satellite.
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\Hsatiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-shee-ate \Pverb\p to satisfy to excess. \Bsatiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsatiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsatiety\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1tie\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being satiated. Latin \Isatiare\j\b\i to glut
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\Hsatin\h
\Pnoun\p a smooth, shiny fabric, usually woven from rayon or silk. \Bsatin\j\b\i, \Bsatiny\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, a) of or like satin, b) smooth.
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\Hsatinet\h
\Pnoun\p satinette a type of satin containing cotton.
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\Hsatin stitch\h
an embroidery stitch consisting of very close, parallel stitches.
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\Hsatinwood\h
\Pnoun\p the hard, light-coloured wood of an Asian tree, used for making furniture.
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\Hsatire\h
\Pnoun\p a) the use of mocking or exaggerated humour to ridicule faults and vices. b) a piece of writing, song, etc. which does this.
a) of, like or containing satire: 'a \Isatirical\j\b\i book'. b) using or fond of satire: 'a \Isatirical\j\b\i author'.
\Bsatirise\j\b\i, \Bsatirize\j\b\i
to attack or describe in a satire: 'this book \Isatirises\j\b\i the clergy'. \Bsatirically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsatirist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1satt\j\b\ia-rist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a writer of satires.
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\Hsatisfaction\h
\Isay\j\b\i sattis-\CX1fak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of satisfying: 'the \Isatisfaction\j\b\i of his demands was almost impossible'. b) the state of being satisfied: 'I felt \Isatisfaction\j\b\i after my horse won'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something that satisfies: 'your daughter must be a great \Isatisfaction\j\b\i to you'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I demand \Isatisfaction\j\b\i for that insult' (= reparation, payment).
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\Hsatisfactory\h
\Isay\j\b\i satis-\CX1fak\j\b\ita-ree \Padjective\p giving satisfaction, as by meeting the required standard: 'did you find your rooms \Isatisfactory\j\b\i?'. \Bsatisfactorily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsatisfactoriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to make happy by supplying needs or demands: 'did my answer \Isatisfy\j\b\i your curiosity?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'how can I \Isatisfy\j\b\i you that I'm telling the truth?' (= convince).
b) 'I finally \Isatisfied\j\b\i my debt' (= repaid in full). \Bsatisfyingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsatrap\h
\Pnoun\p a subordinate ruler, e.g. of a province. \Bsatrapy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sat\j\b\ira-pee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the territory ruled by a satrap.
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\Hsaturate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1satch\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to wet thoroughly: 'rain \Isaturated\j\b\i the dry earth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i to cause a substance to absorb as much as possible of another substance.
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\Hsaturation\h
\Isay\j\b\i satcha-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of saturating. b) the state of being saturated.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i the condition of the atmosphere when it can store no more water-vapour and any excess moisture will condense as droplets or crystals.
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\Hsaturation point\h
the point at which a substance can absorb no more of another substance.
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\HSaturday\h
\Pnoun\p the seventh day of the week. after the planet \ISaturn\j\b\i
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\HSaturn\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IRoman mythology:\j\b\i the god of fertility and agriculture.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system sixth from the sun, and surrounded by a series of thin, flat ice rings and 21 known moons.
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\Hsaturnine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1satt\j\b\ia-nine \Padjective\p gloomy or morose.
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\Hsatyr\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1satt\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a god of the woods, with the body of a man and the ears, horns, tail and legs of a goat or horse, identified with the Roman gods called fauns.
\CX12.\j\b\i a man with a very strong sexual desire.
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\Hsatyriasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i satta-\CX1rye\j\b\i-a-sis \Pnoun\p an abnormally strong sexual desire in men. Compare \Jnymphomania\j\b\i.
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\Hsauce\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i horse \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet or savoury liquid, usually thickened, served with food to give it extra flavour.
a) the state of being savage: 'the primitive tribe lived in a condition of \Isavagery\j\b\i'. b) savage behaviour: 'the cruel king treated his subjects with \Isavagery\j\b\i'. \Bsavage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a wild or uncivilised person; \Bsavagely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsavageness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isilvaticus\j\b\i of the woods
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\Hsavanna\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1vann\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p savannah a region, usually bordering equatorial rainforests, which has a wet and a dry season and a vegetation of grass and scattered trees.
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\Hsavant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1savv\j\b\i'nt \Pnoun\p a person of learning. French, knowing
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\Hsave (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rescue or keep safe from danger, harm or loss: 'I was \Isaved\j\b\i from drowning'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Isave\j\b\i time' (= not waste).
\CX12.\j\b\i to keep for future use: 'she \Isaved\j\b\i her money for a holiday'. \Bsaver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that saves; \Bsave\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of saving.
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\Hsave (2)\h
preposition except: 'everyone may leave \Isave\j\b\i you two'.
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\Hsaveloy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1savv\j\b\ia-loy \Pnoun\p a thick frankfurter.
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\Hsaving\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-ving \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which is saved: 'the bargain price means a \Isaving\j\b\i of $100 to him'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any money which has been saved.
\Bsaving\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
rescuing or redeeming.
\Bsaving grace\j\b\i
one good quality which makes up for all the bad ones. \Bsaving\j\b\i, \Ipreposition\j\b\i, except.
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\Hsaviour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1save\j\b\i-yer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who rescues or saves.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) God or Christ.
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\Hsavoir-faire\h
\Isay\j\b\i sav-wa-\CX1fair\j\b\i \Pnoun\p knowledge of how to act correctly or tactfully in any situation. French \Isavoir\j\b\i to know + \Ifaire\j\b\i to do
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\Hsavour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\ivor \Pnoun\p savor taste, smell or flavour.
\Bsavour\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give a savour to: 'the chillies \Isavoured\j\b\i the whole dish'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to enjoy, especially the taste or flavour of something: 'he \Isavoured\j\b\i the spicy cheese'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your behaviour \Isavours\j\b\i of rudeness' (= suggests, smacks). Latin \Isapor\j\b\i flavour
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\Hsavoury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\iva-ree \Pnoun\p savory any small tasty food, such as an appetiser or, especially, a course at the beginning or end of a meal.
\Bsavoury\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having an appetising taste or smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i sharp or spiced, not sweet: 'a \Isavoury\j\b\i biscuit'. \Bsavouriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsavvy\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to understand. \Bsavvy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, understanding or common sense. from Spanish \Isabe\j\b\i to know
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\Hsaw (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a tool with a sharp-toothed blade for cutting, usually by pulling it back and forth across a surface.
\Bsaw\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsawed\j\b\i, \Bsawn\j\b\i or \Bsawed\j\b\i, \Bsawing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to use or cut with a saw.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move as though using a saw: 'he \Isawed\j\b\i the air with his hands'.
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\Hsaw (2)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsee (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsaw (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a saying such as a proverb or a maxim.
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\Hsawbones\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a surgeon.
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\Hsawdust\h
\Pnoun\p the fine powder or shavings produced by cutting or sawing wood.
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\Hsawfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of shark-like rays with a large, ridged snout resembling a saw.
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\Hsawmill\h
\Pnoun\p a place where logs are cut into boards, etc.
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\Hsawn\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsaw (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsawyer\h
\Pnoun\p a person whose occupation is sawing wood.
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\Hsaxhorn\h
\Pnoun\p a brass musical instrument similar to a cornet.
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\Hsaxophone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sak\j\b\isa-fone \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i any of a family of wind instruments with a single reed and a metal body. \Bsaxophonist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sak-\CX1soff\j\b\ia-nist), \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IA. Sax\j\b\i, 1814-94, its Belgian inventor
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\Hsay\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsaid\j\b\i, \Bsaying\j\b\i)
to speak or express in words.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I can't \Isay\j\b\i who is right or wrong' (= state with certainty).
b) 'I'll meet you at, \Isay\j\b\i, 6 o'clock' (= possibly, approximately).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo without saying\j\b\i, 'it \Igoes without saying\j\b\i that you are absolutely correct' (= is obvious).
\Bthat is to say\j\b\i, 'in four days time, \Ithat is to say\j\b\i next Saturday' (= in other words).
\Bsay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i what a person has to say: 'have you finished your \Isay\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the right to take part in decisions, etc.: 'a \Isay\j\b\i in the running of the country'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'be quiet, it's my \Isay\j\b\i now' (= turn to speak).
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\Hsaying\h
\Pnoun\p something said, usually a short, well-known phrase or sentence expressing a truth, etc.
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\Hsay-so\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) command or authority: 'on whose \Isay-so\j\b\i are you acting?'.
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\Hscab\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the crust that forms over a wound or sore as it heals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a strike-breaker. \Bscab\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bscabby\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bscabbiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscabbard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skabb\j\b\iud \Pnoun\p a sheath or cover for the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., usually worn on the belt.
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\Hscabies\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\i-beez \Pnoun\p an infectious skin disease caused by mites burrowing into the skin.
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\Hscaffold\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a raised platform on which criminals are executed.
\CX12.\j\b\i any raised framework, such as scaffolding.
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\Hscaffolding\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skaff\j\b\iel-ding \Pnoun\p a temporary platform of pipes, posts and boards, used especially when constructing, cleaning or repairing a building.
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\Hscalar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\ilar \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity having magnitude, but not direction. Compare \Jvector\j\b\i. \Bscalar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscald\h
\Isay\j\b\i skawld \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to burn or hurt with hot liquid or steam.
\CX12.\j\b\i to heat to just below boiling point.
\Bscald\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a burn caused by hot liquid, steam, etc.
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\Hscale (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any of the thin, flat pieces forming the skin covering of certain animals, such as fish, snakes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small, flat flake or piece, e.g. on a plant.
\Bscale\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to remove the scales from: 'she caught and \Iscaled\j\b\i the fish'. b) to come off in flakes or scales: 'the paint \Iscaled\j\b\i from the wall'. \Bscaly\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\i-lee), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bscaliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscale (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a balance or device for weighing. b) a pan or dish on a balance.
\Btip, turn the scales\j\b\i, 'the arrival of reinforcements \Itipped the scales\j\b\i in our favour' (= influenced events).
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\Hscale (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sequence of points at regular intervals used for measuring, as on a thermometer.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a succession of notes ascending or descending according to fixed intervals, especially such a series beginning on a particular note.
\CX13.\j\b\i any arrangement in steps or degrees: a) 'the decimal \Iscale\j\b\i'; b) 'a wage \Iscale\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the relative or proportional size or standard of something: a) 'what \Iscale\j\b\i is this map?'; b) 'their house is on a modest \Iscale\j\b\i'.
\Bscale\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to climb up or over something.
\CX12.\j\b\i to vary in amount according to a fixed scale: 'we must \Iscale\j\b\i down our expenses'. \Bscalable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscalene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\i-leen \Padjective\p (of a triangle) having three unequal sides.
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\Hscallion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skal\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p an onion, such as a spring onion, which does not develop an enlarged bulb.
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\Hscallop\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skoll\j\b\iop \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bscollop\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an edible shellfish consisting of twin shells with ribbed edges held by a muscle.
\CX12.\j\b\i this shell or a small pan, used for cooking and serving food.
\CX13.\j\b\i a wavy edge, e.g. on pastry, fabric or a garment. \Bscallop\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscallywag\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a naughty or mischievous young person.
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\Hscalp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the skin covering the human cranium, usually hair-covered.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) this covering used as a token of victory. b) any token of victory.
\Bscalp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut the scalp from.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to sell tickets to a very popular show or event at a large profit. \Bscalper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscalpel\h
\Pnoun\p a small, light knife used in surgical operations and dissections. Latin \Iscalpellum\j\b\i little chisel
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\Hscaly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p See \Jscale (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hscam\h
\Pnoun\p a scheme where money is obtained by underhand and illegal methods.
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\Hscamp\h
\Pnoun\p a mischievous or idle person.
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\Hscamper\h
\Pverb\p to run or move lightly and quickly. \Bscamper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscampi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skam\j\b\i-pee plural \Pnoun\p large prawns, usually fried in batter or breadcrumbs. Italian
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\Hscan\h
\Pverb\p (\Bscanned\j\b\i, \Bscanning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to examine closely: 'he \Iscanned\j\b\i her face for a sign of feeling'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sweep broadly across: 'the radio telescope \Iscanned\j\b\i the skies'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I only \Iscanned\j\b\i the newspaper this morning' (= glanced at).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i to analyse the metre of lines.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of optical character recognition) to move a light-sensitive device across a page bearing text or graphics so that they may converted to data and stored by a computer. \Bscan\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bscanner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that scans; b) See \Joptical scanner\j\b\i.
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\Hscandal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skan\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a shameful or disgraceful action or situation: 'it is a \Iscandal\j\b\i that the innocent person was imprisoned'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sensational or malicious gossip: 'have you heard the \Iscandal\j\b\i about how she was a spy for the enemy?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person whose conduct brings disgrace: 'you are a \Iscandal\j\b\i to the profession'. \Bscandalise\j\b\i, \Bscandalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shock; \Bscandalmonger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who spreads scandal. Greek \Iskandalon\j\b\i a stumbling-block
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\Hscandalous\h
\Padjective\p causing or full of scandal: 'it is a \Iscandalous\j\b\i rumour, and not based on truth'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his behaviour is \Iscandalous\j\b\i' (= shocking, disgraceful). \Bscandalously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscandium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 21, a rare metal. See \Jtransition\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i.
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\Hscansion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skan\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i the analysis of the metre of lines.
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\Hscant\h
\Padjective\p very little or barely enough: 'she paid \Iscant\j\b\i attention to my advice'.
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\Hscanty\h
\Padjective\p scant or inadequate: 'the poor rain meant only a \Iscanty\j\b\i harvest'. \Bscantily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscantiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscapegoat\h
\Pnoun\p a person blamed or punished for things others have done. after the ancient Jewish practice of symbolically placing the people's sins onto a goat which was then driven away into the wilderness
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\Hscapula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skap\j\b\i-yoo-la \Pnoun\p also called a \Bshoulder-blade\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two large triangular bones behind the shoulder. \Bscapular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscar (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a mark left by a healed cut or wound, e.g. on the human skin or on a plant where a leaf was once attached.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'your gossip left a \Iscar\j\b\i on my reputation' (= blemish).
\Bscar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bscarred\j\b\i, \Bscarring\j\b\i)
to mark with a scar or scars: 'the bombs \Iscarred\j\b\i the countryside with giant craters'.
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\Hscar (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a steep rocky place or cliff.
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\Hscarab\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skarr\j\b\iab \Pnoun\p a) a type of beetle considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. b) an image or carving in the shape of a scarab.
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\Hscarce\h
\Isay\j\b\i skairce \Padjective\p in short supply: 'tomatoes were \Iscarce\j\b\i during the floods'.
\Bmake oneself scarce\j\b\i, to leave or keep out of the way.
\Bscarcely\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
barely or hardly: 'there were \Iscarcely\j\b\i 25 people at the meeting'.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skay\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\iing \Padjective\p severely critical or scornful: 'a \Iscathing\j\b\i review of a bad film'. \Bscathingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscatology\h
\Isay\j\b\i ska-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the continual use in literature of images of human waste, etc. \Bscatological\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bscat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, faeces. Greek \Iskatos\j\b\i of dung + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hscatter\h
\Pverb\p to send, move or distribute in many different directions: a) 'we \Iscattered\j\b\i the seed on the ploughed land'; b) 'the crowd \Iscattered\j\b\i when it heard the sirens'. \Bscattering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a scattered number or quantity.
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\Hscatterbrain\h
\Pnoun\p a person who cannot remember or concentrate on things. \Bscatterbrained\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscatter diagram\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a graph which compares two variables, such as the health and wealth of a population. The distribution of the resultant coordinate points shows the degree of correlation between the variables.
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\Hscatty\h
\Padjective\p scatterbrained or silly.
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\Hscavenger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skavv\j\b\iinja \Pnoun\p any person or thing that searches for or lives on decaying or discarded material. \Bscavenge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to search for or amongst, especially for discarded matter which may be used, etc.
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\Hscenario\h
\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1ar\j\b\iio \Pnoun\p a detailed outline of the plot of a play, film, ballet or opera. \Bscenarist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ina-rist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a writer of scenarios. Italian
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\Hscene\h
\Isay\j\b\i seen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place or area where action occurs: 'the \Iscene\j\b\i of the crime'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this painting is a \Iscene\j\b\i of Paris' (= view).
b) 'there was a terrible \Iscene\j\b\i when I came home late' (= incident, outburst).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the music \Iscene\j\b\i is always changing' (= world, sphere of influence).
\CX12.\j\b\i a minor division of an act in a play, etc., usually with a fixed setting.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbehind the scenes\j\b\i, privately or secretly.
\Bon the scene\j\b\i, 'were you \Ion the scene\j\b\i at the time?' (= present). \Bscene\j\b\i came into English from Latin \Iscena\j\b\i, which was derived from the Greek \IskenΘ\j\b\i. It originally referred to a tent or a booth. Plays were presented in such enclosures and the word \IskenΘ\j\b\i came to mean a backdrop for a play.
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\Hscenery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ina-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the natural features of a landscape: 'impressive mountain \Iscenery\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the structures and props used to decorate a stage during a play, film, etc.
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\Hscenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\inik \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or having beautiful or impressive scenery. \Bscenically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscenic railway\h
See \Jroller-coaster\j\b\i.
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\Hscent\h
\Isay\j\b\i sent \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a perfume.
\CX12.\j\b\i a smell that is left in passing, such as one that can be followed by an animal.
\CX13.\j\b\i the sense of smell: 'dogs hunt by \Iscent\j\b\i'.
\Bscent\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to detect by or as if by smelling: a) 'the dogs \Iscented\j\b\i a rabbit'; b) 'to \Iscent\j\b\i trouble'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make fragrant with scent: 'the flowers \Iscented\j\b\i the whole house'.
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\Hsceptic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skep\j\b\itik \Pnoun\p in America spelt \Bskeptic\j\b\i
a person who doubts the truth of a claim, theory or belief.
\Bsceptical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
unwilling to believe without questioning or doubting. \Bsceptically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscepticism\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skep\j\b\iti-sizm), \Inoun\j\b\i, an attitude of doubt or disbelief. Greek \Iskeptikos\j\b\i thoughtful
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\Hsceptre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sep\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p scepter a rod, often highly decorated, carried by a ruler as a symbol of power.
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\Hschedule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shed\j\b\i-yool \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sked\j\b\i-yool \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a timetable of events, duties, appointments, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a written list or table of classifications, etc.: 'a \Ischedule\j\b\i of poisons'.
\Bschedule\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to arrange or put in a schedule: 'you are \Ischeduled\j\b\i to give a speech after the dinner'.
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\Hschema\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skee\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p plural is \Bschemata\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skee\j\b\ima-ta)
a diagram, plan, chart or scheme. \Bschematic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i skee-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bschematically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hschematise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skee\j\b\ima-tize \Pverb\p schematize to arrange or organise according to a plan or scheme.
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\Hscheme\h
\Isay\j\b\i skeem \Pnoun\p any plan designed to accomplish something.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a colour \Ischeme\j\b\i' (= system, arrangement).
\Bscheme\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to plan or plot, especially dishonestly. \Bschemer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who schemes. Greek \Iskhema\j\b\i form
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\Hscherzo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skert\j\b\i-so \Ior\j\b\i \CX1skairt\j\b\i-so \Pnoun\p a lively, very rhythmic piece of music, often the second or third movement of a sonata or symphony. Italian, sport or jest
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\Hschism\h
\Isay\j\b\i skizm \Ior\j\b\i sizm \Pnoun\p the splitting of a group or organisation into opposing parties. \Bschismatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i skiz-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or guilty of schism; \Bschismatic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supports schism or any breakaway group. Greek \Iskhisma\j\b\i a cleft
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\Hschist\h
\Isay\j\b\i shist \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a medium-grained metamorphic rock, often with a glistening appearance, which splits unevenly into flaky sheets. Greek \Iskhistos\j\b\i split
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\Hschizo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skit\j\b\i-so \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal, use is derogatory\j\b\i) a schizophrenic. \Bschizo\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hschizoid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skit\j\b\i-soyd \Padjective\p resembling or tending towards schizophrenia. \Bschizoid\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a schizoid person.
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\Hschizophrenia\h
\Isay\j\b\i skitso-\CX1free\j\b\inia \Pnoun\p any of a wide group of psychoses characterised by the inability to act or think realistically, sometimes marked by delusions and the withdrawal into a private world. \Bschizophrenic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person suffering from schizophrenia; \Bschizophrenic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iskhizein\j\b\i to split + \Iphren\j\b\i mind
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\Hschmaltz\h
\Isay\j\b\i shmolts \Pnoun\p schmalz (\Iinformal\j\b\i) excessive sentimentality, especially in art, music, etc. \Bschmaltzy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscholar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skoll\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a) a person specialising in a field of study. b) a pupil or student, especially one who has won an award.
\Bscholarly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or like a scholar.
\CX12.\j\b\i showing knowledge or careful study: 'a \Ischolarly\j\b\i text'. \Bscholarliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscholarship\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skoll\j\b\ia-ship \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sum of money given so that a student may continue his or her studies.
\CX12.\j\b\i knowledge or skill gained by advanced study: 'the professor was a woman of great \Ischolarship\j\b\i'.
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\Hscholastic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sko-\CX1lass\j\b\i-tik \Padjective\p of schools or learning: 'what is your \Ischolastic\j\b\i record?'. \Bscholastic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a scholarly or pedantic person; \Bscholasticism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hschool (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i skool \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an institution for training or instruction, especially one for children.
\CX12.\j\b\i the body of people attending such an institution.
\CX13.\j\b\i any regular course of lessons or meetings for instructions.
\CX15.\j\b\i a group of people who have a common style or method: 'the Heidelberg \Ischool\j\b\i of painters'.
\Bschool\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to train or instruct: 'I'll \Ischool\j\b\i you in the art of singing'. Greek \IskholΘ\j\b\i leisure, disputation, school
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\Hschool (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large group of fish swimming together.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group meeting occasionally, or by intention, for drinking or gambling.
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\Hschooner\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skoo\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship with two or more masts, all fore-and-aft rigged.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a measure of beer which varies in size between States.
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\Hsciatica\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1att\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p a pain in the area of the hip and thigh, sometimes due to pressure on a nerve. \Bsciatic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscience\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a particular body of knowledge obtained by systematic observation and testing. b) the systematic study or methods used.
\CX12.\j\b\i a branch of knowledge or study, such as chemistry or botany, concerned with the investigation of natural or physical substances, facts, laws, etc. \Bscientist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person skilled or trained in science. Latin \Isciens\j\b\i knowing
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\Hscience fiction\h
short forms are \BSF, sci-fi\j\b\i
any fiction, often set in the future, that uses scientific facts or theories in an imaginative way.
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\Hscientific\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-en-\CX1tiff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to science: '\Iscientific\j\b\i instruments'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or according to the principles or methods of science: 'a \Iscientfic\j\b\i mind'. \Bscientifically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscimitar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\ii-ta \Pnoun\p a sword with a curved blade and one cutting edge, formerly used by Turkish and Persian soldiers.
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\Hscintillating\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\iti-lay-ting \Padjective\p a) sparkling or flashing. b) witty. \Bscintillate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bscintillation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bscintilla\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1till\j\b\ia), \Inoun\j\b\i, a spark or trace.
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\Hscion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a young member of a family.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shoot of a plant with one or more buds, especially one used for grafting.
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\Hscissors\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sizz\j\b\iers plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument consisting of two sharp blades with handles, joined at the centre so that they may open and close for cutting.
\CX12.\j\b\i any position or movement which resembles the opening and closing of scissors.
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\Hsclerophyll\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sklerr\j\b\ia-fil \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i having hard leaves which make the plant drought resistant.
\Isay\j\b\i skle-\CX1ro\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Bscleroses\j\b\i
a hardening or thickening of a tissue. Greek \Iskleroun\j\b\i to harden + \B-osis\j\b\i
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\Hscoff (1)\h
\Pverb\p to deride or treat with contempt: 'he \Iscoffed\j\b\i at my fears'. \Bscoff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a jeer; \Bscoffer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who scoffs; \Bscoffingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscoff (2)\h
\Pverb\p to eat greedily and quickly.
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\Hscold\h
\Pverb\p to criticise or find fault angrily. \Bscold\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who scolds; \Bscoldingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscollop\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jscallop\j\b\i.
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\Hscone\h
\Isay\j\b\i skon \Pnoun\p a light dough leavened with soda or baking powder baked in small pieces in a very hot oven or on a griddle.
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\Hscoop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a utensil with a shovel or cup-like holder at one end for lifting loose substances such as sugar.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an important news item which a reporter or publisher obtains before anyone else.
\Bscoop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to lift with or as though with a scoop: a) '\Iscoop\j\b\i the coal on to the fire'; b) 'he \Iscooped\j\b\i the papers up in his arms'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to obtain a newspaper scoop.
\Bscoop the pool\j\b\i, to win or obtain everything.
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\Hscoot\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to move very quickly. b) to run away.
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\Hscooter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a two-wheeled vehicle, used by children, with a flat board to stand on and an upright support for a handlebar.
\CX12.\j\b\i a motor scooter. \Bscooter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use or go on a scooter.
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\Hscope\h
\Pnoun\p the space which something exists within, covers or is limited to: 'he has a wide \Iscope\j\b\i of knowledge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is little \Iscope\j\b\i for promotion in that job' (= opportunity). Greek \Iskopos\j\b\i a target
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\Hscorch\h
\Pverb\p to burn slightly: 'I've \Iscorched\j\b\i my shirt with the iron'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we \Iscorched\j\b\i along at 200 km an hour' (= raced, sped). \Bscorch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a slight burn; \Bscorcher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that scorches, b) (informal) a very hot day; \Bscorchingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscorched earth\h
the process of destroying things which could be useful to an invading army, e.g. by burning crops.
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\Hscore\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the points won by a player or team.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'settle your mind on that \Iscore\j\b\i' (= account, matter).
\CX12.\j\b\i a line or scratch.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'add up the bill and I'll pay the \Iscore\j\b\i' (= total).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) any written music, especially for a group, showing the parts for each musician printed one under the other. b) the background music of a film, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a group of twenty: '\Ifourscore\j\b\i years and ten' (= eighty, and a total of ninety).
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) very many: '\Iscores\j\b\i of lives were lost'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the state of progress: 'what's the \Iscore\j\b\i on the new space programme?'.
\Bscore\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to win points in a game. b) to keep a record of points won. c) to be worth in points: 'red aces \Iscore\j\b\i twenty'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'mother \Iscored\j\b\i a great success with her poetry' (= gained).
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark or cut with lines, notches or scratches: 'the lashes of the whip \Iscored\j\b\i the slave's back'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to arrange music for an orchestra or other group.
\Bscore off\j\b\i, 'you couldn't resist the opportunity to \Iscore off\j\b\i her' (= gain an advantage over). \Bscorer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscoria\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skaw\j\b\iria \Pnoun\p a very porous, dark rock formed from fragments of lava that have been blown out of a volcano and quickly cooled.
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\Hscorn\h
\Pnoun\p extreme lack of respect.
\Bscorn\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to feel or show scorn for: 'she \Iscorns\j\b\i all politicians'. b) to reject with scorn: 'I \Iscorned\j\b\i his offer to help'.
\Bscornful\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
full of scorn: 'I'm \Iscornful\j\b\i of your offer to help'. \Bscornfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\HScorpio\h
\Pnoun\p also called \BScorpius\j\b\i or the \BScorpion\j\b\i
a group of stars, the eighth sign of the zodiac.
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\Hscorpion\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an arachnid, usually found in warm climates, having a long, narrow tail with a poison gland.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) Scorpio. from Greek
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\Hscotch (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) to maim or cripple. b) to cut or gash.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'll have to \Iscotch\j\b\i that rumour' (= put an end to).
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\HScotch (2)\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \BScotch whisky\j\b\i
a whisky distilled in Scotland from barley and malt. \BScotch\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, See \Jscot\j\b\i.
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\Hscot-free\h
\Padjective\p completely free from any penalty or harm. from an old word, \Iscot\j\b\i, tax or payment
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\Hscoundrel\h
\Pnoun\p a wicked or dishonourable person.
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\Hscour (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i power \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to clean or polish by hard rubbing: '\Iscour\j\b\i the saucepans'. b) to remove dirt, grease, etc.: 'to \Iscour\j\b\i wool'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the storm \Iscoured\j\b\i a gully in the hillside' (= cleared out).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of cattle, etc.) to have diarrhoea. \Bscour\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of scouring; \Bscourer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that scours, especially a pad for cleaning saucepans, etc.
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\Hscour (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i power \Pverb\p to search thoroughly and energetically: 'she \Iscoured\j\b\i the city looking for work'.
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\Hscourge\h
\Isay\j\b\i skerj \Pnoun\p a whip used for punishment.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'war is a \Iscourge\j\b\i of civilisation' (= affliction, source of suffering). \Bscourge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to whip, b) to cause suffering to.
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\Hscout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person sent out to gain information.
\CX12.\j\b\i a member of the Scout Association.
\Bgood scout\j\b\i, a good person.
\Bscout\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to act as a scout.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iscout\j\b\i around for some coffee' (= hunt).
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\Hscowl\h
\Pnoun\p an angry or bad-tempered facial expression. \Bscowl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to have or make a scowl; \Bscowlingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscrabble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to scrape or claw at.
\CX12.\j\b\i to struggle to possess or obtain.
\Bscrabble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a scramble or scratching.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a word game for 2 to 4 players.
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\Hscrag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a skinny person or animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i the butcher's name for the thin part of the neck, especially in mutton. \Bscraggy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, thin and bony.
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\Hscraggly\h
\Padjective\p irregular or ragged.
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\Hscraggy\h
\Padjective\p thin or bony.
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\Hscram\h
interjection (\Iinformal\j\b\i) go away!
\Bscram\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a rapid emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor.
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\Hscramble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move, crawl or climb hurriedly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'children \Iscrambled\j\b\i for the spilt sweets' (= struggled, scuffled).
\CX12.\j\b\i to cook gently, especially eggs beaten with milk and butter.
\CX13.\j\b\i mix or put together confusedly.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i to send a jumbled signal which can only be translated by a special receiver.
\Bscramble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a confused or wild struggle, scuffle, etc.: 'there was a violent \Iscramble\j\b\i to get the last two seats'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a motorcycle race over rough ground. \Bscrambler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a device for scrambling radio-telephone messages.
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\Hscrap (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small piece or fragment, especially a remnant.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything useless or unwanted.
\CX13.\j\b\i scrap metal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she refuses to eat \Iscraps\j\b\i' (= leftover food).
\Bscrap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bscrapped\j\b\i, \Bscrapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to discard as useless or unwanted: 'let's \Iscrap\j\b\i that idea and start again'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make into scrap.
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\Hscrap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fight or argument.
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\Hscrapbook\h
\Pnoun\p a book with blank pages in which press-cuttings, pictures, etc. are pasted.
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\Hscrape\h
\Pverb\p to rub or scratch, especially in order to remove an outer layer: 'do not peel or \Iscrape\j\b\i the potatoes before cooking'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bscrape through\j\b\i, 'Peter \Iscraped through\j\b\i his exams' (= only just succeeded in).
\Bscrape together\j\b\i, \Bscrape up\j\b\i, 'I managed to \Iscrape together\j\b\i some money for a ticket' (= collect with difficulty).
\Bscrape\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of scraping. b) a sound or mark made by scraping.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a fight. b) a difficult or embarrassing situation. \Bscraper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which scrapes, especially a device used for this purpose; \Bscraping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or sound of rubbing or scratching, b) (plural) any pieces or parts which are scraped.
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\Hscraperboard\h
\Pnoun\p a method of line-drawing by scraping away parts of the blackened surface of a prepared board.
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\Hscrap metal\h
any pieces of metal which can be used or processed again.
#
\Hscrappy\h
\Padjective\p like or made up of scraps or fragments.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the plumber did a very \Iscrappy\j\b\i job fixing the pipes' (= careless). \Bscrappily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscratch\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to mark, cut or tear with something sharp or rough: 'be careful those thorns don't \Iscratch\j\b\i you'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rub with a grating sound or effect, e.g. with the fingernails to relieve itching.
\CX13.\j\b\i to erase or cross off: 'your name has been \Iscratched\j\b\i from our records'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'several horses have been \Iscratched\j\b\i from the race' (= withdrawn).
\Bscratch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of scratching: 'the dog had a vigorous \Iscratch\j\b\i at its fleas'. b) a mark left by scratching: 'the cat caused this nasty \Iscratch\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a score, time or starting position to which no handicap has been added or subtracted.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bfrom scratch\j\b\i, 'tell me your story again \Ifrom scratch\j\b\i' (= from the beginning).
\Bscratch the surface\j\b\i, 'this new book on the Roman Empire only \Iscratches the surface\j\b\i of such a big subject' (= covers superficially).
\Bup to scratch\j\b\i, 'her playing has not been \Iup to scratch\j\b\i because of her injury' (= at a good enough standard).
\Bscratch\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i chosen at random: 'a \Iscratch\j\b\i search-party assembled at once'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i without a handicap in a competition or race. \Bscratcher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that scratches; \Bscratching\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a competitor withdrawn from a race; \Bscratchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) making a scratching noise or movement, b) uneven or disorganised; \Bscratchily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i;
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\Hscrawl\h
\Pverb\p to write hastily or carelessly. \Bscrawl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bscrawly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscrawny\h
\Padjective\p thin or bony. \Bscrawniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscream\h
\Pverb\p to make a loud, sharp or violent cry or sound: 'the child \Iscreamed\j\b\i in pain'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'bright colours would \Iscream\j\b\i in such a small room' (= be very conspicuous).
\Bscream\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a loud, piercing sound or cry.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that is very funny.
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\Hscree\h
\Pnoun\p a wide expanse of small stones piled up on a mountain slope, which slide away underfoot.
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\Hscreech\h
\Pverb\p to make a harsh, shrill cry or sound. \Bscreech\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bscreechy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscreed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long speech or piece of writing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i a) a strip of wood or plaster used for levelling concrete or plaster on a surface. b) a finishing layer of plaster or concrete.
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\Hscreen\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which divides, protects or shelters, especially any of various covered frames, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a smooth surface on which slides, films, etc. may be projected.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) films or the profession of acting in films: 'Humphrey Bogart was a star of the \Iscreen\j\b\i for many years'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the fluorescent end of the picture tube in a television set, where electric currents are changed into pictures.
\CX15.\j\b\i See \Jvisual display unit\j\b\i.
\Bscreen\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to hide, protect or shelter: 'clouds \Iscreened\j\b\i the sun from our sight'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'all applicants for the job were \Iscreened\j\b\i by the committee' (= checked closely).
\CX12.\j\b\i to show on a screen: 'the society is \Iscreening\j\b\i a travel film tonight'.
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\Hscreen dump\h
also called \Bscreen copy\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a copy of the information appearing on the screen at one time, which can then be saved in the memory or expressed as output, e.g. in the form of a printed page.
#
\Hscreenplay\h
\Pnoun\p a detailed script of a film, usually including technical descriptions such as camera positions, etc.
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\Hscreen printing\h
a method of printing by squeezing ink through a stretched fabric screen, prepared by blocking off non-printing areas with a stencil.
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\Hscreen saver\h
a program that displays moving graphics and is designed to prevent the damage to the monitor which results from showing the same images on the screen for too long a duration.
#
\Hscrew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal pin with a slotted or recessed head and a spiral thread used to fasten wood, metal, etc. together.
\CX12.\j\b\i the twisting or turning movement of or like a screw: 'give that lid another \Iscrew\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something twisted in such a way: 'a \Iscrew\j\b\i of paper'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a propeller.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) salary or wages. b) sexual intercourse. c) a prison warder.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave a screw loose\j\b\i, to be mad or eccentric.
\Bput the screws on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to use force or pressure, especially in order to persuade.
\Bscrew\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to attach, fasten or tighten by means of a screw: '\Iscrew\j\b\i down the lid of the box'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to twist into position: '\Iscrew\j\b\i the cap on the jar'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Iscrewed\j\b\i her face into a grimace of pain' (= contorted).
b) 'he \Iscrewed\j\b\i up the letter and threw it away' (= pressed and twisted into a ball).
c) 'he \Iscrewed\j\b\i up his courage and asked for a holiday' (= gathered, forced).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to have sexual intercourse.
\Bscrew up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to make a mess of.
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\Hscrewball\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an eccentric person. \Bscrewball\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscrewdriver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tool with a narrow, shaped end which fits into the slot in the head of a screw to drive it into or withdraw it from a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i an alcoholic drink made with vodka and orange juice.
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\Hscrewy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) mad or peculiar.
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\Hscribble\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to write or draw carelessly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make meaningless marks or lines. \Bscribble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any careless handwriting or written work. Latin \Iscribere\j\b\i to write
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\Hscribe (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a) a person employed to make copies of manuscripts, etc. b) a teacher of Jewish laws or keeper of Jewish records. \Bscribal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hscribe (2)\h
\Pverb\p to mark or score something with a pointed instrument. \Bscribe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a pointed instrument for marking things.
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\Hscrimmage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skrimm\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a rough or disorganised struggle. \Bscrimmage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscrimp\h
\Pverb\p to skimp or be frugal: 'she \Iscrimps\j\b\i on clothes so that she can feed her family'. \Bscrimpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, scarce or skimpy; \Bscrimpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscrimshaw\h
\Pnoun\p the craft of carving on bone.
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\Hscrip\h
\Pnoun\p a provisional document entitling the holder to a share in the stock of a business company.
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\Hscript\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i handwriting: 'she has a clear, legible \Iscript\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a manuscript.
\CX13.\j\b\i a copy of the text of a play, film, etc. used by an actor or director, e.g. for rehearsing.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a medical prescription.
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\Hscripture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skrip\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p (\Iusually capital, plural\j\b\i) any sacred writing or book regarded as a religious authority, such as the Christian Bible. \Bscriptural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or according to scriptures; \Bscripturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iscriptus\j\b\i written
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\Hscrivener\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skriv\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p an old word for a clerk or public writer.
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\Hscrofula\h
\Pnoun\p tuberculosis of the lymph glands, especially of the neck. \Bscrofulous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, disease-ridden, or morally debased.
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\Hscroll\h
\Isay\j\b\i skrole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a roll of paper, especially parchment, used for writing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has a coiled or partly rolled form, such as decoration on a column, etc.
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\Hscroll\h
\Pverb\p \IComputers:\j\b\i to move through the visual display presentation on screen.
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\Hscroll bar\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i (of software) a vertical or horizontal bar appearing in many programs which can be used with a mouse for moving around within a document.
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\Hscrooge\h
\Isay\j\b\i skrooj \Pnoun\p a miserly or mean person. after \IEbenezer Scrooge\j\b\i, a miserly old man in Charles Dickens' 'Christmas Carol'
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\Hscrotum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skro\j\b\i-tum \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the sac in males which hangs between the legs and contains the testes.
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\Hscrounge\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to beg, borrow or gather, especially by wheedling. \Bscrounger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who scrounges.
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\Hscrub (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bscrubbed\j\b\i, \Bscrubbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to rub vigorously in order to clean.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to remove or cancel: 'he was \Iscrubbed\j\b\i from the team'. \Bscrub\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscrub (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an area covered with low trees or bushes.
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\Hscrubber (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that scrubs.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a promiscuous girl.
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\Hscrubber (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a cow or sheep that has gone into the bush and run wild.
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\Hscrubby\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i covered with scrub or undergrowth.
\CX12.\j\b\i inferior, shabby or wretched. \Bscrubbiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscruff\h
\Pnoun\p the back of the neck.
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\Hscruffy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) untidy or dirty. \Bscruffily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscruffiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscrum\h
\Pnoun\p \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Rugby) a) a stage in the game at which the opposing forwards pack down and push against one another. b) the players who take part in the scrum.
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\Hscrummage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skrumm\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i a Rugby scrum.
\CX12.\j\b\i a struggle or fight. \Bscrummage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hscrumptious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skrump\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) delicious or splendid.
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\Hscrumpy\h
\Pnoun\p a potent, dry, farm cider that is famous in south-west England. dialect \Iscrump\j\b\i a small apple
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\Hscrunch\h
\Pverb\p to crunch, usually with some noise.
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\Hscruple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skroo\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a hesitation or objection due to conscience or moral principles.
\CX12.\j\b\i a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system, equal to about 1.3 g.
\CX11.\j\b\i having a conscience or moral principles.
\CX12.\j\b\i precise or carefully exact: 'she copied the text with \Iscrupulous\j\b\i care'. \Bscruple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to have scruples; \Bscrupulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscrupulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iscrupulus\j\b\i a rough pebble, an uneasy feeling
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\Hscrutineer\h
\Isay\j\b\i skroota-\CX1neer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who checks that votes have been correctly made and counted in an election.
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\Hscrutinise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skroo\j\b\ita-nize \Pverb\p scrutinize to examine closely or carefully. \Bscrutinisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscrutiny\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscuba\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skoo\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p an aqualung. from \Bs\j\b\i(elf) \Bc\j\b\i(ontained) \Bu\j\b\i(nderwater) \Bb\j\b\i(reathing) \Ba\j\b\i(pparatus)
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\Hscud\h
\Pverb\p (\Bscudded\j\b\i, \Bscudding\j\b\i)
to move or race along swiftly. \Bscud\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscuff\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to scrape or shuffle when walking.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark or wear away by use.
\Bscuff\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of scuffing.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of light, flat slipper-like shoes.
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\Hscuffle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to struggle or fight confusedly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to scamper noisily. \Bscuffle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a confused struggle, b) a scuffling noise.
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\Hscull\h
\Pnoun\p \IRowing:\j\b\i a) a racing boat for one person with a pair of oars. b) either of a pair of oars used by one person. \Bscull\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsculler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscullery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skull\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a small room for kitchen work such as washing up. Latin \Iscutella\j\b\i a salver
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\Hscullion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skull\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p an old word for a kitchen servant. Old French \Iescouillon\j\b\i a dishcloth
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\Hsculpture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skulp\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a) the modelling, carving or constructing of three-dimensional objects. b) any object or objects created in this way. \Bsculpt\j\b\i, \Bsculpture\j\b\i, \Iverbs\j\b\i, to carve or make a sculpture; \Bsculptor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who practises sculpture; \Bsculptress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a female sculptor; \Bsculptural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsculpturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsculpturesque\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the qualities of a sculpture.
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\Hscum\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a layer of impure or waste matter on a liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i something worthless or vile. \Bscum\j\b\i (\Bscummed\j\b\i, \Bscumming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to become covered with scum, b) to remove scum; \Bscummy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) covered with scum, b) worthless.
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\Hscumble\h
\Pnoun\p \IArt:\j\b\i a layer of opaque paint applied so that the colour underneath it is partly visible. \Bscumble\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply scumble to a surface.
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\Hscupper\h
\Pnoun\p an opening in the side of a ship at deck level to let water drain away.
\Bscupper\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to sink a ship deliberately.
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\Hscurf\h
\Isay\j\b\i skerf \Pnoun\p dandruff or any scaly crust formed on a surface. \Bscurfy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
to move or rush quickly. \Bscurry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a rushing noise or movement.
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\Hscurvy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sker\j\b\i-vee \Pnoun\p a disease due to a lack of vitamin C in the diet, causing swollen gums, anaemia and bruising.
\Bscurvy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
mean or contemptible. \Bscurvily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bscurviness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hscuttle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a coalscuttle.
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\Hscuttle (2)\h
\Pverb\p to run or move hurriedly. \Bscuttle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hscuttle (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a small, rectangular opening with a movable cover in a ship's deck or side.
\Bscuttle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to sink one's own ship deliberately.
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\Hscythe\h
\Isay\j\b\i si\Ith\j\b\ie \Pnoun\p a long-handled farm tool with a long, thin, slightly curved blade for reaping grass, etc. Compare \Jsickle\j\b\i. \Bscythe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut with a scythe.
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\Hsea\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) an area of an ocean, often surrounded by land. b) the ocean.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isea\j\b\i of faces was turned towards the stage' (= large expanse or mass).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i any of the smooth, featureless areas on the moon, formerly believed to contain water.
\Bat sea\j\b\i, 'I'm all \Iat sea\j\b\i with maths' (= puzzled, bewildered).
#
\Hsea-anchor\h
\Pnoun\p a device, usually a canvas cone held open at the wider end, trailed behind a ship to slow and steady it.
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\Hsea-anemone\h
\Pnoun\p a non-mobile, marine animal, having a circular body with a ring of tentacles to trap food from the water.
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\Hseabird\h
\Pnoun\p any bird, such as the albatross, which is usually found around the coast or sea.
#
\Hseaboard\h
\Pnoun\p the coastline or land near the sea.
#
\Hsea-cock\h
\Pnoun\p a valve in the hull of a ship used to admit water.
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\Hsea-cow\h
\Pnoun\p a dugong.
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\Hsea-dog\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sailor with many years of experience.
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\Hsea-elephant\h
\Pnoun\p a large seal with a trunk-like nose, found in arctic and antarctic waters.
#
\Hseafarer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-faira \Pnoun\p a sailor or traveller on the sea. \Bseafaring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, travelling by or working at sea.
#
\Hseafront\h
\Pnoun\p any land or road which borders the very edge of the sea.
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\Hseagoing\h
\Padjective\p built for or travelling at sea.
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\Hseagull\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgull (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hseahorse\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small fish with a long tail and a beaked head.
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\Hseal (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a device, such as a stamp or ring, with a raised, engraved mark which is impressed onto wax or a similar surface. b) the impression made, especially as a token attached to a document to indicate authenticity, consent, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any thing or substance which closes, fixes or prevents leakage, exposure, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this product has the company's \Iseal\j\b\i of approval' (= pledge).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bset one's seal to\j\b\i, to approve or confirm.
\Bunder seal\j\b\i, having an official seal.
\Bseal\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fix or close with or as if with a seal: '\Iseal\j\b\i all the envelopes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to close so as to be airtight: '\Iseal\j\b\i the jars of jam after cooling'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the nations \Isealed\j\b\i the cultural agreement' (= confirmed, approved).
b) 'the accident \Isealed\j\b\i her fate' (= fixed firmly).
#
\Hseal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large fish-eating marine mammals with a sleek, furry body.
#
\Hsealant\h
\Pnoun\p any substance, such as liquid or wax, used to seal or protect a surface.
#
\Hsea-legs\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the ability to walk steadily on a ship or not become seasick.
#
\Hsealer (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an undercoat of paint, varnish, etc. used to seal a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or device that attaches or impresses seals onto a surface.
#
\Hsealer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a person or boat taking part in hunting seals.
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\Hsea-level\h
\Pnoun\p the height of the sea, especially when it is halfway between high and low tide.
#
\Hsealing wax\h
a resinous substance, originally of beeswax, melted and used to seal envelopes, packages and documents.
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\Hsea-lion\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large seals with visible ears, found in the Pacific ocean.
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\Hseam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth.
\CX12.\j\b\i any line, ridge, etc., especially one which joins edges.
\CX13.\j\b\i a comparatively thin stratum, such as a coal stratum.
\Bseam\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to join with a seam.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become wrinkled, cracked or lined.
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\Hseaman\h
\Pnoun\p a member of a ship's crew other than an officer.
\Bseamanship\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the theory, practice or skill of handling a ship.
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\Hsea mile\h
a nautical mile, a unit of length equal to about 1.85 km. See \Jmile\j\b\i.
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\Hseamstress\h
\Pnoun\p a woman whose work is sewing.
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\Hseamy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) sordid, wretched or depressing.
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\Hseance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1say\j\b\i-ons \Pnoun\p a meeting to communicate with spirits. French \IsΘance\j\b\i a sitting
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\Hseaplane\h
\Pnoun\p any aeroplane able to take off or land on water, such as an amphibian or a flying boat.
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\Hsear\h
\Isay\j\b\i seer \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to burn or scorch: 'the flames \Iseared\j\b\i her eyebrows'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause to dry up or wither: 'the grass was \Iseared\j\b\i by the summer sun'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to brown and seal the surface of meat by briefly applying very intense heat.
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\Hsearch\h
\Isay\j\b\i serch \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to look carefully or thoroughly in order to find something.
\CX12.\j\b\i to frisk a person or ransack a house when looking for stolen goods, weapons, contraband, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the action of a computer in finding a specific file, document, piece of data, etc.
\Bsearch me\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) I don't know. \Bsearch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of searching or examining; \Bsearching\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, thorough; \Bsearchingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsearchlight\h
\Pnoun\p a very strong electric light with a reflector, mounted so that it can be turned in any direction.
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\Hsearch warrant\h
a written authority issued by a magistrate for the police to search premises where it is suspected that stolen goods, wanted persons, etc. may be found.
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\Hseascape\h
\Pnoun\p a view or picture of the sea.
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\Hseashore\h
\Pnoun\p the land along the sea, especially the ground covered and uncovered by the tide.
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\Hseasick\h
\Padjective\p suffering nausea caused by the movement of a ship at sea. \Bseasickness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseaside\h
\Pnoun\p the land along the seashore, especially towns or suburbs used as resorts.
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\Hseason\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i one of the natural climatic divisions of the year, of which there are four (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in temperate areas.
\CX12.\j\b\i a time of year distinguished by a particular activity, crop, etc.: 'the football \Iseason\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the London \ISeason\j\b\i' (= the high point of social activities).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin season\j\b\i, a) available for eating, etc.; b) at the right time; c) (of animals) on heat.
\Bout of season\j\b\i, a) not available for eating, etc.; b) at the wrong time.
\Bseason\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to improve the flavour of food by adding spices or herbs.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dry, harden and treat timber.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the discussion was \Iseasoned\j\b\i with angry words' (= given life or interest).
b) 'he was now a \Iseasoned\j\b\i soldier of many battles' (= experienced).
c) 'you must \Iseason\j\b\i your recklessness' (= moderate). \Bseasonal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or occurring in a particular season; \Bseasonally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseasonable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, at the suitable or correct time; \Bseasonably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseasonableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseasoning\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seez\j\b\i-ning \Pnoun\p any spices, herbs or flavourings used to season food.
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\Hseason ticket\h
a ticket which may be used for an unlimited number of journeys, performances, etc. over a particular period, bought at a reduced rate.
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\Hseat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something on which one sits, especially a chair, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the buttocks. b) the part of a garment covering the buttocks: 'there's a rip in the \Iseat\j\b\i of your pants'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the base or bottom of anything.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our city is the \Iseat\j\b\i of local government' (= centre, location).
b) 'they spent the summer at their country \Iseat\j\b\i' (= house and estate).
\CX14.\j\b\i a manner of sitting: 'she has a very relaxed \Iseat\j\b\i on a horse'.
\Bseat\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to place in or on a seat: 'please \Iseat\j\b\i yourselves for dinner'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this hall \Iseats\j\b\i 700 people' (= has seats or room for).
b) 'the memory was deeply \Iseated\j\b\i in her mind' (= fixed).
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\Hseat belt\h
also called a \Bsafety\j\b\i \Bbelt\j\b\i
a harness in a car, aircraft, etc. to keep an occupant safely seated in rough conditions, in a crash, etc.
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\Hseating\h
\Pnoun\p the number or arrangement of seats.
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\Hsea-urchin\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of spiny, marine animals with a spherical shape and a shell made up of many calcareous discs.
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\Hsea-wall\h
\Pnoun\p a wall or embankment to prevent the sea eroding the land.
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\Hseaward\h
\Padjective\p situated or facing towards the sea: 'the house has a \Iseaward\j\b\i aspect'. \Bseawards\j\b\i, \Bseaward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, towards the sea from land.
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\Hseaway\h
\Pnoun\p a ship's route or progress at sea.
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\Hseaweed\h
\Pnoun\p any plant growing in salt water.
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\Hseaworthy\h
\Padjective\p (of a ship) strong enough and suitably equipped for going to sea. \Bseaworthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsebaceous glands\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1bay\j\b\i-shus glands \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of numerous small glands in the skin, usually near hair, which secrete oils.
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\Hsebum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-b'm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the oils produced by small glands in the skin.
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\Hsec (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sek \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a second: 'wait a \Isec\j\b\i'.
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\Hsec (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the short form of \Bsecant\j\b\i.
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\Hsecant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-kant \Pnoun\p short form is \Bsec\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the reciprocal of cosine. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any straight line that cuts a curve.
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\Hsecateurs\h
\Isay\j\b\i sekka-\CX1terz\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sekk\j\b\ia-terz plural \Pnoun\p a small pair of shears with short curved, crossed blades for pruning trees, etc. French
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\Hsecede\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p to withdraw officially from a federation, organisation or group. \Bsecession\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of seceding; \Bsecessionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who secedes or favours secession.
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\Hseclude\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1klood\j\b\i \Pverb\p to keep apart from the company of others: 'he \Isecluded\j\b\i himself in a mountain retreat to meditate'.
\Bsecluded\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i living apart from others.
\CX12.\j\b\i protected from view or disturbance. \Bseclusion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kloo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of secluding, b) solitude or retirement.
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\Hsecond (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\i'nd \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being number two in order or a series.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you won't get a \Isecond\j\b\i chance' (= another).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i relating to the performing of a lower-pitched part and sometimes being lesser in rank: 'the \Isecond\j\b\i violin'.
\Bsecond\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the basic SI unit of time. See \Jsi unit\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is second.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person who aids or assists another person: 'a duellist's \Isecond\j\b\i is his representative'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) a) a second helping. b) a second course.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any products which are damaged or marked, offered for sale at a reduced price.
\CX16.\j\b\i a unit of plane angle equal to one 60th part of a minute.
\Bsecond\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to assist or back up.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give support to a suggestion or nomination. \Bsecond\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in second place; \Bsecondly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseconder\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sekk\j\b\ionder), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who seconds a suggestion or nomination.
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\Hsecond (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kond\j\b\i \Pverb\p to transfer a person temporarily to another post, position or responsibility. \Bsecondment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsecondary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sekk\j\b\iun-dree \Padjective\p coming second in time, place, importance, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that's only a matter of \Isecondary\j\b\i importance now' (= minor).
b) 'a historian should avoid relying too much on \Isecondary\j\b\i sources' (= not primary or original). \Bsecondary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is secondary.
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\Hsecondary colour\h
any colour produced by mixing two primary colours, such as orange which is a mixture of red and yellow. Compare \Jtertiary colour\j\b\i.
#
\Hsecondary industry\h
See \Jindustry\j\b\i.
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\Hsecondary school\h
a school for children over the age of about 12 years.
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\Hsecondary sources\h
a) (in research) the texts such as critical essays, journalistic pieces, or sound or film recordings which are used in the discussion or evaluation of a primary source. b) (in historical research) texts that have an indirect and not first-hand relationship to the focus of their attention - for example, if an explorer was the focus of attention, an article written about the explorer or a book which collected entries from his or her diary would be secondary sources. Compare \Jprimary sources\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond childhood\h
feebleness of mind caused by senility.
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\Hsecond cousin\h
See \Jcousin\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond edition\h
See \Jedition\j\b\i.
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\Hseconder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sekk\j\b\i-onder \Pnoun\p See \Jsecond (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond generation\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jgeneration\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond-hand\h
\Isay\j\b\i sek'nd \CX1hand\j\b\i \Padjective\p having been previously owned or used.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the essay was filled with \Isecond-hand\j\b\i ideas' (= not original). \Bsecond-hand\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond-hand\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\i'nd hand \Pnoun\p the hand on a watch or clock that indicates seconds, going around the dial once each minute.
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\Hsecond lieutenant\h
the lowest rank of commissioned officer in the army.
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\Hsecondly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jsecond (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond nature\h
a habit which has been practised for so long that it is firmly fixed in one's character.
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\Hsecond person\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jperson\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond-rate\h
\Padjective\p inferior or only of average quality. \Bsecond-rater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsecond sight\h
clairvoyance.
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\Hsecond string\h
\Bhave a second string to one's bow\j\b\i, to have an alternative course of action ready.
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\Hsecond wind\h
\Bto get one's second wind\j\b\i, to breathe more easily during a running race after a period of laboured breathing.
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\Hsecret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-krit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i kept from the knowledge of others: a) 'the diplomats were conducting \Isecret\j\b\i negotiations'; b) 'a \Isecret\j\b\i society'.
\CX12.\j\b\i secretive.
\Bsecret\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is secret or hidden.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hidden reason or cause: 'the \Isecret\j\b\i of his success is hard work'. \Bsecretly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsecrecy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ikra-see), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being secret or hidden, b) lack of frankness or openness. Latin \Isecretus\j\b\i put apart, separated do not confuse with \Bsecrete\j\b\i.
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\Hsecret agent\h
a spy.
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\Hsecretaire\h
\Isay\j\b\i sekra-\CX1tair\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a writing desk fitted with drawers for papers, books, etc.
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\Hsecretariat\h
\Isay\j\b\i sekra-\CX1tair\j\b\ii-at \Pnoun\p a) the administrative officials of a government or other large organisation, such as the United Nations. b) their offices.
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\Hsecretary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\ira-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i person who writes letters, keeps records, etc. for another person or an organisation.
\CX12.\j\b\i an administrative assistant to a government minister, ambassador, etc. \Bsecretarial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sekra-\CX1tair\j\b\iiul), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsecretaryship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bsecretary\j\b\i is connected with \Isecret\j\b\i. It is derived from Latin \Isecretarius\j\b\i, someone who was in someone else's confidence and shared secrets, \Isecretus\j\b\i being the Latin for 'secret'.
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\Hsecretary bird\h
a long-legged, African bird over 1m long, which eats reptiles.
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\Hsecretary-general\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsecretaries-general\j\b\i
the head of a secretariat.
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\Hsecrete\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kreet \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to produce a secretion.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hide or conceal: 'to \Isecrete\j\b\i one's cigarettes under the mattress'. do not confuse with \Bsecret\j\b\i.
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\Hsecretion\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kree\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the process of passing the products of a cell from inside to outside the cell membrane. b) the products so passed. \Bsecretory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kree\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsecretive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ikra-tiv \Padjective\p inclined to secrecy. \Bsecretively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsecretiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsecretly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jsecret\j\b\i.
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\Hsecret service\h
a secret government organisation whose duties may include spying, counter-spying, code-breaking, subversion in enemy territory, surveillance of dissidents, psychological warfare, etc.
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\Hsect\h
\Pnoun\p a group of persons sharing the same religious beliefs. Compare \Jcult\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i concerned for or relating to the interests of one's own group: '\Isectarian\j\b\i squabbles divided the country into hostile camps'. \Bsectarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of a sect; \Bsectarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsection\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a distinct or separate part or division: a) 'this \Isection\j\b\i of the book is boring'; b) 'a military \Isection\j\b\i is a part of a platoon'; c) 'there are 11 \Isections\j\b\i on our bus route'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cross-section.
\CX13.\j\b\i a very thin slice of tissue for microscopic study.
\Bsectional\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i made of sections.
\CX12.\j\b\i concerned with or interested in one's own area or group, especially to the exclusion of others. \Bsection\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut into sections; \Bsectionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsectionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, sectional interests or bias.
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\Hsector\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the part of a circle between two radii and the included arc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any field or part of a field of activity: 'the business \Isector\j\b\i was antagonised by the Prime Minister's statements'.
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\Hsecular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sek\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) worldly or material rather than spiritual or religious: 'a \Isecular\j\b\i attitude prevails in this age'. b) not relating to or dealing with religion: '\Isecular\j\b\i education'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not living inside monasteries: 'the \Isecular\j\b\i clergy'. \Bsecularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsecularism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the belief that morality, public education or civil policy should not be based on religion; \Bsecularist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsecularise\j\b\i, \Bsecularize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make secular; \Bsecularisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsecure\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kew\j\b\ier \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free from danger or anxiety: a) 'a \Isecure\j\b\i hiding-place'; b) 'to feel \Isecure\j\b\i about one's future'.
\CX12.\j\b\i well fastened or not likely to fall, give way, fail, etc.: 'is that ladder \Isecure\j\b\i?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'our victory in the competition is \Isecure\j\b\i' (= certain, sure).
\Bsecure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make secure.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I have \Isecured\j\b\i good seats for the concert' (= obtained).
b) 'the creditor requires something to \Isecure\j\b\i the loan' (= cover the risk of).
\Bsecurity\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) something which protects or makes safe. b) protective measures taken against theft, spying, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something given as a pledge that a person will fulfil a promise or undertaking.
\CX13.\j\b\i a certificate of ownership, e.g. a bond, stock or share. \Bsecurely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsecureness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ise-\j\b\i apart + \Icura\j\b\i care
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\Hsedan\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1dan\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a motor car with a metal roof, two or four doors, and usually, front and back seats. Also called a \Bsaloon\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vehicle for a person, consisting of an enclosed chair carried on poles by two bearers. Short form of \Bsedan chair\j\b\i.
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\Hsedate\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1date\j\b\i \Padjective\p composed or calm: 'to live a life of \Isedate\j\b\i retirement'.
\Bsedate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to administer a sedative to. \Bsedation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being sedated, b) the act of sedating; \Bsedately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsedateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsedative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sedd\j\b\ia-tiv \Pnoun\p also called a \Bdepressant\j\b\i
\IMedicine:\j\b\i any substance that temporarily decreases the function of part or all of the body and is used to relieve anxiety, pain, etc. Compare \Jstimulant\j\b\i. \Bsedative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a soothing or calming effect.
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\Hsedentary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sedd\j\b\i'n-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) done sitting down: 'writing is a \Isedentary\j\b\i occupation'. b) taking or requiring little exercise: 'to lead a \Isedentary\j\b\i life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i (of animals) moving little or fixed to one spot. \Bsedentariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isedens\j\b\i sitting
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\Hsedge\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of grass-like marsh plants, tufted with solid stems.
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\Hsediment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sedd\j\b\ii-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the material which settles to the bottom of a liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i any mineral or organic matter deposited by wind, ice or water.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i relating to rocks, such as sandstone and limestone, formed of compressed sediment of shells, rock fragments, etc. \Bsedimentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsedition\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act of trying to promote rebellion or revolt against the government. \Bseditious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bseditiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Iseditio\j\b\i a going apart
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\Hseduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1dewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to persuade to have sexual intercourse.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lead into wrongdoing: 'he has \Iseduced\j\b\i me into bad habits'. \Bseduction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of seducing, b) something which seduces; \Bseducer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bseductive\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1duk\j\b\itiv), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) sexually attractive, b) tending to seduce; \Bseductively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseductiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bseductress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsedulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sed\j\b\i-yew-lus \Padjective\p diligent or persevering: 'Tim worked with \Isedulous\j\b\i attention to detail'. \Bsedulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
a) 'she travelled the world to \Isee\j\b\i a bit of life' (= experience).
b) 'do you \Isee\j\b\i the error of your ways now?' (= appreciate, understand).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'please \Isee\j\b\i that you do the job properly' (= make sure).
d) 'I \Isee\j\b\i some things very differently from my parents' (= consider, regard).
e) 'I just can't \Isee\j\b\i him as vice-president of the company' (= imagine).
f) 'my secretary \Isees\j\b\i to that side of the business' (= attends).
g) '\Isee\j\b\i who that is at the door' (= find out).
h) 'I went to \Isee\j\b\i your aunt today' (= visit).
i) 'the manager will \Isee\j\b\i you shortly' (= receive).
j) 'let me \Isee\j\b\i you to the door' (= escort).
k) (\ICards\j\b\i) 'I'll \Isee\j\b\i you' (= look at your hand in poker).
\IPhrases\j\b\i:
\Bsee about\j\b\i, a) to take care of or attend to; b) 'we'll have to \Isee about\j\b\i that request' (= consider, deliberate over).
\Bsee out\j\b\i, 'she's determined to \Isee\j\b\i the job \Iout\j\b\i' (= continue until completion).
\Bsee over\j\b\i, 'I'd like to \Isee over\j\b\i the factory' (= inspect).
\Bsee through\j\b\i, a) 'we \Isaw through\j\b\i your disguise' (= were not deceived by); b) 'I need something to \Isee\j\b\i me \Ithrough\j\b\i this difficult time' (= help, support).
\Bsee you\j\b\i, goodbye.
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\Hsee (2)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jdiocese\j\b\i.
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\Hseed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the mature fruit of a plant containing an embryo ready for germination.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iseeds\j\b\i of revolt lay in the harsh laws' (= beginnings).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) semen or sperm. b) offspring: 'and the \Iseed\j\b\i of Abraham shall be mighty in the land'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a player classified according to skill and distributed in a tournament so as not to meet other skilled players in the early matches.
\Bgo\j\b\i, \Brun to seed\j\b\i, a) to come to the stage of yielding seed; b) to deteriorate.
\Bseed\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to plant seed in the soil.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove the seeds from fruit or plants.
\CX13.\j\b\i to produce or shed seeds.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i to scatter fine particles of material in a cloud to encourage large droplets or ice crystals to form and make rain.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i to classify.
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\Hseedbed\h
\Pnoun\p a small area of soil prepared for the growing of seeds.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this place is a \Iseedbed\j\b\i of rebels and anarchists' (= source, place of origin).
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\Hseed drill\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a machine which sows seeds in rows and covers them over.
\CX12.\j\b\i a furrow in which seeds are planted.
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\Hseeder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine which plants seeds.
\CX12.\j\b\i a machine which removes seeds from fruit, etc.
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\Hseed leaf\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jcotyledon\j\b\i.
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\Hseedling\h
\Pnoun\p a young plant.
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\Hseed pearl\h
a very small pearl, less than [***1/4] grain in weight.
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\Hseedy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) full of seed. b) gone to seed.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) shabbily disreputable. b) physically unwell. \Bseedily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseediness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseeing\h
conjunction considering or in view of the fact: '\Iseeing\j\b\i that he is two hours late, we should not expect him this evening.
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\Hseek\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsought\j\b\i, \Bseeking\j\b\i)
to try to find or obtain: a) 'he \Isought\j\b\i his fortune in the city'; b) 'I shall \Iseek\j\b\i to persuade the voters to support me'.
\Bbe sought after\j\b\i, to be in demand. \Bseeker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseem\h
\Pverb\p to appear: a) 'the old man \Iseemed\j\b\i to hear voices'; b) 'it \Iseems\j\b\i best to leave now'. \Bseeming\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, apparent; \Bseemingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hseemly\h
\Padjective\p (of conduct, etc.) fitting or becoming: 'belching in church is not considered \Iseemly\j\b\i behaviour'.
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\Hseen\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsee (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hseep\h
\Pverb\p (of a liquid) to pass slowly through or out of.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'new ideas \Iseep\j\b\i gradually into circulation' (= pass, enter). \Bseepage\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-pij), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of seeping, b) the liquid that seeps or leaks out.
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\Hseer\h
\Pnoun\p a person reputed to be able to see into the future.
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\Hseersucker\h
\Pnoun\p a usually striped lightweight fabric with a regularly crinkled surface, made of various fibres. from Persian, \Ishir o shakkar\j\b\i, milk and sugar
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\Hseesaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plank fastened in the middle so that each of the two ends, on which a child sits, moves up and down in turn.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of moving up and down or back and forth. b) an up-and-down or back-and-forth movement. \Bseesaw\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hseethe\h
\Isay\j\b\i see\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p (of a liquid) to boil or to bubble and foam as if boiling: 'the floodwaters \Iseethed\j\b\i around lampposts and doorways'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the troops \Iseethed\j\b\i with rebellion' (= were in a state of agitation).
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\Hsegment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seg\j\b\i-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part into which something naturally divides: 'the \Isegments\j\b\i of an orange'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) the part of a circle or sphere cut off by a line or plane. b) a finite part of a line. \Bsegment\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i seg-\CX1ment\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to divide into segments; \Bsegmental\j\b\i, \Bsegmentary\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bsegmentation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of dividing into segments, b) the state of being divided into segments.
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\Hsegregate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seg\j\b\ira-gate \Pverb\p to separate people or groups from each other. Compare \Jintegrate\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of segregating. b) the state of being segregated.
\CX12.\j\b\i a policy, law or process of separating one racial, ethnic or religious group from the main body of society. \Bsegregationist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who advocates segregation. Latin \Ise-\j\b\i apart + \Igregis\j\b\i of the flock
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\Hseigneur\h
\Isay\j\b\i sane-\CX1yer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i the superior party in a feudal contract, such as a nobleman who rented out sections of his estate in exchange for military service, etc. Compare \Jvassal\j\b\i. \Bseigneurial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hseismic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1size\j\b\i-mik \Padjective\p of, relating to or caused by earthquakes.
an instrument for measuring the vibrations caused by earthquakes. \Bseismologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseize\h
\Isay\j\b\i seez \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to lay hold of firmly: a) 'she \Iseized\j\b\i me by the arm'; b) 'my mind \Iseized\j\b\i upon the idea that I was a genius'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the crowd was \Iseized\j\b\i by the urge to sing and dance' (= possessed).
b) 'she never failed to \Iseize\j\b\i an opportunity' (= take advantage of\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to bind or become jammed, as an engine through overheating. \Bseizure\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\ier), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of seizing, b) a fit.
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\Hseldom\h
\Padverb\p not often.
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\Hselect\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to choose.
\Bselect\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
specially chosen: a) 'a \Iselect\j\b\i group of friends'; b) 'Wilson's \Iselect\j\b\i brand of chocolates'.
\Bselection\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a choice: 'will you please make your \Iselection\j\b\i?'. b) something which has been selected: 'take your \Iselections\j\b\i to the nearest cash register'. c) a range of things to choose from: 'we have a very wide \Iselection\j\b\i of albums'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian history:\j\b\i a) a block of land chosen from Crown land in return for an annual payment to the government. b) the system by which such blocks were chosen.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the choosing of certain animals or plants for purposes of reproduction. This may occur naturally or may be artificially guided, as in the breeding of cattle, etc. \Bselective\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having the power to select, b) fastidious or exclusive; \Bselector\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that selects. Latin \Ise-\j\b\i apart + \Ilectus\j\b\i picked
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\Hselenium\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1lee\j\b\ini-um \Pnoun\p element number 34, a non-metal, forming allotropes and used in making glass and rubber. The grey crystalline form, called 'metallic' selenium, varies in electrical resistance with the intensity of light, and is used in photoelectric cells. Greek \IselenΘ\j\b\i moon
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\Hselenography\h
\Isay\j\b\i sella-\CX1nog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the study of the physical features of the moon.
the branch of astronomy dealing with the moon. Greek \IselenΘ\j\b\i moon + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hself\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bselves\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i one's own person.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'when he's tired his better \Iself\j\b\i disappears' (= nature, character).
b) 'whatever she does she does for reasons of \Iself\j\b\i' (= selfishness, personal interest).
\CX12.\j\b\i the ego. \Bself\j\b\i, \Ipronoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-\h
a prefix meaning: a) of or over oneself, etc., as in \Iself-control\j\b\i; b) by or in oneself, etc., as in \Iself-evident\j\b\i; c) to or for oneself, etc., as in \Iself-addressed\j\b\i; d) automatic or automatically, as in \Iself-starter\j\b\i.
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\Hself-absorbed\h
\Padjective\p preoccupied with one's own thoughts, interests, etc. \Bself-absorption\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-acting\h
\Padjective\p automatic.
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\Hself-addressed\h
\Padjective\p addressed to oneself.
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\Hself-aggrandisement\h
\Pnoun\p self-aggrandizement an increase in one's own power, prestige, wealth, etc., usually achieved aggressively.
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\Hself-appointed\h
\Padjective\p acting or speaking as if having authority, without having been requested or authorized to do so: 'a \Iself-appointed\j\b\i spokesperson'.
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\Hself-assertive\h
\Padjective\p insisting on one's own wishes, opinions, importance, etc. \Bself-assertion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-assured\h
\Padjective\p confident in one's own abilities, etc., especially to an extreme degree. \Bself-assurance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-aware\h
\Padjective\p aware of one's own nature, weaknesses and abilities. \Bself-awareness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-centred\h
\Padjective\p selfish or excessively concerned with oneself. \Bself-centredness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-centring\h
\Padjective\p returning automatically to a central position after being displaced.
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\Hself-composed\h
\Padjective\p calm within oneself. \Bself-composedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bself-composure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-confidence\h
\Pnoun\p belief in one's own abilities, worth, judgement, etc. \Bself-confident\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bself-confidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hself-congratulation\h
\Pnoun\p an uncritical or excessive approval of one's own qualities, actions, etc. \Bself-congratulatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-conscious\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i excessively conscious of how one appears to other people.
\CX12.\j\b\i conscious of one's own self, existence, thoughts, etc. \Bself-consciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bself-consciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-contained\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) reserved or disposed to say little. b) self-possessed or calm.
\CX12.\j\b\i independent, such as a flat or house which has its own bathroom and kitchen, so that sharing is not necessary.
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\Hself-control\h
\Pnoun\p control of one's self, feelings, actions, etc. \Bself-controlled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-deception\h
\Pnoun\p the fact or act of deceiving oneself.
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\Hself-defeating\h
\Padjective\p (of an action, plan, etc.) having inherent defects which prevent its successful achievement, conclusion, etc.
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\Hself-defence\h
\Pnoun\p the defence of one's person, property, etc., especially when involving the use of physical force.
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\Hself-denial\h
\Pnoun\p the denial of one's own desires. \Bself-denying\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-determination\h
\Pnoun\p any decision made by oneself without outside influence, especially the decision by the people of a country as to its political destiny. \Bself-determined\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bself-determining\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-discipline\h
\Pnoun\p the discipline or training of oneself, especially for self-improvement.
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\Hself-effacement\h
\Pnoun\p the act or habit of not drawing attention to oneself, especially through modesty or timidity. \Bself-effacing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-employed\h
\Padjective\p earning one's income from one's own business, skills, etc., and not as a salary or wages from an employer.
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\Hself-esteem\h
\Pnoun\p a good opinion of oneself, often excessive.
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\Hself-evident\h
\Padjective\p obviously true and therefore requiring no proof or explanation. \Bself-evidently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hself-explanatory\h
\Padjective\p obvious.
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\Hself-expression\h
\Pnoun\p the expression of one's own personality in art or in one's behaviour.
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\Hself-fertilisation\h
\Pnoun\p self-fertilization \IBiology:\j\b\i the union of male and female gametes from the same animal or flower. Compare \Jcross-fertilisation\j\b\i.
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\Hself-governed\h
\Padjective\p governed by itself, such as a state or community. \Bself-governing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bself-government\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hselfhood\h
\Pnoun\p the state of being an individual person: 'to achieve \Iselfhood\j\b\i'.
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\Hself-important\h
\Padjective\p having an exaggerated idea of one's own importance. \Bself-importantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bself-importance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-improvement\h
\Pnoun\p an improvement of one's skills, status, etc. by one's own efforts.
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\Hself-indulgent\h
\Padjective\p indulging one's own desires, passions, etc. with little regard for the welfare of others. \Bself-indulgently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bself-indulgence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-interest\h
\Pnoun\p personal advantage or interest. \Bself-interested\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hselfish\h
\Padjective\p caring too much for oneself and too little for others. \Bselfishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bselfishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-knowledge\h
\Pnoun\p knowledge of one's own character, abilities, etc.
\Padjective\p (of a firearm) reloading automatically.
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\Hself-locking\h
\Padjective\p locking automatically when closed.
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\Hself-love\h
\Pnoun\p selfishness or egotism.
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\Hself-made\h
\Padjective\p having achieved success unaided.
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\Hself-opinionated\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i conceited.
\CX12.\j\b\i obstinate in one's opinions.
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\Hself-pity\h
\Pnoun\p excessive pity for oneself. \Bself-pitying\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-pollination\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the process of transferring pollen from the anthers to the stigma of the same flower.
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\Hself-portrait\h
\Pnoun\p an artist's portrait of himself or herself.
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\Hself-possessed\h
\Padjective\p having or showing control of one's feelings, behaviour, etc. \Bself-possession\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-propelled\h
\Padjective\p propelled or driven by itself. \Bself-propelling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-raising\h
\Padjective\p (of flour) containing a substance, such as baking powder, to make it rise.
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\Hself-realisation\h
\Pnoun\p self-realization the full development of one's capabilities.
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\Hself-reliance\h
\Pnoun\p a reliance on one's own resources.
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\Hself-reproach\h
\Pnoun\p a blaming or reproaching of oneself.
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\Hself-respect\h
\Pnoun\p a respect or esteem for one's own character and conduct. \Bself-respecting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hself-restraint\h
\Pnoun\p any self-control.
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\Hself-righteous\h
\Padjective\p piously sure of one's own righteousness or virtue. \Bself-righteously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bself-righteousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-sacrifice\h
\Pnoun\p the sacrifice of one's own interests, desires, etc. for the sake of some other person, principle, etc. \Bself-sacrificing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hselfsame\h
\Padjective\p the very same: 'is that the \Iselfsame\j\b\i John Smith I was talking about before?'.
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\Hself-satisfied\h
\Padjective\p feeling satisfied with oneself. \Bself-satisfaction\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-seeking\h
\Padjective\p pursuing or seeking one's own interests. \Bself-seeker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-service\h
\Padjective\p (of a restaurant, shop, lift, etc.) served, operated or performed partly or wholly by the customer, passenger, etc.
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\Hself-sown\h
\Padjective\p sown without human aid.
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\Hself-starter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an electrical device that starts an internal combustion engine.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who does not need to be told what to do.
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\Hself-styled\h
\Padjective\p (of a name, etc.) applied to oneself, especially undeservedly.
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\Hself-sufficient\h
\Padjective\p able to provide or manage for oneself without aid \Bself-sufficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hself-tapping screw\h
a screw which cuts a thread into the sides of a hole as it is screwed in.
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\Hself-willed\h
\Padjective\p obstinate.
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\Hsell\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsold\j\b\i, \Bselling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to exchange for money or its equivalent.
\CX12.\j\b\i to offer for sale or deal in, e.g. for one's livelihood: 'she \Isells\j\b\i motor cars'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to attract buyers: 'the bright package \Isells\j\b\i this soap powder'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we finally \Isold\j\b\i him on the idea' (= convinced, caused to accept).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsell off\j\b\i, to sell at a reduced price.
\Bsell oneself short\j\b\i, to underestimate or belittle one's own worth or abilities.
\Bsell out\j\b\i, a) to dispose of completely by selling, b) to betray.
\Bsell up\j\b\i, to sell all of one's goods or property. \Bsell\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseller\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who sells.
\CX12.\j\b\i something considered in terms of its sales potential: 'all books in this series are good \Isellers\j\b\i'.
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\HSellotape\h
\Pnoun\p an adhesive tape. a trademark
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\Hseltzer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1selt\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a naturally effervescent mineral water or artificially carbonated plain water.
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\Hselvage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sel\j\b\ivij \Pnoun\p selvedge \CX11.\j\b\i the edge of a length of woven fabric sewn or finished to prevent unravelling.
\CX12.\j\b\i the edge of a roll of wallpaper or fabric that is meant to be cut off and discarded.
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\Hselves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jself\j\b\i.
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\Hsemantics\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1man\j\b\itiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the science or study of the meanings of words, especially in relation to their historical change. \Bsemantic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Isemantikos\j\b\i significant
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\Hsemaphore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ia-for \Pnoun\p a method of signalling, using flags or a mechanical device with arms, where different positions represent the letters of the alphabet. Greek \Isema\j\b\i sign + \Iphoros\j\b\i bearing
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\Hsemblance\h
\Pnoun\p an outward appearance: 'the deserted house had a \Isemblance\j\b\i of decay'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'not a \Isemblance\j\b\i of guilt showed in his face' (= trace).
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\Hsemen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-m'n \Pnoun\p also called \Bseminal fluid\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the combined secretions of the male reproductive organs, including the testes and prostate gland, which forms the fluid expelled from the penis in ejaculation. Latin, seed
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\Hsemester\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1mes\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p either of the two halves into which the teaching year at a university, college, etc. may be divided. \Bsemestral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Isex\j\b\i six + \Imensis\j\b\i a month
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\Hsemi\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a semi-trailer.
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\Hsemi-\h
a prefix meaning: a) partially or partly, as in \Isemidetached\j\b\i; b) half of, as in \Isemicircle\j\b\i; c) occurring twice within a particular period of time, as in \Isemiannual\j\b\i. Latin, half
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\Hsemiannual\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1an\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p a) occurring twice a year. b) lasting for half a year.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a firearm) loading automatically but requiring a separate pull of the trigger at each shot.
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\Hsemibreve\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ii-breev \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a note with a half of the time value of a breve.
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\Hsemicircle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ii-sir-k'l \Pnoun\p a) a half of a circle. b) something which has this shape. \Bsemicircular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsemicolon\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1kole\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a punctuation mark (;), used in a sentence to separate clauses or introduce a pause longer than that of a comma.
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\Hsemiconductor\h
\Pnoun\p \IElectronics:\j\b\i any of a class of crystals, such as silicon and germanium, with conductivity ranging from nil at -200░C to poor at normal temperatures and good when heated or when impurities are added (as in transistors). They are used in electronic and microelectronic circuits and photoelectric cells.
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\Hsemiconscious\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1kon\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p not fully conscious. \Bsemiconsciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsemidetached\h
\Padjective\p partly detached, as a pair of houses, detached from other buildings but with a common wall.
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\Hsemifinal\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1fie\j\b\i-n'l \Pnoun\p the last competition or match played before a final game in a series. \Bsemifinal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsemifinalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or team that competes in a semifinal.
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\Hseminal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ii-n'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i of or relating to semen.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a seed.
\CX13.\j\b\i having possibilities of future development.
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\Hseminal fluid\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jsemen\j\b\i.
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\Hseminar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ii-nar \Pnoun\p a class or group discussion usually for advanced study or research.
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\Hseminary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\iin-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a training college for priests.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a private school, especially one for girls. \Bseminarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who attends or teaches in a seminary.
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\Hsemiofficial\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-a-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p having some official authority.
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\Hsemipermanent\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1per\j\b\ima-nent \Padjective\p intended to last for some time but not for ever, such as a dye for hair.
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\Hsemipermeable\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1perm\j\b\iia-b'l \Padjective\p (of a membrane) permeable to some molecules in a solution but not to others.
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\Hsemiprecious\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1presh\j\b\ius \Padjective\p having some value as a gem but not classified as precious, e.g. amethyst.
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\Hsemiquaver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1semm\j\b\ii-kway-va \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a note with a half of the time value of a quaver.
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\Hsemiskilled\h
\Padjective\p partly skilled or trained for work, but not professional.
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\Hsemisolid\h
\Isay\j\b\i semmi-\CX1soll\j\b\iid \Padjective\p not completely solid.
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\HSemite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sem\j\b\i-ite \Ior\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-mite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a race of people now represented by the Jews and Arabs.
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the smallest interval used in European music. On the piano this represents the interval between one note and the next, whether it is white or black.
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\Hsemi-trailer\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Brig\j\b\i
an articulated motor vehicle consisting of a prime mover and a trailer.
\Isay\j\b\i semma-\CX1lee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p the hard parts of wheat grain left after making flour, used to make pasta, puddings, etc. Italian \Isemolino\j\b\i little bran
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\Hsenate\h
\Pnoun\p (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) the upper house of parliament, which represents the states. Compare \Jhouse of representatives\j\b\i. \Bsenator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a member of the senate; \Bsenatorial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i senna-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsend\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsent\j\b\i, \Bsending\j\b\i)
to cause to go or be carried: a) 'to \Isend\j\b\i a letter'; b) 'the bowler \Isent\j\b\i down a fast ball'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'this music really \Isends\j\b\i me' (= excites, inspires).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsend down\j\b\i, a) to expel from a university; b) 'the judge \Isent\j\b\i him \Idown\j\b\i for five years' (= imprisoned).
\Bsend for\j\b\i, to ask or demand to appear.
\Bsend up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to mock or mimic. \Bsender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsend-off\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a friendly gathering for a person who is leaving.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\iile \Ior\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\inile \Padjective\p a) of or relating to old age. b) lacking mental or physical health due to old age. \Bsenility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1nill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsenior\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seen\j\b\i-ya \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being more advanced in years, rank, standing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to secondary school, especially the last two years.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) sometimes used by the father when father and son have the same name: 'Sammy Davis \ISenior\j\b\i'.
\Bsenior\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a senior person or student.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a student in fourth year at college.
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\Hseniority\h
\Isay\j\b\i seeni-\CX1orr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being senior.
\CX12.\j\b\i precedence of position, especially by reason of age or long service.
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\Hseûor\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1yor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the title for a Spanish man.
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\Hseûora\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1yor\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p the title for a married Spanish woman.
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\Hseûorita\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-yor-\CX1ee\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p the title for an unmarried Spanish woman.
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\Hsensation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any perception through the senses.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I had the \Isensation\j\b\i that someone was watching me' (= impression, idea).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a state of great interest and excitement: 'the pop group caused a \Isensation\j\b\i when they visited Australia'. b) an event, person, etc. causing such interest and excitement. \Bsensational\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsensationally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsensationalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1say\j\b\i-sh'n-\CX1a\j\b\i-lizm \Pnoun\p the deliberate use of startling or thrilling methods in writing, politics, etc. \Bsensationalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsense\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the faculties of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling or perception: 'there was a \Isense\j\b\i of menace in his voice'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'old Smith has no \Isense\j\b\i of humour' (= appreciation).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) practical judgement. b) sound mental faculties.
\CX14.\j\b\i the meaning of a word, statement, etc.: 'in what \Isense\j\b\i are you using the word?'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the direction of a vector.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin a sense\j\b\i, to a certain extent.
\Bmake sense\j\b\i, to be intelligible or acceptable.
\Bto make sense of\j\b\i, to understand the meaning of.
\Bsense\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be or become aware of: 'I \Isensed\j\b\i someone was looking at me'.
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\Hsenseless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unconscious: 'she was knocked \Isenseless\j\b\i in the rush'.
\CX12.\j\b\i stupid or foolish: 'being rude to the parking inspector was a \Isenseless\j\b\i thing to do'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his \Isenseless\j\b\i speech confused all of us' (= lacking meaning). \Bsenselessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsenselessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsense organ\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i an organ or structure, such as a tastebud, which passes outside information to nerves inside the body.
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\Hsensibility\h
\Isay\j\b\i sensa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to feel or perceive.
\CX12.\j\b\i a keen perception or sensitivity.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) emotions or feelings.
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\Hsensible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or showing good sense or sound judgement.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is \Isensible\j\b\i of the danger of his situation' (= aware).
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be perceived by the senses.
\CX13.\j\b\i conscious: 'I was stunned but still \Isensible\j\b\i'. \Bsensibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsensibleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsensitise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa-tize \Pverb\p sensitize to make sensitive, e.g. making a photographic film sensitive to light. \Bsensitisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsensitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i affected by stimuli or impressions.
\CX12.\j\b\i easily offended or hurt: 'she is very \Isensitive\j\b\i about being so tall'.
\CX13.\j\b\i able to measure finely and exactly: 'a \Isensitive\j\b\i thermometer'. \Bsensitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsensitivity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sensa-\CX1tivv\j\b\ii-tee), \Bsensitiveness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hsensor\h
\Pnoun\p a device which detects physical changes in something, such as the soil.
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\Hsensory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\isa-ree \Padjective\p of or relating to the senses or sensation.
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\Hsensual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sens\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to or affecting the senses.
\CX12.\j\b\i sexy or erotic. \Bsensually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsensuality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sen-sew-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Bsensualness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bsensualist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who seeks sensual pleasure; \Bsensualism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsensualistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bsensual, sensuous\j\b\i have related but distinct meanings. Both describe a pleasurable appeal to the senses, but often \Isensual\j\b\i has sexual or erotic overtones.
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\Hsensuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sens\j\b\i-yew-us \Padjective\p affecting or giving pleasure to the senses. \Bsensuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsensuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Jsensual\j\b\i.
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\Hsent\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsend\j\b\i.
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\Hsentence\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a group of words which express a complete thought, having a subject and a predicate. \IExample\j\b\i: The man bought a book.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a) the decision of a court, stating the punishment a convicted person is to receive. b) the punishment itself. \Bsentence\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to condemn to punishment. Latin \Isententia\j\b\i opinion
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\Hsententious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sen-\CX1ten\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p a) given to pompous moralising. b) self-righteous. \Bsententiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsententiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsentient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\i-sh'nt \Padjective\p perceiving by the senses. \Bsentiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsentience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isentiens\j\b\i feeling
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\Hsentiment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sen\j\b\iti-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any attitudes based on tender or emotional feelings rather than reason.
\CX12.\j\b\i an opinion or attitude: 'what are your \Isentiments\j\b\i on the subject?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the emotional meaning of something. Latin \Isentire\j\b\i to feel
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\Hsentimental\h
\Isay\j\b\i senti-\CX1men\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p having, causing or appealing to tender or romantic feelings: 'we all cried during the \Isentimental\j\b\i film'. \Bsentimentalise\j\b\i, \Bsentimentalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to indulge in sentiment, b) to make sentimental; \Bsentimentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsentimentality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i senti-men-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsentinel\h
\Pnoun\p a sentry.
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\Hsentry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soldier placed to keep watch and warn of attacks.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who guards or watches.
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\Hsepal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-p'l \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i one of the small, green, leaf-like, outer parts of a flower, forming the calyx and found under the petals and surrounding a bud.
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\Hseparable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sepp\j\b\iera-b'l \Padjective\p capable of being separated. \Bseparably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseparability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i seppera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseparate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sepp\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove parts so that they are no longer together: '\Iseparate\j\b\i the milk from the cream'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to distinguish between: 'you must \Iseparate\j\b\i right and wrong in your own mind'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) to part company. b) to stop living together.
not shared or joined: a) 'we sleep in \Iseparate\j\b\i rooms' b) 'list each \Iseparate\j\b\i item'. \Bseparately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseparation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or fact of separating; \Bseparateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact of being separate.
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\Hseparatist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sepp\j\b\iera-tist \Pnoun\p a person who wants political or religious independence. \Bseparatism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseparator\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sepp\j\b\ia-rayta \Pnoun\p any of various machines which separates one substance from another, such as cream from milk.
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\Hsepia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ipia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a brown pigment obtained from an ink-like secretion of various cuttlefish.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deep brown colour.
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\Hsepoy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-poy \Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i an Indian soldier, especially one serving in the British Indian Army.
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\Hsepsis\h
\Pnoun\p the presence of pathogenic organisms or their poisons in the blood or tissues. Greek, going rotten
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\Hsepta\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jseptum\j\b\i.
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\HSeptember\h
\Pnoun\p the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar. Latin, the seventh month of the Roman calendar
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\Hseptet\h
\Pnoun\p any group of seven people or things.
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\Hseptic\h
\Padjective\p of or causing sepsis or infection.
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\Hsepticaemia\h
\Isay\j\b\i septi-\CX1see\j\b\imia \Pnoun\p also called \Bblood-poisoning\j\b\i
an infection originating in a wound, in which the organisms breed in the blood.
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\Hseptic tank\h
a tank in which sewage is broken down by the action of bacteria.
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\Hseptuagenarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i septewa-j'n-\CX1air\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a person who is over 70 but less than 80 years old. \Bseptuagenarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) being 70 years old, b) being between 70 and 80 years old. Latin \Iseptuageni\j\b\i seventy each
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\Hseptum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsepta\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a wall separating parts of a structure in an animal or plant. Latin, a fence
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\Hsepulchre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sepp\j\b\iul-ka \Pnoun\p a tomb or burial vault. \Bsepulchral\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1pul\j\b\i-kr'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or for a tomb, b) (of a voice) deep and hollow.
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\Hsequel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\ikwel \Pnoun\p something that follows.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what was the \Isequel\j\b\i to your visit to your ex-boyfriend?' (= result, consequence).
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\Hsequence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-kw'nce \Pnoun\p a) the following of one thing after another. b) the order in which one or more things follow each other: 'we arranged the words in alphabetical \Isequence\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a strange \Isequence\j\b\i of events led to my adventure' (= continuous or connected series). \Bsequential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1kwen\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsequentially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsequester\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1kwest\j\b\ia \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to hold or confiscate, etc. Also called to \Bsequestrate\j\b\i. \Bsequestration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsequin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\i-kwin \Pnoun\p a small, coloured, shining disc, used to decorate clothes, etc.
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\Hsequoia\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1koy\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p either of two species of very tall evergreen trees native to California, one of which is the redwood.
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\Hseraglio\h
\Isay\j\b\i ser-\CX1rah\j\b\ilio \Pnoun\p the part of a Moslem house in which the females live. Italian
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\Hseraph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1serr\j\b\iaf \Pnoun\p plural is \Bseraphs\j\b\i or \Bseraphim\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1serr\j\b\ia-fim)
\Isay\j\b\i serra-\CX1nade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p music of the kind originally sung or played beneath a loved one's window in the evening. \Bserenade\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hserendipity\h
\Isay\j\b\i serren-\CX1dipp\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p the faculty of making unexpected but desirable discoveries. \Bserendipitous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. after \IThe Three Princes of Serendip\j\b\i, by Horace Walpole, 1754, whose heroes had this quality
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a labourer forced to work on the land for a feudal lord.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is treated like a slave. \Bserfdom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iservus\j\b\i a slave
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\Hserge\h
\Isay\j\b\i serj \Pnoun\p a very durable worsted or woollen fabric, used for clothing.
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\Hsergeant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sar\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a non-commissioned officer ranking above a corporal in the armed forces.
\CX12.\j\b\i a police officer ranking between a constable and an inspector.
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\Hserial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1see\j\b\iri-ul \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a story which is presented in parts, e.g. week by week in a magazine or on television or radio.
\CX12.\j\b\i a publication issued in successive numbered parts.
\Bserial\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or arranged in a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of data transfer) of or relating to the process of sending information in the form of bits, one at a time through a communications medium such as a wire. \Bserially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bserialise\j\b\i, \Bserialize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to publish or broadcast in the form of a serial; \Bserialisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hseries\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seer\j\b\i-eez \Pnoun\p plural is \Bseries\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any ordered arrangement of a number of related things, events, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i an arrangement of conductors end to end, so that current flows through each in turn. Compare \Jparallel\j\b\i.
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\Hserif\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i the curved or projecting ends on the main stroke of a letter, as those at the top and bottom of M.
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\Hserious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seer\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i thoughtful or solemn: 'her \Iserious\j\b\i face told us something was wrong'.
\CX12.\j\b\i important: 'this is a \Iserious\j\b\i decision'.
\CX13.\j\b\i critical: 'a \Iserious\j\b\i illness'.
\CX14.\j\b\i sincere or meaning what one says: 'stop teasing and be \Iserious\j\b\i for once'. \Bseriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bseriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsermon\h
\Pnoun\p a speech on a religious or moral subject, especially one based on the Bible and spoken from a church pulpit. \Bsermonise\j\b\i, \Bsermonize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to preach or lecture.
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\Hserpent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a snake.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i an old serpent-shaped wind instrument with a deep tone. Latin \Iserpere\j\b\i to creep
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\Hserpentine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\ipen-tine \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like a serpent.
\CX12.\j\b\i twisting and turning like a snake: 'the \Iserpentine\j\b\i meanderings of a river'.
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\Hserrated\h
\Isay\j\b\i ser-\CX1ay\j\b\itid \Padjective\p having a sharply notched or grooved edge, e.g. as a saw. \Bserrate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make serrated; \Bserration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of serrating, b) a serrated notch or edge.
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\Hserried\h
\Padjective\p an old word meaning pressed close together: 'the \Iserried\j\b\i ranks of troops'.
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\Hserum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seer\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsera\j\b\i or \Bserums\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the pale yellow, liquid part of blood, after the cells and the parts which cause clotting have been removed. Compare \Jplasma\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i this substance obtained from immunised animals and used for medical purposes as antiserum.
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\Hservant\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who works in the household of another, such as a maid.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person employed by the government: 'a public \Iservant\j\b\i'.
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\Hserve\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to perform work or duties for: a) 'she \Iserved\j\b\i the king for 40 years'; b) 'how long did you \Iserve\j\b\i in the army?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this box will \Iserve\j\b\i as a table' (= act, suffice).
b) 'the bull \Iserved\j\b\i the cow' (= mated with).
\CX12.\j\b\i to provide with or deal out goods, etc.: a) 'she \Iserves\j\b\i in a milk bar'; b) 'may I \Iserve\j\b\i dinner now?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Iserved\j\b\i with a summons to appear in court' (= presented).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i to hit the ball into play with an overarm stroke from the back line.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bserve right\j\b\i, 'your punishment \Iserves\j\b\i you \Iright\j\b\i for telling fibs' (= is just or deserved).
\Bserve time\j\b\i, to spend time in prison.
\Bserve\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a helping: 'I want a gigantic \Iserve\j\b\i of ice-cream'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a service.
#
\Hserver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person who serves. b) something used to serve food, etc., such as a special tray or a salad spoon.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i the player whose turn it is to serve.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i (of a local area network - LAN) a computer which controls and regulates the access of other computers to all or part of the network. Compare \Jclient\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i See \Jacolyte\j\b\i. \Bservery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a place where food is placed on plates.
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\Hservice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\ivis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of helping or serving: a) 'I gave good \Iservice\j\b\i to the country'; b) 'does this shop give quick \Iservice\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the providing of some facility required by the public: 'a bus \Iservice\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of checking and repairing equipment and machinery: 'my car needs a \Iservice\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i a) a meeting for worship. b) the form of such a meeting: 'the marriage \Iservice\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a set of objects used for a special purpose: 'a \Itea-service\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a government department or the people in it: 'the diplomatic \Iservice\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the armed forces. b) activities in employment: 'they dispensed with her \Iservices\j\b\i'.
\CX18.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i the act of playing the delivery ball. Also called a \Bserve\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat your service\j\b\i, 'I am always \Iat your service\j\b\i' (= ready to help).
\Bbe of service\j\b\i, 'can I \Ibe of service\j\b\i to you?' (= be helpful).
\Bservice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to maintain or repair machinery, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a male animal) to mate with.
\Bservice\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i relating to servants or tradesmen: 'please use the \Iservice\j\b\i entrance'.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the armed forces: '\Iservice\j\b\i uniforms'.
#
\Hserviceable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\ivissa-b'l \Padjective\p able to give good service, especially by being strong and durable: 'active children need \Iserviceable\j\b\i clothes'. \Bserviceably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bserviceability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i servissa-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Bserviceableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hservice charge\h
a percentage or a sum of money added to a bill to pay for service given.
#
\Hservice court\h
also called a \Breceiving court\j\b\i
\ITennis:\j\b\i a division of the court into which the ball must be hit by the server.
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\Hservice hatch\h
See \Jserving hatch\j\b\i.
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\Hservice line\h
See \Jbaseline\j\b\i.
#
\Hserviceman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a member of the armed forces.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who repairs appliances, etc. \Bservicewoman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hservice pipe\h
a pipe carrying water or gas to a building from an outside central system.
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\Hservice provider\h
also called \Bprovider\j\b\i
a company which provides subscribers with access to the various networks of the Internet.
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\Hservice road\h
a road parallel to a main road, used to provide access to buildings without interrupting the main traffic.
#
\Hservice station\h
also called a \Bpetrol station\j\b\i
a place where petrol, oil, etc. is sold, and where motor vehicles may be repaired.
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\Hserviette\h
\Isay\j\b\i servi-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also called a \Bnapkin\j\b\i or a \Btable napkin\j\b\i
a piece of cloth or paper used at table to protect the clothes, wipe the lips, etc.
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\Hservile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\i-vile \Padjective\p fawning: 'she paid no attention to his \Iservile\j\b\i flattery'. \Bservilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bservility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ser-\CX1vill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hserving\h
\Pnoun\p a portion of food.
#
\Hserving hatch\h
also called a \Bservice hatch\j\b\i
an opening in a wall through which food, etc. can be passed, often between a kitchen and dining room.
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\Hservitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\ivi-tor \Pnoun\p an old word for a servant or attendant.
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\Hservitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ser\j\b\ivi-tewd \Pnoun\p compulsory labour: 'penal \Iservitude\j\b\i on Devil's Island'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the peasants struggled for centuries under the \Iservitude\j\b\i of greedy landowners' (= control).
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\Hservomechanism\h
\Isay\j\b\i servo-\CX1mekk\j\b\ia-nizm \Pnoun\p short form is \Bservo\j\b\i
a device to control speed, position, direction, voltage, etc. of a mechanism using electrical, hydraulic, etc. power governed by feedback to correct deviations. Applications include power-assisted steering, automatic pilots, etc. \Bservomechanical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i servo-ma-\CX1kann\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bservomotor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a motor supplying power to a servomechanism.
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\Hsesame\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sess\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p the seeds from a tropical plant, used in bread, sweets, cakes or as a spice.
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\Hsessile\h
\Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) of part of a plant without a stalk or a support. b) of animals which are permanently in one place, such as an oyster. Latin \Isessilis\j\b\i sitting down
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\Hsession\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the meeting together of a court, group or organisation. b) a period in the life of a parliament, from its opening to its prorogation, when it goes into recess.
\CX12.\j\b\i any single meeting for a particular purpose: 'the orchestra has two practice \Isessions\j\b\i weekly'. \Bsessional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hset\h
\Pverb\p (\Bset\j\b\i, \Bsetting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to put: a) '\Iset\j\b\i the eggs on the table'; b) '\Iset\j\b\i a limit to your spending'; c) '\Iset\j\b\i your mind at rest'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his behaviour \Isets\j\b\i a fine example' (= presents).
b) 'which books are \Iset\j\b\i for study?' (= prescribed).
c) 'please \Iset\j\b\i the table' (= put cutlery and crockery on).
d) '\Iset\j\b\i the alarm before going to bed' (= adjust).
\CX12.\j\b\i to become hard or firm: 'the ice-cream \Iset\j\b\i quickly in the freezer'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to give a fixed position or shape to: a) 'the gem was \Iset\j\b\i in gold'; b) 'I washed and \Iset\j\b\i my hair in curlers'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to start: a) 'the book \Iset\j\b\i me thinking'; b) 'her mother \Iset\j\b\i her up in business'.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of the sun, moon, etc.) to sink below the horizon.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bset on, set upon\j\b\i, a) 'the thugs \Iset on\j\b\i the old man' (= suddenly attacked); b) 'Robyn is \Iset on\j\b\i being a doctor' (= determined on).
\Bset out\j\b\i, a) 'he \Iset out\j\b\i to become a pilot' (= aimed); b) '\Iset out\j\b\i your request in writing' (= state).
\Bset up\j\b\i, a) 'don't \Iset\j\b\i yourself \Iup\j\b\i as an expert' (claim to be); b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the murderer \Iset up\j\b\i her victim for the kill' (= trapped). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bset-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an arrangement.
\Bset\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a number of things which together form a complete collection: 'a \Iset\j\b\i of dinner plates'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they are members of the artistic \Iset\j\b\i' (= group of people, clique).
\CX12.\j\b\i the way in which something stands or is placed: 'the determined \Iset\j\b\i of her jaw'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an apparatus which receives radio signals, etc.: 'a television \Iset\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) the scenery used to represent a particular place during a play or film. b) an area where filming takes place.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a division of the match where one player has won at least six games and is at least two games ahead of his or her opponent.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a collection of distinct elements considered together as a single unit. A \Bsubset\j\b\i is a set of elements contained within another set which is called the \Bsuperset\j\b\i. \BSet theory\j\b\i studies sets, their construction, algebra and interrelationships.
\Bset\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
fixed: a) 'a \Iset\j\b\i smile'; b) 'meet me at a \Iset\j\b\i time'; c) 'have you read the \Iset\j\b\i texts?'.
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\Hsetback\h
\Pnoun\p a reverse or check to progress: 'farming suffered a \Isetback\j\b\i during the drought'.
#
\Hset square\h
a flat instrument in the shape of a right-angled triangle, used for architectural drawing, etc.
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\Hsettee\h
\Pnoun\p a covered seat for two or more persons, having armrests and a back, and sometimes made to fold down as a bed.
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\Hsetter\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large, long-haired gun-dogs, which stand rigid when scenting game.
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\Hsetting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i that in which something is set: a) 'the diamond was in a gold \Isetting\j\b\i'; b) 'the play's \Isetting\j\b\i was ancient Rome'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the lake is a wonderful \Isetting\j\b\i for a restaurant' (= environment).
\CX12.\j\b\i the arrangement of cutlery, mats, glasses, etc. on a table, especially for one person.
#
\Hsettle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to agree: 'we finally \Isettled\j\b\i on where to spend our holiday'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'who'll \Isettle\j\b\i the bill?' (= pay).
b) 'we \Isettled\j\b\i the argument' (= resolved).
\CX12.\j\b\i to go and live in a new place: 'colonists \Isettled\j\b\i on the coast of the new continent'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) to sink down or rest: 'the mud \Isettled\j\b\i on the river bottom'. b) to cause this to happen: 'this drink will \Isettle\j\b\i your stomach'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'are you \Isettling\j\b\i into your new job quickly?' (= adapting).
\CX14.\j\b\i to bestow property on someone by gift or legal deed. \Bsettled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, fixed or unchanging.
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\Hsettlement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of settling: a) '\Isettlement\j\b\i of the argument took months'; b) '\Isettlement\j\b\i of the new continent was rapid'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'please find enclosed the full \Isettlement\j\b\i' (= payment).
\CX12.\j\b\i a small collection of houses, etc., especially in a new or sparsely populated area.
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\Hsettler\h
\Pnoun\p a person who settles, especially in a new country or area.
#
\Hseven\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 7 in Arabic numerals, VII in Roman numerals. \Bseven\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bseventh\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hseventeen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 17 in Arabic numerals, XVII in Roman numerals. \Bseventeen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bseventeenth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hseventy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 70 in Arabic numerals, LXX in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 70-79 in a series, such as the years in a century. \Bseventy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bseventieth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hsever\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sevv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to cut as though by a sharp blow.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Isevered\j\b\i all ties with his ex-girlfriend' (= broke off).
the act of severing, dividing or breaking off: 'a \Iseverance\j\b\i of diplomatic relations'.
#
\Hseveral\h
\Padjective\p more than two or three, but not a great number.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'after the conference, the speakers returned to their \Iseveral\j\b\i countries' (= individual, respective). \Bseveral\j\b\i, \Ipronoun\j\b\i, some or a few; \Bseverally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, respectively or individually.
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\Hseverance pay\h
the money paid to an employee by the employer to compensate for the loss of his or her job.
#
\Hsevere\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1veer\j\b\i \Padjective\p stern or strict: 'don't be too \Isevere\j\b\i with the child'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'is the illness \Isevere\j\b\i?' (= serious).
a) the removal of waste matter by sewers. b) a system of sewers.
#
\Hsewer (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a person who sews.
#
\Hsewer gas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-a gas a gas, mainly methane and carbon dioxide, produced during the breakdown of sewage.
#
\Hsewn\h
\Isay\j\b\i sone \Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsew\j\b\i.
#
\Hsex\h
\Pnoun\p a) the character of being male or female. b) the differences between males and females.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the film is full of \Isex\j\b\i' (= sexual activity).
\Bsafe sex\j\b\i
those sexual practices in which precautions are taken (especially the wearing of condoms) to prevent the spreading of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and other sexually transmitted diseases. \Bsex\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to ascertain the sex of; \Bsexed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a certain degree of sexuality; \Bsexless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) neither male nor female, b) (informal) having no sex appeal. Latin \Isecus\j\b\i a division
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\Hsex chromosome\h
a chromosome which carries sex-determining factors. In humans the \BX chromosome\j\b\i carries female factors and the \BY chromosome\j\b\i carries male factors. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes.
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\Hsexism\h
\Pnoun\p a) an attitude which stereotypes people according to sex. b) discrimination against people because of their sex. \Bsexist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who discriminates between people on the basis of sex; \Bsexist\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsextant\h
\Pnoun\p an instrument for measuring the angle of altitude of planets and stars, used in determining latitude and longitude.
#
\Hsextet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group of six musicians. b) a musical composition for six musicians or instruments. Also called a \Bsestet\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of six people or things.
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\Hsexton\h
\Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i an official in charge of a church building and its contents.
#
\Hsextuplet\h
\Pnoun\p any of six offspring born at one birth.
#
\Hsexual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seks\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to sex or the sexes.
\CX11.\j\b\i to protect or cover from direct light or heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw or paint light and dark sections in a sketch, etc.
\Bshading\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IArt:\j\b\i the lines, etc. in a drawing or painting which indicate the degree of darkness or light.
#
\Hshadow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a dark shape or image of something, cast on a surface when the light is intercepted. b) any dark area: '\Ishadows\j\b\i under the eyes'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'poor countries live in the \Ishadow\j\b\i of starvation' (= constant fear).
b) 'he is only a \Ishadow\j\b\i of his former self' (= faintly similar image).
c) 'not a \Ishadow\j\b\i of a doubt' (= trace).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who follows another closely.
\Bshadow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cast shade or shadow.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to follow a person closely.
\Bshadow\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
imitating the actions, organisation, etc. of something: 'the Opposition's \Ishadow\j\b\i Cabinet is ready to take office if the Government resigns'. \Bshadowy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having or casting a shadow, b) faint or vague.
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\Hshadow box\h
a small open framework with shelves for holding ornaments on a wall.
#
\Hshadow-boxing\h
\Pnoun\p the act of boxing with an imaginary opponent, for practice, exercise, etc.
#
\Hshady\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shay\j\b\i-dee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or giving shade.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of doubtful honesty or character: 'a \Ishady\j\b\i business deal'. \Bshadily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshadiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hshaft\h
\Isay\j\b\i shahft \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the long slender stem of a tool or weapon, as of an arrow or axe. b) something resembling this in shape, such as the length of a column or a ray of sunlight.
\CX12.\j\b\i a well-like passage or enclosed space: a) 'a mine \Ishaft\j\b\i'; b) 'a lift \Ishaft\j\b\i'.
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\Hshag (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a mass of rough, matted hair, wool, etc. b) a fabric with long woollen pile on one side.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coarse-cut tobacco.
\Bshaggy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
roughly matted or unkempt. \Bshagginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hshag (2)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcormorant\j\b\i.
#
\Hshaggy dog story\h
a long, complicated and amusing but pointless joke or story.
#
\Hshah\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a title for a king of Iran. Persian
\CX11.\j\b\i to move from side to side or to and fro with short, sharp, quick movements: a) 'take the carpet outside and \Ishake\j\b\i it'; b) '\Ishake\j\b\i the bottle before using'; c) 'the whole house \Ishook\j\b\i in the gale'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the bad news \Ishook\j\b\i me' (= affected violently).
\CX12.\j\b\i to waver or tremble: 'her voice \Ishook\j\b\i with emotion'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bshake down\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to search thoroughly; b) to extort money from.
\Bshake up\j\b\i, 'we must \Ishake up\j\b\i things in this office' (= liven up).
\Bshake\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a shaking movement: 'give the bottle a good \Ishake\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drink made by shaking the ingredients together: 'a milk \Ishake\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bno great shakes\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not very good.
\Btwo shakes\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a moment. \Bshaker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or a thing that shakes, such as a container from which salt is shaken.
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\Hshako\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shay\j\b\i-ko \Pnoun\p a cylindrical hat with a peak at the front and a plume, worn by soldiers.
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\Hshaky\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shay\j\b\i-kee \Padjective\p unsteady or unsafe. \Bshakily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshale\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a soft, slate-like rock formed of compacted layers of mud and clay.
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\Hshall\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshould\j\b\i; \Iold forms\j\b\i: \Bshalt\j\b\i, \Bshouldst\j\b\i or \Bshouldest\j\b\i)
an auxiliary \Pverb\p indicating the future tense: 'I \Ishall\j\b\i go there tomorrow'. \Bshall, will (1)\j\b\i. Generally \Ishall\j\b\i is used for the first person and \Iwill\j\b\i for the second and third person of the future tense. Remember the following: 'I/we \Ishall\j\b\i look' (first person); 'you/he/she/it/they \Iwill\j\b\i look' (second and third persons). If you are in doubt, use \Iwill\j\b\i.
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\Hshallot\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1lot\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small, onion-like bulb which divides into smaller sections and is eaten raw or cooked.
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\Hshallow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shall\j\b\io \Padjective\p of little depth: a) '\Ishallow\j\b\i water'; b) '\Ishallow\j\b\i arguments'.
\Bshallow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a shallow part of a body of water. \Bshallowly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshallowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsham\h
\Pnoun\p a pretence: 'his illness was only a \Isham\j\b\i'. \Bsham\j\b\i (\Bshammed\j\b\i, \Bshamming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to pretend.
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\Hshaman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shah\j\b\iman \Pnoun\p a witch doctor or priest who works with the supernatural.
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\Hshamateur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shamm\j\b\ia-ter \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who maintains an amateur status in an occupation or sport while receiving some form of financial support.
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\Hshamble\h
\Pverb\p to shuffle or walk clumsily. \Bshamble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a shambling walk.
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\Hshambles\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a state of confused muddle or disorder.
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\Hshame\h
\Pnoun\p pain or embarrassment caused by dishonourable or foolish behaviour: 'I blushed with \Ishame\j\b\i after telling such a lie'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'have you no \Ishame\j\b\i?' (= modesty).
b) 'what a \Ishame\j\b\i!' (= pity).
\Bput to shame\j\b\i, 'her skill at maths \Iputs\j\b\i me \Ito shame\j\b\i' (= disgraces).
\Bshame\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to disgrace or make ashamed. b) to force or compel through shame: 'my actions \Ishamed\j\b\i me into apologising'. \Bshamefaced\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing shame; \Bshamefacedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshameful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing or bringing shame or disgrace; \Bshamefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshamefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bshameless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, immodest or lacking in shame; \Bshamelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshamelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshammy\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jchamois\j\b\i.
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\Hshampoo\h
\Pnoun\p a) a soap or detergent, especially used for washing hair or carpets. b) a wash using such soap. \Bshampoo\j\b\i (\Bshampooed\j\b\i, \Bshampooing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Hindi
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\Hshamrock\h
\Pnoun\p a small clover-like plant with three leaves on each stem, the national emblem of Ireland. Irish, little clover
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\Hshandy\h
\Pnoun\p a drink made by mixing beer with lemonade or ginger beer.
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\Hshanghai (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shang\j\b\i-high \Pverb\p to force a person to join a ship's crew by means of alcohol, drugs or violence.
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\Hshanghai (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shang\j\b\i-high \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a child's catapult.
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\HShangri-La\h
\Isay\j\b\i shangri-\CX1la\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a paradise on earth. after a hidden paradise in 'Lost Horizon' by James Hilton
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\Hshank\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the part of the leg between the knee and the ankle. b) a cut of meat from the lower leg of an animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main straight part of an anchor, key, spoon, etc.
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\Hshanks's pony\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) on foot.
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\Hshantung\h
\Pnoun\p a fabric with a rough surface, woven from coarse silk. after \IShantung\j\b\i, a province in China
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\Hshanty (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a shack.
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\Hshanty (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a sailor's song with a strong rhythm. French \Ichanter\j\b\i to sing
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\Hshape\h
\Pnoun\p an external line or outline: 'that cloud has the \Ishape\j\b\i of a camel'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the garden is in poor \Ishape\j\b\i' (= condition).
\Btake shape\j\b\i, 'her plans slowly \Itook shape\j\b\i' (= took on definite form, developed).
\Bshape\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or fashion: 'he \Ishaped\j\b\i the wood into a broom-handle'.
\Bshape up\j\b\i, 'the new recruits are \Ishaping up\j\b\i well' (= developing). \Bshapeless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having no regular or definite shape; \Bshapelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshapelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bshapely\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a pleasing or attractive shape; \Bshapeliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshard\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsherd\j\b\i
a fragment, especially of broken pottery.
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\Hshare (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a part divided out: 'each will have to do his \Ishare\j\b\i of the work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a part of the capital of a company, returning to the holder a proportion of the profits.
\Bshare\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give or receive a part of something: '\Ishare\j\b\i these sweets with your friends'.
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\Hshare (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p a ploughshare.
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\Hshare farmer\h
in America called a \Bsharecropper\j\b\i
a farmer who pays a share of the crop as rent.
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\Hshareholder\h
\Pnoun\p in America called a \Bstockholder\j\b\i
a person who owns shares in a company.
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\Hshareware\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i software that is initially made available to users free of charge, but is usually accompanied by a request for payment of a small fee for an instruction manual or back-up support.
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\Hshark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of large, powerful, often dangerous, cartilaginous marine fish, the most primitive jaw-bearing vertebrates.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cheat or swindler.
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\Hsharp\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a fine cutting or piercing edge or point: a) 'a \Isharp\j\b\i sword'; b) 'a \Isharp\j\b\i pencil'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that corner is too \Isharp\j\b\i' (= abrupt).
b) 'I now saw the \Isharp\j\b\i outline' (= distinct).
c) 'his retort was \Isharp\j\b\i' (= harsh, biting).
d) 'keep a \Isharp\j\b\i lookout' (= alert).
e) 'I call that \Isharp\j\b\i practice' (= dishonest).
f) 'she is very \Isharp\j\b\i' (= clever).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) being raised in pitch by a semitone. b) above proper pitch. Compare \Jflat (1)\j\b\i.
\Bsharp\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
suddenly: 'the horse pulled up \Isharp\j\b\i'. \IUsage:\j\b\i 'come at noon \Isharp\j\b\i' (= punctually).
\Blook sharp\j\b\i, be quick!
\Bsharp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a sharp note. b) the symbol indicating this.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cheat: 'a card \Isharp\j\b\i'. \Bsharply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsharpness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsharpen\h
\Pverb\p to make or become sharp or sharper. \Bsharpener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sharpens, such as a device for sharpening pencils.
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\Hsharpshooter\h
\Pnoun\p a person skilled at shooting.
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\Hsharp-sighted\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having keen eyesight.
\CX12.\j\b\i mentally alert.
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\Hsharp-tongued\h
\Padjective\p speaking harshly or bitterly.
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\Hsharp-witted\h
\Padjective\p being mentally quick or alert.
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\Hshaslick\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shaz\j\b\ilik \Pnoun\p shashlik See \Jshish kebab\j\b\i.
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\Hshatter\h
\Pverb\p to break violently into fragments: 'the bullet \Ishattered\j\b\i the glass'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'm \Ishattered\j\b\i to hear the terrible news' (= extremely distressed).
#
\Hshave\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshaved\j\b\i, \Bshaved\j\b\i or \Bshaven\j\b\i, \Bshaving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove hair from the face, legs, etc. with a razor.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove in layers or thin slices: 'to \Ishave\j\b\i wood'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the car \Ishaved\j\b\i the fence' (= scraped).
\Bshave\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of shaving, especially of the face.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that was a close \Ishave\j\b\i' (= narrow escape). \Bshavings\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, thin slices of wood, etc. shaved off.
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\Hshaver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an electric razor.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a youngster.
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\Hshawl\h
\Pnoun\p a large, often thick, scarf, especially one worn around the shoulders.
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\Hshe\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bthey\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the third person singular nominative \Ppronoun\p, used to indicate a female: '\Ishe\j\b\i ate the cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (used traditionally of certain objects and institutions, such ships and nations) 'the ship looked splendid as \Ishe\j\b\i sailed into the bay'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (used as a \Pnoun\p) 'is the cat a \Ishe\j\b\i?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (used in combination to indicate a female) 'a \Ishe-goat\j\b\i'. See \Jher\j\b\i, \Bhers\j\b\i and \Bhe\j\b\i.
\Bshe's right\j\b\i, (\IAustralian, New Zealand, informal\j\b\i), that's all right.
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\Hsheaf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsheaves\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small bundle of cut cereal plants.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small bundle: 'a \Isheaf\j\b\i of papers'.
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut the wool or hair off: 'to \Ishear\j\b\i sheep'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the diplomat was \Ishorn\j\b\i of his privileges' (= stripped).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of metals, etc.) to cut through or break off at the point of impact. \Bshearer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who shears, especially one who shears sheep.
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\Hshears\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of large scissors with long, heavy blades.
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\Hsheath\h
\Isay\j\b\i sheeth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a case for the blade of a knife, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any closely fitting covering on part of an animal or plant.
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\Hsheathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i shee\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to replace a knife, etc. in its sheath.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cover with a protective layer: 'to \Isheathe\j\b\i a roof with copper'. \Bsheathing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a protective cover or sheath.
#
\Hsheath-knife\h
\Pnoun\p a knife having a fixed blade fitting into a sheath.
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\Hsheave\h
\Pverb\p to gather or bind into a sheaf or sheaves.
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\Hsheaves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jsheaf\j\b\i.
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\Hshebang\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1bang\j\b\i \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) business: 'the whole \Ishebang\j\b\i'.
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\Hshed (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a simple building for storage, etc.
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\Hshed (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshed\j\b\i, \Bshedding\j\b\i)
to lose or let fall: 'the cattle had \Ished\j\b\i their winter coats'.
\Bshed blood\j\b\i, to injure or kill.
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\Hsheen\h
\Pnoun\p a shining or glossy brightness. \Bsheeny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, shiny.
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\Hsheep\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsheep\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of various wild or domesticated grass-eating mammals, valued for their wool and flesh.
\CX12.\j\b\i a meek or timid person.
#
\Hsheep dip\h
a solution in which sheep are immersed to destroy bacteria, parasites, etc.
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\Hsheep-dog\h
\Pnoun\p any of various breeds of dog trained to move and control sheep.
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\Hsheepish\h
\Padjective\p embarrassed or timid. \Bsheepishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsheepishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsheepshank\h
\Pnoun\p a knot used to shorten a piece of rope.
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\Hsheer (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fine and transparent: '\Isheer\j\b\i silk'.
\CX12.\j\b\i pure or absolute: 'she laughed for \Isheer\j\b\i joy'.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large rectangle of cloth, usually cotton or linen, used in pairs on a bed, one to cover the mattress and the other to cover the person in bed.
\CX12.\j\b\i any thin piece or mass: 'a \Isheet\j\b\i of paper'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isheet\j\b\i of flame swept across the field' (= broad expanse). \Bsheet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide or cover with a sheet or sheets; \Bsheeting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any material used to make sheets.
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\Hsheet (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \ISailing:\j\b\i a rope used to adjust and control a sail. \Bsheet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to secure or extend by means of a sheet or sheets.
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\Hsheet anchor\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a large anchor used in an emergency.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dependable person or resource.
#
\Hsheet bend\h
a knot used to join one piece of rope to another of different diameter.
#
\Hsheet lightning\h
the diffused light from a flash within a cloud, or the reflection of a distant flash.
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\Hsheikh\h
\Isay\j\b\i shake \Ior\j\b\i sheek \Pnoun\p sheik a Moslem chief or leader. \Bsheikhdom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a country or state ruled by a sheikh. Arabic \Ishaikh\j\b\i old man
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\Hsheila\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shee\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal, use is sexist\j\b\i) a woman.
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\Hshekels\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) money. from \Ishekel\j\b\i, an ancient Babylonian coin
#
\Hshelf\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bshelves\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a piece of wood, etc. fixed to a wall or as part of a cupboard, for supporting objects.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ledge on a cliff face.
\CX13.\j\b\i a continental shelf.
\Bon the shelf\j\b\i, a) not in use; b) not married or likely to be married.
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\Hshell\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the hard covering or case of some animals, such as mussels, snails, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any outer covering, usually hard: 'an \Ieggshell\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'only the \Ishell\j\b\i of the house remained after the fire' (= framework).
b) 'it was difficult to penetrate her \Ishell\j\b\i' (= reserve, shyness).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) any of various projectiles containing an explosive charge and designed to explode in the air or upon impact. b) a cartridge.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IScience:\j\b\i a class of electron orbits in an atom, all of which have the same energy.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i a light, narrow racing boat with a smooth hull.
\Bshell\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove the shell of: '\Ishell\j\b\i these peas'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fire shells or explosives at.
\Bshell out\j\b\i, to hand over money or goods.
#
\Hshellac\h
\Isay\j\b\i sha-\CX1lak\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a yellowish resin produced by an insect of India and Thailand, used as a varnish and for electrical insulation. \Bshellac\j\b\i (\Bshellacked\j\b\i, \Bshellacking\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to coat with shellac.
#
\Hshellfire\h
\Pnoun\p the firing of shells or explosives.
#
\Hshellfish\h
\Pnoun\p an aquatic animal, such as an oyster, with a shell or hard, outer covering.
#
\Hshellproof\h
\Padjective\p able to survive the effects of explosive shells.
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\Hshell shock\h
See \Jcombat fatigue\j\b\i.
#
\Hshelter\h
\Pnoun\p a place or structure which provides protection, covering or safety. \Bshelter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to find or provide with a shelter.
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\Hshelve (1)\h
\Pverb\p a) to place on a shelf or shelves. b) to provide with a shelf or shelves.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the plans were \Ishelved\j\b\i for another year' (= put aside, postponed).
#
\Hshelve (2)\h
\Pverb\p to slope gradually.
#
\Hshelves\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jshelf\j\b\i.
#
\Hshemozzle\h
\Isay\j\b\i she-\CX1mozz\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of disturbance or confusion. Yiddish
#
\Hshenanigan\h
\Isay\j\b\i she-\CX1nann\j\b\ii-gan \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) trickery or nonsense.
#
\Hshe-oak\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcasuarina\j\b\i.
#
\Hshepherd\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shepp\j\b\ierd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who guards or herds sheep.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who protects or cares for a group.
\Bshepherd\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to protect, guard or watch over. \Bshepherdess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of shepherd.
#
\Hsherbet\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet, fizzy powder used in drinks and sweets. Arabic \Isharab\j\b\i a drink
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\Hsherd\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jshard\j\b\i.
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\Hsheriff\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sherr\j\b\iif \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i an officer appointed to enforce the law in a county.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i an officer of the Supreme Court whose duty it is to see that the orders of the court are carried out.
#
\Hsherry\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet or dry fortified wine, first made in Spain.
#
\HShetland pony\h
any of a breed of very small, strong ponies. originally from the \IShetland Islands\j\b\i
#
\Hshiatsu\h
\Isay\j\b\i shee-\CX1at\j\b\i-soo \Pnoun\p a Japanese massage technique which uses firm and steady pressure on certain points of the body to treat and cure illness.
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\Hshibboleth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shibb\j\b\ia-leth \Pnoun\p a catchphrase, tenet or social trick arbitrarily selected as a test of loyalty to a political party, conformity to a social group, etc. in the Bible the Ephraimites gave themselves away by not being able to \Ppronoun\pce the word \Ishibboleth\j\b\i
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\Hshickered\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) drunk.
#
\Hshied\h
\Isay\j\b\i shide \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshy (1)\j\b\i and \Bshy (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hshield\h
\Isay\j\b\i sheeld \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various types of defensive armour carried in the hand or on the arm.
\CX12.\j\b\i something used to protect, hide or defend: 'he wanted a \Ishield\j\b\i against poverty in old age'. \Bshield\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to protect or hide; \Bshielder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hshift\h
\Pverb\p to move from one place or position to another: '\Ishift\j\b\i the logs into the yard'.
\Bshift\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a movement or change to another place, position, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a period of working time, especially in a factory, etc. b) the employees who work during this time.
\CX13.\j\b\i a simple dress, usually sleeveless.
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\Hshiftless\h
\Padjective\p lazy, inefficient or lacking purpose. \Bshiftlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshiftlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshifty\h
\Padjective\p sly or furtive. \Bshiftily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshiftiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshillelagh\h
\Isay\j\b\i shil-\CX1lay\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p shillelah an Irish cudgel made of blackthorn or oak.
\Pnoun\p a thin strip of metal, plastic, etc., placed between two close surfaces to fill a gap. \Bshim\j\b\i (\Bshimmed\j\b\i, \Bshimming\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to insert a shim or shims.
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\Hshimmer\h
\Pverb\p to shine with a faintly flickering light. \Bshimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a faint, flickering light.
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\Hshin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the front of the leg between the knee and the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of beef comprising the lower front leg of the animal. \Bshin\j\b\i (\Bshinned\j\b\i, \Bshinning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to climb by gripping with the arms and legs.
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\Hshindig\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a party, especially a noisy one.
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\Hshindy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a brawl or noise.
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\Hshine\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshone\j\b\i or \Bshined\j\b\i, \Bshining\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to give out light or brightness.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I must \Ishine\j\b\i my shoes' (= clean).
b) 'she \Ishines\j\b\i in all her subjects' (= is excellent or outstanding).
\CX12.\j\b\i to aim or point the light of: '\Ishine\j\b\i that torch over here'.
\Bshine\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i light or brightness.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of cleaning: 'give those forks a \Ishine\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'come rain or \Ishine\j\b\i' (= fair weather).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btake a shine to\j\b\i, to like or fancy immediately.
\Btake the shine out of\j\b\i, to do better than or humiliate. \Bshiny\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shy\j\b\i-nee), \Iadjective\j\b\i, bright or glossy.
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\Hshiner\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a black eye.
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\Hshingle (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin oblong piece of wood used in overlapping rows to form a roof or as wall cladding.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tapered haircut.
\Bto be, to have a shingle short\j\b\i, (\Iformerly\j\b\i), to be half-witted. \Bshingle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hshingle (2)\h
\Pnoun\p large and small rounded stones especially on a beach. \Bshingly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hshingles\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a viral infection of the nerves causing severe pain and a rash of blisters, often around the waist.
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\Hshiny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shy\j\b\i-nee \Padjective\p See \Jshine\j\b\i.
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\Hship\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large sea-going vessel, other than a coastal trader.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a square-rigged sailing vessel with more than two masts.
\Bwhen one's ship comes in\j\b\i, when one has become rich.
\Bship\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bshipped\j\b\i, \Bshipping\j\b\i)
to send or transport by ship, rail, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he was \Ishipped\j\b\i off to school at an early age' (= sent). \Bshipping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or business of sending goods by sea, b) any or all ships.
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\H-ship\h
a suffix of \Pnoun\ps indicating condition, office, skill, etc., as in \Ifriendship\j\b\i.
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\Hshipboard\h
\Pnoun\p \Bon shipboard\j\b\i, aboard ship.
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\Hshipment\h
\Pnoun\p a) the shipping of goods. b) the goods shipped.
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\Hship's articles\h
the conditions of employment under which the ship's crew agrees to work.
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\Hshipshape\h
\Padjective\p neatly arranged or in order.
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\Hshipwreck\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ship\j\b\i-rek \Pnoun\p a) the destruction of a ship, as by a storm, etc. b) the wrecked remains of a ship.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she saw the disaster as the \Ishipwreck\j\b\i of her hopes' (= ruin, failure). \Bshipwreck\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hshipwright\h
\Pnoun\p a shipbuilder or ship's carpenter.
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\Hshipyard\h
\Pnoun\p an area where ships are built or repaired.
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\Hshiralee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shirr\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a swag.
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\Hshire\h
\Pnoun\p a small division of a country or state for the purposes of local government. b) its inhabitants.
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\Hshirk\h
\Pverb\p to avoid or put off, especially work, duty, etc. \Bshirker\j\b\i, \Bshirk\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who shirks work, etc. German \ISchurke\j\b\i scoundrel or parasite
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\Hshirr\h
\Isay\j\b\i sher \Pverb\p to gather fabric into parallel folds by stitching or elastic. \Bshirring\j\b\i, \Bshirr\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, an arrangement of shirred folds.
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\Hshirt\h
\Pnoun\p a light piece of clothing, usually reaching to the waist, having sleeves, a collar and fastened down the front.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he bet his \Ishirt\j\b\i on the favourite for the race' (= total supply of money).
\Bkeep one's shirt on\j\b\i, to refrain from being angry or impatient.
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\Hshirty\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) annoyed or irritated.
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\Hshish kebab\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shish\j\b\i ka-bab short form is \Bkebab\j\b\i
also called a \Bshaslick\j\b\i
small pieces of seasoned meat grilled on a skewer, often with vegetables. Turkish \Isis\j\b\i skewer + \Ikebap\j\b\i roast meat
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\Hshiver (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shivv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to shake or tremble, as from cold, fear, etc. \Bshiver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bshivery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, shaking or trembling.
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\Hshiver (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shiv\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a sliver or fragment.
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\Hshoal (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a sandbank on the bed of the sea, a river, etc. creating an area of shallow water. \Bshoal\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become shallow.
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\Hshoal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a group of fish. b) any large group of people or things.
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\Hshock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden, violent impact or disturbance.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a sudden nervous collapse caused by severe physical injury or emotional disturbance.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which causes a mental or physical disturbance: 'his death was a great \Ishock\j\b\i to us all'.
\Bshock\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to strike or affect with great surprise, horror or disgust: 'the news \Ishocked\j\b\i the world'. \Bshocking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) causing horror or disgust, b) (informal) very bad.
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\Hshock (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a thick, bushy mass: 'a \Ishock\j\b\i of red hair'.
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\Hshock absorber\h
any of a variety of devices used to absorb impacts, especially those used on a motor vehicle to prevent excessive movement of the suspension.
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\Hshocker\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is shocking, unpleasant or disagreeable.
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\Hshockproof\h
\Padjective\p able to survive damage caused by shocks.
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\Hshock treatment\h
also called \Bshock therapy\j\b\i
a method of treating certain mental disorders, by giving shocks to the brain with electricity.
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\Hshock troops\h
any troops trained to begin an assault.
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\Hshockwave\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a very narrow region of high pressure and temperature caused by an explosion or by a body moving faster than the speed of sound.
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\Hshoddy\h
\Padjective\p badly or cheaply made: 'a \Ishoddy\j\b\i imitation gold bracelet'. \Bshoddily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshoddiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshoe\h
\Isay\j\b\i shoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various strong coverings for the foot, usually of leather and reaching to the ankle.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a shoe: 'a \Ihorseshoe\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i a metal holder which supports the end of a beam or joist.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IEngineering:\j\b\i the part of a brake that is pressed against a wheel or drum to produce the friction necessary for braking.
\Bin someone's shoes\j\b\i, 'I'm glad I'm not \Iin your shoes\j\b\i' (= in the position you are in). \Bshoe\j\b\i (\Bshod\j\b\i, \Bshoeing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to provide or fit with shoes, b) to cover or protect with a wooden or metal guard.
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\Hshoehorn\h
\Pnoun\p a spoon-shaped piece of horn or metal used to help ease on a shoe.
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\Hshoestring\h
\Pnoun\p \Bon a shoestring\j\b\i, with a small or inadequate sum of money. \Bshoestring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hshoetree\h
\Pnoun\p an implement inserted into shoes to help them keep their shape or stretch them.
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\Hshogun\h
\Pnoun\p \IJapanese history:\j\b\i a military commander, usually one who inherited the position.
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\Hshone\h
\Isay\j\b\i shon \Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshine\j\b\i.
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\Hshonky\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unreliable or dishonest: 'a \Ishonky\j\b\i trader'.
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\Hshoo\h
interjection go away! \Bshoo\j\b\i (\Bshooed\j\b\i, \Bshooing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hshook\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i book \Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bshake\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to fire or discharge a missile from a weapon.
\CX12.\j\b\i to wound or kill with a bullet from a weapon: 'police \Ishot\j\b\i the hijacker'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ishot\j\b\i out his leg to trip her' (= moved or sent quickly).
b) 'make sure that you \Ishoot\j\b\i the bolt back' (= slide).
c) 'the player \Ishot\j\b\i towards the goal area' (= aimed or sent the ball).
d) 'the model's dress was \Ishot\j\b\i with gold' (= marked, streaked).
\CX13.\j\b\i to photograph or film.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of plants) to put out new growths, such as buds.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bshoot off one's mouth\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk wildly or indiscreetly.
\Bshoot through\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to leave.
\Bshoot up\j\b\i, 'you have really \Ishot up\j\b\i since I last saw you' (= grown quickly).
\Bshoot\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an act of shooting.
\CX12.\j\b\i an outing or contest for shooting: 'a duck \Ishoot\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a new or young growth on a plant. \Bshooter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that shoots; \Bshooting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an incident involving the firing of bullets.
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\Hshooting box\h
a lodge used by shooters during the shooting season.
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\Hshooting gallery\h
an enclosed or indoor area with targets, used for shooting practice, competitions, etc.
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\Hshooting star\h
See \Jmeteor\j\b\i.
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\Hshooting stick\h
a walking stick with a small, folding seat at one end, used by people watching sports.
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\Hshop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where goods are sold.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where work is carried out: 'a \Iworkshop\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bset up shop\j\b\i, to establish a business or similar activity.
\Btalk shop\j\b\i, to talk about one's business or work.
\Bshop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bshopped\j\b\i, \Bshopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to visit shops in order to inspect or buy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to inform on.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they say he is \Ishopping\j\b\i around for a wife' (= looking, searching).
b) 'the detective hoped the informant would \Ishop\j\b\i the thief' (= identify, reveal). \Bshopper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who shops; \Bshopping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of buying at shops, b) the goods bought.
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\Hshop floor\h
\CX11.\j\b\i workers, especially factory workers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a factory where machines, workers, etc. are situated.
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\Hshopkeeper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who owns or manages a shop.
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\Hshoplifter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who steals goods from a shop. \Bshoplift\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bshoplifting\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshopsoiled\h
\Padjective\p also called \Bshopworn\j\b\i
dirtied or damaged due to being displayed or handled in a shop.
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\Hshop steward\h
a trade union official appointed to represent the workers in a particular factory or place of work.
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\Hshopwalker\h
\Pnoun\p a floorwalker.
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\Hshore (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the area along the edge of a sea, lake, river, etc. \Bshore\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or situated on land.
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\Hshore (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a wooden support, usually for a wall, with one end fixed to the ground and the top fixed to the wall. \Bshore\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to prop up or support.
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\Hshoreline\h
\Pnoun\p the line at which the sea meets land.
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\Hshorn\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshear\j\b\i.
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\Hshort\h
\Padjective\p not long or tall: a) 'a \Ishort\j\b\i distance'; b) 'a \Ishort\j\b\i man'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'rations are in \Ishort\j\b\i supply' (= scanty, low in amount).
b) 'do not be so \Ishort\j\b\i with your mother' (= rudely abrupt).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake short work of\j\b\i, to finish, etc. quickly.
\Bnothing short of\j\b\i, 'the decision was \Inothing short of\j\b\i madness' (= real, absolute).
\Bshort back and sides\j\b\i, a) a conservative, short hairstyle; b) (of a person) having reactionary opinions.
\Bshort for\j\b\i, 'TV is \Ishort for\j\b\i television' (= a shorter form of).
\Bshort\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i abruptly or suddenly: 'the horse stopped \Ishort\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i before reaching: 'the ball fell \Ishort\j\b\i of the mark'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcut short\j\b\i, 'the director \Icut short\j\b\i the meeting' (= ended abruptly).
\Bshort of\j\b\i, a) 'I am \Ishort of\j\b\i money this month' (= lacking in); b) '\Ishort of\j\b\i killing him I don't know what to do' (= apart from).
\Bshort\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is short, such as a short film shown before the feature film at a cinema.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of short trousers usually reaching to somewhere between the thigh and the knee.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a short circuit.
\Bin short\j\b\i, '\Iin short\j\b\i, this is my suggestion' (= briefly). \Bshort\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to short-circuit; \Bshortly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) soon, b) briefly or abruptly; \Bshortness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshortage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shor\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p an insufficient amount.
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\Hshortbread\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1short\j\b\i-bred \Pnoun\p a rich, crumbly biscuit made with flour, sugar and butter.
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\Hshort-change\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to give less change than is due. b) to cheat or deceive.
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\Hshort circuit\h
\IElectricity:\j\b\i a fault in an electric circuit, in which two points of different voltage become connected, causing the current to flow directly between them rather than through the complete circuit.
\Bshort-circuit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cause a short circuit in.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hinder or disrupt: 'his poor behaviour may \Ishort-circuit\j\b\i his plans to become president'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to complete (a task) in a quick and usually effective way.
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\Hshortcoming\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1short\j\b\i-kumming \Pnoun\p a flaw or weakness: 'the plan has some obvious \Ishortcomings\j\b\i which must be corrected'.
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\Hshort cut\h
a quicker way.
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\Hshorten\h
\Pverb\p to make or become shorter.
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\Hshortening\h
\Pnoun\p any edible vegetable or animal fat, used in cakes or pastry.
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\Hshorthand\h
\Pnoun\p a method of rapid writing, by using symbols instead of words and phrases. Compare \Jlonghand\j\b\i.
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\Hshorthanded\h
\Padjective\p not having enough workers, helpers, etc.
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\Hshort leg\h
\ICricket:\j\b\i a fielding position close to and almost level with the batsman on the on side.
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\Hshort-list\h
\Pnoun\p a list of the most likely candidates, chosen from a larger group of applicants. \Bshort-list\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hshortly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jshort\j\b\i.
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\Hshort-range\h
\Padjective\p having a limited extent in distance or time.
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\Hshort-sighted\h
\Padjective\p not able to see far.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ishort-sighted\j\b\i plan had failed by the end of the year' (= lacking concern for the future'. \Bshort-sightedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshort-sightedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshortstop\h
\Pnoun\p \IBaseball:\j\b\i a) a fielding position between second and third base. b) the player in this position.
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\Hshort-tempered\h
\Padjective\p irritable or easily made angry.
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\Hshort-term\h
\Padjective\p existing or developing within a short time.
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\Hshort ton\h
See \Jton (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hshort-wave\h
\Padjective\p (of a radiowave) having a wavelength of less than 100 m, used for long-range radio broadcasts. Compare \Jmedium-wave\j\b\i and \Blong-wave\j\b\i.
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\Hshort-winded\h
\Padjective\p becoming out of breath easily.
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\Hshot (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the firing or discharge of a weapon, especially a gun.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the golfer drove a brilliant \Ishot\j\b\i down the fairway' (= hit, stroke).
b) 'have a \Ishot\j\b\i at this puzzle' (= try, attempt).
c) 'the vet gave the dog a tetanus \Ishot\j\b\i' (= injection).
d) 'her parting \Ishot\j\b\i was a cynical laugh' (= reply, remark).
e) 'the colour returned to her face after a \Ishot\j\b\i of brandy' (= drink).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a pellet, bullet, etc. discharged from a weapon. b) any or all such pellets.
\CX13.\j\b\i a marksman: 'he is a very good \Ishot\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a photograph.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IAthletics:\j\b\i the heavy iron ball thrown in the contest of putting the shot. Also called the \Bweight\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbig shot\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an important person.
\Blike a shot\j\b\i, 'she accepted the exciting invitation \Ilike a shot\j\b\i' (= at once).
\Bshot in the arm\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which brings back energy, interest, etc.
\Bshot in the dark\j\b\i, a wild guess.
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\Hshot (2)\h
\Padjective\p woven so that different or changing colours are visible: '\Ishot\j\b\i silk'.
\Bshot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshoot\j\b\i.
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\Hshotgun\h
\Pnoun\p a sporting gun having one or two barrels with a smooth bore, used to fire small shot or pellets.
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\Hshotgun wedding\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wedding occurring, or hastened, because the bride is pregnant.
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\Hshould\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i good \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i the past tense of the auxiliary \Pverb\p \Bshall\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate: a) duty or necessity: 'you \Ishould\j\b\i apologise for your rudeness'; b) likelihood: 'they \Ishould\j\b\i get there before dark'.
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\Hshoulder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shole\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the upper part of the trunk between the arm and the neck.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the corresponding part of an animal. b) a cut of meat from this part.
\CX13.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering the shoulders: 'this coat has padded \Ishoulders'\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i something shaped like a shoulder: 'a \Ishoulder\j\b\i of rock'.
\CX15.\j\b\i an area at the side of a road or highway for vehicles to use in an emergency.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive someone the cold shoulder\j\b\i, to snub.
\Brub shoulders with\j\b\i, to meet or associate with.
\Bshoulder to shoulder\j\b\i, united action.
\Bstraight from the shoulder\j\b\i, (of a reprimand, etc.) direct and frank.
\Bshoulder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to push with the shoulder or shoulders.
\CX12.\j\b\i to carry or take on the shoulders.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the company will \Ishoulder\j\b\i your travelling expenses' (= carry, bear).
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\Hshoulder-blade\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jscapula\j\b\i.
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\Hshout\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to call or cry out loudly.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian\j\b\i, \INew Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to pay for or provide at one's own expense, particularly alcoholic drinks.
\Bshout down\j\b\i, to silence by talking or shouting more loudly than. \Bshout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshove\h
\Isay\j\b\i shuv \Pverb\p to push rudely or roughly.
\Bshove off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go away or leave. \Bshove\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshovel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shuvv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a long-handled tool with a broad scooped blade for moving things, such as soil, coal, etc. \Bshoveller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bshovel\j\b\i (\Bshovelled\j\b\i, \Bshovelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to lift or move with a shovel, b) to put in or lift in large quantities or with great speed.
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\Hshow\h
\Isay\j\b\i sho \Pverb\p (\Bshowed\j\b\i, \Bshown\j\b\i or \Bshowed\j\b\i, \Bshowing\j\b\i)
to cause or allow to be seen: '\Ishow\j\b\i me the book that you mentioned'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'can you \Ishow\j\b\i the gentleman out?' (= conduct).
b) 'the clock \Ishowed\j\b\i midnight' (= registered).
c) 'I'll \Ishow\j\b\i you how to do it' (= instruct).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bshow off\j\b\i, 'he \Ishowed off\j\b\i his new car' (= exhibited for attention or approval). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bshow-off\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who ostentatiously displays skill or wealth.
\Bshow up\j\b\i, a) 'the argument \Ishowed up\j\b\i her ignorance' (= made obvious, revealed); b) 'he did not \Ishow up\j\b\i at the office until lunchtime' (= arrive).
\Bshow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of showing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a public performance or exhibition: a) 'a cattle \Ishow\j\b\i'. b) 'there's a new \Ishow\j\b\i on at the local theatre'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that company is quite a big \Ishow\j\b\i now' (= organisation, undertaking).
b) 'her fright was all \Ishow\j\b\i' (= pretence).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he's got no \Ishow\j\b\i' (= chance).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgive the show away\j\b\i, to reveal the details of some plan, etc. especially a secret one.
\Bgood show!\j\b\i, splendid!
\Bshow of hands\j\b\i, a vote taken, especially by counting raised hands.
\Bsteal the show\j\b\i, 'she \Istole the show\j\b\i with her exciting speech' (= won the most attention or popularity). \Bshower\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sho\j\b\i-a), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that shows; \Bshowing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an exhibition, display or performance.
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\Hshow biz\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) show business.
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\Hshowboat\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican history:\j\b\i a passenger boat, used on rivers or in sheltered waters, which provided theatre entertainment.
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\Hshow business\h
all forms of public entertainment, such as plays, films, etc.
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\Hshowcase\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a glass cabinet for displaying objects.
\CX12.\j\b\i a situation, place, etc. by or in which something is shown at its best.
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\Hshowdown\h
\Pnoun\p a) a final revelation of intentions, hostility, etc. b) an open trial of strength.
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\Hshower\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a brief fall of rain, snow, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ishower\j\b\i of sparks shot from the soldering iron' (= fall, scattering).
b) 'he was met with a \Ishower\j\b\i of abuse' (= stream, flow).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a bathroom fitting usually mounted above head height, consisting of a nozzle with small holes to spray the water. b) the room or area containing this. c) the act of washing oneself using such equipment.
\CX13.\j\b\i a party for a prospective bride. \Bshower\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to fall in or as if in a shower, b) to wash under a shower; \Bshowery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hshower tea\h
a party for a bride-to-be.
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\Hshowgirl\h
\Pnoun\p a chorus girl, especially in a musical, nightclub, etc.
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\Hshow-jumping\h
\Pnoun\p a horseriding competition in which a series of obstacles must be jumped in a certain order.
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\Hshowman\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who owns or exhibits a show.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who has a flair for doing things in a dramatic or entertaining way. \Bshowmanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshown\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshow\j\b\i.
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\Hshow-off\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jshow off\j\b\i under \Bshow\j\b\i.
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\Hshowplace\h
\Pnoun\p a) a building exhibited to the public because of its beauty, interest, etc. b) any impressive building: 'the architect's home was a real \Ishowplace\j\b\i'.
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\Hshowroom\h
\Pnoun\p a room used for displaying goods.
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\Hshowy\h
\Padjective\p a) making a brilliant or impressive display: 'a plant with large, \Ishowy\j\b\i flowers'. b) ostentatious or making a vulgar display: 'a \Ishowy\j\b\i dress'. \Bshowily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshowiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshrank\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bshrink\j\b\i.
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\Hshrapnel\h
\Pnoun\p a) the fragments from an exploding shell. b) a type of shell designed to explode in the air and send fragments in all directions. invented by \IH. Shrapnel\j\b\i, 1761-1842, a British army officer
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\Hshred\h
\Pnoun\p a small, narrow strip cut or torn off: 'the dog tore my slippers to \Ishreds\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's not a \Ishred\j\b\i of evidence to support your story' (= piece, particle). \Bshred\j\b\i (\Bshredded\j\b\i, \Bshredding\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to reduce to shreds; \Bshredder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshrew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a bad-tempered, scolding woman.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mouse-like, flesh-eating, European mammal with a pointed snout. Short form of \Bshrewmouse\j\b\i. \Bshrewish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hshrewd\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shrood\j\b\i \Padjective\p clever or showing good judgement, often in a sharp way: 'she is a \Ishrewd\j\b\i politician'. \Bshrewdly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshrewdness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshriek\h
\Isay\j\b\i shreek \Pnoun\p a loud, shrill cry: 'I heard a \Ishriek\j\b\i from the bushes'. \Bshriek\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to utter a shriek, b) to utter with or in a shriek; \Bshrieker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshrift\h
\Pnoun\p the absolution granted by a priest.
\Bshort shrift\j\b\i, 'her request was given \Ishort shrift\j\b\i by the busy official' (= hasty or unsympathetic treatment).
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\Hshrike\h
\Pnoun\p any of various birds with a strong, hooked beak which impale their prey on thorns.
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\Hshrill\h
\Padjective\p high-pitched and piercing: 'a \Ishrill\j\b\i whistle'. \Bshrill\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a shrill sound, b) to utter in a shrill voice; \Bshrilly\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shril\j\b\i-lee), \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bshrillness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshrimp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of small, edible marine shellfish, considered a delicacy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a very small or thin person, especially a child.
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\Hshrine\h
\Pnoun\p a) a tomb or casket containing sacred remains, such as those of a saint. b) any building or place considered sacred because of its historic or religious associations. Latin \Iscrinium\j\b\i a box
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\Hshrink\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshrank\j\b\i, \Bshrunk\j\b\i or \Bshrunken\j\b\i, \Bshrinking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to become or make smaller: 'some fabrics \Ishrink\j\b\i in hot water'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw back or recoil: 'the frightened child \Ishrank\j\b\i back against the hedge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the authorities \Ishrank\j\b\i from taking such extreme steps' (= held back in reluctance).
\Bshrinkage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or fact of shrinking: 'this fabric is subject to \Ishrinkage\j\b\i'. b) the amount or degree of shrinking: 'the \Ishrinkage\j\b\i of this garment was excessive'.
\Bshrink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
short form of \Bhead-shrinker\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a psychiatrist. \Bshrinkable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bshrinkingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Irhymes with\j\b\i loud \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cloth in which a dead person is wrapped for burial.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a wire or rope leading from the top of a mast to either side of a ship.
\Bshroud\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to clothe in a shroud.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the whole affair is \Ishrouded\j\b\i in mystery' (= covered, hidden).
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\Hshrub\h
\Pnoun\p a woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree and lacking a main trunk. \Bshrubby\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bshrubbery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a place planted with shrubs, b) any or all shrubs.
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\Hshrug\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshrugged\j\b\i, \Bshrugging\j\b\i)
to lift and lower the shoulders as an expression of disbelief, indifference, perplexity, disdain, etc.
\Bshrug off\j\b\i, a) 'she \Ishrugged off\j\b\i their insults with a laugh' (= let pass, paid no attention to); b) 'he could not \Ishrug off\j\b\i his pursuers' (= escape, get rid of). \Bshrug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshrunk\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshrink\j\b\i.
\Bshrunken\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bshrink\j\b\i.
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\Hshucks\h
interjection \IAmerican:\j\b\i an exclamation of disappointment, annoyance or disgust.
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\Hshudder\h
\Pverb\p to shiver violently with cold, fear, etc. \Bshudder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bshudderingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hshuffle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to walk with dragging or scraping steps.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i to mix the cards in a pack so as to change their order, especially before dealing.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was \Ishuffled\j\b\i from one job to another' (= moved about).
b) 'she always \Ishuffles\j\b\i if asked a direct question' (= acts evasively).
\Bshuffle off\j\b\i, to shrug off. \Bshuffle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshun\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshunned\j\b\i, \Bshunning\j\b\i)
to avoid consistently or deliberately: 'he \Ishuns\j\b\i all publicity'.
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\Hshunt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn or move aside or onto another course: 'the discussion got \Ishunted\j\b\i off into trivialities'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the teacher was \Ishunted\j\b\i from one school to another' (= shifted, transferred).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i to sort and marshal trains.
\Bshunt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of shunting.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a low resistance alternative path for a portion of an electric current. \Bshunter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshush\h
\Pverb\p to ask for quiet, especially by making the sound 'shh'. \Bshush\j\b\i, \Iinterjection\j\b\i, hush.
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\Hshut\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshut\j\b\i, \Bshutting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move something into position so as to block an opening: a) 'please \Ishut\j\b\i the window'; b) '\Ishut\j\b\i the valve on the pipeline'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to secure by fastening doors, windows, etc.: 'he always \Ishuts\j\b\i the shop himself'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to bring together or fold: 'I can't \Ishut\j\b\i my umbrella'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to cease normal operations: 'the cinema was \Ishut\j\b\i for two weeks while the roof was repaired'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bshut down\j\b\i, a) to secure by lowering a lid, cover, etc.; b) to cease operating for a time, e.g. a factory, machine, etc.
\Bshut off\j\b\i, a) to stop the flow of water, electricity, etc.; b) to isolate.
\Bshut up\j\b\i, a) to confine or imprison; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stop talking; c) to secure by fastening windows, doors, etc.
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\Hshutdown\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bclosedown\j\b\i
the closing of a factory or other place of work.
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\Hshut-eye\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) sleep.
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\Hshut-out\h
\Pnoun\p a lockout.
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\Hshutter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hinged cover for a window.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a device on a camera which opens and shuts to allow light to pass through the lens onto the film. \Bshutter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide or close with shutters.
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\Hshuttle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device on a loom, used for passing the threads of the weft to and fro between the threads of the warp.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAerospace:\j\b\i See \Jspace shuttle\j\b\i.
\Bshuttle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move rapidly to and fro: 'the ants \Ishuttled\j\b\i back and forth moving the breadcrumbs into their nest'.
\Bshuttle service\j\b\i
a transport system, usually making frequent trips back and forth over a short distance, e.g. in an emergency. Old English \Iscytel\j\b\i dart, arrow
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\Hshuttlecock\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of cork or plastic stuck with feathers and used instead of a ball in certain games such as badminton.
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\Hshy (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) lacking confidence when with others. b) easily startled or frightened.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'm a bit \Ishy\j\b\i of putting my money in banks' (= wary, cautious).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) short or lacking: 'I'm a bit \Ishy\j\b\i of funds at the moment'.
\Bfight shy of\j\b\i, to avoid.
\Bshy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bshied\j\b\i, \Bshying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i (of a horse) to jump suddenly sideways, usually in fright.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw back, as from doubt or caution: 'never try to bully that client or she'll \Ishy\j\b\i away from the deal'. \Bshy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hshy (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bshied\j\b\i, \Bshying\j\b\i)
to throw, especially with a swift sideways motion: 'we \Ishied\j\b\i stones across the lake'. \Bshy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a sudden swift throw, b) a coconut-shy.
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\Hshyster\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shy\j\b\i-ster \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who conducts business in an unscrupulous or unethical way.
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\Hsial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ul \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i the lighter portion of the earth's crust, composed mainly of granite and occurring in separate masses to form the continents. \Bsi\j\b\i(lica) + \Bal\j\b\i(umina)
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\HSiamese cat\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-a-\CX1meez\j\b\i cat one of several breeds of short-haired cats, having a light grey or fawn coat with darker ears, face, paws and tail.
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\HSiamese twins\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-a-\CX1meez\j\b\i twins a set of twins joined together at some part of the body.
\ILanguage:\j\b\i a sibilant sound, such as in \Iless\j\b\i, \Ipast\j\b\i, etc. \Bsibilance\j\b\i, \Bsibilancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsibilantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsibling\h
\Pnoun\p a brother or sister.
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\Hsibyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sibb\j\b\iil \Pnoun\p \IMythology:\j\b\i a woman possessing the power of prophecy.
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\Hsic\h
\Padverb\p so or thus. Inserted in brackets after a word or phrase, etc. to show that it appears in this form in the original.
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\Hsick\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) ill or affected by disease. b) vomiting or feeling like vomiting: 'sea trips always make me \Isick\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or for sick people: 'a \Isick\j\b\i ward'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) mentally disturbed. b) morbid or macabre: 'no more \Isick\j\b\i jokes, please'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I'm \Isick\j\b\i of working today' (= tired, weary).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'his constant arrogance makes me \Isick\j\b\i' (= disgusted).
\Bsickness\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the state of being sick. b) a particular disease. c) a feeling of being sick.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sick feeling in the stomach. \Bsick\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) vomit; \Bsicken\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become sick; \Bsickening\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, disgusting or revolting; \Bsickeningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsickie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a day off work on the pretext of being sick.
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\Hsickle\h
\Pnoun\p a short-handled tool with a curved blade for cutting, trimming plants, etc. Compare \Jscythe\j\b\i.
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\Hsickly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sik\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not strong or healthy: 'a \Isickly\j\b\i child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of, caused by or associated with sickness: 'a \Isickly\j\b\i pallor'.
\CX13.\j\b\i being too sweet or rich: a) '\Isickly\j\b\i sweet tea'; b) '\Isickly\j\b\i sentimentality'. \Bsickliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsickness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsick\j\b\i.
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\Hside\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a surface of an object, especially a surface joining a top and a bottom: a) 'the \Iside\j\b\i of a hill'; b) 'the \Isides\j\b\i of a crate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of the two surfaces of a piece of paper, cloth, etc.: 'do not write on both \Isides\j\b\i of the page'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'which \Iside\j\b\i of your body is the pain on?' (= half).
b) 'the east \Iside\j\b\i of the city is the business sector' (= part).
\CX13.\j\b\i one of two or more opposing groups, sets of opinion, etc.: a) 'whose \Iside\j\b\i are you on?'; b) 'everyone has ignored my \Iside\j\b\i of the question'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the space immediately next to a person or thing: 'I stood at his \Iside\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a line of descent: 'on my mother's \Iside\j\b\i of the family everyone was tall and fair'.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a supercilious or pretentious manner: 'it's no good putting on \Iside\j\b\i with me'.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i a spin given to a ball by striking it on one side.
\CX18.\j\b\i half a carcass: 'a \Iside\j\b\i of bacon'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget on the right side of\j\b\i, to have or achieve the approval of.
\Bget on the wrong side of\j\b\i, to incur the displeasure of.
\Bon the side\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) as a sideline; b) secretly.
\Bside\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) at or on one side: 'a \Iside\j\b\i door'. b) from or to one side: 'a \Iside\j\b\i glance'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't get confused by \Iside\j\b\i issues' (= secondary, incidental).
\Bside\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bside against\j\b\i, to set oneself against.
\Bside with\j\b\i, to support or take the part of.
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\Hside-arms\h
plural \Pnoun\p any weapons worn at the side, such as swords, bayonets, etc.
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\Hsideboard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of furniture with drawers and shelves, for storing tableware or serving food. Also called a \Bbuffet\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) sideburns.
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\Hsideburns\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bsideboards\j\b\i
the hair growing down the side of a man's face in front of his ears.
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\Hsidecar\h
\Pnoun\p a one-wheeled compartment for a passenger, attached to the side of motorcycle.
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\Hside-dish\h
\Pnoun\p a dish served to accompany the main dish of a course.
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\Hside effect\h
any effect produced in addition to those intended, e.g. by a drug.
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\Hsidekick\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a close associate or friend.
#
\Hsidelight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light at or coming from the side.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the book contains some interesting \Isidelights\j\b\i on Napoleon's private life' (= incidental details).
\CX12.\j\b\i a window in the side of a building, at the side of a door, another window, etc.
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\Hsideline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any activity pursued in addition to one's regular business or work.
\CX12.\j\b\i a subsidiary line of merchandise.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the area beyond the boundary lines. b) the place where the spectators sit.
\Bfrom the sidelines\j\b\i, from the point of view of a spectator or outsider.
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\Hsidelong\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p directed to one side: 'a \Isidelong\j\b\i glance'.
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\Hsidereal\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-\CX1deer\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p of or relative to the stars.
\Bsidereal day\j\b\i See \Jday\j\b\i.
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\Hside-saddle\h
\Pnoun\p a saddle designed for women wearing long skirts, in which both of the rider's legs are on the same side, usually the left side, of the horse. \Bside-saddle\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, seated on or as if on a side-saddle.
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\Hsideshow\h
\Pnoun\p a small show or exhibition associated with a fair, circus, etc.
to step out of the way of: 'to \Isidestep\j\b\i a puddle'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you are always trying to \Isidestep\j\b\i your responsibilities' (= avoid). \Bsidestep\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hside street\h
a street leading off a main street.
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\Hsidestroke\h
\Pnoun\p a long-distance swimming style with alternate kick and glide phases.
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\Hsideswipe\h
\Pverb\p to strike along the side in passing: 'the parked car was \Isideswiped\j\b\i by a truck'. \Bsideswipe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsidetrack\h
\Pverb\p to distract or divert from the main issue or course.
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\Hsidewalk\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a footpath.
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\Hsidewall\h
\Pnoun\p one of the side surfaces of a tyre.
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\Hsideways\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p a) towards or from one side. b) with one side towards the front.
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\Hsiding\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1side\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p \IRailways:\j\b\i a length of track running off a main line, used for parking, loading and marshalling trains.
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\Hsidle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-del \Pverb\p to move sideways, especially in a furtive manner. \Bsidling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsiege\h
\Isay\j\b\i seej \Pnoun\p the surrounding of a fortified place by a military force intent on capturing it.
\Blay siege to\j\b\i, to besiege. Latin \Isedere\j\b\i to sit
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\Hsienna\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1enn\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any of a group of colours ranging from yellowish-brown (\Braw sienna\j\b\i) to deep orange-brown (\Bburnt sienna\j\b\i).
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\Hsierra\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1err\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a range of hills or mountains with sharp peaks. Spanish, a saw
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\Hsiesta\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1est\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a rest or short sleep, especially one taken after the midday meal.
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\Hsieve\h
\Isay\j\b\i siv \Pnoun\p a round container made of wire mesh or finely perforated metal, used for straining or sifting. \Bsieve\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put or force through a sieve.
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\Hsievert\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of radiation dose.
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\Hsieve tube\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i any of the elongated cells which form the phloem in plants.
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\Hsift\h
\Pverb\p a) to separate fine particles from coarse ones using a sieve. b) to scatter with a sieve: '\Isift\j\b\i the sugar over the plums'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the snow \Isifted\j\b\i gently down' (= fell in fine particles).
b) 'the detective carefully \Isifted\j\b\i all the evidence' (= sorted through). \Bsifter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
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\Hsigh\h
\Pverb\p to give out a deep, long, audible breath, as in weariness, sorrow, relief, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the homesick lad \Isighs\j\b\i continually for home' (= yearns). \Bsigh\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the ability to see: 'to lose one's \Isight\j\b\i'. b) the act or fact of seeing. c) the range or field of one's vision: 'in \Isight\j\b\i of land'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is seen: 'a beautiful \Isight\j\b\i lay before us'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) something worth seeing: 'to see the \Isights\j\b\i of New York'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a lot: 'the party was a \Isight\j\b\i better than we expected'. b) something odd or unattractive to see: 'he looked a \Isight\j\b\i in the tattered old coat'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat sight\j\b\i, \Bon sight\j\b\i, a) as soon as seen; b) 'a sterling draft payable \Iat sight\j\b\i' (= on being presented).
\Bnot by a long sight\j\b\i, definitely not.
\Bsight unseen\j\b\i, without having seen the thing in question.
\Bsight\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to get a glimpse or view of: 'to \Isight\j\b\i a school of whales'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take a sight or observation with an instrument.
\CX13.\j\b\i to take aim with a gun, etc. \Bsighted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not blind; \Bsightless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, blind; \Bsightly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, pleasing to see; \Bsightliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsight-read\h
\Pverb\p \IMusic:\j\b\i to be able to read, play or sing from written music without previous practice or rehearsal.
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\Hsightseeing\h
\Pnoun\p the act of seeing places and things of interest, especially as a tourist. \Bsightseer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i
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\Hsign\h
\Isay\j\b\i sine \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that points to the existence or likelihood of something: a) 'he gave no \Isign\j\b\i that suicide was on his mind'; b) 'dark clouds are a \Isign\j\b\i of rain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an action or gesture intended to convey an idea, information, etc.: 'she made a \Isign\j\b\i with her finger that warned us to keep quiet'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a board or poster serving to display information or advertise.
\CX14.\j\b\i a conventional symbol or figure which stands for a word, mathematical operation, division of the zodiac, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he disappeared without a \Isign\j\b\i' (= indication).
\Bsign\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to write one's signature on.
\CX12.\j\b\i to communicate by a sign: 'he \Isigned\j\b\i to me to follow him up the stairs'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the team has just \Isigned\j\b\i a new player' (= hired by written contract).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsign off\j\b\i, to cease broadcasting, etc.
\Bsign on\j\b\i, a) to be hired or employed by a contract; b) to begin broadcasting, etc.
\Bsign up\j\b\i, to enlist, e.g. in the armed forces. Latin \Isignum\j\b\i a mark, token
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\Hsignal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sig\j\b\i-n'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any action, message, device, etc., used to convey a warning, order, or information: a) 'a railway \Isignal\j\b\i'; b) 'give the \Isignal\j\b\i to begin'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i a wave, sound, etc. which transmits information.
\Bsignal\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsignalled\j\b\i, \Bsignalling\j\b\i)
a) to make a signal to. b) to make known by signals or signs: 'her face \Isignalled\j\b\i her distress'.
\Bsignal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i conspicuous or notable: 'a \Isignal\j\b\i victory for our side'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to signal: 'a \Isignal\j\b\i fire burning on the hilltop'. \Bsignaller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsignally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, notably.
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\Hsignatory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sig\j\b\ina-tree \Pnoun\p a person or nation that has signed a treaty or other document.
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\Hsignature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sig\j\b\ina-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person's name as written by himself or herself. b) the act of signing a document.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a sign used to indicate key or tempo.
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\Hsignature tune\h
a piece of music always played to identify a particular programme or performer.
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\Hsignboard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sine\j\b\i-bord \Pnoun\p a board or hoarding bearing writing, advertisements, etc.
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\Hsignet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sig\j\b\init \Pnoun\p a small seal, impressed on a document to authenticate it.
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\Hsignet ring\h
a ring in which initials or a seal are set.
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\Hsignificant\h
\Isay\j\b\i sig-\CX1niff\j\b\ii-k'nt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i notable: 'a \Isignificant\j\b\i victory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of meaning: 'a \Isignificant\j\b\i glance'. \Bsignificantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsignificance\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to be a sign of: 'raised eyebrows \Isignify\j\b\i surprise'. b) to make known by signs: 'he \Isignified\j\b\i his approval by nodding his head'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to matter: 'what does it \Isignify\j\b\i if they do not believe us?'. \Bsignification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of signifying, b) what is signified. Latin \Isignificare\j\b\i show by signs
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\Hsign language\h
the use of certain gestures as a method of communication with and between deaf or dumb people.
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\Hsignor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1seen\j\b\i-yor \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsignori\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i seen-\CX1yor\j\b\i-ee)
the title for an Italian man.
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\Hsignora\h
\Isay\j\b\i seen-\CX1yor\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsignore\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i seen-\CX1yor\j\b\i-ay)
the title for a married Italian woman.
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\Hsignorina\h
\Isay\j\b\i sin-ya-\CX1ree\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsignorine\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sin-ya-\CX1ree\j\b\inay)
the title for an unmarried Italian woman.
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\Hsignpost\h
\Pnoun\p a) a post bearing a sign which points out a particular place, direction, etc. b) any indication, sign or clue.
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\Hsign-writer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who designs and produces signboards, notices, etc. \Bsign-writing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HSikh\h
\Isay\j\b\i seek \Pnoun\p a member of an Indian religious movement founded in the 16th century and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.
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\Hsilage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-lij \Pnoun\p fodder for farm animals, made from green plants preserved in a silo, mound or pit.
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\Hsilence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-l'nce \Pnoun\p a) the absence of sound: 'the \Isilence\j\b\i of an underground cave'. b) the state or fact of being silent: 'he was reduced to \Isilence\j\b\i by the teacher's anger'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I shall have to swear you to \Isilence\j\b\i about this matter' (= secrecy).
\Bsilence\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make silent or bring to silence.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his convincing explanation \Isilenced\j\b\i all our doubts' (= put an end to).
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\Hsilencer\h
\Pnoun\p a device attached to a gun, motor car exhaust system, etc. to reduce noise.
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\Hsilent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-l'nt \Padjective\p making no sound or noise.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's one of the strong \Isilent\j\b\i types' (= taciturn, reticent).
b) 'she was a star of the \Isilent\j\b\i movies' (= having no soundtrack).
c) 'pneumonia has a \Isilent\j\b\i \Bp\j\b\i' (= not \Ppronoun\pced).
\Bsilent majority\j\b\i, those who do not agitate, demonstrate or campaign and whose views are therefore liable to be forgotten. \Bsilently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsilent partner\h
See \Jsleeping partner\j\b\i.
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\Hsilhouette\h
\Isay\j\b\i silloo-\CX1et\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) a portrait in profile, showing an outline only, usually black on white. b) the outline of a solid figure seen against a contrasting background. \Bsilhouette\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Bsilhouette\j\b\i takes its name from âtienne de \ISilhouette\j\b\i (1709-67), a French minister of Finance, although the connection is not clear. A \Isilhouette\j\b\i, being an outline only, was considerably cheaper than a portrait and, apparently, the minister was famous for his meanness. However, Silhouette simply may have been the creator of such pictures.
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\Hsilica\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\iika \Pnoun\p silicon dioxide (formula SiO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i), a hard white mineral occurring in many forms, such as quartz. \Bsiliceous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sil-\CX1lish\j\b\ius), \Iadjective\j\b\i, containing, resembling or consisting of silica.
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\Hsilica gel\h
a form of silica with a highly porous structure, capable of containing or absorbing 40 per cent of its weight of water. It is used as a drying agent, especially for drying gases.
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\Hsilicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ii-kate \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the bivalent (SiO\Ksubscript\k\I3\j\b\i){\up6 2-\j\b\i radical.
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\Hsilicon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ii-kon \Pnoun\p element number 14, a very common non-metal, forming allotropes. Widely occurring as silica, it is used in glass, silicones and alloys.
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\Hsilicone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ii-kone \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of a group of complex polymers of carbon and silicon, used as lubricants, resins and lacquers.
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\Hsilicosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i silli-\CX1ko\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a disease of the lungs caused by inhaling siliceous particles in stone-dust, etc.
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\Hsilk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a fine, soft fibre obtained from the cocoon of a silkworm, used to make yarn or fabric. b) any substance resembling silk, such as the fibres on an ear of corn.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a jockey's racing clothes, usually in the horse owner's registered colours. \Bsilky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, smooth, soft and glossy like silk; \Bsilkily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsilkiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsilken\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made of silk, b) silky.
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\Hsilk screen\h
a printing process in which the ink is pressed through a stencil in the form of specially prepared fine material, originally silk.
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\Hsilkworm\h
\Pnoun\p a caterpillar which spins a soft cocoon of fine silk threads.
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\Hsilky oak\h
See \Jgrevillea\j\b\i.
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\Hsill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a horizontal piece of wood or stone across the bottom of a door, window, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a sheet of lava, which has solidified between layers of other rock.
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\Hsilly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showing a lack of good sense.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the blow knocked me \Isilly\j\b\i' (= stunned, dazed).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i (of a fielding position) very close to the batsman. \Bsilly\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a silly person. Middle English \Isely\j\b\i happy
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\Hsilly season\h
the summer holiday season when journalists short of copy traditionally fill newspapers, television news programmes, etc. with exaggerated or sensationalised accounts of trivial events.
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\Hsilo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-lo \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsilos\j\b\i
\CX12.\j\b\i a large, tower-like building in which grain or fodder is stored.
\CX12.\j\b\i an underground launching place for ballistic missiles. Greek \Isiros\j\b\i a pit to keep grain in
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\Hsilt\h
\Pnoun\p an earthy deposit laid down by a river, lake, etc. which is finer than sand but coarser than clay.
\Bsilt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bsilt up\j\b\i, to fill or become filled with silt.
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\HSilurian\h
\Isay\j\b\i sil-\CX1yoo\j\b\irian \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jpalaeozoic\j\b\i.
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\Hsilvan\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsylvan\j\b\i.
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\Hsilver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 47, a ductile, malleable metal, a good conductor of heat and electricity. It is used for making mirrors, coins and ornaments and its light-sensitive compounds are used in photography. See \Jtransition\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lustrous white or whitish-grey colour.
\CX13.\j\b\i any objects, such as goblets, cutlery, etc., which are made of silver.
\CX14.\j\b\i loose change.
\Bsilver\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of, made of or containing silver.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the colour of silver.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Isilver\j\b\i notes of a soprano voice' (= clear and ringing).
b) 'he charmed us all with his \Isilver\j\b\i tongue' (= eloquent, persuasive).
\CX13.\j\b\i of or designating a 25th anniversary: 'a \Isilver\j\b\i jubilee'.
\Bsilver\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to coat or plate with silver or a silver-like substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become the colour of silver. \Bsilvery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sil\j\b\iva-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) covered with or containing silver, b) having the colour or lustre of silver, c) having a soft, clear ringing sound; \Bsilveriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsilver beet\h
a vegetable with large, crinkled, green leaves.
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\Hsilverfish\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsilverfish\j\b\i
a primitive, wingless insect which feeds on paper, sugar, starch, etc.
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\Hsilver foil\h
See \Jaluminium foil\j\b\i.
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\Hsilver plate\h
a thin, silver coating applied to another metal surface. \Bsilver-plate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsilverside\h
\Pnoun\p the corned upper side of a round of beef, often eaten boiled or pressed.
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\Hsilversmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes and repairs articles of silver.
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\Hsilverware\h
\Pnoun\p any articles, such as candlesticks, etc., which are made of silver.
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\Hsilvery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sil\j\b\iva-ree \Padjective\p See \Jsilver\j\b\i.
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\Hsimian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\ii-an \Padjective\p of or relating to monkeys. Greek \Isimos\j\b\i snub-nosed
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\Hsimilar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\ii-la \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i close or related in appearance, nature, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i relating to figures with equal angles and proportional sides. \Bsimilarly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsimilarity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i simmi-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being similar, b) a point of likeness.
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\Hsimile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\ii-lee \Pnoun\p a figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared using 'like' or 'as'. \IExample\j\b\i: he chattered like a magpie. Compare \Jmetaphor\j\b\i. Latin \Isimilis\j\b\i like
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cook gently just below boiling point.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be filled with suppressed emotion.
\Bsimmer down\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to become calm or calmer. \Bsimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ma-nee \Pnoun\p the buying and selling of church offices. after \ISimon Magus\j\b\i who tried to buy apostolic powers
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\Hsimper\h
\Pverb\p to smile in a silly or self-conscious way. \Bsimper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsimperer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who simpers; \Bsimperingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsimple\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i easy: 'it was a \Isimple\j\b\i test and everyone passed'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having one part only: 'a \Isimple\j\b\i leaf'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her \Isimple\j\b\i style of writing is very popular' (= not elaborate, unaffected).
b) 'a \Isimple\j\b\i cottage' (= not complicated).
c) 'a \Isimple\j\b\i cold' (= ordinary).
d) 'how \Isimple\j\b\i you are to be talked into such a thing' (= ignorant, silly). \Bsimplicity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sim-\CX1pliss\j\b\ii-tee), \Bsimpleness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bsimplify\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\ipli-fie), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make simple or more simple; \Bsimplification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bsimple, simplistic\j\b\i are often confused. A \Isimple\j\b\i (not elaborate or complicated) solution to a problem is very different from a \Isimplistic\j\b\i (too simple to be accurate) one. The \Isimple\j\b\i solution suggests an easy, uncomplicated and convenient way of solving a problem; whereas a \Isimplistic\j\b\i solution may not be at all appropriate or adequate.
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\Hsimple fraction\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfraction\j\b\i.
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\Hsimple harmonic motion\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the movement of a body, such as a pendulum or weighted spring, about a central point so that its acceleration towards that point is proportional to the distance from it.
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\Hsimple interest\h
See \Jinterest\j\b\i.
#
\Hsimple-minded\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i artless or unsophisticated.
\CX12.\j\b\i mentally deficient.
#
\Hsimpleton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\i-p'l-t'n \Pnoun\p a silly or ignorant person.
#
\Hsimplicity\h
\Isay\j\b\i sim-\CX1pliss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p See \Jsimple\j\b\i.
#
\Hsimplify\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\ipli-fie \Pverb\p See \Jsimple\j\b\i.
#
\Hsimplistic\h
\Padjective\p adopting an over-simple or unsophisticated approach to a complex problem. \Bsimplistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jsimple\j\b\i.
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\Hsimply\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i in a simple manner: 'the catering was done \Isimply\j\b\i but quite adequately'.
\CX12.\j\b\i merely or only: 'it is \Isimply\j\b\i a question of money'.
\CX13.\j\b\i absolutely: 'it is \Isimply\j\b\i ridiculous to try such a scheme'.
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\Hsimulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to imitate: 'we \Isimulated\j\b\i real conditions for the experiment'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Isimulated\j\b\i enthusiasm' (= pretended). \Bsimulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsimulator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that simulates. Latin \Isimilis\j\b\i like
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\Hsimulcast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\i'l-cast \Pnoun\p a program broadcast on television and radio at the same time. \Bsimulcast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. from \Bsimul\j\b\i(taneous broad)cast\j\b\i
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\Hsimultaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i simm'l-\CX1tay\j\b\ini-us \Padjective\p happening, existing or done at the same time. \Bsimultaneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsimultaneousness\j\b\i, \Bsimultaneity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i simm'l-ta-\CX1nee\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isimul\j\b\i at the same time
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\Hsimultaneous equations\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a group of algebraic equations which are all satisfied by the same sets of values of the variables. \IExample:\j\b\i 2\Ix\j\b\i + \Iy\j\b\i = 4, \Ix\j\b\i + 2\Iy\j\b\i = 5 and \Ix\j\b\i{\up6 2\j\b\i + \Iy\j\b\i = 3 are simultaneous equations where \Ix\j\b\i = 1 and \Iy\j\b\i = 2.
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\Hsin (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an offence or fault, especially against moral or religious laws
\Blive in sin\j\b\i, (of an unmarried couple) to live together.
\Boriginal sin\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i mankind's natural tendency to commit sin, considered to be the inherited result of Adam's disobedience. \Bsin\j\b\i (\Bsinned\j\b\i, \Bsinning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsinner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsinful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wrong or wrongful; \Bsinfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsinfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsin (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sine \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jsine\j\b\i.
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\Hsince\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i between a particular past time and the present: 'he went overseas and I have not heard from him \Isince\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in the past: 'I had long \Isince\j\b\i forgotten our quarrel'.
\Bever since\j\b\i, from then until now.
\Bsince\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
after or during the time after: 'we have been working \Isince\j\b\i daybreak'.
\Bsince\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in the period following the time when: 'he has not written \Isince\j\b\i he went overseas'.
\CX12.\j\b\i because: '\Isince\j\b\i it is late I shall go home now'.
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\Hsincere\h
\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1seer\j\b\i \Padjective\p (of feelings, behaviour, etc.) free from pretence, deceit, etc. \Bsincerely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsincerity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1serr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isincerus\j\b\i clean, untainted
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\Hsine\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bsin\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i. Latin \Isinus\j\b\i a curve
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\Hsinecure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-ne-kewer \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-ekewer \Pnoun\p a position or office which requires little or no work but yields profitable returns. Latin \Isine cura\j\b\i without a care
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\Hsine die\h
\Isay\j\b\i sinni \CX1dee\j\b\i-ay \ILaw:\j\b\i with no date announced for reassembly or resumption: 'the court adjourned \Isine die\j\b\i'. Latin, without a day (mentioned)
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\Hsine qua non\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ii kwa non something which is essential. Latin, without which not
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\Hsinew\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tendon.
\CX12.\j\b\i strength or vigour. \Bsinewy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsine wave\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a wave-shaped graph of a function given by the formula \Iy\j\b\i = \Ia\j\b\i sin \Ix\j\b\i.
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\Hsinfonia\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a symphony.
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\Hsinful\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsin (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsing\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsang\j\b\i or \Bsung\j\b\i, \Bsung\j\b\i, \Bsinging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make musical sounds with the voice.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a humming or buzzing sound: 'my ears are \Isinging\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to proclaim enthusiastically: 'to \Ising\j\b\i someone's praises'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to inform against: 'the robber was worried that his accomplice might \Ising\j\b\i to the police'.
\Bsing out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to shout. \Bsinger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to burn slightly, as in order to remove the ends of hair, etc. \Bsinge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsingle\h
\Padjective\p separate or being one only: a) 'not a \Isingle\j\b\i person arrived'; b) 'every \Isingle\j\b\i seat was empty'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Isingle\j\b\i person with a cat rented the flat' (= unmarried).
b) 'the room contained two \Isingle\j\b\i beds and a divan' (= for one person).
c) 'she bought a \Isingle\j\b\i ticket for the city' (= for one trip or direction only).
\Bsingle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bsingle out\j\b\i, to choose or pick out from others.
\Bsingle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a single thing, e.g. a hit for one run at cricket or a one-way rail ticket.
\CX12.\j\b\i a room in a hotel, etc. for one person.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i a record played at 45 revolutions per minute, usually 17.46 cm in diameter. Also called a \Bforty-five\j\b\i. Compare \Jextended play\j\b\i and \Blong play\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a game of tennis, etc. between two players. \Bsingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) one by one, b) by oneself; \Bsingleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsingle-action\h
\Padjective\p (of a firearm) needing the hammer cocked before it can be fired.
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\Hsingle-breasted\h
\Padjective\p having flaps fastened with one row of buttons, as certain coats, etc. Compare \Jdouble-breasted\j\b\i.
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\Hsingle file\h
also called \BIndian file\j\b\i
a line of people or things arranged one behind the other.
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\Hsingle-handed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i working or done alone or unaided.
\CX12.\j\b\i having or requiring the use of only one hand or person. \Bsingle-handedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsingle-minded\h
\Padjective\p devoted exclusively to one cause, interest, etc. \Bsingle-mindedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsingle-mindedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsinglet\h
\Pnoun\p a short-sleeved or sleeveless garment with a round neck, worn as a shirt or vest.
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\Hsingleton\h
\Pnoun\p something occurring singly, especially a playing card which is the only one of a suit in a hand.
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\Hsingly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jsingle\j\b\i.
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\Hsingsong\h
\Padjective\p having a regular, often monotonous, rising and falling rhythm, intonation, etc.
\Bsingsong\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an informal gathering at which everyone sings.
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\Hsingular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sing\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i extraordinary, strange or remarkable: 'the Christmas party was a \Isingular\j\b\i success'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i (of a word) expressing only one. \IExample\j\b\i: \II\j\b\i went to buy a \Ibook\j\b\i. \Bsingularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsingularity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sing-yoo-\CX1larr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isingularis\j\b\i alone, unique
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\Hsinister\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\iista \Padjective\p suggesting or threatening evil. Latin, on the left, ill-omened
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\Hsink\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsank\j\b\i or \Bsunk\j\b\i, \Bsunk\j\b\i or \Bsunken\j\b\i, \Bsinking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to go or cause to go below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fall slowly: 'she \Isank\j\b\i weakly to her knees'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit the ball directly into the hole, etc.: 'to \Isink\j\b\i a putt'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Isink\j\b\i a well' (= drill, dig).
b) 'the sick man \Isank\j\b\i fast' (= became weaker).
c) 'prices \Isank\j\b\i during the depression' (= fell).
d) 'her face \Isank\j\b\i at the news' (= became depressed).
e) 'he \Isank\j\b\i his money into the worthless shares' (= invested).
\Bsink in\j\b\i, to be understood.
\Bsink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a basin, usually connected to a water supply and drain, and often set into a bench, used for washing dishes, etc. \Bsinkable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsinker\h
\Pnoun\p a weight attached to a fishing line or net to make it sink in the water.
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\Hsinkhole\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bswallow-hole\j\b\i
a hole formed in soluble rock by the action of water, which conducts surface water to an underground passage.
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\Hsinking fund\h
a fund formed from annual income left to accumulate interest and used eventually to reduce a debt or replace equipment.
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\Hsinner\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsin (1)\j\b\i.
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\HSino-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-no a prefix meaning Chinese: 'the \ISino-Soviet\j\b\i border'. Greek \ISinai\j\b\i the Chinese
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\Hsinuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p having many bends or curves.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Isinuous\j\b\i arm movements' (= supple). \Bsinuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsinus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-nus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsinuses\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any cavity within a bone, especially one of those within the nose and face.
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\Hsinusitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i sigh-na-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p an inflammation, often chronic, of the sinuses. \Bsinus\j\b\i + \B-itis\j\b\i
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\Hsip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsipped\j\b\i, \Bsipping\j\b\i)
to drink a little at a time. \Bsip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsiphon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-f'n \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bsyphon\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a piece of tube through which a liquid may flow up over the wall of its container and down to a lower level by atmospheric pressure.
\CX12.\j\b\i a soda siphon. \Bsiphon\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to pass through a siphon, b) to draw off or remove from a larger source.
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\Hsir\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a respectful form of address used to a man.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a title for a knight, etc.
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\Hsire\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i fire \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the male parent, especially of horses and dogs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a form of address formerly used to a monarch.
\Bsire\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(of a male) to produce offspring.
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\Hsiren\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-r'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various devices, e.g. on an ambulance, that produce a loud, wailing sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i any alluring or seductive woman. from the \ISirens\j\b\i, a group of sea nymphs in Greek mythology who lured sailors to shipwreck by their sweet singing
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\Hsirloin\h
\Pnoun\p a choice cut of beef from the upper part of the loin. French \Isur\j\b\i over + \Bloin\j\b\i
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\Hsisal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p a fibre made from the stems of a cactus-like plant and used for ropes.
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\Hsissy\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jcissy\j\b\i.
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\Hsister\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a daughter of the same parents as another child (a \Bfull sister\j\b\i), or having only one parent the same as another child (a \Bhalf-sister\j\b\i).
\CX12.\j\b\i any female who has a close bond with another.
\CX13.\j\b\i a woman belonging to a religious order.
\CX14.\j\b\i a senior nurse. \Bsisterly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsisterhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsister-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsisters-in-law\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the sister of one's husband or wife.
\CX12.\j\b\i the wife of one's brother.
\CX13.\j\b\i the wife of a husband's or wife's brother.
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\Hsit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsat\j\b\i, \Bsitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to rest with the body supported upon the buttocks. b) to cause to sit: 'I \Isat\j\b\i the child in the chair'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be in session: 'parliament \Isat\j\b\i every day last week'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to baby-sit.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'when the artist's model was sick I \Isat\j\b\i for him' (= posed).
b) 'the bird was \Isitting\j\b\i on a branch' (= perching).
c) 'this skirt does not \Isit\j\b\i properly' (= fit, hang).
d) 'did you \Isit\j\b\i for the exam?' (= enter as a candidate).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe sitting pretty\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be established in comfort or at an advantage.
\Bsit back\j\b\i, to take no action.
\Bsit down\j\b\i, to sit after standing.
\Bsit for\j\b\i, to be the member of parliament for.
\Bsit in on\j\b\i, to take part as an observer or visitor.
\Bsit on\j\b\i, a) to snub; b) to delay (a project).
\Bsit out\j\b\i, a) to stay until the end; b) 'I \Isat out\j\b\i while they danced' (= took no part).
\Bsit tight\j\b\i, to bide one's time.
\Bsit up\j\b\i, a) to raise oneself from a lying position; b) to remain awake or out of bed; c) to become interested and alert.
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\Hsitar\h
\Isay\j\b\i see-\CX1tar\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a guitar-like, Indian musical instrument with a main set of strings and a second group which provides resonance.
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\Hsitcom\h
\Pnoun\p a comedy series on television or radio involving the same group of characters in everyday situations. short form of \Isituation comedy\j\b\i
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\Hsit-down strike\h
a strike in which those taking part refuse either to work or leave their place of employment, etc. until their demands are satisfied.
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\Hsite\h
\Pnoun\p a particular place or piece of land used or set aside for a special purpose. \Bsite\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to locate or place.
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\Hsit-in\h
\Pnoun\p an organised passive protest in which workers or demonstrators sit down in a place normally prohibited to them and refuse to move.
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\Hsitter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who sits: 'a \Ibaby-sitter\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is easily accomplished.
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\Hsitting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a period of remaining seated, such as when posing for a portrait.
\CX12.\j\b\i a session of a parliament, court, etc.
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\Hsitting duck\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is an easy target or victim.
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\Hsitting room\h
a living room.
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\Hsituate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sit\j\b\i-yoo-ate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to give a particular place to.
\CX12.\j\b\i to place in a particular condition or circumstances: 'how are you \Isituated\j\b\i financially?'.
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\Hsituation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sit-yoo-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a location: 'the \Isituation\j\b\i of the new house is very beautiful'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of affairs: 'the present \Isituation\j\b\i could easily lead to war'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a job: 'I am applying for a \Isituation\j\b\i with the bank'.
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\HSI unit\h
a unit of the International System of units, in which the units for all quantities are interrelated and derived from seven base units, namely: metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela.
Unlike most words in our language, the definitions of the SI units have been chosen by an international committee. The object of the choice is to relate each unit to a phenomenon which can be reproduced in a standards laboratory anywhere in the world. No such definition has yet been agreed on for the \Bkilogram\j\b\i, which is therefore still defined as a mass equal to that of the International Prototype Kilogram held in France. The others, however, are all now defined independently of a protoype:
the \Bmetre\j\b\i, the \Bsecond\j\b\i and the \Bcandela\j\b\i are defined in terms of the wavelength, period and luminous intensity of radiation produced under specified circumstances.
the \Bampere\j\b\i is defined in terms of the force produced by the passage of a current through two parallel conductors under specified circumstances.
the \Bmole\j\b\i is defined as an amount of substance containing the same number of atoms or molecules as 12 g of the carbon-12 isotope.
the \Bkelvin\j\b\i is defined, like the degree Celsius, in terms of the properties of water, but the kelvin is [***1/273.16] of the triple point of water. French \Bs\j\b\i(ystΦme) \Bi\j\b\i(nternational d') \Bunit\j\b\i(Θs)
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\Hsix\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 6 in Arabic numerals, VI in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a score of six runs, obtained by a batsman hitting the ball over the boundary of the field without it bouncing.
\Bat sixes and sevens\j\b\i, in disorder or confusion. \Bsix\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsixth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsixpence\h
\Pnoun\p a) six pennies. b) a coin of this value.
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\Hsix-shooter\h
\Pnoun\p a revolver with 6 chambers.
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\Hsixteen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 16 in Arabic numerals, XVI in Roman numerals. \Bsixteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsixteenth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsixth sense\h
intuition or perception beyond the five senses.
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\Hsixty\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsixties\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 60 in Arabic numerals, LX in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 60 to 69 in a series, such as the years within a century.
\Bthe 64 000 dollar question\j\b\i, the crucial or most difficult question, originally in a quiz programme. \Bsixty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsixtieth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsize (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of space taken up by something: 'what \Isize\j\b\i is the land?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of the measured categories into which manufactured articles are divided: 'what \Isize\j\b\i are your shoes?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is more concerned with \Isize\j\b\i than quality' (= largeness).
b) 'that is about the \Isize\j\b\i of the matter' (= actual condition).
\Bsize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or sort according to size.
\Bsize up\j\b\i, to form a judgment or opinion about.
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\Hsize (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various glues or starches used for mixing paints, sealing surfaces, etc. \Bsize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to coat or treat with size.
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\Hsizeable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1size\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p of considerable size: 'he has a \Isizeable\j\b\i fortune'. \Bsizeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsizzle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a hissing sound, as in frying or burning.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be very hot. \Bsizzle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the sound of sizzling; \Bsizzler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hskate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a device consisting of a two-edged blade, wheels, etc., attached to the underside of a shoe or boot for moving over a smooth surface: 'an \Iice-skate\j\b\i'.
\Bskate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move about on ice-skates or roller-skates, or in a similar manner.
\Bskate over\j\b\i, \Bskate around\j\b\i, to avoid in conversation etc. \Bskater\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hskate (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of flat, edible rays, with a blunt tail and a pointed snout.
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\Hskateboard\h
\Pnoun\p a flat board with wheels for skating, particularly on sloping surfaces. \Bskate\j\b\i + \Bboard\j\b\i
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\Hskedaddle\h
\Isay\j\b\i ske-\CX1dadd\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to run away.
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\Hskein\h
\Isay\j\b\i skane \Pnoun\p a length of thread or yarn wound into a coil.
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\Hskeleton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skell\j\b\ia-t'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the framework of bones of the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i any supporting framework.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a very thin or bony person or animal.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the author prepared a rough \Iskeleton\j\b\i of his next book' (= outline).
\Bskeleton in the cupboard\j\b\i, a fact which is kept secret because it may cause shame or embarrassment.
\Bskeleton\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
forming a nucleus: 'she employed a \Iskeleton\j\b\i staff'. \Bskeletal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skell\j\b\ii-t'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Iskeletos\j\b\i dried up
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\Hskeleton key\h
also called a \Bmaster key\j\b\i
a key which fits various locks which usually require separate keys.
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\Hskeptic\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsceptic\j\b\i.
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\Hskerrick\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a very small amount.
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\Hsketch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hastily or roughly drawn picture, etc., especially a preliminary one giving an outline but no details.
\CX12.\j\b\i any rough or brief outline, e.g. of a story, incident or plan.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short, comic play, etc. \Bsketch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsketchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) giving only outlines, b) incomplete or superficial; \Bsketchily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsketchiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Iskhedios\j\b\i impromptu
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\Hskew\h
\Padjective\p having an oblique direction or position. \Bskew\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to move or cause to move at an angle.
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\Hskewbald\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skew\j\b\i-bawld \Padjective\p having patches of different colours, especially brown and white. Compare \Jpiebald\j\b\i. \Bskewbald\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a skewbald animal, especially a horse.
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\Hskewer\h
\Pnoun\p a long pin of wood or metal, especially one put through meat during cooking to hold it in shape, etc. \Bskewer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hski\h
\Isay\j\b\i skee \Pnoun\p a long narrow strip of wood, metal or plastic turned up at the front and usually attached to a boot, etc. for travelling over snow or water. \Bski\j\b\i (\Bskied\j\b\i, \Bskiing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to travel on or use skis; \Bskier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Norwegian
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\Hskid\h
\Pverb\p (\Bskidded\j\b\i, \Bskidding\j\b\i)
to slide or slip sideways due to loss of traction, e.g. when a vehicle turns a corner.
\Bskid\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of skidding over a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i a runner on the underpart of a sledge, aircraft, etc.
\Bon the skids\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) on the way to ruin or disaster.
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\Hskiff\h
\Pnoun\p a light racing boat for one sculler.
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\Hskiffle\h
\Pnoun\p a style of music based on American jazz or folk songs and played on a variety of non-standard instruments.
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\Hski-lift\h
\Pnoun\p any form of rope, tow or lift to take skiers up a mountain, such as a \BT-bar\j\b\i which supports a skier while his or her skis run over the snow.
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\Hskill\h
\Pnoun\p an ability to do something well, due to knowledge, practice, training, etc. \Bskilful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing skill; \Bskilfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bskilfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bskilled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, trained or experienced.
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\Hskillet\h
\Pnoun\p a frying pan.
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\Hskillion\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i an outbuilding.
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\Hskim\h
\Pverb\p (\Bskimmed\j\b\i, \Bskimming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or glide lightly over or along a surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iskimmed\j\b\i over her essay before handing it to the teacher' (= read superficially).
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove any floating matter from a liquid with a spoon, etc. \Bskimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that skims, such as a ladle-like utensil with holes, used to skim fat, etc. from liquids.
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\Hskim milk\h
short form of \Bskimmed milk\j\b\i
the milk from which the cream has been removed.
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\Hskimp\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to use sparingly or be frugal.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do hastily or inattentively. \Bskimpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not big enough, b) mean; \Bskimpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bskimpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hskin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the external covering of an animal body, fruit, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any layer or coating on a surface: 'a \Iskin\j\b\i formed on the boiling milk'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i the financial reward accrued on each hole until there is a winner.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget under one's skin\j\b\i, to have an irresistible or infuriating effect on.
\Bjump out of one's skin\j\b\i, to be very frightened or surprised.
\Bsave one's skin\j\b\i, to escape harm.
\Bskin and bones\j\b\i, emaciated.
\Bskin\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bskinned\j\b\i, \Bskinning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to remove skin from: 'to \Iskin\j\b\i a rabbit'. b) to cut or injure the skin or surface of: 'to fall and \Iskin\j\b\i one's knee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to strip of money or belongings.
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\Hskin-deep\h
\Padjective\p slight or superficial.
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\Hskin-diver\h
\Pnoun\p a person equipped with an aqualung, etc. for swimming under water. \Bskin-dive\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hskinflint\h
\Pnoun\p a mean, extremely frugal person.
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\Hskinhead\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person, usually a member of a group or gang, with hair cut close to the head and sometimes engaging in aggressive acts.
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\Hskinny\h
\Padjective\p very thin.
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\Hskint\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) with no money at all.
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\Hskin-tight\h
\Padjective\p fitting as tightly as skin.
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\Hskip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bskipped\j\b\i, \Bskipping\j\b\i)
to jump lightly, as over a skipping-rope.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'please don't \Iskip\j\b\i the interesting parts' (= leave out).
b) 'the robbers had \Iskipped\j\b\i the country' (= left hastily).
c) 'he \Iskipped\j\b\i through the first pages' (= passed without attention to details). \Bskip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bskipper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that skips.
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\Hskip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a container attached to a crane, etc. for transporting materials in building or mining operations.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large rubbish container designed to be picked up by a special truck.
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\Hski-plane\h
\Pnoun\p an aeroplane fitted with skis to enable it to land on snow or ice.
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\Hskipper (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a captain or leader.
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\Hskipper (2)\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jskip (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hskipping-rope\h
\Pnoun\p a rope which one or more people hold, swinging it in a loop and jumping over it.
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\Hskirmish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sker\j\b\imish \Pnoun\p a minor, especially an unexpected, encounter with enemy forces.
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\Hskirt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of clothing which wraps around the lower half of the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cut of meat taken from below the fillet, used in steak pies, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a woman: 'she's not a bad bit of \Iskirt\j\b\i'.
\Bskirt\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to lie on or along the border of: 'our land \Iskirts\j\b\i the river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pass or go around: 'we \Iskirted\j\b\i the city to avoid the traffic'.
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\Hskirting board\h
a protective strip of wood set around the base of a wall where it joins the floor.
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\Hskirtings\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i the inferior parts of a sheep's fleece.
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\Hskit\h
\Pnoun\p a short play or piece of writing which makes fun of a person or event.
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\Hskite\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to boast or brag. \Bskite\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who skites.
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\Hskittish\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a horse) nervous.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a woman) (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) flirtatious or frivolous. \Bskittishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bskittishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hskittle\h
\Pverb\p to knock over or send flying.
\Bskittle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a wooden pin, as used in tenpin bowling.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a bowling game in which such pins are used.
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\Hskivvy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, cotton shirt with a polo-neck and long sleeves.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a female servant, especially one doing heavy work.
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\Hskua\h
\Pnoun\p any of various gull-like predatory sea-birds which chase other birds until they disgorge their catch of fish.
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\Hskulduggery\h
\Pnoun\p any mean dishonesty or trickery.
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\Hskulk\h
\Pverb\p to move about stealthily, sneak away, lurk or shirk.
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\Hskull\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the framework of fused bones forming the head of animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the head considered as the source of intelligence, etc.
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\Hskull and crossbones\h
a representation of the human skull above two crossed bones, formerly used by pirates as a symbol of death.
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\Hskullcap\h
\Pnoun\p a small, closely fitting cap.
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\Hskunk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small, black, North American mammal with a white stripe down its back, noted for the strong-smelling liquid it ejects when in danger. b) the fur of this animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thoroughly contemptible person.
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\Hsky\h
\Pnoun\p the upper air, seen as blue where there are no clouds.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthe sky's the limit\j\b\i, there is no limit.
\Bto the skies\j\b\i, 'the critics praised his new play \Ito the skies\j\b\i' (= highly, extravagantly).
\Bsky\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bskyed\j\b\i, \Bskying\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to strike or raise high into the air.
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\Hsky-diving\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of jumping from an aircraft, and opening the parachute late in descent. \Bsky-diver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsky-dive\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hsky-high\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p very high.
#
\Hskyjack\h
\Pverb\p to hijack an aircraft. \Bskyjacker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hskylark (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a European lark which sings in flight.
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\Hskylark (2)\h
\Pverb\p to frolic boisterously or in high spirits.
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\Hskylight\h
\Pnoun\p an opening in a roof, often with glass set into it, to let in light.
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\Hskyline\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the boundary line between earth and sky; the apparent horizon.
\CX12.\j\b\i the outline of something seen against the sky.
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\Hskyrocket\h
\Pnoun\p a firework in the shape of a rocket.
\Bskyrocket\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to rise quickly and suddenly: 'prices \Iskyrocketed\j\b\i'.
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\Hskyscraper\h
\Pnoun\p a very tall multistorey building.
#
\Hskyward\h
\Padjective\p directed or tending towards the sky. \Bskywards\j\b\i, \Bskyward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hskywriting\h
\Pnoun\p any writing made in the sky by smoke released from an aeroplane.
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\Hslab\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a broad, flat piece of stone, wood, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'for lunch we had \Islabs\j\b\i of bread with jam' (= thick slices).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a grouping of 24 beer cans.
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\Hslack (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not tense or taut, as of rope.
\CX12.\j\b\i sluggish, as of tide, wind, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was scolded for producing such \Islack\j\b\i work' (= careless, lazy).
b) 'trade was \Islack\j\b\i after the Christmas rush' (= dull, inactive).
\Bslack\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a loose or slack part or portion of something, such as a rope, sail, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a period of little activity.
\Bslack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to shirk a duty, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to slacken or relax. \Bslackly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslackness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslack (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the fine refuse of coal.
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\Hslacken\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to loosen: '\Islacken\j\b\i the rope or it will break'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become less active, intense, etc.: '\Islacken\j\b\i speed so that I can catch up'.
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\Hslacker\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a lazy person.
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\Hslacks\h
plural \Pnoun\p trousers.
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\Hslag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any non-metallic residue obtained during the smelting of metal ores.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the scoria from a volcano.
\CX13.\j\b\i waste matter from mining. \Bslagheap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mound of waste matter from mining or a similar process.
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\Hslain\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bslay\j\b\i.
#
\Hslake\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to satisfy or partly satisfy a desire, thirst, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to add water to lime to form calcium hydroxide (called \Bslaked lime\j\b\i).
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\Hslalom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slay\j\b\i-l'm \Pnoun\p the art of racing in and out of a line of posts or other obstacles, as in skiing. Norwegian, sloping track
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\Hslam (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslammed\j\b\i, \Bslamming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to shut violently and noisily: 'she \Islammed\j\b\i the door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put or knock down violently and noisily: 'she \Islammed\j\b\i the books onto the table'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the critics \Islammed\j\b\i my new book' (= criticised severely).
\Bslam\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a violent and noisy closing or impact.
#
\Hslam (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i the winning of all the tricks (called a \Bgrand slam\j\b\i) or all but one (called a \Bsmall slam\j\b\i) at whist, bridge, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i the winning of all major international tournaments (called a \Bgrand slam\j\b\i in one year.
#
\Hslander\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a false spoken statement against another person. Compare \Jlibel\j\b\i. \Bslander\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bslanderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who slanders; \Bslanderous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bslanderously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bslander, libel\j\b\i both relate to the public expression of sentiments that are harmful to the reputations of other people. \ISlander\j\b\i is the \Pverb\pal, vocal form of these insults; \Ilibel\j\b\i is their written form: 'what they have said about me is pure \Islander\j\b\i, and what they have written is pure \Ilibel\j\b\i!'.
#
\Hslang\h
\Pnoun\p the form of a language consisting of words in popular, current, informal use, as distinct from the formal, established language. Compare \Jcolloquial\j\b\i. \Bslangy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hslanging match\h
an exchange of insults or abuse.
#
\Hslant\h
\Isay\j\b\i slahnt \Pverb\p to slope or lean at an angle: 'my writing \Islants\j\b\i forwards'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the story was \Islanted\j\b\i to make him appear guilty' (= distorted).
\Bslant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a lean or slope: 'the \Islant\j\b\i of a roof'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the news gave a new \Islant\j\b\i to the situation' (= point of view, aspect).
#
\Hslap\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslapped\j\b\i, \Bslapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike or smack, especially with the open hand: 'he \Islapped\j\b\i my face'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put down loudly and forcefully: 'he \Islapped\j\b\i his wallet onto the counter'.
\Bslap\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a smart blow or smack. b) the sound of such a blow.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bslap in the face\j\b\i, a rebuff or disappointment.
\Bslap on the back\j\b\i, congratulations.
\Bslap\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i exactly: '\Islap\j\b\i in the middle of the road'.
\CX12.\j\b\i straight: 'it hit me \Islap\j\b\i on the head'.
#
\Hslap-bang\h
\Padverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) suddenly or violently.
#
\Hslapdash\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p in a careless or hasty manner.
#
\Hslaphappy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) cheerfully carefree or irresponsible.
#
\Hslapstick\h
\Pnoun\p any form of entertainment based on practical jokes or loud and boisterous play-acting, e.g. between two circus clowns.
#
\Hslap-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) first-class.
#
\Hslash\h
\Pverb\p to cut with long, sweeping strokes: a) 'he \Islashed\j\b\i at the horse with a whip'; b) 'the chair has been \Islashed\j\b\i with a knife'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the new government \Islashed\j\b\i taxes' (= greatly reduced).
\Bslash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a sweeping stroke or cut. b) a gash made by such a stroke.
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\Hslat\h
\Pnoun\p a long, thin, narrow piece of wood, metal, etc., such as is used in venetian blinds.
#
\Hslate (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard, grey fine-grained rock, formed from compressed mudstone which splits easily into sheets.
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin sheet of slate used in overlapping rows to form a roof, to put in a frame to write on, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a dark, bluish-grey colour.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba clean slate\j\b\i, a good record.
\Bput on the slate\j\b\i, to record an amount for future payment.
\Bslate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cover with slates.
#
\Hslate (2)\h
\Pverb\p to criticise severely.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'why do the critics always \Islate\j\b\i my novels?'.
#
\Hslater\h
\Pnoun\p a wood louse.
#
\Hslather\h
\Pnoun\p \Bopen slather\j\b\i, an argument, contest, etc. in which anyone may participate.
#
\Hslattern\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a slovenly woman. \Bslatternly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hslaughter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slaw\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p the killing of animals, especially for food.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Islaughter\j\b\i of civilians in a war is tragic' (= brutal killing).
\Bslaughter\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to kill and cut up animals for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i to massacre.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we \Islaughtered\j\b\i our opponents in the game' (= thoroughly defeated). \Bslaughterous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, brutal or destructive.
#
\Hslaughterhouse\h
\Pnoun\p an abattoir.
#
\HSlav\h
\Isay\j\b\i slahv \Padjective\p Slavic of or relating to the people of eastern Europe, and their languages. \BSlav\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hslave\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who is the property or prisoner of another and who works without pay, rights, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is completely dominated by or in the power of another person, influence, etc.: 'a \Islave\j\b\i to fashion'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i an item of equipment which is dependent on a main computer.
\Bslave\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to work very hard: 'Jane \Islaved\j\b\i all night on her essay'.
\Bslave\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of a device which assists the action of a larger device: 'a \Islave\j\b\i piston'. \Bslaver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who owns or deals in slaves, b) a ship used to transport slaves; \Bslavery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the condition of being a slave, b) the practice of keeping slaves.
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\Hslavedriver\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who makes people work very hard.
\CX12.\j\b\i an overseer of slaves.
#
\Hslaver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slavv\j\b\ia \Pverb\p to slobber or dribble. \Bslaver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, saliva.
#
\Hslavish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slay\j\b\i-vish \Padjective\p of or like a slave: '\Islavish\j\b\i obedience to his every command'. \Bslavishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslavishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p shabby or dirty. \Bsleaze\j\b\i, (informal), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsled\h
\Pnoun\p a sledge, often used for transporting loads.
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\Hsledge (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a vehicle mounted on runners, used over snow and ice and drawn by huskies, etc. b) a smaller version of this to take one or two persons, used in the pastime of sliding down snowy slopes. Also called a \Btoboggan\j\b\i. \Bsledge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsledge (2)\h
\Pverb\p \ISport:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to speak insultingly to an opponent, especially during a cricket match.
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\Hsledge-hammer\h
\Pnoun\p a large, heavy hammer.
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\Hsleek\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i soft, smooth and glossy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a person) well-fed or well-groomed.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the new boss is a little too \Isleek\j\b\i in his manners' (= suave). \Bsleek\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to smooth or make sleek; \Bsleekly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsleekness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsleep\h
\Pnoun\p the condition or period during which the mind and body rest, and voluntary movements and full consciousness are suspended.
\Bsleep\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bslept\j\b\i, \Bsleeping\j\b\i)
to rest or repose in sleep.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this hotel \Isleeps\j\b\i 60 persons' (= has beds for).
b) 'I shall \Isleep\j\b\i in the open tonight' (= pass the night).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Blet sleeping dogs lie\j\b\i, to leave a situation as it is and not create trouble unnecessarily.
\Bsleep in\j\b\i, 'she's \Isleeping in\j\b\i this morning' (= staying in bed longer than usual).
\Bsleep it off\j\b\i, 'I'll go home and \Isleep it off\j\b\i' (= overcome the effects of alcohol, etc. with sleep).
\Bsleep on\j\b\i, 'I'll \Isleep on\j\b\i the problem' (= think about for a while).
\Bsleep with\j\b\i, to have sexual intercourse with. \Bsleepless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsleeplessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsleeplessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsleeper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or other animal that sleeps.
\CX12.\j\b\i a railway carriage with sleeping accommodation.
\CX13.\j\b\i a beam or slab forming part of the foundation for railway tracks.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which develops slowly but finally achieves great success, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i a ring worn in the ear after it has been pierced, to prevent the hole closing.
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\Hsleepily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jsleepy\j\b\i.
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\Hsleeping-bag\h
\Pnoun\p a long bag, often waterproof, for sleeping outdoors, etc.
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\Hsleeping partner\h
also called a \Bsilent partner\j\b\i
a person who puts money into a business but takes no active part in it.
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\Hsleeping-pill\h
\Pnoun\p any tablet taken to induce sleep.
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\Hsleeping sickness\h
a tropical African disease causing increasing lethargy and, if untreated, death; transmitted by the tsetse fly.
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\Hsleepout\h
\Pnoun\p an extra room, often used as a bedroom, attached to or separated from a house.
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\Hsleepwalker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who walks or performs other activities while asleep. \Bsleepwalk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsleepy\h
\Padjective\p ready or wishing to sleep.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this is a \Isleepy\j\b\i little town' (= quiet). \Bsleepily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsleepiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsleepyhead\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sleepy or inattentive person.
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\Hsleet\h
\Pnoun\p a mixture of falling rain and snow. \Bsleet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsleeve\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a garment which encloses all or part of the arm.
\CX12.\j\b\i something, such as the protective cover for a gramophone record, which fits over or encloses another thing. \Bsleeveless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsleigh\h
\Isay\j\b\i slay \Pnoun\p a sledge or sled primarily used to carry people as distinct from goods, and for sport: 'a horsedrawn \Isleigh\j\b\i'; 'a \Ibobsleigh\j\b\i'. \Bsleigh\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsleight of hand\h
\Isay\j\b\i slite of hand also called \Blegerdemain\j\b\i
any conjuring trick, such as making cards disappear, pulling rabbits out of hats, etc.
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\Hslender\h
\Padjective\p attractively thin: 'the \Islender\j\b\i stem of a wineglass'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I only had a \Islender\j\b\i chance of winning' (= small). \Bslenderly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslenderness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslept\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsleep\j\b\i.
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\Hsleuth\h
\Isay\j\b\i slooth \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a detective or investigator. Icelandic \Islodh\j\b\i track
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\Hslew (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sloo \Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bslay\j\b\i.
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\Hslew (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sloo \Pverb\p to twist or swerve around, especially without moving from one place.
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\Hslice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin, flat and wide piece cut off from something: 'a \Islice\j\b\i of bread'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any piece or portion: 'a \Islice\j\b\i of good luck'.
\CX13.\j\b\i any tool or utensil with a broad, flat blade: 'an \Ieggslice\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a stroke which causes the ball to spin away from the desired direction, e.g. to the right of a right-handed player. Compare \Jhook\j\b\i.
\Bslice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to cut up into slices.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the boat \Isliced\j\b\i through the waves' (= cut).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit a slice.
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\Hslick (1)\h
\Padjective\p suave: 'the \Islick\j\b\i talk of a politician'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that new suit looks \Islick\j\b\i' (= smart).
b) 'a \Islick\j\b\i business deal' (= shrewd, clever).
\Bslick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a smooth or slippery area, such as a film of oil on water. \Bslick\j\b\i, \Bslickly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bslickness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslick (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make sleek or smooth: 'to \Islick\j\b\i one's hair with oil'.
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\Hslicker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a slick person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person rather too smartly dressed.
\Bcity slicker\j\b\i, a smartly dressed person who is familiar with the ways of the city.
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\Hslide\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslid\j\b\i, \Bsliding\j\b\i)
to move smoothly over a polished or slippery surface: 'the car \Islid\j\b\i on the icy road'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Islid\j\b\i out of the back door' (= went quickly or quietly, without fuss).
b) 'he \Islid\j\b\i into bad habits' (= passed gradually).
c) 'he had let things \Islide\j\b\i' (= deteriorate, fall into neglect).
\Bslide\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sliding movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a structure with a smooth, sloping surface down which children may slide.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a positive image on film, usually in colour and projected on to a screen. Also called a \Btransparency\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i a small oblong piece of glass on which objects are placed for study under a microscope.
\CX15.\j\b\i something which slides, such as a clasp worn in the hair, a movable part in a musical instrument, etc.
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\Hslide rule\h
a device for calculations, consisting of two or more logarithmic scales which slide past each other on a rule.
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\Hsliding scale\h
a scale of prices, wages, etc. which may be varied in relation to other factors such as taxes or cost of living.
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\Hslight\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i small in amount, importance, etc.: 'a \Islight\j\b\i increase in salary'.
\CX12.\j\b\i slender or frail-looking: 'a young girl of \Islight\j\b\i build'.
\Bin the slightest\j\b\i, 'I'm not \Iin the slightest\j\b\i worried' (= at all).
\Bslight\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to snub or ignore: 'he felt \Islighted\j\b\i because I had no time for a chat'. \Bslight\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a snub or rebuff; \Bslightly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) to a small degree, b) slenderly; \Bslightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bslighting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, insulting; \Bslightingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hslim\h
\Padjective\p (of a person) not stout or heavy.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'your \Islim\j\b\i excuse isn't convincing' (= poor, insufficient).
b) 'a \Islim\j\b\i chance' (= small).
\Bslim\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bslimmed\j\b\i, \Bslimming\j\b\i)
to lose weight by dieting, etc. \Bslimly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslimness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bslim\j\b\i is now a complimentary word when used of people but originally it meant small, meagre or even inferior, being derived from Middle Dutch \Islim\j\b\i, slanting, awry, crooked. The sense of unfortunately small survives when it is applied to words such as 'chance' or 'hope'.
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\Hslime\h
\Pnoun\p a) soft, sticky, oozing mud. b) any thick, sticky fluid.
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\Hslime mould\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i a group of simple organisms having characteristics of both animals and plants.
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\Hslimy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slime\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p of, like or covered in slime.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that waiter is a \Islimy\j\b\i flatterer' (= unpleasantly servile). \Bslimily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsliminess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a loop or band by which something is suspended, such as the bandage supporting a broken arm.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strap with a string attached to each end from which a stone is hurled by whirling it around the head and releasing one of the strings.
\CX13.\j\b\i a net of rope slung from a crane and used in loading cargo.
\Bsling\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bslung\j\b\i, \Bslinging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to hurl or fling: 'stop \Islinging\j\b\i stones'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrange or support something so that it swings loosely: 'he \Islung\j\b\i the bag over his shoulder'.
\Bsling off\j\b\i, 'the officer \Islung off\j\b\i at the youngest of the troops' (= derided).
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\Hslingshot\h
\Pnoun\p a catapult.
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\Hslink\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslunk\j\b\i, \Bslinking\j\b\i)
to move in a secret, guilty or ashamed manner. \Bslinkingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hslinky\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) slender and flowing.
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\Hslip (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslipped\j\b\i, \Bslipping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to lose one's balance or foothold: 'I \Islipped\j\b\i and fell from the tree'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fall or escape by not being held firmly: a) 'the glass \Islipped\j\b\i from my hand'; b) 'the dog \Islipped\j\b\i its leash'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to move smoothly and gently: 'the boat \Islipped\j\b\i through the water'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'let's \Islip\j\b\i away from the party' (= go quickly or quietly, without fuss).
b) 'she \Islipped\j\b\i a note into my hand' (= put quietly).
c) 'the stock market \Islipped\j\b\i' (= declined).
\Bslip up\j\b\i, to be careless or make a mistake. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Bslip-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a mistake.
\Bslip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of slipping.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mistake, especially a careless one.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is easily slipped on or off: 'a \Ipillowslip\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a petticoat.
\CX15.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i a fielding position on the off-side close to and behind the wicket.
\CX16.\j\b\i a landslide, landslip.
\Bgive someone the slip\j\b\i, to escape from someone.
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\Hslip (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small piece of paper printed for a particular purpose: 'a bank deposit \Islip\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a part of a plant suitable for grafting or planting.
\Bslip of a\j\b\i, 'he's only a \Islip of a\j\b\i boy' (= slim or young).
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\Hslipknot\h
\Pnoun\p a knot which can slide along the piece of rope around which it is tied.
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\Hslipped disc\h
a painful condition caused by a disc between the spinal vertebrae becoming displaced and pressing on adjacent nerves, with sciatica as a common symptom.
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\Hslipper\h
\Pnoun\p a loose, light shoe for wearing in the house.
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\Hslippery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slipp\j\b\ia-ree \Padjective\p smooth and frictionless so as to cause slipping or sliding: 'I could not hold the \Islippery\j\b\i fish'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's a \Islippery\j\b\i rascal' (= untrustworthy). \Bslipperiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsliprail\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a railing in a fence which may be moved to act as a gate.
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\Hslipshod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slip\j\b\i-shod \Padjective\p careless or untidy.
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\Hslip-up\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jslip up\j\b\i under \Bslip (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hslipway\h
\Pnoun\p a ramp, between the shore and the water, from which boats may be launched or repaired.
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\Hslit\h
\Pnoun\p a long, narrow cut or opening.
\Bslit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bslit\j\b\i, \Bslitting\j\b\i)
to make a long cut or opening: 'she \Islit\j\b\i open the letter with a paperknife'.
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\Hslither\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to slide or slip unsteadily.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move as a snake does. \Bslither\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsliver\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slivv\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a small thin piece broken or split off from a larger piece. \Bsliver\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut or break off in slivers.
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\Hslob\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a clumsy, uncouth or untidy person.
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\Hslobber\h
\Pverb\p to let saliva, etc. run from the mouth. \Bslobber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, saliva; \Bslobbery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) unpleasantly wet, b) slobbering.
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\Hsloe-eyed\h
\Padjective\p having attractively dark, oval-shaped eyes.
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\Hslog\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslogged\j\b\i, \Bslogging\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to hit hard. b) to work hard and steadily. c) to trudge or walk heavily. \Bslog\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a strong heavy blow, b) hard work; \Bslogger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslogan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1slo\j\b\i-gun \Pnoun\p a distinctive, easily remembered phrase, used to advertise a product, political party, etc. Gaelic \Isluagh\j\b\i army + \Igairm\j\b\i cry
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\Hsloop\h
\Pnoun\p a yacht with one mast, a mainsail and one foresail.
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\Hslop\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslopped\j\b\i, \Bslopping\j\b\i)
to spill or splash.
\Bslop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Ioften plural\j\b\i) any dirty water or other liquid waste from a kitchen, etc.
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\Hslope\h
\Pverb\p to lean or be at an angle: 'the roof \Islopes\j\b\i downwards'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bslope arms\j\b\i, to move a rifle from ground to shoulder in military drill.
\Bslope off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go away, often sneakily.
\Bslope\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a sloping line. b) the degree of deviation of a line from the horizontal.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) an area of rising or falling ground: 'mountain \Islopes\j\b\i'. \Bslopingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsloppy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wet, muddy or slushy.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) careless or untidy. b) foolishly sentimental. \Bsloppily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsloppiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsloppy joe\h
a loose, thick jumper.
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\Hslosh\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to splash about in mud or slush.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit heavily. \Bslosh\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) slush, b) a heavy blow.
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\Hslot\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow groove or opening into which something is put or fitted.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the programme is scheduled for the midday time \Islot\j\b\i' (= particular position). \Bslot\j\b\i (\Bslotted\j\b\i, \Bslotting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a slot or slots in or for.
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\Hsloth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i laziness.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slow-moving South American mammal, noted for hanging upside down from tree branches. \Bslothful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bslothfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslothfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslot-machine\h
\Pnoun\p any coin-operated machine.
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\Hslouch\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ouch \Pverb\p to sit, stand or move with a lazy, drooping posture. \Bslouch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a slouching posture, b) (informal) a slovenly or slow performer.
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\Hslough (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p a swamp or a marshy area.
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\Hslough (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i sluf \Pverb\p to shed or cast off: 'snakes \Islough\j\b\i their outer layer of skin'. \Bslough\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a layer of dead skin or tissue.
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\Hslovenly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sluvv\j\b\i'n-lee \Padjective\p dirty, careless or untidy in dress, habits, etc. \Bsloven\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a slovenly person; \Bslovenliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Dutch \Islof\j\b\i careless
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\Hslow\h
\Isay\j\b\i slo \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i taking a comparatively long time: a) 'a \Islow\j\b\i train'; b) 'I'm a \Islow\j\b\i reader'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the clock is \Islow\j\b\i' (= behind the correct time).
b) 'the \Islow\j\b\i child had trouble reading' (= not quick to learn).
c) 'we left the party early as it was so \Islow\j\b\i' (= dull, uninteresting).
d) 'put the meat in a \Islow\j\b\i oven' (= only warm).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i (of a field, court, etc.) tending to make movement slow because the surface is wet.
\Bslow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become slow or slower. \Bslow\j\b\i, \Bslowly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bslowness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslowcoach\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is slow.
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\Hslow-motion\h
\Padjective\p relating to films in which the images move slowly, having been photographed at a greater number of frames per second than normal or being projected more slowly than normal.
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\Hslow-worm\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bblindworm\j\b\i
a snake-like lizard without legs.
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\Hsludge\h
\Isay\j\b\i sluj \Pnoun\p a) thick oozing mud or mire. b) any mud-like substance or deposit.
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\Hslug (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a slimy snail-like animal without a shell.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small metal bullet.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a serving of alcohol. \Bslug\j\b\i (\Bslugged\j\b\i, \Bslugging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to fire bullets into.
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\Hslug (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslugged\j\b\i, \Bslugging\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit very hard, especially with the fist. \Bslug\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a heavy blow with the fist.
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\Hsluggard\h
\Pnoun\p a lazy or slow-moving person.
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\Hsluggish\h
\Padjective\p moving or acting slowly and without energy. \Bsluggishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsluggishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsluice\h
\Isay\j\b\i sloose \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a channel which carries or controls a flow of water. Short form of \Bsluiceway\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a gate or valve used to control such a flow.
\Bsluice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to send a stream of water out, over or through.
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\Hslum\h
\Pnoun\p a) (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a dirty, poor and overcrowded section of a city. b) a squalid building, house, etc.
\Bslum\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bslummed\j\b\i, \Bslumming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to go visiting in a slum area.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to live at a low or degraded level. \Bslummy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hslumber\h
\Pverb\p to sleep.
\Bslumber\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Ioften plural\j\b\i) sleep, especially deep sleep. \Bslumberous\j\b\i, \Bslumbrous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) sleepy, b) causing sleep.
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\Hslump\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to fall or drop heavily: a) 'he \Islumped\j\b\i exhausted into a chair'; b) 'prices \Islumped\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to droop limply: '\Islumped\j\b\i over a book'. \Bslump\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a heavy or sudden fall.
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\Hslung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsling\j\b\i.
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\Hslunk\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bslink\j\b\i.
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\Hslur\h
\Pverb\p (\Bslurred\j\b\i, \Bslurring\j\b\i)
to \Ppronoun\pce words indistinctly by running them together.
\Bslur\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of slurring: 'he speaks with a \Islur\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a suggestion of disgrace; a stain: 'it's a \Islur\j\b\i on my good name'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a curved line over two or more notes, indicating that they should be played together, smoothly.
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\Hslurp\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to eat or drink noisily.
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\Hslurry\h
\Pnoun\p a thin watery mixture, especially of cement.
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\Hslush\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a soft mixture of water and melting snow. b) any soft or watery substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) silly or sentimental talk, writing, etc. \Bslushy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bslushiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hslush fund\h
a secret fund of money used to bribe officials, especially so as to gain orders and favours for an organisation.
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\Hslut\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a) a slattern b) a promiscuous woman. \Bsluttish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i secretive and cunning: 'a \Isly\j\b\i pickpocket'.
\CX12.\j\b\i playful or mischievous: '\Isly\j\b\i humour'.
\Bon the sly\j\b\i, secretly. \Bslyly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bslyness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsly grog\h
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) liqour sold illegally.
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\Hsmack (1)\h
\Pverb\p to strike sharply, especially with the palm of the hand.
\Bsmack one's lips\j\b\i, to make a loud, sharp sound with the lips, e.g. in enjoyment or anticipation.
\Bsmack\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a sharp, quick stroke or blow.
\CX12.\j\b\i a smacking of the lips.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a loud kiss.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) heroin.
\Bsmack in the eye\j\b\i, a rebuff.
\Bsmack\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
suddenly or sharply: 'the car ran \Ismack\j\b\i into a tree'. \Bsmacking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) strong or brisk, b) very big.
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\Hsmack (2)\h
\Pverb\p to have a trace or suggestion: 'your behaviour \Ismacks\j\b\i of insolence'. \Bsmack\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a slight flavour or trace.
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\Hsmack (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a small sailing boat, especially one used for fishing.
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\Hsmacker\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a dollar or pound.
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\Hsmall\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not large or great in size, amount, etc.: a) 'a \Ismall\j\b\i house'; b) 'there's still one \Ismall\j\b\i problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i doing things on a limited scale: a) 'a \Ismall\j\b\i shopkeeper'; b) 'he's only a \Ismall\j\b\i eater'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you have a \Ismall\j\b\i mind' (= mean, petty).
b) 'caught in the act of stealing, she felt really \Ismall\j\b\i' (= ashamed, humble).
\Bsmall change\j\b\i, coins of low value.
\Bsmall\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) underwear.
\Bthe small of the back\j\b\i, (of the body) the lower middle part of the back. \Bsmall\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, into small pieces; \Bsmallness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsmallish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rather small.
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\Hsmall arms\h
any firearms which can be carried, such as rifles, machine-guns, pistols, etc.
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\Hsmall fry\h
young or insignificant people or things.
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\Hsmallholding\h
\Pnoun\p a small farm. \Bsmallholder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmall hours\h
the early hours of the morning.
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\Hsmall intestine\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the long thin tube connecting the stomach and the caecum, divided into three parts, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
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\Hsmall-minded\h
\Padjective\p selfish or petty.
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\Hsmallpox\h
\Pnoun\p an infectious, viral disease causing blisters which often form permanent pockmarks.
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\Hsmall print\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the numerous restrictive and exclusive clauses printed on a contract, e.g. of insurance, often in small close-set type so that they do not get read.
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\Hsmalls\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jsmall\j\b\i.
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\Hsmall-scale\h
\Padjective\p of small size or scope: a) 'a \Ismall-scale\j\b\i model of the solar system'; b) 'a \Ismall-scale\j\b\i business venture'.
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\Hsmall slam\h
\ICards:\j\b\i See \Jslam (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hsmall talk\h
any unimportant chatter.
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\Hsmall-time\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) petty or unimportant: 'a \Ismall-time\j\b\i hoodlum'.
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\Hsmalt\h
\Isay\j\b\i smawlt \Pnoun\p a form of blue glass made by blending silica with cobalt oxide.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i clever or bright: 'that's a \Ismart\j\b\i little lass'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ismart\j\b\i remark' (= cleverly rude).
b) 'he's a \Ismart\j\b\i politician' (= shrewd).
\CX12.\j\b\i brisk, vigorous or lively: 'we set off at a \Ismart\j\b\i pace'.
\CX13.\j\b\i elegantly neat or fashionable: a) 'a \Ismart\j\b\i outfit'; b) she belongs to a very \Ismart\j\b\i set'.
\CX14.\j\b\i stinging or severe: 'a \Ismart\j\b\i slap'.
\Bsmart aleck\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a conceited know-all.
\Bsmart\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cause or feel a stinging pain: 'this cut \Ismarts\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ismarted\j\b\i under the stinging rebuke' (= felt hurt and distressed).
\Bsmarten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bsmarten up\j\b\i, a) to make or become more trim and neat in appearance; b) to make brisker or more vigorous.
\Bsmart\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a sharp, stinging pain. b) acute mental distress. \Bsmartly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsmartness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmarty\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bsmarty-pants\j\b\i, \Bsmarty-boots\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who tries to be too smart.
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\Hsmash\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to break violently, especially into pieces: 'the windscreen was \Ismashed\j\b\i in the accident'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rush violently or crash: 'the car \Ismashed\j\b\i into the wall'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'all my illusions about work were \Ismashed\j\b\i' (= destroyed, shattered).
b) 'the spectator \Ismashed\j\b\i the umpire to the ground' (= struck with a violent blow).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit the ball with a hard, fast overarm stroke.
\Bsmash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of smashing: 'the tea-tray fell with an awful \Ismash\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'many banks failed in the \Ismash\j\b\i' (= financial collapse).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a smash-hit.
\Bsmash\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
with a smashing movement or sound: 'he ran \Ismash\j\b\i into the brick wall'.
\Bsmasher\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a smashing blow or crash. b) a strikingly good-looking person. c) a smash-hit. \Bsmashing\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) very good; \Bsmashingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsmash-and-grab\h
\Pnoun\p a very swift robbery performed by breaking a shop window, grabbing the goods and running off.
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\Hsmash-hit\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which is an immediate and great success.
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\Hsmash-up\h
\Pnoun\p a violent collision or accident.
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\Hsmattering\h
\Pnoun\p smatter a superficial or incomplete knowledge of something. \Bsmatter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to do superficially.
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\Hsmear\h
\Pverb\p to spread with a sticky or greasy substance.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'do not \Ismear\j\b\i the drawing' (= smudge).
b) 'the scandal \Ismeared\j\b\i his reputation' (= damaged).
\Bsmear\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a mark made by or as if by smearing.
\CX12.\j\b\i slander or libel: 'a \Ismear\j\b\i campaign'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is smeared, such as a small amount of substance examined on a microscopic slide. \Bsmeary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) tending to smear or dirty, b) covered with smears.
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\Hsmell\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsmelt\j\b\i or \Bsmelled\j\b\i, \Bsmelling\j\b\i)
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to be perceived by the nose as: 'the roses \Ismell\j\b\i sweet'. b) to be perceived by the nose as offensive: 'you \Ismell\j\b\i!'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsmell a rat\j\b\i, to suspect that all is not what it seems.
\Bsmell of\j\b\i, 'the plan \Ismells of\j\b\i crime' (= suggests).
\Bsmell out\j\b\i, 'a good reporter can \Ismell out\j\b\i stories' (= find, search out).
\Bsmell\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the sense of smelling. b) the quality of something which may be smelt: 'certain flowers have no \Ismell\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of smelling: 'may I have a \Ismell\j\b\i of that perfume?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it all had the \Ismell\j\b\i of a trick' (= suggestion). \Bsmelly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having an offensive smell; \Bsmelliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmelling salts\h
any substance, consisting mainly of ammonium carbonate, which is sniffed to cure faintness, headache, etc.
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\Hsmelt (1)\h
\Pverb\p to extract a metal from its ores by heating, melting, etc.
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\Hsmelt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a small round fish of the salmon family with a delicate flavour.
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\Hsmidgin\h
\Isay\j\b\i smij'n \Pnoun\p a small amount.
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\Hsmile\h
\Pverb\p to express pleasure, amusement, kindliness, scorn, etc. by curving the corners of the mouth upwards.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the gods \Ismile\j\b\i upon the brave' (= look with approval or kindness). \Bsmile\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsmilingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsmirch\h
\Pverb\p to soil, stain or dirty.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the violent attacks \Ismirched\j\b\i the city's reputation' (= disgraced). \Bsmirch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmirk\h
\Pverb\p to smile in an affected, silly or self-satisfied way. \Bsmirk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
an old word meaning to stroke or hit hard: 'she \Ismote\j\b\i the ball as far as she could'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the town was \Ismitten\j\b\i with plague' (= affected severely).
b) 'I think she is rather \Ismitten\j\b\i by him' (= in love (with)).
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\Hsmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who works with metals, especially a blacksmith.
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\Hsmithereens\h
\Isay\j\b\i smi\Ith\j\b\ia-\CX1reenz\j\b\i plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) small bits and pieces: 'smashed to \Ismithereens\j\b\i'.
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\Hsmithy\h
\Isay\j\b\i smi\Ith\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a forge.
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\Hsmitten\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsmite\j\b\i.
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\Hsmock\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpinafore\j\b\i
a loose dress or apron, sometimes worn to protect clothes.
\Bsmocking\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a style of needlework in which the fabric is gathered with small stitches to form a decorative pattern of folds. \Bsmock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsmog\h
\Pnoun\p fog contaminated by pollution. \Bsmoggy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bsm\j\b\i(oke) + (f)og\j\b\i
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\Hsmoke\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the suspension of fine, solid particles in a gas, given off by burning substances.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the act of taking in and breathing out the smoke from a cigarette, etc. b) a cigarette, etc.
\Bgo up in smoke\j\b\i, a) to be burnt up completely; b) to end in failure.
\Bsmoke\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give off smoke.
\CX12.\j\b\i to inhale and exhale the smoke of a cigarette, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i to preserve and flavour food by drying it in smoke.
\Bsmoke out\j\b\i, a) to drive out from concealment with smoke; b) to bring to public view or awareness.
\Bsmoker\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that smokes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRailway:\j\b\i a railway compartment or carriage in which smoking is allowed. \Bsmoky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of or giving off much smoke, b) having the taste or colour of smoke; \Bsmokily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsmokiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsmokeless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsmokebomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1smoke\j\b\i-bom \Pnoun\p a bomb which sends out clouds of smoke, used for concealment or in theatrical productions.
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\Hsmokeless zone\h
an area where it is illegal to burn fuels which produce smoke.
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\Hsmoke-oh\h
\Pnoun\p smoko \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a short break from work.
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\Hsmokescreen\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dense smoke made to conceal military operations from enemy observation.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything used to conceal the truth: 'he threw up a \Ismokescreen\j\b\i of excuses'.
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\Hsmokestack\h
\Pnoun\p a chimney or funnel, e.g. on a factory or steamboat, through which smoke, gases, etc. are discharged.
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\Hsmokiness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsmoke\j\b\i.
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\Hsmoking-jacket\h
\Pnoun\p a man's loose, soft jacket, often made of silk or velvet, worn in the house.
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\Hsmoky\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsmoke\j\b\i.
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\Hsmolder\h
\Pverb\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i to smoulder.
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\Hsmooch\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to kiss and cuddle. \Bsmooch\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmooth\h
\Isay\j\b\i smoo\Ith\j\b\i \Padjective\p having a surface without irregularities: a) 'a \Ismooth\j\b\i tabletop'; b) '\Ismooth\j\b\i seas'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Ismooth\j\b\i ride' (= free from bumps and jolts).
b) 'I don't like his \Ismooth\j\b\i manners' (= suave).
c) 'this old whisky is very \Ismooth\j\b\i' (= free from sharpness or harshness of taste).
d) 'add the milk to the flour and stir to a \Ismooth\j\b\i paste' (= without lumps).
e) 'the skater traced out a \Ismooth\j\b\i curve' (= easy and uninterrupted).
\Bsmooth\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become smooth: 'he \Ismoothed\j\b\i out the crumpled paper'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'to \Ismooth\j\b\i the way' (= remove difficulties or hindrances from).
b) 'she tried to \Ismooth\j\b\i my ruffled feelings' (= calm down).
\Bsmooth over\j\b\i, 'he's always trying to \Ismooth over\j\b\i the difficulties' (= cover up, gloss over).
\Bsmooth\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is smooth, such as the side of a tennis racket on which the strings form a flat surface. \Bsmoothly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsmoothness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmoothbore\h
\Padjective\p (of a gun) with no spiral grooves inside the barrel.
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\Hsmoothie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1smoo\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\iee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a glib, soft-spoken plausible rogue.
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\Hsmooth-spoken\h
\Padjective\p smooth-tongued.
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\Hsmooth-tongued\h
\Padjective\p glib and plausible: 'a \Ismooth-tongued\j\b\i rascal'.
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\Hsmorgasbord\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1smor\j\b\iguz-bord \Pnoun\p a meal with many different dishes, usually cold meats and salads, to which diners help themselves. Swedish \Ismorgas\j\b\i sandwich + \Ibord\j\b\i table
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\Hsmote\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsmite\j\b\i.
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\Hsmother\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i mother \Pverb\p to stifle or suffocate: 'the baby was \Ismothered\j\b\i by his pillow'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Ismothered\j\b\i his anger' (= suppressed).
b) 'he \Ismothered\j\b\i himself up in a coat and scarf' (= thickly covered or wrapped).
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\Hsmoulder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1smole\j\b\i-da \Pverb\p to burn and smoke without flame: 'the embers \Ismouldered\j\b\i in the grate'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her eyes \Ismouldered\j\b\i with rage' (= showed suppressed feelings).
b) 'rebellion \Ismouldered\j\b\i in the hearts of the soldiers' (= existed inwardly). \Bsmoulder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmudge\h
\Isay\j\b\i smuj \Pnoun\p a dirty, blotted or blurred mark: a) 'there's a \Ismudge\j\b\i on your forehead'; b) 'the castle was just a \Ismudge\j\b\i on the horizon'. \Bsmudge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a smudge or smudges on, b) to become blurred or blotted; \Bsmudgy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsmudgily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsmudginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pverb\p to bring goods into a country without paying customs duty on them.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Ismuggled\j\b\i a file into the prison' (= got secretly). \Bsmuggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsmut\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a piece of soot or dirt. b) a black dirty mark.
\CX12.\j\b\i any indecent language or writing.
\CX13.\j\b\i a fungal disease of plants, especially cereals, causing a black, powdery surface. \Bsmutty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) grimy or dirty, b) indecent or obscene; \Bsmuttily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsmuttiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnack\h
\Pnoun\p a small meal or refreshment. \Bsnack\j\b\i was originally a bite or a snap of the kind given by dogs. It was borrowed from Middle Dutch \Isnacken\j\b\i (to bite). Its present meaning, as a \Pnoun\p, dates from the eighteenth century and, as a \Pverb\p, from the latter part of the 20th century.
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\Hsnaffle\h
\Pnoun\p a jointed bit for a horse.
\Bsnaffle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to put a snaffle on a horse. b) to control by or as if by a snaffle.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to steal or appropriate.
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\Hsnag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sharp or jagged projection, especially one below the surface of water.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's been a \Isnag\j\b\i in our plans' (= unexpected or hidden difficulty).
\CX12.\j\b\i a small hole or ladder in a garment, caused by catching it on a sharp object.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sausage.
\Bsnag\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsnagged\j\b\i, \Bsnagging\j\b\i)
to get caught by or as if by a snag: a) 'I've \Isnagged\j\b\i my stocking'; b) 'the boat was \Isnagged\j\b\i fast'.
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\Hsnail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a slimy, air-breathing gastropod with a single, often spirally coiled, external shell.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who moves or works slowly.
\Bat a snail's pace\j\b\i, very slowly.
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\Hsnake\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various slender, scaly, legless reptiles without eardrums or movable eyelids, and having the two halves of the lower jaw connected by elastic fibres.
\CX12.\j\b\i a treacherous person.
\Bsnake in the grass\j\b\i, an insidious or hidden enemy. \Bsnake\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to move, wind or curve like a snake; \Bsnaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or like a snake, b) (informal) ungrateful or treacherous, c) (informal) bad-tempered.
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\Hsnake-charmer\h
a person who controls a snake by means of rhythmic music and bodily movements.
#
\Hsnap\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsnapped\j\b\i, \Bsnapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or cause to make a sudden, sharp sound: 'he \Isnapped\j\b\i his fingers to attract the waiter's attention'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to break suddenly with a sharp sound: 'a twig \Isnapped\j\b\i under her foot'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a sudden, quick bite or snatch: 'the dog \Isnapped\j\b\i at my ankles'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Isnapped\j\b\i the lid shut crossly' (= closed with a snap).
b) 'he \Isnapped\j\b\i to attention as the general passed him' (= moved quickly).
c) 'her self-control finally \Isnapped\j\b\i under the continual taunting' (= gave way).
d) 'she \Isnapped\j\b\i angrily in reply' (= spoke sharply).
\CX14.\j\b\i to take a photograph of.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsnap one's fingers at\j\b\i, to scorn or be unintimidated by.
\Bsnap out of it\j\b\i, to recover from a mood quickly.
\Bsnap someone's head off\j\b\i, to speak very sharply or rudely to.
\Bsnap up\j\b\i, 'you should \Isnap up\j\b\i this bargain' (= seize quickly).
\Bsnap\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a sudden, sharp sound: 'the rope broke with a \Isnap\j\b\i'. b) a sudden, sharp breaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a quick, sudden bite or snatch. b) a quick, sharp speech.
\CX13.\j\b\i a catch or clasp: 'he had to break the \Isnap\j\b\i to get the box open'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a thin, crisp biscuit: 'a \Igingersnap\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a short spell of weather: 'we're in for a cold \Isnap\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a simple game in which each player throws cards onto a pile aiming to win by being first to notice two consecutive cards of equal value.
\CX17.\j\b\i a snapshot.
\Bnot a snap\j\b\i, not at all.
\Bsnap\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
made or done hastily or without considering: 'a \Isnap\j\b\i decision'.
\Bsnappy\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i impatient or irritable: 'don't get \Isnappy\j\b\i with me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i quick or lively in action: 'she walks along at a very \Isnappy\j\b\i pace'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) neat and smart: 'the bank tellers wear \Isnappy\j\b\i uniforms'.
\Bmake it snappy\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hurry up. \Bsnappily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsnappiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsnappish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) apt to snap, b) impatient or irritable; \Bsnappishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsnappishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnapdragon\h
\Pnoun\p a plant with showy, brightly coloured spikes of flowers.
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\Hsnapper\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bschnapper\j\b\i
any of a group of edible pinkish-white fish found in Australian and New Zealand waters.
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\Hsnapshot\h
\Pnoun\p a quickly taken or informal photograph.
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\Hsnare (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device, usually a noose, for trapping animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything which catches or traps unexpectedly. \Bsnare\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to catch in a snare.
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\Hsnare (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pnoun\p any of the strings or wires stretched across the skin of a small double-headed drum to increase reverberation.
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\Hsnark\h
\Pnoun\p any of a variety of imaginary creatures, some of which have feathers and bite and others have whiskers and scratch. invented by Lewis Carroll in a narrative poem, 1876
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\Hsnarl (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a harsh, angry growl: 'the dog \Isnarled\j\b\i at the strangers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak in an angry, resentful or quarrelsome manner: 'he just \Isnarled\j\b\i at her from behind his paper'. \Bsnarl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsnarly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsnarl (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a tangle: a) 'a traffic \Isnarl\j\b\i'; b) 'try and pull a comb through these \Isnarls\j\b\i!'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he tried to sort out a \Isnarl\j\b\i which had arisen at work' (= complication). \Bsnarl\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnarl-up\h
\Pnoun\p a confusion or mix-up.
#
\Hsnatch\h
\Pverb\p to seize suddenly: 'she \Isnatched\j\b\i up her dog and ran'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Isnatched\j\b\i off his hat and bent his knee to the King' (= took hastily).
b) 'they \Isnatched\j\b\i victory at the last minute' (= rescued by prompt action).
\Bsnatch at\j\b\i, a) to try to seize; b) to take eagerly.
\Bsnatch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of snatching: 'she made a \Isnatch\j\b\i at my sandwich'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a small fragment: 'I can only remember \Isnatches\j\b\i of the melody'. b) a brief period of time: 'to sleep in \Isnatches\j\b\i'. \Bsnatchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, done or occurring in snatches; \Bsnatcher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnazzy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very smart or well-dressed.
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\Hsneak\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move or act in a furtive way: 'he \Isneaked\j\b\i down the hall to the fridge'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to do or act secretly or stealthily: '\Isneak\j\b\i a look through the keyhole'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to tell tales: 'it's just like him to \Isneak\j\b\i on us to teacher'.
\Bsneak\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a telltale.
\Bsneaking\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) acting in an underhand way. b) secret or unavowed: 'I think she feels a \Isneaking\j\b\i sympathy for him'. c) growing insidiously: 'a \Isneaking\j\b\i suspicion'. \Bsneaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, mean, tricky, cowardly or contemptible; \Bsneakily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsneakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsneaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, canvas shoe with a rope or rubber sole.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who sneaks about.
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\Hsneer\h
\Pverb\p to show contempt by a curl of the lips, scornful words, etc. \Bsneer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sneering remark or expression; \Bsneerer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who sneers; \Bsneering\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsneeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsneeze\h
\Pverb\p to expel air through the nose and mouth in a sudden, explosive action.
\Bnot to be sneezed at\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not to be dismissed lightly. \Bsneeze\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of sneezing; \Bsneezer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnib\h
\Pnoun\p the part of a lock which fastens the door, window, etc. \Bsnib\j\b\i (\Bsnibbed\j\b\i, \Bsnibbing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small cut: 'he made a \Isnick\j\b\i in the wood with his penknife'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a click: 'the door closed behind him with a \Isnick\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a hit which deflects the ball sideways. \Bsnick\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnicker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long soft snorting neigh.
\CX12.\j\b\i a snigger. \Bsnicker\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnide\h
\Padjective\p slyly nasty or derogatory: '\Isnide\j\b\i remarks'. \Bsnidely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsniff\h
\Pverb\p to draw into the nose in short, audible breaths: 'to \Isniff\j\b\i snuff'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Isniffed\j\b\i the wine before she tasted it' (= smelt by sniffing).
b) 'they \Isniffed\j\b\i at his modern ideas' (= expressed contempt).
c) 'the police have been \Isniffing\j\b\i around' (= looking, investigating).
\Bsniff out\j\b\i, 'he could \Isniff out\j\b\i trouble like nobody else I knew' (= detect). \Bsniff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or sound of sniffing, b) something which is inhaled by sniffing; \Bsniffer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsniffy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) scornful or disdainful.
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\Hsniffle\h
\Pverb\p to sniff repeatedly. \Bsniffle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnigger\h
\Pnoun\p a half-suppressed or smothered laugh, usually expressing derision, disrespect, etc. \Bsnigger\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsnipped\j\b\i, \Bsnipping\j\b\i)
to cut with a small, quick stroke or strokes: 'to \Isnip\j\b\i a person's fringe'.
\Bsnip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of snipping: 'with a few quick \Isnips\j\b\i she pruned the bush'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a small cut: 'make a \Isnip\j\b\i here for the buttonhole'. b) a small piece snipped off.
\CX13.\j\b\i a bargain.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) small shears for cutting metal: 'a pair of \Itinsnips\j\b\i'.
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\Hsnipe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long-billed marshbird, often shot as game.
\CX12.\j\b\i a shot, etc. fired from a concealed position.
\Bsnipe\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fire shots from a concealed position.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make nasty or critical remarks. \Bsniper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnippet\h
\Pnoun\p a small piece or amount.
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\Hsnitch (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to steal.
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\Hsnitch (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to turn informer. \Bsnitcher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnitchy\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bad-tempered.
\CX12.\j\b\i to complain in a tearful or whining way.
\CX13.\j\b\i to have mucus running from the nose. \Bsnivel\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of snivelling; \Bsniveller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old English \Isnofl\j\b\i mucus
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\Hsnob\h
\Pnoun\p a person who sets too high a value on social standing and wealth, seeking to imitate or associate with those with social rank, wealth, etc. and despising those he or she regards as inferiors. \Bsnobbery\j\b\i, \Bsnobbishness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, the state or quality of being a snob; \Bsnobbish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a snob; \Bsnobbishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnood\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i food \Pnoun\p an old-fashioned, net-like hat holding the hair at the back of the head. \Bsnood\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsnook\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a gesture of contempt made with thumb to nose and outstretched fingers: 'he cocked a \Isnook\j\b\i at me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a barracouta.
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\Hsnooker\h
\Pnoun\p a game similar to billiards, using 22 balls of different colours which are hit into the pockets in various orders. Compare \Jpool (2)\j\b\i.
\Bsnooker\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to prevent a person from achieving some aim, etc.
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\Hsnoop\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to prowl or pry. \Bsnooper\j\b\i, \Bsnoop\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who snoops; \Bsnoopy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsnoot\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the nose.
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\Hsnooty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1snoo\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) haughty or snobbish.
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\Hsnooze\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to doze. \Bsnooze\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnore\h
\Pverb\p to breathe during sleep with a harsh, rough sound. \Bsnore\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsnorer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who snores.
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\Hsnorkel\h
\Pnoun\p a breathing tube held in the mouth and projecting upwards, so that a swimmer may breathe when just under water. \Bsnorkel\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to swim under water with a snorkel.
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\Hsnort\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to force breath through the nostrils with a loud, harsh sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i to let out a loud burst of laughter.
\CX13.\j\b\i to express contempt, indignation, etc. with a snort. \Bsnort\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act or sound of snorting, b) (informal) a small drink of alcohol.
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\Hsnot\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) mucus from the nose. b) a contemptible person. \Bsnotty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) dirty, b) (informal) conceited or arrogant.
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\Hsnout\h
\Isay\j\b\i snowt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the nose of an animal, often including the jaws.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a snout.
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\Hsnow\h
\Isay\j\b\i sno \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the delicate ice crystals formed in clouds from water-vapour below freezing point, which join together and fall to the ground as flakes.
\CX12.\j\b\i any white spots on a television screen, caused by interference or weak signals.
\Bsnow\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fall as snow: 'it has been \Isnowing\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'letters and telegrams \Isnowed\j\b\i in all day for her birthday' (= poured).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe snowed in\j\b\i, \Bbe snowed up\j\b\i, to be shut in by snow.
\Bsnowed under\j\b\i, a) covered with snow; b) 'we are \Isnowed under\j\b\i with work' (= overwhelmed). \Bsnowy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) white as snow, b) covered with snow.
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\Hsnowball\h
\Pnoun\p a ball of snow pressed together to be thrown. \Bsnowball\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to throw snowballs at, b) to increase or become larger at an accelerating rate.
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\Hsnowdrop\h
\Pnoun\p a small, early spring plant with white flowers, growing from a bulb.
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\Hsnowfall\h
\Pnoun\p a) a fall of snow. b) the amount of snow which has fallen at a particular time or place.
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\Hsnowfield\h
\Pnoun\p an area of permanent snow.
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\Hsnowflake\h
\Pnoun\p a crystal of snow.
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\Hsnow job\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) an attempt to distract a person from certain aspects of an issue by supplying a vast amount of irrelevant information. b) a cover-up.
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\Hsnow leopard\h
See \Jounce (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hsnowline\h
\Pnoun\p the height on a mountain above which there is always snow.
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\Hsnowman\h
\Pnoun\p the shape of a man, made in snow.
\Babominable snowman\j\b\i See \Jyeti\j\b\i.
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\Hsnowmobile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1snow\j\b\i-mo-beel \Pnoun\p a small motorised vehicle with short skis at the front and a caterpillar track at the rear, used for travelling in the snow.
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\Hsnowplough\h
\Pnoun\p a device attached to the front of a vehicle and used to push snow aside.
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\Hsnowshoe\h
\Pnoun\p a device, similar to a tennis racket, consisting of a network of thongs in a wooden frame and attached to boots for walking over soft snow.
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\Hsnowy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsnow\j\b\i.
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\Hsnub\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsnubbed\j\b\i, \Bsnubbing\j\b\i)
to treat a person with contempt or coolness, especially by ignoring him or her. \Bsnub\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, contemptuous words or behaviour.
#
\Hsnub-nosed\h
\Padjective\p having a short, turned-up nose.
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\Hsnuff (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a form of powdered tobacco taken into the nose by sniffing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sniff or snort.
\Bsnuff\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to inhale through the nose: '\Isnuff\j\b\i this medicine'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the dog \Isnuffed\j\b\i at the tree' (= sniffed).
b) 'he \Isnuffed\j\b\i and coughed' (= snorted).
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\Hsnuff (2)\h
\Pverb\p to extinguish a candle.
\Bsnuff it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to die. \Bsnuff\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the burnt part of a candlewick; \Bsnuffer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an instrument for snuffing candles.
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\Hsnuffle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to breathe or sniff noisily, as with a cold.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak through the nose or with a nasal tone. \Bsnuffle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsnuffly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsnuffy\h
\Padjective\p easily displeased or huffy. \Bsnuffily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsnuffiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnug\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i cosy: 'a \Isnug\j\b\i corner beside the fire'.
\CX12.\j\b\i close-fitting: 'a \Isnug\j\b\i waistcoat'. \Bsnugly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsnugness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsnuggle\h
\Pverb\p to cuddle up or more closely, for warmth, comfort, affection, etc.
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\Hso\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i just as said, directed, suggested or implied: a) 'hold your arm out \Iso\j\b\i'; b) 'she said she would succeed, and she did \Iso\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in the same way: 'Keith says we should go, and I think \Iso\j\b\i too'.
\CX13.\j\b\i then: 'home we went, and \Iso\j\b\i to bed'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to an indicated or suggested degree or extent: 'I didn't realise the plains stretched \Iso\j\b\i far'.
\CX15.\j\b\i very or extremely: 'you are \Iso\j\b\i helpful'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to a definite but unspecified extent or degree: 'I can only stay for a day or \Iso\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i most certainly or indeed: 'midnight? \ISo\j\b\i it is!'.
\CX18.\j\b\i therefore: 'the dog was thirsty, \Iso\j\b\i we gave it a drink'.
\CX19.\j\b\i true: 'that is just not \Iso\j\b\i'.
\CX110.\j\b\i according to the truth of what has been sworn or asserted: '\Iso\j\b\i help me God'.
\CX111.\j\b\i apparently: '\Iso\j\b\i you don't have an alibi'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Band so on\j\b\i, \Band so forth\j\b\i, et cetera.
\Bjust so\j\b\i, 'she always wants to have everything \Ijust so\j\b\i' (= in perfect order).
\Bso as\j\b\i, 'I'll work late tonight \Iso as\j\b\i to catch up' (= with the purpose of).
\Bso much for\j\b\i, '\Iso much for\j\b\i your hopes of wealth and power' (= that's the end of).
\Bso that\j\b\i, a) 'he shunned society, \Iso that\j\b\i people thought he was dead' (= with the result that); b) 'write to me \Iso that\j\b\i I know how you are' (= in order that).
\Bso what!\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) what does that matter.
\Bso\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in order that: 'be quiet \Iso\j\b\i that he won't wake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i therefore: 'they were expensive, \Iso\j\b\i use them sparingly'.
\Bso\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
used to indicate realisation of fact, situation, etc.: '\ISo\j\b\i! You've been lying to me again'. \Bso, that\j\b\i. A common mistake here is the use of the \Ppronoun\p \Ithat\j\b\i where the \Padverb\p \Iso\j\b\i is required. Consider the following: 'I was \Iso\j\b\i (not \Ithat\j\b\i) tired I couldn't think properly', 'the rabbit ran \Iso\j\b\i (not \Ithat\j\b\i) quickly that the fox couldn't catch it'.
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\Hsoak\h
\Pverb\p to remain or allow to remain in a liquid until saturated.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'water was \Isoaking\j\b\i through the roof of the tent' (= seeping).
b) 'the news has not \Isoaked\j\b\i in yet' (= been taken in).
c) 'blotting paper \Isoaks\j\b\i up ink' (= draws, dries).
d) 'he \Isoaks\j\b\i himself in books on sailing' (= involves eagerly).
\Bsoak\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of soaking: 'give the sheets a good \Isoak\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian:\j\b\i a hollow in the soil where water collects, usually on the surface.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a drunkard.
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\Hso-and-so\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i person or thing that is not definitely named.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mean or nasty person.
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\Hsoap\h
\Pnoun\p a substance made from a mixture of natural oils and fats with an alkali, used for washing. \Bsoap\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to rub or cover with soap; \Bsoapy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsoapily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoapiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsoapbox\h
\Pnoun\p a place or means, originally an improvised platform, used to make a speech, express one's opinions, etc.
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\Hsoap opera\h
any radio or television serial using extreme sentiment to describe domestic scenes. of the type sponsored by advertisers of soap, detergents, etc.
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\Hsoapstone\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any soft stone with a greasy feeling, usually a variety of talc and used for tabletops, hearths, etc.
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\Hsoar\h
\Pverb\p a) to rise or fly upwards, like a bird. b) to glide at a great height.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the mountain \Isoars\j\b\i into the clouds' (= ascends).
b) 'her heart \Isoared\j\b\i with delight' (= was inspired). \Bsoarer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsob\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsobbed\j\b\i, \Bsobbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to weep with loud or shaking catches of the breath.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a similar sound: 'the wind \Isobbed\j\b\i in the trees'. \Bsob\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sobbing sound.
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\Hsober\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-ba \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not drunk.
\CX12.\j\b\i serious: 'a \Isober\j\b\i young student'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'all employees should wear \Isober\j\b\i clothes' (= plain, not elaborate).
b) 'he made a \Isober\j\b\i decision concerning his career' (= rational, sensible). \Bsober\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become sober; \Bsoberly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoberness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsobriety\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1brie\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being sober.
\CX12.\j\b\i seriousness.
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\Hsobriquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sob\j\b\i-ree-kay \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bsoubriquet\j\b\i
a nickname.
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\Hsob-story\h
\Pnoun\p a story intended to inspire sentiment or pity, especially one used as an excuse.
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\Hso-called\h
\Padjective\p known by this term, often incorrectly: 'he was deserted by all his \Iso-called\j\b\i friends'.
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\Hsoccer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sokk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a type of football played with a spherical ball which must not be handled except by the goalkeeper, and having 11 players in a side.
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\Hsociable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-sha-b'l \Padjective\p friendly or enjoying the company of others. \Bsociably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsociability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsocial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i living or tending to live in a community rather than alone: 'bees are \Isocial\j\b\i insects'.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to life within a society: 'democracy is a \Isocial\j\b\i and political theory'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is part of a \Isocial\j\b\i clique' (= wealthy and worldly).
b) 'the politician attended several \Isocial\j\b\i functions in the district' (= organised for friendly gathering). \Bsocial\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a party or friendly gathering; \Bsocially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsociality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-shee-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being social or sociable, especially as the tendency to form communities. Latin \Isocius\j\b\i a partner or acting jointly
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\Hsocial class\h
short form is \Bclass\j\b\i
a group of people in a society, classified by their sharing of similar occupations, incomes and social and political attitudes and forming part of a hierarchy.
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\Hsocial climber\h
a person who tries to move into a higher social class.
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\Hsocial credit\h
an economic theory that universal prosperity could be based on the payment to all of an annual national dividend varying with a country's wealth.
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\Hsocialise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-sha-lize \Pverb\p socialize \CX11.\j\b\i to make an individual ready for life in a community, e.g. by acquiring accepted behaviour patterns.
\CX12.\j\b\i to establish or organise according to socialism: '\Isocialised\j\b\i medicine'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to take part in social activities. \Bsocialisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsocialism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-sha-lizm \Pnoun\p a social theory or system based on public control and ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods. \Bsocialist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsocialist\j\b\i, \Bsocialistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsocialite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-sha-lite \Pnoun\p a person who moves in rich or fashionable circles.
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\Hsocial science\h
also called \Bsocial studies\j\b\i
the study of subjects such as economics, sociology, politics, etc. which relate to human beings within a society.
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\Hsocial security\h
the financial care provided by a government for the elderly, the sick and the unemployed.
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\Hsocial service\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the organised work of people trained to improve social conditions.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) social welfare.
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\Hsocial studies\h
See \Jsocial science\j\b\i.
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\Hsocial welfare\h
the services and aid established by a government for the welfare of its people.
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\Hsocial worker\h
a person trained to take part in social welfare, giving advice to individuals in need and working to improve conditions for poor people, etc.
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\Hsociety\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) humankind, considered as a group or community: '20th-century \Isociety\j\b\i'. b) a relatively settled group of people or animals who have some degree of organisation and cooperation.
\CX12.\j\b\i the structure, institutions, culture, way of life, etc. of such a group: 'Western \Isociety\j\b\i has reached a turning point'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the wealthy and privileged people and their interrelationships.
\CX14.\j\b\i a group of people associated by their calling or interests: 'a \Isociety\j\b\i of engineers'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he enjoyed their \Isociety\j\b\i immensely' (= companionship, company).
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\HSociety of Friends\h
\IChristian:\j\b\i See \Jquaker\j\b\i.
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\Hsociology\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-see-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of social behaviour, especially in relation to the development or changing of societies and social institutions. \Bsociologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsociological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-see-a-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsock (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a short stocking, usually of nylon or wool and reaching to the ankle or knee.
\Bpull one's socks up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to try to improve.
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\Hsock (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hit. \Bsock\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsocket\h
\Pnoun\p a hollow part or opening, especially one into which something fits: 'the eye \Isocket\j\b\i'.
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\Hsod (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of grassy soil or turf.
\CX12.\j\b\i the ground, especially grass-covered earth.
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\Hsod (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a disagreeable person. short form of \Isodomite\j\b\i
\CX12.\j\b\i a drink made with soda-water flavoured with syrup, ice-cream, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any simple sodium compound.
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\Hsoda fountain\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a counter at which ice-creams, milk shakes, etc. are sold.
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\Hsoda siphon\h
a bottle containing soda-water under pressure which can be dispensed by opening a valve.
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\Hsoda-water\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bsoda\j\b\i
carbonated water.
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\Hsodden\h
\Padjective\p completely soaked or wet.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we couldn't digest the \Isodden\j\b\i cake' (= heavy, dough-like).
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\Hsodium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p element number 11, a strongly reactive metal. Its compounds are very abundant, especially \Bsodium chloride\j\b\i (common salt). See \Jalkali metal\j\b\i.
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\Hsodium hydroxide\h
See \Jcaustic soda\j\b\i.
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\Hsodium pentothal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-dee-um \CX1penta\j\b\i-thal a drug used in medicine as a general anaesthetic.
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\Hsodomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sodd\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p sexual intercourse using the anal opening, especially when performed between males. \Bsodomite\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \ISodom\j\b\i, a Biblical town
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\H-soever\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1evv\j\b\ia a suffix meaning at all, to whatever extent, etc., as in \Iwhatsoever\j\b\i.
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\Hsofa\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcouch\j\b\i or a \Bsettee\j\b\i
a long upholstered seat, with a back and armrests.
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\Hsoft\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not firm, hard or stiff: 'the \Isoft\j\b\i skin of a baby'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her \Isoft\j\b\i voice lulled us to sleep' (= pleasant, smooth).
b) 'his \Isoft\j\b\i glance was sympathetic' (= tender).
c) 'you must not be \Isoft\j\b\i with the students' (= weak).
d) 'the \Isoft\j\b\i lights gave the room an intimate atmosphere' (= not bright or harsh).
e) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'his father got a \Isoft\j\b\i job for him' (= easy).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I think he's a bit \Isoft\j\b\i in the head' (= simple, foolish).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of radiation) having low penetrating power.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of water) relatively free of mineral salts that prevent the lathering of soap.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of the sounds \Ic\j\b\i and \Ig\j\b\i) \Ppronoun\pced softly as in \Icent\j\b\i and \Igem\j\b\i.
\Bhave a soft spot for\j\b\i, to like or be fond of. \Bsoftly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoftness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsoften\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become soft or softer; \Bsoftener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsoftball\h
\Pnoun\p a game similar to baseball, played with a larger, softer ball and a wider bat.
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\Hsoft drink\h
any non-alcoholic drink.
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\Hsoft drug\h
any drug which is considered to be non-addictive.
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\Hsoft-focus\h
\Padjective\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i slightly and intentionally out of focus, to achieve a hazy effect.
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\Hsoft furnishings\h
the fabrics used for decorating rooms in a house, such as curtains, covers and carpets.
\Isay\j\b\i swa-\CX1dee\j\b\izon \Padjective\p self-styled, would-be or professed. French, oneself saying
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\Hsoil (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) the top layer of the earth's surface, in which plants will grow. It contains organic matter, inorganic matter and living organisms. b) a particular type of this earth: 'sandy \Isoil\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he has worked on the \Isoil\j\b\i all his life' (= land).
b) 'they returned to their native \Isoil\j\b\i' (= country).
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\Hsoil (2)\h
\Pverb\p to make dirty: a) 'try not to \Isoil\j\b\i your new shirt'; b) 'his reputation was \Isoiled\j\b\i by the rumours'.
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\Hsoil mechanics\h
\IEngineering:\j\b\i the study of the properties and suitability of soils as foundations for airfields, roads, high-rise buildings, etc.
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\Hsoiree\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swa\j\b\i-ray \Pnoun\p soirΘe a small evening party. French \Isoir\j\b\i evening
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\Hsojourn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soj\j\b\i-ern \Ior\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-jern \Pverb\p to stay temporarily. \Bsojourn\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a stay.
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\Hsolace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\iis \Pnoun\p a) the giving of comfort in sorrow or trouble. b) something which gives comfort, relief, etc: 'meditation was his only \Isolace\j\b\i'. \Bsolace\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsolar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sole\j\b\i-a \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the sun.
\CX12.\j\b\i using or operated by energy from the sun. Latin \Isol\j\b\i sun
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\Hsolar day\h
See \Jday\j\b\i.
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\Hsolar energy\h
energy obtained or obtainable from the sun's rays.
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\Hsolar flare\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a brief, high-temperature outburst seen as a bright area in the sun's atmosphere, apparently occurring with sunspots.
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\Hsolar furnace\h
a parabolic reflector which focuses sunlight at a point, used to obtain temperatures as high as 4000░C.
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\Hsolarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1lair\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p a room or area exposed to the sun's rays, as in a hospital, etc.
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\Hsolar plexus\h
\CX11.\j\b\i an important centre of the autonomous nervous system situated behind the stomach.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the vulnerable front of the stomach just below the ribs.
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\Hsolar system\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i a) the nine planets, the periodic comets and the asteroids moving in elliptical orbits around the sun. b) any group of planets orbiting around a star.
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\Hsolar wind\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i the streams of electrons and protons given off by the sun, chiefly from solar flares.
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\Hsold\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsell\j\b\i.
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\Hsolder\h
\Pnoun\p any of various alloys used, when molten, for joining metals.
\Bsolder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to join with or as if with a solder. Latin \Isolidare\j\b\i to make firm
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\Hsoldering-iron\h
\Pnoun\p a tool used for applying solder.
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\Hsoldier\h
\Pnoun\p a person serving in an army. \Bsoldier\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to act or serve as or like a soldier; \Bsoldierly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or characteristic of a soldier; \Bsoldiery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) soldiers considered as a group, b) the profession of being a soldier.
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\Hsoldier of fortune\h
a person who will serve in an army wherever there is adventure or personal gain.
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\Hsole (1)\h
\Padjective\p being the only one: 'I am the \Isole\j\b\i owner of this house'. \Bsolely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsole (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the under surface of the foot.
\CX12.\j\b\i the bottom surface of a shoe, boot, etc., excluding the heel.
\CX13.\j\b\i anything which has the position or function of a sole: 'she rested the \Isole\j\b\i of her golf club on the grass'. \Bsole\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fit a shoe, etc. with a sole.
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\Hsole (3)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small edible flatfish with a hooked snout.
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\Hsolecism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\ia-sizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ungrammatical use of language.
\CX12.\j\b\i a social gaffe. Greek \Isoloikos\j\b\i speaking incorrectly
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\Hsolely\h
\Padverb\p See \Jsole (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hsolemn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\iem \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i very grave: 'a \Isolemn\j\b\i warning'.
\CX12.\j\b\i full of dignity or ceremony: 'this is a \Isolemn\j\b\i occasion'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isolemn\j\b\i vow of chastity' (= religious, sacred). \Bsolemnly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsolemnness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsolemnity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1lem\j\b\ini-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being solemn, b) (often plural) a formal or solemn ceremony, procedure, etc. Latin \Isollemnis\j\b\i annual, customary
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\Hsolemnise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\iem-nize \Pverb\p solemnize to perform or celebrate, especially with a formal ceremony: 'to \Isolemnise\j\b\i a marriage'. \Bsolemnisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsolenoid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\ii-noyd \Pnoun\p an electrical conductor consisting of tightly wound coils through which an electric current is passed to produce a magnetic field. Greek \Isolen\j\b\i a tube + \B-oid\j\b\i
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\Hsolicit\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1liss\j\b\iit \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to seek or request, especially in a formal or persistent manner.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a prostitute, etc.) to approach and offer sexual services to. \Bsolicitation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsolicitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1liss\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a lawyer who advises clients and gives facts and opinions to barristers on cases to be tried in the higher courts. Compare \Jbarrister\j\b\i. Latin \Isollicitus\j\b\i worrying
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\Hsolicitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1liss\j\b\iitus \Padjective\p full of anxiety or concern: 'a \Isolicitous\j\b\i care for the sick child'. \Bsolicitude\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsolicitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsolid\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a definite shape and volume: 'ice is water in its \Isolid\j\b\i state'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the inside filled, especially with the same substance throughout: 'a \Isolid\j\b\i gold ring'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they built a \Isolid\j\b\i wall of stones' (= closely packed).
b) 'an athlete's \Isolid\j\b\i muscles' (= strong).
c) 'this job will take a \Isolid\j\b\i day's work' (= full, entire).
d) 'we were swayed by her \Isolid\j\b\i argument' (= convincing).
e) 'a \Isolid\j\b\i and respected leader' (= responsible, reliable).
f) 'it was a \Isolid\j\b\i vote in favour of the idea' (= united).
\CX13.\j\b\i three-dimensional: 'a \Isolid\j\b\i figure'.
\Bsolid\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is solid, especially that which maintains its shape unless forcefully changed. Compare \Jgas\j\b\i and \Bliquid\j\b\i. \Bsolidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsolidness\j\b\i, \Bsolidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1lidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isolidus\j\b\i compact
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\Hsolidarity\h
\Isay\j\b\i solli-\CX1darr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a unity or agreement in interests, opinions, relationships, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we must \Isolidify\j\b\i our position' (= make strong). \Bsolidification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsolid-state\h
\Padjective\p (of electronic devices) consisting of solid components such as semiconductors, transistors, etc.
\Bsolid-state physics\j\b\i
the study of the physical properties of solids.
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\Hsolidus\h
\Pnoun\p a slanted line (/) used between dates, alternatives, etc.
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\Hsoliloquy\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1lill\j\b\ia-kwee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i talking to oneself.
\CX12.\j\b\i a speech made by a character in a play when alone on the stage. \Bsoliloquise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1lill\j\b\ia-kwize), \Bsoliloquize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to talk to oneself. Latin \Isolus\j\b\i alone + \Iloqui\j\b\i to speak
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\Hsolipsism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\iip-sizm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that only the self or ego exists or can be known. \Bsolipsist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsolitaire\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\ii-tair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a board game for one played with marbles or pegs, the object being to end with one peg remaining, preferably in the centre.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ring or earring containing a single gem. French
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\Hsolitary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\ii-tree \Padjective\p single: 'a \Isolitary\j\b\i lighthouse to guide the ships'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he felt afraid in such a \Isolitary\j\b\i area' (= lonely, secluded). \Bsolitary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who lives alone, b) solitary confinement; \Bsolitariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isolitarius\j\b\i alone
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\Hsolitary confinement\h
the keeping of a prisoner in a cell alone.
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\Hsolitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soll\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state of being alone.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lonely life or place.
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\Hsolo\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something designed for or performed by one person, such as a song or piece of music for one person.
\CX12.\j\b\i a flight in which the pilot, usually a learner pilot, is not accompanied by an instructor.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a game based on whist, in which one player plays against the rest. \Bsolo\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, performed or performing alone; \Bsoloist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-lo-ist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person, especially a musician, who performs a solo; \Bsolo\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isolus\j\b\i alone
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\Hsolstice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sol\j\b\istis \Pnoun\p either of two times, about June 21st or December 22nd, when the sun is the greatest distance from the equator and the shortest or longest day occurs. \Bsolstitial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sol-\CX1stish\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Isol\j\b\i sun + \Isistere\j\b\i to stand still
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\Hsoluble\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i capable of being dissolved, especially in water.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to be solved or explained: 'this puzzle is easily \Isoluble\j\b\i'. Also called \Bsolvable\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i the extent to which one substance will dissolve in another at a given temperature.
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\Hsolute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sol\j\b\i-yoot \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the substance which dissolves in another to form a solution. \IExample\j\b\i: in a solution of salt in water, salt is the solute and water is the solvent. \Bsolute\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, dissolved.
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\Hsolution\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1loo\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an explanation: 'we cannot find a \Isolution\j\b\i to this problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the method or process of solving or explaining a problem.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a homogeneous mixture of the molecules of two or more substances with different molecular structures. This usually refers to solids in liquids, but includes gases in liquids, liquids in liquids, gases in solids and solids in solids. Latin \Isolutus\j\b\i untied, loosened
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\Hsolvable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sol\j\b\iva-b'l \Padjective\p See \Jsoluble\j\b\i. \Bsolvability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i solva-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsolve\h
\Pverb\p to find an answer or explanation for. Latin \Isolvere\j\b\i to untie
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\Hsolvent\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having money, especially enough to pay one's debts.
\CX12.\j\b\i able to dissolve other substances.
\Bsolvent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i a substance, usually liquid, able to dissolve other substances in it. See \Jsolute\j\b\i. \Bsolvency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the ability to pay one's debts.
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\Hsomatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i som-\CX1matt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p being of the body.
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\Hsombre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1som\j\b\iba \Padjective\p somber dark, especially in a gloomy or dull way.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Isombre\j\b\i expression made us stop laughing' (= serious, gloomy). \Bsombrely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsombreness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Iumbra\j\b\i shade
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\Hsombrero\h
\Isay\j\b\i som-\CX1brair\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p a pointed hat with a very wide, upturned brim, as is worn in Mexico and south-west America. from Spanish, \Isombra\j\b\i, shade
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\Hsome\h
\Isay\j\b\i sum \Padjective\p not indicating a particular one, type, number, etc.: a) '\Isome\j\b\i day you will understand'; b) '\Isome\j\b\i people were late'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he remained silent for \Isome\j\b\i time' (= a fairly long).
b) 'that was certainly \Isome\j\b\i feat' (= a remarkable).
\Bsome\j\b\i \Ipronoun\j\b\i
an indefinite number of people or things: '\Isome\j\b\i were seen to leave early'.
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\Hsomebody\h
\Ppronoun\p some person: 'I saw \Isomebody\j\b\i who looks like you'. \Bsomebody\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person of importance.
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\Hsomehow\h
\Padverb\p in a way which is not known or understood: '\Isomehow\j\b\i I'll get my revenge'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I think \Isomehow\j\b\i that he won't try it' (= for no definite reason).
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\Hsomeone\h
\Ppronoun\p somebody.
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\Hsomersault\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1summ\j\b\ia-solt \Pnoun\p a complete circular roll of the body head over heels, either forwards or backwards.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her first feelings had undergone a \Isomersault\j\b\i' (= complete reversal). \Bsomersault\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsomething\h
\Ppronoun\p a thing which is not specified: 'I've got \Isomething\j\b\i to show you'.
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\Hsometime\h
\Padverb\p at a time not stated, especially in the future: 'we will arrive \Isometime\j\b\i after lunch'.
\Bsometime\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
former: 'a \Isometime\j\b\i director of our company'.
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\Hsometimes\h
\Padverb\p at times.
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\Hsomewhat\h
\Padverb\p to a certain degree: 'she is \Isomewhat\j\b\i foolish'.
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\Hsomewhere\h
\Padverb\p in, at or to a place not stated or known: 'I know that she is \Isomewhere\j\b\i in the garden'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the train arrives \Isomewhere\j\b\i between six and seven o'clock' (= sometime).
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\Hsomnambulism\h
\Isay\j\b\i som-\CX1nam\j\b\i-bew-lizm \Pnoun\p the habit or practice of sleepwalking. \Bsomnambulist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sleepwalker. Latin \Isomnus\j\b\i sleep + \Iambulare\j\b\i to walk
\Isay\j\b\i sun \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male child in relation to his parents.
\CX12.\j\b\i any male descendant.
\CX13.\j\b\i a male person strongly influenced by or involved with something: '\Isons\j\b\i of the soil'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a familiar term of address to a younger man from an older person.
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\Hsonar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1so\j\b\i-nar \Pnoun\p an electronic device or system using echoes from underwater soundwaves for detecting submarines, mines, shoals of fish, etc. \Bso\j\b\i(und) \Bn\j\b\i(avigation) \Ba\j\b\i(nd) \Br\j\b\i(anging)
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\Hsonata\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i an instrumental composition in three or four distinct and often contrasting movements. A \Bsonatina\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sonna-\CX1tee\j\b\ina) is a short or simplified sonata. Italian, sounded
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\Hsong\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a musical composition with words.
\CX12.\j\b\i any musical or melodious sound: 'the \Isong\j\b\i of a bird'.
\Bfor a song\j\b\i, 'I bought these old chairs \Ifor a song\j\b\i because they are damaged' (= very cheaply). \Bsongster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a singer, b) a bird which sings; \Bsongful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tuneful or full of melody.
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\Hsongbird\h
\Pnoun\p a bird which sings.
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\Hsonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p relating to sound: 'a \Isonic\j\b\i boom'. Latin \Isonus\j\b\i sound
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\Hsonic barrier\h
See \Jsound\j\b\i \Bbarrier\j\b\i.
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\Hsonic boom\h
a loud, explosive sound caused by an aircraft or missile moving faster than the speed of sound.
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\Hson-in-law\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsons-in-law\j\b\i
the husband of one's daughter.
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\Hsonnet\h
\Pnoun\p a poem of 14 lines, normally with ten syllables per line and a formal rhyme scheme.
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\Hsonny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sunn\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a familiar or affectionate term of address to a little boy.
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\Hsonorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sonn\j\b\ia-rus \Ior\j\b\i sa-\CX1naw\j\b\irus \Padjective\p having a deep, full sound: 'her \Isonorous\j\b\i snores woke me'. \Bsonorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsonorousness\j\b\i, \Bsonority\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1norr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isonor\j\b\i sound
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\Hsook\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i book \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cissy or coward.
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\Hsool\h
\Pverb\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to encourage a dog to chase or attack.
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\Hsoon\h
\Padverb\p in the near future: 'write to me \Isoon\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the rainy season came too \Isoon\j\b\i this year' (= early).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas soon\j\b\i, 'I would \Ias soon\j\b\i not come' (= willingly, in preference).
\Bas soon as\j\b\i, '\Ias soon as\j\b\i she spoke, the crowd cheered' (= immediately).
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\Hsoot\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i foot \Pnoun\p a black, usually powdery, substance formed by the incomplete burning of carbon fuels. It contains carbon plus many other substances, including sulphur and hydrocarbons. \Bsooty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) covered with soot, b) black or dark; \Bsootiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsooth\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i tooth \Pnoun\p an old word meaning truth or fact.
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\Hsoothe\h
\Pverb\p to bring ease or comfort to. \Bsoothingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsoothsayer\h
\Pnoun\p a prophet or fortune-teller.
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\Hsop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something, such as a piece of bread, which is soaked or dipped in a liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something given to appease or pacify another.
\CX13.\j\b\i a weak or cowardly person. \Bsop\j\b\i (\Bsopped\j\b\i, \Bsopping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to absorb, soak or become soaked.
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\Hsophism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sof\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p sophistry.
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\Hsophisticated\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1fist\j\b\ii-kaytid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fine, refined or cultured: 'she has a \Isophisticated\j\b\i taste in music'.
\CX12.\j\b\i worldly or having lost natural innocence or simplicity through education, experience, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this is a very \Isophisticated\j\b\i device' (= technologically advanced, complex). \Bsophistication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bsophisticated\j\b\i is now frequently a complimentary term but it originally meant adulterated or corrupted. Borrowed via Latin from Greek, it is derived from \IsophistΘs\j\b\i, an expert, and also the name for a member of a school of Greek philosophers (Sophists) who came to be known for their dishonest reasoning in arguments.
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\Hsophistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soff\j\b\iis-tree \Pnoun\p a) a false, tricky or deceptive argument. b) the use of such arguments. \Bsophist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Isophizein\j\b\i to make wise
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\Hsophomore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soff\j\b\ia-mor \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a student in second year at college.
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\Hsoporific\h
\Isay\j\b\i soppa-\CX1riff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or producing sleep. Latin \Isopor\j\b\i deep sleep + \Ifacere\j\b\i to make
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1prah\j\b\ino \Pnoun\p a) the highest singing voice in women and boys. b) any instrument having this range.
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\Hsorcerer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sor\j\b\isa-ra \Pnoun\p a person who practises magic, especially witchcraft. \Bsorceress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of sorcerer; \Bsorcery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, magic, especially witchcraft.
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\Hsordid\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wretched, filthy and shabby: 'a \Isordid\j\b\i slum'.
\CX12.\j\b\i mean, selfish and ignoble: '\Isordid\j\b\i deeds of cheats and swindlers'. \Bsordidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsordidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isordidus\j\b\i dirty
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\Hsore\h
\Padjective\p physically tender or painful.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that subject is a \Isore\j\b\i point with her' (= annoying, irritating).
b) 'don't get \Isore\j\b\i at me' (= annoyed, irritated).
c) 'I'm in \Isore\j\b\i need of money' (= great).
\Bsore\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a place on the body which is sore, inflamed or injured.
\CX12.\j\b\i a cause of distress, irritation, etc. \Bsorely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoreness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsorghum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sor\j\b\igum \Pnoun\p a large group of grasses grown largely in warm climates from which are obtained syrup or treacle.
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\Hsorority\h
\Isay\j\b\i so-\CX1rorr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a society of female students. Compare \Jfraternity\j\b\i. Latin \Isoror\j\b\i sister
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\Hsorrel (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a reddish-brown colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse of this colour.
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\Hsorrel (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a plant similar to spinach, having smaller, sour-tasting leaves.
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\Hsorrow\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i unhappiness or regret due to loss, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which causes such feelings: 'his death was a great \Isorrow\j\b\i to us'. \Bsorrow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to feel unhappiness or regret; \Bsorrowful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, feeling or causing sorrow; \Bsorrowfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsorry\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i feeling regret, sympathy, etc.: a) 'I'm \Isorry\j\b\i for my rudeness'; b) 'I'm \Isorry\j\b\i to hear you've been ill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i miserable or pitiful: 'the old camel was in a \Isorry\j\b\i condition'.
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\Hsort\h
\Pnoun\p a particular kind or type: a) 'what \Isort\j\b\i of music do you like?'; b) 'I said nothing of the \Isort\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she's a decent \Isort\j\b\i' (= person).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bof sorts\j\b\i, \Bof a sort\j\b\i, 'food \Iof sorts\j\b\i was provided' (= of a mediocre or poor kind).
\Bout of sorts\j\b\i, not in one's normal or best health or condition.
\Bsort of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to some extent.
\Bsort\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to arrange or separate into groups or sorts: '\Isort\j\b\i these eggs into their sizes'. \Bsorter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sorts, such as a post-office employee who sorts letters.
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\Hsortie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sor\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a raid or attack made against a besieging enemy. French \Isortir\j\b\i to go out
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\HSOS\h
\Isay\j\b\i ess-o-\CX1ess\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a distress signal or call for help. \Bs\j\b\i(ave) \Bo\j\b\i(ur) \Bs\j\b\i(ouls)
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\Hso-so\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) neither good nor bad. \Bso-so\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsot\h
\Pnoun\p a drunkard. French
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\Hsotto voce\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sot\j\b\ito \CX1vo\j\b\i-chay in a low voice. Italian, under the voice
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\Hsou\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo \Pnoun\p a very small sum of money. an old French coin of little value
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\Hsoubrette\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1bret\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a pert or coquettish young woman, especially such a character in an opera or play. French
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\HsoufflΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-flay \Pnoun\p a light, fluffy, baked dish made of savoury or sweet ingredients with beaten eggwhites.
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\Hsough\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pverb\p to make a sighing or murmuring sound. \Bsough\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a soughing sound.
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\Hsought\h
\Isay\j\b\i sawt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bseek\j\b\i.
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\Hsoul\h
\Isay\j\b\i sole \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the non-physical, spiritual or emotional centre of a person. b) this as the element which survives death.
\CX12.\j\b\i the nobler feelings or instincts: 'he has no \Isoul\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there wasn't a \Isoul\j\b\i in sight' (= person).
b) 'she's the \Isoul\j\b\i of wit' (= embodiment).
c) 'she was the life and \Isoul\j\b\i of the party' (= enlivening element).
\Bsell one's soul for\j\b\i, 'I'd \Isell my soul for\j\b\i a cup of tea' (= go to any lengths to get).
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\Hsoul-destroying\h
\Padjective\p unendurably monotonous or tedious; demoralising.
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\Hsoulful\h
\Padjective\p having or showing deep feeling: '\Isoulful\j\b\i eyes'. \Bsoulfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoulfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsoulless\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sole\j\b\i-less \Padjective\p heartless or unfeeling.
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\Hsoul mate\h
a perfect companion and partner in life.
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\Hsound (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any vibrations in the air which are detectable by the ear: 'the \Isound\j\b\i of music'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't like the \Isound\j\b\i of the news' (= implications).
\Bsound\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to make or give out a sound: 'the trumpets \Isounded\j\b\i'. b) to cause to make a sound: '\Isound\j\b\i the bells'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give a certain impression: 'your story \Isounds\j\b\i odd'.
\Bsound off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to speak angrily or dogmatically; b) to boast. \Bsoundless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsoundlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isonare\j\b\i to make a noise
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\Hsound (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i in good or healthy condition: '\Isound\j\b\i teeth'.
\CX12.\j\b\i reasonable or reliable: '\Isound\j\b\i advice'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I gave him a \Isound\j\b\i thrashing' (= thorough). \Bsoundly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsoundness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsound (3)\h
\Pverb\p to test or measure the depth of water, etc. e.g. by dropping a weighted line.
\Bsound someone out\j\b\i, to discover or try to discover someone's views by means of indirect questions, etc.
\Bsound\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something used for sounding, such as a slender instrument used to probe tubes or cavities in the body. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Iunda\j\b\i a wave
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\Hsound (4)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a) a narrow channel of water, such as a strait. b) an inlet of the sea.
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\Hsound barrier\h
also called the \Bsonic barrier\j\b\i
the rapid increase in drag as an aeroplane reaches the speed of sound.
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\Hsound bite\h
a brief excerpt from a recorded interview, political speech, etc. used for its impact, often as part of a broadcast or telecast news service.
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\Hsoundbox\h
\Pnoun\p the hollow part of a stringed instrument which increases the resonance.
#
\Hsound effects\h
any sounds other than speech or music, used on radio or film, such as the noise of trains, traffic, etc.
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\Hsounding-board\h
\Pnoun\p soundboard \CX11.\j\b\i a wooden board on a stringed instrument which increases and improves the sound by vibrating when the strings are struck.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing on whom new ideas, etc. are tested.
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\Hsoundproof\h
\Padjective\p not able to be penetrated by sound. \Bsoundproof\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make soundproof.
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\Hsoundtrack\h
\Pnoun\p a magnetic or other strip attached to a television video film, etc., on which sounds are recorded to be played through a loudspeaker.
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\Hsoundwave\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a wave by which sound is transmitted.
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\Hsoup\h
\Isay\j\b\i soop \Pnoun\p a liquid food made from meat, fish or vegetables and usually served hot.
\Bin the soup\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in trouble.
\Bsoup\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bsoup up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to modify a car engine to make it more powerful, especially by fitting a supercharger.
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\Hsoupìon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soop\j\b\i-son \Pnoun\p a very small trace or amount. French, suspicion
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\Hsoup kitchen\h
a place where soup or other food is served to poor people.
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\Hsour\h
\Padjective\p having a sharp, acid taste, as of vinegar or unripe fruit.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she had a \Isour\j\b\i expression' (= bad-tempered, surly). \Bsour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become sour; \Bsourly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsourness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsource\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i horse \Pnoun\p any place or thing from which something comes or starts: a) 'where is the \Isource\j\b\i of the river?'; b) 'my news is from a reliable \Isource\j\b\i'.
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\Hsour grapes\h
the act of criticising or pretending to despise something which one cannot have for oneself. from a fable by Aesop in which the fox pretended that the grapes it couldn't reach were sour
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\Hsouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw into or drench with water.
\Isay\j\b\i soo-tahn \Pnoun\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a priest's cassock.
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\Hsouth\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the direction along a meridian to the right of the position where the sun rises.
\CX12.\j\b\i the cardinal point of the compass at 90░ to the right of east and opposite north. \Bsouth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsouth-east\h
\Pnoun\p a) the point or direction midway between south and east. b) a region in this direction. \Bsouth-east\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in or towards the south-east, b) coming from the south-east; \Bsouth-easterly\j\b\i, \Bsouth-eastern\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, from or towards the south-east; \Bsouth-easterly\j\b\i, \Bsouth-easter\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a wind coming from the south-east; \Bsouth-easterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsoutherly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1su\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\ia-lee \Pnoun\p a wind coming from the south.
\Bsoutherly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of a direction, course, etc.) from or towards the south.
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\Hsouthern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1su\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\iern \Padjective\p (of a place) situated in the south.
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\Hsouthward\h
\Padjective\p towards the south. \Bsouthwards\j\b\i, \Bsouthward\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsouth-west\h
\Pnoun\p a) at the point or direction midway between south and west. b) a region in this direction. \Bsouth-west\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in or towards the south-west, b) coming from the south-west; \Bsouth-westerly\j\b\i, \Bsouth-western\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, from or towards the south-west; \Bsouth-westerly\j\b\i, \Bsouth-wester\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a wind coming from the south-west; \Bsouth-westerly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsouvenir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soov\j\b\ia-neer \Pnoun\p an object given or kept as a memento. French \Ise souvenir\j\b\i to remember
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\Hsou'wester\h
\Isay\j\b\i sow-\CX1west\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a waterproof hat with a downturned brim long enough to cover a collar at the back.
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\Hsovereign\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sov\j\b\i-rin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a gold coin.
\Bsovereign\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
having supreme rank, power or authority.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the colony fought to become a \Isovereign\j\b\i state' (= independent).
\Bsovereignty\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the status or power of a sovereign or sovereign state.
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\Hsow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i so \Pverb\p (\Bsowed\j\b\i, \Bsown\j\b\i, \Bsowing\j\b\i)
to plant or scatter seed, etc. so that it will grow.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you are \Isowing\j\b\i discontent among the people' (= introducing, spreading). \Bsower\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sows.
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\Hsow (2)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i cow \Pnoun\p an adult female pig.
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\Hsoya bean\h
soy bean the nutritious seed of an Asian plant, used as food and as a source of oil.
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\Hsoy sauce\h
soya sauce a salty, dark brown sauce made from fermented soya beans and used in Asian cooking for flavouring and as a marinade.
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\Hsozzled\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) drunk.
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\Hspa\h
\Pnoun\p a) a mineral spring. b) a health resort where there is a mineral spring. c) a bath fitted with water jets, usually spraying warm water. after \ISpa\j\b\i, a resort town in Belgium
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\Hspace\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) that in which all objects exist and move. b) a portion of this: 'how much \Ispace\j\b\i will this table take up?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. Also called \Bouter space\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) an area or extent of a surface: 'fill in the blank \Ispaces\j\b\i on the form'. b) an extent of time: 'a \Ispace\j\b\i of half an hour'.
\Bspace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to fix, divide or separate into spaces or intervals: '\Ispace\j\b\i your words further apart'.
#
\Hspace capsule\h
a container for instruments or astronauts, which may be sent into space and recovered on its return.
#
\Hspacecraft\h
\Pnoun\p a vehicle designed to travel outside the earth's atmosphere.
a \Bspaceship\j\b\i is a spacecraft with a crew.
a \Bspace station\j\b\i is a spaceship or satellite in semi-permanent orbit.
#
\Hspace heater\h
a heater designed to heat the whole of an enclosed area, such as a single room.
#
\Hspaceman\h
\Pnoun\p a) an astronaut. b) a being who lives in outer space.
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\Hspace probe\h
a spacecraft which sends information back to earth on conditions in space.
#
\Hspaceship\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jspacecraft\j\b\i.
#
\Hspace shuttle\h
\Pnoun\p a re-useable, rocket-propelled spacecraft used to transport people and equipment between earth and a satellite.
#
\Hspace station\h
See \Jspacecraft\j\b\i.
#
\Hspacesuit\h
\Pnoun\p a protective garment worn by astronauts, which can withstand high or low temperatures, radiation, etc. and carries its own oxygen supply.
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\Hspacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p occupying or providing much space: 'a comfortable, \Ispacious\j\b\i house'. \Bspaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspaciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspade (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a long-handled tool with a broad, flat blade for digging.
\Bcall a spade a spade\j\b\i, to speak plainly.
#
\Hspade (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \ICards:\j\b\i a) a black figure like an inverted heart on a playing card. b) a playing card with this figure. c) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the suit with this figure.
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\Hspadework\h
\Pnoun\p any hard work needed at the start of something.
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\Hspaghetti\h
\Isay\j\b\i spa-\CX1gett\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p a pasta made into long, thin tubes or threads. Italian, little cords
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\Hspake\h
\Pverb\p the old past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bspeak\j\b\i.
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\Hspam\h
\Pnoun\p a tinned pressed meat mixture, mainly ham. a trade name from \Bsp\j\b\i(iced) (h)am\j\b\i
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\Hspan\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the distance between two edges or extremes of something, such as the tips of a pair of wings or two supports of a bridge.
\CX12.\j\b\i the full reach or extent of anything: 'a life \Ispan\j\b\i of 60 years'.
\Bspan\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bspanned\j\b\i, \Bspanning\j\b\i)
to extend over or across: 'a bridge \Ispanned\j\b\i the river'.
#
\Hspangle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small thin disc of shining metal, used to decorate dresses, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any bright or glittering part, piece, etc. \Bspangle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to decorate or glitter with spangles.
#
\Hspaniel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1span\j\b\i-y'l \Pnoun\p any of various small, long-haired gun-dogs.
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\Hspank\h
\Pverb\p to slap the buttocks with the open hand, etc.
\Bspanking\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a slapping on the buttocks, especially as a punishment.
\Bspanking\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i brisk or rapid: 'a \Ispanking\j\b\i pace'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very fine or excellent: 'in \Ispanking\j\b\i health'. \Bspank\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a smart or resounding slap; \Bspanking\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (informal) very.
#
\Hspanner\h
\Pnoun\p a metal bar with jaws or a hole at its end for turning a bolt, nut, pipe, etc.
\Bspanner in the works\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) something which disrupts, confuses or obstructs. German \Ispannen\j\b\i to tighten up
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\Hspar (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any strong pole, such as a mast or a boom supporting a ship's sails.
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\Hspar (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsparred\j\b\i, \Bsparring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to strike or box with light punches, e.g. for exercise or practice.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to argue or dispute. \Bspar\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspar (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any of various lustrous and easily cleavable crystalline minerals.
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\Hspare\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i extra: a) 'I've no \Ispare\j\b\i time'; b) 'a \Ispare\j\b\i tyre'.
\CX12.\j\b\i small or meagre: 'a \Ispare\j\b\i diet'.
\Bspare\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to refrain from hurting, damaging, destroying, etc.: 'the judge \Ispared\j\b\i the man's life'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to dispense or part with from a supply: 'can you \Ispare\j\b\i me a dollar?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to use economically: '\Ispare\j\b\i the butter as there's not much left'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'no expense was \Ispared\j\b\i' (= denied).
\Bspare\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something extra or in reserve: 'this tyre is a \Ispare\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITenpin bowling:\j\b\i a score obtained by knocking over all the tenpins in two successive shots. Compare \Jstrike\j\b\i. \Bsparely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspareness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsparerib\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a cut of meat, especially pork, containg a front rib with little fat on it.
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\Hsparing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spair\j\b\iing \Padjective\p careful or economical: 'she's \Isparing\j\b\i in her use of money'. \Bsparingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tiny glowing particle, especially one thrown out by a fire or produced by striking flint and metal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a brief electrical discharge usually with a visible flash, and some sound.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'Jill didn't show much \Ispark\j\b\i at the party' (= liveliness).
b) 'he hasn't a \Ispark\j\b\i of kindness in him' (= slight bit).
\Bspark\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to produce or throw out sparks.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of an ignition system) to start functioning correctly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he tried to \Ispark\j\b\i some interest' (= stimulate).
\Bspark off\j\b\i, 'the speech \Isparked off\j\b\i a riot' (= started).
#
\Hsparkle\h
\Pverb\p to send out or shine with sparks or little gleams of light.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his conversation \Isparkled\j\b\i with wit' (= was brilliant).
\Bsparkle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small spark or gleam.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was full of \Isparkle\j\b\i' (= liveliness, brilliance).
#
\Hsparkler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a taper-like firework that gives off small sparks and is held in the hand.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a diamond.
#
\Hspark plug\h
also called a \Bsparking plug\j\b\i
a device screwed into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, used to ignite the fuel by an electric spark.
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\Hsparrow\h
\Pnoun\p a small, brown bird related to the finch.
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\Hsparrowhawk\h
\Pnoun\p a long-legged, short-winged bird of prey related to the falcon and preying on other birds.
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\Hsparse\h
\Padjective\p thin or thinly scattered: a) 'a \Isparse\j\b\i beard'; b) 'the \Isparse\j\b\i population in a desert'. \Bsparsely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsparseness\j\b\i, \Bsparsity\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isparsus\j\b\i scattered
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\HSpartan\h
\Padjective\p sternly and rigorously austere or disciplined. \BSpartan\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bspartan\j\b\i is the \Padjective\p from \ISparta\j\b\i - an ancient Greek city noted for the military skills, courage and discipline of its inhabitants. They were also noted for the plainness of their diet and lifestyle, and it is this last quality that we are referring to today when we speak of someone living in \ISpartan\j\b\i conditions.
#
\Hspasm\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, involuntary movement of the muscles.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he only works in \Ispasms\j\b\i' (= short, sudden bursts).
done or occurring in short, irregular bursts. \Bspasmodically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspastic\h
\Padjective\p suffering from continuous or uncontrollable muscle spasms, as in cerebral palsy. \Bspastic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is spastic; \Bspastically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspat (1)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bspit (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hspat (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a slight quarrel or dispute. \Bspat\j\b\i (\Bspatted\j\b\i, \Bspatting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspatchcock\h
\Pnoun\p a very small chicken which is split open, skewered flat and grilled.
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\Hspate\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden flood or rush: 'a \Ispate\j\b\i of business activity before Christmas'.
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\Hspatial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spay\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to space or spaces: 'the painting's \Ispatial\j\b\i qualities'.
\CX12.\j\b\i existing or occurring in space. \Bspatially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspatiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i spay-shee-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspats\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of stiff, cloth covers enclosing the ankle and the top part of a shoe.
#
\Hspatter\h
\Pverb\p to splash or sprinkle in many directions: 'the bus \Ispattered\j\b\i mud all over my new trousers'. \Bspatter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a shower or sprinkling, b) a splash or spot of something spattered.
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\Hspatula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spat\j\b\i-yoo-la \Pnoun\p a tool with a flat blade for lifting, mixing or spreading food, etc. Latin
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\Hspavin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spavv\j\b\iin \Pnoun\p any of a group of diseases of horses causing enlargement of the hock joint.
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\Hspawn\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the mass of egg cells emitted by fish and other aquatic organisms. b) the thread-like matter from which mushrooms, etc. grow.
\Bspawn\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to produce or shed spawn.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'high prices \Ispawned\j\b\i discontent and riots' (= caused).
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\Hspay\h
\Pverb\p to remove the ovaries of a female animal to prevent it having offspring. Compare \Jcastrate\j\b\i. Old French \Iespeer\j\b\i to cut with a sword
to utter or \Ppronoun\pce words in an ordinary voice: 'can your baby \Ispeak\j\b\i yet?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she wants to \Ispeak\j\b\i to you' (= converse).
b) 'Janet's \Ispeaking\j\b\i the truth' (= expressing).
c) 'he \Ispoke\j\b\i for four hours to a packed hall' (= lectured).
d) 'do you \Ispeak\j\b\i Spanish?' (= know and are able to use).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bso to speak\j\b\i, as one might say.
\Bspeak for\j\b\i, a) 'this \Ispeaks\j\b\i well \Ifor\j\b\i his ability' (= is evidence of); b) 'I shall \Ispeak for\j\b\i you in court' (= act on behalf of); c) 'this chair is \Ispoken for\j\b\i' (= reserved).
\Bspeaking likeness\j\b\i, a real or lifelike resemblance.
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a place where alcoholic drinks were sold illegally, especially during prohibition.
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\Hspeaker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who speaks, especially one who addresses a meeting, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i a loudspeaker.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IParliament:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a member of the House of Representatives elected to control its meeting.
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\Hspear\h
\Pnoun\p a weapon with a sharp, pointed blade mounted on a long pole.
\Bspear\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to pierce or wound with or as with a spear.
#
\Hspearfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of various large marine fish, such as the marlin, having a sword-shaped snout.
#
\Hspear-grass\h
\Pnoun\p an often large, tussock-like plant with upright stiff, sharp-pointed blades.
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\Hspear gun\h
an underwater gun that fires a barbed spear, powered by springs or compressed air.
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\Hspearhead\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the sharply pointed head of a spear.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that leads an attack, etc. \Bspearhead\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspearmint\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of mint with small purplish flowers, yielding an aromatic oil used as a flavouring.
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\Hspec\h
\Pnoun\p \Bon spec\j\b\i, as a risk or gamble. short form of \Ispeculation\j\b\i
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\Hspecial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spesh\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of a distinct kind: a) 'this is a \Ispecial\j\b\i holiday train'; b) 'did you come here for any \Ispecial\j\b\i purpose?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i belonging exclusively to a particular person or thing: 'the \Ispecial\j\b\i features of our leasing arrangements'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'dining out on a \Ispecial\j\b\i occasion' (= not ordinary or usual).
b) 'he is a very \Ispecial\j\b\i friend' (= to an exceptional degree).
\Bspecial offer\j\b\i, an article offered at, or as if at, a reduced price.
\Bspecial\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is special, such as a special edition of a newspaper. \Bspecially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, particularly. Latin \Ispecialis\j\b\i individual
#
\Hspecial correspondent\h
a journalist commissioned to report on a particular field of interest or a specific event.
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\Hspecialise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spesh\j\b\ia-lize \Pverb\p specialize \CX11.\j\b\i to follow a special line of study or activity: 'she \Ispecialises\j\b\i in foreign languages'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i to adapt for a particular purpose: 'a fish's gills are \Ispecialised\j\b\i to allow it to breathe in water'. \Bspecialisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hspecialist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who studies or is skilled in one particular subject or branch of a subject: 'a skin \Ispecialist\j\b\i'. \Bspecialism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspeciality\h
\Isay\j\b\i speshi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bspecialty\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spesh\j\b\iul-tee)
\CX11.\j\b\i something which is special or distinct.
\CX12.\j\b\i an activity or product particularly dealt with by a person or business: 'the chef's \Ispeciality\j\b\i is curried beef'.
#
\Hspecial school\h
a school for physically or mentally disabled children.
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\Hspecie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spee\j\b\i-shee \Pnoun\p plural is \Bspecie\j\b\i
coin or coined money.
#
\Hspecies\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spee\j\b\i-seez \Ior\j\b\i \CX1spee\j\b\i-sheez \Pnoun\p plural is \Bspecies\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the group below genus, used in the classification of animals or plants. It indicates a group of individuals able to breed among themselves but not with members of another such group.
\CX12.\j\b\i a distinct group or sort. Latin, outward appearance
#
\Hspecific\h
\Isay\j\b\i spe-\CX1siff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p precise or particular: 'try to give a \Ispecific\j\b\i description'. \Bspecific\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something that is specific, such as a remedy for a particular disease; \Bspecifically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspecification\h
\Isay\j\b\i spessifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of specifying.
\CX12.\j\b\i a statement of details and instructions, such as the dimensions and materials to be used for a building.
#
\Hspecific gravity\h
also called \Brelative density\j\b\i
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at a given temperature, commonly 15░C.
#
\Hspecific heat\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass of a substance by one degree.
#
\Hspecific volume\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the volume occupied by one gram of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
#
\Hspecify\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spess\j\b\ii-fie \Pverb\p to mention specifically or definitely: 'please \Ispecify\j\b\i your time of arrival'.
#
\Hspecimen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spess\j\b\ii-m'n \Pnoun\p a single part or thing taken as typical or representative: 'this painting is a \Ispecimen\j\b\i of the work I do'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's a very strange \Ispecimen\j\b\i' (= person). Latin, visible evidence
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\Hspecious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spee\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p deceptively good, correct or pleasing, but not having real worth: 'a \Ispecious\j\b\i argument'. \Bspeciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspeciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ispeciosus\j\b\i showy
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\Hspeck\h
\Pnoun\p a very small spot or particle. \Bspecked\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, marked with specks.
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\Hspeckle\h
\Pnoun\p a small mark or spot. \Bspeckle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to mark with speckles.
#
\Hspecs\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) spectacles.
#
\Hspectacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spek\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything viewed or seen: 'the sunset was a fine \Ispectacle\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an impressive or large-scale public show or display.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of glass lenses in a frame which rests on the nose and ears, worn to aid or improve eyesight. Also called \Bglasses\j\b\i.
\Bmake a spectacle of oneself\j\b\i, to draw attention to oneself by unseemly dress or behaviour.
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\Hspectacular\h
\Isay\j\b\i spek-\CX1tak\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p making an impressive sight: 'a \Ispectacular\j\b\i display of fireworks'.
\Bspectacular\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a film, etc. which is lavishly produced, relying on crowd scenes, elaborate scenic effects, etc. rather than subtlety of plot or characters. \Bspectacularly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspectator\h
\Isay\j\b\i spek-\CX1tay\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a person who watches or looks on.
#
\Hspectral\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like a spectre.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to a spectrum.
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\Hspectre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spek\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a ghost or apparition.
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\Hspectrometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i spek-\CX1tromm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used in measuring refractions of a spectrum.
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\Hspectroscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spek\j\b\itra-skope \Pnoun\p an optical instrument which separates light into its component colours. \Bspectroscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i spektra-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hspectrum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bspectra\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the series of bands produced when a wave is split up into its component frequencies. White light forms bands of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
\CX12.\j\b\i a range of ideas, beliefs, etc. Latin, image
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\Hspectrum analysis\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the determination of the chemical composition of substances by means of the spectra they produce.
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\Hspeculate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spek\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to meditate or reflect on a given subject.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form hypotheses or opinions on the basis of little or no evidence.
\CX13.\j\b\i to undertake risky business or investments in the hope of making a large profit. \Bspeculator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who speculates; \Bspeculative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bspeculation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspeculum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spek\j\b\i-yoo-lum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bspecula\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a mirror or reflector, especially one of polished metal.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i any instrument used to inspect an inaccessible part of the body.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a brightly coloured area on the wing of certain birds.
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\Hspeech\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power or act of speaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i a spoken address, usually formal.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person's manner of speaking: 'her \Ispeech\j\b\i is slow and difficult to hear'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the language or dialect of a region, country, etc. \Bspeechless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, characterised by absence or loss of speech; \Bspeechlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspeechlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspeed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a swiftness in moving, travelling, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the rate of change of linear displacement, regardless of direction. Compare \Jvelocity\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any of various strong amphetamines.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a measure of the exposure required by an emulsion.
\Bat full speed\j\b\i, as fast as possible.
\Bspeed\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsped\j\b\i or \Bspeeded\j\b\i, \Bspeeding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move swiftly: 'he \Isped\j\b\i past'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to increase the rate of progress: 'we must \Ispeed\j\b\i up production'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to drive a motor vehicle faster than the speed-limit. \Bspeedy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bspeedily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspeediness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bspeeder\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspeedboat\h
\Pnoun\p a small, fast motor boat.
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\Hspeed-limit\h
\Pnoun\p a) the maximum legal speed at which a vehicle may travel in a particular area. b) the regulation which orders this.
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\Hspeedometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i spee-\CX1domm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument for measuring the speed of, and distance travelled in, a vehicle.
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\Hspeed-trap\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices, such as radar, etc., used by police to verify the speed of motor vehicles.
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\Hspeedway\h
\Pnoun\p a racetrack for motor vehicles.
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\Hspeedy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jspeed\j\b\i.
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\Hspeleology\h
\Isay\j\b\i speeli-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study and exploration of caves. \Bspeleologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bspeleological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i speelia-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Ispelaion\j\b\i cave + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Hspell (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspelt\j\b\i or \Bspelled\j\b\i, \Bspelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to name or write the letters of a word, etc. correctly.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of letters) to form: 'c-a-t \Ispells\j\b\i cat'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to signify: 'the storm \Ispelt\j\b\i disaster for the rowing boat'.
\Bspell out\j\b\i, a) to read slowly or laboriously; b) to explain in detail. \Bspeller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who spells, b) a spelling textbook.
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\Hspell (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a word or words believed to have magic power.
\CX12.\j\b\i any strong influence.
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\Hspell (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a short period of time: 'she went away for a \Ispell\j\b\i'. b) a period of weather: 'a hot \Ispell\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short turn of work: 'I took a \Ispell\j\b\i at the wheel so that the driver could rest'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a coughing \Ispell\j\b\i' (= fit).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i an interval or period of rest, such as is given to racehorses. \Bspell\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to take a rest or give a period of rest to.
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\Hspellbound\h
\Padjective\p entranced.
#
\Hspell checker\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i a software program, usually within a word processing application, which checks the spelling of a document and alerts the user to mistakes.
Compare \Jgrammar checker\j\b\i.
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\Hspelt\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bspell (1)\j\b\i.
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\Hspencer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spen\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p a thin, warm vest, usually with long sleeves.
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\Hspend\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspent\j\b\i, \Bspending\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to pay out money, etc.: 'I \Ispent\j\b\i $20 at the supermarket'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the storm had \Ispent\j\b\i its fury' (= used up, exhausted).
\CX12.\j\b\i to make use of time, etc.: 'she \Ispent\j\b\i the weekend in the country'. \Bspender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspendthrift\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is extravagant or wasteful with money or possessions.
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\Hsperm\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsperm\j\b\i
a) a spermatozoon. b) semen. \Bspermatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sper-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Isperma\j\b\i seed
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\Hspermaceti\h
\Isay\j\b\i sperma-\CX1see\j\b\iti \Ior\j\b\i sperma-\CX1sett\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p a waxy substance obtained from the oil of certain whales and used in ointments and cosmetics.
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\Hspermatozoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i spermita-\CX1zo\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p plural is \Bspermatozoa\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a male reproductive cell.
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\Hspew\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to vomit.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the factory \Ispews\j\b\i all its waste into the river' (= discharges).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be irritated: 'the team's loss made me \Ispew\j\b\i'.
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\Hsphagnum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sfag\j\b\i-num \Pnoun\p any of a group of mosses growing in damp areas and building up into layers of peat.
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\Hsphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i sfeer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a three-dimensional circular figure with all points on its surface equidistant from its centre, e.g. the moon, a tennis-ball.
\CX12.\j\b\i an environment or field of activity, etc.: 'my social \Isphere\j\b\i is rather limited'. \Bspherical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sferr\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having the rounded shape of a sphere. Greek \Isphaira\j\b\i a ball
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\Hspherical aberration\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jaberration\j\b\i.
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\Hsphincter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sfink\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a ring of muscle, such as the anus, surrounding an opening or tube within the body and able to close it. Greek \Isphingein\j\b\i to throttle
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\HSphinx\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IEgyptian mythology:\j\b\i a wingless monster with the head of a man and the body of a lion.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGreek mythology:\j\b\i a winged monster with the head and breasts of a woman, and the body of a lion, who killed those that could not solve her riddles.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) an enigmatic person.
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\Hspice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a substance from a plant, such as pepper, etc., which is used to add flavour to food.
\CX12.\j\b\i something that is interesting or adds flavour: 'variety is the \Ispice\j\b\i of life'. \Bspice\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bspicy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, like or containing spice, b) scandalous or sensational; \Bspicily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspiciness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspick and span\h
very neat and clean. \Bspick-and-span\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hspider\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any of various wingless, eight-legged arthropods, which usually spin webs and with head and thorax fused together but separated from the abdomen.
\CX12.\j\b\i a drink made with lemonade and ice-cream. \Bspidery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, long and thin.
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\Hspiel\h
\Isay\j\b\i shpeel \Ior\j\b\i speel \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any glib or plausible talk, such as a salesperson's prepared speech. German, play
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\Hspier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-er \Pnoun\p See \Jspy\j\b\i.
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\Hspigot\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spigg\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p a device for stopping the hole in a barrel, etc.
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\Hspike (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strong, pointed piece of metal, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sharp metal projection on the sole of a running-shoe or golf shoe.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of shoes with such projections, worn by athletes, etc.
\Bspike\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to impale or injure with a spike.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put an end to: 'his reappearance \Ispiked\j\b\i all rumours about his death'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to add alcohol to. \Bspiky\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-kee), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like or having a spike or spikes, b) easily irritated.
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\Hspike (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an ear of grain.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long cluster of stalkless or nearly stalkless flowers.
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\Hspill (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspilt\j\b\i or \Bspilled\j\b\i, \Bspilling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to run or fall out, as from a container.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'who \Ispilt\j\b\i the story to the newspapers?' (= told, disclosed).
b) 'much blood was \Ispilt\j\b\i in the battle' (= shed).
c) 'he was \Ispilt\j\b\i from his horse at the first jump' (= caused to fall).
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i to let the wind out of the sails. \Bspill\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of spilling.
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\Hspill (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a piece of wood or paper used to light candles, etc.
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\Hspillway\h
\Pnoun\p an overflow channel on a dam, reservoir, etc.
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\Hspin\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspun\j\b\i or \Bspan\j\b\i, \Bspun\j\b\i, \Bspinning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make yarn by twisting and winding fibres into a long thread.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of spiders, etc.) to form a thread, web, etc. by giving out a sticky substance.
\CX13.\j\b\i to rotate rapidly: 'she \Ispun\j\b\i the coin on the table'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Ispin\j\b\i a story' (= tell).
\Bspin out\j\b\i, to draw out or make last.
\Bspin\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a rapid rotating movement.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her head was in a \Ispin\j\b\i due to all the excitement' (= confused state).
b) 'let's take the car for a \Ispin\j\b\i' (= short journey).
c) 'the plane went into a \Ispin\j\b\i' (= continuously spinning descent). \Bspinner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that spins, such as a fishing lure which rotates rapidly in the water.
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\Hspina bifida\h
\Isay\j\b\i spine-a \CX1biff\j\b\ii-da a disabling, congenital condition in which the spinal meninges protrude through their bony coverings. Latin \Ispina\j\b\i spine + \Ibifidus\j\b\i split in two
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\Hspinach\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spin\j\b\iitch \Pnoun\p a green, leafy vegetable.
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\Hspinal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-n'l \Padjective\p See \Jspine\j\b\i.
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\Hspinal column\h
See \Jvertebral column\j\b\i.
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\Hspinal cord\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a cylinder of nerve tissue extending from the base of the brain down the inside of the vertebral column.
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\Hspindle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rod onto which thread or yarn is wound for spinning or sewing.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various rods or thin shafts which revolve or serve as an axis for larger revolving parts, e.g. in a lathe.
to extract most of the water from wet clothes by spinning them rapidly in a machine. \Bspin-drier\j\b\i, \Bspin-dryer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a machine for spin-drying clothes.
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\Hspine\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the vertebral column; the backbone.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ridge, e.g. of ground, rock, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a pointed projection on an animal or plant, such as a quill or thorn.
\CX14.\j\b\i the part of a cover of a book which holds the pages together. \Bspinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to a spine, especially the vertebral column; \Bspiny\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, (of animals and plants) having or resembling spines.
#
\Hspine-chilling\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) making one fearfully apprehensive. \Bspine-chiller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a book, play or film designed to make one fearful.
#
\Hspineless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking moral courage or resolution.
\CX12.\j\b\i lacking a spine or spines. \Bspinelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspinelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspinet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spinn\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a small, wing-shaped type of harpsichord, now seldom played. Latin \Ispina\j\b\i spine (as the strings were plucked by quills)
#
\Hspinifex\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of coarse, Australian grasses.
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\Hspinnaker\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spinn\j\b\ia-ka \Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i a very large ballooning jib-sail hoisted when racing before the wind.
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\Hspinner\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jspin\j\b\i.
#
\Hspinneret\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spinn\j\b\ia-ret \Pnoun\p an organ in an insect or spider which produces the thread for a cocoon or web.
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\Hspinney\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spin\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p a small, dense group of trees or shrubs.
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\Hspinning jenny\h
an early spinning machine which had several spindles, so that more than one yarn could be spun at one time.
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\Hspinning wheel\h
any of various machines for spinning flax or wool, consisting of a spindle driven by a wheel which is worked by a foot treadle.
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\Hspin-off\h
\Pnoun\p any incidental benefits in other fields resulting from research and development in a particular field: 'pocket calculators are a \Ispin-off\j\b\i from space research'.
#
\Hspinster\h
\Pnoun\p an unmarried woman. \Bspinsterhood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspiny\h
\Padjective\p See \Jspine\j\b\i.
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\Hspiny anteater\h
See \Jechidna\j\b\i.
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\Hspiracle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spirr\j\b\ia-k'l \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a small hole for exchange of gases during respiration, found in insects, fish and some other animals.
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\Hspiral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-r'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a continuous curve moving around a fixed point at a steadily increasing or decreasing distance, as a watch-spring.
\CX12.\j\b\i a continuous curve winding round a central axis but continually changing plane, as in a spiral staircase or the thread of a screw.
\CX13.\j\b\i a continuously quickening increase or decrease: 'a wage \Ispiral\j\b\i'. \Bspiral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bspiral\j\b\i (\Bspiralled\j\b\i, \Bspiralling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to have a spiral shape or movement; \Bspirally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspire\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an upright, tapering structure on top of a church tower or other building.
\CX12.\j\b\i the top part or point of something which tapers upwards. Greek \Ispeira\j\b\i a coil
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\Hspirit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the soul.
\CX12.\j\b\i any supernatural or divine being, such as a ghost, fairy, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i the essential part of a person's feelings, emotions, character, etc.: 'the hard life had broken her \Ispirit\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the state of one's mind, feelings, etc.: 'to be in high \Ispirits\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the university was filled with the \Ispirit\j\b\i of revolution' (= inspiring force).
b) 'he is well liked for his intelligence and \Ispirit\j\b\i' (= liveliness, courage).
c) 'try to join in the \Ispirit\j\b\i of Christmas' (= dominant mood).
d) 'I could only grasp the \Ispirit\j\b\i of her letter' (= general meaning).
e) 'all players have a strong team \Ispirit\j\b\i' (= loyalty).
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any strong distilled alcoholic liquor.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a solution of a substance in alcohol.
\Bspirit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to carry off secretly or mysteriously.
\Bspirited\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having liveliness or courage.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to a person's mood or emotional state: 'a \Ihigh-spirited\j\b\i young man'. \Bspiritedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspiritedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ispiritus\j\b\i breathing
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\Hspirit level\h
an instrument for finding a true horizontal level, by means of a bubble of air which floats in a tube of alcohol set in a frame.
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\Hspirits of salt\h
a solution of hydrochloric acid in water.
#
\Hspiritual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spirr\j\b\ii-tewl \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the soul rather than the physical body.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to supernatural beings.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or relating to religious or sacred things.
\Bspiritual\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a religious folk song which originated among Black Americans. \Bspiritually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspirituality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i spirri-tew-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspiritualism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spirr\j\b\ii-tew-lizm \Pnoun\p a) the belief that spirits of the dead can be contacted by the living. b) the practices, such as seances, associated with such a belief. \Bspiritualist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspirochaete\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-ro-keet \Pnoun\p a bacterium with an elongated and spirally twisted cell, many types of which cause diseases.
#
\Hspit (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspat\j\b\i or \Bspit\j\b\i, \Bspitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to eject from the mouth, especially saliva: 'I \Ispat\j\b\i out the tablet'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Ispat\j\b\i out his words' (= uttered violently).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of rain or snow) to fall in light, scattered drops.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a noise as if spitting: 'the wood fire hissed and \Ispat\j\b\i'.
\Bspit it out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to speak.
\Bspit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i saliva.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of spitting.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a spitting image.
\Bspit and polish\j\b\i, a careful cleaning, as of military equipment, etc.
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\Hspit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pointed, revolving rod for roasting food over a grill or fire.
\CX12.\j\b\i a narrow ridge of land projecting into the sea. \Bspit\j\b\i (\Bspitted\j\b\i, \Bspitting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to pierce or stab with or as if with a spit.
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\Hspite\h
\Pnoun\p a malicious urge or desire to hurt, humilitate or annoy.
\Bin spite of\j\b\i, 'I will do it \Iin spite of\j\b\i your advice' (= regardless of).
\Bspite\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to annoy or thwart because of spite. \Bspiteful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of spite; \Bspitefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspitefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hspitfire\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has a fiery temper.
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\Hspitting image\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the close likeness or counterpart of a person, etc.
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\Hspittle\h
\Pnoun\p saliva.
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\Hspittoon\h
\Pnoun\p a vessel or bowl for spitting into.
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\Hspiv\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a black-market dealer or petty criminal, especially one who dresses in a vulgar or flashy way and does no regular work.
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\Hsplash\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to wet or soil with drops of water, mud, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a liquid) to fly about and fall in drops.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make a noise similar to that made by splashing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the news was \Isplashed\j\b\i across the front page of the newspaper' (= displayed very prominently).
\Bsplash out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to spend money lavishly.
\Bsplash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of splashing.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a quantity of liquid splashed around or on something. b) a mark or spot caused by something splashed.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Isplash\j\b\i of colour' (= patch, small area).
b) 'the extravagant party made a big \Isplash\j\b\i' (= sensation). \Bsplashy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hsplash-down\h
\Pnoun\p the landing of a spacecraft in the sea following its flight.
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\Hsplatter\h
\Pverb\p to splash.
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\Hsplay\h
\Pverb\p to spread out or extend.
\Bsplay\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
spread out.
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\Hsplay-footed\h
\Padjective\p having broad flat feet which turn outwards.
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\Hspleen\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large, red organ which lies between the stomach and the left kidney and produces lymph cells and stores red blood cells.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bad temper or spite: 'she always vents her \Ispleen\j\b\i on her poor dog'. \Bsplenetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sple-\CX1nett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. from Greek
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\Hsplendid\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i superb or brilliant: 'a \Isplendid\j\b\i sunset'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very satisfactory: 'what a \Isplendid\j\b\i end to the story'. \Bsplendidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsplendidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsplendiferous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i splen-\CX1diff\j\b\i'rus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) splendid.
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\Hsplendour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1splen\j\b\ider \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a superb or brilliant appearance, colouring, etc.: 'the \Isplendour\j\b\i and display of the royal visit'.
\CX12.\j\b\i glory or distinction: 'the \Isplendour\j\b\i of ancient Rome'.
#
\Hsplice\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to join two parts or pieces by interweaving e.g. ropes, overlapping e.g. wood, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to join in marriage. \Bsplice\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a joint made by splicing.
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\Hspline\h
\Pnoun\p a) a strip of metal which fits into and locks with matching slots, e.g. in a shaft and wheel. b) one of the slots.
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\Hsplint\h
\Pnoun\p a thin piece of wood, metal or leather used to keep an injured or diseased bone or joint fixed in a desirable position. \Bsplint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to secure in position by means of a splint or splints.
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\Hsplinter\h
\Pnoun\p a sharp, slender piece of wood, metal, glass, etc. split or broken off from a main body. \Bsplinter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to split or break into splinters; \Bsplintery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsplinter group\h
a group of members of an organisation who separate from the others, especially after a disagreement.
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\Hsplit\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsplit\j\b\i, \Bsplitting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to break or divide, especially from one end to the other.
\CX12.\j\b\i to divide or separate in any way: a) 'the substance was \Isplit\j\b\i into its elements'; b) 'opinions were \Isplit\j\b\i over the matter'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Isplit\j\b\i his trousers as he sat down' (= burst, ripped).
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to leave.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsplit on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the criminal \Isplit on\j\b\i his mates' (= betrayed, divulged secrets about).
\Bsplit one's sides\j\b\i, to laugh heartily.
\Bsplit the difference\j\b\i, to reach agreement by both sides compromising an equal amount.
\Bsplit up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to share or divide up; b) to part or become separated.
\Bsplit\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a crack caused by splitting.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isplit\j\b\i within the committee' (= sharp division of opinion).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a share: 'here's your \Isplit\j\b\i of the loot'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the spreading of one's legs along the floor so that they form a straight line at right angles to, or in the plane of, the body.
\CX14.\j\b\i a dish made from sliced fruit and ice-cream covered with nuts and syrup.
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\Hsplit infinitive\h
a simple infinitive, such as \Ito leave\j\b\i, with a word dividing it. \IExample\j\b\i: \Ito\j\b\i hurriedly \Ileave\j\b\i.
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\Hsplit-level\h
\Padjective\p (of a building, etc.) having certain floors slightly above or below the main storey level.
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\Hsplit pea\h
a dried pea, which naturally falls into two halves when hulled, used chiefly to make soup.
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\Hsplit personality\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a tendency to behave in conflicting ways.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) schizophrenia.
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\Hsplit pin\h
a fastener which is made from a strip of metal folded in half so that it may be passed through a hole and the ends bent apart to hold it in place.
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\Hsplit ring\h
a ring, such as a key ring, with a movable opening through which objects may be inserted.
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\Hsplit-second\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i performed with great precision.
\CX12.\j\b\i achieved immediately: 'a \Isplit-second\j\b\i decision'. \Bsplit second\j\b\i, a very short time.
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\Hsplotch\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsplodge\j\b\i
a large, messy spot, stain, etc. \Bsplotch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsplotchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsplurge\h
\Isay\j\b\i splerj \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an extravagant display or indulgence: 'we had a \Isplurge\j\b\i and went to an expensive restaurant'. \Bsplurge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsplutter\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to speak confusedly or with a spitting sound, e.g. from excitement or embarrassment.
\CX12.\j\b\i to spit drops of liquid noisily. \Bsplutter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsplutterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who splutters.
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\Hspoil\h
\Pverb\p (\Bspoilt\j\b\i or \Bspoiled\j\b\i, \Bspoiling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to damage the quality, value or usefulness of: a) 'the rain \Ispoilt\j\b\i our holiday'; b) 'rust will \Ispoil\j\b\i those scissors'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to harm or damage the character or nature of by excessive indulgence: 'that child is \Ispoilt\j\b\i by its grandparents'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of food, etc.) to go bad.
\Bbe spoiling for\j\b\i, 'you could see the gang \Iwas spoiling for\j\b\i a fight' (= eager for).
\Bspoil\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the booty or plunder taken in war, robbery, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ispoils\j\b\i of public office' (= profits, advantages). \Bspoilage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of spoiling, b) something which is spoilt; \Bspoiler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ispolium\j\b\i plunder
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\Hspoilsport\h
\Pnoun\p a person who ruins the enjoyment of others.
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\Hspoke (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and old past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bspeak\j\b\i.
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\Hspoke (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the rods which connect the hub of a wheel to the rim.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar rod, e.g. on an umbrella.
\CX13.\j\b\i a rung of a ladder.
\Bput a spoke in someone's wheel\j\b\i, to interfere with someone's plans.
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\Hspoken\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bspeak\j\b\i.
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\Hspokesperson\h
\Pnoun\p a person who speaks on behalf of another or others. \Bspokesman\j\b\i, \Bspokeswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. \Bspokesperson\j\b\i is one of a number of words that have emerged during recent years to allow the language to represent with greater equality the concerns and perceptions of men and women. To use \Ispokesman\j\b\i when a woman is being referred to is seen by many as unfair, awkward and often misleading: 'the \Ispokesperson\j\b\i (not \Ispokesman\j\b\i) listed a number of advantages that her company's products offered'. See Gender-specific Language in Appendices.
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\Hspoliation\h
\Isay\j\b\i spo-lee-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of plundering or spoiling. \Bspoliate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spo\j\b\i-lee-ate), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspondee\h
\Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i. \Bspondaic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i spon-\CX1day\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsponge\h
\Isay\j\b\i spunj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a non-mobile, aquatic animal consisting of many cells arranged in a porous structure. b) the light, absorbent skeleton of this animal, used for washing, bathing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the texture of or qualities of a sponge, such as a light, fluffy cake.
\Bthrow in the sponge\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to admit defeat or failure.
\Bsponge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to wash, wipe, clean or absorb with a sponge.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to live at the expense of others. \Bsponger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bspongy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, soft or absorbent like a sponge.
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\Hsponsor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, such as a godfather, who takes responsibility for another.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who proposes or supports something: 'who was the \Isponsor\j\b\i for the divorce reform Bill?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a person, business, etc. that finances or helps to finance a sport, cultural event, broadcast, etc., usually in return for advertising facilities. Latin
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\Hspontaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i spon-\CX1tay\j\b\i-nee-us \Padjective\p occurring or produced naturally and not caused by external forces: '\Ispontaneous\j\b\i combustion'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ispontaneous\j\b\i laugh' (= not rehearsed, impulsive). \Bspontaneously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspontaneousness\j\b\i, \Bspontaneity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sponta-\CX1nay\j\b\ia-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i, the state of being spontaneous. Latin \Isponte\j\b\i voluntarily
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\Hspontaneous generation\h
also called \Babiogenesis\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i the incorrect theory that living things can be produced from non-living matter. Compare \Jbiogenesis\j\b\i.
#
\Hspoof\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a parody or hoax.
#
\Hspook\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a ghost. \Bspooky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, eerie or suggestive of spooks.
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\Hspool\h
\Pnoun\p a cylindrical device onto which tape, thread, etc. is wound for use.
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\Hspoon\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any kitchen utensil with a handle and small bowl-shaped end used for eating, measuring, serving, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a spoon.
\Bthe wooden spoon\j\b\i, the booby prize.
\Bspoon\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to lift or carry with or as if with a spoon.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit a ball high into the air.
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\Hspoonbill\h
\Pnoun\p a wading bird related to the ibis, having a long, flat beak with a spoon-like end.
#
\Hspoonerism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spoo\j\b\ina-rizm \Pnoun\p an unintentional changing of the order of sounds in words. \IExample\j\b\i: the teacher accused her of \Itasting two worms\j\b\i (= wasting two terms).
[after \IW. A. Spooner\j\b\i, 1844-1930, a British clergyman noted for such slips]
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\Hspoon-fed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fed with a spoon.
\CX12.\j\b\i looked after with exaggerated solicitude.
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\Hspoor\h
\Isay\j\b\i spore \Pnoun\p the tracks left by wild animals.
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\Hsporadic\h
\Isay\j\b\i spor-\CX1radd\j\b\iik \Padjective\p occurring or appearing at only occasional intervals in time or space: a) 'we heard \Isporadic\j\b\i firing all afternoon'; b) '\Isporadic\j\b\i outcrops of granite'. \Bsporadically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Isporas\j\b\i scattered (seed)
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\Hspore\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a reproductive cell, or group of cells, which separates from the parent before it begins to develop. Greek \Ispora\j\b\i a sowing
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\Hsporran\h
\Pnoun\p a fur or leather pouch hung at the front of a belt as part of Scottish Highland costume.
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\Hsport\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any activity for exercise or enjoyment, especially one involving physical skill and organised with a set form, rules, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an athletic competition between several teams.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they made great \Isport\j\b\i of her shyness' (= fun, mockery).
b) 'we had quite good \Isport\j\b\i' (= shooting, hunting, etc.).
\CX13.\j\b\i a person considered in relation to his or her attitudes or fairness in competition, difficult situations, etc.: 'she's a good \Isport\j\b\i and doesn't mind a bit of teasing'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an affectionate form of address: 'hey \Isport\j\b\i, how are you?'.
\Bsport\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to play or frolic: 'lambs \Isported\j\b\i in the fields'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to display, wear or carry ostentatiously: 'he was \Isporting\j\b\i a bright red scarf'. \Bsporting\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) used for or connected with sport, b) fair or honourable, especially in competition; \Bsportingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsportive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsportively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsportiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsportsman\j\b\i, \Bsportswoman\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who takes part in sport, b) a person who is fair or honourable in competition, etc.
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\Hsporting chance\h
a reasonable chance, given luck.
#
\Hsports car\h
a high-powered, low-built car, usually with two seats and a removable, or soft folding, roof.
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\Hsports coat\h
also called a \Bsports jacket\j\b\i
a man's casual jacket made of tweed or checked fabric.
#
\Hsportsmanship\h
\Pnoun\p the behaviour or qualities considered appropriate to a competitor or person taking part in sport.
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\Hsportswear\h
\Pnoun\p any casual clothes.
#
\Hsporty\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i stylish in a vulgar or flashy way.
\CX12.\j\b\i interested or showing talent in sports.
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\Hspot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a round, usually small, mark on a surface, having a different colour from its surroundings.
\CX12.\j\b\i any mark on a surface, such as a stain, pimple, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this seems like a good \Ispot\j\b\i to fish' (= place).
b) 'I'm in rather a difficult \Ispot\j\b\i at the moment' (= predicament).
c) 'just a \Ispot\j\b\i of milk in my tea, please' (= little bit).
\CX13.\j\b\i a spotlight.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhit the spot\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to provide what is necessary or satisfying.
\Bknock spots off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to outdo or defeat easily.
\Bon the spot\j\b\i, a) 'we will mend shoes \Ion the spot\j\b\i' (= here, at once); b) 'that tricky question put her \Ion the spot\j\b\i' (= in a difficult or embarrassing situation).
\Bspot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bspotted\j\b\i, \Bspotting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to mark or stain with spots: 'her hands were \Ispotted\j\b\i with paint'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to find or discover: 'can you \Ispot\j\b\i any mistakes on this page?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBilliards:\j\b\i to place the ball on any of the various spots marked on the table. \Bspot\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, done or delivered immediately; \Bspotless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, very clean; \Bspotlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspotlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bspotty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) marked with spots, b) uneven or irregular.
#
\Hspot check\h
an unannounced and random examination: 'police are conducting \Ispot checks\j\b\i on cars in the area'.
#
\Hspotlight\h
\Pnoun\p a light with a strong, narrow beam, as used in a theatre.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'shy people dislike being in the \Ispotlight\j\b\i' (= public attention or notice). \Bspotlight\j\b\i (\Bspotlit\j\b\i or \Bspotlighted\j\b\i, \Bspotlighting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspot-on\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) absolutely correct or accurate.
#
\Hspotter\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that spots, especially one that looks for and reports something: 'a talent \Ispotter\j\b\i'.
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\Hspotty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jspot\j\b\i.
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\Hspot-weld\h
\Pverb\p to weld in one place by pressing electrical conductors to either side of two pieces of metal and briefly applying a high electric current.
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\Hspouse\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i house \Pnoun\p one's husband or wife. Latin \Isponsus\j\b\i betrothed
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\Hspout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pipe or tube, usually with a lip-like end attached to a container, for pouring.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stream or gush of liquid discharged under pressure.
\Bup the spout\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) 'his small business is completely \Iup the spout\j\b\i because of wage increases' (= ruined); b) 'your guess was quite \Iup the spout\j\b\i' (= wrong, inaccurate).
\Pverb\p to twist or strain a part of the body without breaking it. \Bsprain\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a twisting or straining without actual breakage.
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\Hsprang\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bspring\j\b\i.
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\Hsprat\h
\Pnoun\p a small, edible, marine fish, related to the herring.
#
\Hsprawl\h
\Pverb\p to stretch out in a careless or ungraceful manner: 'stop \Isprawling\j\b\i in your chair'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the suburbs \Isprawled\j\b\i across the countryside' (= spread out, straggled). \Bsprawl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an ungraceful or irregular stretch or extent.
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\Hspray (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a liquid blown or forced through the air as fine drops.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Bonnie and Clyde were met with a \Ispray\j\b\i of bullets' (= shower, scattering).
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices which force out a shower of fine particles or drops: 'a perfume spray'. \Bspray\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to apply a liquid as a spray, b) to move or fall as a spray.
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\Hspray (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a small, fine branch with leaves, flowers, berries, etc., often used for decoration. b) a design or ornament with this form.
#
\Hspray-gun\h
\Pnoun\p a gun-shaped device using compressed air to spray liquids, such as paint, insecticides, etc. evenly over an area.
\CX11.\j\b\i to make or become larger, wider or more full: a) 'the eagle \Ispread\j\b\i its wings'; b) 'he \Ispread\j\b\i the map out on the table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to distribute or extend over an area, especially evenly: a) '\Ispread\j\b\i the butter on the bread'; b) 'the payments are \Ispread\j\b\i over 12 months'; c) 'the disease \Ispread\j\b\i throughout the country'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the news \Ispread\j\b\i rapidly' (= was made widely known).
b) 'she \Ispread\j\b\i the hair on either side of the cut' (= forced apart, separated).
c) '\Ispread\j\b\i your clothes out to dry by the fire' (= lay).
d) 'who will \Ispread\j\b\i the table for dinner?' (= set, arrange).
\Bspread\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of spreading: 'they watched the slow \Ispread\j\b\i of the eagle's wings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the amount by which something spreads: 'the aircraft's wings had a \Ispread\j\b\i of 30 m'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which spreads, covers or is spread: a) 'a \Ibedspread\j\b\i; b) 'cheese \Ispread\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i something which extends or stretches: 'we could see a wide \Ispread\j\b\i of forest ahead'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) two pages which face each other in a book, magazine, etc. b) a story, advertisement, etc. which extends across all or part of two such pages.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the dinner they provided was a real \Ispread\j\b\i' (= feast).
b) 'yoga will help you avoid a middle-age \Ispread\j\b\i' (= fatness, wideness). \Bspreader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that spreads.
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\Hspread-eagled\h
\Padjective\p spread-eagle with the arms and legs stretched out. \Bspread-eagle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hspreadsheet\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a type of software program designed to assist with a range of calculations, such as financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, etc., and which offers users a screen grid in which they can manipulate data, apply formulae and test hypotheses.
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\Hspree\h
\Pnoun\p a period of indulgence or excess in some activity: 'a shopping \Ispree\j\b\i'.
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\Hsprig\h
\Pnoun\p a twig or small branch, often used for decoration: 'a \Isprig\j\b\i of holly'.
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\Hsprightly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sprite\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p full of life or nimble energy. \Bsprightliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to rise or move lightly and suddenly.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become warped: 'these old floorboards have \Isprung\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'angry words \Isprang\j\b\i to her lips' (= rushed, came quickly).
b) 'the trap \Isprang\j\b\i closed' (= flew, snapped).
c) 'we \Isprang\j\b\i the dinner party as a surprise' (= produced unexpectedly).
d) 'the boat has \Isprung\j\b\i another leak' (= developed).
e) 'the feud \Isprang\j\b\i from a misunderstanding' (= arose, originated).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'his friends intend to \Ispring\j\b\i him from prison' (= cause to escape).
\Bspring\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of springing: 'a tiger's \Ispring\j\b\i at its prey'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various devices made from twisted, bent or layered metal which regains its shape after force has been applied, such as a spiral spring in a sofa.
\CX13.\j\b\i a springing quality, force or movement: 'her walk has no \Ispring\j\b\i or liveliness in it'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the season of the year between winter and summer.
\CX15.\j\b\i a natural flow or stream of water: 'this river starts at a mountain \Ispring\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i the source of something. \Bspringer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that springs, b) any of various breeds of short-haired spaniels.
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\Hspringbok\h
\Pnoun\p a small, South African antelope.
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\Hspring chicken\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a young or inexperienced person.
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\Hspring-clean\h
\Pverb\p to clean or tidy thoroughly, especially as an annual clean-up of the whole house in spring. \Bspring-cleaning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspring fever\h
a feeling of listlessness or restless desire, often experienced at the beginning of spring.
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\Hspring onion\h
an onion with a small bulb and long, green shoots, usually eaten raw.
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\Hspringy\h
\Padjective\p tending to spring, bounce or rebound. \Bspringiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsprinkle\h
\Pverb\p to scatter or fall in drops or small particles.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her conversation was \Isprinkled\j\b\i with little laughs' (= interrupted at intervals). \Bsprinkle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a light fall of drops, b) a small quantity; \Bsprinkler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which sprinkles, especially a device with a nozzle which scatters drops of water over a garden, etc.; \Bsprinkling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a light, small shower or scattering.
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\Hsprint\h
\Pverb\p to run or race at full speed, especially over a short distance. \Bsprint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a short race at top speed; \Bsprinter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who sprints.
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\Hsprite\h
\Pnoun\p \IFolklore:\j\b\i a fairy.
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\Hspritzer\h
\Pnoun\p a drink of white wine with soda water.
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\Hsprocket\h
\Pnoun\p any of the pointed teeth on a wheel, which fit into the links of a chain, as on a bicycle.
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\Hsprout\h
\Pverb\p to begin to grow or develop. \Bsprout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a young growth or shoot, b) (informal) a brussels sprout.
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\Hspruce (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of Northern Hemisphere, evergreen fir trees with cones and short, angular, needle-like leaves arranged densely around a twig.
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\Hspruce (2)\h
\Padjective\p neat and smart, especially in one's dress.
\Bspruce oneself up\j\b\i, to make oneself neat and smart.
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\Hsprung\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bspring\j\b\i.
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\Hspry\h
\Padjective\p nimble or sprightly. \Bspryly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspryness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspud\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a potato.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small spade with a narrow blade or prongs, for digging up weeds, etc.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sharp metal projection strapped to the heel of a rider's boot to urge the horse on.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the prize money was a \Ispur\j\b\i to the competitors' (= stimulus, inspiration).
\CX12.\j\b\i a projecting part, such as a ridge on the side of a hill or a horny growth on the leg of certain birds or animals.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short or undeveloped branch on a tree.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i a) a siding. b) a branch line.
\Bon the spur of the moment\j\b\i, suddenly or spontaneously.
\Bspur\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bspurred\j\b\i, \Bspurring\j\b\i)
to prick or strike with a spur: 'she \Ispurred\j\b\i her horse'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the challenge \Ispurred\j\b\i him to greater efforts' (= inspired).
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\Hspurious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spew\j\b\iri-us \Padjective\p false or counterfeit. \Bspuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bspuriousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hspurn\h
\Pverb\p to treat or reject with scorn or contempt.
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\Hspurt\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden flow or outpouring: 'a \Ispurt\j\b\i of water from the burst pipe'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his last \Ispurt\j\b\i to the line won him the race' (= burst of energy).
b) 'in a \Ispurt\j\b\i of jealousy he killed his lover' (= outburst). \Bspurt\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsputnik\h
\Pnoun\p any of the early satellites sent into orbit by Russia for space research. Russian, travelling companion
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\Hsputter\h
\Pverb\p to spit or splash in an explosive manner.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Isputtered\j\b\i with rage at their rudeness' (= stammered, spluttered). \Bsputter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsputum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spew\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p spittle or phlegm.
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\Hspy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person sent to gather information secretly in enemy or potentially enemy territory.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person employed to watch and report secretly on the activities of others. \Bspy\j\b\i (\Bspied\j\b\i, \Bspying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to act as a spy, b) to catch sight of or see; \Bspier\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1spy\j\b\i-er), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsquab\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwob \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a young pigeon.
\CX12.\j\b\i a soft cushion.
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\Hsquabble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwobb\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a trivial argument. \Bsquabble\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsquad\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwod \Pnoun\p any small group selected for a particular purpose, such as a group of soldiers. Old French \Iesquadre\j\b\i a square
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\Hsquad-car\h
\Pnoun\p a police patrol-car.
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\Hsquadron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwod\j\b\i-r'n \Pnoun\p a) a group of warships on a particular mission. b) a unit of the airforce, cavalry or tank regiments.
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\Hsquadron leader\h
a commissioned officer in the airforce, ranking between a flight lieutenant and a wing-commander.
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\Hsqualid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwoll\j\b\iid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i depressingly or miserably dirty.
\Isay\j\b\i skwawl \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sudden gust of strong wind.
\CX12.\j\b\i a noisy disturbance or fight. \Bsqually\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i,
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\Hsquall (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwawl \Pverb\p to scream or cry out harshly. \Bsquall\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsqualor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwoll\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p depressing or wretched conditions.
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\Hsquamous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skway\j\b\i-mus \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i covered with or consisting of scales.
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\Hsquander\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwon\j\b\ida \Pverb\p to spend or use wastefully: 'do not \Isquander\j\b\i your spare hours'. \Bsquanderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsquare\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a quadrilateral having equal sides and four right angles.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has this shape, such as the divisions on a chessboard, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the second power of a number. \IExample\j\b\i: the square of 2, written 2{\up6 2\j\b\i, is 2 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 2 = 4.
\CX14.\j\b\i an open area in a town or city, usually bordered by buildings or streets, and planted with trees, etc.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person considered to be dully conservative or old-fashioned.
\CX16.\j\b\i a unit of area in buildings equal to about 9.3 m{\ulp6 2\j\b\i.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bback to square one\j\b\i, back to where one started, so one has to begin again.
\Bsquare bashing\j\b\i, army marching drill.
\Bsquare\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make into a square or similar shape.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put at right angles to something else.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his story does not \Isquare\j\b\i with yours' (= agree).
b) 'he \Isquared\j\b\i his shoulders and stood to attention' (= straightened, made level).
c) 'you must \Isquare\j\b\i your debts first' (= pay, settle).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to multiply a number by itself.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsquare up\j\b\i, 'the company has \Isquared up\j\b\i all its overdue accounts' (= settled).
\Bsquare up to\j\b\i, 'she must \Isquare up to\j\b\i these responsibilities' (= face bravely).
\Bsquare\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having four sides and four right angles: 'a \Isquare\j\b\i box'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being in the form of a right angle: 'a \Isquare\j\b\i corner'.
\CX13.\j\b\i presenting a measured unit of area in the form of a square: 'a \Isquare\j\b\i metre'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our accounts are \Isquare\j\b\i now' (= settled).
b) 'we must have a \Isquare\j\b\i answer' (= honest, straightforward).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'this is the first \Isquare\j\b\i meal I've had for a week' (= good, substantial).
d) 'the players finished with their scores \Isquare\j\b\i' (= equal).
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) dull, conservative or old-fashioned. \Bsquare\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a square form or at right angles, b) (informal) honestly or directly; \Bsquarely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsquare dance\h
a dance by couples arranged in a square or other set pattern, and who follow instructions by a caller in order to make a pattern. \Bsquare-dance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsquare number\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i any number that is the square of another number. \IExamples\j\b\i: 1 (= 1 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 1), 4 (= 2 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 2), and 9 (= 3 {\f23 \'b4\j\b\i 3), are \Bsquare numbers\j\b\i.
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\Hsquare-rigged\h
\Padjective\p \INautical:\j\b\i having square sails set on horizontal yards across the length of the ship. Compare \Jfore-and-aft rigged\j\b\i. \Bsquare-rigger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsquare root\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the number which, when multiplied by itself, equals the given number: '4 is the \Isquare root\j\b\i of 16'.
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\Hsquash (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwosh \Pverb\p to press or beat, especially into a flat mass.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the rebellion was \Isquashed\j\b\i by government troops' (= stopped, put down).
\Bsquash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of squashing: 'the plums made a soft \Isquash\j\b\i as they fell'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is squashed or pressed.
\CX13.\j\b\i a game played by two or four players in a walled court, with rackets and a small rubber ball.
\CX14.\j\b\i a drink made with fruit juice or cordial as a base. \Bsquashy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, soft and easily squashed.
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\Hsquash (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwosh \Pnoun\p an edible vegetable similar to a marrow.
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\Hsquat\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwot \Pverb\p (\Bsquatted\j\b\i or \Bsquat\j\b\i, \Bsquatting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to sit on one's heels or in a crouching position.
\CX12.\j\b\i to settle on an area of public land before acquiring a legal right to it.
\CX13.\j\b\i to enter an unoccupied building and live there without paying rent.
\Bsquatter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who squats.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) \IHistory:\j\b\i a runholder who originally held land by squatting. b) a rich farmer; a station-owner. \Bsquat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of squatting, b) the position when squatting; \Bsquat\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, short and thick.
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\Hsquattocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwot-\CX1ok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) squatters considered as a group.
\CX12.\j\b\i wealthy landowners or graziers.
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\Hsquaw\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwaw \Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a Native American woman. Algonquian, woman
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\Hsquawk\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwawk \Pverb\p to utter a harsh cry, as poultry, etc. when frightened.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'buyers are \Isquawking\j\b\i about increased prices' (= protesting angrily or noisily). \Bsquawk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsqueak\h
\Isay\j\b\i skweek \Pverb\p to make a short, high-pitched sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he just \Isqueaked\j\b\i through the entrance exam' (= passed by a small margin).
\Bsqueak\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of squeaking.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an escape: 'that was a narrow \Isqueak\j\b\i!'. \Bsqueaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, making squeaks; \Bsqueakily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsqueakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsqueal\h
\Isay\j\b\i skweel \Pverb\p to make a long, loud, high-pitched cry or sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the traitor has \Isquealed\j\b\i to the police' (= turned informer). \Bsqueal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a squealing sound; \Bsquealer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwee\j\b\i-jee \Pnoun\p a device with a flexible sponge or rubber edge for cleaning.
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\Hsqueeze\h
\Isay\j\b\i skweez \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to press firmly: 'he \Isqueezed\j\b\i her hand in sympathy'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to extract by pressing: a) '\Isqueeze\j\b\i the juice from three lemons'; b) 'he tried to \Isqueeze\j\b\i a confession out of me'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'can we all \Isqueeze\j\b\i into the back seat?' (= fit or force by pressure).
b) 'the bank is \Isqueezing\j\b\i us to repay the loan' (= urging, putting pressure on).
\Bsqueeze\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of squeezing: 'a \Isqueeze\j\b\i of the hand'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we managed to get into the bus, but it was a tight \Isqueeze\j\b\i' (= crush, squash).
b) 'add a \Isqueeze\j\b\i of lemon' (= small amount).
c) 'a financial \Isqueeze\j\b\i' (= time of restriction or difficulty). \Bsqueezer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which squeezes, especially a device for extracting juice from fruits.
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\Hsquelch\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwelsh \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make a splashing, sucking sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his sharp retort \Isquelched\j\b\i her' (= made quiet or subdued).
\Isay\j\b\i skwib \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small firework which sparkles and then explodes.
\CX12.\j\b\i a contemptible person.
\Bdamp squib\j\b\i, an effort which fails miserably.
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\Hsquid\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwid \Pnoun\p any of a group of edible cephalopods with ten arms, some spanning 15 m.
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\Hsquiggle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwigg\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a wiggly or careless mark in drawing or writing. \Bsquiggle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsquint\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwint \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to look with the eyes partly closed or screwed up: 'to \Isquint\j\b\i against the sun's glare'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be cross-eyed. \Bsquint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsquire\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwire \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBritish:\j\b\i a country gentleman.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a young nobleman serving as attendant to a knight, as training for his own knighthood. Also called an \Besquire\j\b\i. \Bsquire\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (of a man) to escort or accompany women.
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\Hsquirm\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwerm \Pverb\p to wriggle or twist the body about.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we \Isquirmed\j\b\i under his cool scrutiny' (= felt embarrassed or uncomfortable). \Bsquirm\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsquirmy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsquirrel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1skwirr\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a) any of various small rodents with reddish-brown or grey fur and a bushy tail, usually living in trees. b) the fur of such an animal, used to make or line coats, etc.
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\Hsquirt\h
\Isay\j\b\i skwert \Pverb\p to discharge liquid in a quick stream: '\Isquirt\j\b\i water on a fire'.
\Bsquirt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of squirting. b) a thin, fast stream of liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small or insignificant person, especially if impudent or presumptuous.
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\Hsquish\h
\Pnoun\p a squashing sound. \Bsquish\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to squash.
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\Hsquiz\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a quick, close look.
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\Hstab\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstabbed\j\b\i, \Bstabbing\j\b\i)
to pierce or wound with or as if with a knife: '\Istabbed\j\b\i by a robber'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Istabbed\j\b\i by feelings of guilt' (= affected sharply).
\Bstab\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of stabbing. b) a thrust made with or as if with a pointed weapon.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wound caused by stabbing.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he felt a \Istab\j\b\i of remorse' (= painful feeling).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'at least have a \Istab\j\b\i at the answer!' (= attempt, guess).
\Ba stab in the back\j\b\i, a betrayal or unfair attack.
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\Hstabilise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\ibi-lize \Pverb\p stabilize to make stable or level: 'the government is trying to \Istabilise\j\b\i prices'.
\Bstabiliser\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which stabilises, such as a substance used to control or limit chemical changes in other substances, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various systems which stabilise a ship in rough seas. \Bstabilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstable (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a building in which horses are kept. b) all the horses owned by one person or establishment: 'a racing \Istable\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the speakers obviously belong to the same political \Istable\j\b\i' (= group, organisation). \Bstable\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to put or keep in a stable; \Bstabling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) any or all stables, b) accommodation for horses in a stable.
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\Hstable (2)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i steady and not likely to fall or collapse: 'that bridge does not look very \Istable\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we need a reliable, \Istable\j\b\i character for this position' (= well-balanced, dependable).
b) 'they have built up a \Istable\j\b\i relationship' (= lasting).
\Isay\j\b\i sta-\CX1kah\j\b\i-toe \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i short and abrupt. \Bstaccato\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Italian, detached
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\Hstack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large pile, often arranged in layers: 'a \Ihaystack\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a number of things grouped together.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I have a \Istack\j\b\i of things to do today' (= great number).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a single chimney or flue. b) a group of chimneys.
\Bstack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to place or arrange in a stack: '\Istack\j\b\i those chairs in the corner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrange so as to give oneself an advantage: 'he \Istacked\j\b\i the rally with his own supporters'.
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\Hstadium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstadiums\j\b\i or \Bstadia\j\b\i
a sports ground surrounded by raised banks of seats for spectators. \Bstadium\j\b\i came into English through Latin \Istadium\j\b\i. Many English words directly derived from Latin used always to retain the form of plural that existed in Latin - thus \Istadia\j\b\i (plural of \Istadium\j\b\i), \Ihippopotami\j\b\i (plural of \Ihippopotamus\j\b\i) and \Irostra\j\b\i (plural of \Irostrum\j\b\i). Nowadays the plural form with 's' is increasingly common.
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\Hstaff\h
\Isay\j\b\i stahf \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of people working together under a manager or other authority in an organisation, business, etc.: 'the \Istaff\j\b\i of a hospital'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rod, pole or stick used as a weapon, flagpole, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'food is the \Istaff\j\b\i of life' (= sustainer, supporter).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i the framework of lines and spaces on which music is written. Plural is \Bstaves\j\b\i. Also called a \Bstave\j\b\i. \Bstaff\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide an office, etc. with a staff.
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\Hstaff officer\h
\IMilitary:\j\b\i a commissioned officer directly responsible to, and issuing the orders of, a commander.
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\Hstag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male deer, especially a red deer.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a male, especially one at a party, etc. without a female. \Bstag\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (of a party, etc.) excluding females.
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\Hstage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the platform or area, usually raised, on which actors perform, especially in a theatre. b) any raised floor or platform, such as a scaffolding.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the profession of acting: 'he is training to go on the \Istage\j\b\i'. b) the theatre: 'a work written for the \Istage\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a single step in a progress, development, series, etc.: a) 'the first \Istage\j\b\i of our research is complete'; b) 'the larval \Istage\j\b\i of an insect'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a stagecoach.
\CX15.\j\b\i a powered section of a rocket vehicle, which is ejected after firing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Istage\j\b\i was set for war' (= scene, atmosphere).
\Bhold the stage\j\b\i, to be the centre of attention.
\Bstage\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put or exhibit on, or as if on, a stage.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the workers have \Istaged\j\b\i a massive strike' (= arranged and carried out). \Bstaging\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-jing), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of putting on a play, b) a temporary platform or structure, usually raised.
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\Hstagecoach\h
\Pnoun\p an enclosed carriage with the driver's seat outside at the front, once used to carry passengers, mail, etc. over a set route.
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\Hstage door\h
an outside door for performers, etc. to enter the backstage area of a theatre.
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\Hstage fright\h
extreme nervousness caused by being in front of an audience, especially for the first time.
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\Hstage-manager\h
\Pnoun\p \ITheatre:\j\b\i a person appointed to organise and control the rehearsals and performance of a play.
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\Hstager\h
\Pnoun\p a person with long experience in some activity, occupation, etc.
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\Hstagestruck\h
\Padjective\p fascinated by or eager to have a career in acting or the theatre.
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\Hstage whisper\h
a loud or exaggerated whisper, such as one from an actor intended to be heard by the audience.
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\Hstagger\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to walk or move unsteadily: 'she \Istaggered\j\b\i with exhaustion'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we were \Istaggered\j\b\i by the brilliant results' (= amazed, overwhelmed).
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrange in alternating or overlapping periods or intervals: 'employees should \Istagger\j\b\i their lunchtimes so that the office is never empty'.
\Bstagger\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of staggering.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) any of various diseases affecting horses, cattle, etc., causing blindness and staggering movements. \Bstaggeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstaging\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-jing \Pnoun\p See \Jstage\j\b\i.
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\Hstagnant\h
\Padjective\p a) not flowing. b) stale or foul due to lack of movement: 'a \Istagnant\j\b\i pool'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they found the local art scene quite \Istagnant\j\b\i' (= lifeless, inactive). \Bstagnantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstagnation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstagnate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Istagnum\j\b\i a pool
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\Hstagy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p theatrical, especially in an artificial way. \Bstaginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstaid\h
\Isay\j\b\i stade \Padjective\p serious and sedate, especially in a tedious way. \Bstaidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstaidness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstain\h
\Isay\j\b\i stane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a discoloured area or mark produced or left by a substance: 'coffee \Istains\j\b\i are difficult to get rid of'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the crime left a serious \Istain\j\b\i on his reputation' (= bad mark).
\CX12.\j\b\i a liquid dye, consisting of colour dissolved in water or spirit, which soaks into and colours a surface. \Bstain\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make a stain upon, b) to colour with a liquid dye, c) to corrupt or bring blame upon; \Bstainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstainless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstained glass\h
a decorative form of glass, usually coloured with metallic oxides, used in church windows, etc.
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\Hstainless steel\h
any of a group of alloys of iron and chromium, which is very resistant to corrosion and is used for making utensils, etc.
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\Hstair\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a series of steps leading from one level of a building to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a series of such steps.
\Bbelow stairs\j\b\i, the servants' quarters, in the basement.
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\Hstaircase\h
\Pnoun\p stairway a series of fixed steps and its framework, etc., between two levels in a building.
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\Hstairwell\h
\Pnoun\p the opening around which a staircase is built.
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\Hstake (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a pointed stick or post, usually of wood or metal, driven into the ground as a support, marker, etc.
\Bpull up stakes\j\b\i, to move on to another home, occupation, etc.
\Bstake\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to mark a position or boundary with a stake or stakes: 'to \Istake\j\b\i off the garden'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to support or secure with or to a stake: 'you should \Istake\j\b\i those tomato plants'.
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\Hstake (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) the money or any other thing promised as payment for a bet. b) the prize for a competition: 'the \Istakes\j\b\i for the race were $10 000'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Bron has a personal \Istake\j\b\i in this matter' (= interest, involvement).
\Bat stake\j\b\i, 'there is too much \Iat stake\j\b\i for us to fail' (= being risked, involved).
\Bstake\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to offer money or any other thing as part of a bet.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'will your mother \Istake\j\b\i you in the business?' (= provide finance for).
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\Hstalactite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stal\j\b\iak-tite \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any tapering mass of calcium carbonate, formed by dripping water, hanging from the roof of a cave, etc. Compare \Jstalagmite\j\b\i.
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\Hstalagmite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stal\j\b\iag-mite \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i any mass of calcium carbonate rock deposited on the floor of a cave, usually projecting upwards. Compare \Jstalactite\j\b\i. Greek \Istalagma\j\b\i a dripping
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\Hstale\h
\Padjective\p not fresh: a) '\Istale\j\b\i bread'; b) 'a \Istale\j\b\i old joke'. \Bstale\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become stale; \Bstaleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstalely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstalemate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChess:\j\b\i a position where neither player can move without putting his or her king in check, resulting in a draw.
\CX12.\j\b\i any deadlock. \Bstalemate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to bring into a stalemate.
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\Hstalk (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i stawk \Pnoun\p the stem of a plant, flower, leaf, fruit, etc.
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\Hstalk (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i stawk \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to approach stealthily: 'the cat \Istalked\j\b\i the mouse'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to walk slowly and stiffly: 'he \Istalked\j\b\i off in a huff'. \Bstalk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstalker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that stalks.
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\Hstalking-horse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a horse or dummy-horse behind which a hunter hides.
\CX12.\j\b\i something used to hide one's real intentions.
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\Hstall (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a compartment of a barn or stable for one animal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a bench or table used to display goods for sale, e.g. in a market. b) a small, open-fronted shop: 'a newspaper \Istall\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the seats on the ground floor of a theatre.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of the fixed seats used by the choir or clergy in a church.
\Bstall\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to put or keep animals in a stall.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a motor) to stop running owing to insufficient power, speed, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of an aircraft) to lose flying speed and plummet out of control.
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\Hstall (2)\h
\Pverb\p to act evasively or deceptively: 'stop \Istalling\j\b\i and answer the question'. \Bstall\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstallion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stal\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a male horse, especially one used for breeding.
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\Hstalwart\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stawl\j\b\i-wort \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i strongly and stoutly built.
\CX12.\j\b\i firm and steadfast: 'my \Istalwart\j\b\i supporters will never desert me'. \Bstalwart\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a stalwart person.
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\Hstamen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-m'n \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the organ of a flower which produces pollen, consisting of the filament, and the anther.
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\Hstamina\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stamm\j\b\iina \Pnoun\p strength and the power to endure.
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\Hstammer\h
\Pnoun\p a) a stutter. b) any hesitation in speech. \Bstammer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bstammerer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstammeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstamp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of bringing the foot down forcefully: 'he gave a \Istamp\j\b\i of impatience'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a postage stamp.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the story has the \Istamp\j\b\i of truth' (= distinctive mark).
\CX13.\j\b\i a) any device used to impress a shape, design or mark. b) the design, etc. made. c) a device used to cut or crush.
\Bstamp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to put one's foot down forcefully. b) to walk with heavy or violent steps: 'he \Istamped\j\b\i across the room'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to mark with a design, shape, etc. by means of pressure.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Istamp\j\b\i this on your memory' (= mark firmly).
b) 'your actions \Istamp\j\b\i you as a coward' (= mark, distinguish).
\CX13.\j\b\i to stick a stamp on a letter, etc.
\Bstamp out\j\b\i, to end or destroy something by force.
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\Hstamp duty\h
a tax charged by the government on certain legal documents, payment being shown by sticking a stamp on the document.
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\Hstampede\h
\Isay\j\b\i stam-\CX1peed\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a sudden, uncontrolled rush by a large group of horses, cattle or people. \Bstampede\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to rush or cause to rush in a stampede.
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\Hstamping ground\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a place habitually frequented by a person or animal.
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\Hstance\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i the positioning of the body when making a stroke at golf, cricket, fencing, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has adopted a firm \Istance\j\b\i on vivisection' (= attitude, standpoint). Italian \Istanza\j\b\i a standing-place
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\Hstanch\h
\Pverb\p to staunch.
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\Hstanchion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stan\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any upright post or support, e.g. in the steel framework of a building.
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\Hstand\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstood\j\b\i, \Bstanding\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to take or keep an upright position on the feet: 'everyone \Istood\j\b\i when the countess entered'. b) to be or put in an upright position: '\Istand\j\b\i the bottle on the table'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or remain in a certain condition, situation or position: a) 'the shop \Istood\j\b\i on the corner for 60 years'; b) 'you \Istand\j\b\i convicted of treason'; c) 'how much money do you \Istand\j\b\i to win?'; d) 'he \Istood\j\b\i firm in his beliefs'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to undergo: 'you must \Istand\j\b\i trial'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I can't \Istand\j\b\i the noise' (= tolerate).
b) 'she \Istood\j\b\i for parliament' (= was a candidate).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she \Istood\j\b\i us a meal in a restaurant' (= paid for).
d) '\Istand\j\b\i and deliver' (= halt, stop).
e) 'the pony \Istands\j\b\i 14 hands high' (= measures).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas it stands\j\b\i, 'I shall buy the car \Ias it stands\j\b\i' (= in its present state).
\Bstand alone\j\b\i, 'as a boxer he \Istands alone\j\b\i' (= has no equal).
\Bstand by\j\b\i, a) '\Istand by\j\b\i for further orders' (= wait and be ready); b) 'he \Istood by\j\b\i me when I was in trouble' (= supported); c) 'you'll have to \Istand by\j\b\i our agreement' (= stick to). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bstand-by\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) something kept for emergency use, b) last-minute allocation of unclaimed airline seats; \Bstand-by\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Bstand down\j\b\i, a) 'the candidate \Istood down\j\b\i from the contest' (= withdrew); b) 'the factory \Istood down\j\b\i 50 workers' (= suspended).
\Bstand for\j\b\i, a) 'I won't \Istand for\j\b\i your nonsense' (= tolerate); b) 'what does this hieroglyph \Istand for\j\b\i?' (= serve to designate or express).
\Bstand in\j\b\i, 'we need someone to \Istand in\j\b\i for Andrew while he's away' (= be a substitute). \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Bstand-in\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a substitute.
\Bstand off\j\b\i, a) to keep at a distance; b) to suspend from work.
\Bstand on\j\b\i, 'I \Istand on\j\b\i my rights' (= insist on).
\Bstand one's ground\j\b\i, to remain firm.
\Bstand out\j\b\i, a) 'she \Istands out\j\b\i from her friends' (= is noticeably different); b) 'they are still \Istanding out\j\b\i for more money' (= insisting on).
\Bstand over\j\b\i, a) to remain near and watch; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I refuse to let them \Istand over\j\b\i me like that' (= intimidate).
\Bstand someone up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fail to keep an appointment with.
\Bstand up\j\b\i, to stand, especially after sitting.
\Bstand up for\j\b\i, to defend or support.
\Bstand up to\j\b\i, a) 'the table won't \Istand up to\j\b\i rough treatment' (= remain in good condition during); b) '\Istand up to\j\b\i them and their insults' (= oppose, resist).
\Bstand\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a position taken: a) 'she took a \Istand\j\b\i by the door'; b) 'what's your \Istand\j\b\i on censorship?'
\CX12.\j\b\i a halt or stop: 'their plans came to a \Istand\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a platform or other structure for people to watch sports, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a piece of furniture or other support on or in which something is placed: 'an umbrella \Istand\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a) a small stall or shop: 'a \Inews-stand\j\b\i'. b) an area or building at a trade fair, etc.: 'the Australian \Istand\j\b\i at the World Fair'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a place where vehicles wait to be hired: 'a taxi \Istand\j\b\i'.
\CX17.\j\b\i a group of trees.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we made a \Istand\j\b\i against the enemy' (= defence, resistance).
b) 'the theatrical company had a three-week \Istand\j\b\i in Newcastle' (= season).
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\Hstandard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a level, especially of achievement or excellence: a) 'what \Istandard\j\b\i have you reached in school?'; b) 'we expect high \Istandards\j\b\i of behaviour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a monetary system based on a certain commodity: 'the gold \Istandard\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an established measure of extent, quantity, value, etc.: 'there are no \Istandards\j\b\i of comparison'.
\CX14.\j\b\i an image or a symbol on a flag used as an emblem for a nation or an army.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this song is an old \Istandard\j\b\i' (= popular piece).
\CX15.\j\b\i a grade of petrol below super, about 83 octane.
\Bstandard\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of recognised or established authority: a) 'a \Istandard\j\b\i text'; b) 'speak in \Istandard\j\b\i English'.
\CX12.\j\b\i accepted or normal: a) 'a \Istandard\j\b\i shoe size'; b) 'follow the \Istandard\j\b\i procedure'.
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\Hstandard deviation\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jdeviation\j\b\i.
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\Hstandardise\h
\Pverb\p standardize to make of a standard size, shape, quality, etc. \Bstandardisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstandard-lamp\h
\Pnoun\p a tall lamp set on an upright support whose base rests on the floor.
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\Hstandard of living\h
\IEconomics:\j\b\i the level of incomes, possessions, consumption, etc. of a nation, group, family, etc.: 'most people expect their \Istandard of living\j\b\i to improve year by year'.
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\Hstandard time\h
the time officially adopted for the whole or part of a country, usually the time of some nearby meridian.
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\Hstanding\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i reputation or status: 'a family of good \Istanding\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i existence or duration: 'a dispute of long \Istanding\j\b\i'.
\Bstanding\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i continuing or permanent: a) 'a \Istanding\j\b\i dispute'; b) 'a \Istanding\j\b\i order for the morning newspaper'.
\CX12.\j\b\i done in or from an upright position: 'a \Istanding\j\b\i jump'.
\CX13.\j\b\i stagnant: '\Istanding\j\b\i water'.
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\Hstanding army\h
a permanent armed force that is kept ready for action.
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\Hstanding order\h
\CX11.\j\b\i any of various rules for the procedures during a meeting, especially in a parliament.
\CX12.\j\b\i an order to a bank to make periodic payments to a specified person until further notice.
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\Hstanding wave\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i a wave which does not move along but which oscillates in the one plane, produced by two identical waves travelling in opposite directions in a medium.
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\Hstand-offish\h
\Padjective\p aloof or reserved. \Bstand-offishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstand-offishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstandpoint\h
\Pnoun\p an attitude or point of view.
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\Hstandstill\h
\Pnoun\p a halt or stop: 'the strike brought public transport to a \Istandstill\j\b\i'.
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\Hstank\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bstink\j\b\i.
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\Hstannic\h
\Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of tin in which tin has a valency of four.
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\Hstannous\h
\Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i of or relating to compounds of tin in which tin has a valency of two.
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\Hstanza\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bverse\j\b\i
one of a series of generally uniform groups of lines into which a poem may be divided. Italian
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\Hstaphylococcus\h
\Isay\j\b\i staffi-lo-\CX1kokk\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstaphylococci\j\b\i
any of a group of round bacteria occurring in clusters and which may cause infections such as boils. Greek \IstaphylΘ\j\b\i bunch of grapes + \Ikokkos\j\b\i a berry
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\Hstaple (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a U-shaped piece of wire or metal for fastening or joining papers, wire to wood, etc. \Bstaple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to secure or fasten with a staple; \Bstapler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any of various machines for driving staples into a surface.
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\Hstaple (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the chief commodity produced or used in a country or a region.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main constituent of something.
\CX13.\j\b\i a particular length and degree of fineness of fibre in wool, etc. \Bstaple\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, chief or most important.
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\Hstar\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i any large body like the sun, intensely hot and producing its own energy by nuclear reactions.
\CX12.\j\b\i a figure, shape or design with points around it, suggesting a star in shape.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a heavenly body regarded as influencing a person's life, etc. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) a horoscope.
\CX14.\j\b\i a famous or very talented person, such as a leading actor or sporting figure.
\Bstar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstarred\j\b\i, \Bstarring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to mark with or as if with a star or stars.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to have or present in the lead role: 'who \Istars\j\b\i in the film?'. b) to be in the lead role: 'the captain \Istarred\j\b\i in his first match of the season'. \Bstar\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) brilliant or distinguished, b) chief.
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\Hstar apple\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bcaimito\j\b\i
a fruit with green skin which, when cut horizontally, has a star shape.
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\Hstarboard\h
\Pnoun\p the right side of a boat or aeroplane when looking towards the front. Compare \Jport (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hstarch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the common carbohydrate formed by green plants and stored in seeds, tubers, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a preparation of this substance, used to stiffen linen, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a food rich in starch.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his manner was full of \Istarch\j\b\i' (= stiffness, formality). \Bstarch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to stiffen with starch; \Bstarchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstarchily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstarchiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstarch-reduced\h
\Padjective\p (of food) prepared so as to contain less starch than usual, for use in diets, etc.
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\Hstar-crossed\h
\Padjective\p having consistent bad luck, as if due to the influence of the stars.
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\Hstardom\h
\Pnoun\p the status of a star or famous person.
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\Hstardust\h
\Pnoun\p a dreamy romantic quality.
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\Hstare\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i air \Pverb\p to look fixedly.
\Bstare down\j\b\i, \Bstare out\j\b\i, to look fixedly at someone until he or she looks away. \Bstare\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a fixed look.
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\Hstarfish\h
\Pnoun\p a marine animal with its body in the shape of a star.
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\Hstark\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i complete or utter: 'your idea is \Istark\j\b\i madness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i harsh or severely desolate: 'a \Istark\j\b\i landscape'.
\Pnoun\p a young actress who is publicised as a future star.
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\Hstarling\h
\Pnoun\p a black, brown-spotted bird with a purple or green sheen, which mimics sounds and makes a chattering noise.
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\Hstarry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1star\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) of, like or relating to stars. b) lit by or shining like stars.
\Bstarry-eyed\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having brightly shining eyes, due to joy, excitement, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i fanciful or romantically impractical.
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\Hstart\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to come or bring into being, activity or operation: a) '\Istart\j\b\i work immediately'; b) 'I can't \Istart\j\b\i the car on cold mornings'; c) 'it is \Istarting\j\b\i to rain'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we \Istarted\j\b\i for Egypt' (= left).
b) 'my horse \Istarted\j\b\i in the third race' (= took part).
\CX12.\j\b\i to make a sudden involuntary movement, as from surprise, fright, pain, etc.
\Bstart\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of starting: a) 'make a \Istart\j\b\i on your work'; b) 'she gave a \Istart\j\b\i at the loud bang'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place where something starts: 'competitors should assemble at the \Istart\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Istart\j\b\i of the film was boring' (= first part).
\CX13.\j\b\i a lead or advantage, such as given to weaker competitors at the beginning of a race.
\Bfor a start\j\b\i, as a first step.
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\Hstarter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a person or thing that starts. b) (\Isometimes plural\j\b\i) an appetiser or first course of a meal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) any competitor in a race or contest. b) a person who gives the signal for a race to start.
\CX13.\j\b\i a small motor used to start an internal combustion engine. Short form of \Bstarter motor\j\b\i.
\Bunder starter's orders\j\b\i, (of racehorses) all ready and waiting for the signal to start.
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\Hstarting block\h
\IAthletics:\j\b\i either of a pair of angled blocks fixed to the track to give a sprinter a foothold when making a crouching start.
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\Hstarting gate\h
a set of stalls which open simultaneously at the start of a horserace, etc.
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\Hstarting price\h
the betting odds on a horse, etc., at the time when a race starts.
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\Hstartle\h
\Pverb\p to alarm or surprise suddenly. \Bstartle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstartlingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstarve\h
\Pverb\p a) to suffer or die from hunger. b) to cause suffering or death from hunger: 'the army \Istarved\j\b\i the rebels by cutting off their supplies'. \Bstarvation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstarveling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a starving person or animal.
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\Hstash\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hide or store away.
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\Hstasis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a state or condition in which there is no progress or movement.
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\Hstate\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the circumstances of a person or thing: a) 'the house was in a filthy \Istate\j\b\i'; b) 'how's your \Istate\j\b\i of health?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the sick child was in quite a \Istate\j\b\i' (= tense, nervous or excited frame of mind).
\CX12.\j\b\i the form of something: 'the ice was melting to a liquid \Istate\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a country. b) (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) a division of a country for the purposes of local government: 'the six \IStates\j\b\i of Australia'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iusually capital\j\b\i) a country's civil government or administration: 'the police force is controlled by the \IState\j\b\i'.
\Bin state\j\b\i, with great dignity and honour.
\Bstate\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to set forth clearly and specifically: 'the barrister \Istated\j\b\i her client's case'. \Bstatehood\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fact or status of being a state; \Bstatecraft\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art of government and diplomacy.
#
\Hstateless\h
\Padjective\p having lost the citizenship of one country without acquiring that of another.
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\Hstately\h
\Padjective\p majestic or dignified. \Bstateliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstatement\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a declaration.
\CX12.\j\b\i a report showing the amount of money owed or in credit in an account.
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\Hstate-of-the-art\h
\Padjective\p using the latest techniques and equipment: '\Istate-of-the-art\j\b\i studio facilities'.
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\Hstateroom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large and luxurious first-class cabin on a passenger ship.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large room in a palace or public building, for formal occasions.
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\Hstate school\h
any primary or secondary school financed and maintained at public expense for the education of all the children and youth of a district.
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\Hstatesman\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bstatesperson\j\b\i
a person respected for skill in important government affairs, especially diplomacy. \Bstatesmanlike\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wise or diplomatic; \Bstatesmanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, skill or wisdom in managing government affairs.
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\Hstateswoman\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bstatesperson\j\b\i
a woman respected for her skill in important government affairs, especially diplomacy.
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\Hstatic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1statt\j\b\iik \Padjective\p not active, moving or changing.
\Bstatic\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a discharge of electricity in the atmosphere which causes a radio or television receiver to crackle.
\CX12.\j\b\i any stationary electric charges, such as may be produced when brushing one's hair. \Bstatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstatics\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the branch of mechanics which deals with bodies at rest and forces that produce equilibrium. Compare \Jdynamics\j\b\i.
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\Hstation\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place or position occupied or equipped for a particular job: a) 'take your action \Istations\j\b\i'; b) 'a police \Istation\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he had ideas above his \Istation\j\b\i' (= social rank).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a stopping place on a railway, bus route, etc. b) the buildings etc. at a stopping place.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a very large farm for raising cattle or sheep, usually in the outback.
\Bstation\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put at or in a certain place: 'sentries were \Istationed\j\b\i at each gate'. Latin \Istatio\j\b\i a standing still
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\Hstationary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n-ree \Padjective\p a) not moving: 'a \Istationary\j\b\i tram'. b) not movable: 'a \Istationary\j\b\i crane'. do not confuse with \Bstationery\j\b\i.
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\Hstationery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-sh'n-ree \Pnoun\p writing paper and related materials such as pens, pencils, etc. \Bstationer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who sells stationery. Medieval English \Istationer\j\b\i bookseller do not confuse with \Bstationary\j\b\i.
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\Hstationmaster\h
\Pnoun\p a person in charge of a railway station.
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\Hstation wagon\h
a motor car with a long body, having space behind the rear seats for luggage or goods and a door or tailgate at the back.
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\Hstatistics\h
\Isay\j\b\i sta-\CX1tis\j\b\itiks plural \Pnoun\p a) (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the collection and analysis of facts and data in the form of numbers. b) the facts and data themselves.
\Bvital statistics\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person's measurements at the chest, waist and hips.
an expert in, or compiler of, statistics. \Bstatistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstatistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstatue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stat\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p a free-standing sculpture of a human or animal figure.
\Bstatuary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any or all statues. \Bstatuary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stat\j\b\i-yewa-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or for statues; \Bstatuette\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stat-yoo-\CX1et\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a small statue.
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\Hstatuesque\h
\Isay\j\b\i stat-yoo-\CX1esk\j\b\i \Padjective\p like a statue in stillness, dignity, beauty, etc.
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\Hstature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stat\j\b\i-yoor \Pnoun\p the height of something, especially of a person.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's a person of great \Istature\j\b\i in the music world' (= achievement, importance).
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\Hstatus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stay\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p a person's or group's social, professional or legal position in relation to others.
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\Hstatus quo\h
\Isay\j\b\i staytus \CX1kwo\j\b\i the existing condition or state of things. Latin, state in which
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\Hstatus symbol\h
a possession, such as an expensive car, which is considered to indicate the owner's wealth, social position, etc.
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\Hstatute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stat\j\b\i-yoot \Pnoun\p a law made by Act of Parliament.
a) of or like a statute. b) fixed, done or required by statute: 'is death the \Istatutory\j\b\i penalty for murder?'. Latin \Istatutus\j\b\i set up
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\Hstatutory declaration\h
a written declaration in a form required by statute.
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\Hstaunch\h
\Isay\j\b\i stawnch \Padjective\p firmly loyal or steadfast: 'she's a \Istaunch\j\b\i supporter of law reform'.
\Bstaunch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
also called to \Bstanch\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to stop the flow of a liquid, especially of blood from a wound.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) to quell. \Bstaunchly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstaunchness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Old French \Iestanche\j\b\i watertight, reliable
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\Hstave\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the thin curved pieces of wood forming the sides of a barrel.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a rung of a chair, ladder, etc. b) a rod or pole.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jstaff\j\b\i.
\Bstave\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstaved\j\b\i or \Bstove\j\b\i, \Bstaving\j\b\i)
to crush inwards or make a hole in.
\Bstave off\j\b\i, 'it was impossible to \Istave off\j\b\i disaster' (= delay, ward off).
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\Hstaves\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plural of \Bstaff\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the plural of \Bstave\j\b\i.
#
\Hstay (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to continue to be in a place or condition: '\Istay\j\b\i in bed for a few days'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to stop, check or delay: 'this snack will \Istay\j\b\i your hunger'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to reside on a temporary basis: 'where are you \Istaying\j\b\i while you're in town?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I will \Istay\j\b\i the night' (= reside for the duration of).
\CX14.\j\b\i to be able to endure or continue: 'she is determined to \Istay\j\b\i the course'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome to stay\j\b\i, 'health foods have \Icome to stay\j\b\i' (= to be accepted as a permanent feature).
\Bstay up\j\b\i, not to go to bed until later than usual.
\Bstay\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a halt, stop or period of staying: 'he had a short \Istay\j\b\i in Mexico'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a postponement: 'a \Istay\j\b\i of execution was granted to the condemned prisoner'.
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\Hstay (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a brace or other structure to prevent movement, such as a corset, or a wire supporting a ship's mast.
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\Hstead\h
\Isay\j\b\i sted \Pnoun\p a place or position: 'I couldn't go, but sent another in my \Istead\j\b\i'.
\Bstand in good stead\j\b\i, 'this money will \Istand\j\b\i you \Iin good stead\j\b\i' (= be useful to).
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\Hsteadfast\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sted\j\b\i-fahst \Padjective\p firm, steady or unwavering: a) '\Isteadfast\j\b\i loyalty'; b) 'a \Isteadfast\j\b\i gaze'. \Bsteadfastly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsteadfastness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsteady\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stedd\j\b\iee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not likely to fall over, topple, etc.: 'is this ladder \Isteady\j\b\i?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you need \Isteady\j\b\i nerves for this job' (= not easily disturbed or upset).
\CX12.\j\b\i constant or regular: a) 'a \Isteady\j\b\i breeze'; b) 'he's a good \Isteady\j\b\i worker'.
\Bsteady\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in a steady manner.
\Bgo steady\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go out regularly with one girlfriend or boyfriend. \Bsteady\j\b\i, (\Bsteadied\j\b\i, \Bsteadying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become steady; \Bsteadily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsteadiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsteadier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that makes something steady.
#
\Hsteak\h
\Isay\j\b\i stake \Pnoun\p a thick slice of meat, usually beef, which is grilled, fried, etc.
\CX11.\j\b\i to take something that belongs to someone else without their knowledge or permission.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move quietly or secretly: 'I \Istole\j\b\i into the house at midnight'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the kitten \Istole\j\b\i his heart' (= won).
b) 'I \Istole\j\b\i a sleep at work' (= took secretly). \Bsteal\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) something bought or obtained very cheaply.
#
\Hstealth\h
\Isay\j\b\i stelth \Pnoun\p quiet secrecy or cunning. \Bstealth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (Military) capable of avoiding detection by radar; \Bstealthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstealthily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstealthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsteam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i water in the form of gas or vapour, caused by boiling.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) energy or power.
\Blet, blow off steam\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to release suppressed energy or feeling.
\Bsteam\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give off steam: 'the kettle is \Isteaming\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to become covered with water-vapour: 'the kitchen windows are all \Isteamed\j\b\i up'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to move, work, etc. under the power of steam: 'the ship \Isteamed\j\b\i into port'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to cook, soften, clean, etc. using steam. \Bsteamy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, covered with or full of steam.
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\Hsteamboat\h
\Pnoun\p a steamship.
#
\Hsteamed-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) angry or excited.
#
\Hsteam-engine\h
\Pnoun\p any engine worked by the force of steam.
#
\Hsteamer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a steamship.
\CX12.\j\b\i a container in which things are steamed, especially food.
#
\Hsteam iron\h
an iron which releases steam onto clothes, etc. to make them easier to iron.
#
\Hsteamroller\h
\Pnoun\p a heavy vehicle with large rollers for levelling roads, etc., formerly powered by a steam-engine.
#
\Hsteamship\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsteamboat\j\b\i or a \Bsteamer\j\b\i
a ship driven by a steam-engine.
#
\Hsteam-shovel\h
\Pnoun\p a digging or earth-moving machine formerly powered by a steam-engine but now powered by a diesel engine.
#
\Hsteamy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsteam\j\b\i.
#
\Hsteed\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a horse. Old English \Isteda\j\b\i a stud horse
#
\Hsteel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a large group of hard alloys of iron, carbon and various other elements.
\CX12.\j\b\i something made of steel, such as a sword or a rod for sharpening knives.
\CX13.\j\b\i a steel-like quality or nature: 'there was \Isteel\j\b\i in his voice'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a grey, metallic colour.
\Bsteel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make hard, determined, etc.: '\Isteel\j\b\i yourself against fear'.
\Bsteel\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of, containing or like steel. \Bsteely\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like steel in colour, hardness or strength.
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\Hsteel wool\h
a pad made of steel shavings and used for scouring or cleaning.
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\Hsteelyard\h
\Pnoun\p a weighing device consisting of an arm with a movable counterpoise at one end and a hook at the other to hold the object being weighed.
#
\Hsteep (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a slope) rising or falling sharply: 'a \Isteep\j\b\i flight of stairs'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unreasonable or excessive: 'the price is too \Isteep\j\b\i'. \Bsteep\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a steep slope or place; \Bsteepen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become steep or steeper; \Bsteeply\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsteepness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsteep (2)\h
\Pverb\p to soak thoroughly: '\Isteep\j\b\i the meat in claret before cooking'.
\Pnoun\p a horserace over ditches, hedges, etc. on a racetrack or across country. \Bsteeplechaser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a participant in a steeplechase. so called because the goal of the race was originally a distant church steeple
#
\Hsteeplejack\h
\Pnoun\p a person who climbs steeples, tall chimneys, etc. to do repairs.
#
\Hsteer (1)\h
\Pverb\p to guide or direct the course of something, such as a vehicle.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Isteers\j\b\i a path between conservatism and reform' (= takes).
\Bsteer clear of\j\b\i, to avoid.
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\Hsteer (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bbullock\j\b\i
a castrated bull.
\Bbum steer\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) bad advice, information or directions.
#
\Hsteerage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1steer\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p (in a passenger ship) the accommodation allotted to the passengers who travel at the cheapest rate. originally the part of the ship containing the steering gear
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\Hsteersman\h
\Pnoun\p a person who steers a ship.
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\Hstein\h
\Isay\j\b\i stine \Pnoun\p an earthenware mug, especially one for drinking beer. German, stone
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\Hstele\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IArchaeology:\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stee\j\b\i-lee) a stone column or upright slab, inscribed or carved with decoration.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i steel) the central core of vascular tissue in the stem or root of a plant. Greek
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\Hstellar\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to a star. Latin
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\Hstellate\h
\Padjective\p having the shape of a star.
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\Hstem (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the part of a plant which is normally above ground and carries the leaves and buds.
\CX12.\j\b\i something resembling the stem of a plant: a) 'the \Istem\j\b\i of a pipe'; b) 'the \Istem\j\b\i of a wineglass'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the main part of a word to which affixes are attached.
\CX14.\j\b\i the forward part of a ship: 'from \Istem\j\b\i to stern'.
\Bstem\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstemmed\j\b\i, \Bstemming\j\b\i)
to originate or develop: 'his fear of dogs \Istems\j\b\i from his childhood'.
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\Hstem (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstemmed\j\b\i, \Bstemming\j\b\i)
to stop or hold back a flow, movement, etc.
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\Hstench\h
\Pnoun\p an offensive smell.
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\Hstencil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sten\j\b\isil \Pnoun\p a sheet of paper or other material with a pattern cut out of it which may be reproduced on a surface on which the stencil is placed, by applying ink or paint to the cut out areas. \Bstencil\j\b\i (\Bstencilled\j\b\i, \Bstencilling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsten gun\h
a submachine gun.
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\Hstenographer\h
\Isay\j\b\i sten-\CX1nog\j\b\ira-fa \Pnoun\p a person who specialises in taking dictation in shorthand. \Bstenography\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the art of writing in shorthand; \Bstenographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stenno-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Istenos\j\b\i narrow + \Igraphein\j\b\i to write
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\Hstentorian\h
\Isay\j\b\i sten-\CX1taw\j\b\irian \Padjective\p very loud or powerful in sound: 'his \Istentorian\j\b\i voice could be heard everywhere in the large hall'. after \IStentor\j\b\i, a herald in Greek mythology who had a very loud voice
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\Hstep\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a movement made by lifting the foot and setting it down in another place, such as in walking, running or dancing. b) the distance covered by such a movement: 'he moved back a \Istep\j\b\i when I shouted at him'. c) the sound of such a movement: 'I heard a \Istep\j\b\i on the gravel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ledge-like support for the foot in ascending or descending: 'I had to climb many \Isteps\j\b\i to reach the observation platform'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) course: 'I retraced my \Isteps\j\b\i to look for my lost ring'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the first \Isteps\j\b\i towards peace' (= moves).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin step\j\b\i, a) at the same pace, and usually with the same foot movements, as others; b) in harmony or conformity.
\Bout of step\j\b\i, a) at a different pace or with different foot movements from others; b) not in harmony or conformity.
\Btake steps\j\b\i, to start a course of action.
\Bwatch one's step\j\b\i, to take care.
\Bstep\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstepped\j\b\i, \Bstepping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move by taking steps.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put or press the foot down: 'I \Istepped\j\b\i on a piece of glass'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to measure by pacing: 'she \Istepped\j\b\i out the 100 m length'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Istepped\j\b\i back when I shouted' (= took a step).
b) 'please \Istep\j\b\i this way' (= come, walk).
c) 'the steep slope had been \Istepped\j\b\i to make climbing easier' (= cut in steps).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstep down\j\b\i, a) 'when sales increased the advertising campaign was \Istepped down\j\b\i' (= decreased); b) 'after the scandal the mayor decided to \Istep down\j\b\i' (= resign); c) (of a transformer) to decrease voltage.
\Bstep in\j\b\i, to intervene or become involved.
\Bstep on it\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hurry.
\Bstep up\j\b\i, a) 'because the goods were not selling the advertising campaign was \Istepped up\j\b\i' (= increased); b) (of a transformer) to increase voltage.
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\Hstep-\h
a prefix indicating a relationship which is not due to blood but to the remarriage of a parent, as in \Istepmother\j\b\i.
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\Hstepchild\h
\Pnoun\p a husband's or wife's child from a previous marriage. \Bstepdaughter\j\b\i, \Bstepson\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hstepladder\h
\Pnoun\p a ladder with a hinged support to keep it upright.
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\Hstep-parent\h
\Pnoun\p a person who, through marriage, undertakes a role similar to that of one's mother or father. \Bstepmother\j\b\i, \Bstepfather\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hsteppe\h
\Isay\j\b\i step \Pnoun\p in America called a \Bprairie\j\b\i
in South Africa called a \Bveld\j\b\i
in South America called the \Bpampas\j\b\i
a wide plain, the climate of which generally allows grass but not trees to grow. Russian
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\Hstepping-stone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stone which provides a place to step, e.g. over a stream.
\CX12.\j\b\i a means of advancing or rising.
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\Hsteradian\h
\Isay\j\b\i ster-\CX1ray\j\b\i-dee-an \Pnoun\p a unit of solid angle, equal to the angle at the centre of a sphere which encloses an area on its surface equal to the square of its radius.
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\Hstereo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\iio \Ior\j\b\i \CX1steer\j\b\iio \Pnoun\p an instrument for stereophonic sound reproduction.
\Bstereo\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) stereophonic.
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\Hstereochemistry\h
\Isay\j\b\i sterrio-\CX1kemm\j\b\iis-tree \Pnoun\p a branch of chemistry studying the arrangement in space of atoms within a molecule.
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\Hstereogram\h
\Pnoun\p a stereophonic record-player.
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\Hstereometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i sterri-\CX1omm\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p the measurement of volumes. \Bstereometric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sterrio-\CX1met\j\b\irik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstereophonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sterrio-\CX1fonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p of or relating to sound reproduction through two distinct sound sources. Compare \Jmonophonic\j\b\i and \Bquadraphonic\j\b\i. Greek \Istereos\j\b\i solid + \IphonΘ\j\b\i a sound
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\Hstereoscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\iio-skope \Pnoun\p a device that enables an observer to combine the images of two pictures taken from points a little way apart and thus get the effect of depth and solidity. \Bstereoscopy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sterri-\CX1osk\j\b\ia-pee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstereoscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sterria-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Istereos\j\b\i solid + \Iskopein\j\b\i to look at
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\Hstereotype\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\iio-tipe \Pnoun\p a person or thing considered to represent a set or conventional type. \Bstereotype\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Istereos\j\b\i solid + \Itypos\j\b\i impression \Bstereotype\j\b\i is a type of generalisation in which a single person or thing is taken to represent a class of people or things. For example, the blonde, blue-eyed, sun-tanned muscular lifesaver was said by some to be the stereotypical Australian. The difficulty with stereotypes, as with other types of generalisations, is that they often lack accuracy. Are all Australians blonde, blue-eyed, suntanned, muscular lifesavers?
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\Hsterile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\iile \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) being unable to reproduce. b) being free from living micro-organisms. \Bsterility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ste-\CX1rill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsterilise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\ii-lize \Pverb\p sterilize \CX11.\j\b\i to make infertile, usually by an operation on the Fallopian tubes in females, or on the vas deferens in males.
\CX12.\j\b\i to destroy the micro-organisms in something, usually by bringing it to a high temperature. \Bsterilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsteriliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sterilises.
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\Hsterling\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the British currency with the pound as its basic unit.
\CX12.\j\b\i sterling silver.
\Bsterling\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to sterling: 'a \Isterling\j\b\i draft'.
\CX12.\j\b\i excellent: 'a man of \Isterling\j\b\i character'. probably from Old English \Isteorling\j\b\i a coin with a star on it
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\Hsterling silver\h
an alloy of 92.5 per cent silver and 7.5 per cent copper, used as a standard for silver in jewellery, cutlery, etc.
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\Hstern (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i grave or harsh: 'we received a \Istern\j\b\i reprimand for breaking the rules'.
\CX12.\j\b\i demanding and enforcing obedience: 'a \Istern\j\b\i schoolteacher'. \Bsternly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsternness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstern (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i the back end of a boat. Compare \Jbow (3)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the back of anything.
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\Hsternum\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsterna\j\b\i or \Bsternums\j\b\i
also called the \Bbreastbone\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a flat bone in the front of the chest, joined to the ribs. Greek \Isternon\j\b\i chest, breast
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\Hsteroid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\ioyd \Ior\j\b\i \CX1steer\j\b\i-oyd \Pnoun\p any of a large group of fat-soluble organic compounds widely distributed in nature and including the sterols and sex hormones.
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\Hsterol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sterr\j\b\iol \Ior\j\b\i \CX1steer\j\b\iol \Pnoun\p any of a group of fatty alcohols, such as cholesterol, made by animals and plants.
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\Hstertorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ster\j\b\ita-rus \Padjective\p characterised or accompanied by a snoring sound. \Bstertorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstertorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstet\h
\Pnoun\p a word used by a printer to indicate that a word or words marked for alteration, etc. should remain unchanged. Latin, let it stand
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\Hstethoscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1steth\j\b\ia-skope \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i an instrument used for listening to the sounds of the heart and lungs. Greek \Istethos\j\b\i breast + \Iskopein\j\b\i to look at
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\Hstetson\h
\Pnoun\p a man's hat with a high crown and wide brim. invented by \IJ. B. Stetson\j\b\i, 1830-1906, an American hatmaker
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\Hstevedore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stee\j\b\iva-dor \Pnoun\p a person who supervises the loading and unloading ships. \Bstevedore\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstew\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cook slowly by simmering in liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to fret or worry.
\Bstew in one's own juice\j\b\i, to suffer in a situation of one's own making.
\Bstew\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a combination of meat and vegetables, or fish, cooked slowly in liquid.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of agitation or uneasiness.
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\Hsteward\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who waits on passengers in a ship, aeroplane, train, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who organises, arranges or manages, e.g. the details of a race meeting, etc. \Bstewardess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of steward.
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\Hstick (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long slender piece of wood, especially a branch or stem from a tree, etc. b) something resembling this: a) 'a walking \Istick\j\b\i'; b) 'a hockey \Istick\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I only possess a few \Isticks\j\b\i of furniture' (= pieces).
\CX12.\j\b\i a joystick.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal, plural\j\b\i) an area far from a city or town.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) harsh criticism or abuse: 'the government took some \Istick\j\b\i over the latest unemployment figures'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba good stick\j\b\i, a likable person.
\Bthe wrong end of the stick\j\b\i, a complete misunderstanding of facts, etc.
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\Hstick (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstuck\j\b\i, \Bsticking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to pierce, puncture or penetrate with a pointed instrument: 'to \Istick\j\b\i a skewer into meat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to attach or fasten with or as if with adhesive: 'to \Istick\j\b\i a stamp on an envelope'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to put or place in a particular position: a) 'he \Istuck\j\b\i his hands in his pocket'; b) 'please \Istick\j\b\i the kettle on the stove'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to be at or come to a standstill: 'we got \Istuck\j\b\i in the peak-hour traffic'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I am completely \Istuck\j\b\i by this question' (= puzzled, confused).
b) 'the thought of their suffering \Istuck\j\b\i in my mind' (= stayed, remained fixed).
c) 'I \Istuck\j\b\i to my promise despite the difficulties' (= held faithfully).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstick at it\j\b\i, to persevere.
\Bstick in one's throat\j\b\i, to be hard to accept.
\Bstick it out\j\b\i, to persevere to the end.
\Bstick one's neck out\j\b\i, to take a risk.
\Bstick out\j\b\i, a) to protrude; b) to be very obvious.
\Bstick out for\j\b\i, 'we shall \Istick out for\j\b\i better working conditions' (= continue to demand).
\Bstick up\j\b\i, a) to protrude vertically; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to rob, especially at gunpoint.
\Bstick up for\j\b\i, to speak or act in defence of.
\Bstuck with\j\b\i, 'well I asked for the job and now I'm \Istuck with\j\b\i it' (= unable to get out of it).
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\Hsticker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that sticks.
\CX12.\j\b\i an adhesive label.
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\Hsticking plaster\h
short form is \Bplaster\j\b\i
an adhesive dressing for covering and protecting minor wounds.
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\Hstick insect\h
any of a group of insects with long, slender, twig-like bodies.
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\Hstick-in-the-mud\h
\Pnoun\p an unadventurous person who is opposed to new ideas, novelty, etc.
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\Hstickleback\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small, freshwater fish with one or more spines on their backs.
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\Hstickler\h
\Pnoun\p a person who insists on something unyieldingly: 'he is a \Istickler\j\b\i for accuracy'.
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\Hstick-up\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a robbery, especially at gunpoint.
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\Hsticky\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tending to stick or adhere.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't like this \Isticky\j\b\i weather' (= humid).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) difficult or awkward: 'a \Isticky\j\b\i problem'.
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\Hstickybeak\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who pries or meddles. \Bstickybeak\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to pry, b) to look.
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\Hsticky tape\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) adhesive tape.
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\Hstiff\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not easily bent or changed in shape: 'a \Istiff\j\b\i piece of cardboard'.
\CX12.\j\b\i hard to stir, move, work, etc.: a) 'the new car had \Istiff\j\b\i gears'; b) 'I had \Istiff\j\b\i muscles after the long walk'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the teacher set a \Istiff\j\b\i examination and most students failed' (= difficult).
b) 'the prince gave a \Istiff\j\b\i bow' (= ceremonious).
c) 'after the accident I needed a \Istiff\j\b\i drink' (= strong).
d) 'the judge gave him a \Istiff\j\b\i sentence' (= severe).
\Bstiff\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in or to a rigid state: 'the animal was frozen \Istiff\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i extremely or completely: 'I was bored \Istiff\j\b\i by the dull lecture'.
\Bstiff\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a dead body. \Bstiffly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstiffness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstiffen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become stiff; \Bstiffener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstiff-necked\h
\Padjective\p perversely obstinate.
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\Hstifle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sty\j\b\i-f'l \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to suffocate.
\CX12.\j\b\i to suppress: 'she \Istifled\j\b\i a yawn'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Istifled\j\b\i his children by excessive discipline' (= repressed). \Bstifling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, suffocating; \Bstiflingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstigma\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark of disgrace or reproach: 'the \Istigma\j\b\i of divorce is disappearing in many countries'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the end of the style of a flower, which receives the pollen. \Bstigmatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stig-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstigmatise\j\b\i, \Bstigmatize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to characterise as disgraceful. \Bstigma\j\b\i does not nowadays refer to a physical mark but it is derived from the Greek meaning of a marks made on the skin by a sharp implement. In the plural, \Istigmata\j\b\i, it was used of the marks made on Christ's hands and feet by the nails with which he was fastened to the cross.
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\Hstigmata\h
\Isay\j\b\i stig-\CX1mah\j\b\ita plural \Pnoun\p the marks upon certain people, believed to be a supernatural replica of the wounds received by Christ on the cross.
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\Hstile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of steps on both sides of a fence allowing people to climb over.
\CX12.\j\b\i a turnstile.
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\Hstiletto\h
\Isay\j\b\i stil\CX1letto\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a dagger with a slender, tapering blade. Italian
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\Hstiletto heel\h
a high heel on a woman's shoe which tapers to an extremely small base.
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\Hstill (1)\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i free from movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i free from disturbance or commotion: 'a \Istill\j\b\i night'.
\CX13.\j\b\i silent.
\CX14.\j\b\i relating to a single or static photograph.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Istill\j\b\i, small voice of conscience' (= hushed, subdued).
b) 'we ordered a \Istill\j\b\i wine' (= not effervescent).
\Bstill\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a single photograph, especially one showing a scene from a film.
\CX12.\j\b\i silence or calm.
\Bstill\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i free from movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) now as before: 'she is \Istill\j\b\i away'. b) in the future as in the past: 'now and then questions will \Istill\j\b\i be asked about the murder'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in increasing amount or degree: '\Istill\j\b\i warmer weather is forecast'.
\CX14.\j\b\i nevertheless: 'she has many clothes and \Istill\j\b\i wants more'. \Bstill\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make or become still, b) to calm; \Bstillness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstill (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a machine used for distilling a liquid, especially alcohol.
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\Hstill-born\h
\Padjective\p born dead. \Bstill-birth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstill life\h
a painting or drawing of a collection of inanimate objects, such as fruit, bottles, etc. \Bstill-life\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HStillsons\h
plural \Pnoun\p short form of \BStillson wrench\j\b\i
a heavy wrench with adjustable jaws designed to grip more tightly as pressure is applied. a trademark
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\Hstilt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a heavy pole used with others to support a house, etc. above the ground, especially near water.
\CX12.\j\b\i either of two long poles with supports for the feet, used for walking high above the ground.
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\Hstilted\h
\Padjective\p stiffly or unnaturally formal. \Bstiltedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstiltedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstimulant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stim\j\b\i-yoo-l'nt \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i any substance, such as caffeine, which temporarily quickens the functioning of some processes. Compare \Jsedative\j\b\i.
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\Hstimulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stim\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to rouse to action or increased activity. \Bstimulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstimulus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bstimuli\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stim\j\b\i-yoo-lie)
\CX11.\j\b\i something which causes a response.
\CX12.\j\b\i an incentive. Latin, a goad
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\Hsting\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstung\j\b\i, \Bstinging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to pierce with or as if with a sharply pointed structure or organ: 'I was \Istung\j\b\i by a bee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause a sharp pain.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to obtain money from: 'he \Istung\j\b\i me for ten dollars'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he was \Istung\j\b\i by the unjust accusation' (= caused to suffer acutely).
b) 'that \Istung\j\b\i her into action' (= stimulated).
\Bsting\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of stinging.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wound or pain caused by or as if by stinging.
\CX13.\j\b\i a keen stimulus or spur.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any sharp organ for piercing or injecting poison, used in attack or defence by an organism.
\Bsting in the tail\j\b\i, 'they offered me a new job but - and this was the \Isting in the tail\j\b\i - at lower pay' (= unpleasant aspect mentioned last). \Bstinger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that stings.
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\Hstingray\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of rays, having a flat kite-shaped body with a long, narrow tail, usually ending in three poisonous spines.
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\Hstingy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stin\j\b\i-jee \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i reluctant to give or spend money.
\CX12.\j\b\i scanty or meagre: 'we paid a lot of money but only got a \Istingy\j\b\i meal'. \Bstinginess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstink\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstank\j\b\i or \Bstunk\j\b\i, \Bstunk\j\b\i, \Bstinking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to emit a strong offensive smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be highly offensive.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they \Istink\j\b\i of money' (= have a large amount).
\Bstink\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a strong offensive smell.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a scandal or fuss.
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\Hstinker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that stinks.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a disgusting or objectionable person. b) something which is difficult or unpleasant.
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\Hstint\h
\Pnoun\p an amount or period of work to be done: 'we all did a \Istint\j\b\i in the garden'.
\Bwithout stint\j\b\i, 'he gave to charity \Iwithout stint\j\b\i' (= without limit).
\Bstint\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to limit or restrict.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be sparing or frugal: 'don't \Istint\j\b\i yourself with the butter'.
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\Hstipe\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a stalk or similar support.
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\Hstipend\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sty\j\b\i-pend \Pnoun\p a fixed or regular payment, especially a cleric's salary. \Bstipendiary\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sty-\CX1pen\j\b\idia-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) receiving a stipend, b) relating to a stipend. Latin \Istipendium\j\b\i tax, pay
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\Hstipple\h
\Pverb\p to engrave, paint or draw with dots. Dutch \Istippen\j\b\i to prick
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\Hstipulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stip\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p to specify or promise in an agreement: 'I \Istipulate\j\b\i that I will only come to Australia if you pay my fare'. \Bstipulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstir\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstirred\j\b\i, \Bstirring\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to mix by circular movements.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or cause to move, especially slightly: a) 'the breeze \Istirred\j\b\i the leaves'; b) 'she did not \Istir\j\b\i a finger to help us'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to rouse or be roused: a) 'the story \Istirred\j\b\i my imagination'; b) 'pity \Istirred\j\b\i in his heart when he heard our story'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'don't listen to him, he's only \Istirring\j\b\i' (= being provocative).
\Bstir\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of stirring: 'give the paint a \Istir\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a commotion. \Bstirring\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, rousing or exciting; \Bstirringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstirrer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that stirs, especially a person who stirs up trouble or difficulty.
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\Hstirrup\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i either of two loops, usually made of metal, hanging from the saddle on straps and into which the rider's foot is placed for support and balance.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of various similar supports. Old English \Istigan\j\b\i to climb + \Brope\j\b\i
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\Hstirrup cup\h
a parting drink. originally given to a guest who was mounted and ready to depart
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\Hstitch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) one complete movement of the needle in knitting, sewing, crocheting, etc. b) the loop of cotton, wool, etc. left by the movement of a needle. c) a particular method used in sewing, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden sharp pain in the side, e.g. after strenuous exercise.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she went swimming without a \Istitch\j\b\i on' (= piece of clothing).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I did not do a \Istitch\j\b\i of work all afternoon' (= bit).
\Bin stitches\j\b\i, 'he had us in \Istitches\j\b\i with his stories' (= laughing uproariously). \Bstitch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fasten, join or ornament with stitches.
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\Hstoat\h
\Isay\j\b\i stote \Pnoun\p See \Jermine\j\b\i.
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\Hstock\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the complete supply of goods kept by a merchant, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a supply accumulated for future use.
\CX13.\j\b\i livestock.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a) the capital of a company, especially as converted from its shares. b) the shares of a company.
\CX15.\j\b\i a line of ancestry: 'Louise comes from Scottish \Istock\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i a plant from which cuttings are obtained, or onto which a graft is made.
\CX17.\j\b\i the clear liquid obtained by boiling bones, meat or vegetables, used as a base for soups or sauces.
\CX18.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) a heavy wooden frame locking a person by the ankles, formerly used as a public punishment. b) the frame on which a ship rests during construction.
\CX19.\j\b\i the raw material out of which something is made: 'paper \Istock\j\b\i'.
\CX110.\j\b\i a supporting structure or handle of a gun, plough, whip, etc.
\CX111.\j\b\i a plant with brightly coloured, fragrant flowers.
\CX112.\j\b\i a light pole used by a skier to aid propulsion and balance on snow.
\Bout of stock\j\b\i, (of manufactured goods) temporarily unavailable.
\Btake stock\j\b\i, a) to make a list of stock in hand; b) to make an estimate, such as of prospects, resources, etc.
\Bstock\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i kept readily available for sale or use.
\CX12.\j\b\i commonplace: 'she received a \Istock\j\b\i reply to her question'.
\CX13.\j\b\i of or relating to stock: 'a \Istock\j\b\i clerk'. \Bstock\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to provide with stock, b) to have as a supply or stock; \Bstockist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstockade\h
\Isay\j\b\i stok-\CX1ade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a fortification or enclosure consisting of a wall of posts set in the ground.
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\Hstock and station agent\h
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a firm dealing in livestock and other farm produce.
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\Hstockbroker\h
\Pnoun\p a member of a stock exchange, who buys and sells stocks and shares on behalf of clients for a commission. \Bstockbrokerage\j\b\i, \Bstockbroking\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hstock car\h
an old car used in special races where competitors aim to collide with, and knock aside, the other cars.
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\Hstock exchange\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a place where stocks or shares may be bought and sold.
\CX12.\j\b\i an association of dealers in stocks and shares.
#
\Hstockholder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a shareholder.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a person who owns livestock.
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\Hstocking\h
\Pnoun\p a) a light, closely fitting piece of clothing worn on the foot and leg. b) something that has the shape of a stocking. \Bstockinged\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstock-in-trade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the stock of a merchant, store, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i the resources, ability or speciality of a company, person, etc.
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\Hstockman\h
\Pnoun\p a person who works on a sheep or cattle station.
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\Hstock market\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a stock exchange.
\CX12.\j\b\i the business transactions in a stock exchange.
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\Hstockpile\h
\Pverb\p to accumulate raw materials, arms, etc. for future use. \Bstockpile\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supply of goods or materials.
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\Hstockrider\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a person employed to look after stock.
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\Hstock-route\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a road where cattle, sheep, etc. are given right of way over vehicles.
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\Hstock-still\h
\Padverb\p absolutely motionless.
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\Hstocktaking\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the examining, valuing and listing of all stock held in a warehouse, shop, etc., usually done once a year.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reappraisal or reassessment of one's position, progress, etc.
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\Hstockwhip\h
\Pnoun\p a long leather whip with a heavy handle, used in rounding up cattle, etc.
the belief or practice of being stoical. \Bstoic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstoichiometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stoy\j\b\iki-omma-tree \Pnoun\p the branch of chemistry studying the quantities of chemical elements or compounds involved in chemical reactions. \Bstoichiometric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stoyki-a-\CX1met\j\b\irik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstoke\h
\Pverb\p to stir or feed a fire.
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\Hstoker\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jfireman\j\b\i
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\Hstole (1)\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bsteal\j\b\i.
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\Hstole (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long strip of silk, etc. hung over the shoulders and reaching below the knees, worn by Christian priests while administering the sacraments.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wide strip, especially of fur, worn by women round the shoulders. Greek \IstolΘ\j\b\i clothing
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\Hstolen\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsteal\j\b\i.
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\Hstolid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stoll\j\b\iid \Padjective\p having or showing little emotion or perception. \Bstolidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sto-\CX1lidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstolidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Istolidus\j\b\i dull
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\Hstoma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sto\j\b\i-ma \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstomata\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sto\j\b\i-ma-ta)
\IBiology:\j\b\i a pore on the surface of a plant, usually on the lower surface of a leaf, allowing the movement of gases in and out of the plant. Greek, mouth
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\Hstomach\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stumm\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a thick-walled bag between the oesophagus and the duodenum, where food is mixed with gastric juices and digestion begins.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the abdomen.
\CX13.\j\b\i an appetite for food.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I had no \Istomach\j\b\i for their jokes' (= liking).
\Bstomach\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to endure or tolerate.
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\Hstomach pump\h
a small pump used to withdraw the contents of the stomach through a long tube passed down the oesophagus.
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\Hstomp\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to stamp.
\Bstomp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of stamping.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dance, including stamping of the feet, performed to jazz-type music.
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\Hstone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the hard non-metallic substance of which rock is composed. b) a small piece of rock. c) a particular type of rock: '\Isandstone\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which resembles a stone: 'a \Ihailstone\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a stone designed for a particular purpose: 'a \Itombstone\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a gem.
\CX15.\j\b\i a unit of weight or mass in the avoirdupois system, equal to about 6.35 kg.
\CX16.\j\b\i the hard, central seed of many fruits, such as peaches, apricots, etc.
\CX17.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a solid body formed in an organ, such as the kidney, gall bladder, etc. Also called a \Bcalculus\j\b\i.
\CX18.\j\b\i a light grey colour.
\Bleave no stone unturned\j\b\i, to try every means.
\Bstone\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove stones from fruit, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to throw stones at. \Bstone\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HStone Age\h
the long period in the development of humankind when weapons and tools were first made from stone, before the use of metals was discovered. The earliest part was called the \BPalaeolithic\j\b\i, the middle period was called the \BMesolithic\j\b\i, and the later part was called the \BNeolithic\j\b\i.
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\Hstoned\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) under the influence of a drug, such as marijuana.
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\Hstone-dead\h
\Padjective\p completely dead.
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\Hstone-deaf\h
\Padjective\p completely deaf.
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\Hstone fruit\h
See \Jdrupe\j\b\i.
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\Hstone's-throw\h
\Pnoun\p a short distance.
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\Hstonewall\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i to bat defensively, aiming to stay in rather than score.
\CX12.\j\b\i to obstruct, e.g. the passage of a parliamentary bill.
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\Hstoneware\h
\Pnoun\p a type of pottery fired at high temperatures, so that the clay becomes hard and glassy. Compare \Jporcelain\j\b\i and \Bearthenware\j\b\i.
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\Hstonewashed\h
\Padjective\p \IDress:\j\b\i having a marbled pattern which makes the cloth look worn.
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\Hstonkered\h
\Padjective\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) exhausted or defeated.
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\Hstony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sto\j\b\i-nee \Padjective\p a) full of stones. b) hard like stone.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he met my request with a \Istony\j\b\i silence' (= hard-hearted, unmoved).
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\Hstony-broke\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) having no money at all.
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\Hstood\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstand\j\b\i.
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\Hstooge\h
\Isay\j\b\i stooj \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the partner in a comedy duo who is the butt of the comedian's jokes. b) a person who acts as or is the tool or dupe of another.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person placed or stationed for the purposes of spying or informing on others: 'a police \Istooge\j\b\i'. \Bstooge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to act as a stooge.
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\Hstook\h
\Pnoun\p a group of sheaves stacked head upwards in a paddock to dry.
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\Hstool\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a movable seat without armrests or a back, usually for one person. b) a portable support for the feet or knees: 'a prayer \Istool\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i faeces.
\Bfall between two stools\j\b\i, to fail to choose between two alternatives due to hesitation or indecision.
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\Hstool pigeon\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a decoy or informer.
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\Hstoop (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bend the head and shoulders forward.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I would never \Istoop\j\b\i so low as to beg' (= descend).
b) 'he would never \Istoop\j\b\i to listen to a mere buying clerk' (= condescend).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a hawk) to swoop on prey. \Bstoop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstoop (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a small porch or platform at the entrance to a house.
#
\Hstop\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstopped\j\b\i, \Bstopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to come or put to an end the motion or progress of: a) 'please \Istop\j\b\i the car here'; b) 'you can't \Istop\j\b\i me coming if I want to'; c) 'the bank \Istopped\j\b\i payment on the forged cheque'; d) 'I shall \Istop\j\b\i at nothing to get my way'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fill or cover an opening, hole, etc.: '\Istop\j\b\i that leak with a bung'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'll \Istop\j\b\i at home, if it's all the same to you' (= stay).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) to place a finger on a string so that only part of it may vibrate. b) to alter pitch in a wind instrument by opening or closing a device (a stop).
\CX14.\j\b\i to fill a tooth cavity.
\Bstop by\j\b\i, \Bstop off\j\b\i, \Bstop over\j\b\i, to visit briefly, especially on the way to somewhere else.
\Bstop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of stopping: 'she drove all the way without one \Istop\j\b\i'. b) the state of being stopped: 'we must bring this business to a \Istop\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the place where something stops: 'a \Ibus-stop\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which stops: a) 'a \Idoorstop\j\b\i'; b) 'plug the bottle with a \Istop\j\b\i'; c) 'an organ \Istop\j\b\i allows the sounding of particular sets of pipes'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i any punctuation mark, especially a full stop. \Bstoppage\j\b\i, (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stopp\j\b\i-ij) \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of stopping, b) an obstruction.
#
\Hstopcock\h
\Pnoun\p a valve in a pipe to control the flow of liquids.
#
\Hstope\h
\Pnoun\p \IMining:\j\b\i an underground opening with access from the shaft, etc., especially used for extracting ore from a vertical or steeply inclined vein.
#
\Hstopgap\h
\Pnoun\p a temporary substitute.
#
\Hstoplight\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a red light at an intersection etc., indicating that a vehicle facing it must stop.
\CX12.\j\b\i a red light on a vehicle indicating that it is stopping or slowing down.
#
\Hstopover\h
\Pnoun\p a temporary stay in the course of a journey, etc.
#
\Hstoppage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stopp\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p See \Jstop\j\b\i.
#
\Hstopper\h
\Pnoun\p any plug or cork used to block a hole. \Bstopper\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstop press\h
a column for news inserted in a newspaper just before it is printed.
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\Hstopwatch\h
\Pnoun\p an accurate watch with a hand or hands which may be started at any instant and is used for timing races, etc. to a fraction of a second.
#
\Hstorage device\h
any device that aids the keeping of data in or for a computer.
#
\Hstore\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a quantity or supply of something which has been kept or saved: 'I've got a \Istore\j\b\i of cold beer in the fridge'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) goods kept or supplied for a purpose: 'military \Istores\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a place where goods are kept.
\CX14.\j\b\i a shop, often large.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin store\j\b\i, a) 'there's a surprise \Iin store\j\b\i for you tonight' (= coming); b) kept in a warehouse until required.
\Bset store by\j\b\i, 'I usually don't \Iset\j\b\i much \Istore by\j\b\i astrologers' predictions' (= value, have regard for).
\Bstore cattle\j\b\i, \Bstore sheep\j\b\i, any animals bought to fatten and sell for meat.
\Bstore\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to collect and keep for future use: 'to \Istore\j\b\i coal for the winter'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put away or deposit for keeping.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his mind is well \Istored\j\b\i with all kinds of facts' (= stocked).
\Bstorage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of storing. b) the space for storing. c) a charge for storage.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i the keeping of data in or for a computer, usually on a hard or floppy disk. \Bstorekeeper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hstorehouse\h
\Pnoun\p a building in which things are stored.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his mind is a \Istorehouse\j\b\i of information' (= source of supply).
#
\Hstorey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stor\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p any of the levels of a building above the ground floor.
#
\Hstork\h
\Pnoun\p a large, black and white wading bird with long legs, neck and bill.
#
\Hstorm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a disturbance of the atmosphere by very strong winds, with rain, snow, etc. b) a heavy fall of rain, hail, or snow.
\CX12.\j\b\i a heavy or violent fall or outburst: a) 'a \Istorm\j\b\i of arrows'; b) 'a \Istorm\j\b\i of tears'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstorm in a teacup\j\b\i, a great fuss over a minor matter.
\Btake by storm\j\b\i, a) to capture by a sudden and violent military assault; b) 'the new singer \Itook\j\b\i the town \Iby storm\j\b\i' (= completely captivated).
\Bstorm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to rain, hail, snow or blow hard: 'it \Istormed\j\b\i all night'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Istormed\j\b\i out of the room' (= went angrily and violently).
b) 'she \Istormed\j\b\i at them to leave her alone' (= said angrily).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i to capture a place by a sudden and violent attack. \Bstormy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) affected by storms, b) violent; \Bstormily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstorminess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hstorm centre\h
\CX11.\j\b\i the area at the centre of a cyclone, where the air pressure is lowest and relative calm prevails.
\CX12.\j\b\i any centre of trouble, chaos, disturbance, etc.
#
\Hstorm-lantern\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jlantern\j\b\i.
#
\Hstorm-trooper\h
\Pnoun\p a member of troops trained for violent attacks.
#
\Hstormy petrel\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a very small black seabird with a white rump, which follows ships and whose appearance was thought to announce a coming storm.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who foreshadows or seems to attract trouble, e.g. by rebelling against accepted ideas, practices, etc.
#
\Hstory (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a narrative, usually fictitious, intended to entertain a reader or hearer. b) the main narrative or events of a novel, poem, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a journalist's account of an event: 'he expects us to print his \Istory\j\b\i on a flower show!'. b) the subject matter of such an account.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a lie: 'that's all a \Istory\j\b\i about Santa Claus'. b) an excuse: 'so that's your \Istory\j\b\i, young man!'. Latin \Ihistoria\j\b\i an account
#
\Hstory (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a storey.
#
\Hstorybook\h
\Padjective\p romantic or like a childish story: 'you live in a \Istorybook\j\b\i world of ideals and honour'.
#
\Hstoush\h
\Isay\j\b\i stowsh \Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fight.
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\Hstout\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i rather fat or bulky in figure: 'he's grown rather \Istout\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a castle must be built with \Istout\j\b\i walls' (= strongly made).
\CX12.\j\b\i brave, bold or stubborn: 'they made a \Istout\j\b\i defence of their lands'.
\Bstout\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a dark beer flavoured with roasted malt. \Bstoutly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstoutness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstout-hearted\h
\Padjective\p courageous or resolute. \Bstout-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstout-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstove (1)\h
\Pnoun\p an apparatus for cooking or heating, powered by gas, wood or electricity.
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\Hstove (2)\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstave\j\b\i.
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\Hstovepipe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pipe carrying smoke from a stove to a chimney.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act or manner of stowing. b) the state of being stowed.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the space for stowing goods. b) the goods stowed. c) the charge for stowing goods.
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\Hstraddle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stand or sit with one leg or part on either side of something: a) 'to \Istraddle\j\b\i a horse'; b) 'the bridge \Istraddles\j\b\i the river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have the legs wide apart: 'he sat with his legs \Istraddled\j\b\i'.
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\Hstrafe\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i to fire upon ground troops, etc. from the air with machine-guns.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to reprimand or berate. \Bstrafe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. German \Istrafen\j\b\i to punish
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\Hstraggle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stray or lag behind the main body.
\CX12.\j\b\i to grow, spread, etc. in an irregular or rambling manner: 'tendrils of ivy \Istraggling\j\b\i all over the place'. \Bstraggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something or someone that straggles.
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\Hstraight\h
\Isay\j\b\i strate \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i extending uniformly in one direction without a bend or curve: 'a \Istraight\j\b\i line'.
\CX12.\j\b\i level or symmetrical: 'are the pictures \Istraight\j\b\i?'.
\CX13.\j\b\i tidy or in proper order: 'I have to get my business affairs \Istraight\j\b\i before my holiday'.
\CX14.\j\b\i honest or open: a) 'he isn't \Istraight\j\b\i in his business dealings'; b) 'please give us a \Istraight\j\b\i answer'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has \Istraight\j\b\i, black hair' (= without waves or curls).
b) 'he isn't \Istraight\j\b\i in his business dealings' (= honest, upright).
c) 'you must get your facts \Istraight\j\b\i' (= correct).
d) 'her political ideas are very \Istraight\j\b\i' (= orthodox, conservative).
\CX15.\j\b\i (of an alcoholic drink) neat: 'a \Istraight\j\b\i whisky'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i of or relating to a serious play or film, as distinct from a comedy or musical.
\CX17.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) heterosexual.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep a straight face\j\b\i, to show no emotion or amusement.
\Bthe straight and narrow\j\b\i, 'after a dissolute youth Gordon kept to the \Istraight and narrow\j\b\i for the rest of his life' (= religious or moral rectitude).
\Bstraight\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in a straight line or way.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'come \Istraight\j\b\i home' (= directly).
b) 'she put him \Istraight\j\b\i about who was in charge' (= right, clear).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo straight\j\b\i, to lead an honest life, especially after having been a criminal.
\Bstraight out\j\b\i, 'I told him \Istraight out\j\b\i what I thought of him' (= directly).
\Bstraight\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the condition of being straight.
\CX12.\j\b\i a straight part, especially of a racecourse.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a hand having all consecutive cards.
\Bstraighten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become straight.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstraighten out\j\b\i, to set right or restore order to.
\Bstraighten up\j\b\i, to make tidy. \Bstraightly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstraightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstraightener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that straightens.
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\Hstraightforward\h
\Padjective\p a) open, honest or without evasion: 'a \Istraightforward\j\b\i explanation'. b) easy or simple: 'a dictionary written in \Istraightforward\j\b\i language'. \Bstraightforwardly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstraightforwardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstraight-out\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) direct or uncompromising: 'I gave him a \Istraight-out\j\b\i refusal'.
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\Hstrain (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to draw tight or stretch: 'the rope was \Istrained\j\b\i by the weight'. b) to pull hard: 'the dog \Istrained\j\b\i at his lead'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make extreme or excessive demands on: a) 'he \Istrained\j\b\i his ears to try and hear'; b) 'the hurdler \Istrained\j\b\i and damaged a muscle'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to pour through a filter, etc. to separate liquid from solid matter.
\Bstrain\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a straining force, weight or effort. b) an injury caused by too great an effort.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IScience:\j\b\i the change in shape of a body as a result of some external force. Compare \Jstress\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) musical sounds or a tune: 'the distant \Istrains\j\b\i of a street organ'. \Bstrained\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) tense, b) forced; \Bstrainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a device which strains, b) a main post in a wire fence. Latin \Istringere\j\b\i to draw tight
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\Hstrain (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a race or stock: 'he comes from a hardy peasant \Istrain\j\b\i'. b) inherited quality or character: 'it's the peasant \Istrain\j\b\i in him that gives him his stubbornness'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a group of animals or plants bred from a certain species or variety.
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\Hstrait\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow strip of water between two pieces of land.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a situation of great difficulty, need or distress: 'when the father died the family was left in financial \Istraits\j\b\i'.
\Bstraitened\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\Bin straitened circumstances\j\b\i, short of money.
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\Hstraitjacket\h
\Pnoun\p straightjacket a tight canvas jacket for restraining the arms of violent patients or prisoners.
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\Hstraitlaced\h
\Padjective\p straight-laced very strict or prudish in behaviour, etc.
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\Hstrand (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a single fibre, thread, hair, string of yarn, etc.
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\Hstrand (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iformerly\j\b\i) the shore of a lake or sea.
\Bstrand\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of a ship) to drive aground.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a person) to leave helpless or in difficulties.
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\Hstrange\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i odd or unusual: 'what a \Istrange\j\b\i thing to do'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not previously known: a) 'we moved to a \Istrange\j\b\i area'; b) 'that particular moth is \Istrange\j\b\i to me'. \Bstrangely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstrangeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iextraneus\j\b\i foreign
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\Hstranger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strane\j\b\i-jer \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person one has not known, seen or heard of before.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who is new to a place: 'I am a \Istranger\j\b\i to your city'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he is no \Istranger\j\b\i to suffering' (= person unacquainted with).
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\Hstrangle\h
\Pverb\p to choke to death: 'the Amazons were said to have \Istrangled\j\b\i lions with their bare hands'
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she tried to \Istrangle\j\b\i a yawn' (= stifle, suppress).
b) 'the flowers had been \Istrangled\j\b\i by the lush growth' (= choked).
\Bstrangles\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) an infectious disease of horses causing blockages in the air passages. \Bstrangler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who murders by strangling.
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\Hstranglehold\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wrestling hold by which one chokes one's opponent.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that prevents or restricts free movement, development, etc.
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\Hstrangulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strang\j\b\i-gew-late \Pverb\p a) to strangle. b) to interfere with the blood supply to some part of the body. \Bstrangulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstrap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strip of leather or other flexible material for supporting, fastening or holding things together: 'fasten the \Istraps\j\b\i on your pack'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a strap, such as a metal or leather loop in a train for a standing passenger to grip.
\Bstrap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstrapped\j\b\i, \Bstrapping\j\b\i)
a) to fasten with a strap. b) to beat with a strap. \Bstrapless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstraphanger\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a standing passenger in a bus, train, tram, etc., who holds a strap for support.
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\Hstrapper\h
\Pnoun\p \IHorseracing:\j\b\i a groom.
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\Hstrapping\h
\Padjective\p tall, strong and healthy.
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\Hstrata\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strah\j\b\ita plural \Pnoun\p the plural of \Bstratum\j\b\i.
\Bstrata title\j\b\i
a system of registering ownership of part of a multistorey building, e.g. a title for each flat in a block of flats.
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\Hstratagem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stratt\j\b\ia-gem \Pnoun\p a plan or trick, especially one for deceiving the enemy. Greek \Istratagema\j\b\i generalship do not confuse with \Bstrategy\j\b\i.
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\Hstrategy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stratt\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p planning or management on a large scale, e.g. a military campaign.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of weapons, bombing, etc.) intended or used to injure the whole economy or offensive power of an enemy. Compare \Jtactical\j\b\i. \Bstrategically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstrategist\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stratt\j\b\ia-jist), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is expert in strategy. Greek \Istrategos\j\b\i a general do not confuse with \Bstratagem\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form social groups at different levels as determined by class, status, etc. \Bstratification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstratosphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1straht\j\b\ia-sfeer \Ior\j\b\i \CX1stratt\j\b\ia-sfeer \Pnoun\p the upper layers of the atmosphere above the troposphere, beginning about 20 km from the earth's surface.
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\Hstratum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strah\j\b\itum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstrata\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a horizontal layer of any material, especially a layer of sedimentary rock, usually one of several parallel layers.
\CX12.\j\b\i any level or grade.
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\Hstratus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strah\j\b\itus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstrati\j\b\i
a low, smooth layer of cloud resembling fog.
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\Hstraw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a collection of coarse stems and leaves of cereal plants, usually dried, cut and used for bedding. Compare \Jhay\j\b\i. b) a natural or artificial fibre resembling straw, used for making hats, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hollow tube for sucking up liquids.
\CX13.\j\b\i a trifle: 'I don't care a \Istraw\j\b\i for him'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcatch, clutch, seize at a straw\j\b\i, to try anything in a desperate situation.
\Blast straw\j\b\i, an added burden, task, etc. which makes a situation intolerable. \Bstraw\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made of straw, b) yellowish.
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\Hstrawberry\h
\Pnoun\p a red, fleshy edible berry with a sweet taste. \Bstrawberry\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, reddish.
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\Hstraw vote\h
an unofficial vote to give an indication of the general trend of opinion.
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\Hstray\h
\Pverb\p to wander or lose one's way.
\Bstray\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a domestic animal that has strayed. \Bstray\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) lost or out of place, b) scattered or occasional.
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\Hstreak\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, thin line or mark: 'there's a \Istreak\j\b\i of dirt on your forehead'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there's a \Istreak\j\b\i of cruelty in you' (= trace).
b) 'let's hope for a \Istreak\j\b\i of good luck now' (= spell, period).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i the colour of a finely powdered mineral.
\Bstreak\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to mark with a streak or streaks.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move at great speed: 'the runner \Istreaked\j\b\i past the finishing line'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to appear naked in a public place. \Bstreaky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i ; \Bstreakily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstreakiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Bstreaker\j\b\i (informal), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstream\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small river. b) a steady flow of water or other liquid: 'the Gulf \IStream\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a steady flow or emission: a) 'the spotlight sent a \Istream\j\b\i of light onto the stage'; b) 'a \Istream\j\b\i of abuse fell from his lips'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Istream\j\b\i of opinion is against you' (= drift, run).
\Bstream\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to flow in or as if in a stream: a) 'water \Istreamed\j\b\i down the window'; b) 'the crowd \Istreamed\j\b\i through the stadium gates'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to divide students into classes according to their ability, or the subjects they are studying.
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\Hstreamer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long narrow strip of material: 'the hall was decorated with \Istreamers\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \INewspapers:\j\b\i a headline that runs across a full page.
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\Hstreamlined\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a shape designed to offer the least possible resistance to air or water.
\CX12.\j\b\i made more efficient, modern, etc. \Bstreamline\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstreet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a road in an urban area, usually lined with houses, shops, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the people living in a street: 'the whole \Istreet\j\b\i protested about the increased rates'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstreets ahead\j\b\i, far ahead.
\Bup one's street\j\b\i, within one's field of skill, interest, etc.
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\Hstreetcar\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a tram.
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\Hstreetwalker\h
\Pnoun\p a prostitute who seeks customers in the street.
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\Hstrength\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i bodily or muscular power: 'Samson was a man of great \Istrength\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the capacity to resist or sustain stress: a) 'the \Istrength\j\b\i of the steel in the main girders is crucial'; b) '\Istrength\j\b\i of character'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Istrength\j\b\i of numbers favours our side' (= superiority).
b) 'the normal \Istrength\j\b\i of the regiment is 3000 men' (= number).
c) 'what's the \Istrength\j\b\i of this rumour I heard?' (= reliability).
\CX13.\j\b\i degree of intensity: a) 'what \Istrength\j\b\i do you like your coffee?'; b) 'what \Istrength\j\b\i of colour there is in that painting!'.
\Bon the strength of\j\b\i, 'I went to visit the art gallery \Ion the strength of\j\b\i your recommendation' (= on the basis of). \Bstrengthen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become strong or stronger; \Bstrengthener\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstrenuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stren\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p requiring great effort or exertion: a) 'a \Istrenuous\j\b\i hike through the hills'; b) 'a \Istrenuous\j\b\i appeal for funds'. \Bstrenuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstrenuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstreptococcus\h
\Isay\j\b\i strepto-\CX1kokk\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p plural is \Bstreptococci\j\b\i
a group of round bacteria which occur in pairs or chains and may cause disease, such as throat infections. Greek \Istreptos\j\b\i twisted + \Ikokkos\j\b\i a berry
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\Hstreptomycin\h
\Isay\j\b\i strepto-\CX1my\j\b\i-sin \Pnoun\p an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of tuberculosis.
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\Hstress\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i special weight or significance: 'the school lays great \Istress\j\b\i on discipline'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the extra force placed on a word or syllable. \IExample\j\b\i: in the word '\Iwindow\j\b\i' the \Istress\j\b\i is on the first syllable.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IScience:\j\b\i the force per unit of area applied to a body. Compare \Jstrain (1)\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i emotional or intellectual pressure or tension: 'the court case placed him under a great deal of \Istress\j\b\i'. \Bstress\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to lay stress on, b) to subject to mechanical stress.
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\Hstretch\h
\Pverb\p to make or become longer, wider, larger, tighter, etc. by pulling: a) 'he \Istretched\j\b\i the new shoes to make them pinch less'; b) 'she \Istretched\j\b\i the skin of the drum'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the blow \Istretched\j\b\i him out on the floor' (= laid at full length).
b) 'she \Istretches\j\b\i the truth a bit' (= distorts, exaggerates).
c) 'the continual chatter \Istretched\j\b\i my patience to the limit' (= strained).
d) 'the hills \Istretch\j\b\i to the horizon' (= continue).
e) 'he \Istretched\j\b\i out a hand' (= reached).
f) 'he got up from a cramped position and \Istretched\j\b\i' (= extended his body and limbs).
\Bstretch a point\j\b\i, to make concessions.
\Bstretch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of stretching: a) 'she gave a \Istretch\j\b\i and got up'; b) 'it takes quite a \Istretch\j\b\i of the imagination to believe that'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a continuous length, distance, period, etc.: a) 'a \Istretch\j\b\i of shallow water'; b) 'there was a considerable \Istretch\j\b\i when I couldn't get work'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a term in prison.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i either of the two straight parts of a racecourse, especially the part between the last turn and the finishing post.
\Bat full stretch\j\b\i, to the utmost of one's powers. \Bstretchy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstretcher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of material supported by two long poles, used to carry sick or injured people.
\CX12.\j\b\i a wooden frame over which canvas or other fabric may be held taut.
\CX13.\j\b\i a collapsible bed.
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\Hstrew\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstrewed\j\b\i, \Bstrewn\j\b\i or \Bstrewed\j\b\i, \Bstrewing\j\b\i)
to spread about loosely or randomly: a) 'the untidy children \Istrewed\j\b\i the streets with litter'; b) 'papers were \Istrewn\j\b\i about all over the floor'.
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\Hstriated\h
\Isay\j\b\i stry-\CX1ay\j\b\i-tid \Padjective\p marked with fine grooves or furrows: 'a glacier will often leave a mass of \Istriated\j\b\i rocks behind it'. \Bstriation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstricken\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i afflicted or affected by: 'the \Ifever-stricken\j\b\i town'.
\CX12.\j\b\i deeply affected by emotion, especially fear, despair, etc.
\Bstricken\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstrike\j\b\i.
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\Hstrict\h
\Isay\j\b\i strikt \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) demanding obedience: 'a \Istrict\j\b\i teacher'. b) harsh: '\Istrict\j\b\i discipline'.
\CX12.\j\b\i exact: 'my watch doesn't keep very \Istrict\j\b\i time'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I am telling you this in \Istrict\j\b\i confidence' (= absolute, complete).
b) 'he's a very \Istrict\j\b\i Catholic' (= devout, closely conforming).
c) 'keep a \Istrict\j\b\i eye on the children while I'm away' (= close, careful). \Bstrictly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstrictness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstricture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strik\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i severe criticism: 'to pass \Istrictures\j\b\i on the quality of my work'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a narrowing in a duct or vessel, causing an obstruction.
\CX12.\j\b\i to sit or stand with one leg on each side of: 'to \Istride\j\b\i a stile'.
\Bstride\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a long step. b) the space covered in such a step.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of trousers.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake rapid strides\j\b\i, to make quick progress.
\Bto take in one's stride\j\b\i, to do or respond without difficulty or extra effort. \Bstrider\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstrident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stry\j\b\i-d'nt \Padjective\p (of a sound) shrill and harsh. \Bstridently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstridency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstrife\h
\Pnoun\p angry fighting or quarrelling.
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\Hstrike\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstruck\j\b\i, \Bstruck\j\b\i or \Bstricken\j\b\i, \Bstriking\j\b\i)
a) to give a blow to or with: 'I \Istruck\j\b\i him on the chin'. b) to come or cause to come into violent contact with: 'the ship \Istruck\j\b\i a reef'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the cattle raiders \Istruck\j\b\i at dusk' (= attacked).
b) '\Istrike\j\b\i that remark from the record' (= remove).
c) 'she tried to \Istrike\j\b\i a match in the wind' (= ignite).
d) 'new coins were \Istruck\j\b\i for decimal currency' (= minted).
e) 'the clock \Istruck\j\b\i four' (= announced by chiming).
f) 'at midday a shaft of light \Istrikes\j\b\i the unknown soldier's tomb' (= falls upon).
g) 'we walked for hours without \Istriking\j\b\i another track' (= coming upon, discovering).
h) 'the news \Istruck\j\b\i me speechless' (= rendered).
i) 'an idea suddenly \Istruck\j\b\i him' (= occurred to).
j) 'does she \Istrike\j\b\i you as a fair player?' (= impress).
k) 'the ham actor \Istruck\j\b\i a pose' (= assumed).
l) 'the ship \Istruck\j\b\i its sails and put down its anchor' (= lowered, took down).
m) 'the workers \Istruck\j\b\i for better conditions' (= stopped work in order to gain).
n) 'we managed to \Istrike\j\b\i some kind of agreement' (= make).
o) 'I planted the cutting but I don't think it will \Istrike\j\b\i in this cold weather' (= take root).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstrike home\j\b\i, to deal an effective or telling blow.
\Bstrike out\j\b\i, a) 'the hikers \Istruck out\j\b\i for the distant hills' (= set out); b) (in baseball) to be out for making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of striking: 'a bombing \Istrike\j\b\i by enemy aircraft'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the stopping of work as a threat or protest.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBaseball:\j\b\i an unsuccessful attempt to hit a pitched ball.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ITenpin bowling:\j\b\i a score obtained by knocking over all the tenpins in one shot. Compare \Jspare\j\b\i.
\CX15.\j\b\i a discovery of oil, ore, etc. in an oilwell or mine. \Bstriker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a worker who is on strike, b) something which strikes, such as the hammer of a bell, etc., c) the batsman who faces the bowler; \Bstriking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) attractive or impressive, b) on strike; \Bstrikingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstrikebreaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who helps to break up a strike by taking a striker's job or supplying workers who will do so.
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\Hstrike pay\h
the money paid by a trade union to members who are on strike.
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\Hstrine\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) Australian English. the supposed Australian pronunciation of the word Australian
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\Hstring\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a long slender flexible material, usually made of fibres twisted together and used for tying. b) something which has the shape or function of a string: 'the \Istring\j\b\i of a bean'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a set of objects threaded together: 'a \Istring\j\b\i of pearls'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) a tightly stretched length of catgut or wire which produces a note when made to vibrate. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) any instruments having such strings, especially those of the violin family.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the speaker had to answer a \Istring\j\b\i of questions' (= series, collection).
b) 'he was seeking a relationship with no \Istrings\j\b\i attached' (= conditions, limitations).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep on a string\j\b\i, to have under one's control.
\Bpull strings\j\b\i, to use influence and social contacts to gain something.
\Bstring\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstrung\j\b\i, \Bstringing\j\b\i)
to furnish with or as if with a string or strings.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'will you \Istring\j\b\i the celery?' (= removed the strings of).
b) '\Istringing\j\b\i the beads on the thread was tedious work' (= threading).
c) 'the streets were \Istrung\j\b\i with lanterns' (= adorned, hung).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bstring along\j\b\i, \Bstring on\j\b\i, to lead on.
\Bstring along with\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to cooperate with.
\Bstring out\j\b\i, a) 'the horses were \Istrung out\j\b\i all over the field' (= spread out); b) 'he \Istrung\j\b\i the discussion \Iout\j\b\i because he had time to waste' (= prolonged).
\Bstring up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to hang. \Bstringer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a horizontal timber beam, used as a support, etc; \Bstringy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) containing tough fibre, b) wiry or sinewy; \Bstringiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstringent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strin\j\b\i-j'nt \Padjective\p imposing rigorous standards of performance or obedience: a) '\Istringent\j\b\i laws'; b) '\Istringent\j\b\i discipline'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he presented a very \Istringent\j\b\i argument for his proposal' (= convincing, forcible). \Bstringently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstringency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstringy-bark\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a eucalypt with fibrous bark.
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\Hstrip\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstripped\j\b\i, \Bstripping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to take the covering from: 'they \Istripped\j\b\i the bark from the trees'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the suspects were \Istripped\j\b\i and searched' (= undressed).
b) 'the wind \Istripped\j\b\i all the leaves from the boughs' (= removed, took off).
\CX12.\j\b\i to tear the thread or teeth from a screw or gear.
\Bstrip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a long narrow piece: a) 'a \Istrip\j\b\i of cloth'; b) 'a \Istrip\j\b\i of land'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a striptease.
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\Hstrip cartoon\h
a story told, or information conveyed, in a series of small drawings, often with the dialogue encased in balloons emerging from the mouths of the characters depicted.
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\Hstripe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, narrow piece or section, different in colour, texture, etc. from the rest of a surface or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a piece of cloth worn on a uniform to indicate rank, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a blow struck with a whip or rod, as in punishment: 'he was sentenced to 100 \Istripes\j\b\i'. \Bstripe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to mark with a stripe or stripes; \Bstripy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hstripling\h
\Pnoun\p a young man who is not yet fully grown.
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\Hstripper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an entertainer who performs the striptease.
\CX12.\j\b\i a machine or solvent which strips.
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\Hstriptease\h
\Pnoun\p a form of entertainment performed to music, in which a person gradually undresses. \Bstripteaser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the swimmer \Istrove\j\b\i against the current' (= fought).
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\Hstroboscope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stro\j\b\i-ba-skope \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device used to make moving objects appear stationary, as by regularly interrupting vision, using intermittent lighting, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a lamp which flashes coloured lights intermittently on a stage or dance-floor. \Bstroboscopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stro-ba-\CX1skopp\j\b\iic), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstrobe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a stroboscope, b) stroboscopic light.
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\Hstrode\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bstride\j\b\i.
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\Hstroke\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a blow or act of striking, e.g. of an axe, lightning, a clock, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a single movement of the hand, arm, etc. by which something is made or done. b) a mark made by one movement of a pen, pencil, brush, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that was a \Istroke\j\b\i of luck' (= piece).
b) 'you be home on the \Istroke\j\b\i of eleven' (= exact moment).
c) 'it was a \Istroke\j\b\i of genius to solve that problem' (= brilliant or sudden act).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a sudden loss of consciousness or paralysis due to a blockage in a blood vessel that supplies blood to part of the brain.
\CX14.\j\b\i any of a series of alternating movements between two extreme positions, as one made by the pistons of a car engine.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i the rower, nearest the stern of the boat, who sets the pace for the crew.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a way of hitting a ball: 'the tennis player replied with a powerful backhand \Istroke\j\b\i'.
\Bstroke\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to pass the hand over gently or caressingly.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRowing:\j\b\i to act as stroke.
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\Hstroll\h
\Pverb\p to walk in a leisurely or casual manner. \Bstroll\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstroller\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who strolls, b) a pusher.
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\Hstroller\h
\Pnoun\p a mobile seat for children.
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\Hstrong\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i powerful: a) 'Hercules was a very \Istrong\j\b\i man'; b) 'have a cup of \Istrong\j\b\i coffee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i distinct or marked: 'a \Istrong\j\b\i contrast in their attitudes'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he proved \Istrong\j\b\i against temptation' (= firm).
b) 'he's \Istrong\j\b\i in languages' (= very competent).
c) 'school clothes have to be made of \Istrong\j\b\i cloth' (= lasting, durable).
d) 'the battalion dug itself into a \Istrong\j\b\i position' (= easy to defend).
e) 'the government used \Istrong\j\b\i measures to stop the riots' (= harsh, extreme).
f) 'she used \Istrong\j\b\i language' (= forceful, bad).
\Bstrong\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in a strong manner: 'she's still going \Istrong\j\b\i at 90'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in numbers: 'their movement is 200 000 \Istrong\j\b\i'. \Bstrongly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstrongarm\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) depending on physical force: 'the police had to use \Istrongarm\j\b\i tactics to disperse the demonstrators'.
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\Hstrongbox\h
\Pnoun\p a metal box for keeping money or valuables.
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\Hstronghold\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fortress.
\CX12.\j\b\i a place where an attitude, belief, etc. is strong.
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\Hstrong man\h
an entertainer who performs feats of strength.
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\Hstrong-minded\h
\Padjective\p having a vigorous, determined will or mind: 'she's being very \Istrong-minded\j\b\i about her diet'.
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\Hstrong point\h
a special aptitude or quality: 'writing is not my \Istrong point\j\b\i'.
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\Hstrongroom\h
\Pnoun\p a room in a bank for valuable articles, etc., built to resist fire and theft.
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\Hstrontium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 38, a reactive metal similar to calcium and whose compounds are used in fireworks. Radioactive strontium-90 is produced in atomic explosions. See \Jalkaline earth metal\j\b\i.
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\Hstrop\h
\Pnoun\p a device, usually leather, with an abrasive surface for sharpening implements, such as razors. \Bstrop\j\b\i (\Bstropped\j\b\i, \Bstropping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to sharpen on a strop.
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\Hstrophe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stro\j\b\i-fee \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i a stanza, especially the first of a pair of alternating form. Greek, turning
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\Hstroppy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) angry or complaining.
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\Hstrove\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bstrive\j\b\i.
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\Hstruck\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstrike\j\b\i.
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\Hstructural formula\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i See \Jformula\j\b\i.
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\Hstructure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1struk\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p a) the way something is put together: 'to study the \Istructure\j\b\i of a single cell'. b) something which is constructed, such as a bridge, building, etc. \Bstructural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or essential to a structure; \Bstructurally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstrudel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stroo\j\b\i-d'l \Pnoun\p a cake with a very thin, flaky pastry filled with fruit or cheese.
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\Hstruggle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to make violent physical efforts: 'I \Istruggled\j\b\i to open the jammed door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to work very hard at a task or problem: 'they \Istruggled\j\b\i for a living'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to proceed with great effort: 'they \Istruggled\j\b\i through the dense undergrowth'.
\Bstruggle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of struggling: 'the policeman could not restrain the spectator without a \Istruggle\j\b\i'. b) a great effort: 'the \Istruggle\j\b\i for liberty'. \Bstruggler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstrugglingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hstrum\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstrummed\j\b\i, \Bstrumming\j\b\i)
a) to sound the strings of a guitar, etc. by a downward finger movement. b) to idly or casually play a stringed musical instrument. \Bstrum\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstrumpet\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) an old word for a prostitute.
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\Hstrung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstring\j\b\i.
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\Hstrut (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstrutted\j\b\i, \Bstrutting\j\b\i)
to walk in a stiff-legged, pompous manner. \Bstrut\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a strutting way of walking.
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\Hstrut (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a supporting part of a structure which takes the pressure or weight along its length.
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\Hstrychnine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1strik\j\b\i-neen \Pnoun\p a white, crystalline poison which may be used in small quantities to stimulate the nervous system.
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\Hstub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the short blunt end of something which has been worn down, used up, cut, etc.: 'the \Istub\j\b\i of a cigar'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i the portion of a cheque remaining in a chequebook, on which the details are recorded. Also called a \Bcounterfoil\j\b\i.
\Bstub\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstubbed\j\b\i, \Bstubbing\j\b\i)
to strike against something: 'to \Istub\j\b\i one's toe on the leg of the bed'.
\Bstub out\j\b\i, to extinguish a cigarette, etc. by crushing the lighted end against a surface.
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\Hstub axle\h
either of the two short axles carrying the front wheels of a motor vehicle, which pivot about the kingpin to allow the car to be steered.
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\Hstubbie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a small beer bottle.
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\Hstubble\h
\Pnoun\p a) the cut stalks of cereal plants left in the ground after a harvest. b) anything resembling this, such as the unshaven growth of beard on a face. \Bstubbled\j\b\i, \Bstubbly\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hstubborn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stubb\j\b\i'n \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i inflexible in intention or opinion: 'her \Istubborn\j\b\i refusal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i difficult to manage, control, etc.: 'a \Istubborn\j\b\i horse'. \Bstubbornly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstubbornness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstubby\h
\Padjective\p short and thick: '\Istubby\j\b\i fingers'.
\Bstubby\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a small, fat beer bottle holding about 370 mL. \Bstubbily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstubbiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstucco\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stuk\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p a type of plaster used on walls or other surfaces to form a rough, knobbled surface. \Bstucco\j\b\i (\Bstuccoed\j\b\i, \Bstuccoing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with stucco.
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\Hstuck\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstick (2)\j\b\i.
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\Hstuck-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) conceited or superior.
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\Hstud (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small metal button for fastening shirt collars, etc. b) a large-headed nail or knob projecting from a surface, especially as a decoration.
\CX12.\j\b\i a threaded rod or bolt without a head.
\CX13.\j\b\i an upright post or support, e.g. in the framework of a wall or house.
\Bstud\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstudded\j\b\i, \Bstudding\j\b\i)
to set or decorate with or as if with studs: 'a shield \Istudded\j\b\i with jewels'.
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\Hstud (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a collection of horses for racing, hunting, breeding, etc. b) a stallion or other male animal kept for breeding.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) (\Iuse is often derogatory\j\b\i) an attractive, virile man.
\Bat stud\j\b\i, (of a male animal) used or available for breeding purposes. \Bstudbook\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a register of horses' pedigrees.
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\Hstud (3)\h
\Pnoun\p stud poker.
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\Hstudent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stew\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who studies at a school or other institution.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who studies: 'a \Istudent\j\b\i of Hebrew'.
\Bstudentship\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the state or condition of being a student. b) a scholarship for a student.
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\Hstudied\h
\Padjective\p a) not spontaneous or natural: 'a \Istudied\j\b\i smile'. b) deliberate: 'a \Istudied\j\b\i insult'.
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\Hstudio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stew\j\b\i-dee-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the workroom of an artist, photographer, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a room or building with equipment for broadcasting, making films, etc.
\Bstudio apartment\j\b\i
a small flat, usually with a view.
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\Hstudious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stew\j\b\i-dee-us \Padjective\p a) devoted to study: 'a \Istudious\j\b\i pupil'. b) painstaking: 'definitions written with \Istudious\j\b\i care'.
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\Hstud poker\h
\ICards:\j\b\i a form of poker in which some rounds of cards are dealt face up.
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\Hstudy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the process of acquiring knowledge through reading, investigation or thinking. b) a branch of knowledge or something that is to be studied: 'she is engaged on several archaeological \Istudies\j\b\i now'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she sank into a deep \Istudy\j\b\i' (= reverie, state of thought).
b) 'he has several distinguished \Istudies\j\b\i to his credit' (= publications, reports).
c) 'his face was a real \Istudy\j\b\i' (= something worth seeing).
\CX12.\j\b\i a room for studying, reading or writing.
\CX13.\j\b\i a work, such as a musical composition for one instrument, which is produced as a technical or preliminary exercise.
\Bstudy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bstudied\j\b\i, \Bstudying\j\b\i)
to engage in or conduct a study or studies.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we're \Istudying\j\b\i your suggestions carefully' (= examining).
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\Hstuff\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to cram or fill tightly: 'we \Istuffed\j\b\i the cushion with down'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to fill meat, poultry, vegetables, etc. with a highly seasoned mixture.
\CX13.\j\b\i to fill the empty carcass of an animal, etc. with material in order to make it appear lifelike for display purposes.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'my nose is all \Istuffed\j\b\i up' (= blocked).
b) 'she \Istuffed\j\b\i herself at the feast' (= ate too much).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I was absolutely \Istuffed\j\b\i after the race' (= exhausted).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the carburettor on my car is \Istuffed\j\b\i' (= out of action, ruined).
\Bstuff up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to bungle.
\Bstuff\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the material out of which something is made: 'he's just not the \Istuff\j\b\i a leader is made of'.
\CX12.\j\b\i material or substance of any indefinite kind: 'just give me some \Istuff\j\b\i to rub on it when it aches'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you can just pack up your \Istuff\j\b\i and go' (= belongings).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'you can cut out the rough \Istuff\j\b\i' (= actions, language).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'we've hired a man there who really knows his \Istuff\j\b\i' (= trade, profession).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdo one's stuff\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to do what is expected of one or show what one can do.
\Bstuff and nonsense\j\b\i, foolish talk, ideas, writing, etc.
\Bstuffing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any material used to fill or pack something, such as a mixture of seasoned breadcrumbs, etc. used to stuff poultry, etc. before cooking.
\Bknock the stuffing out of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to weaken or defeat.
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\Hstuffed shirt\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a pompous or pretentious person.
#
\Hstuffy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a room, etc.) poorly ventilated.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Istuffy\j\b\i old textbooks' (= dull, lacking interest).
\CX12.\j\b\i blocked: 'a \Istuffy\j\b\i nose'.
\CX13.\j\b\i prim or easily shocked: 'my \Istuffy\j\b\i old relations'. \Bstuffily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstuffiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to make useless or futile. \Bstultification\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stultifi-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstumble\h
\Pverb\p a) to trip and almost fall. b) to walk or proceed in an unsteady or blundering way.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we \Istumbled\j\b\i badly in our estimate of the cost of the project' (= blundered, made a mistake).
b) 'he \Istumbled\j\b\i upon the new drug in the course of other research' (= came accidentally or unexpectedly). \Bstumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstumblingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstumbler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstumbling block\h
an obstacle or hindrance.
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\Hstump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a tree remaining after the tree has fallen or been cut down.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything remaining after the main part has been cut off, worn down, etc.: 'the \Istump\j\b\i of a leg'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i any of the three upright wooden pegs (called the leg, middle and off stumps) set at either end of the pitch.
\Bstump\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to walk heavily or clumsily: 'he \Istumped\j\b\i up the stairs in a huff'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to baffle or leave at a loss: 'the last question \Istumped\j\b\i all the candidates'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i to travel through a district making political speeches.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i to dismiss the player by knocking the bails off with the ball while he or she is out of the crease attempting a stroke. \Bstumper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a puzzling question; \Bstumpy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, short and thick; \Bstumpily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstumpiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstump-jump plough\h
\IAustralian:\j\b\i a plough designed to ride over roots, etc. in newly cleared ground.
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\Hstun\h
\Pverb\p (\Bstunned\j\b\i, \Bstunning\j\b\i)
to knock unconscious or nearly unconscious by a blow, shock, etc. \Bstunning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) strikingly attractive; \Bstunningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstunner\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) (informal) a strikingly attractive person or thing, b) a person or thing that stuns.
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\Hstung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsting\j\b\i.
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\Hstunk\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bstink\j\b\i.
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\Hstunt (1)\h
\Pverb\p to hinder the growth or development of: 'the cold winters have \Istunted\j\b\i the trees'. \Bstunted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bstuntedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstunt (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bold, daring or unusual feat.
\CX12.\j\b\i an action meant to attract attention, etc.: 'it was an advertising \Istunt\j\b\i'.
\Bstunt man\j\b\i
a person paid to perform stunts, especially as a substitute for an actor in dangerous scenes.
to make stupid or senseless: 'he was completely \Istupefied\j\b\i with drink'.
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\Hstupendous\h
\Isay\j\b\i stew-\CX1pen\j\b\idus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i amazing or astounding: 'the Grand Canyon is a \Istupendous\j\b\i sight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i immense: 'I have a \Istupendous\j\b\i amount of work to get through'. \Bstupendously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstupendousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hstupid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stew\j\b\i-pid \Padjective\p slow to apprehend or understand: 'speak slowly to him, he's a bit \Istupid\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'that was a \Istupid\j\b\i thing to say' (= unthinking, silly).
b) 'I really hate this \Istupid\j\b\i job' (= boring, uninteresting). \Bstupidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i stew-\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, dullness or lack of intelligence; \Bstupidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Istupidus\j\b\i struck senseless
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\Hstupor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stew\j\b\i-pa \Pnoun\p a state of apathy and drowsiness. \Bstuporous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsturdy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ster\j\b\i-dee \Padjective\p strong or robust: a) 'children's \Isturdy\j\b\i little legs'; b) '\Isturdy\j\b\i common sense'. \Bsturdily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsturdiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsturgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ster\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, edible fish found in the Northern Hemisphere, used as a source of caviar.
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\HSturt's desert pea\h
an Australian plant with bright red and black flowers which hang in clusters on short, erect stems. The floral emblem of South Australia.
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\HSturt's desert rose\h
a small Australian shrub producing flowers of mauve petals with dark red markings. The floral emblem of the Northern Territory.
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\Hstutter\h
\Pnoun\p a speech defect in which sounds are repeated, or found difficult to say, often accompanied by facial contortions and uncontrollable pauses. \Bstutter\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bstutterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstutteringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsty (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a pigsty. b) any filthy place.
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\Hsty (2)\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Bstye\j\b\i
a small swelling, like a boil, on the edge of an eyelid.
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\Hstyle\h
\Isay\j\b\i stile \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the particular manner in which something appears, is done, etc.: a) 'a \Ihairstyle\j\b\i'; b) 'he won in fine \Istyle\j\b\i'; c) 'the author writes in a natural \Istyle\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the combination of characteristics that distinguish a period of art, etc.: 'the Gothic \Istyle\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'live in \Istyle\j\b\i while the money lasts' (= an elegant manner).
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the slender, upper part of the carpel of a flower.
\Bstyle\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give a title or name to: 'he \Istyled\j\b\i himself Emperor of the World'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to design or give a style to: 'she cut and \Istyled\j\b\i his hair'.
\Bstylise\j\b\i, \Bstylize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to represent or treat in accordance with a principle of design or style rather than as it is in nature: 'most Egyptian sculpture is highly \Istylised\j\b\i'. \Bstylish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, elegant or fashionable; \Bstylishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstylishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bstylistic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or relating to style; \Bstylistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bstylisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Istilus\j\b\i a writing instrument, a way of writing
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\Hstylist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1stile\j\b\i-ist \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, especially a writer, who cultivates a good style.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who designs or creates styles in hairdressing, etc.
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\Hstylus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sty\j\b\i-lus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a pointed implement for writing or engraving.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very fine sapphire or diamond which follows the groove in a gramophone record and transmits the resulting vibrations to the cartridge. Also called a \Bneedle\j\b\i.
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\Hstymie\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sty\j\b\i-mee \Pverb\p to block or thwart: 'her ambition was \Istymied\j\b\i by opposition from the family'.
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\Hstyrofoam\h
\Pnoun\p a lightweight, firm, polystyrene plastic used for packaging, insulation, etc. a trademark
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\Hsuave\h
\Isay\j\b\i swahv \Padjective\p graciously pleasant in manner, often to an excessive degree. \Bsuavely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuavity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swah\j\b\ivi-tee), \Bsuaveness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isuavis\j\b\i pleasant
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\Hsub-\h
a prefix meaning: a) near, as in \Isubtropical\j\b\i; b) under, as in \Isubmarine\j\b\i; c) further, as in \Isubdivide\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hsubagent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-ay-j'nt \Pnoun\p a person who works for an agent or to whom the duties of an agency have been assigned.
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\Hsubaltern\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1subb\j\b\i'l-tern \Ior\j\b\i sub-\CX1awl\j\b\i-tern \Pnoun\p \IMilitary:\j\b\i an army officer below the rank of captain.
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\Hsubatomic\h
\Isay\j\b\i subba-\CX1tomm\j\b\iik \Padjective\p consisting of particles smaller than, or forming part of, an atom.
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\Hsubcommittee\h
\Pnoun\p a committee appointed from a larger committee.
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\Hsubconscious\h
\Padjective\p (of mental processes) outside the immediate field of consciousness, but able to be recalled to conscious awareness under hypnosis, etc. \Bsubconscious\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsubconsciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bsubconscious, unconscious\j\b\i. \IUnconscious\j\b\i has two main meanings: a) unaware: 'I was biting my nails all through the interview, though I was \Iunconscious\j\b\i of doing it'; and b) in a non-conscious state: 'he was knocked \Iunconscious\j\b\i in the fall'. \ISubconscious\j\b\i refers to the deep and mysterious part of the mind of whose workings we are largely unaware, and which is responsible for our dreams among other things: 'his illness at exam time may show an \Isubconscious\j\b\i fear of failure'.
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\Hsubcontinent\h
\Pnoun\p a land mass which is part of a continent, e.g. the Indian subcontinent (of Asia).
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\Hsubcontract\h
\Pnoun\p an arrangement by which a person who has agreed to do a job makes a contract with some other person to do part or all of the job. \Bsubcontract\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsubcontractor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubculture\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a separate system of behaviour or beliefs existing within a larger culture or society.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jculture\j\b\i.
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\Hsubcutaneous\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-kew-\CX1tay\j\b\ini-us \Padjective\p under the skin. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Icutis\j\b\i skin
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\Hsubdivide\h
\Pverb\p to divide again or into smaller parts: 'to \Isubdivide\j\b\i land for a housing estate'.
\Bsubdivision\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i another or further division.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a part, such as a piece of land, resulting from subdividing. b) an area of land, etc. composed of subdivided lots.
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\Hsubdue\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1dew\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to conquer or overcome: 'I \Isubdued\j\b\i my fears and stepped out into the dark'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to soften or tone down: 'curtains will \Isubdue\j\b\i the harshness of the light in this room'.
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\Hsubheading\h
\Pnoun\p a) a heading given to a section of an article, etc. b) a second or lesser part of a main title.
Also called a \Bsubhead\j\b\i.
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\Hsubject\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-jekt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a topic or main theme: a) 'the \Isubject\j\b\i of my talk will be collecting antiques'; b) 'orchestral variations on a musical \Isubject\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is the object of experiment, testing, etc.: 'we need 100 \Isubjects\j\b\i for a psychological test'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the thing represented in or the model for a painting, sculpture, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a person who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a government: 'a British \Isubject\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i any area of knowledge which may be studied.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the word or words in a sentence which represent the person or thing about which something is said. \IExample: the girl\j\b\i ran across the road. Compare \Jobject\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i under the power of another: 'a \Isubject\j\b\i nation'.
\CX12.\j\b\i open or exposed to: 'the decision is \Isubject\j\b\i to appeal'.
\CX13.\j\b\i dependent upon: '\Isubject\j\b\i to the council's approval, the tree-planting ceremony will go on'. \Bsubjection\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1jek\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubjective\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1jek\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i taking place solely within the mind.
\CX12.\j\b\i influenced by one's personal interests, emotions or prejudices: 'to take a \Isubjective\j\b\i view of things'. See \Jobjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsubjectivism\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1jek\j\b\itiv-izm \Pnoun\p \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i the belief that the mind can know only things related to itself and that there can be no objective test of truth. Compare \Jobjectivism\j\b\i.
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\Hsub judice\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub \CX1joo\j\b\ida-see \ILaw:\j\b\i before, or about to come before, a court. Latin, under the judge
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\Hsubjugate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-joo-gate \Pverb\p to conquer or bring under control: a) 'to \Isubjugate\j\b\i a nation'; b) 'to \Isubjugate\j\b\i one's passions'. \Bsubjugation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubjunctive\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1junk\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jmood (2)\j\b\i. \Bsubjunctive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the subjunctive mood, b) a \Pverb\p in the subjunctive mood.
\CX11.\j\b\i to rent out to another, property that one is already renting.
\CX12.\j\b\i to let out work, etc. on a subcontract.
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\Hsublimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\ili-mate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i to redirect a socially unacceptable impulse into some other, more acceptable activity.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry, Physics:\j\b\i to sublime. \Bsublimate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\ili-mit), \Inoun\j\b\i, the material obtained when a substance is sublimed, especially when regarded as purified by the process; \Bsublimation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isublimare\j\b\i to lift up
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\Hsublime\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1blime\j\b\i \Padjective\p lofty or noble: a) '\Isublime\j\b\i music'; b) '\Isublime\j\b\i mountain scenery'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we tried to regain that \Isublime\j\b\i moment of happiness' (= perfect, complete).
\Bsublime\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\IChemistry, Physics:\j\b\i to cause a solid substance to convert to a gas, and then to solidify again without passing through a liquid phase, by the application of heat or pressure. \Bsublimely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsublimity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1blimm\j\b\ii-tee), \Bsublimeness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Isublimis\j\b\i uplifted
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\Hsubliminal\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1limm\j\b\ii-n'l \Padjective\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i perceived below the threshold of consciousness, such as an image or stimulus of too low an intensity for one to become clearly conscious of it.
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\Hsubmachine gun\h
a light, automatic weapon fired from the shoulder or the hip.
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\Hsubmarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i subma-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a ship designed and equipped to travel and operate both on and below water.
\Bsubmarine\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
beneath the surface of the sea: '\Isubmarine\j\b\i plants'.
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\Hsubmerge\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1merj\j\b\i \Pverb\p submerse to plunge under water or some other liquid: a) 'the sandbank is \Isubmerged\j\b\i at high tide'; b) 'the submarine \Isubmerged\j\b\i'. \Bsubmergence\j\b\i, \Bsubmersion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1mer\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bsubmerged\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (Biology) growing under water.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of submitting: 'a willing \Isubmission\j\b\i to punishment'. b) the state of having submitted: '\Isubmission\j\b\i was written all over his face'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is submitted: 'a written \Isubmission\j\b\i from each applicant'.
a) willing or inclined to submit: 'a \Isubmissive\j\b\i child'. b) marked by or indicating submission: 'a \Isubmissive\j\b\i answer'. \Bsubmissively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsubmissiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubnormal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i below the average: '\Isubnormal\j\b\i temperatures for this time of year'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i having some mental deficiency. \Bsubnormally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsubnormality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-nor-\CX1mall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubordinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i su\CX1bor\j\b\idi-nit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i belonging to a lower rank or status.
\CX12.\j\b\i secondary: 'that's only of \Isubordinate\j\b\i importance'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i a) of a clause or phrase which adds to the meaning of another, but makes no sense by itself. \IExample\j\b\i: he visited his sister, \Iwho was in hospital\j\b\i. b) of a conjunction which introduces a subordinate clause or phrase. \IExample\j\b\i: \Ibecause\j\b\i, \Isince\j\b\i, \Iif\j\b\i, \Ias\j\b\i and \Iwhether\j\b\i are subordinate conjunctions.
a subordinate person or thing. \Bsubordinately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsubordination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsuborn\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1orn\j\b\i \Pverb\p to persuade a person to commit an illegal act, especially perjury. \Bsubornation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i subba-\CX1nay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubpoena\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1pee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsubpoenas\j\b\i
\ILaw:\j\b\i a court document which summons a person to appear in court as a witness.
\Bsubpoena\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsubpoenaed\j\b\i, \Bsubpoenaing\j\b\i)
to serve or summon with a subpoena.
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\Hsubpolar\h
\Padjective\p between the polar and the cool temperate regions, having long, cold winters, low rainfall and coniferous forests.
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\Hsub rosa\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub \CX1ro\j\b\i-za confidentially or in secret. Latin, under the rose, which was the symbol of Horus, the Egyptian god of silence
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\Hsubroutine\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a routine which is part of another, larger one, but which can be reached from more than one place in a main program.
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\Hsubscribe\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to undertake to receive and pay for a certain number of issues of a periodical, tickets to concerts, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to express agreement or approval: 'I heartily \Isubscribe\j\b\i to that theory'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to promise or contribute a sum of money: 'will you \Isubscribe\j\b\i to the new government loan?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to sign one's name at the end of a document, especially as a sign of agreement, approval, acceptance, etc.
a) the act of subscribing. b) something which is subscribed, such as a collection of money. \Bsubscriber\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who subscribes to a periodical, etc., b) a person who rents a telephone.
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\Hsubscriber trunk dialling\h
short form is \BSTD\j\b\i
a telephone dialling system for use inside a country in which the caller, by the addition of coded digits before a telephone number, is able to call a number in another telephone district, without the aid of an operator. Compare \Jinternational subscriber dialling\j\b\i.
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\Hsubscript\h
\Pnoun\p a letter or number placed below the line, such as the \B2\j\b\i in CO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i.
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\Hsubsequent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\isa-kwent \Padjective\p following or coming after or later: '\Isubsequent\j\b\i developments changed our first opinion of the case'.
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\Hsubsequently\h
\Padverb\p later or afterwards: 'she \Isubsequently\j\b\i changed her mind'. See \Jconsequently\j\b\i.
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\Hsubserve\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1serv\j\b\i \Pverb\p to be useful in forwarding or promoting: 'the secondary plot \Isubserves\j\b\i the main plot'.
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1side\j\b\i \Pverb\p to sink to a lower level or the bottom: 'the side of the hill \Isubsided\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the storm of applause \Isubsided\j\b\i' (= abated, quietened down). \Bsubsidence\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-d'nce \Ior\j\b\i \Bsub\j\b\isi-d'nce), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubsidiary\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1sid\j\b\i-ya-ree \Padjective\p of secondary or subordinate importance.
\Bsubsidiary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a subsidiary person or thing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a company which has more than half its shares owned by another company.
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\Hsubsidy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\isi-dee \Pnoun\p any financial assistance given by one government or individual to another. \Bsubsidise\j\b\i, \Bsubsidize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a subsidy to; \Bsubsidisation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i subsi-die-\CX1zay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsubsidiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or group that subsidises.
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\Hsubsist\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1sist\j\b\i \Pverb\p to continue in existence or keep alive: a) 'mammals cannot \Isubsist\j\b\i without water'; b) 'superstition still \Isubsists\j\b\i in our scientific age'.
\Bsubsistence\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or fact of keeping alive: 'what is your means of \Isubsistence\j\b\i?'. b) a means of keeping alive: 'her pension is her \Isubsistence\j\b\i'.
\Bsubsistence farming\j\b\i
farming which provides only enough food for the farming family to live on.
\Bsubsistence level\j\b\i
a standard of living only just sufficient to sustain life.
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\Hsubsoil\h
\Pnoun\p the layer between the soil and bedrock, which has less organic material and is less fertile than soil.
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\Hsubsonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1sonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i moving slower than the speed of sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i below the limits of human hearing.
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\Hsubspecies\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-spee-seez \Ior\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-spee-sheez \Pnoun\p also called a \Brace\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a subdivision of a species, sometimes used in the classification of animals and plants.
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\Hsubstance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) what a thing consists of: 'ice, water and steam are the same \Isubstance\j\b\i in different states'. b) a particular kind of this: 'oil is a greasy \Isubstance\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an object itself, as distinct from its properties.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'skip the details, and give me the \Isubstance\j\b\i of what he said' (= main or essential part).
b) 'broth has almost no \Isubstance\j\b\i to it' (= body).
c) 'her mother is a woman of \Isubstance\j\b\i' (= wealth).
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\Hsubstandard\h
\Padjective\p inadequate or not meeting an established standard: '\Isubstandard\j\b\i housing'.
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\Hsubstantial\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1stan\j\b\i-sh'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or consisting of substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i of considerable size, importance, value or amount: a) 'a \Isubstantial\j\b\i rise in salary'; b) 'we need a more \Isubstantial\j\b\i reason'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhilosophy:\j\b\i of or relating to objects rather than events. \Bsubstantially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsubstantialness\j\b\i, \Bsubstantiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-stanchi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hsubstantiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1stan\j\b\ishi-ate \Pverb\p to provide proof for: 'can you \Isubstantiate\j\b\i your claims?'. \Bsubstantiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubstantive\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1stan\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having an independent existence.
\CX12.\j\b\i essential or basic. \Bsubstantive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (Grammar) a \Pnoun\p; \Bsubstantively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsubstation\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-stay-sh'n \Pnoun\p an auxiliary station, etc., especially one for transforming, distributing or converting electric current in a system.
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\Hsubstitute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\isti-tewt \Pnoun\p a person or thing that acts or stands in place of another.
\Bsubstitute\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to put a person or thing in the place of another: 'if you \Isubstituted\j\b\i red for green curtains the room would look better'. \Bsubstitution\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubstrate\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a) the solid substance to which an animal may be attached, or on which a micro-organism grows. b) the substance on which an enzyme acts.
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\Hsubstratum\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1straht\j\b\ium \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsubstrata\j\b\i
a layer beneath another, such as an underlayer of earth, rock or subsoil.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there is a \Isubstratum\j\b\i of truth in what you say' (= an underlying basis).
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\Hsubstructure\h
\Pnoun\p the foundations, especially of a structure such as a building or bridge. \Bsubstructural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsubsume\h
\Pverb\p to place in a larger group or category.
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\Hsubtenant\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1tenn\j\b\ient \Pnoun\p a person who rents a house, land, etc. from a tenant. \Bsubtenancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsubtend\h
\Pverb\p \IMaths:\j\b\i to be opposite to: 'the chord \Isubtends\j\b\i an arc'.
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\Hsubterfuge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\ita-fewj \Pnoun\p an underhand method used to escape or avoid an awkward situation, etc.
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\Hsubterranean\h
\Isay\j\b\i subta-\CX1ray\j\b\ini-un \Padjective\p underground. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Iterra\j\b\i earth
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\Hsubtitle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a second or alternative title of a book, poem, etc., often serving as an explanation of the first.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of the short sentences shown on the screen during a foreign film to translate the soundtrack. \Bsubtitle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give a subtitle or subtitles to.
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\Hsubtle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sutt\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p fine, slight or delicate, so as to be difficult to detect, etc.: a) '\Isubtle\j\b\i perfume'; b) 'a \Isubtle\j\b\i distinction'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she has a \Isubtle\j\b\i understanding of the problem' (= penetrating, acute).
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is subtle, such as a fine distinction or shade of meaning. \Bsubtleness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsubtly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsubtract\h
\Pverb\p to take away, especially one quantity from another.
the act of subtracting, especially as a problem in arithmetic. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Itractus\j\b\i dragged
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\Hsubtropical\h
\Padjective\p also called \Bsemitropical\j\b\i
of or occurring in the regions near the tropics.
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\Hsuburb\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sub\j\b\i-erb \Pnoun\p a) an area of a city with its own shops and services, but not always a local government division. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the residential areas near or outside the edge of a city.
a) the suburbs. b) the style of life in the suburbs. \Bsuburban\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to a suburb or suburbs, b) conventional or narrow-minded; \Bsuburbanite\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bsub-\j\b\i + Latin \Iurbs\j\b\i city
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\Hsubvention\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1ven\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p an official gift of money to an institution, etc., e.g. by a government.
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\Hsubversive\h
\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1ver\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p tending or intending to weaken, destroy or overthrow: 'a \Isubversive\j\b\i act'. \Bsubversion\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sub-\CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsubvert\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to overthrow or destroy.
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\Hsubway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a passage or tunnel under a road, for use by pedestrians.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i an underground railway.
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\Hsucceed\h
\Isay\j\b\i suk-\CX1seed\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to achieve the desired or intended result.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come after in time, position, etc.: 'who will \Isucceed\j\b\i the king when he dies?'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the achievement of what is attempted, intended or desired: 'did you have \Isuccess\j\b\i with your plan?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has achieved worldwide \Isuccess\j\b\i as an author' (= fame, prosperity).
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that succeeds: 'his birthday party was a great \Isuccess\j\b\i'. \Bsuccessful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having or achieving the desired or intended result, b) having gained wealth, fame or prosperity; \Bsuccessfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isuccedere\j\b\i to go upwards
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\Hsuccession\h
\Isay\j\b\i suk-\CX1sesh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of following in order or a series: 'her \Isuccession\j\b\i to the throne was at a late age'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line or series of people or things: 'a \Isuccession\j\b\i of hereditary kings'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the slow, progressive change in the composition of animals and plants in an area, from the first stages of colonisation towards a stable, self-perpetuating ecological community. \Bsuccessor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that follows another, especially in a position, office, etc.
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\Hsuccessive\h
\Isay\j\b\i suk-\CX1sess\j\b\iiv \Padjective\p following, especially in an uninterrupted order: 'it rained for four \Isuccessive\j\b\i days'. \Bsuccessively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jconsecutive\j\b\i.
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\Hsuccinct\h
\Isay\j\b\i suk-\CX1sinkt\j\b\i \Padjective\p clearly expressed in a few words. \Bsuccinctly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuccinctness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isuccinctus\j\b\i girded up
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\Hsuccour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sukk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p succor help or relief. \Bsuccour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsucculent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1suk\j\b\i-yoo-l'nt \Padjective\p fleshy and full of juice: 'a cactus has \Isucculent\j\b\i stems'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isucculent\j\b\i roast' (= rich, delicious). Latin \Isuccus\j\b\i juice
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\Hsuccumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i suk\CX1kum\j\b\i \Pverb\p to give in or give up: 'do not \Isuccumb\j\b\i to temptation!'.
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\Hsuch\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of this or that kind: 'I haven't read \Isuch\j\b\i an interesting novel for years'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'nuts, dried fruits and all \Isuch\j\b\i foods' (= similar).
b) 'she really is \Isuch\j\b\i a telltale' (= so great or extreme).
\CX12.\j\b\i being as indicated or mentioned already: '\Isuch\j\b\i are the facts of the matter'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas such\j\b\i, 'fame, \Ias such\j\b\i, no longer appeals to him' (= in itself).
\Bsuch and such\j\b\i, 'it was at \Isuch and such\j\b\i a time' (= particular but not indicated).
\Bsuch as\j\b\i, a) 'I love all old houses \Isuch as\j\b\i this one' (= similar to); b) 'do you need anything, \Isuch as\j\b\i fruit or vegetables?' (= for example). \Bsuchlike\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of a similar kind.
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\Hsuck\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to draw up or in: 'the vacuum cleaner \Isucks\j\b\i up dirt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to hold and moisten or absorb in the mouth: 'to \Isuck\j\b\i sweets'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to be disgusting: 'that rock band \Isucks\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsuck in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'don't be \Isucked in\j\b\i by her innocent smile' (= deceived).
\Bsuck up to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he's always \Isucking up to\j\b\i the teacher' (= flattering). \Bsuck\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of sucking.
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\Hsucker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or device that sucks.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sweet for sucking.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who is easily tricked or deceived.
\CX14.\j\b\i a shoot arising from an underground stem or root.
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\Hsucking-pig\h
\Pnoun\p a very young pig, especially one used for roasting.
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\Hsuckle\h
\Pverb\p to cause or allow to take milk at the breast. \Bsuckling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a young mammal which has not been weaned.
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\Hsucrose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-kroze \Pnoun\p also called \Bcane sugar\j\b\i
a crystalline carbohydrate found in sugar cane, sugar beet, etc. and used as a sweetener, preservative, etc.
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\Hsuction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1suk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or force of sucking.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the process of removing, or attempting to remove, gas from an enclosed space.
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\Hsuction pump\h
a pump for raising water, etc. by suction, consisting of a piston working in a cylinder with valves to control the pressure.
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\Hsudden\h
\Padjective\p done or occurring quickly and usually unexpectedly: 'a \Isudden\j\b\i storm'. \Bsuddenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuddenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i soo \Pverb\p to bring legal action against.
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\Hsuede\h
\Isay\j\b\i swade \Pnoun\p a leather with a soft surface, made from skins with the flesh side napped.
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\Hsuet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-it \Pnoun\p the fat from the kidneys and loin of sheep and cattle, often used in boiled or baked puddings.
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\Hsuffer\h
\Pverb\p to feel bad or unpleasant effects: a) 'he's \Isuffering\j\b\i from a cold'; b) 'the country \Isuffered\j\b\i from bad government'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the family has \Isuffered\j\b\i great hardship' (= experienced).
b) 'I will not \Isuffer\j\b\i such foolishness' (= tolerate, put up with). \Bsufferer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who suffers; \Bsufferable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsufferably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuffering\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsufferance\h
\Pnoun\p the ability to bear pain, distress, etc.
\Bunder\j\b\i, \Bon sufferance\j\b\i, 'he is only here \Iunder sufferance\j\b\i' (= reluctantly tolerated).
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\Hsuffice\h
\Pverb\p to be enough or adequate for: 'this meat won't \Isuffice\j\b\i for six of us'.
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\Hsufficient\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1fish\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p as much as is needed: 'do you have \Isufficient\j\b\i time to catch the train?'. \Bsufficiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsufficiency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sufficient supply or amount.
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\Hsuffix\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jaffix\j\b\i.
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\Hsuffocate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1suff\j\b\ia-kate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to die or cause to die due to insufficient oxygen.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause discomfort or difficulty in breathing due to lack of fresh air. \Bsuffocation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsuffocatingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsuffragan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1suff\j\b\ira-g'n \Pnoun\p an assistant bishop.
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\Hsuffrage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1suff\j\b\irij \Pnoun\p a) a vote. b) the right to vote in political elections.
a woman who fought for suffrage for women, especially in the first part of the 20th century. \Bsuffragist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person in favour of extending the right to vote.
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\Hsuffuse\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1fewce\j\b\i \Pverb\p to spread over the surface of: 'a blush \Isuffused\j\b\i his cheeks'. \Bsuffusion\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsugar\h
\Pnoun\p a granular substance obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet. \Bsugar\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to add, coat or mix with sugar; \Bsugary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) containing or resembling sugar, b) pleasant to an excessive degree. Arabic \Isukkar\j\b\i
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\Hsugar beet\h
a variety of beet with white roots.
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\Hsugar cane\h
a tall tropical grass with thick, segmented stems.
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\Hsugar daddy\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a wealthy, older man who gives money or gifts to a young woman.
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\Hsuggest\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1jest\j\b\i \Pverb\p to offer or put forward to be considered or acted upon: 'let me \Isuggest\j\b\i a better method'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this painting \Isuggests\j\b\i many things to me' (= calls to mind).
b) 'are you \Isuggesting\j\b\i I'm a liar?' (= saying).
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of suggesting. b) something which is suggested: 'that's a stupid \Isuggestion\j\b\i!'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there was just a \Isuggestion\j\b\i of mockery in her laugh' (= slight trace).
\CX12.\j\b\i the process by which one thought, action, etc. leads to or is associated with another.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i the process of getting others to accept one's belief or ideas without using force. \Bsuggestive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, tending to suggest, especially something indecent; \Bsuggestively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuggestiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsuggestible\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, easily influenced by suggestion. Latin \Isuggestus\j\b\i supplied
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\Hsuicide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-a-side \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of deliberately killing oneself: 'to commit \Isuicide\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it's \Isuicide\j\b\i to invest all your money in that company' (= ruin inflicted on oneself).
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who deliberately kills himself or herself. \Bsuicidal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or likely to commit or lead to suicide, b) dangerously foolish; \Bsuicidally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Isui\j\b\i of oneself + \Icaedere\j\b\i to kill
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\Hsuit\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i boot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a set of clothes worn together, such as a skirt or trousers with a matching jacket, usually of the same colour or material. b) an outfit for a particular purpose: 'a bathing \Isuit\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i any of the four sets (clubs, diamonds, hearts or spades) of 13 cards which make up a pack.
\CX13.\j\b\i any legal action taken by one person against another in a court.
\CX14.\j\b\i the act of wooing.
\Bfollow suit\j\b\i, a) (\ICards\j\b\i) to play a card of the same suit as one led; b) to follow an example.
\Bsuit\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to be acceptable, appropriate or adequate to: 'I hope this room will \Isuit\j\b\i you'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you must \Isuit\j\b\i your clothes to the occasion' (= make suitable).
\Bsuit oneself\j\b\i, 'he \Isuits himself\j\b\i about what food he eats' (= does as he chooses).
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\Hsuitable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p correct, adequate or pleasing for a particular event, situation, etc.: a) 'I'm afraid your qualifications are not \Isuitable\j\b\i for the job'; b) those jeans are not \Isuitable\j\b\i for work'. \Bsuitably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuitability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i soota-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Bsuitableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hsuitcase\h
\Pnoun\p a bag with a stiffened frame, or of rigid material such as leather, for carrying clothes, etc. when travelling.
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\Hsuite\h
\Isay\j\b\i sweet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of connected or related things forming a set or series: a) 'an opera \Isuite\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Isuite\j\b\i of hotel rooms'; c) 'a furniture \Isuite\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a group of attendants or followers.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a group of software products that complement or add to each other in some way.
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\Hsuitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a) a man wooing a woman.
b) a person who is wooing another person or organisation.
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\Hsukiyaki\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-kee-\CX1yar\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a Japanese dish in which meat and vegetables are simmered in soya sauce and sake.
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\Hsulfur\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sul\j\b\ifa \Pnoun\p sulphur element number 16, a yellow non-metal forming allotropes. It is essential for living tissue and is used in making gunpowder, matches, sulfuric acid and for vulcanising rubber. \Bsulfurise\j\b\i, \Bsulfurize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to treat or combine with sulfur; \Bsulfurous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of or containing sulfur, b) fiery; \Bsulfuric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sul-\CX1few\j\b\i-rik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or containing sulfur.
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\Hsulfur dioxide\h
a colourless, suffocating gas (formula SO\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i), used in various industrial processes.
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\Hsulfuric acid\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, oily liquid (formula H\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iSO\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i), which is an acid of sulfur and is used in many industrial processes.
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\Hsulk\h
\Pverb\p to be silent in a gloomy or resentful manner. \Bsulk\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) (usually plural) a fit of sulking, b) a person who sulks.
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\Hsulky\h
\Padjective\p resentfully silent or angry.
\Bsulky\j\b\i, \Bsulkie\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a two-wheeled carriage for one person and pulled by one horse, as in trotting races. b) a gig.
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\Hsullen\h
\Padjective\p sulky, especially in a persistent or unpleasant manner. \Bsullenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsullenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsully\h
\Pverb\p to stain, spoil or make dirty.
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\Hsulpha drugs\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sul\j\b\ifa drugs a group of drugs used against bacterial diseases, infections, etc.
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\Hsulphate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sul\j\b\i-fate \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the bivalent (SO\Ksubscript\k\I4\j\b\i){\up6 2-\j\b\i ion.
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\Hsulphide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sul\j\b\i-fide \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any compound containing the bivalent S{\up6 2-\j\b\i ion.
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\Hsulphur\h
See \Jsulfur\j\b\i.
#
\Hsultan\h
\Pnoun\p the ruler of a Moslem city or country. \Bsultanate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a country or state ruled by a sultan.
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\Hsultana\h
\Isay\j\b\i sul-\CX1tah\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small, sweet, seedless grape. b) the raisin made from it.
\CX12.\j\b\i the wife, concubine or close female relative of a sultan.
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\Hsultry\h
\Padjective\p hot, moist and oppressive: 'a \Isultry\j\b\i tropical climate'.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount obtained by adding: 'what is the \Isum\j\b\i of 7 and 13?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she inherited a huge \Isum\j\b\i from her father' (= amount of money).
b) 'and is that the \Isum\j\b\i of your complaints?' (= whole amount or number).
c) 'give the court a \Isum\j\b\i of the charges' (= summary).
\CX12.\j\b\i a simple arithmetical problem of addition, division, multiplication, etc.
\Bsum\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bsummed\j\b\i, \Bsumming\j\b\i)
to add together.
\Bsum up\j\b\i, a) to make or give a summary of; b) 'it is difficult to \Isum up\j\b\i such a temperamental person' (= assess, describe).
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\Hsumac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-mak \Pnoun\p sumach \CX11.\j\b\i any of a family of trees, shrubs and woody vines, the leaves of which are poisonous to the touch.
\CX12.\j\b\i the dried and powdered leaves and flowers of certain sumacs used as dyes, for tanning, etc.
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\Hsummary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1summ\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a short statement of important points or details. \Bsummary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) concise or brief, b) quick; \Bsummarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsummarise\j\b\i, \Bsummarize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to be or make a summary of; \Bsummariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsummation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sum-\CX1may\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a summary, especially as a concluding statement.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of adding.
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\Hsummer\h
\Pnoun\p the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a young woman of 20 \Isummers\j\b\i' (= years). \Bsummery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, like or suitable for summer; \Bsummer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to spend the summer.
#
\Hsummerhouse\h
\Pnoun\p a simple building providing shade in a garden or park.
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\Hsummer school\h
a course of teaching or lectures held at a university or school during the summer holidays.
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\Hsummer time\h
See \Jdaylight-saving\j\b\i.
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\Hsummit\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the highest point or top: 'the \Isummit\j\b\i of a hill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a meeting between leaders, especially from powerful countries.
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\Hsummon\h
\Pverb\p to send for or ask to appear: 'Sir Richard \Isummoned\j\b\i the cook'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you must \Isummon\j\b\i all your courage' (= gather together).
b) 'the garrison was \Isummoned\j\b\i to surrender' (= called upon).
#
\Hsummons\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bsummonses\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i an order or notice to appear in court.
\CX12.\j\b\i any call or command. \Bsummons\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to issue or present with a summons.
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\Hsumo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-mo \Pnoun\p a type of Japanese wrestling.
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\Hsump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a metal pan fastened to the underside of an engine crankcase, usually forming a reservoir for lubricating oil.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pit or well in which water collects, especially at the bottom of a mine shaft.
#
\Hsumptuary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sump\j\b\i-tewa-ree \Padjective\p relating to expense or spending.
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\Hsumptuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sump\j\b\i-tewus \Padjective\p suggesting or involving great expense: 'a \Isumptuous\j\b\i meal at the best restaurant'. \Bsumptuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsumptuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsun\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the star around which the earth and the other eight planets of the solar system revolve.
\CX12.\j\b\i the energy, especially heat and light, radiated by the sun: 'go out and play in the \Isun\j\b\i'.
\Bunder the sun\j\b\i, 'the richest person \Iunder the sun\j\b\i' (= anywhere). \Bsun\j\b\i (\Bsunned\j\b\i, \Bsunning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to expose to the sun, especially in order to warm, dry or colour; \Bsunny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of sunlight, b) cheerful; \Bsunnily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsunniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsunbake\h
\Pverb\p also called to \Bsunbathe\j\b\i
to expose the body to the sun's rays, especially in order to acquire a suntan. \Bsunbaker\j\b\i, \Bsunbather\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hsunbeam\h
\Pnoun\p a ray of sunlight.
#
\Hsunburn\h
\Pnoun\p a reddening or blistering of the skin due to too much exposure to the sun's rays. \Bsunburnt\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsundae\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sun\j\b\iday \Pnoun\p a serving of ice-cream with fruit and sauce, often topped with chopped nuts and whipped cream.
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\HSunday\h
\Pnoun\p the first day of the week, the Christian Sabbath.
\Ba month of Sundays\j\b\i, 'I have not seen her in \Ia month of Sundays\j\b\i' (= a very long time).
\BSunday school\j\b\i
\IChristian:\j\b\i a class for religious instruction held on a Sunday.
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\HSunday best\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person's best clothes.
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\Hsundeck\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i See \Jsunroof\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a passenger ship's top deck.
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\Hsunder\h
\Pverb\p to part or separate.
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\Hsundial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sun\j\b\i-dile \Pnoun\p an instrument with a flat base and upright rod which indicates the time by the position of the shadow cast by the rod upon the base.
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\Hsundown\h
\Pnoun\p sunset.
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\Hsundowner\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i a swagman who arrived at a place at sunset so that he could, by long-established tradition, ask for food and shelter but would not have to work in exchange.
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\Hsundry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sun\j\b\i-dree \Padjective\p various or miscellaneous.
\Ball and sundry\j\b\i, everybody.
\Bsundry\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) various small items.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICricket:\j\b\i any run gained by the batting side other than by hitting the ball, as by a wide, bye, etc. Also called an \Bextra\j\b\i.
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\Hsunflower\h
\Pnoun\p a tall garden plant having large, yellow daisy-like flowers with blackish-brown centres. The seeds are used as a source of oil.
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\Hsung\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsing\j\b\i.
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\Hsunglasses\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of spectacles with tinted lenses, worn to protect the eyes from the glare and invisible rays of the sun.
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\Hsunk\h
\Pverb\p a past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsink\j\b\i.
#
\Hsunken\h
\Padjective\p lying below the surface of the ground, etc.: 'a \Isunken\j\b\i bath'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Isunken\j\b\i cheeks told of the weeks of starvation' (= deeply recessed).
\Bsunken\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsink\j\b\i.
#
\Hsunlamp\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an appliance which gives off ultraviolet rays to produce an artificial suntan or for skin treatment.
\CX12.\j\b\i very bright light with parabolic mirrors, used in making films.
#
\Hsunny\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsun\j\b\i.
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\Hsunray\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) ultraviolet rays, as produced by a sunlamp.
#
\Hsunrise\h
\Pnoun\p a) the rising of the sun above the horizon in the morning. b) the time at which this occurs.
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\Hsunrise\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i being of advanced technology.
#
\Hsunroof\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a section in the roof of a motor vehicle, which may be opened to allow the sun and fresh air to enter.
\CX12.\j\b\i a raised platform or similar area, attached to a house and used for sunbathing. Also called a \Bsundeck\j\b\i.
#
\Hsunscreen\h
\Pnoun\p Also called \Bblockout\j\b\i
a protective cream applied to shield the skin from the harmful rays of the sun.
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\Hsunset\h
\Pnoun\p a) the passing of the sun below the horizon in the evening. b) the time at which this occurs.
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\Hsunset\h
\Padjective\p \IComputers:\j\b\i being of low technology.
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\Hsunshade\h
\Pnoun\p something used as protection from the sun's rays, such as a parasol, blind, etc.
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\Hsunshine\h
\Pnoun\p the direct light or brightness of the sun.
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\Hsunspot\h
\Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i any dark patch on the surface of the sun, usually associated with turbulent motion such as magnetic storms.
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\Hsunstroke\h
\Pnoun\p heatstroke.
#
\Hsunsuit\h
\Pnoun\p a light piece of woman's and children's clothing, such as shorts or a skirt with a top, often in one piece.
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\Hsuntan\h
\Pnoun\p a brownness of the skin achieved by exposure to the sun's rays.
#
\Hsun-up\h
\Pnoun\p sunrise.
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\Hsup (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsupped\j\b\i, \Bsupping\j\b\i)
an old word meaning to entertain with, or eat, supper.
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\Hsup (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bsupped\j\b\i, \Bsupping\j\b\i)
to eat or drink in sips or small mouthfuls.
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\Hsuper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\iper \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) extremely pleasing or excellent.
\Bsuper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a superintendent. b) superannuation.
\CX12.\j\b\i superphosphate fertiliser.
\CX13.\j\b\i premium grade petrol, about 96 octane.
#
\Hsuper-\h
a prefix indicating: a) position above or outside, as in \Isuperstructure\j\b\i; b) superiority in size or quality, as in \Isuperpower\j\b\i; c) an extreme or greater than usual degree, as in \Isupercharge\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hsuperable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\ipra-b'l \Padjective\p able to be overcome: 'a \Isuperable\j\b\i risk'.
#
\Hsuperabundance\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-a-\CX1bun\j\b\i-d'nce \Pnoun\p an amount which is more than enough or too great. \Bsuperabundant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsuperabound\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperannuation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-an-yoo-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a pension or allowance paid to an employee after retirement, usually one towards which he or she has contributed. \Bsuperannuate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1an\j\b\i-yoo-ate), \Iverb\j\b\i, to allow an employee to retire and receive superannuation; \Bsuperannuant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who has received superannuation.
\Pverb\p to fill or supply with a large amount of something.
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\Hsupercharger\h
\Pnoun\p a device which supplies the air-fuel mixture under pressure to an internal combustion engine in order to increase its performance.
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\Hsupercilious\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1sill\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p disdainful or contemptuous: 'the \Isupercilious\j\b\i snob'. \Bsuperciliously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuperciliousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsupercomputer\h
\Pnoun\p one of a class of extremely powerful computers which can perform advanced calculations requiring high processing speeds and extensive storage capacity.
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\Hsuperconductivity\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the property of zero electrical resistance which appears abruptly in some metals at specific temperatures near absolute zero, put to use in computer memory storage, particle accelerators, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a phenomenon observed at temperatures near absolute zero, at which electric current appears to flow without resistance.
#
\Hsupercool\h
\Pverb\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i to cool a liquid, by careful control of pressure, etc., below its freezing point without it becoming solid. Compare \Jsuperheat\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuper-duper\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very good, fine, pleasing, etc.
#
\Hsuperego\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1ee\j\b\igo \Pnoun\p \IPsychology:\j\b\i that part of the personality which absorbs the moral codes of society, similar to the conscience.
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\Hsupererogation\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-erra-\CX1gay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i the doing of more than is required by duty or obligation: 'works of \Isupererogation\j\b\i'. \Bsuper\j\b\i- + Latin \Ierogare\j\b\i to pay out
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\Hsuperficial\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1fish\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p of or on the surface: 'the cut was only \Isuperficial\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my understanding of physics is very \Isuperficial\j\b\i' (= not deep or thorough). \Bsuperficiality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-fishi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsuperficially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1floo\j\b\i-id \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a fluid which flows without friction and has a very high thermal conductivity. \Bsuperfluidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-floo-\CX1idd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperfluous\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1per\j\b\ifloo-us \Padjective\p more than is needed: 'as I have one car another would be \Isuperfluous\j\b\i'. \Bsuperfluously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuperfluousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsuperfluity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1floo\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the fact of being superfluous, b) the amount by which something is superfluous. Latin \Isuperfluus\j\b\i overflowing
#
\Hsuperheat\h
\Pverb\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i to heat to a temperature higher than normal. \IExample:\j\b\i steam is produced by boiling water at 100░C, but it can be superheated to any desired temperature above this. Compare \Jsupercool\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperhuman\h
\Padjective\p exceeding ordinary human power, achievement, etc.: 'we needed a \Isuperhuman\j\b\i effort to finish the job in time'.
#
\Hsuperimpose\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-im\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to put on top of something else: 'a map of Tasmania was \Isuperimposed\j\b\i on the map of Queensland to show their relative sizes'. \Bsuperimposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-impa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperintend\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-in\CX1tend\j\b\i \Pverb\p to supervise.
\Bsuperintendent\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a supervisor.
\CX12.\j\b\i a police officer above the rank of inspector. \Bsuperintendence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperior\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1peer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i high or higher in order, degree, rank, etc.: 'he is my \Isuperior\j\b\i at work'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the enemy defeated us with \Isuperior\j\b\i numbers' (= greater).
b) 'he gave a \Isuperior\j\b\i smile' (= supercilious).
\CX12.\j\b\i of a high quality: 'a \Isuperior\j\b\i product'.
\CX13.\j\b\i situated above or on top: 'the 2 in 10{\up6 2\j\b\i is a \Isuperior\j\b\i number'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i of or relating to planets in our solar system which are further from the sun than the earth. \Bsuperior\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that is superior; \Bsuperiority\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i soo-peeri-\CX1orr\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperiority complex\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) an exaggerated idea of one's own worth.
#
\Hsuperlative\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1per\j\b\ila-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of the highest degree or quality: 'Geoffrey's job called for \Isuperlative\j\b\i skill'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jdegree\j\b\i.
\Bsuperlative\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a word in the superlative degree.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the critics greeted the film with a fanfare of \Isuperlatives\j\b\i' (= extreme or exaggerated expressions).
#
\Hsuperman\h
\Pnoun\p a man of more than ordinary human powers.
#
\Hsupermarket\h
\Pnoun\p a large, self-service shop selling food and other domestic goods.
#
\Hsupernatural\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1natch\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not belonging to the natural world: 'ghosts are \Isupernatural\j\b\i beings'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) greater than what is normal or usual: 'she has a \Isupernatural\j\b\i ability to remember things'. \Bsupernaturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsupernatural\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, supernatural beings, forces, etc.
#
\Hsupernova\h
\Pnoun\p an exploding star which, at maximum, may emit light equivalent to that of 300 million suns. a misleading term, as it has no relation to a \Inova\j\b\i
#
\Hsupernumerary\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1new\j\b\imera-ree \Padjective\p in excess of or additional to the usual number. \Bsupernumerary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an extra person or thing.
#
\Hsuperphosphate\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1fos\j\b\ifate \Pnoun\p a widely used artificial fertiliser prepared by treating rock phosphate or guano with sulfuric acid.
#
\Hsuperpower\h
\Pnoun\p an extremely powerful and influential country.
#
\Hsupersaturated\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1satch\j\b\ia-raytid \Padjective\p (of a solution) abnormally saturated.
#
\Hsupersede\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-seed \Pverb\p to replace in power, authority, effectiveness, etc.: 'the new law \Isupersedes\j\b\i the previous legislation on this subject'. Latin \Isupersedere\j\b\i sit above
#
\Hsuperset\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jset\j\b\i.
#
\Hsupersonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1sonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i moving or capable of moving faster than the speed of sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i waves and vibrations having frequencies above the limit of human hearing.
#
\Hsuperstition\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1stish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an irrational fear of mysterious or unknown things.
\CX12.\j\b\i a belief or practice based on faith in magic or chance.
\Bsuperstitious\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i of, like or resulting from superstition.
\CX12.\j\b\i believing in superstition. \Bsuperstitiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuperstitiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperstructure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\iper-strukcher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the parts of a structure which rest on the foundations, especially if above ground level.
\CX12.\j\b\i any structure built on something else, such as the parts of a ship above the deck.
#
\Hsupertanker\h
\Pnoun\p a modern, very large ship built with tanks for transporting liquid goods such as oil.
#
\Hsupervene\h
\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1veen\j\b\i \Pverb\p to come or follow as a change or interruption: 'rain \Isupervened\j\b\i and the picnic was postponed'. \Bsupervention\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1ven\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsupervise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\iper-vize \Pverb\p to direct or manage work, workers, etc. \Bsupervisor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supervises; \Bsupervisory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsupervision\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sooper-\CX1vi\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hsuperwoman\h
\Pnoun\p a woman of more than ordinary human powers.
#
\Hsupine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1syoo\j\b\i-pine \Ior\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-pine \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lying flat on the back.
\CX12.\j\b\i lazy or inactive. \Bsupinely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hsupper\h
\Pnoun\p a) a late-night snack. b) the main evening meal.
#
\Hsupplant\h
\Isay\j\b\i sup-\CX1plahnt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to replace, especially by strategy, etc.: 'the dictator was \Isupplanted\j\b\i by an elected government'.
#
\Hsupple\h
\Padjective\p easily bent or bending: 'the gymnast had \Isupple\j\b\i limbs'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she has a \Isupple\j\b\i mind' (= adaptable, quick).
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\Hsupplement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1supp\j\b\ili-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something added to improve or complete: 'a \Isupplement\j\b\i of technical terms at the back of the book'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an extra part of a newspaper, etc.: 'a literary \Isupplement\j\b\i'.
\Bsupplement\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to complete or add to: 'she must \Isupplement\j\b\i her income by working on Saturdays'. \Bsupplementary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsupplementation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsuppliant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1supp\j\b\ili-ant \Pnoun\p a person who asks for something humbly.
\Bsuppliant\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
asking humbly.
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\Hsupplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1supp\j\b\ili-kate \Pverb\p to ask or entreat humbly and earnestly. \Bsupplicant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who supplicates; \Bsupplicatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i suppli-\CX1kay\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsupplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
to give or make available: 'the chickens \Isupply\j\b\i us with all the eggs we need'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we still want you to \Isupply\j\b\i our need for meat' (= satisfy).
\Bsupply\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of supplying. b) an amount that is supplied: 'we'll have a fresh \Isupply\j\b\i of caviar tomorrow'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any stores, such as materials used by the armed forces.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i the quantity of goods and services available to consumers.
\CX14.\j\b\i a grant made by parliament for government expenses. \Bsupplier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that supplies.
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\Hsupport\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to hold up or add strength to: a) 'tall columns \Isupported\j\b\i the roof'; b) '\Isupport\j\b\i your theory with evidence'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Isupports\j\b\i the socialist party' (= gives loyalty, belief or aid to).
b) 'she \Isupports\j\b\i two children, a cat and a dog' (= provides for).
c) 'I can't \Isupport\j\b\i bad language' (= tolerate).
\CX12.\j\b\i to have a secondary role to: 'the film was \Isupported\j\b\i by some cartoons'.
\Bsupport\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of supporting: 'can I rely on your \Isupport\j\b\i?'. b) the state of being supported.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that supports: a) 'she's the main \Isupport\j\b\i of her family'; b) 'the \Isupports\j\b\i of the bridge collapsed'.
\Bsupporter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that supports, such as a person who favours and encourages a football team, etc. \Bsupportable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Isupportare\j\b\i to carry up to
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\Hsuppose\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1poze\j\b\i \Pverb\p to take as a fact or likelihood: 'I \Isuppose\j\b\i his advice is sensible'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'am I \Isupposed\j\b\i to clean up?' (= meant).
b) 'a belief in flying saucers \Isupposes\j\b\i the existence of life on other planets' (= implies).
\Bsupposed\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
accepted as probable: 'this is the \Isupposed\j\b\i site of an ancient city'.
a) the act of supposing. b) something guessed or supposed. \Bsupposing\j\b\i, \Iconjunction\j\b\i, in the case that; \Bsupposedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsuppository\h
\Isay\j\b\i sup-\CX1pozz\j\b\ii-tree \Pnoun\p a solid mass of medicine inserted into the rectum or vagina where it dissolves.
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\Hsuppress\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to end or abolish: a) 'the army \Isuppressed\j\b\i the rebellion'; b) 'the slave trade was \Isuppressed\j\b\i by parliament'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to prevent something being seen, known, etc.: 'the government \Isuppressed\j\b\i news of the scandal'. \Bsuppressive\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsuppression\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sup-\CX1presh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsuppressor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that suppresses. Latin \Isuppressus\j\b\i pressed down
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\Hsuppurate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sup\j\b\i-yoo-rate \Pverb\p to form or discharge pus. \Bsuppuration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsupremacist\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1premm\j\b\ia-sist \Pnoun\p suprematist a person who believes that his or her own race or group is superior or supreme. \Bsuprematism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsupreme\h
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1preem\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of highest rank or authority: 'the dictator had \Isupreme\j\b\i power'.
\CX12.\j\b\i utmost or greatest: 'I have \Isupreme\j\b\i confidence in you'.
\Isay\j\b\i soo-\CX1pree\j\b\imo \Pnoun\p a person with supreme power.
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\Hsurcharge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an extra charge.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mark overprinted on a postage stamp showing a new value. \Bsurcharge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsurd\h
\Pnoun\p a quantity not capable of being expressed as a rational number, such as {\f14684 =\j\b\i3.
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\Hsure\h
\Isay\j\b\i shore \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i convinced or free from doubt: 'are you \Isure\j\b\i of your facts?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she is \Isure\j\b\i to be late' (= bound).
b) 'be \Isure\j\b\i to lock the door' (= careful).
\CX12.\j\b\i solid, tested or reliable: a) '\Isure\j\b\i ground'; b) 'is there a \Isure\j\b\i cure for a hangover?'.
\Bsure\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) really or undoubtedly: 'you \Isure\j\b\i were lucky'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake sure\j\b\i, to guarantee or make certain.
\Bsure enough\j\b\i, 'I said you'd win, and \Isure enough\j\b\i you did' (= in fact).
\Bsurely\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
almost without doubt: 'it will \Isurely\j\b\i rain tomorrow'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he worked slowly but \Isurely\j\b\i' (= steadily).
b) '\Isurely\j\b\i you wouldn't do that!' (= I fervently hope or believe). \Bsureness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsure-footed\h
\Padjective\p not likely to slip or stumble.
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\Hsurety\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1shoo\j\b\ira-tee \Pnoun\p a person who agrees to be responsible for someone else's debts or behaviour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we need a \Isurety\j\b\i of your good faith' (= pledge, guarantee).
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\Hsurf\h
\Pnoun\p the waves, especially large ones, which break into foamy water on the shore. \Bsurf\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to bathe in or ride on surf; \Bsurfer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsurface\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-fis \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the outside or outer boundary of something: a) 'most glass has a smooth \Isurface\j\b\i'; b) 'a cube has six \Isurfaces\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the top level: 'the ship sank beneath the sea's \Isurface\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'beneath the \Isurface\j\b\i he's a nice chap' (= outward appearance).
\Bsurface\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to rise to the surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i to give a surface to: 'the road was \Isurfaced\j\b\i with tar'.
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\Hsurface mail\h
the carrying of post by land or sea. Compare \Jair mail\j\b\i.
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\Hsurface tension\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the tendency of a liquid surface to contract due to unbalanced molecular forces at or near the surface.
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\Hsurfboard\h
\Pnoun\p a narrow board on which a person balances to ride to shore on the crest of a wave.
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\Hsurfboat\h
\Pnoun\p a rowing boat with high ends, suitable for use in surf.
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\Hsurfeit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-fit \Pnoun\p a) too much of something. b) nausea or disgust due to having had too much. \Bsurfeit\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsurfie\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who rides on surf with a surfboard, especially one whose main interest is surfing.
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\Hsurfing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the sport of swimming in or riding a surfboard on surf.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i): the use of the Internet for exploration or entertainment, especially when no specific purpose is being served. Also called \Bnet surfing\j\b\i.
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\Hsurge\h
\Isay\j\b\i sirj \Pverb\p to rush or swell strongly like rolling waves.
\Bsurge\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an onrush or strong forward or upward movement.
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\Hsurgeon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-j'n \Pnoun\p a doctor who performs operations.
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\Hsurgery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\ija-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the art of treating diseases, injuries, etc. by operations, appliances, etc. b) the branch of medicine using this treatment. c) any operation done by a surgeon.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the room or building in which a doctor, dentist, etc. treats patients. b) the hours during which treatment is available. \Bsurgical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsurgically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsurly\h
\Padjective\p rude, bad-tempered or unfriendly. \Bsurlily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsurliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsurmise\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1mize\j\b\i \Pverb\p to guess. \Bsurmise\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsurmount\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1mount\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to get over, across or on top of: 'it was difficult to \Isurmount\j\b\i the obstacle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or have on top: 'a steeple \Isurmounted\j\b\i the tower'. \Bsurmountable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsurname\h
\Pnoun\p the name of one's family.
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\Hsurpass\h
\Pverb\p to be better or greater than: 'your new book \Isurpasses\j\b\i all your earlier ones'.
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\Hsurplice\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-plis \Pnoun\p a loose white linen robe with wide sleeves, as is worn by clergy during religious services.
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\Hsurplus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-plus \Pnoun\p that which is left above what is used or needed: 'the good harvest resulted in a \Isurplus\j\b\i of grain'.
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\Hsurprise\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1prize\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a) something sudden or unexpected: 'what a pleasant \Isurprise\j\b\i to see you again'. b) the feeling of shock or wonder caused by this: 'he almost fainted with \Isurprise\j\b\i'.
\Btake by surprise\j\b\i, 'your early arrival \Itook\j\b\i us \Iby surprise\j\b\i' (= caught unprepared).
\Bsurprise\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to give a feeling of surprise to: 'her unkind remark \Isurprised\j\b\i me'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to face or come upon suddenly and without warning: 'I \Isurprised\j\b\i him in the act of stealing fruit'. \Bsurprisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsurrealism\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1reel\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p a 20th-century movement in art and literature seeking to reveal the inner world of fantasy and dreams by using distorted images. \Bsurrealist\j\b\i, \Bsurreal\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bsurrealist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsurrealistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsurrender\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1ren\j\b\ida \Pverb\p to deliver up to the control or power of someone or something else: a) 'the criminals refused to \Isurrender\j\b\i themselves to the police'; b) 'don't \Isurrender\j\b\i to despair'. \Bsurrender\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsurreptitious\h
\Isay\j\b\i surrep-\CX1tish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p secret or stealthy: 'she stole a \Isurreptitious\j\b\i glance at him'. \Bsurreptitiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsurreptitiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Isurreptitius\j\b\i snatched away secretly
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\Hsurrogacy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1surra\j\b\i-g'see \Pnoun\p the role of being a substitute mother, usually by giving birth to a child on behalf of another woman.
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\Hsurrogate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1surr\j\b\ia-git \Pnoun\p a) a substitute. b) a deputy.
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\Hsurround\h
\Pverb\p to enclose or extend completely around: a) 'the house is \Isurrounded\j\b\i by trees'; b) 'we \Isurrounded\j\b\i the escaped lion'.
\Bsurroundings\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
everything around and about a person, thing or place: 'where can I see lions in their natural \Isurroundings\j\b\i?'.
\Bsurround\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a border that surrounds.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) surroundings.
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\Hsurtax\h
\Pnoun\p an additional tax, especially one on any personal income which exceeds a specified amount.
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\Hsurtitle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sir\j\b\i-tie-t'l \Pnoun\p any of the short sentences shown on a screen during an opera performance to translate and summarise the story of the opera.
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\Hsurveillance\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nce \Pnoun\p a close watch or guard.
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\Hsurvey\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1vay\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to take an overall view: 'you can \Isurvey\j\b\i the whole town from this lookout'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to collect sample opinions, etc. in order to estimate the general situation.
\CX13.\j\b\i to plot or measure boundaries, positions, etc. on land.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a general view or examination: 'a \Isurvey\j\b\i of public opinion'. b) a record or report of this.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the act of surveying land. b) a map or record of this. \Bsurveyor\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1vay\j\b\ia), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who examines or surveys.
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\Hsurvive\h
\Isay\j\b\i sir-\CX1vive\j\b\i \Pverb\p to continue to live or exist after something: 'everyone \Isurvived\j\b\i the earthquake'. \Bsurvivor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that survives; \Bsurvival\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of surviving.
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\Hsusceptible\h
\Isay\j\b\i sa-\CX1sep\j\b\iti-b'l \Padjective\p likely to experience or be affected by: 'the old lady was highly \Isusceptible\j\b\i to rheumatism'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the capacity or tendency to be affected by: 'his \Isusceptibility\j\b\i to flattery is obvious'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a person's sensitive feelings. \Bsusceptibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsushi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\ishe \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a Japanese dish in the form of bite-sized rolls each consisting of slice of fish or vegetable surrounded by vinegar-flavoured rice and held together in a thin wrapping of seaweed.
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\Hsuspect\h
\Isay\j\b\i sus-\CX1pekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to think something likely or possible: 'I \Isuspect\j\b\i it will rain soon'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to consider guilty without actual or adequate proof: 'I \Isuspect\j\b\i her of arson'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Isuspect\j\b\i his motives' (= doubt, distrust).
a person suspected of being guilty. \Bsuspect\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sus\j\b\i-pekt), \Iadjective\j\b\i, open to suspicion.
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\Hsuspend\h
\Pverb\p to attach from above: 'the light bulb was \Isuspended\j\b\i from the ceiling'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'dust was \Isuspended\j\b\i in the hot, still air' (= held stationary).
b) 'you may \Isuspend\j\b\i payment for a month' (= defer, postpone).
c) 'the football player was \Isuspended\j\b\i for three matches' (= debarred).
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\Hsuspended animation\h
a dormant trance-like state.
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\Hsuspended sentence\h
a sentence of imprisonment not implemented provided the offender is of good behaviour over a specified period.
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\Hsuspender\h
\Pnoun\p something that suspends, such as a strip of elastic with a fastener for holding up stockings.
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\Hsuspense\h
\Pnoun\p a state of anxious uncertainty: 'the film kept us in \Isuspense\j\b\i about the murderer's identity'. \Bsuspenseful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsuspension\h
\Isay\j\b\i sus-\CX1pen\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of suspending: 'the tribunal's \Isuspension\j\b\i of our best player is disastrous'. b) the state of being suspended: 'he is under \Isuspension\j\b\i from school'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the springs, shock absorbers, etc., connecting the wheels or axles of a vehicle to the chassis or body.
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\Hsuspension bridge\h
a bridge hung from steel cables, supported by towers and anchored at both ends.
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\Hsuspicion\h
\Isay\j\b\i sus-\CX1pish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a feeling that something is likely or possible: 'I had a \Isuspicion\j\b\i you'd be late'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she was arrested on \Isuspicion\j\b\i' (= suspected guilt).
b) 'I have \Isuspicions\j\b\i about your motives' (= doubts, distrusts).
c) 'there was a \Isuspicion\j\b\i of garlic in the soup' (= suggestion or slight taste). \Bsuspicious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, feeling or causing suspicion; \Bsuspiciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsuspiciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsustain\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to support or bear the weight of: 'will this chair \Isustain\j\b\i my weight?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it's hard to \Isustain\j\b\i a conversation with her' (= maintain).
b) 'the court \Isustained\j\b\i my claim' (= upheld).
\CX12.\j\b\i to maintain or nourish the physical, emotional or spiritual well-being of: 'prayer can often \Isustain\j\b\i those who are religious'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to suffer or undergo: 'the victim \Isustained\j\b\i a broken arm'. \Bsustainable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hsustenance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sus\j\b\ita-nence \Pnoun\p a) a means of sustaining life, especially food. b) the act of sustaining.
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\Hsutra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-tra \Pnoun\p any of various writings on ritual, spiritual, philosophical or scientific subjects in various Eastern religions, such as Buddhism.
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\Hsuttee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sut\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p (formerly) a Hindu custom in which a widow was required to burn herself to death on her husband's funeral pyre.
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\Hsuture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1soo\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a) the joining of the edges of a cut or wound by stitching. b) the thread, wire or material used to do this.
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\Hsvelte\h
\Isay\j\b\i svelt \Padjective\p slender and graceful.
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\Hswab\h
\Isay\j\b\i swob \Pnoun\p swob \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i a) a small piece of fabric used to wipe away fluids, apply medication or take samples of bodily secretions for analysis. b) the sample taken.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large mop used to clean floors, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHorseracing:\j\b\i a test for stimulants or depressants on a horse whose condition or performance is suspect.
\Bswab\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bswabbed\j\b\i, \Bswabbing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to clean with or as if with a swab.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take specimens with a swab.
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\Hswaddle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swodd\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to wrap or bind with long strips of cloth.
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\Hswag\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a roll or bundle containing the possessions of a bush traveller, miner, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) stolen goods. \Bswagman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a tramp, b) a person who carries a swag.
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\Hswagger\h
\Pverb\p to walk or strut proudly or smugly. \Bswagger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bswaggeringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hswaggie\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a swagman.
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\Hswain\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a young, countryman.
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\Hswallow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swoll\j\b\io \Pverb\p a) to take food, etc. into the stomach through the throat. b) to move the throat muscles to do, or as if doing, this.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the clouds \Iswallowed\j\b\i the mountain completely' (= enveloped, made disappear).
b) 'it was an insult I could not \Iswallow\j\b\i' (= accept).
c) '\Iswallow\j\b\i your fears and follow us' (= suppress). \Bswallow\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of swallowing, b) the amount swallowed at one time.
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\Hswallow (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swoll\j\b\io \Pnoun\p any of various long-winged, graceful, migrating birds which catch insects while flying.
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\Hswallow dive\h
a dive performed with the arms extended until near the water.
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\Hswallow-hole\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsinkhole\j\b\i.
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\Hswam\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bswim\j\b\i.
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\Hswami\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swah\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p \IHinduism:\j\b\i a title for a religious teacher.
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\Hswamp\h
\Isay\j\b\i swomp \Pnoun\p also called a \Bmarsh\j\b\i
an area of soft, permanently wet ground, often with coarse grasses.
\Bswamp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to flood or soak with water.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the firm was \Iswamped\j\b\i with orders' (= overwhelmed). \Bswampy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hswamphen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swomp\j\b\i-hen \Pnoun\p a heavy wading bird related to the rail.
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\Hswan\h
\Isay\j\b\i swon \Pnoun\p a large, graceful bird of the duck family with a long, slender neck. \Bswan\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to accept praise for a successful project, function, etc. even though he or she has not done a fair share of the work.
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\Hswank\h
\Padjective\p swanky (\Iinformal\j\b\i) smart or stylish.
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\Hswan song\h
the last work or creation of an artist, etc. before retirement or death. from the legend that a dying swan sings sweetly
to exchange one thing for another. \Bswap\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsward\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bgreensward\j\b\i
an old word for a lawn.
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\Hswarm (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a large group of bees or other insects moving together. b) any large group of people or things in motion.
\Bswarm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move in large numbers: 'crowds \Iswarmed\j\b\i to the beach in the hot weather'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the beaches were \Iswarming\j\b\i with swimmers' (= abounding).
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\Hswarm (2)\h
\Pverb\p to climb a rope, etc. by clasping it with the hands and legs and pulling oneself up.
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\Hswarthy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swor\j\b\i-\Ith\j\b\iee \Padjective\p having a dark complexion. \Bswarthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswashbuckling\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swosh\j\b\i-bukling \Padjective\p daring, swaggering or showy.
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\Hswastika\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swos\j\b\itikka \Pnoun\p a) an ancient symbol of the sun, good luck, comprising a regular cross with its arms extended and bent at right angles either clockwise or counter-clockwise. b) this figure, with clockwise arms, adopted as the emblem of the Nazi party. Sanskrit \Isvasti\j\b\i well-being
to hit, e.g. flies, with a sharp blow. \Bswat\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a sharp blow; \Bswatter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswatch\h
\Isay\j\b\i swotch \Pnoun\p a sample of a fabric, etc.
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\Hswath\h
\Isay\j\b\i sworth \Pnoun\p also called a \Bswathe\j\b\i
a row of grass or grain cut by a scythe or machine.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the police charge cut a \Iswath\j\b\i through the crowd' (= path, broad strip).
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\Hswathe\h
\Isay\j\b\i sway\Ith\j\b\i \Pverb\p to wrap or bind in or as if in bandages: 'the baby was \Iswathed\j\b\i in blankets'.
\Bswathe\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a swath.
#
\Hsway\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to swing or cause to swing from side to side: a) 'she was \Iswaying\j\b\i from exhaustion'; b) 'a breath of wind \Iswayed\j\b\i the trees'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to influence or exert control over: 'the passionate speech
\Iswayed\j\b\i the voters'. \Bsway\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a swaying motion, b) any rule, control or influence; \Bswayingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsway-back\h
\Pnoun\p a sagging back, especially in horses, caused by an excessive bend in the spinal column. \Bsway-backed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to promise or declare solemnly: 'he \Iswore\j\b\i he'd be on time'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to take or cause to take an oath to tell the truth.
\CX13.\j\b\i to curse or utter blasphemous or obscene oaths.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bswear by\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she \Iswears by\j\b\i that remedy' (= has complete confidence in).
\Bswear in\j\b\i, 'the President was \Isworn in\j\b\i at an official ceremony' (= admitted to office by taking an oath).
\Bswear off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he's \Isworn off\j\b\i alcohol for life' (= promised to give up).
\Bsworn enemies\j\b\i, irreconcilable enemies. \Bswearer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bswearword\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a word used as a curse or obscene oath.
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\Hsweat\h
\Isay\j\b\i swet \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to excrete a watery substance through the pores in an attempt to reduce body temperature. Also called to \Bperspire\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the damp concrete wall was \Isweating\j\b\i moisture' (= giving off in droplets).
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to work very hard: 'I really \Isweated\j\b\i over that assignment'. b) to worry or suffer: 'he made me \Isweat\j\b\i for three weeks before he told me the job was mine'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bsweat blood\j\b\i, to work very hard.
\Bsweat it out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to wait anxiously or helplessly.
\Bsweat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the salty fluid secreted through the sweat glands.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act or state of sweating: 'he brought the horse back in a \Isweat\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a state of impatience or worry: 'there's no need to get into a \Isweat\j\b\i'.
\Bno sweat\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) no difficulty at all.
\Bsweated\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
employed in hard work for low wages: '\Isweated\j\b\i labour was rife in 19th-century Britain'. \Bsweaty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsweatily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsweatiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsweater\h
\Isay\j\b\i swetta \Pnoun\p a knitted jumper.
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\Hsweat gland\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of numerous small glands which secrete moisture and help to maintain a constant body temperature. They are most abundant on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and in the armpits.
#
\Hsweatshirt\h
\Pnoun\p a loose, collarless jumper worn by athletes, etc.
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\Hsweatshop\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swet\j\b\i-shop \Pnoun\p a factory or workshop where employees work very long hours, often in unpleasant conditions and for low wages.
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\Hsweaty\h
\Padjective\p See \Jsweat\j\b\i.
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\Hswede\h
\Pnoun\p a root related to the turnip and used as a vegetable.
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\Hsweep\h
\Pverb\p (\Bswept\j\b\i, \Bsweeping\j\b\i)
to clean or clear with or as if with a broom: a) 'he \Iswept\j\b\i the floor'; b) 'the queen promised to \Isweep\j\b\i the seas of pirates'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her dress \Iswept\j\b\i the floor as she walked' (= touched lightly).
b) 'his eyes \Iswept\j\b\i over the page' (= passed quickly).
c) 'the floods \Iswept\j\b\i away houses and trees' (= carried).
d) 'the road \Isweeps\j\b\i along the coast' (= extends, follows).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbe swept off one's feet\j\b\i, to be overwhelmed by emotion or enthusiasm.
\Bsweep under the carpet\j\b\i, to conceal or cover up a problem, incident, etc.
\Bsweep\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of sweeping: 'give the room a \Isweep\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'with a \Isweep\j\b\i of her arm she cleared his desk' (= long stroke or movement).
b) 'we surveyed the long \Isweep\j\b\i of coastline' (= unbroken stretch).
c) 'listen to the \Isweep\j\b\i of the wind over the plains' (= uninterrupted movement).
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who cleans soot, etc. from chimneys.
\CX13.\j\b\i a form of gambling, usually on the result of a horserace, where tickets representing all the horses are sold and the money paid in becomes the prize money for the winners. Short form of \Bsweepstake\j\b\i.
\Bmake a clean sweep of\j\b\i, to get rid of or reorganise completely.
\Bsweeping\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of wide range: 'a \Isweeping\j\b\i generalisation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Isweeping\j\b\i victory' (= decisive). \Bsweeper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that sweeps; \Bsweepingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsweet\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the pleasant taste of sugar: 'I don't like my coffee too \Isweet\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i pleasant to the senses, feelings or mind: 'the \Isweet\j\b\i sounds of birds singing'.
\CX13.\j\b\i having or showing a pleasant disposition: 'she is a \Isweet\j\b\i girl'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bkeep someone sweet\j\b\i, to stay on the right side of someone.
\Bsweet on\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) fond of.
\Bsweet\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a small piece of food which contains a large amount of sugar, such as a chocolate, toffee, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) a dessert. \Bsweet\j\b\i, \Bsweetly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Bsweetness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bsweeten\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make sweet; \Bsweetening\j\b\i, \Bsweetener\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, something that sweetens.
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\Hsweetbread\h
\Pnoun\p the pancreas or thymus gland of an animal, usually calf or lamb.
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\Hsweet corn\h
the small, yellow kernels of maize, especially when removed from the cob and eaten as a vegetable.
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\Hsweeten\h
\Pverb\p See \Jsweet\j\b\i.
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\Hsweetheart\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sweet\j\b\i-hart \Pnoun\p a lover.
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\Hsweetmeat\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for any sweet food.
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\Hsweetness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsweet\j\b\i.
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\Hsweet pea\h
a climbing garden plant with fragrant, brightly coloured flowers.
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\Hsweet potato\h
the edible root of a vine.
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\Hsweet tooth\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a great liking for sweet foods.
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\Hsweet william\h
a garden plant with coloured flowers which form in dense, rounded clusters.
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\Hswell\h
\Pverb\p (\Bswelled\j\b\i, \Bswelled\j\b\i or \Bswollen\j\b\i, \Bswelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to become or cause to become greater in size, force, intensity, etc.: a) 'the wood \Iswelled\j\b\i after being saturated in the rain'; b) 'the noise \Iswelled\j\b\i until it was unbearable'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to cause to protrude: 'the wind \Iswelled\j\b\i the sails'.
\Bswell\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of swelling: 'there was a \Iswell\j\b\i in the music'. b) the condition of being enlarged in size, force, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a regular, undulating movement of the surface of the sea.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a distinguished person, or one very fashionably dressed: 'he was all dressed up and looking like a \Iswell\j\b\i'.
\Bswell\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) fashionable or stylish: 'a \Iswell\j\b\i hotel'. b) excellent or first-rate: 'what a \Iswell\j\b\i idea'.
\Bswelling\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a swollen part: 'I'm worried about this \Iswelling\j\b\i on my knee'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an increase in size.
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\Hswelled head\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) an excessively high opinion of oneself. \Bswollen-headed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hswelter\h
\Pverb\p to suffer from oppressive heat: 'I always \Iswelter\j\b\i during summer'. \Bsweltering\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) suffering from oppressive heat, b) oppressively hot and humid; \Bswelteringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hswept\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bsweep\j\b\i.
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\Hswerve\h
\Pverb\p to turn aside suddenly or sharply from a course or purpose. \Bswerve\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswift\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i moving or performing movements in a brief time: a) 'we caught a \Iswift\j\b\i train'; b) 'her \Iswift\j\b\i fingers moved across the loom'.
\CX12.\j\b\i prompt or ready: 'he's always been very \Iswift\j\b\i to anger'.
\Bswift\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of various small, fast-flying birds similar to the swallow. \Bswiftly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bswiftness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswig\h
\Pverb\p (\Bswigged\j\b\i, \Bswigging\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to take a deep drink: 'he was \Iswigging\j\b\i from the bottle'. \Bswig\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a drink.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rinse: 'give the barrel a good \Iswill\j\b\i out with water'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a mixture of liquid and solid food, especially as a food for pigs. \Bswill\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to drink greedily or excessively, b) to rinse.
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move through water by movements of the arms, legs, fins, etc.: a) 'everyone should learn to \Iswim\j\b\i'; b) 'he \Iswam\j\b\i across the flooded river'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to seem to whirl: a) 'the room \Iswam\j\b\i before her eyes'; b) 'my head is \Iswimming\j\b\i and I feel sick'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I don't like my meat to be \Iswimming\j\b\i in gravy' (= immersed, floating).
b) 'his eyes were \Iswimming\j\b\i with tears' (= overflowing).
\Bswim with the stream, tide, etc\j\b\i., to follow the fashion or majority.
\Bswim\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of swimming.
\Bin the swim\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) actively taking part in social activities, current affairs, etc. \Bswimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who swims; \Bswimmingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, easily or with great success.
#
\Hswim bladder\h
a bladder containing gas, present in the abdomen of fish.
#
\Hswimsuit\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jbather\j\b\i.
#
\Hswindle\h
\Pverb\p to cheat someone out of money or property. \Bswindle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bswindler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who swindles.
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\Hswine\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bswine\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a domestic pig.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a brutish, stupid, vicious or greedy person. \Bswinish\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swine\j\b\i-ish), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bswinishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hswing\h
\Pverb\p (\Bswung\j\b\i, \Bswinging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move back and forth in a regular motion, such as something suspended from above: a) 'the pendulum \Iswung\j\b\i evenly'; b) 'he \Iswung\j\b\i his arms as he walked'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to pivot: 'a gate \Iswings\j\b\i on its hinges'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to move or cause to move in a circular or sweeping motion: a) 'he \Iswung\j\b\i his sword above his head'; b) 'the car \Iswung\j\b\i round the corner'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Iswings\j\b\i from one opinion to another' (= fluctuates).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I'm trying to \Iswing\j\b\i a big deal with the oil company' (= complete successfully).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I want to go somewhere that really \Iswings\j\b\i' (= is lively and modern).
\Bswing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a swinging movement: 'a golfer's \Iswing\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a seat suspended from above, on which children swing to and fro. b) a ride on such a swing.
\CX13.\j\b\i a swinging gait or movement: 'a rollicking old song that goes with a \Iswing\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a form of dance music popular after 1935, based on jazz rhythms.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget into the swing of\j\b\i, to become familiar with or active in something.
\Bgo with a swing\j\b\i, to be lively.
\Bin full swing\j\b\i, 'production will be \Iin full swing\j\b\i by April' (= in full operation). \Bswinger\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person or thing that swings, b) (informal) a lively, modern person; \Bswinging\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) lively or modern.
#
\Hswing bridge\h
a bridge, part of which is pivoted in the centre and may be turned horizontally, to allow boats, etc. to pass.
#
\Hswing-wing\h
\Padjective\p (of an aeroplane) having the wings pivoted at the fuselage so that they may be swept back to varying degrees to suit the aeroplane's speed.
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\Hswinish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swine\j\b\i-ish \Padjective\p See \Jswine\j\b\i.
#
\Hswipe\h
\Pnoun\p a long, sweeping blow or stroke: 'she made a \Iswipe\j\b\i at the ball'.
\Bswipe\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to hit with a sweeping blow.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to steal.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i to slide a card that has a magnetic strip through the slot of a magnetic strip reader.
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\Hswirl\h
\Pverb\p to move or cause to move in a twisting or whirling motion: 'the leaves \Iswirled\j\b\i around the foot of the tree'. \Bswirl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bswirly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hswish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move through the air with a hissing or whistling sound: 'the horse \Iswished\j\b\i its tail'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of clothes) to rustle. \Bswish\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a swishing sound or movement; \Bswish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) smart or fashionable.
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\Hswitch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device for opening, closing or directing an electric circuit.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i See \Jpoint\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a turning, shifting or changing: 'a \Iswitch\j\b\i of voters' preferences'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a long, separate lock of hair fastened together at one end and used to add to a hairstyle.
\CX15.\j\b\i a flexible rod or cane, used for whipping.
\CX16.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a switchboard.
\Bswitch\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to connect or disconnect by a switch: '\Iswitch\j\b\i off that fan'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to shift, change or divert: a) 'let's \Iswitch\j\b\i the conversation to something else'; b) 'the train was \Iswitched\j\b\i to another track'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to exchange: 'let's \Iswitch\j\b\i rooms for a week'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to swing or lash: 'the cow \Iswitched\j\b\i her tail'. \Bswitcher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hswitchback\h
\Pnoun\p a zigzag railway or road climbing a steep incline.
#
\Hswitchblade\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jflick-knife\j\b\i.
#
\Hswitchboard\h
\Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a panel containing switches for connecting and disconnecting electrical circuits, e.g. in a telephone exchange.
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\Hswivel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swivv\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a link, pivot or other fitting which allows one section of two attached parts to turn independently of the other, e.g. in a \Bswivel chair\j\b\i, where the seat revolves without revolving the base. \Bswivel\j\b\i (\Bswivelled\j\b\i, \Bswivelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to turn on or as if on a swivel.
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\Hswizzle stick\h
a small stick used to stir mixed drinks.
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\Hswob\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jswab\j\b\i.
#
\Hswollen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1swole\j\b\i-en \Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bswell\j\b\i.
#
\Hswollen-headed\h
\Padjective\p See \Jswelled head\j\b\i.
#
\Hswoon\h
\Pverb\p to faint. \Bswoon\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hswoop\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to descend upon suddenly: 'the eagle \Iswooped\j\b\i down on the rabbit'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to take or seize suddenly: 'he \Iswooped\j\b\i up his trophy and marched out of the room'.
\Bswoop\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a swooping movement.
\Bat one fell swoop\j\b\i, all at once.
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\Hsword\h
\Isay\j\b\i sord \Pnoun\p a weapon with a long, sharp blade and a handle.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcross swords\j\b\i, to disagree violently.
\Bput to the sword\j\b\i, to massacre. \Bswordsman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who is trained or skilled in the use of a sword; \Bswordsmanship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hswordfish\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of large, edible, marine fish with the upper jaw elongated into a sword-like weapon.
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\Hswore\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bswear\j\b\i.
\Bsworn\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bswear\j\b\i.
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\Hswot\h
\Pverb\p (\Bswotted\j\b\i, \Bswotting\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to study hard, especially for examinations.
\Bswot up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to learn or memorise. \Bswot\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who studies hard, b) hard work or study.
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\Hswum\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bswim\j\b\i.
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\Hswung\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bswing\j\b\i.
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\Hsybarite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sibb\j\b\ia-rite \Pnoun\p a person who is fond of luxury and pleasure.
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\Hsycamore\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sikk\j\b\ia-mor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a variety of European maple.
\CX12.\j\b\i the plane tree of North America.
\CX13.\j\b\i a Middle Eastern fig, the sycamore of the Bible. Greek \Isykon\j\b\i fig + \Imoron\j\b\i mulberry
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ia-b'l \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i the smallest unit of speech, consisting of a vowel sound with or without one or more consonant sounds. \IExample:\j\b\i asleep (\Isay\j\b\i a-sleep) contains two syllables. \Bsyllabic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sil-\CX1lab\j\b\ibik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or consisting of a syllable or syllables.
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\Hsyllabus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ia-bus \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsyllabuses\j\b\i or \Bsyllabi\j\b\i
the set programme of a course of study.
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\Hsyllogism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sill\j\b\ia-jizm \Pnoun\p \ILogic:\j\b\i an argument with two premises from which a conclusion is drawn. \IExample\j\b\i: all birds can fly; seagulls are birds; therefore seagulls can fly. \Bsyllogistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i silla-\CX1jis\j\b\itik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsyllogistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsylph\h
\Isay\j\b\i silf \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a spirit of the air.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slender, graceful young woman. \Bsylphid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sil\j\b\i-fid), \Inoun\j\b\i, a young or small sylph.
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\Hsylvan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sil\j\b\i-v'n \Padjective\p also spelt \Bsilvan\j\b\i
of or relating to woods or forests.
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\Hsymbiosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i simbi-\CX1o\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the living together of two types of organisms to their mutual benefit. \Bsymbiotic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i simbi-\CX1ott\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsymbiotically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsymbol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\i-b'l \Pnoun\p something which is used to suggest or represent something else: 'a dove is a \Isymbol\j\b\i of peace'. \Bsymbolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sim-\CX1boll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsymbolically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsymbolise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\iba-lize), \Bsymbolize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to be a symbol of, b) to represent by a symbol or symbols. Greek \Isymbolon\j\b\i a token
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\Hsymbolism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\iba-lizm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the use of symbols to denote relationships, objects, emotions, etc. as in art and literature.
\CX12.\j\b\i the symbolic meaning or significance of something.
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\Hsymmetry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simm\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an exact correspondence between the opposite halves of a figure, form, line, pattern, etc., on either side of an axis or centre.
\CX12.\j\b\i a balance or proportion between parts of a whole, etc., e.g. in a painting or sculpture. \Bsymmetrical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sim\CX1met\j\b\iri-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsymmetrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsympathetic string\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i (in stringed instruments) a string which is not played but which vibrates in resonance with another string.
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\Hsympathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the capacity for sharing the feelings of others.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feeling or expression of pity, etc. for another person's distress or suffering.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we are in \Isympathy\j\b\i on many of the issues' (= agreement). \Bsympathetic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i simpa-\CX1thett\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bsympathetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsympathise\j\b\i, \Bsympathize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to feel or express sympathy for; \Bsympathiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Isym-\j\b\i together + \Ipathos\j\b\i feeling
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\Hsymphonic poem\h
See \Jtone poem\j\b\i.
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\Hsymphony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sim\j\b\ifa-nee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a long, serious, orchestral composition, usually having four movements.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a symphony orchestra. \Bsymphonic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sim-\CX1fonn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or having the character of a symphony. Greek \Isym-\j\b\i together + \IphonΘ\j\b\i sound
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\Hsymphony orchestra\h
a large orchestra designed to play symphonies.
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\Hsymposium\h
\Isay\j\b\i sim-\CX1po\j\b\i-zee-um \Pnoun\p plural is \Bsymposia\j\b\i
a) a meeting to discuss a particular topic. b) a collection of scholarly writings by different authors on the same subject. Greek \Isymposion\j\b\i a drinks party
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\Hsymptom\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1simp\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i an observable change in bodily or mental condition that indicates the presence of disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sign of the existence of something: 'the riots were the most obvious \Isymptoms\j\b\i of social unrest'. \Bsymptomatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i simpta-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving as a symptom of; \Bsymptomatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. \Bsymptom, effect\j\b\i both words describe something that has been caused by something else. An \Ieffect\j\b\i is any result or consequence: a good joke (cause) can produce laughter (effect); a fall (cause) may end in a broken leg (effect). A \Isymptom\j\b\i is an effect typical of an illness or disease: influenza (cause) can produce such symptoms as a runny nose, sore eyes and tiredness.
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\Hsynagogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ia-gog \Pnoun\p a) a regular assembly of Jews for worship and religious instruction. b) a building where such an assembly is held. Greek \IsynagogΘ\j\b\i a meeting
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\Hsynapse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sigh\j\b\i-naps \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the region where two or more nerve cells meet and across which an impulse passes.
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\Hsynchromesh\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\ikro-mesh \Pnoun\p a system used in a gearbox of a motor vehicle, in which the gears are made to spin at the same speed before being engaged and which allows smooth and rapid gear-changing.
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\Hsynchronise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\ikra-nize \Pverb\p synchronize \CX11.\j\b\i a) to occur or cause to occur at the same time: 'his arrival \Isynchronised\j\b\i with my departure'. b) to make agree in time: 'they \Isynchronised\j\b\i their watches'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move or take place at the same rate or exactly together: 'the soundtrack was not \Isynchronised\j\b\i with the picture'. \Bsynchronisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsynchronous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\ikra-nus \Padjective\p occurring at the same time or in the same phase as.
\Bsynchronous orbit\j\b\i
the orbit of a satellite which causes the satellite to stay over one spot on the earth. \Bsynchronously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Isyn-\j\b\i together + \Ikhronos\j\b\i time
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\Hsyncline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-kline \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a downward curve in layers of folded rock. Compare \Janticline\j\b\i. \Bsynclinal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1klie\j\b\i-n'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Isyn-\j\b\i together + \Iklinein\j\b\i to slope
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\Hsyncopate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\iko-pate \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to place the stress on beats that are normally unstressed.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i to shorten a word by omitting certain syllables. \IExample: synchromesh\j\b\i for \Isynchronised mesh\j\b\i. \Bsyncopation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Isyn-\j\b\i together + \Ikoptein\j\b\i to cut off
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\Hsyndactyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1dak\j\b\itil \Padjective\p having some toes or fingers joined together, such as in kangaroos.
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\Hsyndicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\idi-kit \Pnoun\p a combination of individuals or companies to carry out a project, usually commercial, such as a newspaper organisation which sells news or an article to several publications at once. \Bsyndicate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\idi-kate), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bsyndication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hsyndrome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-drome \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a set of symptoms and signs typically found together and associated with a particular disease or psychological disorder.
\CX12.\j\b\i a distinctive pattern of behaviour. Greek \IsyndromΘ\j\b\i a running together
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\Hsynergism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ia-jizm \Iand\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p synergy the joint action of two substances, organs or organisms to achieve an effect of which each is incapable alone. Greek \Isynergos\j\b\i working together
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\Hsynod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\iod \Pnoun\p a council, especially of clergy, to conduct church business. Greek \Isynodos\j\b\i an assembly
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\Hsynonym\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sinn\j\b\ia-nim \Pnoun\p a word with the same or a similar meaning to another: 'happy is a \Isynonym\j\b\i of glad'. Compare \Jantonym\j\b\i. Greek \Isyn-\j\b\i together + \Ionyma\j\b\i name
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\Hsynonymous\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1nonn\j\b\ii-mus \Padjective\p expressing or suggesting the same idea: a) 'these two words are \Isynonymous\j\b\i'; b) 'our company's name is \Isynonymous\j\b\i with good value'. \Bsynonymously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsynopsis\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1nop\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p a summary, especially of the plot of a novel, play, etc. Greek, a general view
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\Hsynoptic chart\h
See \Jweather map\j\b\i.
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\Hsyntax\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\i-taks \Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i the arrangement and interrelationships of words in phrases and sentences. \Bsyntactic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sin-\CX1tak\j\b\itik), \Bsyntactical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Isyn-\j\b\i together + \Itassein\j\b\i to arrange
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\Hsynthesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\itha-sis \Pnoun\p the combination of parts or elements into a complex whole. Compare \Janalysis\j\b\i. \Bsynthesise\j\b\i, \Bsynthesize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make up by combining parts or elements. Greek
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\Hsynthesiser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sin\j\b\itha-size-a \Pnoun\p synthesizer an electronic device consisting of a keyboard which is programmed by a computer to make music.
\CX12.\j\b\i produced by synthesis. \Bsynthetically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hsyphilis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1siff\j\b\ii-lis \Pnoun\p a venereal disease which develops in stages and, if untreated, can eventually affect many parts of the body. \Bsyphilitic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i siffi-\CX1litt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or affected with syphilis; \Bsyphilitic\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person suffering from syphilis. the name of a character in a Latin poem, 1530, who was a victim of it
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\Hsyphon\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jsiphon\j\b\i.
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\Hsyringe\h
\Isay\j\b\i se-\CX1rinj\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a hollow tube with a piston which can be fitted on to a hypodermic needle and used to inject fluids into, or withdraw them from, the body. \Bsyringe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cleanse or inject by means of a syringe. Greek \Isyringos\j\b\i a (musical) pipe
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\Hsyrup\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirr\j\b\iup \Pnoun\p a thick, sweet liquid made by boiling sugar, water and often flavouring. \Bsyrupy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sirr\j\b\ia-pee), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Arabic \Isharab\j\b\i a drink
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\Hsystem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sis\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of things or parts forming a whole: a) 'a railway \Isystem\j\b\i'; b) 'the digestive \Isystem\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an organised group of ideas, principles, beliefs, etc.: a) 'a \Isystem\j\b\i of philosophy'; b) 'a \Isystem\j\b\i of government'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'there's no \Isystem\j\b\i in the way he works' (= organised basis).
b) 'a new \Isystem\j\b\i of marking exams' (= procedure).
c) 'your whole \Isystem\j\b\i is run-down and you need a holiday' (= body).
\CX13.\j\b\i any combination of a computer and its peripherals required to perform a task.
\CX14.\j\b\i See \Jdisk operating system\j\b\i.
\Bthe System\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the network of established institutions which controls a country, regarded as suppressing any attempt to change it.
\CX11.\j\b\i according to a system: 'a \Isystematic\j\b\i search'.
\CX12.\j\b\i arranged in a system. \Bsystematically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bsystematise\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sis\j\b\it'ma-tize), \Bsystematize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to arrange in or according to a system; \Bsystemisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \Isystema\j\b\i a setting together
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\Hsystemic\h
\Isay\j\b\i sis-\CX1tee\j\b\imik \Padjective\p of or relating to a system as a whole.
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\Hsystems analysis\h
the use of maths to predict future behaviour in various circumstances of complex groups of related objects or persons, of value in planning or designing automation, transport systems, ballistic missiles, etc.
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\Hsystole\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1sis\j\b\ita-lee \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the rhythmical contraction phase of the heartbeat. Compare \Jdiastole\j\b\i. \Bsystolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i sis-\CX1toll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hta\h
interjection (\Iinformal\j\b\i) thankyou.
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\Htabard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tabb\j\b\iud \Pnoun\p a loose outer garment worn in medieval times.
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\Htabby cat\h
a cat with a striped or brindled coat.
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\Htabernacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tabb\j\b\ia-nak-k'l \Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a) a place of worship. b) an ornamental recess or cabinet for consecrated bread and wine at the Eucharist. Latin \Itabernaculum\j\b\i tent, booth
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\Htable\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of furniture which has a flat top and is supported by legs.
\CX12.\j\b\i the food placed on a table to be eaten.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) an orderly arrangement of data, usually shown in rows and columns. b) a sequential listing of the multiples of any number: 'Lorraine did not know her seven-times \Itable\j\b\i'.
\Bturn the tables\j\b\i, to cause a complete reversal of circumstances.
\Btable\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to place on a table: 'to \Itable\j\b\i one's cards'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to place a resolution, proposal, etc. before a meeting for discussion or (sometimes) acceptance without discussion.
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\Htableau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tab\j\b\i-lo \Pnoun\p plural is \Btableaux\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tab\j\b\i-lo)
a colourful scene, e.g. one represented by a group of actors in period costume.
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\Htable d'h⌠te\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tahb\j\b\ila dote a meal at a fixed price and offering no or limited choice of dishes. Compare \Jα la carte\j\b\i. French, the host's (choice of) food
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\Htableland\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jplateau\j\b\i.
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\Htable linen\h
the cloth, serviettes, etc. used at meals.
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\Htable napkin\h
a serviette.
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\Htablespoon\h
\Pnoun\p a large oval spoon used to serve or measure food.
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\Htablet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any small, round, solid preparation containing a medicine, etc. b) a piece of some prepared substance, such as soap.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slab of stone, etc. bearing an inscription.
\CX13.\j\b\i a pad of paper, especially writing paper.
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\Htable tennis\h
also called \Bping-pong\j\b\i
a miniature game of tennis, played on a table using small wooden bats faced with cork, rubber, etc. and a light plastic ball.
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\Htableware\h
\Pnoun\p the crockery and cutlery used at meals.
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\Htabloid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tab\j\b\i-loyd \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small newspaper, about 40 cm long and 30 cm wide, which usually emphasises pictures and popular features.
\CX12.\j\b\i something compressed or condensed.
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\Htaboo\h
\Isay\j\b\i ta-\CX1boo\j\b\i \Padjective\p also spelt \Btabu\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i being banned by social custom: 'sex is a \Itaboo\j\b\i topic in some homes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i excluded from use, approach or mention because of the sacred quality of an object, etc. \Btaboo\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Polynesian
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\Htabor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tay\j\b\i-ba \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small drum struck with the fingers.
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\Htabular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tab\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i arranged as a table or list.
\CX12.\j\b\i having the form of a table or tablet.
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\Htabulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tab\j\b\i-yoo-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to arrange information in a table.
\CX12.\j\b\i to operate or set the tabulator on a typewriter. \Btabulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htabulator\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that tabulates.
\CX12.\j\b\i a device on a typewriter which moves the carriage a set number of spaces each time it is pressed.
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\Htachometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ta-\CX1komm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure the rate at which something, such as an engine, is turning. Greek \Itakhos\j\b\i speed + \B-meter\j\b\i
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\Htacit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tass\j\b\iit \Padjective\p implied but not spoken. \Btacitly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btacitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itacitus\j\b\i silent
\Pnoun\p the ability to appreciate the delicate or difficult nature of a situation and handle it without giving offence. \Btactful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing tact; \Btactfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btactless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lacking tact; \Btactlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btactlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itactus\j\b\i sense of touch
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\Htactic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tak\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) a plan or procedure for achieving a desired end, especially for limited objectives, e.g. on a sector of a battle front.
\Btactical\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of weapons, bombing, etc.) intended or used to achieve small-scale local objectives. Compare \Jstrategic\j\b\i. \Btactically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btactician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tak-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person experienced in using tactics in the army, etc. Greek \Itaktos\j\b\i arranged
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\Htactile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tak\j\b\i-tile \Padjective\p a) of or relating to the sense of touch. b) able to be felt through touch.
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\Htad\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a little bit.
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\Htadpole\h
\Pnoun\p the stage after the egg in the development of a frog before the growth of forelimbs and when it still has a tail. Middle English \Itadde\j\b\i toad + \Ipoll\j\b\i head
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\Htaekwondo\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1kwon\j\b\i-doh \Pnoun\p a method of self-defence without weapons which uses leaping kicks, punches and choking moves. Korean
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\Htaffeta\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1taff\j\b\ii-ta \Pnoun\p a thin, smooth, rather stiff fabric of shot silk, nylon, etc.
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\Htaffy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a chestnut or brown horse with a pale mane and tail.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person from Wales.
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\Htag (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a strip of paper, metal, etc. attached to something as a label.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a word applied as characteristic of a person. b) an often quoted phrase, especially one from another language.
\CX13.\j\b\i the hard substance at the end of a cord, shoelace, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the signature used by graffiti writers to identify their graffiti.
\Btag\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btagged\j\b\i, \Btagging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to provide with a tag.
\CX12.\j\b\i to follow closely.
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\Htag (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IWrestling:\j\b\i a match between two teams of two, in which only one of a team is allowed in the ring at a time.
\CX12.\j\b\i a children's game in which one person chases the other players until he or she touches someone who then becomes the chaser. \Btag\j\b\i (\Btagged\j\b\i, \Btagging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htagliatelle\h
\Isay\j\b\i tar-lee-a-\CX1tel\j\b\ilee \Pnoun\p a type of pasta made with egg and cut into long, thin strips.
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\Htai chi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i chee a set of exercises developed from martial arts which promotes maintenance of balance and mental alertness. Chinese
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\Htail\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the hind part of an animal, especially when elongated and extending beyond the main part of the body. b) something which has the shape or position of a tail: 'the \Itail\j\b\i of a comet'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the bottom or concluding part of anything: 'the story had a sting in its \Itail\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IDress:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a coat with a short front and two long tapering flaps at the back, worn on formal occasions. Short form of \Btail coat\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the buttocks. b) a person who follows another.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) the side of a coin which does not bear the image of a head.
\Btail\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to follow and watch someone.
\Btail off\j\b\i, to decrease gradually. \Btail\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being or coming from behind; \Btail-less\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having no tail.
#
\Htailgate\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Btailboard\j\b\i
a door or gate at the rear of a station wagon, utility, etc., which may be folded open for loading or unloading the vehicle.
#
\Htailings\h
plural \Pnoun\p the waste material removed during the processing of mineral ores.
#
\Htail-light\h
\Pnoun\p a red light at the back of a motor vehicle.
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\Htailor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes clothes, especially for men. \Btailor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make, adapt or fit clothes, b) to adjust, adapt or make for a specific purpose.
#
\Htailor-made\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i made by a tailor.
\CX12.\j\b\i designed for a particular need.
\CX13.\j\b\i rolled by a machine: '\Itailor-made\j\b\i cigarettes'.
#
\Htailshaft\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bdriveshaft\j\b\i
a spinning shaft which transmits power from the gearbox to the differential of a motor vehicle.
#
\Htail spin\h
the steep, spinning descent of a stalled aircraft.
#
\Htailwind\h
\Pnoun\p a wind blowing in the same direction as a person, vehicle etc. is travelling, thus increasing its speed. Compare \Jheadwind\j\b\i.
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\Htaint\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to affect slightly with something undesirable.
\CX12.\j\b\i to infect or spoil. \Btaint\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htaipan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-pan \Pnoun\p a front-fanged, extremely deadly, Australian snake growing up to about 3 m long.
\CX11.\j\b\i to get into one's hands, possession or control: a) '\Itake\j\b\i this hammer'; b) 'the army \Itook\j\b\i the city'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to catch: a) 'you \Itook\j\b\i me by surprise'; b) 'she was \Itaken\j\b\i ill last week'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to bring or receive into some relation with oneself: a) 'she was forced to \Itake\j\b\i lodgers'; b) 'it's time he \Itook\j\b\i a wife'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to adopt: a) 'the god \Itook\j\b\i the shape of a bull'; b) 'the nun \Itook\j\b\i a vow of silence'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to have recourse to: a) 'he \Itook\j\b\i an axe to the tree'; b) 'we \Itook\j\b\i shelter under a tree'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to admit or let in: a) 'the boat was \Itaking\j\b\i water fast'; b) 'the car \Itakes\j\b\i six passengers'.
\CX17.\j\b\i to feel: 'they seem to \Itake\j\b\i pleasure in being nasty'.
\CX18.\j\b\i to lead, carry or cause to go to another place: a) 'the bus will \Itake\j\b\i you to the city'; b) 'who \Itook\j\b\i you to the ball?'.
\CX19.\j\b\i (of an action) to perform, do, etc.: a) 'we \Itook\j\b\i a walk'; b) '\Itake\j\b\i careful aim'; c) 'I \Itook\j\b\i revenge'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'don't \Itake\j\b\i his words the wrong way' (= understand, interpret).
b) 'she \Itook\j\b\i first prize in both events' (= won).
c) 'it \Itakes\j\b\i courage to do what Julie did' (= requires).
d) 'the seedlings \Itook\j\b\i' (= began to grow).
e) 'would you ever \Itake\j\b\i a bribe?' (= accept).
f) 'she \Itook\j\b\i a nasty beating at the last election' (= underwent).
g) 'if you \Itake\j\b\i 3 from 6 you leave 3' (= subtract)
h) 'this fabric will not \Itake\j\b\i dye' (= absorb).
i) 'I \Itook\j\b\i him to be an honest man' (= considered).
j) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she was \Itaken\j\b\i in the oil deal' (= cheated, swindled).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhave what it takes\j\b\i, to have the qualities required for success, etc.
\Btaken aback\j\b\i, See \Jaback\j\b\i.
\Btake after\j\b\i, to inherit from or resemble in appearance, etc.
\Btake care of\j\b\i, to look after or protect.
\Btake down\j\b\i, to write down.
\Btake in\j\b\i, a) to provide lodging for; b) to make a garment smaller; c) to include; d) to understand; e) to trick or deceive.
\Btake it\j\b\i, 'you're coming too, I \Itake\j\b\i it?' (= assume).
\Btake it or leave it\j\b\i, you can accept it or not, it is immaterial to me.
\Btake off\j\b\i, a) 'why don't you \Itake\j\b\i an hour \Ioff\j\b\i?' (= stop working, etc. for); b) to leave the ground; c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to imitate or mimic.
\Btake on\j\b\i, a) to hire; b) to undertake to do something; c) to start a fight with.
\Btake out\j\b\i, a) to remove or extract; b) 'he \Itook out\j\b\i a patent on his invention' (= obtained); c) to accompany or escort; d) to vent one's anger, etc.
\Btake over\j\b\i, to assume or acquire control.
\Btake place\j\b\i, to happen or occur.
\Btake to\j\b\i, 'they \Itook to\j\b\i each other right away' (= became attracted to).
\Btake up\j\b\i, a) to raise or lift; b) to make a garment shorter or smaller; c) to begin or begin again; d) 'the fridge \Itakes up\j\b\i a lot of space' (= uses); e) 'to \Itake up\j\b\i a cause' (= espouse); f) 'to \Itake up\j\b\i an option' (= accept).
\Btake up with\j\b\i, to begin an association, etc. with.
\Btake\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the amount of something taken: 'today's \Itake\j\b\i in the shop was $5000'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a scene filmed without stopping the camera.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a swindle: 'what a \Itake\j\b\i to charge $40 for a paperback'. \Btaker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who takes, especially one who accepts a bet.
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\Htakeaway\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bfast food\j\b\i
any quick-service food which is eaten off the premises.
#
\Htake-home pay\h
the actual money received by an employee, after tax and other payments have been taken out.
#
\Htake-off\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of leaving the ground, especially by an aircraft.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a satirical imitation.
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\Htake-over\h
\Pnoun\p an assuming of control, ownership, etc.
#
\Htaking\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) any receipts, especially of money.
\Btaking\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
pleasing or captivating.
#
\Htalc\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a soft, pale, greenish-grey mineral (hydrous magnesium silicate), used as a lubricant or in talcum powder.
\CX12.\j\b\i talcum powder.
#
\Htalcum powder\h
short form is \Btalc\j\b\i
a purified, whitened and perfumed form of talc used on the skin to dry and soothe it.
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\Htale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a story.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a malicious story. b) a deliberate lie.
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\Htalent\h
\Pnoun\p a natural or acquired ability, especially an outstanding one. \Btalented\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having talent.
#
\Htalent scout\h
a person appointed to find and employ people who appear to have talent.
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\Htale-teller\h
\Pnoun\p tale-bearer a person who spreads malicious stories or gossip.
#
\Htalisman\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tall\j\b\iiz-man \Pnoun\p any object worn because it is supposed to work wonders due to its possessing and transmitting magic powers.
#
\Htalk\h
\Pverb\p to say things or communicate by words: 'we \Italked\j\b\i about her trip'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'people will \Italk\j\b\i if we are seen together' (= speculate).
b) 'the spy was made to \Italk\j\b\i' (= reveal information).
c) 'we must \Italk\j\b\i business' (= discuss).
d) 'I was \Italked\j\b\i into buying a new car' (= persuaded).
e) 'now you're \Italking\j\b\i' (= beginning to talk sense).
f) 'you can't \Italk\j\b\i after what you've done' (= criticise).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btalk back\j\b\i, to answer impudently.
\Btalk big\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to boast.
\Btalk down to\j\b\i, to speak condescendingly to.
\Btalk over\j\b\i, to discuss.
\Btalk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a conversation: 'there was a lot of \Italk\j\b\i about the space launching'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an informal speech: 'Mona gave a \Italk\j\b\i on wild flowers'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the scandal has made them the \Italk\j\b\i of the town' (= subject of conversation).
b) 'it will all end in \Italk\j\b\i' (= nothing being done). \Btalker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btalkative\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, inclined to talk a great deal; \Btalkatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btalkativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htalkback\h
\Pnoun\p a radio programme in which the listeners take part by telephoning a radio station and conversing with the compere.
#
\Htalkie\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a film with a soundtrack.
#
\Htalking-to\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a scolding.
#
\Htall\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of more than average height.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a height as specified: 'he's 1.73 m \Itall\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) '\Itall\j\b\i stories' (= unlikely, exaggerated).
b) 'that's a \Itall\j\b\i order for one person to carry out' (= very difficult). \Btall\j\b\i (informal), \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btallness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htallboy\h
\Pnoun\p a chest of drawers mounted on short legs.
#
\Htallow\h
\Pnoun\p the melted fat of animals, especially cattle and sheep, used to make candles, soap, etc.
#
\Htally\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a score or account.
\CX12.\j\b\i a stick on which notches were made to keep a count or score.
\Btally\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btallied\j\b\i, \Btallying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to reckon or count.
\CX12.\j\b\i to agree or correspond: 'do their answers \Itally\j\b\i?'.
#
\Htally-ho\h
interjection a hunting cry signalling to hounds that a fox has been sighted.
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\HTalmud\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tal\j\b\i-m\Iu\j\b\id \Pnoun\p the books of traditional Jewish ceremonial and civil laws. Hebrew \Italmudh\j\b\i instruction
#
\Htalon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tal\j\b\i-on \Pnoun\p a claw, especially of a bird of prey.
#
\Htamable\h
\Padjective\p See \Jtame\j\b\i.
#
\Htamarillo\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of tree-tomato.
#
\Htamarind\h
\Pnoun\p a) a tropical tree used for timber. b) the large, edible fruit of this tree, consisting of a long pod with seeds and acid-tasting flesh.
#
\Htambour\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a drum.
\CX12.\j\b\i a frame consisting of two hoops to keep a section of material firm while embroidery is being worked.
#
\Htambourine\h
\Isay\j\b\i tamba-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a small, flat, one-sided drum with small metal plates set in the side, which is hit or shaken to produce sound.
#
\Htame\h
\Padjective\p changed from the wild or savage state and accustomed to living with human beings.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the employees are pretty \Itame\j\b\i and ask no questions' (= docile).
b) 'this story has a \Itame\j\b\i ending' (= dull). \Btame\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btamer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tames animals; \Btamely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btameness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btamable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, able to be tamed.
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\Htam-o'-shanter\h
\Isay\j\b\i tamma-\CX1shan\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p a soft, round cap similar to a beret, first worn in Scotland.
#
\Htamp\h
\Pverb\p to press down or pack closer by firm, repeated blows: '\Itamp\j\b\i down the earth around the base of the seedlings'.
#
\Htamper\h
\Pverb\p to interfere or meddle.
#
\Htampon\h
\Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a) a plug of absorbent material used to stop haemorrhage. b) a similar plug placed in the vagina to absorb blood during menstruation.
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\Htan (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btanned\j\b\i, \Btanning\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make a hide into leather, usually by soaking in any of a variety of substances, such as oak bark.
\CX12.\j\b\i to brown the skin in the sun or with a sunlamp.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to beat or thrash.
\Btan\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a light, reddish-brown colour.
\CX12.\j\b\i the brown colour imparted to the skin by the sun's rays.
\CX13.\j\b\i bark used to cover the ground, such as in a garden, etc. \Btan\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htan (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jtangent\j\b\i.
#
\Htanbark\h
\Pnoun\p a) a tannin-rich bark. b) a bark broken into chips and used as a ground cover in playgrounds, gardens, etc.
#
\Htandem\h
\Padjective\p, \Padverb\p one behind the other.
\Btandem\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
See \Jbicycle\j\b\i.
#
\Htandoori oven\h
\ICooking:\j\b\i a round clay oven used in Indian cooking.
#
\Htang\h
\Pnoun\p a sharp, distinctive taste, flavour or smell of something. \Btangy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htangent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tan\j\b\i-j'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a) any straight line touching a curve. b) a ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the adjacent side of a right-angled triangle. Short form is \Btan\j\b\i. See \Jtrigonometric functions\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sudden change of course. \Btangential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tan-\CX1jen\j\b\i-sh'l), \Btangental\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tan-\CX1jen\j\b\i-t'l), \Iadjectives\j\b\i, a) relating to a tangent, b) only partially relevant. Latin \Itangens\j\b\i touching
#
\Htangerine\h
\Isay\j\b\i tanja-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a type of mandarin.
\CX12.\j\b\i a reddish-orange colour. \Btangerine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htangible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tan\j\b\iji-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i real or definite: 'we need \Itangible\j\b\i evidence, not just theories'.
\CX12.\j\b\i capable of being touched. \Btangibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btangibility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tanji-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Btangibleness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Htangible asset\h
an asset of a business, such as property or chattels. Compare \Jintangible asset\j\b\i.
#
\Htangle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tang\j\b\i-g'l \Pverb\p to intertwine in a confused mass: 'the wool became \Itangled\j\b\i as the cat played with it'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we became \Itangled\j\b\i in the family quarrel' (= mixed up, involved). \Btangle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htango\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tang\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p a) a ballroom dance of Spanish-American origin with varied steps and turns. b) the music for such a dance.
#
\Htangy\h
\Padjective\p See \Jtang\j\b\i.
#
\Htank\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large container for holding a liquid or gas.
\CX12.\j\b\i a heavily armoured military vehicle with tracks and a powerful gun.
#
\Htankard\h
\Pnoun\p a large glass, pewter, etc. drinking vessel with a handle and often a hinged lid.
#
\Htanker\h
\Pnoun\p a ship, aircraft or road vehicle designed to carry liquid, such as oil, in bulk.
#
\Htanner (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who tans hides.
#
\Htanner (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sixpenny coin.
#
\Htannery\h
\Pnoun\p a place where hides and skins are made into leather.
#
\Htannin\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of complex substances found in plants and used in the making of ink and leather.
#
\Htanning\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the process of converting hides and skins into leather.
\CX12.\j\b\i the process of becoming brown, e.g. by exposure to the sun's rays.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thrashing.
#
\Htantalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tan\j\b\ita-lize \Pverb\p tantalize to tease or torment with, or as if with, something which is desired but out of reach. \Btantalisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btantalisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btantaliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \ITantalus\j\b\i in Greek mythology, who was punished by being made to stand in water which receded when he tried to drink, and under fruit-laden boughs which he could not reach
#
\Htantalum\h
\Pnoun\p element number 73, a ductile, malleable metal used in alloys, filaments for electric lights and in cemented carbides for very hard tools. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i.
#
\Htantamount\h
\Padjective\p equivalent in effect, value, force, etc.: 'his manner was \Itantamount\j\b\i to rudeness'.
#
\Htantrum\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden, violent fit of bad temper.
#
\Htap (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btapped\j\b\i, \Btapping\j\b\i)
to strike gently.
\Btap\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a gentle blow. b) the sound this makes.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican Military:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) See \Jlast post\j\b\i.
#
\Htap (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device for controlling the flow of a liquid or gas from a pipe, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a plug for a cask, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a tool for cutting an internal screw thread.
\Bon tap\j\b\i, a) ready to be drawn off and served, such as beer in a cask; b) ready for immediate use.
\Btap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btapped\j\b\i, \Btapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to draw a liquid or gas from a container, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to open the outlets of: 'to \Itap\j\b\i a water main'. b) to provide with a plug, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the reporter \Itapped\j\b\i all his usual news sources' (= used, drew upon).
b) 'my phone conversation was \Itapped\j\b\i' (= listened to secretly).
\CX13.\j\b\i to make an internal screw thread.
#
\Htapas\h
plural \Pnoun\p light snacks or appetisers, in Spain traditionally eaten before the midday or the evening meal, often to accompany drinks. Spanish
#
\Htap dance\h
a style of dancing in which metal heel and toe plates are attached to the shoes to enable the steps and rhythms to be beaten loudly. \Btap-dance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, \Btap-dancer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htape\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow strip of fabric, paper, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i a plastic ribbon coated with a magnetic substance and used to record sounds. Short form of \Bmagnetic tape\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a string, etc. stretched across the finishing line in a race and broken by the winning contestant.
\Btape\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to tie up or bind with tape.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tape-record or video-tape.
#
\Htape deck\h
short form is \Bdeck\j\b\i
the part of a tape-recorder containing the motors, spindles and all the circuitry except the amplifiers and speakers.
#
\Htape machine\h
an old telegraphic instrument that printed share prices, etc., directly onto a tape.
#
\Htaper\h
\Pverb\p to make or become gradually narrower at one end: 'the blade \Itapered\j\b\i to a sharp point'.
\Btaper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a long wick covered with wax, used to light candles or gas. b) a slender candle.
\CX12.\j\b\i a gradual lessening of thickness, size, etc. \Btaperingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htape-recorder\h
\Pnoun\p a device, using magnetic tape wound from one spool to another, to record and reproduce sound. \Btape-recording\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a magnetic tape on which sound has been recorded; \Btape-record\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htapestry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tapp\j\b\ia-stree \Pnoun\p a fabric on which coloured threads are woven or stitched by hand to make a design, used as wall-hangings, etc.
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\Htapeworm\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of long, flat worms living as parasites in the intestine of some mammals, including humans.
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\Htapioca\h
\Isay\j\b\i tappi-\CX1o\j\b\i-ka \Pnoun\p a granular substance made by drying cassava starch, used in puddings and soups.
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\Htapir\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tay\j\b\i-pa \Pnoun\p a large, pig-like mammal, with short legs and a long fleshy nose, found in South America and south-eastern Asia.
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\Htappet\h
\Pnoun\p a projecting part in a machine or engine which regularly comes into contact with another part, from or to which movement is passed.
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\Htaproot\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the main root of a plant, which gives off lateral roots: 'a carrot is a \Itaproot\j\b\i'.
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\Htar (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various dark, viscid substances obtained from the distillation of coal, wood, etc.
\Btar\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btarred\j\b\i, \Btarring\j\b\i)
to smear or cover with tar.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btar and feather\j\b\i, to smear a person with tar and feathers as a form of punishment or ridicule.
\Btarred with the same brush\j\b\i, having the same faults.
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\Htar (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a sailor. short form of \Itarpaulin\j\b\i
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\Htarantella\h
\Isay\j\b\i tarren-\CX1tell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a) a fast Italian dance usually for two people. b) the music for such a dance. the dance was formerly believed to be a remedy for the bite of a \Itarantula\j\b\i
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\Htarantula\h
\Isay\j\b\i ta-\CX1rant\j\b\i-yoola \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large, hairy, poisonous spider found in southern Europe and America.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the huntsman spider.
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\Htardy\h
\Padjective\p late or slow. \Btardily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btardiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htare (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i tair \Pnoun\p the weight of a container, motor vehicle, etc. without its load or contents. Compare \Jgross\j\b\i and \Bpayload\j\b\i.
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\Htare (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i tair \Pnoun\p a weed.
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\Htarget\h
\Pnoun\p something which is aimed at, such as the object marked with circles or numbers in archery, a particular output of manufactured goods, etc.
\Btarget\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to take aim: 'the shop will \Itarget\j\b\i overseas visitors'.
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\Htariff\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a list of customs duties imposed by a government, especially on imported goods. b) a customs duty.
\CX12.\j\b\i any list of prices or charges: 'a hotel \Itariff\j\b\i'. \Btariff\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to fix a duty or price on. Arabic \Itarif\j\b\i notification
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\Htarmac\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tar\j\b\i-mak \Pnoun\p short form of \Btarmacadam\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i asphalt.
\CX12.\j\b\i a road, airport runway etc. made of asphalt.
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\Htarn\h
\Pnoun\p a small mountain lake.
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\Htarnish\h
\Pverb\p to dull or discolour, especially a metal surface by oxidation.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the crime \Itarnished\j\b\i the school's reputation' (= spoilt). \Btarnish\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htaro\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tar\j\b\i-ro \Pnoun\p a tropical, edible root vegetable.
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\Htarot\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i barrow \Pnoun\p any of the 78 cards of the tarot pack, used to predict future events.
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\Htarpaulin\h
\Isay\j\b\i tar-\CX1paw\j\b\ilin \Pnoun\p a large piece of canvas or other waterproof fabric used as a protective covering.
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\Htarragon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tarr\j\b\ia-gon \Pnoun\p also called \Bestragon\j\b\i
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tah\j\b\i-ree \Padjective\p like or smeared with tar.
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\Htarsal bone\h
See \Jankle\j\b\i.
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\Htarsier\h
\Pnoun\p a very small, monkey-like primate with large round eyes, found in Indonesia, etc.
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\Htarsus\h
\Pnoun\p the group of bones which join the leg to the foot.
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\Htart (1)\h
\Padjective\p sharp or sour in taste.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Itart\j\b\i reply brought tears to my eyes' (= bitter, cutting). \Btartly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btartness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htart (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sweet pie, especially one without a top crust.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i), a) a promiscuous person, especially a woman. b) a woman, especially cheaply or flashily dressed.
\Btart\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Btart up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to decorate or make attractive, especially cheaply.
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\Htartan\h
\Pnoun\p a worsted or woollen, woven fabric with checks of different colours and sizes, originally worn as the distinctive design of clans in Scotland.
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\Htartar (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tar\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hard substance such as calcium phosphate, etc., deposited on the teeth from the saliva.
\CX12.\j\b\i a deposit, potassium bicarbonate, from wines. \Btartaric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tar-\CX1tarr\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htartar (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tar\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) a savage or cruel person. after the \ITartars\j\b\i, the Mongolian tribes who conquered Asia and eastern Europe under Genghis Khan in the Middle Ages
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\Htask\h
\Isay\j\b\i tahsk \Pnoun\p any piece of work, especially a difficult one.
\Btake to task\j\b\i, to blame or reprimand. \Btask\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to strain or overburden.
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\Htask force\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a temporary joining of battalions or units under one commander for a particular operation.
\CX12.\j\b\i any team or group formed for a particular task.
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\Htaskmaster\h
\Pnoun\p a person who assigns work, especially hard or heavy work, to others.
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\HTasmanian devil\h
a thick-set, flesh-eating Australian marsupial about 60 cm long, having a black coat with white markings.
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\HTasmanian tiger\h
also called a \BTasmanian wolf\j\b\i or \Bthylacine\j\b\i
a large, flesh-eating, dog-like, Australian marsupial, about 50 cm high at the shoulder and with several dark stripes across the back and upper tail.
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\Htassel\h
\Pnoun\p a knot of threads or cords with the ends left hanging, used for decoration.
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\Htaste\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the sensation produced when food, etc. is put in the mouth or on the tongue. b) the sense by which this is perceived.
\CX12.\j\b\i a discernment or understanding of what is excellent or appropriate, as in art, dress, manners, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'do have a \Itaste\j\b\i of this delicious soup' (= small amount, mouthful).
b) 'she developed quite a \Itaste\j\b\i for garlic while in France' (= liking, preference).
c) 'these warm spring days are just a \Itaste\j\b\i of our summer weather' (= sample).
\Btaste\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to experience a taste: 'can you \Itaste\j\b\i caraway in the biscuits?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Itaste\j\b\i the wine and see if you like it' (= try, have some of).
b) 'she \Itasted\j\b\i success with her first novel' (= experienced). \Btasty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having a pleasing or full taste; \Btastiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btasteful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing good taste, judgement or discernment; \Btastefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btastefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btasteless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having little or no taste, b) showing a lack of good taste; \Btastelessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btastelessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btaster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tastes, especially one who samples wine, etc. for quality.
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\Htastebud\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of numerous small structures inside the mouth, particularly on the tongue, which together form the organ of taste.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any torn clothes. \Btattered\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, torn or made up of tatters.
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\Htatting\h
\Pnoun\p handmade lace made by knotting cotton or linen thread with a shuttle. \Btat\j\b\i (\Btatted\j\b\i, \Btatting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htattle\h
\Pverb\p to gossip or reveal secrets. \Btattle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btattler\j\b\i, \Btattletale\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a telltale.
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\Htattoo (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a permanent design put on the body by pricking the skin and marking it with dyes. \Btattoo\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btattooist\j\b\i, \Btattooer\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Polynesian
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\Htattoo (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bl\j\b\i. a rhythmic beating, tapping, etc., such as drum taps signalling troops to retire to their quarters in the evening.
\CX12.\j\b\i a public military display, usually outdoors. \Btattoo\j\b\i (\Btattooed\j\b\i, \Btattooing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Dutch \Itaptoe\j\b\i close the tap (of beer casks)
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\Htatty\h
\Padjective\p shabby or tattered: 'please don't wear that \Itatty\j\b\i old coat'. \Btattiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htaught\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bteach\j\b\i.
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\Htaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1taw\j\b\int \Pverb\p to provoke or try to anger by insult, mockery, etc. \Btaunt\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a taunting remark or action. French \Itant pour tant\j\b\i tit for tat
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\Htaupe\h
\Isay\j\b\i torp \Pnoun\p a brownish-grey colour.
#
\HTaurus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1taw\j\b\i-rus \Pnoun\p also called the \BBull\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the second sign of the zodiac. Latin
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\Htaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i tawt \Padjective\p tightly pulled or strained: 'the rope was so \Itaut\j\b\i that it almost snapped'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Itaut\j\b\i with anxiety' (= on edge). \Btautly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btautness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btauten\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become tightly stretched.
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\Htautology\h
\Isay\j\b\i taw-\CX1toll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the needless use or repetition of a word or idea in a sentence. \Btautological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tawta-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Itautos\j\b\i the same + \Ilogos\j\b\i word
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\Htavern\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where alcohol is served to be drunk on the premises.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iformerly\j\b\i) a public inn providing accommodation, etc. for travellers.
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\Htaw\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a marker used in hopscotch.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a large marble. b) a game of marbles.
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\Htawdry\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1taw\j\b\i-dree \Padjective\p cheap and gaudy. \Btawdrily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btawdriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htawny\h
\Pnoun\p a yellowish-brown colour. \Btawny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htax\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sum of money claimed by a government for its support and paid by citizens on income and property (called \Bdirect tax\j\b\i), or on purchases (called \Bindirect tax\j\b\i).
\CX12.\j\b\i a burden or oppressive strain: 'the heating bills were a \Itax\j\b\i on the family's resources'.
\Btax\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to claim tax from.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the race \Itaxed\j\b\i his strength' (= made great demands on).
b) 'he \Itaxed\j\b\i the team for its laziness' (= reprimanded, accused).
a) a system of taxes. b) the amount of tax paid or received. \Btaxable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, subject to tax.
#
\Htaxi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tak\j\b\i-see \Pnoun\p short form of \Btaxicab\j\b\i
also called a \Bcab\j\b\i
a car which may be hired with its driver, usually fitted with a device (called a \Btaximeter\j\b\i) which calculates and indicates the fare due.
\Btaxi truck\j\b\i
a van or truck which may be hired with its driver to carry parcels, large objects, etc.
\Btaxi\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btaxied\j\b\i, \Btaxiing\j\b\i)
(of an aeroplane) to move slowly along the ground, as before take-off or after landing.
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\Htaxidermy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tak\j\b\isi-dermi \Pnoun\p the art of preserving and stuffing animal skins. \Btaxidermist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htaxonomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i tak-\CX1sonn\j\b\ia-mee \Pnoun\p a process or system of classification. \Btaxonomic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i takso-\CX1nomm\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Itaxis\j\b\i arrangement + \Inomos\j\b\i law
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\HT-bar\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jski-lift\j\b\i.
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\HT-bone\h
\Pnoun\p a cut of beef from the loin of the animal, containing a T-shaped bone.
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\Hte\h
\Isay\j\b\i tee \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jdoh\j\b\i.
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\Htea\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the dried leaves of an Asian shrub. b) a drink made from these leaves brewed in water.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar drink made by brewing: a) 'herbal \Itea\j\b\i'; b) 'beef \Itea\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i the evening meal. Chinese \Ich'a\j\b\i
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\Htea bag\h
a small paper or cloth packet containing tea-leaves, placed in boiling water to make tea.
#
\Htea-break\h
\Pnoun\p a rest from work to have tea, coffee, etc, usually in the middle of the morning or afternoon.
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\Hteach\h
\Pverb\p (\Btaught\j\b\i, \Bteaching\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to impart knowledge by lessons: 'he \Iteaches\j\b\i a class of 50 pupils'. b) to communicate the knowledge of: 'he \Iteaches\j\b\i maths'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to train by practice or exercise: 'to \Iteach\j\b\i a horse to jump hurdles'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that will \Iteach\j\b\i you not to be so reckless again!' (= cause to learn by experience). \Bteacher\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who teaches or instructs, especially one trained to do so in a school, etc.; \Bteaching\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the work or profession of a teacher, b) something which is taught.
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\Htea-chest\h
\Pnoun\p a large, wooden box in which tea is stored or carried.
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\Hteach-in\h
\Pnoun\p a long public debate or discussion at which different points of view are given on current topics.
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\Hteaching hospital\h
a hospital in which medical students and nurses are trained, usually associated with the medical school of a university.
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\Hteacloth\h
\Pnoun\p a tea-towel.
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\Hteacup\h
\Pnoun\p a small cup for drinking tea or used for measuring quantities.
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\Hteak\h
\Pnoun\p a large, Asian tree with hard, durable wood which is used for shipbuilding and making furniture.
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\Hteal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various small, freshwater ducks.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dark greenish-blue colour. \Bteal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hteam\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an organised group of people doing something together, especially playing sport against another such group: 'a football \Iteam\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i two or more animals harnessed together to pull a plough, etc.
\Bteam\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bteam up\j\b\i, to work together. \Bteam-mate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person belonging to the same team as another.
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\Hteamster\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a truckdriver.
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\Hteamwork\h
\Pnoun\p any combined effort or organised cooperation between a group of people.
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\Hteapot\h
\Pnoun\p a round pot, usually porcelain or enamel, with a spout, lid and handle, and in which tea is made or served.
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\Htear (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i teer \Pnoun\p short form of \Bteardrop\j\b\i
a drop of salty fluid produced in the lachrymal glands, moistening the eye and usually released as a result of emotion.
\Bin tears\j\b\i, weeping. \Btearful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) weeping or shedding tears, b) causing tears; \Btearfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btearfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htear (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i tair \Pverb\p (\Btore\j\b\i, \Btorn\j\b\i, \Btearing\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to pull apart with force: 'he \Itore\j\b\i the page in two'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make an opening in by catching or pulling at: 'the branch \Itore\j\b\i her shirt'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Itore\j\b\i the book angrily from his father's hands' (= pulled violently).
b) 'the state has been \Itorn\j\b\i for years by civil violence' (= disturbed).
c) 'we could not \Itear\j\b\i ourselves away' (= remove, drag).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'they \Itore\j\b\i across the road to the bus-stop' (= raced, rushed).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btear down\j\b\i, to destroy or demolish.
\Btear into\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to attack without restraint.
\Btear strips off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise harshly.
\Btear up\j\b\i, to pull into pieces.
\Btorn between\j\b\i, unable to choose between. \Btear\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of tearing, b) an opening caused by pulling apart.
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\Htearaway\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tair\j\b\ia-way \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that is wildly uncontrollable.
#
\Htear gas\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1teer\j\b\i gas any substance that strongly irritates and brings tears to the eyes, usually distributed as vapour or smoke.
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\Htearing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tair\j\b\i-ing \Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) violent or headlong: 'a \Itearing\j\b\i hurry'.
#
\Htear-jerker\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1teer\j\b\i-jerker \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a film, play, story, etc. which is very sentimental.
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\Htearoom\h
\Pnoun\p a shop or restaurant where tea, etc. is served.
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\Htease\h
\Isay\j\b\i teez \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to annoy, make fun of or raise the hopes of in a playful manner.
\CX12.\j\b\i to raise the nap of fabrics.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBeauty:\j\b\i to fluff up hair by combing it towards the roots. Also called to \Bbackcomb\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i to separate fibres, e.g. in tissues for examination or in combing wool, flax, etc.
\Btease\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that teases, puzzles or annoys. Also called a \Bteaser\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of teasing. \Bteasingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hteasel\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tee\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bteazel\j\b\i
a Northern Hemisphere plant with prickly leaves, stems and seed-pods formerly used to raise the nap of fabrics.
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\Htea-set\h
\Pnoun\p the cups, saucers, plates, etc., usually with a matching pattern, used for serving tea.
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\Hteaspoon\h
\Pnoun\p a small oval-shaped spoon used for stirring tea, coffee, etc. and measuring quantities.
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\Hteat\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a nipple.
\CX12.\j\b\i the nipple-shaped mouthpiece of a baby's bottle.
#
\Htea-towel\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bteacloth\j\b\i
a piece of cloth for drying dishes.
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\Htea-tree\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmelaleuca\j\b\i and \Bleptospermum\j\b\i.
#
\Htea-trolley\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Btea-wagon\j\b\i
a small table on wheels used for serving tea, etc.
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\Htech\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a technical college or technical school.
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\Htechnetium\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1nee\j\b\ishium \Pnoun\p element number 43, a radioactive metal, the first element to be artificially made, formed as a fission product of uranium. See \Jtransition\j\b\i \Belement\j\b\i. Greek \Itekhnetos\j\b\i artificial
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\Htechnical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tek\j\b\ini-k'l \Padjective\p relating or belonging to technology or a particular trade, science, etc.: 'building is a \Itechnical\j\b\i skill'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'our company provides \Itechnical\j\b\i advisers for all your queries' (= having specialised skill or knowledge, especially scientific or mechanical).
b) 'your argument is based on a purely \Itechnical\j\b\i distinction' (= formal, theoretical).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that's getting a bit \Itechnical\j\b\i' (= hard to understand). \Btechnically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Iteknikos\j\b\i skilful, skilled
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\Htechnical college\h
a tertiary educational institution which provides courses in technology, commerce, art, etc.
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\Htechnicality\h
\Isay\j\b\i tekni-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being technical.
\CX12.\j\b\i a petty distinction, especially one based only on theory.
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\Htechnical knockout\h
\IBoxing:\j\b\i a victory based on the referee's decision to stop the fight because one boxer is considered unable to continue.
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\Htechnical school\h
a secondary school, which provides courses in technology, trades, etc.
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\Htechnician\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1nish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a person skilled in a particular process or method, especially one requiring special mechanical or scientific training.
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\HTechnicolor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tek\j\b\ini-kulla \Pnoun\p a process of making colour films by superimposing the three primary colours to produce a final colour print. a trademark
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\Htechnique\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1neek\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the particular method or procedure for doing something: 'the champion has an unusual swimming \Itechnique\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young pianist's \Itechnique\j\b\i was perfect' (= skill).
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\Htechno-\h
a prefix meaning of or relating to advanced technologies, as in \Itechnofear\j\b\i.
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\Htechnocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1nok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p a government or social system based on the organisation of industry, etc. by technical experts. \Btechnocrat\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tek\j\b\ina-krat), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a member or supporter of a technocracy, b) a person who believes that problems, etc. should be solved scientifically.
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\Htechnofear\h
\Pnoun\p an anxiety about the developments and concepts of high technology and their possibly harmful effects.
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\Htechnology\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of the application of science and scientific knowledge, especially to industry. \Btechnological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tekna-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or resulting from science or technology; \Btechnologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Greek \ItekhnΘ\j\b\i art + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Htectonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i tek-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IGeology:\j\b\i of or relating to the structures of the earth's crust and the forces which cause it to move.
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\Hteddy\h
\Pnoun\p \IDress:\j\b\i an item of female underwear which combines underpants and a top.
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\Hteddy bear\h
a stuffed toy bear. \Bteddy bear\j\b\i was named after American President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), whose nickname was \ITeddy\j\b\i. He was a keen bear hunter and after a story about him sparing the life of a cub in Mississippi appeared in the press and in cartoons, a manufacturer began making stuffed toy bears which were called \Iteddy bears\j\b\i.
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\Htedious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tee\j\b\idi-us \Padjective\p tiresome or uninteresting, especially if long: 'a \Itedious\j\b\i speech'. \Btediously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btediousness\j\b\i, \Btedium\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tee\j\b\idi-um), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Htee\h
\Pnoun\p \IGolf:\j\b\i a) a level area of ground from which the player first hits the ball for each hole. b) a wooden or plastic peg on which the ball is placed for the first stroke.
\Btee\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bteed\j\b\i, \Bteeing\j\b\i)
to place the ball on a tee.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btee off\j\b\i, a) to hit a golf ball from the tee; b) to start.
\Btee up\j\b\i, a) to place a golf ball on the tee; b) 'we must \Itee up\j\b\i a party' (= arrange, organise).
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\Hteem\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to rain heavily.
\CX12.\j\b\i to swarm or be full: 'the playground \Iteemed\j\b\i with shouting children'.
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\Hteenager\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is over 12 but less than 20 years old. \Bteenage\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bteens\j\b\i, \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, the years of being a teenager.
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\Hteeny\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) tiny.
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\Hteenybopper\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a young teenager who is particularly enthusiastic about pop music and its musicians.
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\Hteepee\h
\Pnoun\p a tepee.
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\Htee-shirt\h
\Pnoun\p a T-shirt.
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\Hteeter\h
\Pverb\p to totter or wobble: 'the glass \Iteetered\j\b\i on the very edge of the table'. \Bteeter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hteeth\h
plural \Pnoun\p See \Jtooth\j\b\i.
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\Hteething\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tee\j\b\i\Ith\j\b\iing \Pnoun\p the process of teeth emerging from the gums.
\Bteething problems\j\b\i, problems in the initial stages of a project, etc. \Bteethe\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tee\Ith\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to develop teeth.
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\Hteething ring\h
a hard, circular disc on which babies may bite to comfort their gums, etc. during teething.
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\Hteetotaller\h
\Pnoun\p a person who abstains completely from alcoholic drinks. \Bteetotal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HTeflon\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a tough, waxy plastic, used in bearings and in articles requiring a non-adhesive chemically resistant surface, such as 'non-stick' frying pans. a trademark
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\Htektite\h
\Pnoun\p a variety of small, glassy meteorite. Greek \Itektos\j\b\i molten
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\Htelecast\h
\Pnoun\p any television broadcast. \Btelecast\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htelecommunication\h
\Isay\j\b\i telli-ko-mewni-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) the science or technology of communicating signals, pictures, text and sound by wire, fibre optic cable or radio.
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\Htelecommuting\h
\Pnoun\p the act of working from home by communicating with an office through the use of a computer and peripherals such as a modem and a fax machine.
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\Hteleconference\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bvideo conference\j\b\i
a meeting of people from geographically separate areas connected by means of computers and communications devices.
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\Htelegenic\h
\Isay\j\b\i tell-ee-\CX1jenn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p having physical features which appear to advantage on television.
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\Htelegram\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-gram \Pnoun\p also called a \Bcable\j\b\i or a \Bwire\j\b\i
a message sent by telegraph.
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\Htelegraph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-grahf \Pnoun\p a) a method, device or system for sending messages from a transmitter to a receiver, usually along electrical wires. b) a telegram. \Btelegraph\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to send a message by telegraph; \Btelegraphy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tel-\CX1eg\j\b\ira-fee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the process of communicating by telegraph; \Btelegraphist\j\b\i, \Btelegrapher\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i; \Btelegraphic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i telli-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btelegraphically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htelekinesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i telli-kie-\CX1nee\j\b\isis \Pnoun\p the apparent movement of objects without physical means, as in levitation.
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\Htelemeter\h
\Isay\j\b\i tee-\CX1lemm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p any device for recording information about something distant, such as the instruments on a space capsule which transmit measurements by radio from space back to earth.
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\Hteleology\h
\Isay\j\b\i telli-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the belief that events occur because they have a particular purpose. \Bteleological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tellio-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htelepathy\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1lepp\j\b\ia-thee \Pnoun\p short form of \Bmental telepathy\j\b\i
also called \Bmind-reading\j\b\i
the communication of one person's thoughts to another, without using normal methods of communication. Greek \ItelΘ\j\b\i afar + \Ipathos\j\b\i feeling
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\Htelephone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-fone \Pnoun\p a) an apparatus for sending or receiving voice messages by electrical means. b) the method or system of doing this.
\Btelephone\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to speak to or contact by telephone. b) to send by telephone. Greek \ItelΘ\j\b\i afar + \IphonΘ\j\b\i a sound
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\Htelephone box\h
also called a \Bcallbox\j\b\i
an upright structure containing a public telephone.
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\Htelephonist\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1leff\j\b\ia-nist \Pnoun\p a person who operates a telephone switchboard.
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\Htelephoto lens\h
\Isay\j\b\i telli-\CX1fo\j\b\ito lenz \IPhotography:\j\b\i a magnifying lens with a narrow viewing angle like a telescope, used for photographing distant objects.
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\Hteleprinter\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-printa \Pnoun\p an old device similar to a typewriter, which sends or receives messages by electric signals.
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\Htelesales\h
\Pnoun\p the activity of selling products or services via such communications media as television or telephone. \Btelesalesperson\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htelescope\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-skope \Pnoun\p an instrument making distant objects appear nearer and larger.
\Btelescope\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to slide together so that one part fits inside another, as in a small telescope.
\CX12.\j\b\i to condense or shorten: 'the survey \Itelescopes\j\b\i her life's work into a few pages'. \Btelescopic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i telli-\CX1skopp\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hteletext\h
\Pnoun\p (of telecommunications) a) any information service that transmits data, as part of a standard broadcasting signal, which can be decoded and read as text on a television screen. b) the text itself. Compare \Jvideotext\j\b\i.
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\Htelethon\h
\Pnoun\p a television programme to raise money for charity, where viewers telephone the comperes to pledge donations.
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\Htelevise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-vize \Pverb\p to make, send or receive pictures by television. Greek \ItelΘ\j\b\i afar + Latin \Ivisus\j\b\i seen
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\Htelevision\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tell\j\b\ii-vi\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p short form is \BTV\j\b\i
a) the use of cables or radio to send motion pictures to a place where they are reproduced by a receiver. b) an apparatus for receiving these pictures.
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\Htelex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tel\j\b\i-eks \Pnoun\p a) a teleprinter. b) a message received by a teleprinter. \Btel\j\b\i(eprinter) + \Bex\j\b\i(change)
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\Htell\h
\Pverb\p (\Btold\j\b\i, \Btelling\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make known or give information, especially by speaking: a) '\Itell\j\b\i me your name'; b) 'she \Itold\j\b\i me the news'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to utter: 'don't \Itell\j\b\i lies'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an old word meaning to count: 'to \Itell\j\b\i one's rosary beads'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'can you \Itell\j\b\i the twins apart?' (= distinguish).
b) 'how can you \Itell\j\b\i for certain?' (= know).
c) 'I \Itold\j\b\i you to be quiet' (= ordered).
d) 'the effort was \Itelling\j\b\i on her health' (= having a bad effect).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball told\j\b\i, in all, in total.
\Btell off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to scold severely.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a particular state of mind: 'a good \Itemper\j\b\i'. b) composure of mind: 'he lost his \Itemper\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's always in a \Itemper\j\b\i' (= angry mood).
\CX12.\j\b\i a degree of hardness or elasticity of steel.
\Btemper\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to soften or modify: '\Itemper\j\b\i your rashness with common sense'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMetallurgy:\j\b\i to heat and then cool steel quickly to bring it to the proper degree of hardness.
\Btempered\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having a certain kind of temper: 'an \Ieven-tempered\j\b\i child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of steel) having undergone tempering.
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\Htempera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ipera \Pnoun\p a) a fast-drying paint, originally mixed with egg yolk, but now mixed with other, similar substances. b) a painting done in tempera.
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\Htemperament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ipra-m'nt \Pnoun\p the emotional nature of a person: 'the shy boy had a nervous \Itemperament\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that actress is a woman of \Itemperament\j\b\i' (= unrestrained or passionate behaviour).
a) having quickly changing moods, ideas, etc. b) easily upset. \Btemperamentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htemperance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a moderation or self-control in speech and behaviour.
\CX12.\j\b\i a total abstinence from alcoholic drink.
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\Htemperate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ip-rit \Padjective\p moderate: 'the \Itemperate\j\b\i climate was neither too hot or too cold'. \Btemperately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btemperateness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itemperatus\j\b\i kept within due measure
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\Htemperate zone\h
any area of the earth between the tropics and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, having a clearly defined winter and summer.
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\Htemperature\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ipri-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness.
\CX12.\j\b\i an excessive degree of heat in the body: 'she's in bed with a \Itemperature\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the fundamental quantity describing the average velocity of particles in a body of matter, expressed in kelvin.
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\Htempered\h
\Padjective\p See \Jtemper\j\b\i.
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\Htempest\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ipest \Pnoun\p a violent storm.
violent, stormy or turbulent: a) '\Itempestuous\j\b\i weather'; b) 'a \Itempestuous\j\b\i period of history'. \Btempestuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btempestuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htemplate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\iplet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a thin plate of card, metal, etc. used as a guide or gauge in patchwork, mechanical work, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a pattern or form that is used in a software program to identify or simplify a task and which is often activated by pressing a key or combination of keys simultaneously. For example, a template in a spreadsheet might contain formulae, labels, headings, titles, but no real data.
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\Htemple (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a building used for worship. b) a building in which it is believed a god or divine presence resides.
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\Htemple (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the area on the side of the head, just next to the eye.
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\Htempo\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btempos\j\b\i or \Btempi\j\b\i
speed or pace: 'play the music at a brisk \Itempo\j\b\i'. Latin \Itempus\j\b\i time
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\Htemporal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tem\j\b\ipa-r'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the present, physical world as distinct from eternal or spiritual things.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or relating to time. \Btemporally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htemporal bone\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two bones just above the ears, forming the side of the skull.
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\Htemporary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1temp\j\b\iera-ree \Padjective\p intended or lasting for a short time only: 'she sought a \Itemporary\j\b\i job for the summer'. \Btemporarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btemporariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btemporary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a person in a temporary job.
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\Htemporise\h
\Pverb\p temporize to be indecisive or evasive in order to delay and gain time.
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\Htempt\h
\Pverb\p to persuade or try to persuade someone to do something regarded as against one's right or proper judgement.
a) the act of tempting. b) the state of being tempted: 'I yielded to \Itemptation\j\b\i'. c) something which tempts or attracts: 'the money was too great a \Itemptation\j\b\i to resist'. \Btempter\j\b\i, \Btemptress\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who tempts, especially to do wrong. Latin \Itemptare\j\b\i to test by probing
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\Hten\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 10 in Arabic numerals, X in Roman numerals. \Bten\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btenth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htenable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tenn\j\b\ia-b'l \Padjective\p able to be held or maintained: a) 'the job is \Itenable\j\b\i for 12 months'; b) 'new evidence makes your theory less \Itenable\j\b\i'. \Btenably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btenability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tenna-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. French \Itenir\j\b\i to hold
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\Htenacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1nay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p sticking or holding on firmly and persistently: 'he's so \Itenacious\j\b\i in his beliefs that he refuses to listen to anyone else'. \Btenaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btenacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1nass\j\b\ii-tee), \Btenaciousness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Itenax\j\b\i holding fast
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\Htenant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tenn\j\b\iunt \Pnoun\p a person who rents a house, land, etc. from the owner.
a) the holding or use of property as a tenant. b) the period of a tenant's occupancy.
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\Htench\h
\Pnoun\p a European freshwater fish, resembling the carp.
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\Htend (1)\h
\Pverb\p to have a favourable attitude or bias towards: a) 'I \Itend\j\b\i to agree with you'; b) 'she \Itends\j\b\i to swear when angry'; c) 'the government \Itended\j\b\i towards socialism'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'quietness \Itends\j\b\i towards peace of mind' (= helps produce).
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\Htend (2)\h
\Pverb\p to mind or attend to.
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\Htendency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\i-d'n-see \Pnoun\p a movement, leaning or bias towards: 'she has a \Itendency\j\b\i to swear when angry'.
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\Htendentious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ten-\CX1den\j\b\ishus \Padjective\p a) having a definite bias or underlying purpose. b) not impartial. \Btendentiously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btendentiousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htender (1)\h
\Padjective\p not hard or tough: '\Itender\j\b\i meat'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the injury is still quite \Itender\j\b\i' (= painful, sensitive).
b) 'a child of \Itender\j\b\i years' (= young).
c) 'she gave him a \Itender\j\b\i smile' (= gentle, affectionate). \Btenderly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btenderness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htender (2)\h
\Pverb\p to offer or present: 'I \Itendered\j\b\i my resignation'.
\Btender\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an offer, especially one to provide goods or services, which includes detailed estimates of the total cost: 'we called for \Itenders\j\b\i to build the bridge'.
\Blegal tender\j\b\i, banknotes and coins which may legally be offered as payment for a debt and must be accepted.
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\Htender (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who looks after or tends: 'a \Ibartender\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which attends or supplies, such as a small wagon carrying fuel and water for a locomotive.
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\Htenderfoot\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an inexperienced person.
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\Htender-hearted\h
\Padjective\p easily moved to pity or sympathy. \Btender-heartedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htenderise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\ida-rize \Pverb\p tenderize to beat or add chemicals to meat to make it tender.
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\Htenderness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtender (1)\j\b\i.
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\Htendon\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bsinew\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a dense cord of tissue joining a muscle to a bone.
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\Htendril\h
\Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i a slender specialised leaf or stem used by climbing plants to attach themselves to a support.
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\Htenement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tenn\j\b\ia-m'nt \Pnoun\p a) a large house or building divided into flats. b) any house or building.
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\Htenet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tenn\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p a belief, principle or doctrine.
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\Htenner\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a ten-dollar or ten-pound note.
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\Htennis\h
\Pnoun\p a ball game for two or four people played on a court divided by a central net over which the ball is hit with racquets. See \Jlawn tennis\j\b\i and \Breal tennis\j\b\i. Old French \Itenez!\j\b\i receive!
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\Htennis elbow\h
a pain in the elbow joint due to excessive or unaccustomed movement of the arm or wrist, as in playing tennis.
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\Htenon\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmortise\j\b\i.
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\Htenon saw\h
a short saw used for cutting accurate angles for joints, etc.
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\Htenor\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the general sense or meaning: 'don't report the whole speech - just give us the \Itenor\j\b\i of it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the adult male singing voice between countertenor and baritone. b) any instrument having this range.
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\Htenosynovitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i ten-o-sigh-no-\CX1vie\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a type of repetition strain injury which involves the inflammation of a tendon sheath.
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\Htenpin bowling\h
a game in which a ball is rolled along a long alleyway in an attempt to knock over the bottle-shaped objects, called \Btenpins\j\b\i or \Bpins\j\b\i, arranged in a group at the other end.
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\Htense (1)\h
\Padjective\p tightly stretched or strained.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Itense\j\b\i for days before the job interview' (= in a state of nervous strain). \Btense\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become stiff or tense; \Btensely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btenseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itensus\j\b\i stretched
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\Htense (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i the change of form in a \Pverb\p, expressing the time during which the action takes place. In English there are three simple tenses: a) \Bpresent\j\b\i, as in \II go\j\b\i; b) \Bpast\j\b\i, as in \II went\j\b\i; c) \Bfuture\j\b\i, as in \II shall go\j\b\i. Latin \Itempus\j\b\i time
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\Htensile\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to tension.
\CX12.\j\b\i capable of being stretched.
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\Htensile strength\h
the force needed to stretch a body along its length until it breaks.
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\Htension\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the state or degree of being tense: 'the \Itension\j\b\i of a guitar string'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Itensions\j\b\i between us led to angry words' (= strained relations).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a force which tends to stretch a body.
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\Htent\h
\Pnoun\p a shelter, usually made of waterproof canvas or plastic, held up by poles and with the sides pinned to the ground with ropes and pegs.
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\Htentacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\iti-k'l \Pnoun\p a long, flexible outgrowth on an organism, such as on an octopus, used as an organ of touch or attachment.
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\Htentative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\ita-tiv \Padjective\p provisional or experimental: 'the agreement is only \Itentative\j\b\i since he may change his mind'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the baby took a few \Itentative\j\b\i steps' (= hesitant). \Btentatively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btentativeness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htenterhooks\h
plural \Pnoun\p \Bon tenterhooks\j\b\i, in a state of anxious suspense. from \Itenter\j\b\i, a frame on which fabric is stretched on hooks to dry
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\Htenuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\i-yewus \Padjective\p weak or flimsy: 'the old man only had a \Itenuous\j\b\i hold on life'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the spider spun a \Itenuous\j\b\i web' (= delicate). \Btenuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btenuity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ten-\CX1yoo\j\b\i-a-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itenuis\j\b\i thin
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\Htenure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ten\j\b\i-yoor \Pnoun\p the holding or possession of something: a) 'the \Itenure\j\b\i of office of treasurer is 12 months'; b) 'she signed the lease and now has \Itenure\j\b\i of the house'. Latin \Itenere\j\b\i to hold
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\Htepee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tee\j\b\ipee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bteepee\j\b\i
a tent usually of animal hides on a conical frame used by Native Americans.
\Isay\j\b\i tep-an \CX1yar\j\b\i-kee \ICooking:\j\b\i a style of cooking in which meat or chicken is grilled on a hot metal plate. Japanese
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\Htequila\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1kee\j\b\ila \Pnoun\p a Mexican alcoholic drink made from a cactus-like plant.
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\Htera-\h
a prefix used for SI units meaning one million million (10{\up6 12\j\b\i). Greek \Iteras\j\b\i monster
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\Hterbium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 65, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Htercentenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i ter-sen-\CX1tee\j\b\ina-ree \Pnoun\p a) a period of 300 years. b) a 300th anniversary. \Btercentennial\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hterm\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any fixed or definite period of time: a) 'they all served a \Iterm\j\b\i of imprisonment'; b) 'the school year is divided into three \Iterms\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a condition: 'the treaty was signed when its \Iterms\j\b\i were finally agreed on'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she's on excellent \Iterms\j\b\i with her neighbours' (= relations, standing).
\CX13.\j\b\i a word or phrase: a) 'legal \Iterms\j\b\i are sometimes hard to understand'; b) 'he speaks of you in warm \Iterms\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcome to terms\j\b\i, a) to reach agreement; b) to become accustomed.
\Bin terms of\j\b\i, as expressed by, in the language of.
\Bon terms\j\b\i, he bought the fridge \Ion terms\j\b\i' (= by paying instalments).
\Bterms of trade\j\b\i, the purchasing power of exports in terms of imports.
\Bterm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to name or call: 'I'd \Iterm\j\b\i your behaviour sheer vandalism'.
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\Htermagant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ima-gant \Pnoun\p (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a brawling, shrewish woman.
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\Hterminable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\imina-b'l \Padjective\p able to be terminated.
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\Hterminal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a building at a bus terminus, airport, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i either of the points at which electric current enters or leaves an electrical device.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i any point in a computer system at which data enters or leaves.
\Bterminal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of, situated or occurring at the end: 'the twig had small \Iterminal\j\b\i buds'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the patient had a \Iterminal\j\b\i disease' (= fatal).
a) the act of ending: 'your \Itermination\j\b\i of my contract is unfair'. b) the state of being ended: 'the meeting was brought to a \Itermination\j\b\i'. c) the place where something ends: 'we followed the road to its \Itermination\j\b\i'.
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\Hterminology\h
\Isay\j\b\i termi-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the special words used in a particular field or study.
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\Hterminus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btermini\j\b\i or \Bterminuses\j\b\i
the end of anything, especially either of the ends of a railway line, bus or air route, etc. Latin
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\Htermite\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwhite ant\j\b\i
any of a group of soft-bodied tropical insects, not related to ants, which cause damage to wooden buildings, furniture, etc.
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\Htern\h
\Pnoun\p a seabird related to the gull, having a slender body, long wings, and graceful flight.
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\Hternary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ina-ree \Padjective\p formed from or consisting of three.
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\Hterrace\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1terr\j\b\ius \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a raised level area of land formed artificially or naturally e.g. by a river.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strip of land cut into or built up on a hillside for intensive agriculture, e.g. a rice-terrace.
\CX13.\j\b\i an open, outdoor living area, usually paved, connected to a house.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a row of joined houses. b) any house of such a row.
\CX15.\j\b\i a street, especially one built into the side of a hill. \Bterrace\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to form or provide with a terrace or terraces.
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\Hterracotta\h
\Isay\j\b\i terra-\CX1kott\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a type of pottery, usually reddish in colour and unglazed, fired to low temperatures. b) a small sculpture in this material.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strong, reddish-brown colour. \Bterracotta\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Italian, earth baked
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\Hterra firma\h
\Isay\j\b\i terra \CX1fir\j\b\ima the dry land. Latin, solid earth
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\Hterrain\h
\Isay\j\b\i ter-\CX1rane\j\b\i \Pnoun\p the shape or features of the land surface, especially with regard to its suitability for military purposes.
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\Hterra nullius\h
a belief that before European settlement Australia belonged to no-one and hence that the land occupied by its indigenous people could be legally taken over. Latin \Iterra nullius\j\b\i land of no-one
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\Hterrapin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1terr\j\b\ia-pin \Pnoun\p any of a group of freshwater, edible, North American turtles, often kept as pets. American Indian
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\Hterrarium\h
\Isay\j\b\i ter-\CX1rair\j\b\ii-um \Pnoun\p a small enclosure, often of glass, for keeping live lizards, growing plants, etc. Latin \Iterra\j\b\i earth
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\Hterrazzo\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1raht\j\b\iso \Pnoun\p a floor covering made of small pieces of polished stone set into concrete.
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\Hterrestrial\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1res\j\b\itriul \Padjective\p of or relating to the earth or land.
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\Hterrestrial magnetism\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the magnetic field of the earth, pointing approximately north-south and having the same effect as a powerful magnet at the centre of the earth.
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\Hterrible\h
\Padjective\p causing great fear, shock, distress, discomfort, etc.: 'he died in \Iterrible\j\b\i agony'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my finances are in a \Iterrible\j\b\i state' (= very bad). \Bterribly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, a) in a terrible manner, b) (informal) very. \Bterribly, awfully, horribly\j\b\i. Words such as these are often used loosely without relation to their actual standard meanings. For example, \Iterribly\j\b\i means in a terrible manner so that while 'he is a \Iterribly\j\b\i nice fellow' might be acceptable in casual conversation, this usage of \Iterribly\j\b\i should be avoided in formal writing.
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\Hterrier\h
\Pnoun\p one of various breeds of small dog, originally bred to pursue game into its hole or burrow: 'a \Ifox-terrier\j\b\i'.
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\Hterrific\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1riff\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i terrible or terrifying: 'the \Iterrific\j\b\i cyclone lasted three days'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) very great: 'she drove at a \Iterrific\j\b\i speed'. b) very good: 'the book was really \Iterrific\j\b\i'. \Bterrifically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
to fill with terror or make extremely afraid: 'the sound of thunder \Iterrified\j\b\i the timid lad'.
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\Hterrine\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a) an oblong earthenware dish. b) a kind of food cooked in such a dish.
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\Hterritorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i terri-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p relating to land or territory: 'the peasants demanded their \Iterritorial\j\b\i rights'.
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\Hterritoriality\h
\Isay\j\b\i terri-tawri-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the status or condition of land, especially a territory.
\CX12.\j\b\i the behaviour of an animal in claiming and defending its territory.
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\Hterritorial waters\h
the area of sea around the coast of a country and controlled by it.
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\Hterritory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1terr\j\b\ii-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any land, region or district. b) the land under the control of a state or ruler.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Ioften capital\j\b\i) a region administered by the central government of its own or another country, but having some degree of autonomy.
\CX13.\j\b\i the area which an animal claims as its own and will defend against intruders.
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\Hterror\h
\Pnoun\p intense or extreme fear: 'the trapped animal bristled with \Iterror\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that boy is a real \Iterror\j\b\i' (= great nuisance). Latin
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\Hterrorise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1terr\j\b\ia-rize \Pverb\p terrorize a) to fill with terror. b) to coerce or intimidate by threats, etc.: 'the bandits \Iterrorised\j\b\i the town to obtain supplies'. \Bterrorisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hterrorism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1terra\j\b\i-rizm \Pnoun\p the use of violence or threats to generate fear, especially for political purposes. \Bterrorist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who uses or favours the use of terrorism.
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\Hterror-stricken\h
\Padjective\p terror-struck filled with terror.
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\Hterry\h
\Pnoun\p an uncut loop in the pile of a fabric, e.g. as in towelling.
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\Hterse\h
\Padjective\p short and to the point. \Btersely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bterseness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\IGeology:\j\b\i a geological period which extended from about 65 million years ago to about 1.5 million years ago and contains the \BPliocene\j\b\i, \BMiocene\j\b\i, \BOligocene\j\b\i, \BEocene\j\b\i and \BPalaeocene\j\b\i epochs. Latin
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\Htertiary colour\h
any colour produced by mixing secondary colours, such as brown which may be a mixture of orange and purple. Compare \Jprimary colour\j\b\i.
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\Htertiary education\h
also called \Bhigher education\j\b\i
any education more advanced than that undertaken at school, such as college or university studies.
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\Htertiary industry\h
See \Jindustry\j\b\i.
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\HTerylene\h
\Isay\j\b\i terra-\CX1leen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a synthetic polyester fibre used in clothing, etc. a trademark
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\Htessellated\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tess\j\b\ia-lay-tid \Padjective\p formed from small squares or pieces, as in a mosaic.
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\Htest\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a trial or procedure to determine quality, ability, composition, etc.: a) 'an intelligence \Itest\j\b\i'; b) 'a blood \Itest\j\b\i for disease'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a test match. \Btest\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htestament\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a will.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) either of the collections of books which form the Bible, the \BOld Testament\j\b\i and the \BNew Testament\j\b\i.
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\Htestate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tess\j\b\i-tate \Padjective\p \ILaw:\j\b\i leaving a valid will. Compare \Jintestate\j\b\i.
a) to give evidence: 'the witness \Itestified\j\b\i that she saw the crime'. b) to serve as evidence: 'the murder weapon \Itestifies\j\b\i to your guilt'.
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\Htestimonial\h
\Isay\j\b\i testi-\CX1mo\j\b\i-nee-ul \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a written statement testifying to the quality of someone or something.
\CX12.\j\b\i something done or given as a mark of esteem, appreciation, etc.
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\Htestimony\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1test\j\b\ii-mo-nee \Pnoun\p any statement or evidence, such as that given in a court of law.
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\Htestis\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btestes\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tess\j\b\i-teez)
a testicle. Latin
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\Htest match\h
\ISport:\j\b\i a match between teams representing two countries, especially in cricket.
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\Htestosterone\h
\Isay\j\b\i tess-\CX1tost\j\b\ia-rone \Pnoun\p the hormone made in the testes of animals, producing male characteristics.
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\Htest-pilot\h
\Pnoun\p a pilot who flies newly designed aircraft in order to test their qualities, performance, etc.
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\Htest-tube\h
\Pnoun\p a hollow cylinder of thin glass, closed at one end and used in chemical tests.
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\Htest-tube baby\h
a baby whose conception or part of its development is produced scientifically outside the mother's body.
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\Htesty\h
\Padjective\p irritable or impatient. \Btestily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btestiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htetanus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tet\j\b\i-nus \Pnoun\p also called \Blockjaw\j\b\i
an infectious, bacterial disease, sometimes fatal, which affects the nervous system, causing severe muscle spasms. Greek \Itetanos\j\b\i a spasm
\Isay\j\b\i tate-ah-\CX1tate\j\b\i \Pnoun\p tÉte-α-tÉte a private conversation, usually between two people. French, head to head
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\Htether\h
\Isay\j\b\i te\Ith\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a rope or chain by which an animal is tied to a tree, fence, etc. to limit its movements.
\Bat the end of one's tether\j\b\i, at the end of one's patience or endurance. \Btether\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htetra-\h
a prefix meaning four, as in \Itetrahedron\j\b\i. Greek
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\Htetracycline\h
\Isay\j\b\i tetra-\CX1sigh\j\b\i-kleen \Pnoun\p any of a group of drugs used as antibiotics to overcome bacterial infections.
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\Htetrahedron\h
\Isay\j\b\i tetra-\CX1hee\j\b\i-dr'n \Pnoun\p a solid or hollow body with four triangular faces; a triangular pyramid. \Btetrahedral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htetralogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i tet-\CX1rall\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a series of four related plays, operas, literary compositions, etc.
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\HTeutonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1tonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p See \Jgermanic\j\b\i.
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\Htext\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the actual words of something written or printed.
\CX12.\j\b\i the main body of words in a book, or newspaper, excluding footnotes, index, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short extract or quotation used as the subject of a lecture, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a textbook. \Btextual\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1teks\j\b\i-tew'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htextbook\h
\Pnoun\p a book giving instruction and information in a subject.
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\Htextile\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any woven fabric.
\CX12.\j\b\i any substance which is suitable for weaving.
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\Htexture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1teks\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p the composition or structure of a substance, especially as conveyed to the touch. \Btextural\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btexturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\H-th\h
a suffix used to form ordinal numbers, as in \Isixth\j\b\i.
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\Hthalidomide\h
\Isay\j\b\i tha-\CX1lidd\j\b\ia-mide \Pnoun\p a drug used as a sedative until it was found to damage a foetus if taken during pregnancy.
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\Hthallium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 81, a malleable metal, used in alloys. Its compounds are used in rat poisons and insecticides.
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\Hthallus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bthalli\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thall\j\b\i-eye)
\IBiology:\j\b\i a simple vegetative plant body which is not divided into root, stem and leaf. Greek \Ithallos\j\b\i young shoot, twig
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\Hthan\h
preposition, conjunction (introducing the second part of a comparison) 'I am older \Ithan\j\b\i you'.
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\Hthanatology\h
\Isay\j\b\i thanna-\CX1toll\j\b\i-ojee \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the field of psychiatry which deals with the effects of death and dying.
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\Hthane\h
\Pnoun\p \IBritish history:\j\b\i a person who held land in exchange for military service.
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\Hthank\h
\Pverb\p to express thanks.
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\Hthankless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not feeling or showing gratitude.
\CX12.\j\b\i not appreciated: 'housework is a \Ithankless\j\b\i task'. \Bthanklessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthanklessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthanks\h
plural \Pnoun\p a grateful acknowledgement of a favour, gift, etc.
\Bthanks to\j\b\i, as a result or consequence of. \Bthankful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthankfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthankfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthanksgiving\h
\Pnoun\p any grateful acknowledgement of favours or benefits, especially to God.
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\Hthank you\h
an expression of gratitude. \Bthankyou\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthat\h
\Ppronoun\p plural is \Bthose\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a demonstrative \Ppronoun\p used to indicate the following:
a) the person, place, thing, etc. present or just mentioned.
b) the person, place, thing, etc. further removed or less obvious: '\Ithat\j\b\i red chair over there!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a relative \Ppronoun\p used to introduce a clause: a) 'there is the woman \Ithat\j\b\i I saw'; b) 'fool \Ithat\j\b\i I am'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something: 'there is \Ithat\j\b\i about the man which intrigues me'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat that\j\b\i, 'she won, and won easily \Iat that\j\b\i' (= as well).
\Bthat is\j\b\i, in clarification or example.
\Bthat's that\j\b\i, that is the finish of the matter.
\Bwith that\j\b\i, 'and \Iwith that\j\b\i she burst into tears' (= immediately afterwards).
\Bthat\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i used to introduce a clause stating a fact, wish, reason, etc.: 'I thought \Ithat\j\b\i I was late'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to introduce a sentence or clause expressing desire, surprise, etc.: '\Ithat\j\b\i is so rude!'. \Bthat\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. See \Jso\j\b\i.
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\Hthatch\h
\Pnoun\p a roof covering made from straw, reeds, etc. \Bthatch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover a roof with thatch; \Bthatching\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any material used as thatch.
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\Hthaw\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to melt.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of weather) to become warm enough to melt ice and snow.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her manner \Ithawed\j\b\i in the friendly atmosphere' (= relaxed). \Bthaw\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the process of thawing, b) a period during which ice and snow melt.
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\Hthe (1)\h
article \IGrammar:\j\b\i the definite article. See \Jarticle\j\b\i.
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\Hthe (2)\h
\Padverb\p (used to modify an \Padjective\p or \Padverb\p in the comparative degree) to that extent: '\Ithe\j\b\i sooner \Ithe\j\b\i better'.
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\Htheatre\h
\Pnoun\p in America spelt \Btheater\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a building where plays, ballet or opera are performed on a stage.
\CX12.\j\b\i any similar room or place where particular actions are performed: a) 'a lecture \Itheatre\j\b\i'; b) 'an operating \Itheatre\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the world or profession of actors, playwrights, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i any dramatic writing or performance.
\CX15.\j\b\i a cinema.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Itheatre\j\b\i of war' (= place of action). Greek \Itheatron\j\b\i seeing place
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\Htheatre-in-the-round\h
\Pnoun\p a form of theatre where the acting area is surrounded by the audience.
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\Htheatrical\h
\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1at\j\b\iri-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or relating to the theatre.
\CX12.\j\b\i exaggerated or artificial.
\Btheatrical\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iplural\j\b\i) a dramatic performance, especially as given by amateurs. \Btheatrically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\iee \Ppronoun\p an old word meaning you.
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\Htheft\h
\Pnoun\p the act of stealing.
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\Htheir\h
possessive \Padjective\p singular is \Bhis\j\b\i, \Bher\j\b\i or \Bits\j\b\i
belonging to them: 'it is \Itheir\j\b\i cake'.
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\Htheirs\h
possessive \Ppronoun\p singular is \Bhis\j\b\i, \Bhers\j\b\i or \Bits\j\b\i
belonging to them: 'the cake is \Itheirs\j\b\i'.
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\Htheism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thee\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p a belief in a supernaturally revealed God, especially one with whom a personal relationship is possible, and in Providence. Compare \Jdeism\j\b\i. \Btheist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btheistic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1ist\j\b\i-ik), \Btheistical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btheistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Greek \Itheos\j\b\i a god
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\Hthem\h
\Ppronoun\p singular is \Bhim\j\b\i, \Bher\j\b\i, or \Bit\j\b\i
the objective form of the \Ppronoun\p \Bthey\j\b\i: a) 'we hit \Ithem\j\b\i'. b) 'give the cake to \Ithem\j\b\i'.
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\Htheme\h
\Isay\j\b\i theem \Pnoun\p a central topic, basis or idea which is expressed, expanded, etc., as in a speech, essay or musical composition. \Bthematic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htheme song\h
a song or tune heard often throughout a play or film.
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\Htheme park\h
an amusement park in which the activities and exhibits are linked by a single main idea.
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\Hthemselves\h
\Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the reflexive form of \Bthey\j\b\i: 'they washed \Ithemselves\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the emphatic form of \Bthey\j\b\i: 'they did it \Ithemselves\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i their normal or usual selves: 'for many weeks after the accident they were not \Ithemselves\j\b\i'.
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\Hthen\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i at another time in the past or future: 'I was happier \Ithen\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i next in time, space or order: 'I stayed in Hong Kong first and \Ithen\j\b\i went to Singapore'.
\CX13.\j\b\i in that case; accordingly.
\CX14.\j\b\i in addition: 'and \Ithen\j\b\i you must remember to buy some vegetables'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bbut then\j\b\i, but on the other hand.
\Bthen and there, there and then\j\b\i, at once, on the spot.
\Bthen\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being so at that time: 'the \Ithen\j\b\i President'.
\Bthen\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
that time: 'since \Ithen\j\b\i he has not looked back'.
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\Hthence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\ience \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i from that time or place.
\CX12.\j\b\i for that reason. \Bthenceforth\j\b\i, \Bthenceforward\j\b\i, \Bthenceforwards\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i, from that time or place onwards.
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\Htheocracy\h
\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1ok\j\b\ira-see \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a system of government in which the established Church has political power.
\CX12.\j\b\i a government by a god, either directly or through a class of priests. \Btheocratic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-o-\CX1kratt\j\b\iik), \Btheocratical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek \Itheos\j\b\i a god + \Ikratia\j\b\i rule
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\Htheodolite\h
\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1odd\j\b\ia-lite \Pnoun\p a surveyor's instrument resembling a small telescope, used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
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\Htheology\h
\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1oll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of divinity or religious doctrines, such as the characteristics of a god or gods in relation to humankind and the universe. \Btheological\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-a-\CX1loj\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btheologically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btheologian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-a-\CX1lo\j\b\i-j'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person teaching or having knowledge of theology. Greek \Itheos\j\b\i a god + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Htheorem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1theer\j\b\i-um \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a general proposition the truth of which is demonstrable by argument.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a general law in the form of an equation or formula, e.g. in algebra, used as a basis for further operations. Greek \Itheorema\j\b\i speculation
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\Htheory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1theer\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a systematically organised group of general propositions used to analyse, predict or explain facts or events.
\CX12.\j\b\i the whole collection of ideas, methods and theorems associated with some study: 'the number \Itheory\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an explanation of the principles of a subject, such as art, as distinct from the practice of it.
\CX14.\j\b\i a conjecture or opinion: 'that's your \Itheory\j\b\i, but I disagree'.
\CX11.\j\b\i not proved to exist, be practical or true.
\CX12.\j\b\i forming or dealing with theories: 'a \Itheoretical\j\b\i study'. \Btheoretically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btheorise, theorize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to form a theory or theories, b) to speculate; \Btheorist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who theorises, b) a person who deals with the theoretical side of a subject; \Btheoretician\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-ora-\CX1tish\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who deals with the theoretical side of a subject. Greek \Itheoros\j\b\i a spectator
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\Htheosophy\h
\Isay\j\b\i thee-\CX1oss\j\b\ia-fee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any religious or philosophical system of thought claiming direct knowledge of divine or supernatural things.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) a religious movement making such claims, founded in 1875 and based on Eastern teachings, such as Buddhism and Hinduism. \Btheosophist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btheosophical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thee-o-\CX1soff\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htherapy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1therr\j\b\ia-pee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the treatment of disease or disorders.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to the treatment or curing of disease, etc. \Btherapist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person trained to treat disease, etc. Greek \Itherapeia\j\b\i healing
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\Hthere\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i in or at that place: 'the book is \Ithere\j\b\i, where I left it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to, into or towards that place: 'let's go \Ithere\j\b\i now'.
\CX13.\j\b\i at a particular point of time, action, etc.: 'she paused \Ithere\j\b\i and asked if we understood'.
\Bthere\j\b\i \Iinterjection\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an exclamation of satisfaction, encouragement, etc.: '\Ithere\j\b\i! I've finished!'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a term of comfort: '\Ithere, there!\j\b\i things aren't so bad'.
\Bthereabouts, thereabout\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
near that place, time, number, etc.: 'at 7 o'clock or \Ithereabouts\j\b\i'.
\Bthereafter\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
from a particular time onwards.
\Bthereby\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i by that means: 'she fell and \Ithereby\j\b\i lost the race'.
\CX12.\j\b\i related to that: '\Ithereby\j\b\i hangs a tale'.
\Btherefore\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
as a result.
\Btherein\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in that place, matter, etc.
\Bthereof\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
of, from or relating to that.
\Bthereon\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
on or upon that.
\Bthereto\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
to that place, subject, etc.
\Bthereunder\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
under that.
\Bthereupon\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
immediately after, especially as a result.
\Btherewith\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
with or following upon that.
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\Htherm\h
\Pnoun\p a unit of energy, equal to about 106 megajoule. Greek \IthermΘ\j\b\i heat
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\Hthermal\h
\Padjective\p thermic of or relating to heat or temperature.
\Bthermal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a rising current of warm air. \Bthermally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthermion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ther\j\b\imi-on \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i an ion given out by a very hot object. \Bthermionic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thermi-\CX1onn\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthermionics\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the study of thermions and related phenomena.
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\Hthermionic valve\h
a radio valve which contains a heated cathode.
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\Hthermistor\h
\Isay\j\b\i ther-\CX1mist\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a small device whose electrical resistance varies with temperature. \Btherm\j\b\i(al) (res)istor\j\b\i
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\Hthermochemistry\h
\Pnoun\p the branch of chemistry studying the quantities of heat absorbed or produced by chemical reactions. \Bthermochemical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hthermocouple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ther\j\b\imo-kupp'l \Pnoun\p \IElectronics:\j\b\i a device consisting of two different conductors joined at each end, used for measuring temperature. An electric current is generated if the temperature of one junction changes with respect to the other.
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\Hthermodynamics\h
\Isay\j\b\i thermo-die-\CX1namm\j\b\iiks plural \Pnoun\p (\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the branch of physics studying the relationships between heat and work and the conversion of one to another. \Bthermodynamic\j\b\i, \Bthermodynamical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthermodynamically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthermoelectricity\h
\Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i any electric current produced by direct conversion of heat into electricity.
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\Hthermometer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ther-\CX1momm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure temperature.
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\Hthermonuclear reaction\h
\Isay\j\b\i thermo-\CX1new\j\b\iklia ree-\CX1ak\j\b\i-sh'n \IPhysics:\j\b\i a nuclear reaction which occurs only at high temperature, such as nuclear fusion.
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\Hthermos flask\h
short form is \Bthermos\j\b\i
also called a \BDewar flask\j\b\i
a double-walled container with a vacuum between, usually of silvered glass or stainless steel, used to keep substances at a constant temperature. a trademark
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\Hthermosphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ther\j\b\imo-sfeer \Pnoun\p the outer regions of the earth's atmosphere where the temperature continues to increase towards the sun.
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\Hthermostat\h
\Pnoun\p any of various devices used to control temperature. \Bthermostatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thermo-\CX1statt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthermostatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthesaurus\h
\Isay\j\b\i tha-\CX1saw\j\b\irus \Pnoun\p a store of things, especially a book of words and phrases grouped according to meaning. Greek \Ithesauros\j\b\i meaning
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\Hthese\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\ieez \Ppronoun\p See \Jthis\j\b\i.
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\Hthesis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thee\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p plural is \Btheses\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thee\j\b\i-seez)
a statement or theory, especially a long original work presented by a student for a postgraduate degree.
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\HThespian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thes\j\b\ipian \Padjective\p of or relating to drama, especially tragedy. \BThespian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an actor. after \IThespis\j\b\i, a Greek poet in the 6th century \Bb.c\j\b\i.
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\Hthew\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) muscle or sinew. b) physical strength.
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\Hthey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\iay \Ppronoun\p singular is \Bhe\j\b\i, \Bshe\j\b\i, or \Bit\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the third person plural nominative \Ppronoun\p, used to indicate persons or things: '\Ithey\j\b\i ate the cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate people in general: '\Ithey\j\b\i say he is guilty'.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jthem\j\b\i, \Btheir\j\b\i and \Btheirs\j\b\i.
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\Hthiamine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thy\j\b\ia-min \Pnoun\p See \Jvitamin b\Ksubscript\k\I1\j\b\i\j\b\i under \Bvitamin\j\b\i.
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\Hthick\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having relatively great extent from one surface or side to its opposite: 'a \Ithick\j\b\i wall in a castle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i measuring in this dimension: 'a wall 1 m \Ithick\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we had to crawl through the \Ithick\j\b\i undergrowth' (= closely packed).
b) 'the room was \Ithick\j\b\i with smoke' (= filled, abounding).
c) 'we spilt the \Ithick\j\b\i, sticky syrup all over the floor' (= viscous).
d) 'there was no way of covering his \Ithick\j\b\i accent' (= very \Ppronoun\pced).
e) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'everyone thinks he is rather \Ithick\j\b\i, but in fact he is quite smart' (= stupid, dull).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the boys are as \Ithick\j\b\i as thieves' (= friendly, intimate).
g) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'everyone felt the new law was a bit \Ithick\j\b\i' (= excessive, beyond what was reasonable).
\Bthick\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the most active or intense part: 'I was caught in the \Ithick\j\b\i of the crowd'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is thick.
\Bthrough thick and thin\j\b\i, under all circumstances. \Bthickly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthickness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bthicken\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make or become thick or thicker, b) to make or grow more intense or complex; \Bthickening\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a thickened part or place, b) something used to thicken.
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\Hthicket\h
\Pnoun\p a small group of shrubs or trees growing very close together.
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\Hthickset\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a short, stocky body.
\CX12.\j\b\i placed or planted close together.
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\Hthick-skinned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a thick skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i not sensitive to insult, criticism, etc.
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\Hthief\h
\Isay\j\b\i theef \Pnoun\p plural is \Bthieves\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i theevz)
a person who steals, especially secretly and without force.
\Bthieve\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i theev) \Iverb\j\b\i
to take by theft. \Bthievery\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thee\j\b\iva-ree), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthigh\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the upper part of the leg or hind limb.
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\Hthighbone\h
\Pnoun\p the femur.
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\Hthimble\h
\Pnoun\p a small metal or plastic cap used to protect the end of the finger when sewing. \Bthimbleful\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a very small quantity.
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\Hthin\h
\Padjective\p (\Bthinner\j\b\i, \Bthinnest\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i having relatively little extent from one surface or side to its opposite: 'the \Ithin\j\b\i ice cracked under her weight'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not great in diameter or cross-section: 'a \Ithin\j\b\i wire'.
e) 'the sound on old recordings is a bit \Ithin\j\b\i' (= lacking fullness or volume).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthin on the ground\j\b\i, not many about.
\Bthin on top\j\b\i, going bald.
\Bvanish into thin air\j\b\i, to vanish completely. \Bthinly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthinness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bthin\j\b\i (\Bthinned\j\b\i, \Bthinning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become thin or thinner.
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\Hthine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\iine \Ppronoun\p an old word meaning yours.
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\Hthing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any material object lacking life or consciousness: 'a chair is a \Ithing\j\b\i, a cat is not'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which cannot be described or named exactly: 'it had a \Ithing\j\b\i on the end like a tassle'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a) possessions or belongings: 'I packed a few \Ithings\j\b\i and left'. b) the general state of affairs: 'how are \Ithings\j\b\i?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unaccountable attitude or feeling, such as aversion: 'I've developed a \Ithing\j\b\i about pink cars'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he did great \Ithings\j\b\i during the war' (= deeds).
b) 'you poor \Ithing\j\b\i!' (= person).
c) 'he said just the right \Ithing\j\b\i' (= words).
d) 'one \Ithing\j\b\i about the situation was not considered' (= aspect, area).
e) 'I read a few \Ithings\j\b\i by him, but I didn't like them' (= works).
f) 'it doesn't mean a \Ithing\j\b\i to me' (= anything).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bdo one's thing\j\b\i, \Bdo one's own thing\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to do what one likes or does best.
\Bmake a thing of\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to turn into a major issue.
\Bone of those things\j\b\i, an event which was unavoidable.
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\Hthink\h
\Pverb\p (\Bthought\j\b\i, \Bthinking\j\b\i)
to use the mind to form ideas, judgements, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I can't \Ithink\j\b\i of his name' (= bring to mind).
b) 'he \Ithought\j\b\i you were joking' (= believed).
c) 'I never \Ithought\j\b\i to find you here' (= expected).
d) 'did you \Ithink\j\b\i to bring in the milk?' (= remember).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthink big\j\b\i, to have great ambitions.
\Bthink twice\j\b\i, to consider with great care. \Bthinker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bthink\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) an act or process of thinking; \Bthinking\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, opinion, conclusions.
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\Hthinly\h
\Padverb\p See \Jthin\j\b\i.
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\Hthinner\h
\Pnoun\p a liquid added to a substance to dilute it, such as turpentine added to paint.
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\Hthinness\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jthin\j\b\i.
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\Hthin-skinned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a thin skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i sensitive to insult, criticism, etc.
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\Hthird\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being number three in a series.
\CX12.\j\b\i being one out of every three: 'we get paid every \Ithird\j\b\i week'.
\Bthird\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any of three equal parts into which something is divided.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that is number three in a series. \Bthirdly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthird degree\h
any prolonged or intense questioning or use of violence to obtain information, etc.
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\Hthird generation\h
\IComputers:\j\b\i See \Jgeneration\j\b\i.
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\Hthird-party\h
\Padjective\p relating to a policy which insures against liability or damage to another person or the property of another in a motor accident. \Bthird party\j\b\i, any person other than the principals involved in an agreement, etc.
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\Hthird person\h
\IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jperson\j\b\i.
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\Hthird-rate\h
\Padjective\p distinctly inferior.
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\HThird World\h
the underdeveloped countries of the world.
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\Hthirst\h
\Pnoun\p a dryness of the mouth and throat leading to a desire to drink liquid.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ithirst\j\b\i for adventure' (= strong or eager desire).
\Bthirsty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
needing or craving liquid or moisture.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Ithirsty\j\b\i for details the crowd pressed around the courtroom' (= eager). \Bthirst\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bthirstily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthirstiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthirteen\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 13 in Arabic numerals, XIII in Roman numerals. \Bthirteen\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthirteenth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthirty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 30 in Arabic numerals, XXX in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 30 to 39 in a series, such as the years within a century. \Bthirty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthirtieth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthis\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\iis \Ppronoun\p, \Padjective\p plural is \Bthese\j\b\i
a demonstrative form used to indicate the following:
a) the person, place, thing, etc. present, nearby or just mentioned.
b) the person, place, thing, etc. nearer or more obvious: '\Ithis\j\b\i chair is nicer than that one over there'. \Bthis\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthistle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thiss\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p any of a group of wild plants with prickly leaves and fluffy flowers.
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\Hthistledown\h
\Pnoun\p the fluff of a thistle flower, which carries the seeds.
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\Hthither\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\ii\Ith\j\b\ier \Padverb\p to or towards that place or point.
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\Hthong\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a narrow strip of leather used for fastening things, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) a pair of simple sandals with two straps joined and fitted between two toes.
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\Hthorax\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thor\j\b\i-aks \Pnoun\p a) (in humans and other higher vertebrates) the upper part of the trunk between the neck and abdomen. b) a corresponding part in insects, etc. \Bthoracic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i thor-\CX1rass\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Greek
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\Hthorium\h
\Pnoun\p element number 90, a radioactive metal used in alloys and filaments. See \Jactinide\j\b\i. after \IThor\j\b\i, the Scandinavian god of thunder
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\Hthorn\h
\Pnoun\p a small, sharp outgrowth on a plant.
\Bthorn in one's side\j\b\i, a source of annoyance or discomfort. \Bthorny\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having many thorns, b) difficult or complex.
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\Hthorough\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thurr\j\b\ia \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i full, perfect or complete: 'give the back of your ears a \Ithorough\j\b\i scrubbing'.
\CX12.\j\b\i working methodically and leaving nothing incomplete.
\Bthoroughgoing\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i complete.
\CX12.\j\b\i methodical or detailed. \Bthoroughly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthoroughness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthoroughbred\h
\Pnoun\p (\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) any of a breed of racehorses bred from English and Arabian stock.
\Bthoroughbred\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of pure stock or breed.
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\Hthoroughfare\h
\Pnoun\p a road or route.
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\Hthose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\ioze \Ppronoun\p See \Jthat\j\b\i.
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\Hthou\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\iou \Ppronoun\p an old word meaning you (singular).
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\Hthough\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\io conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i in spite of the fact that: 'I disagree, \Ithough\j\b\i I see your point'.
\CX12.\j\b\i if: 'act as \Ithough\j\b\i you didn't hear'. \Bthough\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, however.
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\Hthought (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i thawt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of thinking: 'she sat in \Ithought\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the result of thinking: 'a clever \Ithought\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) intention: 'I had some \Ithought\j\b\i of going'. b) expectation: 'I had no \Ithought\j\b\i of meeting you here'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'without \Ithought\j\b\i for the consequences' (= care, concern).
\CX14.\j\b\i the ideas or way of thinking of a particular time, place, group, etc.: 'Greek \Ithought\j\b\i'.
\Bsecond thoughts\j\b\i, reconsideration.
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\Hthought (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i thawt \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bthink\j\b\i.
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\Hthoughtful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showing or full of thought: 'a sensible, \Ithoughtful\j\b\i suggestion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i attentive or careful, especially towards others. \Bthoughtfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthoughtfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthoughtless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showing little or no thought: 'a careless and \Ithoughtless\j\b\i answer'.
\CX12.\j\b\i selfish or inconsiderate. \Bthoughtlessly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthoughtlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthousand\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 1000 in Arabic numerals, M in Roman numerals. \Bthousand\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthousandth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthrall\h
\Isay\j\b\i thrawl \Pnoun\p a) a slave. b) slavery: 'he's in \Ithrall\j\b\i to alcohol'. \Bthraldom\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, slavery.
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\Hthrash\h
\Pverb\p to beat soundly, especially as punishment.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we \Ithrashed\j\b\i them by six goals' (= defeated easily).
b) 'he \Ithrashed\j\b\i about in the water' (= struck or plunged violently).
\Bthrash out\j\b\i, to solve or decide by discussion.
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\Hthrash metal\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bthrash\j\b\i
a style of modern music that combines elements of heavy metal and punk rock with often extreme audience behaviour such as head-banging to the beat of the music.
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\Hthread\h
\Isay\j\b\i thred \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, fine piece of a spun substance.
\CX12.\j\b\i something with the shape of a thread, such as a thin line of colour, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I lost the \Ithread\j\b\i of the story' (= connecting link or sequence).
\CX13.\j\b\i a spiral ridge cut around the length of a bolt or screw.
\Bhang by a thread\j\b\i, to be in a dangerous or uncertain position.
\Bthread\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to pass a thread through.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move in a twisting or winding way: 'she \Ithreaded\j\b\i her way through the crowd'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to cut a thread on or in a bolt, hole, etc.
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\Hthreadbare\h
\Padjective\p (of cloth or clothing) very worn or thin.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it was a humble \Ithreadbare\j\b\i house' (= poor, shabby).
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\Hthreadworm\h
\Pnoun\p a thread-like worm found in the human intestine, usually in children.
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\Hthreat\h
\Isay\j\b\i thret \Pnoun\p a statement of intention to hurt or punish, especially in order to force someone to do something: 'she only paid the money under \Ithreat\j\b\i of violence'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's a \Ithreat\j\b\i of rain in the dark clouds' (= warning, sign).
\Bthreaten\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to utter a threat against: 'she \Ithreatened\j\b\i me with dismissal unless I behaved'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'rain \Ithreatened\j\b\i the chance of a picnic' (= endangered).
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\Hthree\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 3 in Arabic numerals, III in Roman numerals.
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\Hthree-dimensional\h
\Padjective\p having or appearing to have the dimension of depth.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the book's main character is not \Ithree-dimensional\j\b\i enough' (= realistic).
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\Hthree-ply\h
\Padjective\p consisting of three layers or thicknesses, such as yarn or plywood.
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\Hthree-point landing\h
a landing in which all three sets of wheels of an aeroplane touch the ground at the same time, considered a perfect landing.
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\Hthrenody\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1threnn\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p a funeral dirge.
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\Hthresh\h
\Pverb\p to beat or thrash, e.g. to separate the seeds of a cereal plant from the chaff.
\Bthresher\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that threshes, especially a flail or machine.
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\Hthreshold\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thresh\j\b\i-hold \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the entrance to a building, especially the stone, etc. laid in front of a door.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was at the \Ithreshold\j\b\i of a new career' (= beginning).
\CX12.\j\b\i the lowest level at which a stimulus will produce an effect: 'the \Ithreshold\j\b\i of consciousness'.
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\Hthrew\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bthrow\j\b\i.
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\Hthrice\h
\Padverb\p three times.
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\Hthrift\h
\Pnoun\p any careful or economical use, especially of money. \Bthrifty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, using thrift; \Bthriftily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthriftiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthrill\h
\Pnoun\p a) a nervous tremor or tingle of great excitement: 'it gave him a \Ithrill\j\b\i to ride the horse'. b) an experience causing this: 'it's a \Ithrill\j\b\i to meet you'.
\Bthrill\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to feel or cause a thrill in: 'winning the race \Ithrilled\j\b\i me'.
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\Hthriller\h
\Pnoun\p a book, play or film dealing with exciting or mysterious events.
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\Hthrips\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bthrips\j\b\i
any of a group of very small, sap-sucking insects which may be destructive to cereals and fruit trees.
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\Hthrive\h
\Pverb\p (\Bthrived\j\b\i or \Bthrove\j\b\i, \Bthrived\j\b\i or \Bthriven\j\b\i, \Bthriving\j\b\i)
to grow strong and healthy: 'the garden cannot \Ithrive\j\b\i in this drought'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I hope your plan \Ithrives\j\b\i' (= succeeds).
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\Hthroat\h
\Pnoun\p a) the oesophagus. b) the front part of the neck.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bjump down someone's throat\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to criticise severely.
\Blump in one's throat\j\b\i, an unpleasant sensation in the throat, caused by emotion.
\Bthroaty\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
a) hoarse. b) produced deep in the throat. \Bthroatily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bthroatiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthrob\h
\Pverb\p (\Bthrobbed\j\b\i, \Bthrobbing\j\b\i)
to beat with a strong or rapid rhythm. \Bthrob\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a strong beat or rhythm.
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\Hthroe\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) violent pains or convulsions: 'the wounded person was in his death \Ithroes\j\b\i'.
\Bin the throes of\j\b\i, a) in violent struggle with; b) in the process of.
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\Hthrombosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i throm-\CX1bo\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p the formation of a stationary clot which develops inside a blood vessel and blocks the flow of blood. Compare \Jembolus\j\b\i.
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\Hthrone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a raised, ornamental chair used on important occasions, e.g. by a monarch.
\CX12.\j\b\i sovereign power or authority: 'the republicans sought abolition of the \Ithrone\j\b\i'. Greek \Ithronos\j\b\i a high seat
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\Hthrong\h
\Pnoun\p a crowd: '\Ithrongs\j\b\i of people watched the procession'.
\Bthrong\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to crowd: 'thousands \Ithronged\j\b\i to the beaches last summer'.
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\Hthrottle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to choke or strangle.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reduce the speed of an engine.
\Bthrottle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a device in the carburettor of an internal combustion engine, connected to the accelerator pedal, which controls the engine speed.
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\Hthrough\h
\Isay\j\b\i throo preposition \CX11.\j\b\i in one side and out the other: a) 'he climbed \Ithrough\j\b\i the window'; b) 'the road goes \Ithrough\j\b\i the jungle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i between: 'Tarzan swinging \Ithrough\j\b\i the trees'.
\CX13.\j\b\i from beginning to end: a) 'you talked \Ithrough\j\b\i the whole speech'; b) 'look \Ithrough\j\b\i the book for the answer'.
\CX14.\j\b\i at the end of: 'will you be \Ithrough\j\b\i your work by lunchtime?'.
\CX15.\j\b\i due to or because of: 'she succeeded \Ithrough\j\b\i persistence'.
\Bget through\j\b\i, 'did you \Iget through\j\b\i your exams?' (= pass).
\Bthrough\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i from side to side or beginning to end: a) 'let us pass \Ithrough\j\b\i'; b) 'she slept the night \Ithrough\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at or to the end or all the way: a) 'are you \Ithrough\j\b\i with this book?'; b) 'the train goes \Ithrough\j\b\i to Perth'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'put me \Ithrough\j\b\i to the manager's private telephone, please' (= in connection). \Bthrough\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hthroughout\h
\Isay\j\b\i throo-\CX1out\j\b\i preposition \CX11.\j\b\i in or to every part: 'search \Ithroughout\j\b\i the countryside'.
\CX12.\j\b\i from the beginning to end of: 'she slept \Ithroughout\j\b\i the film'.
\Bthroughout\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in every part: 'the house has carpet \Ithroughout\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at all times: 'the baby cried \Ithroughout\j\b\i the film'.
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\Hthrove\h
\Pverb\p a past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bthrive\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to launch through the air, especially by means of hands and arms: 'don't \Ithrow\j\b\i stones at the dog'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put as if by throwing: a) '\Ithrow\j\b\i him into prison'; b) 'we were \Ithrown\j\b\i into confusion'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the building \Ithrew\j\b\i a long shadow' (= made).
b) 'she \Ithrew\j\b\i a punch at him' (= aimed).
c) 'the mare \Ithrew\j\b\i a fine foal' (= gave birth to).
d) 'she \Ithrew\j\b\i a tantrum' (= performed).
e) 'the electrician \Ithrew\j\b\i the switch' (= operated).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'the refusal really \Ithrew\j\b\i me' (= disconcerted).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bthrow away\j\b\i, 'you've \Ithrown away\j\b\i a wonderful opportunity' (= wasted).
\Bthrow in\j\b\i, a) 'have you \Ithrown in\j\b\i the job?' (= given up); b) 'the meal was \Ithrown in\j\b\i with the tour' (= included free of charge).
\Bthrow off\j\b\i, to free oneself from.
\Bthrow out\j\b\i, a) 'they \Ithrew out\j\b\i the proposal' (= did not accept or keep); b) 'he \Ithrew out\j\b\i a hint' (= uttered casually); c) 'the noise \Ithrew\j\b\i me \Iout\j\b\i in my counting' (= caused to make a mistake).
\Bthrow up\j\b\i, a) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to vomit; b) to adandon.
\Bthrow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of throwing; a) 'she returned the ball with a fine \Ithrow\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Ithrow\j\b\i of the dice'.
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\Hthrowaway\h
\Padjective\p (of a remark, etc.) uttered casually with apparent disregard for effect.
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\Hthrowback\h
\Pnoun\p a) a reversion to an ancestral type or character. b) an example of this.
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\Hthrowing stick\h
a woomera.
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\Hthrush (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a family of songbirds, often brown.
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\Hthrush (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fungal disease of mucous membranes, especially in the mouth of a child.
\CX12.\j\b\i an infection in the hoof of a horse.
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\Hthrust\h
\Pverb\p (\Bthrust\j\b\i, \Bthrusting\j\b\i)
to push suddenly or forcibly: a) 'he \Ithrust\j\b\i the pick through the ice'; b) 'the girl \Ithrust\j\b\i her way through the crowd'.
\Bthrust\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act of thrusting: a) 'a sword \Ithrust\j\b\i'; b) 'the forward \Ithrust\j\b\i of a jet engine'.
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\Hthud\h
\Pnoun\p a dull sound, as of a heavy blow or fall. \Bthud\j\b\i (\Bthudded\j\b\i, \Bthudding\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to strike or fall with a thud.
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\Hthug\h
\Pnoun\p a brutal, violent ruffian or criminal. \Bthuggish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bthuggery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Bthug\j\b\i is derived from a Hindi word meaning robber or swindler. In India it came to be applied to members of a religious sect who robbed and strangled people. \IThug\j\b\i was adopted into English in the early 19th century to describe a violent, brutal person.
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\Hthulium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thew\j\b\ilium \Pnoun\p element number 69, a rare metal. See \Jlanthanide\j\b\i.
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\Hthumb\h
\Isay\j\b\i thum \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the short thick digit set apart from the fingers.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a glove, etc. covering the thumb.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball thumbs\j\b\i, clumsy or awkward.
\Bthumbs down\j\b\i, an expression of disapproval.
\Bthumbs up\j\b\i, an expression of approval or triumph.
\Bunder someone's thumb\j\b\i, under someone's power or influence.
\Bthumb\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to turn pages, etc. over quickly: '\Ithumb\j\b\i through the book to chapter six'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a hitchhiker) to solicit a free ride.
\Bthumb one's nose\j\b\i, to express defiance or contempt.
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\Hthumbnail sketch\h
a brief, concise description.
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\Hthumbscrew\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an instrument of torture designed to crush one or both thumbs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a screw which can be twisted into a surface by the thumb and finger.
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\Hthump\h
\Pverb\p to beat heavily, especially with a thick, dull sound.
\Bthump\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) a heavy strike or blow. b) the dull sound of this.
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\Hthumping\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very: 'a \Ithumping\j\b\i good book'.
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\Hthunder\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the loud noise produced when the heat from lightning causes the air to expand suddenly.
\CX12.\j\b\i any loud noise: 'a \Ithunder\j\b\i of applause'.
\Bsteal someone's thunder\j\b\i, to steal the credit of another's ideas, inventions, policy, etc. before that person has been able to act on them.
\Bthunder\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make thunder.
\CX12.\j\b\i to speak or act loudly or violently: 'she \Ithundered\j\b\i on the door with her fists'. \Bthunderous\j\b\i, \Bthundery\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bthunderously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hthunderbolt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flash of lightning accompanied by thunder.
\CX12.\j\b\i an unexpected disaster or unpleasant surprise: 'the news came as a \Ithunderbolt\j\b\i'.
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\Hthunderclap\h
\Pnoun\p a crash of thunder.
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\Hthundering\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very: 'she's in a \Ithundering\j\b\i bad mood'.
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\Hthunderstorm\h
\Pnoun\p a storm in which strong upward air currents generate static electricity, producing thunder and lightning.
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\Hthunderstruck\h
\Padjective\p amazed or astounded.
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\HThursday\h
\Pnoun\p the fifth day of the week. after \IThor\j\b\i, the ancient Scandinavian god of thunder
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\Hthus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Ith\j\b\ius \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i in this way: 'watch me and do it \Ithus\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i consequently: '\Ithus\j\b\i, after all the evidence, I must be right'.
\Bthus far\j\b\i, up to this point.
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\Hthwack\h
\Pverb\p to whack. \Bthwack\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hthwart\h
\Isay\j\b\i thwort \Pverb\p to prevent something being done successfully: 'the police \Ithwarted\j\b\i the attempted bank robbery'.
\Bthwart\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a seat across a small boat.
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\Hthy\h
\Ppronoun\p an old word meaning your (singular).
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\Hthylacine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thy\j\b\ila-sine \Pnoun\p the Tasmanian tiger.
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\Hthyme\h
\Isay\j\b\i time \Pnoun\p a low shrub with fragrant leaves used in cooking.
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\Hthymine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thy\j\b\i-meen \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jpyrimidine\j\b\i.
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\Hthymus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1thy\j\b\imus \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a gland, large in children but very small in adults, situated near the base of the neck.
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\Hthyroid gland\h
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a gland in the lower neck, secreting hormones which control the metabolic rate of the body.
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\Hthyself\h
\Ppronoun\p an old word meaning yourself.
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\Htiara\h
\Isay\j\b\i tee-\CX1ar\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p a semicircular band of jewels, etc. worn as a head ornament. Greek
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\Htibia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tibb\j\b\ii-a \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the thicker of the two long bones of the lower leg.
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\Htic\h
\Pnoun\p a twitch, especially of the facial muscles.
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\Htick (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light recurring click or beat, as of a clock or watch.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'wait here, I'll only be a \Itick\j\b\i' (= moment).
\CX12.\j\b\i a small written mark to show that something is correct, noted, etc.
\Bon the tick\j\b\i, punctually.
\Btick\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make a tick or ticks: a) 'the time bomb \Iticked\j\b\i away quietly'; b) 'the customer \Iticked\j\b\i her list'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what makes him \Itick\j\b\i?' (= behave as he does).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btick off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to scold.
\Btick over\j\b\i, a) (of an engine) to run slowly and quietly in neutral; b) 'his mind was \Iticking over\j\b\i' (= working).
#
\Htick (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of blood-sucking arachnids, often parasitic on mammals.
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\Htick (3)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) credit: 'all their furniture was bought on \Itick\j\b\i'. short form of \Iticket\j\b\i
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\Hticker\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the heart. b) a watch.
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\Hticker tape\h
(\Iformerly\j\b\i) the long strip of paper on which a teleprinter prints information.
\Bticker tape parade\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a parade in which ticker tape, streamers, etc. are thrown from windows onto the celebrity.
#
\Hticket\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small piece of cardboard or paper indicating that its owner is entitled to something: a) 'a train \Iticket\j\b\i'; b) 'a theatre \Iticket\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a tag or label showing price, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a fine or summons for a traffic offence: 'a parking \Iticket\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IPolitics:\j\b\i the list of candidates from any one party.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bget a ticket\j\b\i, to incur a fine for a traffic offence.
\Bthat's the ticket\j\b\i, that's the correct thing to do. \Bticket\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hticket of leave\h
\IAustralian history:\j\b\i a conditional freedom granted to convicts who had served part of their sentences.
#
\Hticking\h
\Pnoun\p a strong, cotton fabric used for covering mattresses, pillows, etc.
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\Htickle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to excite the nerves by lightly touching sensitive parts of the skin.
\CX12.\j\b\i to amuse or please: a) 'the children were \Itickled\j\b\i by the antics of the clowns'; b) 'the flattery \Itickled\j\b\i his pride'.
\Btickled pink\j\b\i, greatly amused or pleased. \Btickle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btickler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a difficult problem or situation.
#
\Hticklish\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sensitive to tickling.
\CX12.\j\b\i needing delicate care or handling: 'are you able to handle such a \Iticklish\j\b\i situation?'.
#
\Htick-tack-toe\h
\Pnoun\p noughts and crosses.
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\Htidal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tide\j\b\i-al \Padjective\p of or relating to the tide.
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\Htidal basin\h
\IGeography:\j\b\i See \Jbasin\j\b\i.
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\Htidal current\h
the movement of seawater into a restricted area such as a bay or river.
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\Htidal wave\h
also called \Btsunami\j\b\i
a large destructive wave produced by an earthquake at sea.
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\Htiddly\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) slightly drunk.
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\Htiddlywinks\h
\Pnoun\p a game in which small discs must be flicked into a cup.
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\Htide\h
\Pnoun\p the rise and fall of the surface of the sea, caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Itide\j\b\i of public opinion changes quickly' (= stream, current).
\Btide\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Btide over\j\b\i, 'lend me some money to \Itide\j\b\i me \Iover\j\b\i until payday' (= support).
#
\Htidings\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tide\j\b\i-ings plural \Pnoun\p news or information.
#
\Htidy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) having everything in its right place. b) (of a person) in the habit of arranging things in their right place.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) large: 'a \Itidy\j\b\i sum of money'.
\Btidy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a box or container for keeping things in, etc. \Btidy\j\b\i (\Btidied\j\b\i, \Btidying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htie\h
\Pverb\p (\Btied\j\b\i, \Btying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to fasten or attach by string, rope, etc.: a) '\Itie\j\b\i the prisoner's hands'; b) '\Itie\j\b\i this label to his coat'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to form by interlacing, etc.: 'please \Itie\j\b\i this knot for me'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'why should I be always \Itied\j\b\i to the kitchen?' (= confined).
b) 'how can we \Itie\j\b\i the suspect to the crime?' (= connect).
\CX13.\j\b\i to score equally in a contest.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btie in with\j\b\i, to connect or agree with.
\Btie up\j\b\i, a) 'she's \Itied up\j\b\i every night this week' (= occupied, busy); b) 'the agreement was finally \Itied up\j\b\i' (= concluded, settled); c) 'the strike \Itied up\j\b\i shipping for a month' (= hindered). d) 'he was \Itied up\j\b\i with the scandal' (= connected).
\Btie\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something which ties or connects: 'a \Itie\j\b\i of friendship'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strip of cloth, usually of cotton, silk or wool, worn around the neck under a collar and knotted at the front.
\CX13.\j\b\i an equality of votes, points, etc. between contestants.
#
\Htie-dye\h
\Pverb\p (\Btie-dyed\j\b\i, \Btie-dyeing\j\b\i)
to dye fabric or clothes by tying them in patterns of knots before applying the dye, so that the knotted areas are not coloured.
#
\Htier\h
\Isay\j\b\i teer \Pnoun\p a row or level, especially one of a series rising one above or behind the other, as of seats in a theatre.
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\Htie-up\h
\Pnoun\p an association or connection.
#
\Htiff\h
\Pnoun\p a slight quarrel.
#
\Htiger\h
\Pnoun\p a large flesh-eating, Asian mammal of the cat family, having a tawny coat with black stripes.
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\Htiger cat\h
a large variety of native cat, about 1 m long.
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\Htiger snake\h
any of a group of front-fanged extremely venomous Australian snakes, often with markings of brown and yellowish bands.
#
\Htight\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fastened, fixed or fitting firmly or closely: 'these shoes are too \Itight\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the race ended in a \Itight\j\b\i finish' (= close).
b) 'she's \Itight\j\b\i with her money' (= stingy).
c) 'money seems to be \Itight\j\b\i this month' (= in short supply).
\CX12.\j\b\i difficult, demanding: a) 'I'm in a \Itight\j\b\i spot'; b) 'I have a \Itight\j\b\i schedule'.
\CX13.\j\b\i impervious to water, air, etc.: 'is the boat \Iwatertight\j\b\i?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) tipsy. \Btight\j\b\i, \Btightly\j\b\i, \Iadverbs\j\b\i; \Btightness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btighten\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become tight.
#
\Htight-fisted\h
\Padjective\p miserly or stingy.
#
\Htight-lipped\h
\Padjective\p saying little or nothing.
#
\Htightrope\h
\Pnoun\p a rope or wire stretched high above the ground, on which an acrobat walks or performs tricks.
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\Htights\h
plural \Pnoun\p a) a close-fitting garment covering the lower part of the body and the legs. b) pantyhose.
#
\Htightwad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tite\j\b\i-wod \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a mean or miserly person.
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\Htigress\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-gress \Pnoun\p a female tiger.
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\Htiki\h
\Isay\j\b\i tee-kee \Pnoun\p a pendant, usually carved in greenstone, worn as a good luck or fertility charm. Maori
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\Htilde\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1til\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i. Spanish
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\Htile\h
\Pnoun\p a sheet, usually of baked clay, used in overlapping rows to form a roof, or glazed on one side and used to cover floors, walls, etc. \Btile\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with tiles; \Btiler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who lays tiles.
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\Htill (1)\h
\Ipreposition\j\b\i, \Iconjunction\j\b\i until. See \Juntil\j\b\i.
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\Htill (2)\h
\Pverb\p to plough or cultivate the soil. \Btillage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the practice of tilling, b) land which has been tilled.
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\Htill (3)\h
\Pnoun\p a special drawer-like container with compartments for money, e.g. in a cash register.
#
\Htiller (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a person who tills soil, etc.
#
\Htiller (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the handle attached to the top of a rudder for steering.
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\Htilt\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to put or be put in a sloping position: 'if you \Itilt\j\b\i the table the plates will fall off'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to joust.
\Btilt\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of tilting. b) a tilting position: 'the table was at a \Itilt\j\b\i'.
#
\Htimbal\h
\Pnoun\p a kettledrum.
#
\Htimber\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Blumber\j\b\i
a) wood which has been cut and treated, used in building, making furniture, etc. b) the trees used for this. \Btimber\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to provide with timber.
#
\Htimber line\h
the height on a mountain above which trees will not grow.
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\Htimbre\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tam\j\b\ibra \Pnoun\p the characteristic quality of a sound produced by a particular voice or instrument. French
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\Htime\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the fact or concept of continuous existence. b) a system of measuring or dividing this: 'daylight-saving \Itime\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a portion or measure of this, especially as a definite moment or period: a) 'the \Itime\j\b\i is 12 midday'; b) 'do you have \Itime\j\b\i to help?'; c) 'in the \Itime\j\b\i of the ancient Greeks'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) '\Itimes\j\b\i were hard in the war' (= conditions).
b) 'did you have a good \Itime\j\b\i?' (= experience).
c) 'the train is running behind \Itime\j\b\i' (= the appointed instant of arrival, etc.).
\CX13.\j\b\i an instance: 'how many \Itimes\j\b\i do I have to tell you?'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) used to indicate multiplication: '5 \Itimes\j\b\i 5 equals 25'.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the fundamental quantity describing the period over which a physical change takes place, expressed in seconds.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the basic rhythmical patterns. b) the length of a particular note.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat the same time\j\b\i, 'I'll give you my permission, but \Iat the same time\j\b\i I think you're being foolish' (= nevertheless).
\Bat times\j\b\i, \Bfrom time to time\j\b\i, occasionally.
\Bbehind the times\j\b\i, old-fashioned.
\Bdo time\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to undergo imprisonment.
\Bhave no time for\j\b\i, to be unable to tolerate.
\Bin good time\j\b\i, a) 'the pain will go away \Iin good time\j\b\i' (= eventually); b) 'we arrived \Iin good time\j\b\i and got the best seats' (= early).
\Bin no time\j\b\i, very quickly.
\Bin time\j\b\i, a) 'we arrived \Iin time\j\b\i for the first film' (= early enough); b) 'all will be well \Iin time\j\b\i' (= eventually); c) 'play your tuba \Iin time\j\b\i with the piccolo' (= in the same rhythm).
\Bon time\j\b\i, punctually.
\Bpass the time of day\j\b\i, to exchange brief greetings.
\Bplay for time\j\b\i, to manoeuvre to gain extra time.
\Brace against time\j\b\i, to try hard to finish in time.
\Btake one's time\j\b\i, to act in a leisurely way.
\Btime\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to record or measure the time of something: 'the race was \Itimed\j\b\i on a stopwatch'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to arrange or choose the moment for: 'we \Itimed\j\b\i our holidays to coincide with the good weather'.
#
\Htime and a half\h
the payment of 50 per cent more than usual wages, especially for overtime.
#
\Htime and motion study\h
the analysis of work methods, to improve efficiency or increase production in a business.
#
\Htime bomb\h
a bomb containing a mechanism that will cause it to explode at a set time.
#
\Htimecard\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtime sheet\j\b\i.
#
\Htime clock\h
a clock with a device attached, to record the times of arrival and departure of employees. See \Jbundy\j\b\i.
#
\Htime exposure\h
\IPhotography:\j\b\i the process of keeping the shutter open for a long time, usually at least one second.
#
\Htimeframe\h
\Pnoun\p a timetable in which tasks are arranged to achieve a specific objective within a set period of time.
#
\Htime-honoured\h
\Padjective\p respected because of tradition or long use: 'a \Itime-honoured\j\b\i custom'.
#
\Htimekeeper\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that keeps time, such as an official who times races in a sporting contest.
#
\Htime-lag\h
\Pnoun\p the period of time between two events, etc.
#
\Htime-lapse photography\h
the process of taking a series of pictures over a long period of time to record a particular event, such as the gradual opening of a flower bud.
#
\Htimeless\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i relating to no particular time: 'a \Itimeless\j\b\i fairy story'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having no end.
#
\Htimely\h
\Padjective\p occurring at the right or favourable time: 'a \Itimely\j\b\i rescue'.
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\Htime-on\h
\Pnoun\p \ISport:\j\b\i any extra time added to a game, usually equal to the periods when the ball was out of play.
#
\Htimepiece\h
\Pnoun\p any instrument used to measure and show time.
#
\Htime-sharing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a system which enables several users to have simultaneous access to the same computer from different terminals.
\CX12.\j\b\i a method of joint ownership of a holiday property where each owner is entitled to use the property for a specified amount of time each year.
#
\Htime sheet\h
also called a \Btimecard\j\b\i
a card or sheet of paper on which an employee's time of arrival and departure, or the actual hours worked, is recorded.
#
\Htime signature\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i the sign at the beginning of a work to indicate the type and number of beats in each bar.
#
\Htimetable\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a list or table showing the times of particular events: a) 'a train \Itimetable\j\b\i'; b) 'a lecture \Itimetable\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any plan or list of the order of events. \Btimetable\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to set a timetable for any activity.
#
\Htime zone\h
a geographical region within which the same standard time is used.
#
\Htimid\h
\Padjective\p easily frightened or made nervous. \Btimidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btimidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tim-\CX1idd\j\b\ii-tee), \Btimidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Htiming\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1time\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p the art or process of establishing or maintaining the correct and most effective time, speed, sequence, etc.: a) 'the \Itiming\j\b\i of her jokes is always perfect'; b) 'the \Itiming\j\b\i in this engine is not quite right'.
#
\Htimorous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1timm\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p timid or full of fear. \Btimorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btimorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itimor\j\b\i fear
#
\Htimpani\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tim\j\b\ipa-nee plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Btimpano\j\b\i
kettledrums. \Btimpanist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the timpani.
#
\Htin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i element number 50, a malleable, ductile metal used in protective coating and alloys.
\CX12.\j\b\i a container made from tin or tin plate, especially one which is sealed: 'a \Itin\j\b\i of soup'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an unsealed metal container, used for storing, baking, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) corrugated iron: 'a \Itin\j\b\i roof'. \Btin\j\b\i (\Btinned\j\b\i, \Btinning\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover with or pack in tins; \Btin\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) made of tin, b) worthless or unworthy.
#
\Htincture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tink\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solution of a medicine in alcohol.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slight trace.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IHeraldry:\j\b\i any of the colours, metals or furs used in coats of arms. \Btincture\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to stain or dye.
\Isay\j\b\i tinj \Pverb\p to give a slight colour, taste or smell to: a) 'black hair \Itinged\j\b\i with grey'; b) 'air \Itinged\j\b\i with smoke'. \Btinge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htingle\h
\Pverb\p to feel a slight pricking or prickling: 'her face \Itingled\j\b\i with cold'. \Btingle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htinker\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who travels about mending pots and pans, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who enjoys doing repairs, etc. to mechanical things. \Btinker\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to fiddle or experiment with, b) to work as a tinker.
#
\Htinkle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a light, high-pitched ringing sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a telephone call: 'give me a \Itinkle\j\b\i this afternoon'. \Btinkle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htin lizzie\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) an old motor car.
#
\Htinman's solder\h
a solder with a low melting point, containing up to 65 per cent tin with lead.
#
\Htinny\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or characteristic of tin.
\CX12.\j\b\i cheaply or badly made and unlikely to last. \Btinnily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btinniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htin-pan alley\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the publishers and composers of pop music. b) the part of a city where they work. originally applied to an area of New York City (14th Street)
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\Htin plate\h
a sheet of metal coated with a layer of tin.
#
\Htin-pot\h
\Padjective\p cheap or worthless.
#
\Htinsel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a glittering, metallic substance used in thin strips, threads or sheets for decoration, e.g. on a Christmas tree.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is gaudy but worthless.
#
\Htinsmith\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes or repairs tin or metal goods.
#
\Htinsnips\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of metal shears used for cutting wire, tin, etc.
#
\Htint\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a variety of a particular colour, especially one mixed with white to reduce its chroma. Compare \Jshade\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any slight or pale colour, such as a temporary hair dye. \Btint\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htintack\h
\Pnoun\p \Bget down to tintacks\j\b\i, to start work at the most basic level.
#
\Htiny\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-nee \Padjective\p very small.
#
\Htip (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a) a tapered end or top: 'a \Ifingertip\j\b\i'. b) a piece or part at the end of something: 'a filter \Itip\j\b\i on a cigarette'. \Btip\j\b\i (\Btipped\j\b\i, \Btipping\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to provide with a tip, b) to decorate or mark the tip of.
#
\Htip (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btipped\j\b\i, \Btipping\j\b\i)
to move or cause to move to a slanting position: 'the bucket \Itipped\j\b\i dangerously but stayed upright'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Itipped\j\b\i his hat in greeting' (= lifted, took off).
\Btip over\j\b\i, 'the car \Itipped over\j\b\i after the collision' (= turned over).
\Btip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of tipping.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rubbish dump.
#
\Htip (3)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small gift of money to a waiter, porter, servant, etc. to show appreciation for service.
\CX12.\j\b\i a private hint or piece of information given as a guide: 'a betting \Itip\j\b\i'.
\Btip\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btipped\j\b\i, \Btipping\j\b\i)
to give a tip to.
\Btip off\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he \Itipped off\j\b\i the police about the robbery' (= warned or informed in advance). \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Btip-off\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Btipster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who provides tips, especially as an occupation or business.
#
\Htip (4)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btipped\j\b\i, \Btipping\j\b\i)
to strike with a light, glancing blow: 'the ball just \Itipped\j\b\i her bat and flew into the keeper's hands'. \Btip\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htipple\h
\Pverb\p to drink alcohol, especially often or excessively. \Btipple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, alcohol; \Btippler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tipples.
to walk very quietly on or as if on the tips of the toes. \Btiptoe\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btiptoe\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htiptop\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) excellent or best.
#
\Htirade\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1rade\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a long speech, especially a violently angry or critical one. Italian \Itirata\j\b\i a volley
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\Htire (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to use up or lessen the energy or strength of: 'don't \Itire\j\b\i yourself playing'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lose patience or interest: 'we soon \Itired\j\b\i of the boring game'.
\Btired\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having lost one's energy, strength, interest, etc., often owing to a need for sleep.
\CX12.\j\b\i trite or lacking originality: 'no more \Itired\j\b\i old jokes please!'.
\Btired of\j\b\i, 'I'm \Itired of\j\b\i that restaurant' (= had enough of). \Btiredly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btiredness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btireless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, never becoming tired; \Btiresome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, irritating or annoying.
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\Htire (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a tyre.
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\H'tis\h
\Isay\j\b\i tiz an old poetic word for it is.
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\Htisane\h
\Isay\j\b\i tiz-\CX1an\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a herbal tea.
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\Htissue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tish\j\b\i-oo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i an organised group of similar cells in an organism, such as bone, cartilage, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the criminal's evidence was a \Itissue\j\b\i of lies' (= carefully connected or constructed mass).
\CX12.\j\b\i a thin, soft, paper handkerchief.
\CX13.\j\b\i a light, transparent paper used for wrapping, protecting, etc. Short form of \Btissue paper\j\b\i.
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\Htissue culture\h
\IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jculture\j\b\i.
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\Htit (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of small birds, such as the \Btomtit\j\b\i.
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\Htit (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a nipple. b) a breast.
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\Htitan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-t'n \Pnoun\p a person of great strength, size or importance. \Btitanic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1tann\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, very large or strong. after the \ITitans\j\b\i, a family of twelve gods and goddesses of Greek mythology who ruled Olympus until overthrown by Zeus
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\Htitanium\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1tay\j\b\i-nee-um \Pnoun\p element number 22, a malleable, ductile metal, used in alloys and to toughen steel. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i. \Btitanic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1tann\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htitbit\h
\Pnoun\p a small choice piece, e.g. of food.
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\Htit for tat\h
repayment, especially retaliation.
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\Htithe\h
\Isay\j\b\i ti\Ith\j\b\ie \Pnoun\p one tenth, especially one tenth of one's farm produce, taken as a tax to support the clergy, etc. \Btithe\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to demand a tithe.
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\Htitian\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a reddish-brown colour. after \ITitian\j\b\i, died 1576, an Italian painter who often used this colour to paint hair
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\Htitillate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1titt\j\b\ii-late \Pverb\p to excite or tease pleasantly. \Btitillation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htitivate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1titt\j\b\ii-vate \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to decorate or make smart. \Btitivation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htitle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a word or words giving the distinctive name of a book, play, painting, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a form of address which indicates a person's occupation, rank, social position, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young boxer won the world \Ititle\j\b\i' (= championship).
\CX13.\j\b\i a right: 'his friendship with the old man did not give him \Ititle\j\b\i to an inheritance'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a deed or document which proves a person's right of possession, control, etc., especially of land or property. Short form of \Btitle-deed\j\b\i. \Btitle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htitration\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1tray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i the estimation of the quantity of a substance in a solution, by adding a second solution of known composition and concentration (called the \Btitre\j\b\i), until the end point of a reaction is reached. \Btitrate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htitter\h
\Pverb\p to laugh or giggle in a nervous or half-restrained way. \Btitter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htittle\h
\Pnoun\p a dot or mark, such as an accent.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I don't care a jot or \Itittle\j\b\i for your complaints' (= tiniest bit).
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\Htittle-tattle\h
\Pnoun\p a) gossip or foolish chatter. b) a person who gossips. \Btittle-tattle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htitular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tit\j\b\i-yoo-la \Padjective\p of, being or having a title.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is the \Ititular\j\b\i head of the government' (= in name but not in fact). \Btitular\j\b\i, \Btitulary\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who has a title.
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\Htizzy\h
\Padjective\p cheaply or gaudily decorated. \Btizzy\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btizzy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a state of nervous confusion or excitement.
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\Hto\h
preposition a word used to indicate the following:
\CX11.\j\b\i movement in the direction of: 'from Sydney \Ito\j\b\i Singapore'.
\CX12.\j\b\i limit: a) 'prizes \Ito\j\b\i the value of $10 000'; b) 'open from 1 o'clock \Ito\j\b\i 6 o'clock'.
\CX13.\j\b\i aim or intention: 'let's go \Ito\j\b\i see a film'.
\CX14.\j\b\i attachment or contact: a) 'stick \Ito\j\b\i your view'; b) 'apply paint \Ito\j\b\i the wall'.
\CX15.\j\b\i addition or accompaniment: 'garlic gives flavour \Ito\j\b\i this soup'.
\CX16.\j\b\i comparison or contrast: 'at right angles \Ito\j\b\i the wall'.
\CX17.\j\b\i result: 'he tore it \Ito\j\b\i pieces'.
\CX18.\j\b\i relation or reference: 'she claims her right \Ito\j\b\i the pension'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it is 10 \Ito\j\b\i 5' (= before).
b) 'how many metres \Ito\j\b\i one kilometre?' (= in).
c) 'the score was 4 points \Ito\j\b\i 6 points' (= versus, against).
d) 'is this \Ito\j\b\i your liking?' (= in agreement with).
\CX19.\j\b\i special use before a \Pverb\p in its infinitive form: '\Ito\j\b\i see'.
\Bto\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i into a particular position, especially closed: 'pull that door \Ito\j\b\i behind you'.
\CX12.\j\b\i into consciousness: 'Trang came \Ito\j\b\i as they splashed water on her face'.
\Bto and fro\j\b\i, backwards and forwards.
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\Htoad\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of amphibians, resembling the frog but with drier and more warty skins.
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\Htoadstool\h
\Pnoun\p any of various fleshy fungi, other than mushrooms, with a stalk and umbrella-like cap, some of which are poisonous.
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\Htoady\h
\Pverb\p (\Btoadied\j\b\i, \Btoadying\j\b\i)
to flatter or pander in a servile fashion. \Btoady\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoast (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a slice of bread heated so that it becomes crisp and brown.
\Btoast\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to heat in order to make into toast.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'come and \Itoast\j\b\i yourself by the fire' (= warm). \Btoaster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that toasts, such as an electrical device into which slices of bread are put to be toasted. Latin \Itostus\j\b\i parched
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\Htoast (2)\h
\Pverb\p to drink in honour of: 'let's \Itoast\j\b\i the happy couple!'.
\Btoast\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of toasting. b) the words spoken before such an act.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the young writer was the \Itoast\j\b\i of the local literary world' (= person most praised or celebrated). \Btoastmaster\j\b\i, \Btoastmistress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who proposes toasts, introduces speakers, etc. at formal dinners.
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\Htobacco\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1bakk\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a) the dried leaves of a tropical plant which are prepared for smoking, chewing or as snuff. b) the plant itself. \Btobacconist\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, etc.
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\Htoboggan\h
\Isay\j\b\i te-\CX1bogg\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p See \Jsledge\j\b\i. \Btoboggan\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to use or ride on a toboggan.
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\Htoby jug\h
a large drinking mug in the shape of a stout old man wearing a three-cornered hat. after \IToby Philpot\j\b\i, a legendary drinker of fabulous capacity
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\Htoccata\h
\Isay\j\b\i tok-\CX1ah\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a brilliant piece of instrumental music designed to display the soloist's technique.
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\Htocsin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tok\j\b\i-sin \Pnoun\p a bell rung, especially as a signal of alarm.
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\Htoday\h
\Padverb\p on this or the present day. \Btoday\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoddle\h
\Pverb\p to walk with short unsteady steps. \Btoddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btoddler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a very young child.
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\Htoddy\h
\Pnoun\p a hot, alcoholic drink made from spirits, hot water and spices.
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\Hto-do\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a fuss.
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\Htoe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the ten end parts or digits of the feet.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering a toe or toes.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bon one's toes\j\b\i, ready and alert.
\Bturn one's toes up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to die.
\Btoe\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btoed\j\b\i, \Btoeing\j\b\i)
to touch or kick with the toes.
\Btoe the line\j\b\i, to obey or conform. \Btoey\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) nervous.
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\Htoehold\h
\Pnoun\p a small ledge, etc. which may support the toe in climbing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the promotion gave him a \Itoehold\j\b\i in the running of the company' (= opportunity to participate).
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\Htoe-in\h
\Pnoun\p the slight degree to which the front wheels of a motor vehicle are turned inwards to improve steering and handling.
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\Htoff\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rich gentleman.
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\Htoffee\h
\Pnoun\p a sweet, often hard and brittle, made by boiling sugar or treacle with butter and other ingredients.
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\Htofu\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-foo \Pnoun\p also called \Bbean curd\j\b\i
a soft solid substance obtained from soya beans, used as a high-protein food.
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\Htoga\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-ga \Pnoun\p a long, loose robe worn in ancient Rome.
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\Htogether\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i in or as one group, etc.: a) 'let's go there \Itogether\j\b\i'; b) 'he weighs more than all of us \Itogether\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i so as to be joined, near or in contact: 'stick the two parts \Itogether\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the shared danger brought them \Itogether\j\b\i' (= to a closer relationship).
b) 'we will all work \Itogether\j\b\i' (= in harmony or cooperation).
c) 'they are always fighting \Itogether\j\b\i' (= with each other).
d) 'multiply these two numbers \Itogether\j\b\i' (= by each other). \Btogetherness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a feeling of harmony, closeness or friendship.
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\Htoggle\h
\Pnoun\p a fastener consisting of a rod or pin mounted at its centre and passed through a loop or eye of rope, cable, etc., e.g. on a duffel coat.
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\Htoggle switch\h
an electrical switch in which a jointed arm, when moved through a small arc, causes the contacts to open or close suddenly.
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\Htogs\h
plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any clothes, especially bathers.
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\Htoil (1)\h
\Pverb\p to work hard or continuously.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the hikers \Itoiled\j\b\i up the last steep slope' (= proceeded with difficulty). \Btoil\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoil (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \Bin the toils of\j\b\i, 'she was \Iin the toils of\j\b\i despair' (= in the power of, ensnared by).
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\Htoile\h
\Isay\j\b\i twahl \Pnoun\p a fine, stiff, linen fabric.
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\Htoilet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toy\j\b\i-let \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bowl-like receptacle for urination and defecation, fitted with a device to flush it clean with water and connected by a pipe to the drains.
\CX12.\j\b\i a room or similar structure containing such an apparatus.
\CX13.\j\b\i the process of washing, dressing or grooming oneself.
\CX14.\j\b\i an old word for a costume or outfit. French \Itoilette\j\b\i a cloth
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\Htoiletry\h
\Pnoun\p any article or cosmetic used in washing, dressing or grooming oneself.
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\Htoilet water\h
See \Jeau de cologne\j\b\i.
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\Htoilworn\h
\Padjective\p showing the effects of hard work.
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\Htoken\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-k'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something which represents or indicates a feeling, fact, etc.: 'a \Itoken\j\b\i of affection'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a symbol or sign.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Queen possesses only the \Itokens\j\b\i of power' (= outward signs but not real bases).
\CX13.\j\b\i a voucher exchangeable in shops for goods, especially books, records, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a stamped piece of metal or plastic used in place of coins in some machines.
\Bby the same token\j\b\i, similarly, moreover or incidentally.
\Btoken\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
done as a minimal gesture only: 'you only have to make a \Itoken\j\b\i payment to become a member'.
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\Htokenism\h
\Pnoun\p the policy of making only nominal concessions to a demand.
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\Htold\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Btell\j\b\i.
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\Htolerance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toll\j\b\ia-r'nce \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the ability to endure or put up with difficulties, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the patient developed a \Itolerance\j\b\i to the antibiotics' (= resistance).
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality or practice of accepting or being fair towards beliefs, customs, etc. which are different from one's own: 'religious \Itolerance\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a permitted variation from a standard quality, dimension, etc. \Btolerant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, showing or feeling tolerance; \Btolerantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htolerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toll\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to allow or bear the existence or practice of without opposition: 'I will not \Itolerate\j\b\i such rudeness'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the government \Itolerates\j\b\i all sectarian religions' (= accepts and recognises). \Btoleration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btolerable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) able to be tolerated or endured, b) (informal) reasonable; \Btolerably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btolerability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tollera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoll (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a bell) to sound or cause to sound with slow, regular rings.
\CX12.\j\b\i to announce by ringing a bell in such a way: 'to \Itoll\j\b\i an alarm'. \Btoll\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoll (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a charge made for the use of a road, bridge, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the flood took a heavy \Itoll\j\b\i in crops' (= loss). \Btollgate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a gate or other barrier at which a toll is collected.
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\Htoluene\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tol\j\b\i-yoo-een \Pnoun\p also called \Btoluol\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a colourless, liquid, aromatic hydrocarbon used in petrol, dyes, drugs, saccharine and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
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\Htom\h
\Pnoun\p a male animal: 'a \Itomcat\j\b\i'.
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\Htomahawk\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tomm\j\b\ia-hawk \Pnoun\p also called a \Bhatchet\j\b\i
a small axe, such as that used as a weapon by the North American Indians. \Btomahawk\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cut or injure with a tomahawk.
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\Htomato\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btomatoes\j\b\i
a fleshy, usually red, edible fruit with many pips, used as a vegetable.
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\Htomb\h
\Isay\j\b\i toom \Pnoun\p a grave or vault for the dead. \Btombstone\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an inscribed stone set above a grave.
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal, often capital\j\b\i) a British soldier. after \ITommy Atkins\j\b\i, a fictitious name used in sample forms for army privates
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\Htommy-gun\h
\Pnoun\p a type of submachine gun used in World War 2. after \IJ. T. Thompson\j\b\i, 1860-1940, an American army officer
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\Htommyrot\h
\Pnoun\p nonsense.
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\Htomorrow\h
\Isay\j\b\i to-\CX1mor\j\b\iro \Pnoun\p the day after today.
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\Htomtit\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtit (1)\j\b\i.
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\Htom-tom\h
\Pnoun\p a small drum, usually beaten with the hands.
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\Hton (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i tun \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a unit of mass of the avoirdupois system, equal to about 1020 kg. Also called a \Blong ton\j\b\i. b) (in America) a unit of mass equal to about 907 kg. Also called a \Bshort ton\j\b\i or a \Bnet ton\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a large amount.
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\Hton (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i tun \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a speed of about 160 km (formerly 100 miles) per hour.
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\Htonality\h
\Isay\j\b\i toe-\CX1nall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a balance or harmony in a system, e.g. of the colours of a painting, or the keys used in a musical composition.
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\Htone\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sound, especially one with a particular quality, length, etc.: 'the clear \Itones\j\b\i of a church bell'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the furious \Itone\j\b\i of her voice made me apologise nervously' (= quality, expression).
b) 'there was a light-hearted \Itone\j\b\i to the meeting' (= feeling, mood).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i the interval which equals two semitones.
\CX13.\j\b\i a shade or hue, or any slight variation in a colour: 'the wall was painted in a bluish \Itone\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i the usual firmness in the muscles of a healthy body.
\CX15.\j\b\i elegance or style: 'she dresses with distinctive \Itone\j\b\i'.
\Btone\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to give a particular tone or quality to.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btone down\j\b\i, 'please try to \Itone down\j\b\i your language' (= soften, moderate).
\Btone in with\j\b\i, \Btone with\j\b\i, 'that furniture \Itones in with\j\b\i the modern house' (= harmonises).
\Btone up\j\b\i, 'exercise will \Itone up\j\b\i your muscles' (= make firm or strong). \Btonal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to tone or tonality, especially in music.
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\Htone-deaf\h
\Padjective\p not able to hear the difference in pitch in musical notes.
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\Htone poem\h
also called a \Bsymphonic poem\j\b\i
a piece of programme music which may try to represent the mood of a particular poem or the sounds of nature in a particular setting.
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\Htoner\h
\Pnoun\p a powdered pigment which is used as ink in various types of printers and copiers.
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\Htongs\h
plural \Pnoun\p a device with two hinged or sprung arms, for picking up or holding something.
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\Htongue\h
\Isay\j\b\i tung \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the mobile muscular organ in the mouth of vertebrate animals. In mammals it is the organ of taste, and in humans it is also the main organ of speech.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'answer me, or have you lost your \Itongue\j\b\i?' (= ability to speak).
b) 'she speaks fluent French but English is her native \Itongue\j\b\i' (= language).
c) 'don't be misled by her sharp \Itongue\j\b\i' (= manner of speaking).
\CX12.\j\b\i the tongue of an animal, especially the lamb or ox, used as food.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which has the shape, position or function of a tongue, such as the hanging piece inside a bell, or the flap of material under the laces or fastening of a shoe.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhold one's tongue\j\b\i, to be quiet.
\Bon the tip of one's tongue\j\b\i, about to be remembered or spoken.
\Bslip of the tongue\j\b\i, something said or mentioned accidentally.
\Btongue in cheek\j\b\i, \Bwith one's tongue in one's cheek\j\b\i, mockingly or ironically. \Btongue\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to separate rapidly played notes on a wind instrument with the tongue, b) to touch with the tongue.
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\Htongue-and-groove\h
\Pnoun\p a joint made by cutting a narrow groove along the edge of one piece, into which the matching tapered edge (called the \Btongue\j\b\i) of another piece is fitted, especially in floorboards, etc.
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\Htongue-lashing\h
\Pnoun\p a scolding.
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\Htongue-tied\h
\Padjective\p unable to speak, especially due to shyness or embarrassment.
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\Htongue twister\h
a word or words difficult to say quickly, especially because similar but slightly different sounds are continually repeated.
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\Htonic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any substance, often a medicine, which invigorates.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i the first note of a scale.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) tonic water.
\Btonic\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i producing or restoring tone or vigour.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i of or based on the tonic.
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\Htonic water\h
a non-alcoholic, carbonated water containing quinine, often mixed with spirits.
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\Htonight\h
\Pnoun\p this present or coming night. \Btonight\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htonnage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tunn\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p the amount of space in which a ship can carry goods.
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\Htonne\h
\Isay\j\b\i ton \Pnoun\p a metric unit of mass, equal to 1000 kg.
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\Htonneau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tonn\j\b\io \Pnoun\p a waterproof cover, such as for the load area of a utility or the driver's seat of a sports car.
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\Htonsil\h
\Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two masses of connected lymph nodes, forming a ring where the mouth and nose open into the throat.
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\Htonsillectomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i tonsi-\CX1lek\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p an operation to remove the tonsils.
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\Htonsillitis\h
\Isay\j\b\i tonsi-\CX1lie\j\b\i-tus \Pnoun\p an inflammation of the tonsils, common in children, which may require removal of the tonsils.
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\Htonsorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i ton-\CX1saw\j\b\iriul \Padjective\p relating to a barber or a barber's work.
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\Htonsure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ton\j\b\i-sher \Pnoun\p a) the shaving of the head, or part of the head, especially that of a monk. b) the part of the head which is shaved. \Btonsure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Itonsura\j\b\i shearing
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\Htoo\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i also: 'are you coming \Itoo\j\b\i?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to indicate excess: 'the box is \Itoo\j\b\i heavy to lift'.
\Bonly too\j\b\i, 'I'm \Ionly too\j\b\i glad to help' (= extremely).
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\Htook\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Btake\j\b\i.
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\Htool\h
\Pnoun\p any of various hand-held objects or instruments which help in performing work.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the petty thief was a \Itool\j\b\i in the hands of the ringleader' (= person used or controlled by another). \Btool\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to shape or decorate with a tool.
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\Htoolbar\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a row of symbols appearing usually below the menu bar of an application's on-screen window. When activated the symbols provide shortcuts for common menu commands.
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\Htoot\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to blow a horn, whistle, trumpet, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a horn, whistle, etc.) to sound. \Btoot\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htooth\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bteeth\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the hard enamel-covered objects attached in rows to the jaws, used for chewing and biting.
\CX12.\j\b\i any tooth-like part or projection, as on a comb, saw, rake, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby the skin of one's teeth\j\b\i, narrowly.
\Bget one's teeth into\j\b\i, to tackle something vigorously.
\Bin the teeth of\j\b\i, despite, in direct opposition to.
\Blong in the tooth\j\b\i, old.
\Btooth and nail\j\b\i, fiercely. \Btoothless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btoothy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or showing prominent teeth; \Btoothsome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, pleasant-tasting.
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\Htoothcomb\h
\Pnoun\p a comb with very fine teeth set closely together.
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\Htoothpaste\h
\Pnoun\p a flavoured paste used for cleaning the teeth.
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\Htoothpick\h
\Pnoun\p a small stick used to remove food, etc. from between the teeth.
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\Htop (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the highest or uppermost place, surface or position: a) 'climb to the \Itop\j\b\i of the hill'; b) 'start at the \Itop\j\b\i of the page'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that has the highest place or position: a) 'she is \Itop\j\b\i of the class'; b) 'my new suit has green trousers with matching \Itop\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the highest point, pitch or degree: a) 'she screamed at the \Itop\j\b\i of her voice'; b) 'a car in \Itop\j\b\i is in the highest gear'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a lid or covering: 'put the \Itop\j\b\i back on the bottle'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bblow one's top\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to lose one's temper.
\Bon top of\j\b\i, 'I can't handle any more problems \Ion top of\j\b\i all my others' (= as well as).
\Btop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btopped\j\b\i, \Btopping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to be or provide a top for: 'the building was \Itopped\j\b\i by a tower'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reach the top or above the top of: 'the sun \Itopped\j\b\i the horizon'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to cut the top or tops from: '\Itop\j\b\i the strawberries before serving'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit the ball above its centre so that it moves only a short distance.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she \Itopped\j\b\i my story with an even funnier one' (= surpassed).
b) 'the cake was \Itopped\j\b\i off with a cherry' (= finished).
\Btop up\j\b\i, to fill up a partly filled container.
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\Htop (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a toy which spins when set in motion.
\Bsleep like a top\j\b\i, to sleep soundly.
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\Htopaz\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-paz \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a mineral of varying transparent shades, such as pale blue or golden brown, used as a gem.
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\Htopcoat\h
\Pnoun\p an overcoat.
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\Htop dog\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the person in the highest or strongest position.
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\Htop drawer\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the best or highest level of society. \Btop-drawer\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htop dressing\h
the fertilising of land by superphosphate, etc. spread from trucks, aeroplanes, etc.
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\Htope\h
\Pverb\p to drink alcohol habitually or to excess. \Btoper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htopee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-pee \Pnoun\p a pith helmet.
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\Htop-flight\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) first-rate or superior.
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\Htop-hat\h
\Pnoun\p a man's tall, silk hat worn on ceremonial occasions.
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\Htopic\h
\Pnoun\p something forming the matter for discussion, conversation, etc.
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\Htopical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1topp\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p of current or local interest. \Btopically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btopicality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i toppi-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htopknot\h
\Pnoun\p a knot or tuft of hair on top of the head.
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\Htopless\h
\Padjective\p without a top, especially of a garment which leaves the breasts bare.
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\Htopnotch\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) first-rate.
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\Htopography\h
\Isay\j\b\i top-\CX1og\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p a detailed description or representation of the geographical features of an area. \Btopographical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i toppa-\CX1graff\j\b\ii-k'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btopographically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htopology\h
\Isay\j\b\i top-\CX1ol\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i the study of those properties of shapes which remain the same when changed by bending, stretching, etc. \IExample:\j\b\i a circle and a square are topologically identical as they each have one inside and one outside. Greek \Itopos\j\b\i place + \B-logy\j\b\i
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\Htopping\h
\Pnoun\p something added on top, such as syrup served with ice-cream.
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\Htopple\h
\Pverb\p to waver unsteadily and tumble down.
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\Htops\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) best.
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\Htop-secret\h
\Padjective\p extremely secret.
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\Htopside\h
\Pnoun\p a boneless cut of beef from the thigh of the animal.
\Isay\j\b\i toke \Pnoun\p a small, close-fitting, usually brimless hat.
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\Htor\h
\Pnoun\p a rocky hill or peak.
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\HTorah\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1taw\j\b\ira \Pnoun\p \IJewish:\j\b\i a) the Law. b) the actual scrolls on which the Law is written.
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\Htorch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small electric lamp powered by batteries.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hand-held light of any burning substance.
\Bcarry a torch for\j\b\i, to suffer unrequited love for.
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\Htore\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Btear (2)\j\b\i.
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\Htoreador\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1torr\j\b\iia-dor \Pnoun\p a bullfighter. Spanish \Itoro\j\b\i bull
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\Htorment\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\iment \Pnoun\p a) great suffering, worry, etc.: 'the \Itorments\j\b\i of toothache'. b) a cause of such suffering: 'that child is a \Itorment\j\b\i to his parents'.
to cause torment to, especially in a persistent manner: 'stop \Itormenting\j\b\i her with your silly questions'. \Btormentor\j\b\i, \Btormenter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itormentum\j\b\i a torture rack
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\Htorn\h
\Pverb\p the past participle of the \Pverb\p \Btear (2)\j\b\i.
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\Htornado\h
\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1nay\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p an extremely intense cyclone with a strong upward spiral force, which follows a narrow track and is caused by the meeting of two air masses of different temperatures. \Btornado\j\b\i is thought to derive from Spanish \Itronada\j\b\i (thunderstorm), from \Itronar\j\b\i (to thunder). It became confused with \Itornar\j\b\i (to turn) and so became \Itornado\j\b\i. First used in English for a violent storm it soon came to be applied to a whirlwind. In America the informal word for a \Itornado\j\b\i is a 'twister'.
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\Htorpedo\h
\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1pee\j\b\i-doe \Pnoun\p a self-propelled, underwater missile, used to destroy ships and fired from a ship, submarine or low-flying aircraft. \Btorpedo\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to attack or destroy with a torpedo.
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\Htorpid\h
\Padjective\p inactive, dull and uninterested. \Btorpidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btorpidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1pidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Btorpidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Itorpidus\j\b\i numb
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\Htorpor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\ipa \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of physical or mental inactivity.
\CX12.\j\b\i the state of dormancy.
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\Htorque\h
\Isay\j\b\i tork \Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i a twisting force; the force which tends to cause rotation. Compare \Jcouple\j\b\i.
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\Htorrent\h
\Pnoun\p a violent, rushing stream. \Btorrential\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1ren\j\b\i-sh'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or like a torrent.
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\Htorrid\h
\Padjective\p extremely hot or scorching, e.g. the sun's heat.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he wrote a \Itorrid\j\b\i love letter' (= passionate). \Btorridly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btorridity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1ridd\j\b\ii-tee), \Btorridness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Htorsion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a twisting force along the axis of a body. \Btorsional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btorsionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htorso\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btorsos\j\b\i
a) the human figure without the head, arms and legs. b) a sculpture of this. Italian
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\Htort\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a wrongful act other than a breach of contract which causes harm to another person and which may lead to a claim for damages. French, wrong
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\Htorte\h
\Isay\j\b\i tawt \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i a rich layered cake.
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\Htortellini\h
plural \Pnoun\p \ICooking:\j\b\i small, ring-like pasta bags filled with meat, chicken, mushrooms, etc.
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\Htortilla\h
\Isay\j\b\i tor-\CX1tee\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p a thin pancake made of cornflour, used as a form of bread in Mexico, etc. Spanish, little cake
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\Htortoise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\itus \Pnoun\p any of a group of reptiles, usually living on land, with its body enclosed in a thick shell into which the legs and head can be withdrawn. Compare \Jturtle\j\b\i.
\Btortoiseshell\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the horny outer shell of a turtle, usually yellow and brown, and used in the making of decorative combs, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a long-haired domestic cat, usually a female, with a yellowish and black coat.
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\Htortuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\i-tewus \Padjective\p twisting, winding or crooked: 'a \Itortuous\j\b\i path down the sides of a canyon'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'Andrew thinks all politicians use \Itortuous\j\b\i logic' (= deceitfully indirect). \Btortuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btortuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itortuosus\j\b\i full of turns and twists
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\Htorture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\icher \Pnoun\p a) the inflicting of extreme pain: 'the prisoner was put to the \Itorture\j\b\i'. b) the pain and suffering so inflicted: 'he underwent the \Itortures\j\b\i of hell'.
\Btorture\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to subject to torture.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'my French teacher said I \Itortured\j\b\i the language' (= twisted, distorted). \Btorturer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btorturous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HTory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a member of the British political party which supported the monarchy and the established order of the Church and State. Compare \Jwhig\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a supporter of conservative views. \BTory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \BToryism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htoss\h
\Pverb\p to throw into or through the air: a) '\Itoss\j\b\i me the newspaper'; b) 'the horse \Itossed\j\b\i its head in fear'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the man \Itossed\j\b\i in his sleep' (= rocked, rolled over).
b) 'we'll \Itoss\j\b\i for who gets the top bunk' (= decide by the toss of a coin).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btoss down\j\b\i, to drink quickly.
\Btoss up\j\b\i, to decide something by the toss of a coin. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Btoss-up\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the tossing of a coin, b) (informal) an even chance. \Btoss\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htot (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small child.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small portion of alcoholic drink.
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\Htot (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btotted\j\b\i, \Btotting\j\b\i)
\Btot up\j\b\i, to add up.
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\Htotal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-t'l \Pnoun\p the sum or whole of something.
\Btotal\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i full or whole.
\CX12.\j\b\i complete or absolute: 'it was a \Itotal\j\b\i failure'.
\Btotal\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btotalled\j\b\i, \Btotalling\j\b\i)
to add up: a) '\Itotal\j\b\i the bill, please'; b) 'the bill \Itotals\j\b\i $60'. \Btotally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btotality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i toe-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state of being total, b) the total. \Btotally\j\b\i is a much overused word, and in many cases it is simply unnecessary. In such phrases as '\Itotally\j\b\i wrong' and '\Itotally\j\b\i perfect' the word \Itotally\j\b\i should be deleted as the words 'wrong' and 'perfect' are absolute terms and do not require further qualification. While the above examples might be acceptable in conversation they are generally to be avoided in formal writing.
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\Htotalisator\h
\Isay\j\b\i tote-a-lie-\CX1zay\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p totalizator an organised system of betting in which winners share the total amount bet on the race, less a percentage for costs and taxes.
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\Htotalitarianism\h
\Isay\j\b\i toe-talli-\CX1tair\j\b\iian-izm \Pnoun\p a political system based on the absolute power of a single party or dictator. \Btotalitarian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htote (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to carry.
#
\Htote (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a totalisator.
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\Htotem\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p a) an animal, plant or object used by a tribe or clan as an emblem. b) a statue or picture of such an object. \Btotemic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i toe-\CX1temm\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btotemism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htotter\h
\Pverb\p to move or sway unsteadily. \Btotter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btottery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htoucan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1too\j\b\ikan \Pnoun\p any of various large tropical American fruit-eating birds with a huge beak.
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\Htouch\h
\Isay\j\b\i tutch \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to bring the hand, finger, etc. lightly into contact with: '\Itouch\j\b\i the paint and see if it's still wet'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to come into contact with: 'the car just \Itouched\j\b\i me as I crossed the road'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'no-one can \Itouch\j\b\i him for genius' (= compare with).
b) 'divorce reform is a matter that \Itouches\j\b\i me very closely' (= concerns).
c) 'the sad story \Itouched\j\b\i his heart' (= affected with pity).
d) 'she only \Itouched\j\b\i on the subject in her talk' (= mentioned briefly).
e) 'Jane won't \Itouch\j\b\i stocks or shares because she's a socialist' (= have anything to do with).
f) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'can I \Itouch\j\b\i you for $20?' (= persuade to lend).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btouch down\j\b\i, a) (\IRugby\j\b\i) to score a try; b) (of an aircraft) to land. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Btouchdown\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Btouch wood\j\b\i, a superstitious action or interjection after expressing a hope.
\Btouch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of touching. b) the state of being in communication, etc.: 'we keep in \Itouch\j\b\i by letter'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'her voice had a \Itouch\j\b\i of bitterness' (= trace).
b) 'Lil put the final \Itouches\j\b\i to the sculpture' (= strokes, details).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the feeling caused by touching: 'the marble had a smooth \Itouch\j\b\i'. b) the sense giving such feeling: 'it was cold to the \Itouch\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a style or manner of touching: 'the pianist had a delicate \Itouch\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bpersonal touch\j\b\i, 'what she lacks is the \Ipersonal touch\j\b\i' (= gift for sympathetic handling of the individual).
\Bsoft touch\j\b\i, a person who is easy to borrow from.
\Btouch and go\j\b\i, an uncertain or risky situation. \IWord Family:\j\b\i \Btouch-and-go\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Btouchable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\HtouchΘ\h
\Isay\j\b\i too-\CX1shay\j\b\i interjection (of a perceptive or telling remark) point taken or good point! French, touched, a call made by a fencer to acknowledge having been hit by one's opponent
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\Htouchily\h
\Padverb\p See \Jtouchy\j\b\i.
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\Htouching\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tutch\j\b\iing \Padjective\p arousing pity or sympathy. \Btouchingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htouchpaper\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tutch\j\b\i-paypa \Pnoun\p a strip of paper containing potassium nitrate, which makes it smoulder slowly. It is used as a fuse for fireworks and explosives.
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\Htouch screen\h
a computer screen which allows a user to select programs, retrieve files, etc. by touching the screen at locations displaying menu options, commands or icons.
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\Htouchstone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tutch\j\b\i-stone \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a black stone on which gold and silver is rubbed to test its purity.
\CX12.\j\b\i any test of quality.
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\Htouch-type\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tutch\j\b\i-tipe \Pverb\p to use a typewriter without looking at the keys.
\Isay\j\b\i tuf \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not easily cut, broken or worn out: 'the steak is too \Itough\j\b\i to chew'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the prisoner was a \Itough\j\b\i character' (= hardened).
\CX12.\j\b\i difficult, trying or severe: 'I couldn't answer her \Itough\j\b\i questions'. \Btoughen\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become tough or tougher; \Btoughly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btoughness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btough\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) a ruffian.
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\Htoupee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1too\j\b\ipay \Pnoun\p a small wig or hairpiece worn to cover a bald patch.
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\Htour\h
\Isay\j\b\i toor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a journey in which a number of places are visited.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a period of duty in a place. \Btour\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htour de force\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toor\j\b\i de force a feat of skill or sustained effort. French
#
\Htouring car\h
also called a \Btourer\j\b\i
an open motor car designed to take several passengers and much luggage.
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\Htourist\h
\Pnoun\p a person who travels for sightseeing and pleasure. \Btourism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htournament\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tor\j\b\ina-m'nt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a competition or series of contests, such as for sport, chess, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IHistory:\j\b\i a contest between knights on horseback armed with blunted weapons. Also called a \Btourney\j\b\i.
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\Htournedos\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toor\j\b\ina-doe \Pnoun\p plural is \Btournedos\j\b\i
a cut of meat from the middle of the fillet. French \Itourner\j\b\i to turn + \Idos\j\b\i back
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\Htourniquet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toor\j\b\ini-kay \Pnoun\p any device used to prevent bleeding by compressing the blood vessels.
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\Htousled\h
\Padjective\p (of hair) unkempt or disordered. \Btousle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htout\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i out \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to obtain and sell information, especially regarding horseraces.
\CX12.\j\b\i to try to gain something in a persistent manner: '\Itouting\j\b\i for favour'.
Short form of to \Btout round\j\b\i. \Btout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who touts, a tipster.
#
\Htow (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i toe \Pverb\p to drag or pull by a rope or chain.
\Btow\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of towing. b) the state of being towed.
\Bin tow\j\b\i, a) 'she arrived with the whole family \Iin tow\j\b\i' (= following); b) 'keep your young brother \Iin tow\j\b\i for his first day at school' (= under guidance). \Btowage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a charge made for towing.
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\Htow (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i toe \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fibre of flax, hemp, etc., prepared for spinning.
\CX12.\j\b\i a pale yellow colour.
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\Htowards\h
preposition toward \CX11.\j\b\i in the direction of: 'she turned \Itowards\j\b\i the door'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'it was \Itowards\j\b\i midnight when he left' (= near).
b) 'here is some money \Itowards\j\b\i a new suit' (= as a contribution to).
\CX12.\j\b\i concerning or in relation to: 'what is your attitude \Itowards\j\b\i compulsory sport?'.
#
\Htowel\h
\Pnoun\p a thick cotton cloth for drying things.
\Bthrow in the towel\j\b\i, to give up or admit defeat. \Btowel\j\b\i (\Btowelled\j\b\i, \Btowelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to dry with a towel; \Btowelling\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an absorbent fabric used for towels, beach clothes, etc.
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\Htower\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i flower \Pnoun\p a tall, narrow building or structure, sometimes forming part of another building.
\Btower of strength\j\b\i, a source of comfort or support.
\Btower\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to rise to a great height.
\Btower over\j\b\i, to rise above or surpass.
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\Htowering\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i tall or lofty: 'a \Itowering\j\b\i skyscraper'.
\CX12.\j\b\i extremely violent or intense: 'a \Itowering\j\b\i rage'.
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\Htowheaded\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1toe\j\b\i-heddid \Padjective\p having pale yellow hair.
#
\Htown\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a distinct, densely populated area which is smaller than a city and with some degree of self-government. b) its inhabitants.
\CX12.\j\b\i the business or commercial centre of such an area, in contrast to the suburbs.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bgo to town\j\b\i, to act with wild enthusiasm.
\Bon the town\j\b\i, seeking entertainment in a town.
#
\Htown hall\h
a building consisting of local government offices and often a large hall for public meetings, etc.
#
\Htown house\h
a small house in a city, often with little or no garden.
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\Htown planning\h
the planning of buildings, services, roads, etc. for a new town or for the extension or improvement of an existing town.
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\Htownship\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small town.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISouth African:\j\b\i an area outside a large town set aside for the non-white population.
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\Htoxaemia\h
\Isay\j\b\i tox-\CX1ee\j\b\i-mee-ah \Pnoun\p toxemia a form of blood poisoning. \Btoxaemic\j\b\i, \Btoxemic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
#
\Htoxic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tok\j\b\i-sik \Padjective\p a) poisonous. b) relating to or caused by poison. \Btoxically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btoxicity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tok-\CX1siss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btoxicology\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tok-see-\CX1koll\j\b\ia-jee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the study of poisons.
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\Htoxic shock syndrome\h
short form is \BTSS\j\b\i
a collapse of the cardiovascular system caused by a bacterial infection in the vagina of women of menstruating age.
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\Htoxin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tok\j\b\isin \Pnoun\p any poison, especially one produced by living things, such as bacteria.
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\Htoxophily\h
\Isay\j\b\i toks-\CX1off\j\b\ii-lee \Pnoun\p archery. Greek \Itoxon\j\b\i a bow + \Iphilein\j\b\i to love
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\Htoy\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any object made to play with.
\CX12.\j\b\i a toy dog.
\Btoy\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to amuse oneself: 'she \Itoyed\j\b\i with the idea of going to London'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to treat or handle lightly or idly: 'she \Itoyed\j\b\i with a pencil as she spoke'.
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\Htoy dog\h
short form is \Btoy\j\b\i
any breed of dog which is very small, e.g. a Pekingese.
#
\Htrace (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any sign or evidence of something having existed, happened or been present: 'the wanted man has disappeared without a \Itrace\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very small amount: 'you have a \Itrace\j\b\i of grey in your hair'.
\Btrace\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to follow the course of: 'we \Itraced\j\b\i the river to its source'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to draw by reproducing outlines on a transparent sheet placed on top of the original.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the agency \Itraces\j\b\i missing persons' (= finds, locates).
b) '\Itrace\j\b\i the plan for me' (= outline, sketch).
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\Htrace (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) the two straps or chains running from each side of a horse's collar to the load or carriage being pulled.
\Bkick over the traces\j\b\i, to rebel.
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\Htrace element\h
any chemical element which is essential for normal animal and plant growth but is needed only in very small amounts.
#
\Htracer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that traces.
\CX12.\j\b\i any ammunition containing a chemical which leaves a trail of smoke or fire, used to check the aim of an automatic weapon.
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\Htracery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trace\j\b\i-a-ree \Pnoun\p a) a decorative pattern of branch-like bars, e.g. on a window. b) any similar pattern or network.
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\Htrachea\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trakk\j\b\iia \Pnoun\p also called the \Bwindpipe\j\b\i
the tube of joined cartilage rings forming the air passage from the larynx to the lungs. \Btracheal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1kee\j\b\i-ul), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htracing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trace\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p a traced copy of something.
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\Htrack\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rough road made by frequent use.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a mark or series of marks left by something that has passed. b) any line or course of movement, such as the flight path of an aircraft.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jrail (1)\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i a course laid out for a particular purpose.
\CX15.\j\b\i an endless, ribbed band of metal passing around the wheels of a vehicle such as a tank, caterpillar, etc.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IAudio:\j\b\i a) any of the bands on a record containing a single piece of music, etc. b) one of the bands on the width of a magnetic tape.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcover (up) one's tracks\j\b\i, to conceal what one has done, where one has been, etc.
\Bin one's tracks\j\b\i, where one is standing.
\Bkeep track of\j\b\i, to follow the course or progress of.
\Blose track of\j\b\i, to fail to stay in touch with.
\Bmake tracks\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to depart.
\Boff the beaten track\j\b\i, a) secluded; b) unusual.
\Boff the track\j\b\i, away from the subject.
\Bon the wrong track\j\b\i, pursuing the wrong course in investigation, reasoning, etc.
\Btrack\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to follow the tracks of: 'we \Itracked\j\b\i the animal to its den'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'children \Itracking\j\b\i in dirt all over his clean floors' (= bringing).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFilm:\j\b\i (of a camera) to move in any direction while filming.
\Btrack down\j\b\i, to search for and find. \Btracker\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that tracks.
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\Htrackball\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a pointing device incorporated on the keyboard which moves the cursor on the screen. a trademark
#
\Htrack events\h
\IAthletics:\j\b\i running-races.
#
\Htracking station\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i an installation with instruments for following the path of a spacecraft, usually by radar.
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\Htrack record\h
a personal history of achievements in any area of endeavour.
#
\Htrack shoes\h
a pair of running shoes with a light sole in which spikes are set.
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\Htracksuit\h
\Pnoun\p a warm outfit worn by athletes when training, between events, etc.
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\Htract (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any large area of land, water, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a group or system of parts, organs, etc. with a related function: 'the digestive \Itract\j\b\i'.
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\Htract (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a pamphlet containing information, as those distributed by a religious group.
#
\Htractable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trak\j\b\ita-b'l \Padjective\p easily managed or dealt with: 'he has a weak and \Itractable\j\b\i nature'. \Btractably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btractability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i trakta-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htraction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act or power of drawing or pulling, e.g. by a railway engine.
\Bin traction\j\b\i, (\IMedicine\j\b\i) being raised and supported, usually with a straining pressure applied by a pulley-like device, e.g. for a broken leg.
#
\Htraction engine\h
an early form of tractor, very large and usually steam powered, for hauling very heavy loads.
#
\Htractor\h
\Pnoun\p a motor vehicle, especially one with heavy tyres, used for pulling machinery or heavy loads.
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\Htrad\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) traditional.
#
\Htrade\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the business or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods.
\CX12.\j\b\i the people involved in a particular business: 'discounts are available only to the \Itrade\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I got these stamps as a \Itrade\j\b\i' (= swap, exchange).
b) 'we do a great \Itrade\j\b\i in cookery books' (= amount of dealing).
\CX13.\j\b\i an occupation, especially one which involves skilled mechanical or manual work as distinct from a profession.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the trade winds.
\Btrade\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to engage in the business of buying, selling or exchanging goods.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'let's \Itrade\j\b\i ideas on the subject' (= exchange).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btrade in\j\b\i, to give as part payment for something being bought, exchanged, etc. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Btrade-in\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which is traded in.
\Btrade on\j\b\i, 'he will try to \Itrade on\j\b\i your weaknesses' (= take advantage of, make use of). \Btrader\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a person who buys, sells or exchanges, b) a ship used for trade.
#
\Htrade gap\h
see \Bbalance of payments\j\b\i under \Bbalance\j\b\i.
#
\Htrademark\h
\Pnoun\p also known as \BÖ\j\b\i
any registered name or mark put on or associated with goods to show that they have been made by a particular manufacturer and to distinguish them from others.
#
\Htrade name\h
the name for an article, business process, etc. used in a trade, but not an official trademark.
#
\Htrade price\h
the price paid for goods by a retailer to a wholesaler, or by members of the same trade.
#
\Htrader\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jtrade\j\b\i.
#
\Htradesman\h
\Pnoun\p a person involved in a trade, especially one who sells or delivers goods.
#
\Htrade union\h
short form is \Bunion\j\b\i
also called a \Blabour union\j\b\i
an organised group of workers providing aid and protection, especially in relation to wages and conditions of work, for all the workers in an industry. \Btrade unionist\j\b\i, a member or supporter of a trade union; \Btrade unionism\j\b\i, a) the methods of trade unions, b) all trade unions.
#
\Htrade winds\h
the north-east and south-east winds which blow fairly regularly from the subtropics towards the equator.
#
\Htrading post\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a general store in a sparsely populated region.
#
\Htradition\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) the passing down of customs, culture, beliefs, etc. from generation to generation. b) something which is passed on in this way.
\Btraditional\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i based on or existing due to tradition: 'Christmas is a \Itraditional\j\b\i celebration'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of jazz) based on the style of music developed from about 1900-20, consisting of improvised instrumental music. Short form is \Btrad\j\b\i. \Btraditionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btraditionalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who believes in the authority of tradition; \Btraditionalist\j\b\i, \Btraditionalistic\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Btraditionalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htraduce\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1dew\j\b\ice \Pverb\p to slander or speak maliciously of.
#
\Htraffic\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the passing or movement of vehicles or persons along a route. b) the vehicles or persons moving.
\CX12.\j\b\i the transporting of people or goods for sale, etc. by land, sea or air.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he is involved in the \Itraffic\j\b\i of drugs' (= shady, illegal trade).
b) 'we have little \Itraffic\j\b\i with our local neighbours' (= communication). \Btraffic\j\b\i (\Btrafficked\j\b\i, \Btrafficking\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to deal or trade, b) to take part in illegal business.
#
\Htragedy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1traj\j\b\i-a-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a story or play, with a serious theme, which usually ends with death or defeat.
\CX12.\j\b\i any event which is disastrous, fatal or dreadful. \Btragedian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1jee\j\b\idian), \Btragedienne\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tra-jeedi-\CX1en\j\b\i), \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who writes or acts in tragedies. \Btragedy\j\b\i is, etymologically, probably connected with goats, coming ultimately from Greek \Itragoidia\j\b\i, from \Itragos\j\b\i (goat) and \Ioide\j\b\i (song). It is thought that in Greek drama there may have been a chorus dressed as satyrs (goat-like gods).
#
\Htragic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1traj\j\b\i-ik \Padjective\p characteristic of or relating to tragedy: 'a \Itragic\j\b\i ending'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'do get rid of that \Itragic\j\b\i expression and cheer up' (= mournful).
b) 'the \Itragic\j\b\i death of a young boxer' (= dreadful). \Btragically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htragicomedy\h
\Isay\j\b\i traji-\CX1komm\j\b\ia-dee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any form of entertainment based on a combination of tragedy and comedy.
\CX12.\j\b\i an event or situation which is both serious and funny. \Btragicomic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htrail\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to drag or allow to drag along the ground, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i to follow slowly: 'he \Itrailed\j\b\i behind them with his sore leg'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the vine \Itrails\j\b\i over the verandah posts' (= hangs, grows).
b) 'the motorcycles roared into town \Itrailing\j\b\i clouds of dust behind them' (= floating).
c) 'a small group \Itrailed\j\b\i along the sand by the water' (= moved in a straggling way).
e) 'police had \Itrailed\j\b\i the suspect for days' (= followed the path or movements of).
\Btrail\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a track, mark or series of marks left behind by something which has passed: a) 'a \Itrail\j\b\i of blood led to the door'. b) 'the invaders left a \Itrail\j\b\i of destruction'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the hounds quickly found the deer's \Itrail\j\b\i' (= track or scent left).
\CX12.\j\b\i a path or track made through a remote area, etc.
#
\Htrail bike\h
a motorcycle designed for use on rough terrain.
#
\Htrailblazer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who is an innovator or a leader in a particular field.
#
\Htrailer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short film containing scenes from a feature film, used as an advertisement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing that trails, especially a small vehicle drawn by another.
\CX13.\j\b\i a caravan.
#
\Htrain\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a set of railway vehicles connected to a locomotive engine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a line or series of vehicles, people, etc.: a) 'the President was followed by a \Itrain\j\b\i of bodyguards'; b) 'a strange \Itrain\j\b\i of events'.
\CX13.\j\b\i something which is drawn behind or follows, such as part of a skirt, etc.
\Btrain\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to instruct or educate for a particular skill, occupation, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the players \Itrained\j\b\i every night' (= practised, exercised to keep fit).
b) 'try to \Itrain\j\b\i the ivy up the wall' (= cause to grow).
c) 'she \Itrained\j\b\i the camera at the pride of lions' (= aimed, pointed).
\Btraining\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the process or routine of developing a particular ability, skill, etc.
\Bout of training\j\b\i, physically unfit. \Btrainer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who trains others; \Btrainee\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tray-\CX1nee\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, a person being trained.
#
\Htraipse\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to walk or travel about, especially in an aimless manner.
#
\Htrait\h
\Isay\j\b\i tray \Ior\j\b\i trate \Pnoun\p a feature or quality which distinguishes or sets apart. French
#
\Htraitor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tray\j\b\i-ta \Pnoun\p a person who betrays his or her country, another person or a belief. \Btraitorous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tray\j\b\ita-rus), \Iadjective\j\b\i, disloyal or treacherous; \Btraitorously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btraitorousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrajectory\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1jek\j\b\ita-ree \Pnoun\p the path, especially a curve, traced by an object moving in the air or space. \Btrans-\j\b\i + Latin \Ijacere\j\b\i to throw
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\Htram\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a passenger vehicle running on rails in the street and usually powered by electricity from an overhead wire. In America called a \Bstreetcar\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMining:\j\b\i a truck for carrying coal.
to hinder or restrict. \Btrammel\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (usually plural) something which hinders or restricts.
#
\Htramp\h
\Pverb\p to walk with steady or heavy steps.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'they \Itramped\j\b\i over the hills during the summer' (= hiked).
\Btramp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person, with no fixed home and usually little or no money, who travels about on foot.
\CX12.\j\b\i a heavy, firm step or tread.
\CX13.\j\b\i a long walk or hike.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iuse is derogatory\j\b\i) a promiscuous woman.
\CX15.\j\b\i a cargo boat with no fixed schedule or route. Short form of \Btramp steamer\j\b\i.
#
\Htrample\h
\Pverb\p to tread on heavily or crushingly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Itrampled\j\b\i on her feelings with cruel taunts' (= treated harshly). \Btrample\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act or sound of trampling.
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\Htrampoline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tram\j\b\ipa-leen \Pnoun\p a canvas sheet held taut by springs in a frame above the floor, used for bouncing and other acrobatic tricks. \Btrampoline\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Italian \Itrampoli\j\b\i stilts
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\Htramway\h
\Pnoun\p a) the system of tracks or cables for a tram. b) the company which owns or operates a transport system of trams.
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\Htrance\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a half-conscious or hypnotised state.
\CX12.\j\b\i a dazed or mentally absorbed state.
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\Htranquil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trang\j\b\i-kwil \Padjective\p free from agitation or disturbance: 'a \Itranquil\j\b\i sleep'.
\Btranquilliser, tranquillizer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
also spelt \Btranquilizer\j\b\i
any drug which has a calming effect without inducing sleep. \Btranquillity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i trang-\CX1kwill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, calmness or peace; \Btranquilly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btranquillise\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become calm and tranquil, especially by the use of a tranquilliser.
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\Htrans-\h
a prefix meaning: a) across, as in \Itransit\j\b\i; b) beyond, as in \Itranscend\j\b\i. Latin
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\Htransaction\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1zak\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a piece of business, such as the sale of some object.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the written records of a society, etc. \Btransact\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to carry out or conduct business.
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\Htransceiver\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1see\j\b\iva \Pnoun\p a radio set able to transmit and receive radiowaves. \Btrans\j\b\i(mitter) + (re)ceiver\j\b\i
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\Htranscend\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1send\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to be or go beyond or above: 'the result \Itranscended\j\b\i our wildest hopes'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to be or do better than.
\Btranscendent\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
going beyond ordinary limits.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her \Itranscendent\j\b\i wit made her a unique writer of comedies' (= superior, first-rate). \Btranscendence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btranscendently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Itranscendere\j\b\i to climb over or beyond
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\Htranscendental\h
\Isay\j\b\i transen-\CX1den\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being or going completely beyond normal human experience, belief or knowledge.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very abstract, obscure or visionary. \Btranscendentally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htranscendentalism\h
\Isay\j\b\i transen-\CX1denta\j\b\i-lizm \Pnoun\p a branch of philosophy concerned with abstract ideas or intuition rather than physical experience. \Btranscendentalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htranscendental meditation\h
the attempted achievement of peace of mind by oriental methods of meditation taught by gurus.
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\Htranscribe\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to express, record or make a copy of in writing.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to rewrite a composition for an instrument other than the one for which it was originally written. \Btranscript\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a written copy or record, especially an official record of a court case; \Btranscription\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of transcribing, b) a written copy or reproduction c) a musical composition which has been transcribed. Latin \Itranscribere\j\b\i to copy
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of transferring: 'the \Itransfer\j\b\i of the money was handled by a teller'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is transferred, such as a design which is removed from paper and pressed onto a surface. \Btransferrer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that transfers; \Btransference\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trans\j\b\ifa-r'nce), \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of transferring.
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\Htransfiguration\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-figga-\CX1ray\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a change in appearance. \Btransfigure\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to change in form or appearance.
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\Htransfix\h
\Pverb\p to pierce through and fix: 'he \Itransfixed\j\b\i the king with his sword'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she was \Itransfixed\j\b\i by the dreadful sight' (= made unable to move).
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\Htransform\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change in form, nature or character: 'experience had \Itransformed\j\b\i her into a wiser person'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i to change the magnitude of an alternating current.
\Btransformer\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that transforms, especially a device which changes the magnitude of an alternating current. \Btransformation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a change in form, condition, etc.
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\Htransfusion\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1few\j\b\i-zh'n \Pnoun\p the transferring of a liquid from one container to another, especially transferring blood from the veins or arteries of one person or animal to another. \Btransfuse\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Htransgress\h
\Pverb\p to go beyond a limit, etc., especially a limit set by law. \Btransgression\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1gresh\j\b\i'n), \Inoun\j\b\i, a crime or sin. \Btrans\j\b\i- + Latin \Igressus\j\b\i gone
to transfer goods from one carrier to another. \Btranshipment\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htransient\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tran\j\b\izi-ent \Padjective\p not lasting or remaining: 'he only left a \Itransient\j\b\i impression'. \Btransience\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Btransiently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btransient\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who remains for only a short time, such as a guest in a hotel.
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\Htransistor\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1ziz\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i a semiconductor device capable of amplification and having three or more electrodes performing the functions of a multi-electrode valve.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small portable radio using such devices. \Btransistorise\j\b\i, \Btransistorize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. \Btrans\j\b\i(fer) + (res)istor\j\b\i
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\Htransit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tran\j\b\izit \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of passing across or through, as the movement of people or goods from one place to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i a) the passage of a planet or star across the meridian of a particular place. b) the passage of a satellite in front of its primary, such as Venus in front of the sun.
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\Htransition\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a passing or changing from one position or condition to another. \Btransitional\j\b\i, \Btransitionary\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, of or during a transition; \Btransitionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htransition element\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the metal elements which has multiple valencies and occurs between group II and group III of the periodic table.
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\Htransitive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tran\j\b\iza-tiv \Padjective\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i (of a \Pverb\p) needing a direct object to complete its meaning. \IExample\j\b\i: the boy \Ibought\j\b\i (a book). Compare \Jintransitive\j\b\i. \Btransitive\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btransitively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htransitory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tran\j\b\iza-tree \Padjective\p not lasting or permanent: 'a \Itransitory\j\b\i illness'.
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\Htranslate\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1late\j\b\i \Pverb\p to express the sense or meaning of something in another language.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his energy was \Itranslated\j\b\i into a violent outburst' (= changed, transformed).
b) 'the saint's remains were \Itranslated\j\b\i to the new chapel' (= moved).
\CX11.\j\b\i the putting of words into another language.
\CX12.\j\b\i a version, passage, etc. which has been or is to be translated.
\CX13.\j\b\i the act of translating. \Btranslator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Btrans\j\b\i- + Latin \Ilatus\j\b\i carried
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\Htransliterate\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1litt\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to change letters or words into corresponding characters of another alphabet or language. \IExample:\j\b\i Greek ╣i transliterates as English \Ipi\j\b\i. \Btransliteration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htranslucent\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1loo\j\b\i-s'nt \Padjective\p allowing light to pass through imperfectly so that objects cannot be seen distinctly. Compare \Jtransparent\j\b\i. \Btranslucently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btranslucence\j\b\i, \Btranslucency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itranslucens\j\b\i shining through
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\Htransmigrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-my-\CX1grate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to migrate, usually through a country en route to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of the soul) to be reborn in another body. \Btransmigration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btransmigratory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htransmission\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1mish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act or process of transmitting, such as the sending of electromagnetic waves from a transmitter to a receiver.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the transfer of motion from one part of a machine to another. b) any device for doing this, such as the gearbox, differential, etc. of a motor car.
to pass on: a) 'to \Itransmit\j\b\i radio messages'; b) 'metal \Itransmits\j\b\i heat'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the disease is \Itransmitted\j\b\i by fleas' (= spread, communicated).
\Btransmitter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that transmits, such as a radio apparatus which creates, modulates and sends out electromagnetic waves to be picked up by a receiver. \Btransmittance\j\b\i, \Btransmittal\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) to change into a different form as if by magic. an old word, coined as a joke
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\Htransmutation\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-mew-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of changing from one form, substance or state to another, especially the theoretical changing of one biological species into another.
\CX12.\j\b\i the conversion of base metals into silver or gold attempted by alchemists. \Btransmute\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to change from one form or state into another; \Btransmutable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htransom\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a horizontal strip, often of wood or stone, which divides a window, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a horizontal crossbar separating a door, etc. from a window above it. b) a small window set above a door.
\CX13.\j\b\i a flat beam forming part of the stern of a boat.
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\Htransparent\h
\Isay\j\b\i trans-\CX1pair\j\b\ient \Padjective\p allowing light to pass through so that objects on the other side may be seen clearly. Compare \Jtranslucent\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her fear was \Itransparent\j\b\i despite her efforts to hide it' (= obvious, easily seen).
\Btransparency\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being transparent. Also spelt \Btransparence\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i a slide. \Btransparently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htranspire\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1spire\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to become known: 'it \Itranspired\j\b\i that the witness had not told the truth'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'what \Itranspired\j\b\i after I left the party?' (= happened).
\CX12.\j\b\i to give off waste matter, etc., as a plant gives off water-vapour through its leaves. \Btranspiration\j\b\i; \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btranspiratory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1spy\j\b\ira-tree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htransplant\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1plahnt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to remove something, such as a tree, etc. from one place and put it in another.
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of transporting. b) a vehicle used for or as a means of transport.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i the cost of transport or travel.
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\Htranspose\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-\CX1spoze\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change or reverse the order or position of.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to move a term from one side of an equation to the other, involving a change of sign.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i to write or play a melody in a key other than the original one. \Btransposition\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i transpa-\CX1zish\j\b\i'n), \Btransposal\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Htransputer\h
\Pnoun\p \IComputers:\j\b\i a very small but powerful microprocessor chip.
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\Htrans-ship\h
\Pverb\p See \Jtranship\j\b\i.
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\Htransubstantiation\h
\Isay\j\b\i tran-sub-stanshi-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the changing of one substance into another. \Btransubstantiate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of the elements beyond uranium in the periodic table; all artificially created, have atomic numbers greater than 92 and most are radioactive with very long half-lives.
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\Htransversal\h
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1ver\j\b\isal \Pnoun\p \IMaths:\j\b\i a line intersecting two or more lines. \Btransversal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, transverse.
\Isay\j\b\i tranz-\CX1ves\j\b\itite \Pnoun\p a person who dresses in the clothing of the opposite sex. \Btransvestism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htrap\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a device for catching animals, such as a cage with a door that snaps shut when the animal enters it.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything used to catch or trick, especially unexpectedly.
\CX13.\j\b\i a device which collects or prevents the passage of fluids, liquids, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a light, two-wheeled passenger vehicle, pulled by a pony.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the mouth.
\CX16.\j\b\i a device which flings objects, such as clay pigeons, into the air to be shot at.
\CX17.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i, \Iplural\j\b\i) luggage or personal belongings.
\Btrap\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btrapped\j\b\i, \Btrapping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to catch in or as if in a trap.
\CX12.\j\b\i to seal off or confine.
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\Htrapdoor\h
\Pnoun\p a door in a floor or roof often flush with the surrounding surface.
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\Htrapeze\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1peez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short bar, with a long rope attached to each end, which is hung above the ground and used by acrobats and gymnasts.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISailing:\j\b\i a harness attached to the boat by a wire enabling a crew member to lean out from the boat.
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\Htrapezium\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1pee\j\b\izium \Pnoun\p plural is \Btrapezia\j\b\i or \Btrapeziums\j\b\i
a quadrilateral having two sides parallel.
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\Htrapper\h
\Pnoun\p a person who traps, especially one who traps animals for their flesh or fur.
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\Htrappings\h
plural \Pnoun\p clothes or equipment, especially if ornamental or ceremonial: 'he was photographed in all the \Itrappings\j\b\i of his office, including a plumed helmet'.
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\Htrapshooting\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of shooting at birds or clay pigeons, hurled into the air by a trap.
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\Htrash\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i rubbish.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or thing considered worthless or contemptible. \Btrashy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthless; \Btrashily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrashiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htrattoria\h
\Isay\j\b\i trat-\CX1aw\j\b\i-reea \Pnoun\p an Italian restaurant which serves inexpensive and casual meals.
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\Htrauma\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1traw\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p plural is \Btraumata\j\b\i or \Btraumas\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IMedicine:\j\b\i an injury.
\CX12.\j\b\i an emotional shock. \Btraumatic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i traw-\CX1matt\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to or produced by a trauma, b) like a trauma; \Btraumatically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btraumatise\j\b\i, \Btraumatize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek, wound
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\Htravail\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1vale\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an old word meaning work or effort, especially if difficult or strenuous. \Btravail\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
to go from one place to another, especially over a considerable distance.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'light \Itravels\j\b\i more quickly than sound' (= moves, is transmitted).
b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'that car must really be \Itravelling\j\b\i' (= moving fast).
\Btravel\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of travelling: 'she went to Greece to write her book about \Itravel\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the distance moved by a part in a machine.
\Btraveller\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
in America spelt \Btraveler\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person who travels, especially to distant or foreign parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a travelling sales representative. \Btravelled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, experienced in travel.
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\Htraveller's cheque\h
a cheque issued by a bank, etc., and signed by the bearer, which can be cashed at most financial institutions or retail establishments if signed again in the presence of the payer.
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\Htravelling salesman\h
also called a \Bcommercial traveller\j\b\i
a sales representative who travels from place to place to sell goods or obtain orders for them.
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\Htravelogue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1travv\j\b\ia-log \Pnoun\p a film or book which describes travel, foreign countries, etc.
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\Htraverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i tra-\CX1verse\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to go across, along or through: 'to \Itraverse\j\b\i a paddock'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'as to the legal position, we have \Itraversed\j\b\i the whole ground' (= examined and discussed thoroughly).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to deny formally.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IMountaineering:\j\b\i to climb in a horizontal or diagonal direction. \Btraverse\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of traversing, b) something which crosses, such as an intersecting line; \Btraversable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htravesty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1travv\j\b\ia-stee \Pnoun\p an exaggerated, ridiculous imitation, often as a form of comedy. \Btravesty\j\b\i (\Btravestied\j\b\i, \Btravestying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to ridicule or make a travesty of.
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\Htrawl\h
\Pverb\p to fish by dragging a net along the seabed.
\Btrawler\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that trawls, especially a fishing boat used for this purpose. \Btrawl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a strong net used for trawling.
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\Htray\h
\Pnoun\p a) a flat object of metal, wood or plastic, often with a raised rim, for holding or carrying articles.
b) the carrying floor of a truck.
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\Htreacherous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tretch\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i betraying trust or faith.
\CX12.\j\b\i not to be trusted or relied on: 'a \Itreacherous\j\b\i smile'. \Btreacherously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btreacherousness\j\b\i, \Btreachery\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Htreacle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tree\j\b\i-k'l \Pnoun\p a dark syrup obtained while refining sugar. \Btreacly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htread\h
\Isay\j\b\i tred \Pverb\p (\Btrod\j\b\i, \Btrodden\j\b\i or \Btrod\j\b\i, \Btreading\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to walk or walk on.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the cattle \Itrod\j\b\i a path to the water-hole' (= made by treading).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i (of birds) to copulate.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btread on someone's toes\j\b\i, to offend someone.
\Btread the boards\j\b\i, to be an actor.
\Btread water\j\b\i, to float in a vertical position by moving the arms and legs in the water.
\Btread\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act, manner or sound of treading.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a tyre that touches the road, usually patterned to improve its grip.
\CX13.\j\b\i the part of a step or stair on which the foot is placed.
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\Htreadle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tredd\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a lever worked by foot, as on a spinning wheel.
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\Htreadmill\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tred\j\b\i-mill \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a machine worked by the weight of people or animals moving a wheel.
\CX12.\j\b\i any job or way of life which is boring or repetitive.
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\Htreason\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tree\j\b\i-z'n \Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i an act of disloyalty to or betrayal of one's country or monarch. \Btreasonable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of or involving treason; \Btreasonably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btreasonableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htreasure\h
\Isay\j\b\i tre\Izh\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p any accumulated wealth, especially in the form of gems, precious metals, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'our last gardener was a real \Itreasure\j\b\i' (= highly valued person).
\Btreasure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to retain carefully or cherish: 'I shall \Itreasure\j\b\i the memory of this day'.
#
\Htreasurer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tre\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\ia-ra \Pnoun\p a person who is in charge of the money of a society, company, city or government.
#
\Htreasure-trove\h
\Pnoun\p any treasure, of unknown ownership, found hidden in the earth.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this book is a \Itreasure-trove\j\b\i of fascinating information' (= valuable source). Old French \Itresor\j\b\i treasure + \ItrovΘ\j\b\i found
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\Htreasury\h
\Isay\j\b\i tre\Izh\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a place where private or public funds are received, kept, and paid out.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) the department of a government that controls such functions.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the Golden \ITreasury\j\b\i of English Poets' (= collection).
#
\Htreasury bill\h
a bill of exchange issued by government to get short-term finance.
#
\Htreat\h
\Isay\j\b\i treet \Pverb\p to act or behave in a specific way towards: 'he \Itreated\j\b\i her with consideration'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they \Itreated\j\b\i the idea as a laughing matter' (= regarded).
b) 'the fabric has been \Itreated\j\b\i to resist shrinkage' (= subjected to chemical or physical processes).
c) 'the doctor is \Itreating\j\b\i me for nervous exhaustion' (= giving medical care).
d) 'the playwright \Itreats\j\b\i the theme of mental illness very delicately' (= handles, deals with).
e) 'they \Itreated\j\b\i her to a birthday lunch' (= entertained).
\Btreat\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which gives unusual pleasure, especially if unexpected: 'it was a \Itreat\j\b\i for the orphans to go to the zoo'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this is going to be my \Itreat\j\b\i' (= turn to pay).
\Btreatment\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or process of treating: 'her skin condition improved after \Itreatment\j\b\i'. b) the manner of treating: 'that camel has suffered from cruel \Itreatment\j\b\i'.
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\Htreatise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tree\j\b\i-tis \Pnoun\p a long, detailed, systematic book or essay on a subject.
#
\Htreaty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tree\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a) a formal agreement between two or more nations. b) the document containing such an agreement.
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\Htreble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trebb\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i being three times as big or having three parts.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i soprano.
\Btreble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a) a soprano singing voice. b) an instrument having this range.
\Btreble\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to multiply by three. Latin \Itriplus\j\b\i triple
#
\Htreble clef\h
\IMusic:\j\b\i See \Jclef\j\b\i.
#
\Htree\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a perennial plant having a single, self-supporting woody trunk, often of considerable height, with branches and foliage developing at some distance from the ground.
\CX12.\j\b\i something having the shape of a tree: 'a family \Itree\j\b\i'.
\Btree\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btreed\j\b\i, \Btreeing\j\b\i)
to force to seek refuge in a tree: 'the dog had the cat thoroughly \Itreed\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's likely to turn vicious once he's \Itreed\j\b\i' (= cornered).
#
\Htree fern\h
a large fern having a trunk-like stem with fronds at the top, and usually growing in rainforest areas.
#
\Htree kangaroo\h
a kind of kangaroo which is adapted for climbing trees and is found in tropical Australia and New Guinea.
#
\Htrefoil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tre\j\b\i-foil \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various clovers, and plants with clover-like leaves.
\CX12.\j\b\i an architectural ornament resembling a three-leafed clover in shape.
#
\Htrek\h
\Pverb\p (\Btrekked\j\b\i, \Btrekking\j\b\i)
to travel, especially arduously or in the bush. \Btrek\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Afrikaans
#
\Htrellis\h
\Pnoun\p a light frame of crossed wooden or metal strips, used for supporting climbing plants, etc. \Btrellis\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to furnish with or train to grow on a trellis.
#
\Htrematode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tremm\j\b\ia-tode \Pnoun\p See \Jfluke (3)\j\b\i.
#
\Htremble\h
\Pverb\p (of a person) to shake involuntarily, e.g. from fear, cold, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the bridge \Itrembled\j\b\i as the train roared across' (= vibrated).
b) 'I \Itremble\j\b\i to think what your father will do when he hears the news' (= feel anxiety). \Btremble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btremblingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htremendous\h
\Isay\j\b\i tre-\CX1men\j\b\idus \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i enormous or very great: 'a boulder of \Itremendous\j\b\i size blocked our path'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) wonderful: 'what a \Itremendous\j\b\i concert that was!'. \Btremendously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btremendousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Itremendus\j\b\i dreadful or fearful
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\Htremolo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tremm\j\b\ia-lo \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a) the rapid reiteration of the same note or of two notes to produce a tremulous effect. b) vibrato.
#
\Htremor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tremm\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a shaking: a) 'there was a nervous \Itremor\j\b\i in her voice'; b) 'an earth \Itremor\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i timid or fearful. \Btremulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btremulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrench\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a long, deep excavation, especially one used to protect soldiers from gunfire, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the front line of battle in Europe in World War 1: 'to be sent to the \Itrenches\j\b\i meant almost certain death'. \Btrench\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to surround or fortify with a trench or trenches, b) to dig trenches in; \Btrench upon\j\b\i, to encroach upon or come close to.
#
\Htrenchant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tren\j\b\i-ch'nt \Padjective\p incisive or keen: 'he has a \Itrenchant\j\b\i wit'. \Btrenchantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrenchancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrench coat\h
a light, cotton raincoat tied with a belt.
#
\Htrencher\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a wooden board on which food was formerly served and carved.
\CX12.\j\b\i See \Jmortar board\j\b\i. \Btrencherman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person with a healthy appetite.
#
\Htrend\h
\Pnoun\p a general movement or tendency: 'the modern \Itrend\j\b\i is towards greater automation'. \Btrend\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to have a general direction; \Btrendy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) keeping up with or influenced by the latest trends; \Btrendy\j\b\i, (informal), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrephine\h
\Isay\j\b\i tree-\CX1feen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also called a \Btrepan\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tree-\CX1pan\j\b\i)
\IMedecine:\j\b\i a) a small saw for removing a disc of bone from the skull or for operating on the cornea. b) an operation to remove a small section of bone marrow, as an aid in diagnosis. \Btrephine\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Greek \Itrypan\j\b\i to bore a hole
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\Htrepidation\h
\Isay\j\b\i treppi-\CX1day\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a state of alarm or agitation.
#
\Htrespass\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to enter or go on to a person's property without permission.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I feel I no longer have the right to \Itrespass\j\b\i on your hospitality' (= encroach).
\CX12.\j\b\i an old word meaning to do wrong: 'as we forgive them that \Itrespass\j\b\i against us'. \Btrespass\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btrespasser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who trespasses on another's property. Old French \Itrespasser\j\b\i to pass over
#
\Htress\h
\Pnoun\p a long lock or curl of hair.
#
\H-tress\h
a suffix used to form feminine \Pnoun\ps, as in \Iactress\j\b\i.
#
\Htrestle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tress\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a supporting structure, usually a beam with a pair of slanted legs at each end.
\Btrestle table\j\b\i
a table made of a board or boards laid across trestles.
#
\Htri-\h
a prefix meaning three, as in \Itriangle\j\b\i. Latin \Itres\j\b\i, Greek \Itreis\j\b\i three
#
\Htriad\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-ad \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of three persons or things.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i any three notes played together.
#
\Htriage\h
\Isay\j\b\i tree-arj \Pnoun\p a selecting or sorting, as of a group of injured, to determine the order of treatment.
#
\Htrial\h
\Isay\j\b\i trile \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i the examination of evidence, followed by a decision on the guilt or innocence of a person, made by a judge or jury.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the process of trying: 'he gave the engine one last \Itrial\j\b\i to see if it would fire'. b) the condition of being tried: 'I have this car on \Itrial\j\b\i for a week'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that's just one of life's little \Itrials\j\b\i' (= hardships, causes of trouble).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICar racing:\j\b\i a test of skill and endurance over a difficult course.
\Btrial and error\j\b\i, a process of investigation, experimentation, etc. in which various theories, methods, etc. are tried, until a successful one is found. \Btrial\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, (informal) to test something.
#
\Htriangle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-ang'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a closed, plane figure with three straight sides.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i an instrument consisting of a thin steel bar bent into a triangle and hit with a small steel rod. \Btriangular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1an\j\b\i-gewla), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, shaped like or bounded by a triangle.
#
\Htriangulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-an-gew-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the measurement of a large area of land, by dividing it into a network of triangles and adding their areas.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the determining of a position by taking bearings from two fixed points a known distance apart and calculating the position on the resultant triangle by trigonometry. \Btriangulate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\HTriassic\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1ass\j\b\iik \Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i See \Jmesozoic\j\b\i. \BTriassic\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htriathlon\h
\Pnoun\p a sporting contest involving the three different sports of swimming, cycling and running.
#
\Htribe\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an independent social group, especially of primitive or nomadic people, claiming or occupying a particular territory, and sharing a common ancestry, leadership or customs.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the winner was pestered by a \Itribe\j\b\i of reporters' (= group).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the group between family and genus, sometimes used in the classification of animals and plants. \Btribal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btribesman\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htribulation\h
\Isay\j\b\i trib-yoo-\CX1lay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p severe trouble or grief.
#
\Htribunal\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1bew\j\b\i-n'l \Pnoun\p a person or group appointed to hear and settle disputes.
#
\Htribune\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trib\j\b\i-yoon \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAncient history:\j\b\i a) an elected Roman magistrate whose duties included protection of the lower classes. b) any of six officers of a legion, each in command for two months of the year.
\CX12.\j\b\i a demagogue or popular leader. \Btribuneship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the office of a tribune.
#
\Htributary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trib\j\b\i-yoo-tree \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a river or stream which flows into a larger one.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person or country that pays tribute.
\Btributary\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i subsidiary: 'a \Itributary\j\b\i stream'.
\CX12.\j\b\i offered as tribute: 'a \Itributary\j\b\i payment'.
#
\Htribute\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trib\j\b\i-yoot \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an acknowledgement of respect, gratitude, admiration, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any payment that one nation or ruler demands from another for peace, protection, etc.
#
\Htrice\h
\Pnoun\p a very short period of time.
#
\Htricentenary\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-sen-\CX1tee\j\b\ina-ree \Pnoun\p a) a period of 300 years. b) a 300th anniversary. \Btricentennial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i try-sen-\CX1tenn\j\b\iial), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htriceps\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-seps \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the large muscle at the back of the upper arm which branches into three parts and controls movement of the forearm.
#
\Htrick\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an action or device designed to deceive, outwit or gain an advantage: 'the phone call was a \Itrick\j\b\i to lure her out of the house'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I don't think I'll ever get the \Itrick\j\b\i of cooking omelettes' (= knack).
b) 'the performing dog went through its repertoire of \Itricks\j\b\i' (= skilful feats).
c) 'she has an odd \Itrick\j\b\i of stroking the side of her nose when she's thoughtful' (= mannerism).
\CX12.\j\b\i a spell of duty: 'the sailor came up to take his \Itrick\j\b\i at the wheel'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i all the cards which are involved and may be won in one round.
\Bdo the trick\j\b\i, 'that should \Ido the trick\j\b\i' (= achieve the desired result).
\Btrick\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to deceive or cheat by a trick or tricks. \Btrickery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the practice of tricks; \Btrickster\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who habitually tricks people; \Btricky\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) given to or characterised by trickery, b) requiring skill or difficult to handle; \Btrickily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrickiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrickle\h
\Pverb\p (of a liquid) to flow or cause to flow in a thin stream or in drops.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'at peak hour the cars just \Itrickle\j\b\i through the city' (= move slowly). \Btrickle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htricolour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trik\j\b\i-ulla \Ior\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-kulla \Pnoun\p tricolor a flag having three colours, especially the French flag. \Btricolour\j\b\i, \Btricoloured\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, having three colours.
#
\Htricycle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-sikk'l \Pnoun\p See \Jbicycle\j\b\i.
#
\Htrident\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-d'nt \Pnoun\p a three-pronged fork, especially as the emblem of Neptune, the sea-god.
#
\Htried\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Btry\j\b\i.
#
\Htriennial\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1enn\j\b\iiul \Padjective\p of, relating to or occurring every three years. \Btriennial\j\b\i, \Btriennium\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1enn\j\b\iium), \Inouns\j\b\i, a period of three years; \Btriennially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htrifecta\h
\Pnoun\p a bet, usually on a horse race, specifying the first three placegetters in order; or a race for which such bets are taken.
#
\Htrifle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-f'l \Pverb\p to treat something as if it had no value or importance: 'he \Itrifled\j\b\i with her affections once too often'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he \Itrifled\j\b\i with a letter opener as he spoke' (= played).
b) 'I seem to have \Itrifled\j\b\i the whole day away' (= wasted, passed idly).
\Btrifle\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a thing or event of little value or importance: 'don't get upset over \Itrifles\j\b\i'. b) a small amount of money: 'I bought it for a \Itrifle\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this jacket is a \Itrifle\j\b\i too short' (= little).
\CX12.\j\b\i a dessert made from sponge cake, fruit, cream and occasionally sherry or brandy. \Btrifler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btrifling\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, small or unimportant; \Btriflingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htrigger\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various mechanisms which release a spring: 'the \Itrigger\j\b\i of a gun'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectricity:\j\b\i any circuit used to set another circuit in operation by a single pulse.
\Btrigger\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to start or set off: 'the explosion \Itriggered\j\b\i off a series of secondary explosions'.
#
\Htrigger-happy\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) inclined to shoot at the slightest provocation.
#
\Htrigonometric functions\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the functions of angles used extensively in geometry and analysis and widely applied in engineering, surveying, etc. The functions are \Bsine\j\b\i, \Bcosine\j\b\i, \Btangent\j\b\i, \Bcotangent\j\b\i, \Bsecant\j\b\i and \Bcosecant\j\b\i.
#
\Htrigonometry\h
\Isay\j\b\i trigga-\CX1nomm\j\b\ia-tree \Pnoun\p a branch of maths studying the relationships between angles and sides of triangles and other figures. \Btrigonometric\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i triggona-\CX1met\j\b\irik), \Btrigonometrical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htrilateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p having three sides. \Btrilaterally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htrilby\h
\Pnoun\p a soft, felt hat with a dent in the crown.
#
\Htrilinear\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1linn\j\b\iia \Padjective\p of, relating to or bounded by three lines.
#
\Htrilingual\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1ling\j\b\i-w'l \Padjective\p using or involving three languages.
#
\Htrill\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a quavering or tremulous sound, such as is made by certain birds.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a very fast alternation of two notes either a tone or a semitone apart. \Btrill\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htrillion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tril\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol for which is now usually 1 000 000 000 000 or 10{\up6 12\j\b\i (a thousand billion), as in America or France; but also 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 or 10{\up6 18\j\b\i (a million billion). Compare \Jbillion\j\b\i.
#
\Htrilogy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trill\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p a series of three related novels or plays, each complete by itself, but having the same general subject or characters.
#
\Htrim\h
\Pverb\p (\Btrimmed\j\b\i, \Btrimming\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to make neat or tidy by clipping or pruning: 'he \Itrimmed\j\b\i his beard'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove by cutting: 'to \Itrim\j\b\i away the loose threads'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to ornament or decorate: 'the hat was \Itrimmed\j\b\i with feathers'.
\CX14.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i a) to adjust the sails to suit the wind. b) to distribute cargo or ballast so that a ship is well-balanced.
\CX15.\j\b\i (of an aircraft in flight) to level off.
\Btrim\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a state of good order or fitness: a) 'everything was in good \Itrim\j\b\i', b) 'the boxer was in fighting \Itrim\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i ornamentation or material used for decorating, such as the upholstery and other fittings of a car.
\CX13.\j\b\i a haircut which neatens the appearance of the hair without altering the style. \Btrim\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, in good or neat order; \Btrimmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that trims; \Btrimly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrimness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htrimaran\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-ma-ran \Pnoun\p a boat or raft with three hulls which are parallel and joined above the water. Compare \Jcatamaran\j\b\i.
#
\Htrimester\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-mesta \Pnoun\p a period or term of three months.
#
\Htrimming\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something that is added for ornament or to give a finished effect.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece that is cut off or removed by trimming.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any extras or accessories: 'I bought a new bicycle with all the \Itrimmings\j\b\i'.
#
\Htrimness\h
\Pnoun\p
See \Jtrim\j\b\i.
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\Htrinitrotoluene\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-nite-ro-\CX1tol\j\b\i-yoo-een \Pnoun\p short form is \BTNT\j\b\i
a pale yellow crystalline solid which is a powerful explosive. It is safe to handle as it requires a detonator and is used in bombs and other weapons.
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\HTrinity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trinn\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i the three persons of the Godhead: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, being one God.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Inot capital\j\b\i) a) any group of three. b) the state of being threefold.
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\Htrinket\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bgew-gaw\j\b\i
a small ornamental article, such as a gem, usually of little value.
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\Htrio\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tree\j\b\i-o \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any group of three people or things.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a group of three musicians. b) a musical composition for three musicians or instruments. c) a middle section of a minuet, march, etc. Italian
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\Htriode\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-ode \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i a valve with three electrodes, an anode, a cathode and a grid. \Btri-\j\b\i + (electr)ode\j\b\i
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\Htrioxide\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1ok\j\b\iside \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i an oxide containing three atoms of oxygen.
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\Htrip\h
\Pverb\p (\Btripped\j\b\i, \Btripping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i a) to catch one's foot and almost fall: 'I \Itripped\j\b\i over the step'. b) to cause to almost fall: 'I put out my foot and \Itripped\j\b\i him'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move quickly or with short, light steps.
\CX13.\j\b\i to travel: 'we \Itripped\j\b\i across Europe for three months'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to take or experience the effects of a hallucinogenic substance, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
\CX15.\j\b\i to release or be released: 'this lever \Itrips\j\b\i the catch and the door swings open'.
\Btrip up\j\b\i, a) to make or cause to make a mistake; b) to catch in a mistake.
\Btrip\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a journey, especially one for pleasure.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the effects of a hallucinogenic drug. \Btripper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who goes on pleasure excursions; \Btripping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the act of a person who trips; \Btripping\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, light and nimble; \Btrippingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htripartite\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1par\j\b\itite \Padjective\p being divided into, or composed of, three parts.
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\Htripe\h
\Pnoun\p the flat, white, stomach-lining of cattle, often cooked.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'I refuse to listen to \Itripe\j\b\i like that' (= nonsense).
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\Htriplane\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-plane \Pnoun\p an aeroplane with three pairs of wings, one above the other.
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\Htriple\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tripp\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p being three times as big or having three parts. \Btriple\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become three times as many or as large; \Btriple\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a group or set of three.
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\Htriple jump\h
See \Jhop, skip and jump\j\b\i.
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\Htriple point\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the temperature and pressure at which three phases of a material (solid, liquid and gas) can exist simultaneously.
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\Htriplet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a group of three of a kind.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of three offspring born at one birth.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IPoetry:\j\b\i a group of three rhyming lines.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a group of three equal notes performed in the time of two.
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\Htriplicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trip\j\b\ili-kit \Padjective\p made with three copies.
\Btriplicate\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any of three identical things. \Btriplicate\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trip\j\b\ili-kate), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btriplication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htripod\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-pod \Pnoun\p a stool or stand with three legs, as is used to support a camera.
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\Htripping\h
\Pnoun\p, \Padjective\p
See \Jtrip\j\b\i.
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\Htriptych\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trip\j\b\i-tik \Pnoun\p a series of paintings on three panels side by side. Compare \Jdiptych\j\b\i. Greek \Itriptykhos\j\b\i three-folded
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\Htrireme\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-reem \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i a war galley with three banks of oarsmen, one above the other. \Btri-\j\b\i + Latin \Iremus\j\b\i an oar
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\Htrisect\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1sekt\j\b\i \Pverb\p to divide into three, usually equal, parts.
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\Htrishaw\h
\Pnoun\p a three-wheeled pedal cycle which can carry passengers.
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\Htrite\h
\Padjective\p commonplace or lacking originality. \Btritely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btriteness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htritium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tritt\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, widely used in research.
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\Htriumph\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1try\j\b\i-umf \Pnoun\p a) a victory or success. b) a feeling of joy because of a victory.
\CX12.\j\b\i exultant because of a victory or success. \Btriumph\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btriumphal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1um\j\b\i-f'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or in the nature of a triumph; \Btriumphantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htriumvir\h
\Isay\j\b\i try-\CX1um\j\b\iver \Pnoun\p \IAncient history:\j\b\i any of three men who shared joint administrative authority in Rome.
\CX11.\j\b\i the position or term of office of a triumvir.
\CX12.\j\b\i any group of three people who together exercise authority or control.
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\Htrivalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i tri-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nt \Padjective\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i having a valency or combining power of three.
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\Htrivet\h
\Pnoun\p a low, metal stand on legs, used to support hot dishes, food in a pressure cooker, etc. Latin \Itripes\j\b\i three-footed
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\Htrivial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trivv\j\b\ii-al \Padjective\p insignificant or of trifling value: 'the parliamentary bill was held up by \Itrivial\j\b\i objections'. \Btrivially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btriviality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i trivvi-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the state or quality of being trivial, b) a trivial matter, event, idea, etc.; \Btrivia\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trivv\j\b\ii-a), \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i, any insignificant or unimportant matters; \Btrivialise\j\b\i, \Btrivialize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Itrivialis\j\b\i commonplace
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\Htrochee\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tro\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p \IPoetry:\j\b\i See \Jfoot\j\b\i. \Btrochaic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tro-\CX1kay\j\b\i-ik), \Iadjective\j\b\i, relating to or composed of trochees. Greek \Itrokheios\j\b\i running
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\Htrod\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Btread\j\b\i.
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\Htrodden\h
\Pverb\p a past participle of the \Pverb\p \Btread\j\b\i.
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\Htroglodyte\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trog\j\b\ila-dite \Pnoun\p a) a cave-dweller. b) a hermit or recluse.
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\Htroika\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troy\j\b\ika \Pnoun\p a Russian vehicle drawn by a team of three horses running abreast. Russian \Itroie\j\b\i three
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\HTrojan\h
\Pnoun\p a person of great courage or determination. after the people of the ancient city of \ITroy\j\b\i who fought a ten-year war
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\Htrojan horse\h
\IComputers\j\b\i: See \Jvirus\j\b\i.
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\Htroll\h
\Pnoun\p \IScandinavian mythology:\j\b\i a supernatural being, sometimes believed to be a giant and sometimes a mischievous dwarf.
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\Htrolley\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small table on wheels, for carrying dishes, food, etc. b) a small truck running on rails, e.g. in a coalmine.
\CX12.\j\b\i a trolleybus.
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\Htrolleybus\h
\Pnoun\p a bus powered by electricity from two overhead wires.
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\Htrolley car\h
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a tram.
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\Htrollop\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troll\j\b\iup \Pnoun\p a) (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a slovenly or promiscuous woman. b) a prostitute.
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\Htrombone\h
\Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a brass, wind instrument in which a slide is moved to lengthen or shorten the tube. \Btrombonist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htroop\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an assembled company: 'a \Itroop\j\b\i of admirers followed him everywhere'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMilitary:\j\b\i a) (\Iusually plural\j\b\i) soldiers. b) a tactical unit of cavalry.
\Btroop\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to come, go or gather as a troop: 'the children \Itrooped\j\b\i out of school'.
\Btroop the colour\j\b\i, to carry the colour or flag of a regiment ceremoniously before the troops on parade.
troop, troupe\j\b\i both concern groups of people. \ITroop\j\b\i generally refers to a group of soldiers; whereas \Itroupe\j\b\i refers to a travelling group of entertainers, usually actors or other performers.
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\Htrooper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a soldier in the cavalry or armoured corps.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mounted police officer.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i a state police officer.
\Bswear like a trooper\j\b\i, to use very bad language.
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\Htrophy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tro\j\b\i-fee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i something kept in memory of a victory: 'he took his enemy's sword for a \Itrophy\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a prize, especially for the winner of a sporting competition.
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\Htropic\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the area of the earth lying in the region of the equator. Also called the \Btorrid zones\j\b\i.
the \Btropic of Cancer\j\b\i is the line of latitude at about 23░ 30{\f14684 9\j\b\i North, indicating the northernmost point at which the sun can be overhead at noon.
the \Btropic of Capricorn\j\b\i is the line of latitude at about 23░ 30{\f14684 9\j\b\i South, indicating the southernmost point at which the sun can be overhead at noon. \Btropical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or occurring in the tropics.
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\Htropical cyclone\h
also called a \Bcyclone\j\b\i, a \Btyphoon\j\b\i or a \Bhurricane\j\b\i
\IWeather:\j\b\i an area of low pressure, with heavy rain and circular winds, up to 350 km per hour, around a central area of about 30 km in which the air is relatively calm.
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\Htropism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tro\j\b\i-pizm \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the involuntary response of an organism to an external stimulus. \IExample\j\b\i: the orientation of the leaves of certain plants towards the sun is a tropism. Greek \ItropΘ\j\b\i turning
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\Htroposphere\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tropp\j\b\ia-sfeer \Pnoun\p the lower layers of the atmosphere below the stratosphere, up to about 20 km from the earth's surface.
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\Htrot\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a gait of a horse between a walk and canter, in which groups of two distinct hoof-beats may be heard as the legs move in diagonal pairs.
\CX12.\j\b\i a running or jogging gait using quick, short steps.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any races in which horses must trot or pace.
\Btrot\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Btrotted\j\b\i, \Btrotting\j\b\i)
to move or run at a trot.
\Btrot out\j\b\i, to produce or bring out.
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\Htroth\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning: a) faithfulness or loyalty; b) truth.
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\HTrotskyite\h
\Pnoun\p Trotskyist an anti-Soviet Marxist who advocates world revolution, in contrast to Lenin's policy of 'socialism in one country' (that is, in Russia). the policy of \ILeon Trotsky\j\b\i, who was expelled from Russia in 1924
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\Htrotter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the foot of an animal, especially the pig or sheep.
\CX12.\j\b\i a horse bred or trained for trotting races.
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\Htroubadour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troo\j\b\iba-dor \Pnoun\p a travelling musician and singer, especially in medieval France.
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\Htrouble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trubb\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to cause worry or anxiety, etc.: 'my son's violent behaviour \Itroubles\j\b\i me'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the pebble \Itroubled\j\b\i the still water' (= agitated).
b) 'don't \Itrouble\j\b\i to meet me at the station' (= concern yourself).
c) 'I'm sorry to \Itrouble\j\b\i you' (= disturb).
\Btrouble\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) worry, anxiety or misfortune: 'you do nothing but cause \Itrouble\j\b\i for your parents'. b) a person or thing causing this: 'these beds are a \Itrouble\j\b\i to make'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'strikes are a sign of industrial \Itrouble\j\b\i' (= unrest).
\Bin trouble\j\b\i, in a position likely to bring hardship or punishment. \Btroublesome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, causing trouble. Latin \Iturbidus\j\b\i crowded, disturbed
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\Htroubled waters\h
a state of unrest or confusion.
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\Htrouble-shooter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who finds and eliminates causes of trouble.
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\Htrough\h
\Isay\j\b\i trof \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an open box-like container used for feeding or watering animals, washing clothes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i an area of low pressure extending from a low.
\CX13.\j\b\i a long, narrow channel, as the low point between successive ocean waves.
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\Htrounce\h
\Isay\j\b\i trowns \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to beat or defeat severely.
\CX12.\j\b\i to punish or reprimand. \Btrouncing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htroupe\h
\Isay\j\b\i troop \Pnoun\p a group of actors or performers, especially ones who travel about.
\Btrouper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a member of a troupe.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a loyal and hard-working person.
See \Jtroop\j\b\i.
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\Htrousers\h
plural \Pnoun\p also called \Bslacks\j\b\i and \Bpants\j\b\i
a piece of clothing covering the lower half of the body, enclosing each leg separately. \Btrouser\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htrousseau\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troo\j\b\i-so \Pnoun\p the clothes and household items which a bride brings with her on marriage. French \Itrousse\j\b\i bundle
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\Htrout\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Btrout\j\b\i
any of a group of freshwater fish related to the salmon and highly esteemed as sport and food.
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\Htrow\h
\Isay\j\b\i tro \Pverb\p an old word meaning to think or believe.
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\Htrowel\h
\Pnoun\p any of various short-handled tools especially those with a flat blade for spreading mortar or a curved blade for gardening.
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\Htroy weight\h
a system of units of mass for precious metals and gems. The units are \Bgrain\j\b\i, \Bpennyweight\j\b\i, \Bounce\j\b\i, and \Bpound\j\b\i.
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\Htruant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troo\j\b\i-ant \Pnoun\p a pupil who stays away from school without permission.
\Bplay truant\j\b\i, to be a truant \Btruant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, idle or wandering; \Btruancy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troo\j\b\i-an-see), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btruant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htruce\h
\Isay\j\b\i troos \Pnoun\p an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time.
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\Htruck (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a motor vehicle for carrying heavy loads.
\CX12.\j\b\i any wheeled structure for moving heavy goods, such as a railway van or a handcart.
\Btruck\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to transport goods by truck. \Btrucker\j\b\i, \Btruckie\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, a person who drives or supplies a truck or trucks.
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\Htruck (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i dealings: 'I want no \Itruck\j\b\i with you and your mad ideas'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i garden produce grown for the market: '\Itruck\j\b\i farming'.
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\Htruculent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1truk\j\b\i-yoo-l'nt \Padjective\p aggressive or belligerent. \Btruculence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btruculently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htrudge\h
\Pverb\p to walk heavily or wearily. \Btrudge\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htrue\h
\Isay\j\b\i troo \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i corresponding to the actual state of things: 'it was an unlikely story but he insisted it was \Itrue\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not artificial or counterfeit: '\Itrue\j\b\i gold'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'does the instrument give \Itrue\j\b\i readings?' (= accurate).
\CX13.\j\b\i loyal or faithful: 'a \Itrue\j\b\i and trusted follower'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of a compass direction) related to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles: '\Itrue\j\b\i north'.
\Btrue\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
in a true or truthful manner.
\Bcome true\j\b\i, to happen in reality.
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\Htrue-blue\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of firm principles or loyalty.
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\Htruffle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an underground fungus, considered a delicacy.
\CX12.\j\b\i a round soft sweet, usually with a chocolate flavour.
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\Htruism\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1troo\j\b\i-izm \Pnoun\p an obvious or self-evident truth.
\CX12.\j\b\i with accuracy: 'this sewing machine won't hem \Itruly\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i undeniably: 'a \Itruly\j\b\i superb meal'.
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\Htrump\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i a) (\Iplural\j\b\i) the chosen suit, all of whose cards outrank any others during a particular hand. b) a card of this suit.
\CX12.\j\b\i a powerful or decisive act, initiative, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an admirable person.
\Bturn, come up trumps\j\b\i, to turn out better or more helpful than one expected.
\Btrump\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\ICards:\j\b\i a) to play a trump. b) to win a trick by playing a trump.
\Btrump up\j\b\i, to invent something in order to deceive. \Btrumped-up\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Htrumpery\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trum\j\b\ipa-ree \Pnoun\p worthless finery or display. French \Itromper\j\b\i to deceive
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\Htrumpet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a high-pitched, brass, wind instrument with a flared bell-shaped end.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape of a trumpet.
\CX13.\j\b\i a trumpet-like sound, such as the cry of an elephant.
\Bblow one's own trumpet\j\b\i, to praise oneself.
\Btrumpet\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
a) to blow a trumpet. b) to make a trumpet-like sound.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Itrumpeted\j\b\i the news all over town' (= proclaimed). \Btrumpeter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who plays the trumpet.
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\Htruncated\h
\Isay\j\b\i trun-\CX1kay\j\b\i-tid \Padjective\p shortened by having a part or end cut off. \Btruncate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Itruncare\j\b\i to mutilate, lop off
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\Htruncheon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1trun\j\b\i-ch'n \Pnoun\p a short club or baton.
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\Htrundle\h
\Pverb\p to move or roll along, especially something which is heavy or awkward.
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\Htrunk\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the main stem of a tree excluding the roots and branches.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the main part of the body excluding the head, neck, arms and legs.
\CX13.\j\b\i a large box with a hinged lid, for carrying or storing clothes, etc.
\CX14.\j\b\i a long, flexible snout, such as an elephant's.
\CX15.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any shorts or underpants, such as a pair of men's bathers.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IAmerican:\j\b\i the boot of a car.
\Btrunk\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i relating to a telephone line connecting two distant exchanges.
\CX12.\j\b\i relating to a main line or artery: 'the capital cities were connected by the main \Itrunk\j\b\i railway line'.
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\Htruss\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a padded belt worn to support a hernia.
\CX12.\j\b\i a framework constructed so that all the forces on its parts are either tensions or compressions, used to support bridges, roofs, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a bundle, e.g. of hay, etc.
\Btruss\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to tie up or bind.
\CX12.\j\b\i to support with a truss or trusses.
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\Htrust\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a firm belief in something: 'I have full \Itrust\j\b\i in your ability to succeed'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'to be treasurer of the club is a position of \Itrust\j\b\i' (= responsibility).
\CX12.\j\b\i a) something or someone committed to one's custody: 'I let him look after my finances but he betrayed the \Itrust\j\b\i'. b) the obligations resulting from this: 'he regarded the tending of his late wife's garden almost as a sacred \Itrust\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a relationship between two people whereby property is held by one person for the benefit of the other.
\CX14.\j\b\i \ICommerce:\j\b\i a fund of money and other assets which is invested on behalf of the contributors.
\Bon trust\j\b\i, a) 'you'll have to take my word \Ion trust\j\b\i ' (= without proof); b) 'may I buy these goods \Ion trust\j\b\i?' (= on credit).
\Btrust\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to have or place trust in: a) 'I don't \Itrust\j\b\i his promises'; b) 'can I \Itrust\j\b\i you not to reveal the secret?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Itrust\j\b\i you'll have a pleasant journey' (= hope). \Btrusting\j\b\i, \Btrustful\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, having ready trust or confidence; \Btrustingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrustingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btrustworthy\j\b\i, \Btrusty\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, able or worthy to be trusted; \Btrustworthily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btrustworthiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Btrusty\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a trusted person or thing.
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\Htrustee\h
\Pnoun\p \ILaw:\j\b\i a) a person appointed to take care of the business affairs of an institution, company, etc. b) a person who holds property for the benefit of another. \Btrusteeship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htruth\h
\Isay\j\b\i trooth \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) that which is true: 'are you telling the \Itruth\j\b\i?'. b) the quality or state of being true: 'there is no \Itruth\j\b\i to the rumour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has been verified or cannot be disputed: 'a scientific \Itruth\j\b\i'.
\Bin truth\j\b\i, in fact or reality. \Btruthful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) telling the truth, b) true; \Btruthfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btruthfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htruth drug\h
a drug used to render a person under investigation more likely to tell the truth.
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\Htry\h
\Pverb\p (\Btried\j\b\i, \Btrying\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to attempt: '\Itry\j\b\i to speak quietly'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to test: '\Itry\j\b\i the soup and see whether you like it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'this one won't write; \Itry\j\b\i a new pen' (= use).
b) 'you're \Itrying\j\b\i my patience' (= straining).
\CX13.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i to determine the guilt or innocence of a person during a trial.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btry on\j\b\i, to put on clothes, etc. to see if they fit or look good.
\Btry one's hand at\j\b\i, to attempt to do something, especially something which one has not done before.
\Btry out\j\b\i, to test or experiment with. \IWord Family\j\b\i: \Btryout\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Btry\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an attempt, endeavour or effort.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IFootball:\j\b\i (in Rugby) the act of carrying the ball over the opposing team's goal line and touching the ground with it. The scoring side then tries to score a goal from a place kick.
Also called a \Btouchdown\j\b\i. \Btrier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who tries hard.
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\Htrying\h
\Padjective\p annoying or irritating: 'nothing went right during the \Itrying\j\b\i day at the office'.
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\Htry square\h
an implement consisting of two straight edges fastened at right angles, used to test squareness.
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\Htryst\h
\Isay\j\b\i trist \Pnoun\p an appointment or meeting, especially between lovers. Old French \Itriste\j\b\i a waiting-place (a hunting term)
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\Htsar\h
\Isay\j\b\i zar \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bczar\j\b\i or \Btzar\j\b\i
\IHistory:\j\b\i an emperor or king, especially in Russia from 1547 to 1917. \Btsarina\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i zar-\CX1ree\j\b\ina), \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of tsar, b) the wife of a tsar; \Btsarevitch\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1zar\j\b\ia-vitch), \Inoun\j\b\i, the son or eldest son of a tsar; \Btsarist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a supporter of a tsar or government by tsars. Russian, from Latin \ICaesar\j\b\i
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\Htsetse fly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tset\j\b\i-tsee fly
an African, blood-sucking fly which may transmit sleeping sickness to humans and various serious diseases to cattle.
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\HT-shirt\h
\Pnoun\p also spelt \Btee-shirt\j\b\i
a light, cotton shirt with short sleeves and no collar. from its shape when spread out
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\HT-square\h
\Pnoun\p a T-shaped ruler used for drawing parallel lines, etc.
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\Htsunami\h
\Isay\j\b\i tsoo-\CX1nar\j\b\i-mee \Pnoun\p See \Jtidal wave\j\b\i. Japanese
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\Htub\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any large, open vessel made of metal, wood, etc., used for washing, growing plants, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an old or slow boat.
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\Htuba\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a low-pitched, valved, brass, wind instrument.
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\Htubal ligation\h
an operation to cut and tie the Fallopian tubes to produce sterility.
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\Htubby\h
\Padjective\p short, round and fat. \Btubbiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htube\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any extended hollow cylinder made from glass, metal, rubber, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape of this, such as some organs of the human body: 'the bronchial \Itubes\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a soft container with a screw cap at one end: 'a \Itube\j\b\i of toothpaste'.
\CX14.\j\b\i a) a cylindrical tunnel for an underground railway. b) an underground train or railway.
\CX15.\j\b\i an electrical valve: 'a television \Itube\j\b\i'. \Btubing\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tube\j\b\i-ing), \Inoun\j\b\i, any material in the form of a tube; \Btubular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tube\j\b\i-yoo-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i, having, consisting of or shaped like a tube.
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\Htuber\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\iba \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the swollen end of an underground stem, such as a potato, containing a store of food and acting as an organ of vegetative reproduction. \Btuberous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or producing tubers. Latin, bump or swelling
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\Htuberculosis\h
\Isay\j\b\i tew-berkew-\CX1lo\j\b\i-sis \Pnoun\p a bacterial disease often affecting the lungs, causing a swelling (called a \Btubercle\j\b\i) in the affected tissue. \Btubercular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1ber\j\b\ikew-la), \Btuberculous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i. Latin \Ituberculum\j\b\i a small swelling + \B-osis\j\b\i
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\Htuberose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\iba-rose \Pnoun\p a Mexican garden plant with spikes of fragrant, cream, lily-like flowers growing from a bulb.
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\Htubing\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tube\j\b\i-ing \Pnoun\p
See \Jtube\j\b\i.
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\Htubular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tube\j\b\i-yoo-lar \Padjective\p
See \Jtube\j\b\i.
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\Htuck\h
\Pnoun\p \INeedlework:\j\b\i a fold made by doubling cloth on itself, and stitching parallel to the fold.
\Btuck\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fold under or press in the loose edge or end of: a) '\Ituck\j\b\i the blankets under the mattress'; b) '\Ituck\j\b\i in your shirt'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make tucks in, by folding and stitching.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a little cottage \Itucked\j\b\i away in the forest' (= snugly hidden, concealed).
b) 'he \Itucked\j\b\i his legs under the bench' (= drew up).
c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'she \Itucked\j\b\i into the lobster salad' (= ate heartily).
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\Htucker\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) food.
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\Htuckered-out\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) exhausted.
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\Htuckshop\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a shop in or near a school selling food and drinks to pupils.
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\HTuesday\h
\Pnoun\p the third day of the week. named after the ancient German god \ITiw\j\b\i, identified with Mars
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\Htuff\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeology:\j\b\i a rock formed by compacted layers of ash from a volcano.
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\Htuft\h
\Pnoun\p a bunch of feathers, hair, grass, etc. growing or held together at the base. \Btufted\j\b\i, \Btufty\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, containing tufts.
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\Htug\h
\Pverb\p (\Btugged\j\b\i, \Btugging\j\b\i)
to pull or pull at forcefully: 'stop \Itugging\j\b\i my hair'.
\Btug\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of tugging: 'give the rope a hard \Itug\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small boat with a powerful engine used to tow and manoeuvre other ships. Short form of \Btugboat\j\b\i.
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\Htug of war\h
a competition between two teams, in which each holds an end of a rope, the aim being for one team to pull the other across a central line.
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\Htuition\h
\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1ish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p a) the teaching or instruction of students. b) the charge or fee for this. Latin \Ituitio\j\b\i a looking after
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\Htulip\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\ilip \Pnoun\p a garden plant with single, showy, cup-shaped flowers growing from a bulb. Turkish \Itulbend\j\b\i turban
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\Htulle\h
\Isay\j\b\i tewl \Pnoun\p a thin, net-like fabric used in millinery, veils, dressmaking, etc. originally made in \ITulle\j\b\i, France
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\Htumble\h
\Pverb\p a) to roll or fall over or down: 'the clumsy boy \Itumbled\j\b\i off the chair'. b) to cause to roll or fall: 'the bump \Itumbled\j\b\i me out of the seat'. c) to perform somersaults etc., usually on a mat.
\Btumble to\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'at last she \Itumbled to\j\b\i his real meaning' (= understood). \Btumble\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a fall, b) a confused state or heap.
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\Htumbledown\h
\Padjective\p dilapidated.
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\Htumbler\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a flat-bottomed drinking glass.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who performs somersaults and other tricks.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of the parts of a lock which move when the key is turned.
\CX14.\j\b\i a rotating cylindrical tank, used for polishing precious stones, drying clothes, etc.
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\Htumbrel\h
\Pnoun\p tumbril a cart which may be tilted backwards to empty its load.
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\Htumescent\h
\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1mess\j\b\i'nt \Padjective\p a) swelling slightly. b) swollen. \Btumescence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htumid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\imid \Padjective\p swollen, e.g. of a part of the body. \Btumidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1midd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htummy\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the stomach.
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\Htumour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\ima \Pnoun\p tumor also called a \Bneoplasm\j\b\i
an abnormal swelling in the body, which may be benign or malignant.
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\Htumult\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\imult \Pnoun\p any commotion or disturbance made by a crowd.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'her mind was in a \Itumult\j\b\i' (= confused and excited state). \Btumultuous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1mul\j\b\itew-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) noisy, b) disturbed; \Btumultuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htun\h
\Pnoun\p a large cask for wine or beer.
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\Htuna\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p also called a \Btunny\j\b\i
any of a group of large, warm-blooded, edible, marine fish, in which the extra blood supply results in a distinctive pink flesh.
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\Htundra\h
\Pnoun\p the level or rolling treeless area between the ice cap and the tree line of arctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil. Russian
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\Htune\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rhythmic series or arrangement of musical sounds, e.g. of a song.
\CX12.\j\b\i harmony or correct pitch: 'you sing out of \Itune\j\b\i'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcall the tune\j\b\i, to control or give orders.
\Bchange one's tune\j\b\i, to change one's ideas or behaviour.
\Bto the tune of\j\b\i, to the amount of.
\Btune\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to adjust a musical instrument, radio, car engine, etc. to get the correct pitch, resonance or performance.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Btune in\j\b\i, to pay attention.
\Btune out\j\b\i, to pay no attention.
\Btuner\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that tunes: 'a piano \Ituner\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRadio:\j\b\i the part of a receiver which selects signals for amplifying, thus determining performance. \Btuneful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having or full of tune; \Btunefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btunefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Htune-up\h
\Pnoun\p a check and adjustment of a motor vehicle's engine to obtain maximum power or efficiency.
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\Htungsten\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bwolfram\j\b\i
element number 74, a malleable, ductile metal used for electric light filaments and in steel alloys for cutting tools. See \Jtransition element\j\b\i. Swedish \Itung\j\b\i heavy + \Isten\j\b\i stone
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\Htunic\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\i-nik \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a short, loose, sleeveless dress, often with a belt. b) a similar garment worn by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
\CX12.\j\b\i a coat or jacket worn as part of a police or military uniform.
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\Htuning fork\h
a two-pronged metal object which vibrates at a set pitch when struck, and by which the pitch of musical instruments and voices may be checked.
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\Htunnel\h
\Pnoun\p an underground passage, especially a constructed one. \Btunnel\j\b\i (\Btunnelled\j\b\i, \Btunnelling\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a tunnel.
\Pnoun\p a head covering consisting of a long strip of cloth wound around the head, first worn by Moslem men in Asia and Africa.
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\Hturbid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ibid \Padjective\p not clear, opaque: 'the \Iturbid\j\b\i river was full of silt'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she had wild, \Iturbid\j\b\i thoughts' (= confused). \Bturbidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bturbidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ter-\CX1bidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iturbidus\j\b\i crowded, disturbed
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\Hturbine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ibine \Pnoun\p any motor in which the shaft is turned by the action of a fluid, such as gas, steam or water, passing over blades set in a wheel.
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\Hturbo-charger\h
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bturbo-supercharger\j\b\i.
a charger driven by a turbine in the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
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\Hturbogenerator\h
\Isay\j\b\i terbo-\CX1jenn\j\b\ia-rayta \Pnoun\p a generator powered by a turbine.
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\Hturbojet\h
\Pnoun\p a jet-engine or aircraft with a turbine-driven compressor.
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\Hturboprop\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bpropjet\j\b\i
a) a jet engine which produces thrust by a propeller connected to the turbine shaft. b) an aircraft driven by one or more such engines.
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\Hturbulent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ibew-l'nt \Padjective\p violent, unruly or uncontrolled: 'the diver drowned in the \Iturbulent\j\b\i waters of the whirlpool'.
\Bturbulence\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a turbulent state.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i the irregular movements of air near the ground and in air currents. \Bturbulently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Htureen\h
\Isay\j\b\i too-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a deep, round dish with a lid, for serving soup, etc.
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\Hturf\h
\Pnoun\p the layer of earth containing grass and its matted roots.
\Bthe turf\j\b\i
horseracing.
\Bturf\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bturf out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to throw out.
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\Hturgid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ijid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of language) pretentious or pompous.
\CX12.\j\b\i swollen.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i having a high internal fluid pressure. \Bturgidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bturgidity\j\b\i, \Bturgidness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Iturgidus\j\b\i swollen
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\Hturkey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ikee \Pnoun\p a large edible fowl, both wild and domesticated, originally from North America.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcold turkey\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the effects of sudden withdrawal from an addictive drug, such as heroin.
\Btalk turkey\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to talk seriously.
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\HTurkish bath\h
a) a steam bath followed by a wash and massage. b) a building where this is available.
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\Hturmeric\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ima-rik \Pnoun\p the yellow, powdered root of an Indian plant, used as a spice, a dye and in medicine.
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\Hturmoil\h
\Pnoun\p a state of great commotion or agitation: 'the government was in a \Iturmoil\j\b\i over the scandal'.
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\Hturn\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move around an axis or centre: a) 'the wheels \Iturned\j\b\i as the car rolled forward'; b) 'the matter \Iturns\j\b\i on the availability of finance'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to change or cause to change direction, position, etc. by moving through a part of a circle: a) '\Iturn\j\b\i the corner'; b) 'she \Iturned\j\b\i her head to see'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to change so that the upper side becomes the lower: a) '\Iturn\j\b\i the pancakes before they burn'; b) '\Iturn\j\b\i the page carefully'.
\CX14.\j\b\i to move or orientate to a particular or new position: a) '\Iturn\j\b\i to page 63'; b) '\Iturn\j\b\i your thoughts to the future'.
\CX15.\j\b\i to become or cause to become: a) 'she \Iturned\j\b\i blue with cold'; b) 'the twins \Iturn\j\b\i three tomorrow'; c) 'the witch \Iturned\j\b\i the prince into a frog'.
\CX16.\j\b\i to shape or form, as in a lathe.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the leaves \Iturn\j\b\i in autumn' (= change colour).
b) 'the milk has \Iturned\j\b\i' (= gone bad).
c) 'my head is \Iturning\j\b\i' (= spinning).
d) 'the horrible sight \Iturned\j\b\i his stomach' (= sickened).
e) 'she \Iturned\j\b\i the button seller from her door' (= repelled).
f) 'I \Iturned\j\b\i to you for help' (= resorted).
g) 'he \Iturns\j\b\i over the tops of the pages to mark his place' (= folds).
h) 'I hope to \Iturn\j\b\i the time to good account' (= use).
i) 'the acrobat \Iturned\j\b\i somersaults' (= performed by turning).
j) 'too much praise can \Iturn\j\b\i a person's head' (= unsettle, put out of order).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bturn against\j\b\i, to become or cause to become hostile towards.
\Bturn away\j\b\i, to refuse help or admittance to.
\Bturn down\j\b\i, a) to lessen in volume, flow, etc.; b) to refuse or reject.
\Bturn in\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to go to bed; b) 'the escaped prisoner \Iturned\j\b\i himself \Iin\j\b\i' (= surrendered).
\Bturn it up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) be reasonable!
\Bturn off\j\b\i, a) to diverge or divert; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to repulse.
\Bturn on\j\b\i, a) to attack suddenly; b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to excite.
\Bturn out\j\b\i, a) '\Iturn out\j\b\i the lights' (= turn off); b) to make or manufacture; c) '\Iturn out\j\b\i your pockets' (= empty); d) 'the troops \Iturned out\j\b\i at reveille' (= assembled, mustered); e) to equip or outfit.
\Bturn over\j\b\i, a) to ponder or meditate; b) (of an engine) to start; c) to hand over.
\Bturn tail\j\b\i, to run away.
\Bturn to\j\b\i, to set to work.
\Bturn up\j\b\i, a) to happen; b) to arrive; c) to find or be found.
\Bturn\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a turning movement: 'give the key a hard \Iturn\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a change in direction, condition, etc.: a) 'there were many \Iturns\j\b\i in the road'; b) 'his health took a \Iturn\j\b\i for the worse'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the place at which something turns: 'take the second \Iturn\j\b\i left'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the time at or during which something occurs in rotation: 'wait for your \Iturn\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i an action which affects someone: 'she did me a good \Iturn\j\b\i'.
\CX16.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i an act.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he uses a strange \Iturn\j\b\i of phrase' (= style, form).
b) 'the bad news gave me quite a \Iturn\j\b\i' (= shock).
c) 'she has a scientific \Iturn\j\b\i of mind' (= tendency, aptitude).
d) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'are you going to the \Iturn\j\b\i?' (= party).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat every turn\j\b\i, constantly.
\Bon the turn\j\b\i, turning or about to turn or change.
\Btake turns\j\b\i, to alternate.
\Bto a turn\j\b\i, to just the right degree.
\Bturn and turn about\j\b\i, alternately.
#
\Hturnabout\h
\Pnoun\p a complete change of opinion, loyalty, etc.
#
\Hturncoat\h
\Pnoun\p a renegade.
#
\Hturner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who fashions objects on a lathe.
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\Hturning\h
\Pnoun\p the place where a road turns, especially at a fork or junction.
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\Hturning point\h
a point at which a critical or decisive change takes place.
#
\Hturnip\h
\Pnoun\p a white, round root used as a vegetable.
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\Hturnkey\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tern\j\b\i-kee \Pnoun\p an old word for a gaoler.
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\Hturn-off\h
\Pnoun\p a road, path, etc. branching off a main road.
#
\Hturnout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a gathering of people.
\CX12.\j\b\i a quantity which is produced or manufactured.
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\Hturnover\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the total amount of money received from the sale of goods in a certain period of time. b) the rate at which goods, money, employees etc. are replaced.
\CX12.\j\b\i a semicircular pie made by folding one half of the crust over the other.
#
\Hturnpike\h
\Pnoun\p \IHistory:\j\b\i a road on which a toll must be paid.
#
\Hturnstile\h
\Pnoun\p a revolving gateway admitting one person at a time, used for counting and controlling the people entering a sports ground, etc.
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\Hturntable\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the part of a record-player on which the record sits and revolves.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRailways:\j\b\i a section of a railway line set on a disc, which may be rotated to transfer railway vehicles onto other lines.
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\Hturn-up\h
\Pnoun\p an unexpected or lucky result or event.
#
\Hturpentine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ip'n-tine \Pnoun\p a) a natural mixture of oil and resin produced by coniferous trees. b) an inflammable oil distilled from this, used for mixing or thinning oil paints, etc.
#
\Hturpitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\ipi-tewd \Pnoun\p wickedness or depravity.
#
\Hturps\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) turpentine.
#
\Hturquoise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ter\j\b\i-koyz \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a hard blue or blue-green mineral used as a gem.
\CX12.\j\b\i a bright greenish-blue colour.
#
\Hturret\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small tower, often decorative.
\CX12.\j\b\i a revolving, heavily armoured structure containing large guns, e.g. in a warship or on a tank.
#
\Hturtle\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of aquatic reptiles living in the sea or fresh water and having legs modified for swimming. Compare \Jtortoise\j\b\i.
\Bturn turtle\j\b\i, to capsize.
#
\Hturtledove\h
\Pnoun\p a type of small, long-tailed dove noted for its gentle coo.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\itela-ree \Padjective\p of or serving as a guardian or protector.
#
\Htutor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tew\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a private teacher, especially of a single pupil or very small class.
\CX12.\j\b\i a junior teacher in a university who discusses the work and lectures with small groups of students. \Btutor\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Btutorship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the position of a tutor. Latin, guardian
#
\Htutorial\h
\Isay\j\b\i tew-\CX1taw\j\b\iriul \Pnoun\p a period of instruction with a university tutor.
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\Htutti\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1too\j\b\i-tee \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i combining all sections of the orchestra or choir.
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\Htutu\h
\Isay\j\b\i too-too \Pnoun\p a short, frilly, flared skirt made of tulle, worn by female ballet-dancers.
#
\Htuxedo\h
\Isay\j\b\i tuk-\CX1see\j\b\ido \Pnoun\p short form is \Btux\j\b\i
\IAmerican:\j\b\i a dinner jacket.
#
\Htwaddle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1twodd\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p meaningless or foolish talk or writing. \Btwaddle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htwain\h
\Pnoun\p an old word meaning two.
#
\Htwang\h
\Pverb\p to make a sharp vibrating sound, as by plucking the string of a musical instrument.
\Btwang\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a twanging sound.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sharp nasal sound in the human voice.
#
\Htweak\h
\Pverb\p to pinch or twist: 'he \Itweaked\j\b\i the child's nose'. \Btweak\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a coarse, rough-surfaced, heavy woollen fabric in a variety of weaves and colours.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) (\Iplural\j\b\i) any clothes made of this fabric.
#
\Htweet\h
\Pnoun\p the weak chirp of a small bird. \Btweet\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htweeter\h
\Pnoun\p a loudspeaker designed for frequencies above about 3000 cycles per second. Compare \Jwoofer\j\b\i.
#
\Htweezers\h
plural \Pnoun\p a small implement with two arms, used for plucking or picking up small objects, etc.
#
\Htwelve\h
\Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 12 in Arabic numerals, XII in Roman numerals. \Btwelve\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btwelfth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htwenty\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 20 in Arabic numerals, XX in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) the numbers 20-29 in a series, such as the years within a century. \Btwenty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Btwentieth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htwenty-one\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a cardinal number, the symbol 21 in Arabic numerals, XXI in Roman numerals.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ICards:\j\b\i See \Jpontoon (2)\j\b\i.
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\Htwerp\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stupid or dislikable person.
#
\Htwice\h
\Padverb\p two times.
#
\Htwiddle\h
\Pverb\p to twist or turn idly or aimlessly: 'to \Itwiddle\j\b\i the knobs on a radio'.
#
\Htwig (1)\h
\Pnoun\p a small shoot at the end of a branch or stem.
#
\Htwig (2)\h
\Pverb\p (\Btwigged\j\b\i, \Btwigging\j\b\i)
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to see or observe. b) to understand.
#
\Htwilight\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1twy\j\b\i-lite \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the period of reduced light either after sunset or before sunrise.
\CX12.\j\b\i a period or condition after full development, glory, etc.: 'the old man enjoyed the \Itwilight\j\b\i of his life'.
#
\Htwill\h
\Pnoun\p a woven fabric with the threads forming parallel, diagonal lines.
#
\Htwin\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i either of two offspring born at one birth. \BIdentical twins\j\b\i develop from a single fertilised ovum which splits into two, so each twin has identical hereditary characteristics. \BFraternal twins\j\b\i develop from two fertilised ova, so each twin
#
\Htwine\h
\Pnoun\p a strong thread made by twisting two or more strands together.
\Btwine\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to twist or wind together or around.
#
\Htwinge\h
\Isay\j\b\i twinj \Pnoun\p a sudden, sharp pain. \Btwinge\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htwinkle\h
\Pverb\p to sparkle with a flickering light.
\Btwinkle, twinkling\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
sparkle or brightness.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'll be back in a \Itwinkle\j\b\i' (= instant).
\Bthe twinkling of an eye\j\b\i, the time taken to wink an eye.
#
\Htwin-set\h
\Pnoun\p a cardigan and jumper of the same material and colour, worn as a matching pair.
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\Htwirl\h
\Pverb\p to turn or make turn round and round, especially quickly; to spin. \Btwirl\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. \Btw\j\b\i(ist) + (wh)irl\j\b\i
#
\Htwist\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to turn or wind strands or threads together.
\CX12.\j\b\i to turn the two ends of something in opposite directions.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she fell and \Itwisted\j\b\i her ankle' (= turned sharply).
b) 'the stream \Itwisted\j\b\i through the valley' (= wound).
c) 'the newspapers \Itwisted\j\b\i his words' (= gave a different meaning to).
d) 'he \Itwisted\j\b\i his face into a sickly grin' (= contorted).
e) 'she has a \Itwisted\j\b\i mind' (= perverted, warped).
\Btwist someone's arm\j\b\i, to put pressure on someone to do what one wishes.
\Btwist\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) a twisting action or motion. b) a bend or curve.
\CX12.\j\b\i something that has been twisted: 'a \Itwist\j\b\i of tobacco'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the mystery film has a \Itwist\j\b\i at the end' (= unexpected development).
\CX13.\j\b\i a dance consisting of twisting movements of the body.
#
\Htwit\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) a fool. b) a nervous or edgy state. \Btwit\j\b\i (\Btwitted\j\b\i, \Btwitting\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to tease by reminding of a fault, mistake, etc.
#
\Htwitch\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short jerky movement of a muscle or part of the body.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short, sudden pull. \Btwitch\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htwitter\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to make light chirping sounds. b) to titter.
\CX12.\j\b\i to tremble with nervous excitement.
\Btwitter\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act or sound of twittering.
\CX12.\j\b\i a state of nervous excitement. \Btwittery\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htwo\h
\Isay\j\b\i too \Pnoun\p a cardinal number, the symbol 2 in Arabic numerals, II in Roman numerals.
\Bput two and two together\j\b\i, to draw an obvious conclusion. \Btwo\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htwo-bit\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) small-time: 'a \Itwo-bit\j\b\i hoodlum'.
#
\Htwo-dimensional\h
\Padjective\p having two dimensions, as height and width.
#
\Htwo-faced\h
\Padjective\p deceitful or hypocritical.
#
\Htwo-handed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i needing two hands to use: 'a \Itwo-handed\j\b\i sword'.
\CX12.\j\b\i needing or involving two people: 'a \Itwo-handed\j\b\i saw'.
\CX13.\j\b\i ambidextrous.
#
\Htwopence\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tupp\j\b\ience \Pnoun\p also spelt \Btuppence\j\b\i
a sum of money to the value of two pennies.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she doesn't care \Itwopence\j\b\i about him' (= a bit).
#
\Htwosome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1too\j\b\i-sum \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i two persons or things together.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i a competition between two people.
#
\Htwostep\h
\Pnoun\p a) a ballroom dance of sliding steps. b) the music for such a dance.
#
\Htwo-stroke\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to an internal combustion engine in which the fuel is taken into the cylinder, compressed, burnt and released into the exhaust in two successive strokes of the piston. Compare \Jfour-stroke\j\b\i.
#
\Htwo-time\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to deceive or double-cross. \Btwo-timer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htwo-up\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a gambling game where two coins are tossed in the air from a flat piece of wood, and players bet on which way up the coins will land.
#
\Htycoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1koon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a very wealthy or powerful business magnate. Japanese \Itaikun\j\b\i great prince
#
\Htying\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Btie\j\b\i.
#
\Htympanum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tim\j\b\ipa-num \Pnoun\p plural is \Btympana\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \IArchitecture:\j\b\i the recessed space of a pediment or arch above a doorway, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) the middle part of the ear. b) the eardrum. \Btympanic\j\b\i (Anatomy), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htype\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a group or grouping with common characteristics: 'hers is the classical \Itype\j\b\i of beauty'. b) a variety of such a group: 'what \Itype\j\b\i of cheese is this?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he's a generous \Itype\j\b\i' (= person).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPrinting:\j\b\i a) a piece or pieces of metal cast with the imprint of a letter, figure, etc. b) printed characters: 'a headline in huge \Itype\j\b\i'. c) such a piece or pieces in a typewriter, word processor, etc.
\Btype\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to assign a type to: 'your actions \Itype\j\b\i you as a gentleman'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to identify the type of: 'to \Itype\j\b\i a blood sample'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to produce words in print using a typewriter.
#
\Htypecast\h
\Pverb\p (\Btypecast\j\b\i, \Btypecasting\j\b\i)
to persist in giving a person the same kind of role.
#
\Htypeface\h
\Pnoun\p \IPrinting:\j\b\i the design of a certain piece of type.
#
\Htypescript\h
\Pnoun\p any typewritten material.
#
\Htypeset\h
\Pverb\p (\Btypeset\j\b\i, \Btypesetting\j\b\i)
to prepare type for printing. \Btypesetter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Htypewriter\h
\Pnoun\p a machine with a keyboard, which imprints a letter or symbol on to paper when the corresponding key is pressed.
#
\Htyphoid fever\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-foyd feeva
short form is \Btyphoid\j\b\i
an infectious, bacterial disease spread by contaminated food and water, causing severe intestinal disorders.
#
\Htyphoon\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1foon\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jtropical cyclone\j\b\i. Chinese \Itai\j\b\i big + \Ifeng\j\b\i wind
#
\Htyphus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-fus \Pnoun\p an infectious, viral disease transmitted by lice or mites, causing fever, weakness and a rash. Greek \Ityphos\j\b\i a vapour
#
\Htypical\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tipp\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p conforming to a particular type or character: 'it is \Itypical\j\b\i of you to be late'. \Btypically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to be a typical example of: 'his swearing \Itypifies\j\b\i his bad manners'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to represent by a type.
#
\Htyping\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-ping \Pnoun\p a) the skill of using a typewriter. b) any work produced on a typewriter.
#
\Htypist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-pist \Pnoun\p a person who uses a typewriter.
#
\Htypography\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1pog\j\b\ira-fee \Pnoun\p the art or process of designing the printed layout of a book, magazine, etc. \Btypographic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tie-po-\CX1graff\j\b\iik), \Btypographical\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Htypology\h
\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1poll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of types, e.g. in a system of classification.
#
\Htyrannosaurus\h
\Isay\j\b\i tee-ranna-\CX1saw\j\b\irus \Pnoun\p a very large carnivorous dinosaur which walked erect on its hind limbs.
#
\Htyrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-r'nt \Pnoun\p a ruler who exercises absolute power cruelly and oppressively.
a) the rule of a tyrant. b) any cruel or unjust use of power: 'the \Ityranny\j\b\i of a harsh father's discipline'. \Btyrannical\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i tie-\CX1rann\j\b\ii-k'l), \Btyrannous\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tirr\j\b\ia-nus), \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Btyrannically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Btyrannise\j\b\i, \Btyrannize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Htyre\h
\Pnoun\p a band of hollow, inflated rubber around the rim of a wheel to grip the road and cushion vibration.
#
\Htyro\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1tie\j\b\i-ro \CX1tiro\j\b\i \Pnoun\p plural is \Btyros\j\b\i
a beginner or learner. Latin, recruit
#
\Htzar\h
\Isay\j\b\i zar \Pnoun\p See \Jtsar\j\b\i.
#
\Hubiquitous\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1bik\j\b\iwi-tus \Padjective\p being everywhere at the same time. \Bubiquitously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bubiquity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1bik\j\b\iwi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iubique\j\b\i everywhere
#
\HU-boat\h
\Pnoun\p a German submarine. German \Iuntersee\j\b\i undersea + \Bboat\j\b\i
#
\Hudder\h
\Pnoun\p a mammary gland, especially when having more than one teat, as on a cow.
#
\Hugh\h
interjection an exclamation of revulsion or disgust.
#
\Hugly\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ug\j\b\i-lee \Padjective\p unpleasant in appearance.
an apparent dunce or unprepossessing child who grows up to be clever or handsome. from a Hans Andersen fairytale
#
\Hukulele\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooka-\CX1lay\j\b\i-lee \Pnoun\p also spelt \Bukelele\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a small, guitar-like instrument with four strings. Hawaiian
#
\Hulcer\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ul\j\b\isa \Pnoun\p an open sore, usually occurring on the skin or on the inner surface of an organ, such as the stomach. \Bulcerous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) like an ulcer, b) affected with ulcers; \Bulcerate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become ulcerous; \Bulceration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the forming of an ulcer, b) an ulcer.
#
\Hulna\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bulnae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ul\j\b\i-nee)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the longer of the two bones of the forearm or forelimb.
#
\Hulster\h
\Pnoun\p a long, loose overcoat.
#
\Hulterior\h
\Isay\j\b\i ul-\CX1teer\j\b\iia \Padjective\p concealed by what is evident or expressed: 'an \Iulterior\j\b\i motive'.
#
\Hultimate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ul\j\b\iti-mit \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i final or fundamental: 'death is our \Iultimate\j\b\i fate'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the maximum or greatest possible: 'the \Iultimate\j\b\i folly is driving with one's eyes closed'. \Bultimately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, finally or at last.
#
\Hultimatum\h
\Isay\j\b\i ulti-\CX1may\j\b\i-t'm \Ior\j\b\i ulti-\CX1mah\j\b\i-t'm \Pnoun\p a final proposal in a discussion, refusal of which causes negotiation to end and other action to be taken.
#
\Hultimo\h
\Padverb\p in or of the preceding month.
#
\Hultra-\h
a prefix meaning: a) beyond, as in \Iultrasonic\j\b\i; b) extremely, as in \Iultraconservative\j\b\i. Latin, beyond
#
\Hultra high frequency\h
short form is \BUHF\j\b\i
\IRadio:\j\b\i a high frequency used for television, and some kinds of radar.
#
\Hultra light\h
a very small aircraft which can carry only one or two people.
#
\Hultramarine\h
\Isay\j\b\i ultra-ma-\CX1reen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a brilliant, pure blue colour or pigment. \Bultramarine\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hultrasonic\h
\Isay\j\b\i ultra-\CX1sonn\j\b\iik \Padjective\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i (of waves) having such a high frequency that they are not within the range of normal human hearing.
\Bultrasonics\j\b\i \Iplural \Pnoun\p\j\b\i
(\Iused with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) the study of ultrasonic phenomena and their varied applications, e.g. in detecting flaws in metal, killing bacteria, sonar, etc.
#
\Hultrasound\h
\Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i the use of ultrasonic waves to detect abnormalities in body tissues.
#
\Hultraviolet\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jlight (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Humbel\h
\Pnoun\p a flower cluster in which the individual flower stalks rise from a common point.
#
\Humber\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of brown colours ranging from light brown (\Braw umber\j\b\i), to deep brown (\Bburnt umber\j\b\i). \Bumber\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Iumbra\j\b\i shade
#
\Humbilical cord\h
\Isay\j\b\i um-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-k'l kord
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a cord-like structure containing a network of blood vessels connecting the bloodstream of the unborn child to the bloodstream of the mother through the placenta.
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\Humbilicus\h
\Isay\j\b\i um-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-kus \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the navel.
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\Humbra\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bumbrae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1um\j\b\i-bree)
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the darker part at the centre of a shadow. Compare \Jpenumbra\j\b\i. Latin, shade
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\Humbrage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1um\j\b\i-brij \Pnoun\p offence: 'he took \Iumbrage\j\b\i at my suggestions'.
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\Humbrageous\h
\Isay\j\b\i um-\CX1bray\j\b\ijus \Padjective\p an old word meaning shady.
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\Humbrella\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a folding, circular frame with a stick and handle, covered in a waterproof material and used for protection from the rain.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of an umbrella, such as a protective air-cover for ground troops. Italian \Iombrella\j\b\i a little shade
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\Humlaut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1\Iu\j\b\im\j\b\i-lout \Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i See \Jaccent\j\b\i.
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\Humpire\h
\Pnoun\p a person appointed to judge or make decisions on rules during a competition or game. \Bumpire\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Humpteen\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) of an indefinite, but usually large, number. \Bumpteenth\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hun-\h
a prefix meaning: a) (with \Padjective\ps) not, as in \Iunable\j\b\i or \Iunsure\j\b\i; b) (with \Pnoun\ps) the opposite or absence of something, as in \Iundesirability\j\b\i or \Iuntruth\j\b\i; c) (with \Pverb\ps) the reversal of an action or state, as in \Iundo\j\b\i or \Iunseat\j\b\i. In general, the negative \Iun-\j\b\i can be added to most \Padjective\ps, but \Iin-\j\b\i (or \Iil-\j\b\i, \Iim-\j\b\i, \Iir-\j\b\i) is more usual with words of obvious Latin derivation, such as \Iinfidelity\j\b\i. There are exceptions, and some \Padjective\ps are found with both \Iun-\j\b\i and \Iin-\j\b\i, e.g. \Iunessential\j\b\i, \Iinessential\j\b\i.
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\Hunable\h
\Padjective\p not able to do something.
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\Hunaccompanied\h
\Padjective\p not accompanied: '\Iunaccompanied\j\b\i singing'.
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\Hunaccountable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) impossible to find an explanation for. b) very odd.
\CX12.\j\b\i not responsible: 'he is \Iunaccountable\j\b\i for his actions'. \Bunaccountably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunaccounted-for\h
\Padjective\p not explained or taken into account.
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\Hunaccustomed\h
\Padjective\p not accustomed: '\Iunaccustomed\j\b\i to public speaking'.
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\Hunadvisedly\h
\Padverb\p unwisely or rashly.
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\Hunaffected (1)\h
\Padjective\p not affected or influenced.
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\Hunaffected (2)\h
\Padjective\p genuine or free from affectedness. \Bunaffectedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunaffectedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunalloyed\h
\Padjective\p pure or unmixed: 'she welcomed him with \Iunalloyed\j\b\i delight'.
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\Hunanimous\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1nann\j\b\iimus \Padjective\p in or demonstrating complete agreement. \Bunanimously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunanimity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoona-\CX1nimm\j\b\ii-tee), \Bunanimousness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i. Latin \Iunus\j\b\i one + \Ianimus\j\b\i mind
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\Hunanswerable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be refuted or disproved.
\CX12.\j\b\i having no answer. \Bunanswerably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunapproachable\h
\Padjective\p a) not able to be approached or reached. b) haughty or not encouraging friendliness. \Bunapproachably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunapproachableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunarmed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not carrying weapons.
\CX12.\j\b\i defenceless.
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\Hunashamed\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not sorry or contrite.
\CX12.\j\b\i not concealed: '\Iunashamed\j\b\i malingering'. \Bunashamedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p a) not attached. b) not engaged or married.
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\Hunattended\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not accompanied: 'I am allowed to go out \Iunattended\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not taken care of: 'his wounds were left \Iunattended\j\b\i'.
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\Hunauthorised\h
\Padjective\p not having authority or permission.
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\Hunaware\h
\Padjective\p not conscious or aware of.
\Bunawares\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
unexpectedly: 'we crept up on them \Iunawares\j\b\i'.
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\Hunbalanced\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not balanced.
\CX12.\j\b\i mentally disturbed or lacking soundness of judgement. \Bunbalance\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunbearable\h
\Padjective\p not able to be tolerated or endured. \Bunbearably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunbearableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunbeatable\h
\Padjective\p not able to be surpassed or beaten.
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\Hunbecoming\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-be-\CX1kumm\j\b\iing \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i improper or unsuitable.
\CX12.\j\b\i not attractive. \Bunbecomingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunbecomingness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunbeknown\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-be-\CX1nohn\j\b\i \Iand\j\b\i un-be-\CX1nohn\j\b\ist \Padjective\p unbeknownst (\Iinformal\j\b\i) unknown: '\Iunbeknown\j\b\i to her, he was already married'.
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\Hunbeliever\h
\Pnoun\p a person who does not believe, especially in some religious doctrine.
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\Hunbend\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to relax or become less formal.
\CX12.\j\b\i to straighten or release from a bent position or form.
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\Hunbidden\h
\Padjective\p not invited: 'strange thoughts came \Iunbidden\j\b\i to my mind'.
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\Hunbosom\h
\Pverb\p to tell or reveal, especially one's thoughts, secrets, feelings, etc.
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\Hunbridled\h
\Padjective\p without restraint: 'she approached her new job with \Iunbridled\j\b\i enthusiasm'.
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\Hunbroken\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not broken: 'her record for the high jump remains \Iunbroken\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i continuous, without interruption.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of a horse) not yet broken in.
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\Hunburden\h
\Pverb\p a) to free from or get rid of a burden. b) to relieve by confession: 'he \Iunburdened\j\b\i his soul to me'.
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\Hunbuttoned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having the buttons undone.
\CX12.\j\b\i relaxed or informal: 'he told me this story in an \Iunbuttoned\j\b\i moment'. \Bunbutton\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Huncalled-for\h
\Padjective\p not justified; impertinent: 'that rebuke was quite \Iuncalled-for\j\b\i'.
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\Huncanny\h
\Padjective\p strange or unnatural. \Buncannily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buncanniness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunceremonious\h
\Padjective\p abrupt and brusque: 'he made an \Iunceremonious\j\b\i exit through the window'. \Bunceremoniously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Huncertain\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i doubtful or not certainly known.
\CX12.\j\b\i changing unpredictably: 'he has an \Iuncertain\j\b\i temper'.
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1sivv\j\b\i'l \Padjective\p rude or discourteous. \Buncivilly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Huncle\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a brother of a parent.
\CX12.\j\b\i the husband of an aunt.
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\HUncle Sam\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) United States of America or its government.
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\Huncomfortable\h
\Padjective\p a) causing discomfort: 'that's one of the \Iuncomfortable\j\b\i facts of life'. b) in a state of discomfort: 'he made me feel \Iuncomfortable\j\b\i'. \Buncomfortably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buncomfortableness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Huncommitted\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not committed one way or the other.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not actively supporting some cause.
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\Huncommon\h
\Padjective\p not usual: 'she spoke with \Iuncommon\j\b\i anger'.
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1kom\j\b\ipra-my-zing \Padjective\p not allowing any compromise: 'he took an \Iuncompromising\j\b\i stand on the issue'. \Buncompromisingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunconcerned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having or showing no concern: 'she seemed \Iunconcerned\j\b\i about her future'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not involved or taking part: 'I don't believe that she was completely \Iunconcerned\j\b\i in the plot'. \Bunconcernedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunconditional\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-k'n-\CX1dish\j\b\i'n-al \Padjective\p without any conditions attached: 'an \Iunconditional\j\b\i surrender'. \Bunconditionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunconscionable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1konsh\j\b\iena-b'l \Padjective\p not in accordance with what is right or reasonable. \Bunconscionably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunconscious\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not conscious: 'the \Iunconscious\j\b\i boxer was carried off'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPsychology:\j\b\i of or relating to mental processes that take place below consciousness.
\Bunconscious\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IPsychology:\j\b\i the system of mental processes of which a person cannot become directly conscious, but which is capable of influencing conscious processes and behaviour. \Bunconsciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. See \Jsubconscious\j\b\i.
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\Hunconsidered\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not given due thought: 'he gave us what was obviously an \Iunconsidered\j\b\i opinion'.
\Pverb\p a) to remove the cover from. b) to reveal or disclose.
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\Huncritical\h
\Padjective\p a) not inclined to make a critical analysis: 'an ordinary, \Iuncritical\j\b\i response'. b) not discriminating or critically perceptive.
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\Hunction\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1unk\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IReligion:\j\b\i the act of anointing with oil. \BExtreme unction\j\b\i is the sacrament of anointing a dying person with oil.
\CX12.\j\b\i insincere emotion: 'for my taste, there was too much \Iunction\j\b\i in his sympathy'.
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\Hunctuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1unk\j\b\i-chew-us \Padjective\p earnest in an exaggerated or insincere way. \Bunctuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunctuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Iunctus\j\b\i greasy
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\Hundaunted\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1dawn\j\b\i-tid \Padjective\p not discouraged or dismayed.
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\Hundecided\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-de-\CX1side\j\b\i-id \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not having been decided.
\CX12.\j\b\i not having made up one's mind.
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\Hundemonstrative\h
\Padjective\p impassive or not given to showing emotion.
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\Hunder\h
preposition below: 'we sat \Iunder\j\b\i the trees'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the matter is \Iunder\j\b\i consideration' (= in the process of).
b) 'the driver was \Iunder\j\b\i the influence of alcohol' (= subject to, experiencing).
c) 'the farmer had 50 hectares \Iunder\j\b\i barley' (= planted with, bearing).
d) 'you'll find it \Iunder\j\b\i Botany' (= within the classification or group of).
e) 'she travelled \Iunder\j\b\i an assumed name' (= using).
f) 'persons \Iunder\j\b\i 18 will not be admitted to this film' (= less than).
g) 'a captain is \Iunder\j\b\i a major' (= lower in rank than).
h) '\Iunder\j\b\i the existing provisions of the law, I must sentence
you' (= in accordance with). \Bunder\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunder-\h
a prefix meaning: a) situated below or beneath, as in \Iunderbrush\j\b\i; b) inferior in rank or subordinate to, as in \Iunderstudy\j\b\i; c) lower than, as in \Iunderprice\j\b\i; d) not sufficiently, as in \Iunderstaffed\j\b\i; e) worn or being beneath, as in \Iunderwear\j\b\i.
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\Hunderachieve\h
\Pverb\p to perform below the accepted standard, especially of one's own ability.
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\Hunderarm\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i under the arm: 'an \Iunderarm\j\b\i odour'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i (of a stroke or throw) made with the arm below the shoulder. Compare \Joverarm\j\b\i.
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\Hunderbelly\h
\Pnoun\p a) the lower part of the belly. b) any similarly unprotected part.
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\Hunderbrush\h
\Pnoun\p small trees and shrubs growing beneath forest trees.
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\Hundercarriage\h
\Pnoun\p landing gear.
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\Hunderclothes\h
plural \Pnoun\p underwear.
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\Hundercoat\h
\Pnoun\p the paint applied to a surface as a base before the main colour or layer is put on. \Bundercoat\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply an undercoat to.
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a current below another current or a surface.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hidden tendency: 'there's an \Iundercurrent\j\b\i of bitterness in his jokes about women'.
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\Hundercut\h
\Pverb\p (\Bundercut\j\b\i, \Bundercutting\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to offer goods or services at a lower price than one's competitors.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ISport:\j\b\i to hit a ball from underneath, causing a backspin. \Bundercut\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunderdeveloped\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (of a country) not highly industrialised.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhotography:\j\b\i not sufficiently developed, so that there is a lack of contrast.
\CX13.\j\b\i not adequately or normally developed: 'an \Iunderdeveloped\j\b\i body'. \Bunderdevelop\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunderdog\h
\Pnoun\p a person or team that loses or is expected to lose a struggle, contest, etc.
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\Hunderdone\h
\Isay\j\b\i under-\CX1dun\j\b\i \Padjective\p (of meat, vegetables, etc.) lightly or too lightly cooked.
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\Hunderestimate\h
\Pverb\p to form too low an estimate of: a) 'they \Iunderestimated\j\b\i the cost of the project'; b) 'I \Iunderestimated\j\b\i her tenacity'.
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\Hunderexpose\h
\Pverb\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i to expose a film to light for too short a time. \Bunderexposure\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) insufficient exposure to light, b) a photographic negative or print that has been underexposed.
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\Hunderfelt\h
\Pnoun\p a thick layer of fabric laid beneath a carpet to make it more comfortable or for insulation.
#
\Hunderfoot\h
\Padverb\p beneath the feet.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I'm sick of the children being \Iunderfoot\j\b\i all day' (= in the way).
to experience or be subjected to: 'to \Iundergo\j\b\i surgery'.
#
\Hundergraduate\h
\Isay\j\b\i under-\CX1grad\j\b\i-yewit \Pnoun\p a university student who is studying for a first degree. \Bundergraduate\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunderground\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i below the surface of the earth.
\CX12.\j\b\i secret, subversive or not generally known: a) 'an \Iunderground\j\b\i movement'; b) '\Iunderground\j\b\i movies'.
\Bunderground\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i below the surface of the earth.
\CX12.\j\b\i in secret.
\Bunderground\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a movement or organisation which is secret or outside the established or accepted society, etc., such as nationalist groups during World War 2 who worked to overthrow enemy forces occupying their country.
\CX12.\j\b\i a railway system running through underground tunnels.
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\Hundergrowth\h
\Pnoun\p the small trees and plants which grow below and among larger trees.
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\Hunderhand\h
\Padjective\p devious or sly: 'he won the election by \Iunderhand\j\b\i tactics'.
#
\Hunderhung\h
\Padjective\p having the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper jaw.
#
\Hunderline\h
\Pverb\p to draw a line under.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he hit the desk to \Iunderline\j\b\i his point' (= emphasise).
#
\Hunderling\h
\Pnoun\p a subordinate.
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\Hunderlying\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i basic or fundamental: 'the \Iunderlying\j\b\i aim of a society'.
\CX12.\j\b\i hidden or implicit: 'an \Iunderlying\j\b\i note of sarcasm'.
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\Hundermine\h
\Pverb\p to make an excavation beneath, especially as a means of weakening a foundation.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'alcohol \Iundermined\j\b\i his constitution' (= weakened or destroyed gradually).
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\Hunderneath\h
\Padverb\p, preposition beneath or below. \Bunderneath\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, lower; \Bunderneath\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a lower part or surface.
#
\Hunderpants\h
plural \Pnoun\p a pair of light short trousers worn next to the skin.
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\Hunderpass\h
\Pnoun\p a passage under a roadway or railway, usually for pedestrians and sometimes for traffic.
\CX11.\j\b\i \IBuilding:\j\b\i to support a wall, etc. with props. Also called to \Bpin\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to support: 'careful research \Iunderpinned\j\b\i her theory'. \Bunderpinning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the supports placed under a completed wall.
#
\Hunderplay\h
\Pnoun\p to act subtly or with restraint.
#
\Hunderprice\h
\Pverb\p to give a price below the normal price or value.
#
\Hunderprivileged\h
\Padjective\p with less than the usual rights and opportunities provided by society, because of poverty, etc.
#
\Hunderproof\h
\Padjective\p containing less alcohol than proof spirit does.
#
\Hunderquote\h
\Pverb\p to quote a lower price than.
#
\Hunderrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i under-\CX1rate\j\b\i \Pverb\p to underestimate: 'to \Iunderrate\j\b\i an opponent'.
#
\Hunderscore\h
\Pverb\p to underline.
#
\Hundersea\h
\Padjective\p existing, carried on or adapted for use beneath the surface of the sea. \Bundersea\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, beneath the surface of the sea.
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\Hundersecretary\h
\Pnoun\p a secretary subordinate to a principal secretary, especially in a government department.
to apprehend the meaning, significance, nature or explanation of: a) 'the student could not \Iunderstand\j\b\i the physics problem'; b) 'you can \Iunderstand\j\b\i why he was upset'; c) 'I just don't \Iunderstand\j\b\i kids'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'do you \Iunderstand\j\b\i French?' (= have a mastery of).
b) 'you \Iunderstand\j\b\i that you may lose?' (= accept).
c) 'I \Iunderstand\j\b\i the funeral took place yesterday' (= have been told).
d) 'and what am I to \Iunderstand\j\b\i from that remark?' (= infer).
\Bunderstanding\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the ability or power to understand: 'a clear \Iunderstanding\j\b\i of the problem'.
\CX12.\j\b\i sympathy: 'all I was asking for was a little \Iunderstanding\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i an agreement: 'we came to a friendly \Iunderstanding\j\b\i'.
\Bon the understanding that\j\b\i, on the condition that. \Bunderstandable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, capable of being understood; \Bunderstandably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunderstate\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to state less forcefully than is necessary or desirable.
\CX12.\j\b\i to declare to be less than is actually so: 'to \Iunderstate\j\b\i one's income'. \Bunderstatement\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hundersteer\h
\Pnoun\p the tendency of a motor vehicle to turn in a wider circle than is indicated by the amount the front wheels have been turned.
#
\Hunderstood\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bunderstand\j\b\i.
#
\Hunderstudy\h
\Pnoun\p a person prepared to take over an important role in a play, ballet, etc. if the actor is unable to appear. \Bunderstudy\j\b\i (\Bunderstudied\j\b\i, \Bunderstudying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
to unfasten and open: '\Iundo\j\b\i your parcels'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you have \Iundone\j\b\i all my good work' (= reversed the effects of).
b) 'gambling \Iundid\j\b\i him' (= ruined).
\Bundoing\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) ruin. b) the cause of ruin: 'drink was her \Iundoing\j\b\i'.
#
\Hundoubted\h
\Padjective\p accepted as beyond question. \Bundoubtedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hundress\h
\Pverb\p to remove clothing.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the nurse \Iundressed\j\b\i the wound' (= removed the bandages from). \Bundress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a state of having little or no clothes on; \Bundressed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not clothed, b) (of leather, etc.) not treated or prepared.
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\Hundue\h
\Padjective\p excessive or extreme. \Bunduly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hundulate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1un\j\b\i-dew-late \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move or cause to move like a wave or waves.
\CX12.\j\b\i to have a wavy surface or outline: '\Iundulating\j\b\i hills'. \Bundulation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a wave-like part, motion, form, outline, etc.; \Bundulatory\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i undew-\CX1lay\j\b\ita-ree), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Pverb\p to dig up or uncover: 'the detective \Iunearthed\j\b\i new evidence'.
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\Hunearthly\h
\Padjective\p supernatural or ghostly: 'an \Iunearthly\j\b\i scream'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'why wake me at this \Iunearthly\j\b\i hour?' (= unreasonable, absurd).
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\Huneasy\h
\Padjective\p uncomfortable or anxiously restless: 'she felt \Iuneasy\j\b\i having to recite to a strange audience'. \Buneasily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buneasiness\j\b\i, \Bunease\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Huneconomical\h
\Padjective\p uneconomic wasteful or unprofitable.
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\Hunemotional\h
\Padjective\p calm, rational and unexcitable.
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\Hunemployment\h
\Pnoun\p a) the lack of a job or jobs. b) the number of people who cannot get a job: 'the level of \Iunemployment\j\b\i rose at the end of the year'. \Bunemployed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bunemployable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunending\h
\Padjective\p a) everlasting. b) continual. \Bunendingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunenlightened\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not informed or instructed.
\CX12.\j\b\i ignorant, superstitious or prejudiced.
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\Hunenviable\h
\Padjective\p difficult or unpleasant: 'the \Iunenviable\j\b\i job involved long hours for little pay'.
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\Hunequal\h
\Padjective\p not equal: 'coins of \Iunequal\j\b\i value'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'your book is of \Iunequal\j\b\i quality' (= uneven).
b) 'he felt \Iunequal\j\b\i to the task' (= inadequate). \Bunequalled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunequivocal\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-ee-\CX1kwivv\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p plain, clear or without ambiguity. \Bunequivocally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunerring\h
\Padjective\p without error or well-aimed. \Bunerringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunethical\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i immoral.
\CX12.\j\b\i contrary to a code of professional conduct. \Bunethically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Huneven\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not level or flat: '\Iuneven\j\b\i terrain'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not equal or balanced: 'an \Iuneven\j\b\i contest'.
\CX13.\j\b\i irregular: 'a book of \Iuneven\j\b\i quality'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of a number) odd. \Bunevenly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunevenness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunexampled\h
\Padjective\p exceptional or without parallel.
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\Hunexceptionable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-ek-\CX1sep\j\b\ish'na-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be criticised or objected to.
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\Hunexceptional\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-ek-\CX1sep\j\b\i-sh'n-al \Padjective\p usual or ordinary.
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\Hunexpected\h
\Padjective\p coming without warning. \Bunexpectedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunexpectedness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunexposed\h
\Padjective\p (of photographic film) unused.
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\Hunfailing\h
\Padjective\p continuous or dependable: 'an \Iunfailing\j\b\i supply of jokes'. \Bunfailingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunfair\h
\Padjective\p not fair or just. \Bunfairly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunfairness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunfaithful\h
\Padjective\p not loyal or true to a promise, duty, or other person.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he was \Iunfaithful\j\b\i to his wife' (= committed adultery). \Bunfaithfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunfaithfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunfamiliar\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not previously or familiarly known: 'an \Iunfamiliar\j\b\i country'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not acquainted: 'he's \Iunfamiliar\j\b\i with classical Greek'.
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\Hunfathomable\h
\Padjective\p not able to be fathomed or comprehended.
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\Hunfeeling\h
\Padjective\p not sensitive or sympathetic.
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\Hunfettered\h
\Padjective\p not restrained or restricted.
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\Hunfit\h
\Padjective\p a) not physically fit. b) not fit, suited or suitable. \Bunfitness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bunfitted\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunflappable\h
\Padjective\p not easily upset.
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\Hunfold\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to open or spread out: '\Iunfold\j\b\i the newspaper'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make or become known or visible: 'the landscape \Iunfolded\j\b\i before us'.
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\Hunforeseen\h
\Padjective\p not expected or predicted. \Bunforeseeable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunforgettable\h
\Padjective\p never to be forgotten, memorable. \Bunforgettably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunforgivable\h
\Padjective\p not able to be forgiven. \Bunforgivably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunfortunate\h
\Padjective\p not lucky: 'the \Iunfortunate\j\b\i driver has had three accidents this week'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she made an \Iunfortunate\j\b\i decision to resign' (= regrettable). \Bunfortunately\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunfounded\h
\Padjective\p without foundation: '\Iunfounded\j\b\i accusations against an innocent person'.
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\Hunfreeze\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to thaw or thaw out.
\CX12.\j\b\i to lift restrictions or controls from.
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\Hunfrequented\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-fre-\CX1kwent\j\b\iid \Padjective\p not often visited.
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\Hunfrock\h
\Pverb\p to defrock.
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\Hunfulfilled\h
\Padjective\p not satisfied: 'her ambitions are still \Iunfulfilled\j\b\i'.
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\Hunfurl\h
\Pverb\p to open or spread out, e.g. a flag.
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\Hungainly\h
\Padjective\p clumsy or awkward. \Bungainliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hungodly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i sinful or irreligious.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) outrageous: 'an \Iungodly\j\b\i hour of the morning to get up'. \Bungodliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hungovernable\h
\Padjective\p uncontrollable: 'she has an \Iungovernable\j\b\i temper'.
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\Hungraceful\h
\Padjective\p clumsy or awkward. \Bungracefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hungracious\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1gray\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p not gracious or courteous. \Bungraciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bungraciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunguarded\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not guarded.
\CX12.\j\b\i incautious, thoughtless or not discreet: 'he gave himself away in an \Iunguarded\j\b\i moment'.
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\Hunguent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1un\j\b\i-gw'nt \Pnoun\p any soft, creamy paste, such as an ointment, used on sores, etc.
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\Hungulate\h
\Pnoun\p any hoofed mammal.
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\Hunhand\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to release or let go.
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\Hunhappy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not happy.
\CX12.\j\b\i not lucky: 'an \Iunhappy\j\b\i accident'. \Bunhappily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunhappiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunhealthy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not healthy.
\CX12.\j\b\i dangerous to health: 'an \Iunhealthy\j\b\i drain'.
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i never known or heard of before.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) outrageous.
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\Hunheralded\h
\Padjective\p a) not announced in advance. b) not expected.
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\Hunhinge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \Iun\j\b\i-\CX1hinj\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove from the hinges.
\CX12.\j\b\i to upset or unbalance: 'her mind is \Iunhinged\j\b\i'.
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\Hunhistorical\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-hiss-\CX1torr\j\b\ii-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not in accordance with the methods or principles of historians.
\CX12.\j\b\i not having occurred or existed in history.
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\Hunholy\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wicked or sinful.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) outrageous.
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\Hunhoped-for\h
\Padjective\p not expected.
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\Huni\h
\Pnoun\p \IAustralian:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a university.
#
\Huni-\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini
a prefix meaning one or single, as in \Iunicorn\j\b\i. Latin \Iunus\j\b\i one
#
\Hunicameral\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1kamm\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p \IParliament:\j\b\i having one chamber or house only, such as the New Zealand parliament. Compare \Jbicameral\j\b\i.
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\Hunicellular\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1sel\j\b\i-yoola \Padjective\p consisting of one cell.
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\Hunicorn\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-korn \Pnoun\p \IMythology:\j\b\i a creature similar to a horse, with one long horn in the centre of its forehead. \Buni-\j\b\i + Latin \Icornu\j\b\i a horn
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\Hunicycle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-sigh-k'l \Pnoun\p a vehicle with a single wheel and propelled by pedals, as used by acrobats.
#
\Hunidentified flying object\h
short form is \BUFO\j\b\i
any object which is detected in the sky but which cannot be identified.
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\Huniform\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-form \Pnoun\p the clothes worn by members of a particular group or institution, used to distinguish or identify them.
\Buniform\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
not varying in form, quality, character, etc.: 'mix the ingredients to a \Iuniform\j\b\i thickness'. \Buniformly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buniformity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1for\j\b\imi-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, sameness.
to make into one. \Bunification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunilateral\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1latt\j\b\ia-r'l \Padjective\p of, on or by one side only: 'the rebel colony made a \Iunilateral\j\b\i declaration of independence'. \Bunilaterally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunilingual\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1ling\j\b\i-w'l \Padjective\p of or knowing one language only.
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\Hunimaginable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-im\CX1maj\j\b\i-inna-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be imagined or comprehended. \Bunimaginably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunimpeachable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i that cannot be questioned or doubted: '\Iunimpeachable\j\b\i evidence'.
\Padjective\p free from restraints or inhibitions.
#
\Huninspiring\h
\Padjective\p uninspired dull or dreary.
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\Hunintelligent\h
\Padjective\p a) having no intelligence. b) deficient in intelligence. \Bunintelligently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunintelligible\h
\Padjective\p not able to be understood. \Bunintelligibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunintentional\h
\Padjective\p not done on purpose.
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\Huninterested\h
\Padjective\p having or showing no interest or concern.
See \Jdisinterested\j\b\i.
#
\Huninteresting\h
\Padjective\p not interesting.
#
\Hunion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoon\j\b\i-yun \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of uniting into one: 'the \Iunion\j\b\i of colonies into a single state'. b) a combination formed by uniting: 'their marriage is a happy \Iunion\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a trade union.
\CX13.\j\b\i a social organisation for students in a college or university.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the set of elements containing the elements of two given sets.
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\Hunionist\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoon\j\b\i-yun-ist \Pnoun\p a) a person who supports union. b) a member of a trade union.
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\Hunique\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1neek\j\b\i \Padjective\p being the only one of its kind.
Unique strictly speaking means being the only one of its kind and comes via French from Latin \Iunicus\j\b\i (only, sole), which was derived in turn from \Iunus\j\b\i (one). In modern English it is used rather loosely to mean unequalled, unparalleled or outstanding.
#
\Hunisex\h
\Padjective\p of, for or not distinguishing between both sexes.
#
\Hunison\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-sun \Pnoun\p a speaking or sounding together or simultaneously: 'the class recited the poem in \Iunison\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'we are in \Iunison\j\b\i about the proposal' (= agreement).
#
\Hunit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\init \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any person, thing, or group considered as a single thing but forming part of a larger group or whole: a) 'the block of flats contained ten individual \Iunits\j\b\i'; b) 'a \Iunit\j\b\i of soldiers'; c) 'the stereogram contained a radio \Iunit\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a quantity or amount used as a standard of measurement: 'the litre is a \Iunit\j\b\i of volume'.
\CX13.\j\b\i the smallest whole number (1). Latin \Iunus\j\b\i one
#
\HUnitarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1tair\j\b\iiun \Pnoun\p \IReligion:\j\b\i a member of the denomination that rejects the Trinity, original sin, atonement, eternal punishment, etc.
#
\Hunitary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like a unit or units.
\CX12.\j\b\i of or characterised by unity.
#
\Hunite\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1nite\j\b\i \Pverb\p to combine together: 'the states \Iunited\j\b\i to form a single country'. \Bunity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state of being united, especially into a complete or harmonious whole; \Bunitedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunit trust\h
a company which spreads subscribers' funds over a wide range of shares and distributes the proceeds in proportion to the number of units each subscriber has bought.
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\Hunivalent\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1vay\j\b\i-l'nt \Padjective\p also called \Bmonovalent\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i having a valency or combining power of one.
#
\Hunivalve\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-valv \Pnoun\p a mollusc with only one part to its shell. Compare \Jbivalve\j\b\i.
#
\Huniversal\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1ver\j\b\i-s'l \Padjective\p of, by, including or affecting all: '\Iuniversal\j\b\i peace'.
\Buniversal\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
something which is universal, such as an unchanging quality, a common pattern of behaviour, etc. \Buniversally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buniversality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yooni-ver-\CX1sall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Huniversal joint\h
also called a \Buniversal coupling\j\b\i
a joint between two rotating shafts which allows a limited amount of movement in any direction.
#
\Huniversal set\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i the set composed of all possible elements in the field of discussion.
#
\Huniversal time\h
a system of time measurement based on Greenwich Mean Time, used by astronomers.
#
\Huniverse\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ini-vers \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i all the space, matter, and energy which is thought to exist.
\CX12.\j\b\i the world and all humankind.
#
\Huniversity\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooni-\CX1ver\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an institution for research and teaching at a more advanced level than a school, and which awards degrees to its students.
\CX12.\j\b\i the members of a university considered as a group.
#
\Hunjust\h
\Padjective\p not fair or just. \Bunjustly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunjustified\h
\Padjective\p not justified. \Bunjustifiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bunjustifiably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunkempt\h
\Padjective\p untidy or neglected.
#
\Hunkind\h
\Padjective\p not kind; harsh. \Bunkindly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunkindness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunknown\h
\Padjective\p not known.
\Bthe unknown\j\b\i, anything mysterious or beyond normal experience.
#
\Hunlawful\h
\Padjective\p relating to an act or relationship which the law forbids.
#
\Hunleaded\h
\Padjective\p being without lead-based additives, as in petrol.
#
\Hunlearned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1lern\j\b\i-id) ignorant or not learned.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1lernd\j\b\i) not learnt.
#
\Hunleash\h
\Pverb\p to release or let loose.
#
\Hunleavened\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1levv\j\b\i'nd \Padjective\p (of bread) made without yeast.
#
\Hunless\h
conjunction except on the condition that: 'you'll catch cold \Iunless\j\b\i you dress warmly'.
#
\Hunlettered\h
\Padjective\p illiterate or not educated.
#
\Hunlike\h
\Padjective\p not like or alike.
\Bunlike\j\b\i \Ipreposition\j\b\i
not typical of: 'it is \Iunlike\j\b\i you to be so angry'.
#
\Hunlikely\h
\Padjective\p a) not likely or probable. b) not likely to succeed. \Bunlikelihood\j\b\i, \Bunlikeliness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
#
\Hunlimited\h
\Padjective\p having no limits or restrictions.
#
\Hunlisted\h
\Padjective\p not entered in a list or directory: 'an \Iunlisted\j\b\i telephone number'.
#
\Hunload\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove the load or charge from: a) 'the ship was quickly \Iunloaded\j\b\i'; b) '\Iunload\j\b\i that rifle at once'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to get rid of: 'farmers \Iunloaded\j\b\i their bumper crop at give-away prices'.
#
\Hunlooked-for\h
\Padjective\p not expected or foreseen.
#
\Hunloose\h
\Pverb\p to let loose or free.
#
\Hunmake\h
\Pverb\p (\Bunmade\j\b\i, \Bunmaking\j\b\i)
to undo or take to pieces: 'the plans we had made had to be \Iunmade\j\b\i the following day'.
#
\Hunmanageable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1mann\j\b\iija-b'l \Padjective\p impossible to handle or control properly.
#
\Hunmanly\h
\Padjective\p cowardly or not manly.
#
\Hunmask\h
\Pverb\p to take off a mask or disguise.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the traitor was \Iunmasked\j\b\i and punished' (= revealed).
#
\Hunmatched\h
\Padjective\p not matched or equalled.
#
\Hunmentionable\h
\Padjective\p not fit or worthy to be mentioned.
#
\Hunmindful\h
\Padjective\p paying no heed or regard. \Bunmindfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunmistakeable\h
\Padjective\p unmistakable about which no mistake is possible. \Bunmistakeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunmitigated\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not softened or lessened: 'the \Iunmitigated\j\b\i fury of the storm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i complete or absolute: 'Simon is an \Iunmitigated\j\b\i fool'.
#
\Hunmoved\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1moov\j\b\id \Padjective\p not moved or affected: 'he was \Iunmoved\j\b\i by their pleas'.
#
\Hunnamed\h
\Padjective\p a) having no name. b) not mentioned by name.
#
\Hunnatural\h
\Padjective\p not natural or normal. \Bunnaturally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunnaturalness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunnecessary\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1ness\j\b\iis-ree \Ior\j\b\i un-\CX1ness\j\b\ia-serri \Padjective\p a) not necessary. b) more than is necessary: 'he acted with \Iunnecessary\j\b\i caution'. \Bunnecessarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunnerve\h
\Pverb\p to deprive of nerve, courage or self-control.
#
\Hunnilennium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1en\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 109.
#
\Hunnilhexium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1heks\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 106.
#
\Hunnilhexium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1heks\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 106.
#
\Hunniloctium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1oct\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 108.
#
\Hunnilpentium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1pent\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p also called \Bhahnium\j\b\i
element number 105, an unstable, artificially created element.
element number 109.
#
\Hunnilquadium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1kwod\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p also called \Brutherfordium\j\b\i
element number 104, an unstable, artificially created, radioactive element.
element number 109.
#
\Hunnilseptium\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-nil-\CX1sept\j\b\iium \Pnoun\p element number 107.
#
\Hunnumbered\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not counted: 'an \Iunnumbered\j\b\i quantity of old cups and saucers'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not marked with a number: '\Iunnumbered\j\b\i pages'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i '\Iunnumbered\j\b\i thousands flocked to the opera' (= countless).
#
\Hunobtrusive\h
\Isay\j\b\i unnob-\CX1troo\j\b\isiv \Padjective\p a) not obtrusive. b) quiet or discreet. \Bunobtrusively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunofficial\h
\Padjective\p not official.
\Bunofficial strike\j\b\i
a strike not supported by the strikers' trade union. \Bunofficially\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunorthodox\h
\Padjective\p not orthodox, conventional or approved. \Bunorthodoxy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\Padjective\p not in accordance with the rules or customs of parliament.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he used \Iunparliamentary\j\b\i language' (= bad).
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\Hunpeg\h
\Pverb\p (\Bunpegged\j\b\i, \Bunpegging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to remove the peg or pegs from, e.g. to open.
\CX12.\j\b\i to permit an increase in, e.g. wages or prices.
#
\Hunpick\h
\Pverb\p to undo the stitches of.
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\Hunpleasant\h
\Padjective\p not pleasant. \Bunpleasantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunpleasantness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunplug\h
\Pverb\p (\Bunplugged\j\b\i, \Bunplugging\j\b\i)
to remove the plug from, e.g. to disconnect an electrical appliance.
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\Hunplumbed\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1plum\j\b\id \Padjective\p unfathomed or of unknown depth: 'we shall never know to what \Iunplumbed\j\b\i depths of misery she sank'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'at last the mystery was \Iunravelled\j\b\i' (= solved).
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\Hunread\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1red\j\b\i \Padjective\p not read. \Bunreadable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1reed\j\b\i-a-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not worth reading as it is too badly written to be read with pleasure, b) illegible.
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\Hunready\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not ready or prepared.
\CX12.\j\b\i reluctant.
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\Hunreal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i imaginary or visionary: '\Iunreal\j\b\i fears'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not true to life: 'an \Iunreal\j\b\i portrayal of characters in a book'.
\Padjective\p unrealized not fulfilled or developed.
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\Hunrealistic\h
\Padjective\p not realistic. \Bunrealistically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunreasonable\h
\Padjective\p not reasonable; excessive. \Bunreasonably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunreasoned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i irrational: 'an \Iunreasoned\j\b\i fear of air travel'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not well reasoned or thought out: 'an \Iunreasoned\j\b\i argument'. \Bunreasoning\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, not using or guided by reason.
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\Hunrefined\h
\Padjective\p not refined or purified: '\Iunrefined\j\b\i sugar'.
\Pverb\p to restore to an ordered or proper state.
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\Hunscrew\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to draw the screw or screws from.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove a screw-top by turning.
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\Hunscrupulous\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1skroo\j\b\i-pew-lus \Padjective\p having no conscience or scruples. \Bunscrupulously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunscrupulousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunseasonable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not in or characteristic of the proper season.
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throw or remove from a seat or saddle.
\CX12.\j\b\i to depose from an official position.
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\Hunsecured\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not made secure or fastened.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a mortgage, bond, etc.) not covered by assets.
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\Hunseemly\h
\Padjective\p not seemly or becoming. \Bunseemliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunseen\h
\Padjective\p a) not seen or evident. b) invisible. \Bunseen\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a passage not previously seen, set for translation in examinations, etc.
#
\Hunserviceable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1ser\j\b\ivissa-b'l \Padjective\p not able to be used, e.g. because of wear, damage, etc.
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\Hunsettle\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to change or move from a settled condition.
\CX12.\j\b\i to make troubled, anxious or uncertain. \Bunsettled\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunshackle\h
\Pverb\p to free from or as if from shackles.
#
\Hunshakeable\h
\Padjective\p unshakable (of opinions, beliefs, etc.) firm, immoveable, not open to persuasion. \Bunshakeably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunshaken\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunsheathe\h
\Pverb\p to remove a sword, etc. from a sheath or scabbard.
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\Hunshriven\h
\Padjective\p \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i not having confessed or received the last sacrament.
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\Hunsightly\h
\Padjective\p not pleasant to look at: 'her room was an \Iunsightly\j\b\i mess'. \Bunsightliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunskilled\h
\Padjective\p (of a worker) having or needing no special training or ability for a job. \Bunskilful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hunslaked lime\h
quicklime.
#
\Hunsling\h
\Pverb\p to remove a rifle, pack, etc. from a slung position.
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\Hunsociable\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1so\j\b\i-sha-b'l \Padjective\p not inclined to seek the company of others. \Bunsociably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunsociability\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunsolicited\h
\Padjective\p not requested: 'her \Iunsolicited\j\b\i advice was not welcome'.
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\Hunsophisticated\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-sof-\CX1ist\j\b\ii-kaytid \Padjective\p naive or ingenuous.
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\Hunsound\h
\Padjective\p not sound: 'he was declared to be of \Iunsound\j\b\i mind'. \Bunsoundly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunsoundness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i not capable of expression in words: 'she was filled with an \Iunspeakable\j\b\i joy'. \Bunspeakably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hunstable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not stable: a) 'an \Iunstable\j\b\i structure'; b) 'his character is \Iunstable\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i (of certain compounds) readily decomposing into other compounds.
#
\Hunsteady\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not stable: 'you look a bit \Iunsteady\j\b\i on top of that ladder'.
\CX12.\j\b\i uneven or wavering: 'the drunk steered an \Iunsteady\j\b\i course'. \Bunsteadily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunsteadiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunstick\h
\Pverb\p (\Bunstuck\j\b\i, \Bunsticking\j\b\i)
to free, e.g. one thing which is stuck to another.
\Bcome unstuck\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to end in disaster or defeat.
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\Hunstressed\h
\Padjective\p a) not under stress or strain. b) not stressed or accented.
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\Hunstudied\h
\Padjective\p a) not planned or premeditated: 'an \Iunstudied\j\b\i action'. b) natural or not affected: 'an \Iunstudied\j\b\i grace'.
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\Hunsuited\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1soo\j\b\i-tid \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not suited: '\Iunsuited\j\b\i for that purpose'.
\CX12.\j\b\i incompatible.
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\Hunsung\h
\Padjective\p not celebrated in, or as if in, song: 'an \Iunsung\j\b\i hero'.
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\Hunsure\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1shor\j\b\i \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i lacking confidence or assurance.
\CX12.\j\b\i not certain: 'the outcome is still \Iunsure\j\b\i'.
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\Hunswerving\h
\Padjective\p not altering direction, constant.
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\Huntangle\h
\Pverb\p a) to free from tangles. b) to clear up or straighten out: '\Iuntangle\j\b\i a problem'.
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\Huntapped\h
\Padjective\p not drawn from: 'the \Iuntapped\j\b\i resources of the human brain'.
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\Huntenable\h
\Padjective\p not able to be defended or maintained: 'your theories are quite \Iuntenable\j\b\i'.
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\Hunthinkable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not imaginable.
\CX12.\j\b\i outrageous or out of the question: 'that's \Iunthinkable\j\b\i!'.
#
\Hunthinking\h
\Padjective\p lacking thoughtfulness, care or attention. \Bunthinkingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Huntidy\h
\Padjective\p not tidy or neat. \Buntidy\j\b\i (\Buntidied\j\b\i, \Buntidying\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i; \Buntidily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buntidiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Huntie\h
\Pverb\p a) to loosen or unknot. b) to free from something that binds or restrains.
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\Huntil\h
preposition \CX11.\j\b\i up to the time of: 'we will wait \Iuntil\j\b\i midday'.
\CX12.\j\b\i before: 'the dance doesn't warm up \Iuntil\j\b\i ten'.
\Buntil\j\b\i \Iconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to the time when: 'I'll stay here \Iuntil\j\b\i I die'.
\CX12.\j\b\i before: 'I couldn't leave \Iuntil\j\b\i the boss left'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to the place or degree that: 'travel straight on \Iuntil\j\b\i you reach the freeway'.
Until, till (1)\j\b\i. Both of these words are correct. \ITill\j\b\i is slightly less formal and more suitable for conversation: 'I think I might wait \Itill\j\b\i the sun shines before I go for a walk'. \IUntil\j\b\i is to be preferred for writing: 'the war raged on \Iuntil\j\b\i the resources of both countries had been exhausted'.
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1tew\j\b\iterd \Padjective\p not taught or instructed.
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\Hunused\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1yoozd\j\b\i) a) not yet used. b) not made use of.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1yoost\j\b\i) not accustomed: 'I am \Iunused\j\b\i to such rudeness'.
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\Hunusual\h
\Padjective\p not usual, common or ordinary. \Bunusually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bunusualness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hunutterable\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not able to be expressed: '\Iunutterable\j\b\i bliss'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not able to be \Ppronoun\pced. \Bunutterably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunvarnished\h
\Padjective\p straightforward, plain or simple: 'the \Iunvarnished\j\b\i truth'.
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\Hunveil\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to remove a veil from.
\CX12.\j\b\i to reveal: 'the clouds parted to \Iunveil\j\b\i the sun'.
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\Hunvoiced\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i uttered without vibration of the vocal cords. See \Jvoice\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i thought but not said: 'his opinions remained \Iunvoiced\j\b\i'.
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\Hunwarranted\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not justified: 'an \Iunwarranted\j\b\i hypothesis'.
\CX12.\j\b\i not authorised. \Bunwarrantedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunwell\h
\Padjective\p not well or healthy.
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\Hunwholesome\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1hole\j\b\i-sum \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i harmful to health or morals.
\CX12.\j\b\i unhealthy.
\CX13.\j\b\i morbid or liable to incite to immorality.
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\Hunwieldy\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-\CX1weel\j\b\i-dee \Padjective\p difficult to move or manage, because of great size, awkward shape, etc. \Bunwieldiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
\CX11.\j\b\i to wind off: 'she \Iunwound\j\b\i a length of cotton from the spool'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remove the tension from: 'to \Iunwind\j\b\i a spring'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it takes me a couple of hours to \Iunwind\j\b\i after work' (= relax, become free of strain).
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\Hunwitting\h
\Padjective\p not intended: 'an \Iunwitting\j\b\i insult'. \Bunwittingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hunwonted\h
\Padjective\p not usual, habitual or regular: 'what brings you here at this \Iunwonted\j\b\i hour?'.
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\Hunworkable\h
\Padjective\p a) not capable of being put into operation: 'this plan is completely \Iunworkable\j\b\i'. b) not able to be worked.
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\Hunworldly\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not motivated by materialistic values or interests.
\CX12.\j\b\i spiritual or not belonging to this world. \Bunworldliness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hunworthy\h
\Padjective\p not worthy: '\Iunworthy\j\b\i of high office'.
\Bunworthy of\j\b\i, a) 'that remark was quite \Iunworthy of\j\b\i you' (= unbecoming); b) not deserving respect, reward, etc.
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\Hunwound\h
\Isay\j\b\i un-wownd \Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bunwind\j\b\i.
#
\Hunwritten law\h
a law, custom or rule which is generally assumed or agreed upon rather than officially recorded.
#
\Hup\h
\Padverb\p, preposition, \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i from a lower to a higher level, position, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i in or into existence or a particular situation, condition, etc.: a) 'the money will turn \Iup\j\b\i'; b) 'who is \Iup\j\b\i for election?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she stood \Iup\j\b\i to greet her guests' (= in an erect position).
b) 'I got \Iup\j\b\i late on Saturday' (= out of bed).
c) your time is \Iup\j\b\i' (= over).
d) 'we walked \Iup\j\b\i the road' (= along).
e) 'what is \Iup\j\b\i?' (= occurring, the matter).
f) 'she is \Iup\j\b\i on a charge of murder' (= before a court).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ball up\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'it's \Iall up\j\b\i, the police are here' (= at an end).
\Bup against\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'he sensed he was \Iup against\j\b\i a lot of opposition' (= faced with).
\Bup to\j\b\i, a) 'what are you \Iup to\j\b\i now?' (= doing); b) 'it's \Iup to\j\b\i you to make a success of this job' (= incumbent upon); c) 'this bus holds \Iup to\j\b\i 45 people' (= no more than); d) 'she was \Iup to\j\b\i her neck in mud' (= as far as); e) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'Anna's not \Iup to\j\b\i travelling yet' (= capable of, fit for).
\Bup\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bupped\j\b\i, \Bupping\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to raise: 'I \Iupped\j\b\i his bet $50'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to get or start up: 'he'd \Iupped\j\b\i and gone before the wedding had begun'.
\Bup\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a rise or an ascent: 'the \Iups\j\b\i and downs of life'.
\Bon the up and up\j\b\i, achieving success.
#
\Hup-\h
a prefix meaning up, as in \Iupheaval\j\b\i.
#
\Hup-and-coming\h
\Padjective\p promising or becoming successful: 'an \Iup-and-coming\j\b\i young businessman'.
#
\Hupbeat\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) cheerful or hopeful.
#
\Hupbraid\h
\Pverb\p to reprove severely.
#
\Hupbringing\h
\Pnoun\p the rearing and training received during childhood.
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\Hupcoming\h
\Padjective\p soon to occur or come into existence: 'her \Iupcoming\j\b\i book will be made into a film'.
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\Hup-country\h
\Padjective\p remote from the coast, the lowlands or the border: 'an \Iup-country\j\b\i settlement'. \Bup-country\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bup-country\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hupdate\h
\Pverb\p to make up-to-date.
#
\Hup-end\h
\Pverb\p a) to stand or place on its end. b) to upset or alter drastically.
#
\Hupfront\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) frank, honest or open.
\CX12.\j\b\i paid at the beginning or early in a financial arrangement: 'an \Iupfront\j\b\i payment was made as a sign of trust between the traders'.
#
\Hupgrade\h
\Pverb\p to raise to a higher position, rank or standard.
\Padjective\p going up a hill or slope: 'an \Iuphill\j\b\i climb'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you'll have an \Iuphill\j\b\i job to convince him' (= difficult). \Buphill\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Huphold\h
\Pverb\p (\Bupheld\j\b\i, \Bupholding\j\b\i).
to maintain or give support to: 'the court \Iupheld\j\b\i the judge's decision'.
#
\Hupholster\h
\Pverb\p to provide chairs, etc. with stuffing, springs, cushions and coverings. \Bupholsterer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bupholstery\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the fabrics, etc., used in upholstering. Medieval English \Iuphold\j\b\i to keep in repair
#
\Hupkeep\h
\Pnoun\p a) the maintenance of an establishment, machine, etc. b) the cost of such maintenance.
#
\Hupland\h
\Pnoun\p an area of high land.
#
\Huplift\h
\Pverb\p a) to raise up or aloft. b) to raise spiritually or mentally: 'his spirits were \Iuplifted\j\b\i by the hymn'. \Buplift\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Huplink\h
\Pnoun\p an access which allows the transmission of signals to a satellite from an earth station.
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\Hupload\h
\Pverb\p \IComputers:\j\b\i to transfer a file to a remote computer from one's own computer, usually by phone modem. Compare \Jdownload\j\b\i.
#
\Hup-market\h
\Padjective\p (of goods or services) a) superior in quality. b) impressively expensive.
#
\Hupon\h
preposition on.
See \Jon\j\b\i.
#
\Hupper\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i higher than something else: 'he's in the \Iupper\j\b\i income bracket'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a surface) facing upwards.
\Bupper\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the part of a shoe or boot above the sole.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a stimulant drug.
\Bon one's uppers\j\b\i, having little or no money.
#
\Hupper case\h
\IPrinting:\j\b\i capital letters, as in the C that begins the following sentence. Compare \Jlower case\j\b\i.
#
\Hupper circle\h
the section of seats above the dress circle in a theatre.
#
\Hupper crust\h
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) the aristocracy or very wealthy class.
#
\Huppercut\h
\Pnoun\p \IBoxing:\j\b\i a heavy punch to the head, made by swinging the arm upwards with the elbow bent.
#
\Huppermost\h
\Padjective\p highest in place, rank, authority, etc. \Buppermost\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Huppish\h
\Padjective\p uppity (\Iinformal\j\b\i) inclined to be snobbish or arrogant. \Buppishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Buppishness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hupright\h
\Padjective\p being in a vertical position.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an \Iupright\j\b\i and decent man' (= honest and just).
\Bupright\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
an object standing vertical, such as a piece of timber used as a support. \Bupright\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, in a vertical position or direction.
#
\Huprising\h
\Pnoun\p an act of popular resistance or protest: 'the new corn tax led to \Iuprisings\j\b\i in the provinces'.
#
\Huproar\h
\Pnoun\p a state of noisy excitement and confusion: 'the meeting ended in an \Iuproar\j\b\i'.
\Buproarious\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i loud, noisy and boisterous: '\Iuproarious\j\b\i laughter greeted us'.
\CX12.\j\b\i very funny: 'it was an \Iuproarious\j\b\i sight'. \Buproariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Huproot\h
\Pverb\p to tear or pull up by the roots: 'the high winds \Iuprooted\j\b\i an ancient oak tree'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the war \Iuprooted\j\b\i millions of citizens' (= displaced).
#
\Huprush\h
\Pnoun\p a sudden or violent upward movement, flow, etc.: 'he felt an \Iuprush\j\b\i of hatred possess him'.
a disturbance or disorder, especially an unexpected one: a) 'a stomach \Iupset\j\b\i'; b) 'the news was a terrible \Iupset\j\b\i'. \Bupset\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hupshot\h
\Pnoun\p the final outcome.
#
\Hupside-down\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i with the upper side down.
\CX12.\j\b\i in disorder. \Bupside down\j\b\i, in or to an upside-down position.
#
\Hupstage\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \ITheatre:\j\b\i to move to the back of the stage in order to manoeuvre another actor into facing away from the audience.
\CX12.\j\b\i to distract attention or interest from another person to oneself.
\Bupstage\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the back or furthest part of the stage in a theatre. \Bupstage\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hupstairs\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to an upper floor or floors.
\Bupstairs\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) up the stairs: 'she walked \Iupstairs\j\b\i'. b) in, to or on an upper floor.
\CX12.\j\b\i to or in a higher rank or office.
\Bkick upstairs\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to remove someone, especially by promoting that person to a higher position but one with less actual power. \Bupstairs\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an upper storey.
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\Hupstanding\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i an old ceremonial word meaning standing erect: 'let us be \Iupstanding\j\b\i to drink the toast'.
\CX12.\j\b\i honest or upright: 'an \Iupstanding\j\b\i citizen'.
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\Hupstart\h
\Pnoun\p a person who has an arrogant or presumptuous self-confidence, often due to achieving wealth or importance very quickly. \Bupstart\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hupstate\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i the section of a State lying north of the principal city or away from the coast. \Bupstate\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hupstream\h
\Padverb\p to or at the upper part of a stream, against the direction of the current.
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\Hupsurge\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1up\j\b\i-serj \Pnoun\p a surge upwards.
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\Hupswing\h
\Pnoun\p a swinging or movement upwards.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the economy is on the \Iupswing\j\b\i now' (= improvement).
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\Huptake\h
\Pnoun\p the act of understanding or comprehending: 'he's a bit slow on the \Iuptake'.
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\Hupthrust\h
\Pnoun\p an upward thrust.
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\Huptight\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) tense, annoyed or anxious.
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\Hup-to-date\h
\Padjective\p a) modern or fashionable: 'they've got a very \Iup-to-date\j\b\i computer'. b) containing the latest information, improvements, etc.: 'an \Iup-to-date\j\b\i atlas'.
\Pverb\p to turn up or over. \Bupturn\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an upward turn, e.g. in the economy, business, etc.
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\Hupward\h
\Padjective\p moving or directed up: 'the hill has an \Iupward\j\b\i slope'.
\Bupwards, upward\j\b\i \Iadverb\j\b\i
towards a higher place or level: 'the hikers climbed \Iupwards\j\b\i for what seemed like an age'.
\Bupwards of\j\b\i, more than, in excess of.
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\Hupwind\h
\Padverb\p in the direction from which the wind is blowing: 'the ship was sailing \Iupwind\j\b\i'. \Bupwind\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, facing or moving towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.
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\Huracil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ira-sil \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i See \Jpyrimidine\j\b\i.
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\Huranium\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ray\j\b\inium \Pnoun\p element number 92, a radioactive metal occurring in two isotopes [***238/92]U and [***235/92]U, the latter of which is used in nuclear reactors and formed the basis of the first atomic bombs. See \Jactinide\j\b\i.
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\HUranus\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ray\j\b\inus \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system seventh from the sun. after \IUranus\j\b\i, god of the sky in Greek mythology
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\Hurban\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to cities and large towns. \Burbanise, urbanize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cause or to become urban in character or nature; \Burbanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Burbanism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hurbane\h
\Isay\j\b\i er\CX1bane\j\b\i \Padjective\p sophisticated, refined or smoothly polite. \Burbanely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Burbanity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i er-\CX1bann\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being urbane.
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\Hurban guerrilla\h
a terrorist who specialises in sporadic acts of bombing, kidnapping or assassination in cities.
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\Hurban renewal\h
the rebuilding of slum areas in a city, based on extensive planning for social and physical needs.
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\Hurchin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1er\j\b\ichin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small, mischievous, shabbily dressed child: 'a street \Iurchin\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a sea-urchin.
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\Hurea\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ree\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i the main nitrogenous product excreted by mammals, some fish, etc.
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\Hureter\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ree\j\b\ita \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of two tubes through which the urine, collected in the kidneys, passes to be stored in the bladder.
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\Hurethra\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ree\j\b\ithra \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder.
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\Hurge\h
\Isay\j\b\i erj \Pverb\p to push or drive forward with force, threats, etc.: 'with whip and spur he \Iurged\j\b\i his filly on'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he \Iurged\j\b\i me to buy some insurance' (= tried to persuade).
\CX12.\j\b\i insistent: 'she made her request in an \Iurgent\j\b\i whisper'. \Burgently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Burgency\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Huric acid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\irik assid
the main nitrogenous product excreted by birds and most reptiles.
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\Hurinal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\iri-n'l \Ior\j\b\i yoo-\CX1rye\j\b\i-n'l \Pnoun\p a fixture, room or building for urinating.
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\Hurinary bladder\h
short form is \Bbladder\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a hollow muscular bag in the pelvic cavity, which receives urine from the kidneys and discharges it through the urethra.
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\Hurinate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\iri-nate \Pverb\p to pass urine. \Burination\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hurine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-rin \Pnoun\p a fluid secreted by the kidneys and excreted from the body as a waste. \Burinary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, relating to or involved in the production and excretion of urine.
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\Hurinogenital\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoori-no-\CX1jenn\j\b\ii-t'l \Padjective\p also called \Burogenital\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yooro-\CX1jenn\j\b\ii-t'l)
of or relating to the urinary and genital organs and their functions.
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\Hurn\h
\Isay\j\b\i ern \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a vase, usually with a base or stem, used for storing the ashes of the dead.
\CX12.\j\b\i a large metal container in which heated drinks may be made or kept hot.
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\Hurology\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the branch of medicine dealing with urine and the urinogenital tissues. \Burologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hursine\h
\Padjective\p of or relating to bears. Latin \Iursus\j\b\i bear
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\Hus\h
\Ppronoun\p singular is \Bme\j\b\i
the objective form of the \Ppronoun\p \Bwe\j\b\i: a) 'he likes \Ius\j\b\i'; b) 'give the books to \Ius\j\b\i'.
See \Jwe\j\b\i.
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\Huse\h
\Isay\j\b\i yooz \Pverb\p to bring or put into action or service: a) 'we could \Iuse\j\b\i a person with your talents'; b) 'we \Iuse\j\b\i the front room as a study'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the horse had been badly \Iused\j\b\i by its rider' (= treated).
b) 'she \Iused\j\b\i us selfishly' (= exploited).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bused to\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoost too), a) 'I got \Iused to\j\b\i having you around' (= accustomed to); b) 'you \Iused\j\b\i not \Ito\j\b\i behave like that' (= did formerly).
\Buse up\j\b\i, to consume something entirely.
\Buse\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yooce) \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of using: 'she made good \Iuse\j\b\i of her talents'. b) the condition of being used: 'is that custom still in \Iuse\j\b\i here?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the purpose for which something is used: 'a dictionary has many \Iuses\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the right or ability to use something: 'I've lost the \Iuse\j\b\i of one eye'. b) the way or manner of using: 'the correct \Iuse\j\b\i of a telescope'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the need or occasion to use: 'do you have any further \Iuse\j\b\i for this book?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'it's a custom that has become established with \Iuse\j\b\i' (= continued practice or using).
\CX11.\j\b\i the way of treating or using a person or thing: 'books deteriorate with rough \Iusage\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i customary or habitual practice: 'that word has become accepted due to long \Iusage\j\b\i'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) the actual way in which words, etc. are used in a language. b) a particular written or \Pverb\pal expression: 'a contemptuous \Iusage\j\b\i'. \Buseable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yooz\j\b\ia-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) available for use, b) in a condition to be used; \Buseful\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yooce\j\b\i-ful), \Iadjective\j\b\i, serving a use or purpose, especially a beneficial one; \Busefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Busefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Buseless\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yooce\j\b\i-less), \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) not serving any beneficial purpose, b) futile. \Buse, utilise\j\b\i have identical meanings, but \Iuse\j\b\i is generally preferred for its brevity. \IUtilise\j\b\i may appear in the context of more formal, technical writing.
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\Huser\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yooz\j\b\i'r \Pnoun\p a) a person who uses something on a regular basis: 'he is a library \Iuser\j\b\i'. b) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who uses drugs regularly.
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\Huser-friendly\h
\Padjective\p a) \IComputers:\j\b\i a computing program or system that is easy to learn, use, or respond to. b) similarly applied to non-computing systems, machines, etc.
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\Huser group\h
\CX11.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a group of people who have an interest in a particular brand or type of computer hardware or software, and who meet regularly to discuss problems, applications, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of the Internet) a group of people using electronic mail, bulletin boards, etc. to investigate a particular topic of interest.
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\Husher\h
\Pnoun\p a) a person who escorts others to their seats in a cinema, church, etc. b) an official in a law court who maintains order.
\Busher\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to escort or conduct. \Busherette\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i usha-\CX1ret\j\b\i), \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of usher. Latin \Iostiarius\j\b\i doorman
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\Husual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\iew'l \Padjective\p expected because of past experience or occurrence: 'this is the \Iusual\j\b\i weather for March'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he arrived earlier than \Iusual\j\b\i' (= habitual). \Busually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Husurp\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1zerp\j\b\i \Ior\j\b\i yoo-\CX1serp\j\b\i \Pverb\p to seize wrongfully or by force something belonging to another, such as power or property. \Busurper\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Busurpation\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoozer-\CX1pay\j\b\i-sh'n), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Husury\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\ia-ree \Pnoun\p a) the business of lending money, especially at a rate of interest which is high or above the legal rate. b) this rate of interest. \Busurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Busurious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1\Izh\j\b\ioor\j\b\ii-us), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Busuriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hute\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoot \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a utility vehicle.
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\Hutensil\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1ten\j\b\isil \Pnoun\p any instrument, container or tool serving some useful purpose: a) 'kitchen \Iutensils\j\b\i'; b) 'writing \Iutensils\j\b\i'. Latin \Iutensilis\j\b\i fit for use
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\Huterus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\ita-rus \Pnoun\p also called the \Bwomb\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the thick-walled organ lying in the pelvic cavity in females, in which the young grow between fertilisation and birth.
\Buterine tube\j\b\i See \Jfallopian tube\j\b\i. Latin
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\Hutilise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-ti-lize \Pverb\p utilize to make use of. \Butiliser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Butilisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. See \Juse\j\b\i.
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\Hutilitarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-tilli-\CX1tair\j\b\iian \Padjective\p believing that all actions should be aimed at the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. \Butilitarian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a utilitarian person, especially one concerned with only practical matters or material interests and aims; \Butilitarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hutility\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the quality of being useful: 'bread has more \Iutility\j\b\i than guns'. b) something which is useful.
\CX12.\j\b\i an organisation which supplies basic needs, such as water, electricity, gas, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i a motor vehicle with a tray at the back used for carrying medium-sized loads. Latin \Iutilis\j\b\i useful
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\Hutmost\h
\Padjective\p uttermost \CX11.\j\b\i greatest: 'you are in the \Iutmost\j\b\i peril'.
\CX12.\j\b\i furthest: 'he travelled to the \Iutmost\j\b\i corners of the globe'. \Butmost\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the most possible.
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\Hutopia\h
\Isay\j\b\i yoo-\CX1toe\j\b\i-pee-a \Pnoun\p any perfect place or situation. \Butopian\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, excellent but impractical; \Butopian\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an idealistic but impractical reformer; \Butopianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \I'Utopia'\j\b\i, a book by Sir Thomas More, 1478-1535, describing an island of political and social perfection
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\Hutter (1)\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to express audibly: 'the mouse \Iuttered\j\b\i a squeak'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to put counterfeit or forged money, etc. into circulation.
\Butterance\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act or manner of uttering. b) something which is uttered or expressed.
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\Hutter (2)\h
\Padjective\p total: 'they lived in \Iutter\j\b\i misery for years'. \Butterly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Huvula\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1yoo\j\b\i-vew\j\b\i-la \Pnoun\p the small, conical mass of tissue hanging above the back of the tongue. \Buvular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin, a small grape
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\Hvac\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a vacation.
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\Hvacant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\i-k'nt \Padjective\p not occupied: 'are these seats \Ivacant\j\b\i?'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he gave a \Ivacant\j\b\i stare' (= vague).
\Bvacancy\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the state or condition of being vacant.
\CX12.\j\b\i a space, position or place which is vacant: a) 'a motel \Ivacancy\j\b\i'; b) 'an office \Ivacancy\j\b\i for a typist'.
to leave or give up: 'the landlord insisted we \Ivacate\j\b\i the house'. \Bvacantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvacation\h
\Isay\j\b\i vay-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Ior\j\b\i va-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a holiday. b) the period between terms at universities and law-courts.
\CX12.\j\b\i the act of vacating: 'his \Ivacation\j\b\i of the position gave me a chance for promotion'.
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\Hvaccine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vak\j\b\iseen \Pnoun\p a modified infective agent such as a virus, which gives immunity to a disease, often by introducing a mild form of the disease.
a) the state of being vacuous. b) something which is vacuous. \Bvacuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvacuum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vak\j\b\i-yoom \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a space entirely void of matter.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i an enclosed space from which air and all other gases have been removed.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a vacuum cleaner.
\Bvacuum\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
relating to an apparatus or process using gas pressures below atmospheric pressure. \Bvacuum\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to clean with a vacuum cleaner. Latin
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\Hvacuum cleaner\h
an electrical appliance which sucks up dirt and dust.
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\Hvacuum flask\h
a thermos flask.
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\Hvacuum tube\h
a sealed glass tube with an almost perfect vacuum, used to observe the passage of an electric charge.
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\Hvagabond\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vagg\j\b\ia-bond \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person, especially one with no fixed abode, who wanders from place to place.
\CX12.\j\b\i an idle or worthless person. \Bvagabond\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) nomadic, b) idle. Latin \Ivagari\j\b\i to wander
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\Hvagary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\i-ga-ree \Pnoun\p an extravagant whim or fancy.
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\Hvagina\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1jie\j\b\i-na \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the tube which connects the uterus to the vulva in female mammals. \Bvaginal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvagrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\i-gr'nt \Pnoun\p a tramp. \Bvagrant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wandering or with no fixed abode; \Bvagrantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvagrancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvague\h
\Isay\j\b\i vaig \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not clear or distinct: a) 'a \Ivague\j\b\i, shadowy figure in the fog'; b) 'a \Ivague\j\b\i memory'.
\CX12.\j\b\i vacant or without a clear expression: 'a \Ivague\j\b\i stare'. \Bvaguely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvagueness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvain\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i too proud of one's looks, abilities, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i futile or useless: 'she made a \Ivain\j\b\i attempt to try and stop the flow'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'ignore her \Ivain\j\b\i boasts' (= without value).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bin vain\j\b\i, to no use or effect.
\Btake someone's name in vain\j\b\i, to use someone's name disrespectfully, especially God's name.
\CX11.\j\b\i excessive pride or desire for praise.
\CX12.\j\b\i the quality of being worthless or futile: 'she tired of the \Ivanity\j\b\i of their aimless life'. \Bvainly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ivanus\j\b\i empty
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\Hvainglory\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i extreme or boastful vanity.
\CX12.\j\b\i vain pomp or show. \Bvainglorious\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvalance\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1lan\j\b\ice \Pnoun\p a short piece of decorative drapery used to cover a bed base or curtain fixtures.
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\Hvale\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a valley.
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\Hvalediction\h
\Isay\j\b\i valla-\CX1dik\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a farewell, especially as expressed in speech or writing. \Bvaledictory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bvaledictory\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a farewell speech. Latin \Ivale\j\b\i goodbye + \Idicere\j\b\i to say
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\Hvalency\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\il'n-see \Pnoun\p short form of \Belectrovalency\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i the combining power of an atom, equal to the number of hydrogen atoms which an atom will combine with or replace. \IExample\j\b\i: the valency of oxygen is two, so it combines with two atoms of hydrogen to form water, H\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iO. Latin \Ivalens\j\b\i being strong
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\Hvalentine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vall\j\b\ien-tine \Pnoun\p a) a token of love or friendship sent to a person on February 14th (St Valentine's Day), which is set aside for this tradition. b) the person to whom the token is sent.
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\Hvalet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vall\j\b\iay \Ior\j\b\i \CX1vall\j\b\iet \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a male servant who attends his employer personally.
\CX12.\j\b\i a hotel employee who cleans the guests' clothes, etc. French
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\Hvaletudinarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i valla-tewdi-\CX1nair\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p a) a person in poor health. b) a person obsessed with the state of his or her health.
\Padjective\p a) having full or official force or effect: 'the ticket is only \Ivalid\j\b\i for one person'. b) sound or reasonable: 'do you have a \Ivalid\j\b\i excuse?'. \Bvalidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvalidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1lidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvalidate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make valid.
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\Hvalise\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1leez\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a small travelling bag or case, carried in the hand.
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\Hvalium\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\ili-um \Pnoun\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i a drug used to reduce anxiety and tension. a trademark
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\Hvalley\h
\Pnoun\p any low stretch of land between hills or higher land, often with a river flowing through it.
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\Hvalour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vall\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p valor heroic courage. \Bvalorous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvalue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1val\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the fact of being useful or desirable: 'what is the \Ivalue\j\b\i of ten years at school?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i equivalence in money: 'the property's \Ivalue\j\b\i increased last year'.
\CX13.\j\b\i weight or emphasis: 'give the notes full \Ivalue\j\b\i in this passage of music'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any ideals, goals or standards upon which actions or beliefs are based.
\Bvalue\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to estimate the value of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to regard highly: 'I \Ivalue\j\b\i your friendship'.
of great value: a) 'a \Ivaluable\j\b\i antique'; b) '\Ivaluable\j\b\i friends'.
\Bvaluable\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iusually plural\j\b\i) any object, such as jewellery, etc., which has financial value. \Bvaluer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who estimates values; \Bvaluation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the process of deciding the value of something, b) an estimated value.
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\Hvalue added tax\h
short form is \BVAT\j\b\i
\IBritish:\j\b\i a tax on the amount by which total sales, other than exports, exceed total purchases, in theory a tax on the value added to an article at each stage of manufacture.
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\Hvalue-judgement\h
\Pnoun\p a personal assessment of quality, merit, etc. as contrasted with an objective assessment or statement of facts.
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\Hvalve\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of various devices controlling or regulating the flow of fluids or gases in a pipe or tube.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IElectronics:\j\b\i a device for regulating the flow of electrons in a gas or vacuum inside a closed container, now superseded by the transistor.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i one of the parts of a shell. \Bvalvular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1val\j\b\ivew-la), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvamoose\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to go away. Spanish \Ivamos\j\b\i let's go!
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\Hvamp (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the upper front part of a boot or shoe.
\Bvamp\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to repair or add a new vamp to.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to patch up or repair. b) to improvise a musical accompaniment, etc.
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\Hvamp (2)\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often sexist\j\b\i) a seductive woman who uses her physical charms to exploit men. \Bvamp\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. short form of \Ivampire\j\b\i
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\Hvampire\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IFolklore:\j\b\i an unnatural evil being or revived corpse, believed to leave its grave at night and suck the blood of sleeping people.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vampire bat. Hungarian
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\Hvampire bat\h
a tropical American bat which feeds on the blood of animals.
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\Hvan (1)\h
\Pnoun\p the vanguard.
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\Hvan (2)\h
\Pnoun\p a covered vehicle, often large, for carrying goods, etc.: 'a removal \Ivan\j\b\i'.
\Bguard's van\j\b\i, the end carriage of a train in which the guard travels.
\Bluggage van\j\b\i, a railway carriage for luggage and parcels.
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\Hvanadium\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1nay\j\b\i-dee-um \Pnoun\p element number 23, a metal used to toughen steel.
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\HVan Allen belt\h
\IAstronomy:\j\b\i either of two belts of charged particles that surround the earth outside its atmosphere, trapped by the earth's magnetic field. after \IJ. A. Van Allen\j\b\i, born 1914, an American physicist
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\Hvandal\h
\Pnoun\p a person who destroys or defaces things on purpose. \Bvandalism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvandalise\j\b\i, \Bvandalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. after the \IVandals\j\b\i, a Germanic tribe which sacked Rome in \Ba.d\j\b\i. 455
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\HVan Diemen's Land\h
\Isay\j\b\i van \CX1dee\j\b\imenz land
the first name given to Tasmania by European explorers.
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\Hvane\h
\Pnoun\p a blade or flat surface fixed to a rotating axis, as in a windmill.
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\Hvanguard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the leading part of a military force, providing warning and protection.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) the forefront of a trend or movement. b) those in this position. French \Iavant\j\b\i before + \Igarde\j\b\i guard
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\Hvanilla\h
\Pnoun\p an extract from a pod-like fruit, widely used as a flavouring in cooking.
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\Hvanish\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to disappear completely, especially quickly.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i to become zero.
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\Hvanishing cream\h
a white cream which is absorbed when put on the face, used as a base for powder, etc.
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\Hvanity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vann\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p
See \Jvain\j\b\i.
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\Hvanity case\h
a beauty case.
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\Hvanity unit\h
a table with drawers and a washbasin set into it.
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\Hvanquish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vang\j\b\i-kwish \Pverb\p to conquer or defeat.
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\Hvantage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1van\j\b\i-tij \Pnoun\p advantage or superiority.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\ipa-rize \Pverb\p vaporize to change into vapour. \Bvaporiser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a thing which vaporises, such as a perfume spray; \Bvaporisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvapour\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vay\j\b\i-pa \Pnoun\p vapor \CX11.\j\b\i a gaseous substance, such as mist, to which some substances may be reduced by heat.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) an old word for low spirits. \Bvaporous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or covered with vapour.
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\Hvapour pressure\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the pressure exerted by molecules which escape from liquid as vapour.
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\Hvariable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vair\j\b\iia-b'l \Padjective\p changing or changeable: 'our \Ivariable\j\b\i weather is impossible to predict'.
\Bvariable\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i something liable to change.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a symbol for any member of a set of numbers. \Bvariably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvariability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vairia-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Bvariableness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hvariable star\h
any of numerous kinds of remote stars whose brilliancy varies, usually over short periods.
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\Hvariance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vair\j\b\ii-ence \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i difference or disagreement: 'explain the \Ivariance\j\b\i between your two statements'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i the square of the standard deviation. \Bvariant\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, alternative or different; \Bvariant\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something variant, such as a different spelling of the same word.
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\Hvariation\h
\Isay\j\b\i vairi-\CX1ay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a change from the normal or a standard: 'the \Ivariations\j\b\i in temperature gave her a cold'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i one of a set of versions of a given theme, differing in key, tempo, orchestration, etc.
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\Hvaricose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1varr\j\b\ii-kose \Padjective\p (of veins) enlarged or swollen.
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\Hvariegate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vair\j\b\iia-gate \Pverb\p to mark with different colours or patches. \Bvariegation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvariety\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1rye\j\b\i-a-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being different or varied: 'I want a job with \Ivariety\j\b\i not dull routine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a different kind, sort or form: 'we have 37 \Ivarieties\j\b\i of ice-cream'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a number or collection of different things: 'she supported her argument with a \Ivariety\j\b\i of reasons'.
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\Hvariety show\h
a form of entertainment consisting of songs, dances and comedy acts.
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\Hvarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vair\j\b\ii-us \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i different: 'we have it in \Ivarious\j\b\i colours'.
\CX12.\j\b\i several: 'he spoke to \Ivarious\j\b\i guests before leaving'. \Bvariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvarlet\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for a scoundrel.
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\Hvarmint\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an annoying person or animal.
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\Hvarnish\h
\Pnoun\p a) a preparation consisting of a resin dissolved in a solvent, which dries and leaves a glossy, transparent finish when applied to a surface. b) the result of applying this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'his good manners are only a \Ivarnish\j\b\i' (= deceptive veneer). \Bvarnish\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply varnish to.
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\Hvarsity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1var\j\b\isi-tee \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a university.
\CX11.\j\b\i to change or alter: 'the quality of our product never \Ivaries\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to introduce new or different forms to: 'you should \Ivary\j\b\i your diet'.
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\Hvascular\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vass\j\b\i-kewla \Padjective\p \IBiology:\j\b\i relating to or consisting of vessels which conduct fluids. Latin \Ivasculum\j\b\i a small vessel
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\Hvas deferens\h
\Isay\j\b\i vass \CX1deff\j\b\ia-renz
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the tube in the testicle which transports semen to the penis.
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\Hvase\h
\Isay\j\b\i vahz \Pnoun\p an ornamental container for flowers.
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\Hvasectomy\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1sek\j\b\ita-mee \Pnoun\p an operation to cut or remove part of the vas deferens.
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\HVaseline\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vass\j\b\ia-leen \Pnoun\p a yellow or whitish form of petroleum jelly, used as an ointment, etc. a trademark
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\Hvassal\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a person subject to a feudal contract, such as a peasant given a piece of land from a noble's estate in exchange for military service, etc. Compare \Jseigneur\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i any person who is subservient to or dependent on another. \Bvassalage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvast\h
\Isay\j\b\i vahst \Padjective\p of very great size or extent: a) 'a \Ivast\j\b\i desert'; b) '\Ivast\j\b\i sums of money'. \Bvastly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvastness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvat\h
\Pnoun\p a large container for liquids.
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\Hvaudeville\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vaw\j\b\ida-vil \Pnoun\p a form of entertainment consisting of musical and comedy acts, especially popular in music halls, etc. before the introduction of the cinema. after \IVau de Vire\j\b\i, a valley in Normandy, France, where satirical songs were popular
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\Hvault (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i volt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an underground room or chamber, such as a burial place under a church, or a room for storing valuable objects in a bank.
\CX12.\j\b\i an arched roof.
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\Hvault (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i volt \Pverb\p to spring or leap over something, using the hands or a pole as support. \Bvault\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvaulter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvaunt\h
\Isay\j\b\i vawnt \Pverb\p to boast about. \Bvauntingly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hveal\h
\Pnoun\p the flesh of a calf. \Bvealer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a calf grown for veal.
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\Hvector\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i a quantity with both magnitude and direction. Compare \Jscalar\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any organism transmitting parasites from one host to the next, such as a malaria-carrying mosquito. Latin, a carrier
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\Hvee-eight\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \BV8\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an internal combustion engine with two banks of four cylinders, opposed at 45░.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a car with such an engine.
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\Hveer\h
\Pverb\p to change course or direction.
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\Hvegan\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\i-g'n \Pnoun\p a person who eats no animal products. \Bveganism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HVegemite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vej\j\b\ijee-mite \Pnoun\p a yeast extract used as a spread. a trademark
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\Hvegetable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vej\j\b\ita-b'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a plant or part of a plant that is used as food.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any plant.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person who leads an inactive or monotonous existence.
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\Hvegetable oil\h
any of various oils obtained from the fruit or seeds of plants.
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\Hvegetarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i veja-\CX1tair\j\b\iiun \Pnoun\p a person who eats vegetable foods only, except, usually, for eggs and dairy produce. \Bvegetarianism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvegetate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vej\j\b\ia-tate \Pverb\p to live in an unthinking or inactive way.
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\Hvegetation\h
\Isay\j\b\i veja-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p any or all of the plants in a certain area.
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\Hvegetative\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vej\j\b\iita-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of vegetation or vegetable growth.
\CX12.\j\b\i existing or growing as or like a plant.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of reproduction) asexual.
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\Hvehement\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\i-a-m'nt \Padjective\p having or showing strong or passionate feeling: 'a bitter and \Ivehement\j\b\i election campaign'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she worked with \Ivehement\j\b\i keenness' (= eager, energetic). \Bvehemently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvehemence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvehicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\i-ik'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any device for moving or carrying, especially one on wheels.
\CX12.\j\b\i any medium for carrying or communicating: 'the director used the film as a \Ivehicle\j\b\i for her political ideas'. \Bvehicular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vee-\CX1hik\j\b\i-yoola), \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ivehere\j\b\i to carry
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\Hveil\h
\Isay\j\b\i vale \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a fine piece of cloth, often transparent, worn on the head and hanging over the face or shoulders.
\CX12.\j\b\i anything that hides or disguises: 'the guilty person tried to hide under the \Iveil\j\b\i of ignorance'.
\Btake the veil\j\b\i, to become a nun. \Bveil\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to cover or conceal with or as with a veil. Latin \Ivelum\j\b\i a curtain
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\Hvein\h
\Isay\j\b\i vane \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i any of the thin-walled tubes carrying blood back from the tissues of the body to the heart. Compare \Jartery\j\b\i and \Bcapillary\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vein-like part or support, as in a leaf or an insect's wing.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i a strip of minerals along a joint or fault line in rocks. Also called a \Blode\j\b\i, a \Blead\j\b\i or a \Breef\j\b\i.
\CX14.\j\b\i any streak or marking: 'wood with a dark \Ivein\j\b\i running through it'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'she'll sing operatic arias when in the right \Ivein\j\b\i' (= mood).
b) 'the dog has a \Ivein\j\b\i of viciousness in it' (= streak).
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\HVelcro\h
\Pnoun\p a type of fastener made with small interlocking nylon threads. a trademark
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\Hveld\h
\Isay\j\b\i velt \Pnoun\p veldt \ISouth African:\j\b\i a steppe. Afrikaans, field
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\Hvellum\h
\Pnoun\p a smooth parchment, usually made from calfskin.
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\Hvelocipede\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1loss\j\b\ii-peed \Pnoun\p an early form of bicycle. Latin \Ivelox\j\b\i swift + \Ipedis\j\b\i of a foot
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\Hvelocity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1loss\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the vector quantity describing the rate of change in the displacement of an object in both magnitude and direction, including linear velocity, expressed in metres per second and angular velocity, expressed in radians per second. Compare \Jspeed\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) speed.
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\Hvelour\h
\Isay\j\b\i vel-\CX1oor\j\b\i \Pnoun\p velours a fabric with a velvet-like pile. French, velvet
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\Hvelvet\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a silk, cotton or fibre fabric with a soft, short, thick pile.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is soft or smooth like this fabric.
\CX13.\j\b\i the covering, which is rich in blood vessels, on developing antlers in deer. \Bvelvety\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvelveteen\h
\Isay\j\b\i velva-\CX1teen\j\b\i \Pnoun\p an imitation velvet made from cotton.
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\Hvena cava\h
\Isay\j\b\i veena \CX1kay\j\b\i-va
plural is \Bvenae cavae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vee-nigh \Bkay\j\b\i-vigh)
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i either of the two large veins which carry blood from all the other veins to the heart. Latin, hollow vein
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a sustained campaign of relentless hostility.
\CX12.\j\b\i a feud in which the family of a murdered person takes revenge on the murderer or his or her family. Italian, vengeance
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\Hvending machine\h
a coin-operated machine dispensing small articles for sale, such as cigarettes, soft drinks, etc.
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\Hvendor\h
\Pnoun\p a person who sells something. \Bvend\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hveneer\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1neer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a thin layer of wood, plastic, etc. used to cover a surface.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'under his \Iveneer\j\b\i of meekness he's a vicious person' (= appearance). \Bveneer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to apply a veneer to.
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\Hvenerate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1venn\j\b\ia-rate \Pverb\p to treat with great respect or reverence. \Bveneration\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of venerating, b) a feeling of deep respect; \Bvenerable\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ven\j\b\i'ra-b'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i, worthy of being venerated; \Bvenerability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ven'ra-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvenereal disease\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1neer\j\b\iial diz-eez
any disease transmitted by sexual intercourse.
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\Hvenetian blind\h
a window blind with overlapping slats which may be opened, closed, or raised by pulling a cord.
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\Hvengeance\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ven\j\b\i-j'nce \Pnoun\p revenge or retribution.
\Bwith a vengeance\j\b\i, 'this is democracy, \Iwith a vengeance\j\b\i' (= carried too far).
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\Hvengeful\h
\Padjective\p having or showing a desire for revenge. \Bvengefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvengefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvenial\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\iniul \Padjective\p (of a fault or sin) forgivable or excusable. \Bveniality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i veeni-\CX1all\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvenison\h
\Pnoun\p the flesh of a deer. Latin \Ivenatio\j\b\i hunting
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\HVenn diagram\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i a drawing using circles to represent the relationships of sets to one another. after \IJ. Venn\j\b\i, 1834-1923, an English logician
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\Hvenom\h
\Pnoun\p a poison made by certain animals, such as snakes, and transmitted to victims by a bite or sting.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the critic's attack was full of \Ivenom\j\b\i' (= spite, malice).
\CX12.\j\b\i full of venom. \Bvenomously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvenomousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvenous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\inus \Padjective\p of or relating to veins or the blood carried in them.
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\Hvent\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any opening serving as an outlet, such as one allowing air or smoke to escape from a room, or lava from a volcano.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slit in the back or sides of a coat or skirt.
\Bgive vent to\j\b\i, to express or utter.
\Bvent\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to find or provide an outlet for: 'she \Ivented\j\b\i her anger on the unfortunate bystanders'.
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\Hventilate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vent\j\b\ii-late \Pverb\p to provide with or circulate fresh air.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you'll be able to \Iventilate\j\b\i your complaints at the meeting' (= make known). \Bventilator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which ventilates, such as a device in the wall of a building; \Bventilation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of ventilating, b) a device or means for ventilating.
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\Hventral\h
\Padjective\p a) of or relating to the abdomen. b) of or relating to the front of the human body or the lower surface of an animal.
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\Hventricle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ven\j\b\itri-k'l \Pnoun\p \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a) either of the two pumping chambers of the heart. b) any of various cavities in the body, e.g. in the brain. Latin \Iventriculus\j\b\i little belly
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\Hventriloquist\h
\Isay\j\b\i ven-\CX1trill\j\b\ia-kwist \Pnoun\p a person producing sounds or voices which seem to come from another source. \Bventriloquism\j\b\i, \Bventriloquy\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ven-\CX1trill\j\b\ia-kwee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
Ventriloquist\j\b\i is, etymologically, related to stomach. It is a form of Late Latin \Iventriloquus\j\b\i, from \Iventer\j\b\i (stomach), and \Iloqui\j\b\i (speak). Originally it referred literally to the supposed practice of speaking from the stomach, this being thought to be a sign of being possessed by the devil. Later it came to be used for the art of producing vocal sounds that seem to come from another source.
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\Hventure\h
\Pnoun\p any undertaking involving some risk.
\Bventure\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to risk.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'might I \Iventure\j\b\i a suggestion?' (= dare to offer). \Bventurous\j\b\i, \Bventuresome\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) willing to take risks, b) risky; \Bventurously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bventurousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bventurer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvenue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ven\j\b\i-yoo \Pnoun\p the place where an event, action, etc. takes place.
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\Hvenule\h
\Pnoun\p a small vein or branch of a vein.
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\HVenus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\inus \Pnoun\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i the planet in the solar system next to the earth and second from the sun. Also called the \Bmorning star\j\b\i or the \Bevening star\j\b\i. after \IVenus\j\b\i, the goddess of love, beauty, fertility, etc. in Roman mythology
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\Hveracity\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1rass\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p a) truth. b) truthfulness or accuracy. \Bveracious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1ray\j\b\i-shus), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bveraciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hverandah\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1ran\j\b\ida \Pnoun\p veranda an open area with a floor and roof, attached to the outside of a building.
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\Hverb\h
\Pnoun\p \IGrammar:\j\b\i a word which expresses an action or state of being. \IExample\j\b\i: the boy \Isang\j\b\i because he \Iwas\j\b\i happy. Latin \Iverbum\j\b\i word
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\Hverbal\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of, relating to or expressed in words.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i of or relating to \Pverb\ps.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) oral: 'a \Iverbal\j\b\i agreement'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of translations) word for word; literal. \Bverbally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hverbatim\h
\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1bay\j\b\itim \Padjective\p, \Padverb\p using exactly the same words.
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\Hverbena\h
\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1bee\j\b\ina \Pnoun\p a garden plant having thick spikes of flowers.
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\Hverbiage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ibi-ij \Pnoun\p too many useless words.
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\Hverbose\h
\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1bose\j\b\i \Padjective\p using or having too many unnecessary words. \Bverbosely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bverbosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1boss\j\b\ii-tee), \Bverboseness\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hverdant\h
\Padjective\p fresh or green with vegetation.
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\Hverdict\h
\Pnoun\p a judgment or decision, especially that of a jury in a court case.
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\Hverdigris\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ide-gree \Pnoun\p a greenish-blue pigment formed on copper by the action of acetic acid.
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\Hverdure\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1verd\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p a) the fresh greenness of vegetation. b) the vegetation itself.
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\Hverge (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i verj \Pnoun\p an edge, margin or border, such as a strip of grass beside a road.
\Bon, to the verge of\j\b\i, very close or just about to.
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\Hverge (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i verj \Pverb\p to tend towards: 'he must be \Iverging\j\b\i on 60'.
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\Hverger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ija \Pnoun\p \IChristian:\j\b\i a person who takes care of the interior of a church.
to confirm the truth or accuracy of: 'we can \Iverify\j\b\i your alibi by asking your witnesses'. \Bverifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that verifies; \Bverification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of verifying, b) proof or confirmation; \Bverifiable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hverily\h
\Padverb\p an old word meaning truly or indeed.
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\Hverisimilitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i verri-si\CX1mill\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p a) an appearance or semblance of truth. b) a resemblance or trueness to life.
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\Hveritable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1verr\j\b\iita-b'l \Padverb\p real or unquestionable: 'he's a \Iveritable\j\b\i lunatic'. \Bveritably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hverity\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1verr\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the quality of being true: 'I doubt the \Iverity\j\b\i of your statement'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a true statement, belief, etc.
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\Hvermilion\h
\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1mil\j\b\i-y'n \Pnoun\p a vivid red to reddish-orange colour or pigment.
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\Hvermin\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bvermin\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any harmful or objectionable small animals or parasitic insects, such as rats, lice, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any obnoxious person or persons. \Bverminous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. Latin \Ivermis\j\b\i worm
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\Hvermouth\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-muth \Pnoun\p a fortified wine flavoured with herbs and having a sweet or dry taste. German \IWermuth\j\b\i wormwood
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\Hvernacular\h
\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1nak\j\b\i-yoola \Pnoun\p the native language of a country or nation, especially its colloquial form. \Bvernacular\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) relating to the native language, b) popular or informal.
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\Hvernal\h
\Padjective\p of, occurring in or appropriate to spring.
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\Hvernier\h
\Pnoun\p an auxiliary movable scale making possible minutely precise readings on a conventional scale, e.g. on a theodolite. after \IP. Vernier\j\b\i, 1580-1637, a French mathematician
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\Hversatile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\isa-tile \Padjective\p having many abilities or interests. \Bversatility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i versa-\CX1till\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bversatilely\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hverse\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a division of a poem, similar to a paragraph in prose. b) a single line of a poem.
\CX12.\j\b\i a poem or poems.
\Bblank verse\j\b\i does not rhyme, but has a regular rhythm.
\Bfree verse\j\b\i has neither rhyme nor regular rhythm.
\CX13.\j\b\i a short division of a chapter in the Bible.
a) to put into verse. b) to write verses. \Bversification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bversifier\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hversion\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-\Izh\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an account or description from a single point of view: 'don't believe his \Iversion\j\b\i of the accident'.
\CX12.\j\b\i an adaptation or variation: 'the film \Iversion\j\b\i of a novel'.
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\Hversus\h
preposition against. Latin
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\Hvertebra\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ita-bra \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvertebrae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ita-bray)
any of the chain of bones that form the vertebral column. \Bvertebral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvertebral column\h
also called the \Bbackbone\j\b\i, the \Bspine\j\b\i or the \Bspinal column\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i a series of bones enclosing and protecting the spinal cord, and supporting the other bones of the skeleton.
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\Hvertebrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\ita-brit \Pnoun\p any animal with a vertebral column, a member of one of the two main animal phyla. Compare \Jinvertebrate\j\b\i.
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\Hvertex\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bvertices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\iti-seez) or \Bvertexes\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i a) the highest point, such as the apex of a pyramid. b) a point where two or more lines or three or more planes intersect.
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\Hvertical\h
\Padjective\p at right angles to the plane of the horizon. \Bvertical\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a vertical line, plane or position; \Bvertically\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bverticality\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i verti-\CX1kall\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvertigo\h
\Pnoun\p dizziness and loss of balance, especially when at a height. Latin, whirling
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\Hverve\h
\Pnoun\p enthusiasm, energy or vigour.
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\Hvery\h
\Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to a high degree: 'you speak French \Ivery\j\b\i well'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used to intensify or emphasise: a) 'the \Ivery\j\b\i best quality'; b) 'the \Ivery\j\b\i next day'.
\Bvery\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i actual or exact: 'caught in the \Ivery\j\b\i act'.
\CX12.\j\b\i mere: 'the \Ivery\j\b\i thought frightens me'. Latin \Iverus\j\b\i true
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\Hvery high frequency\h
short form is \BVHF\j\b\i
\IRadio:\j\b\i the frequency used in short-range radio, which is relatively free from interference.
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\HVery light\h
\Isay\j\b\i veeri light
a coloured flare used as a signal. invented by \IE. M. Very\j\b\i, 1847-1910, an American naval officer
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\Hvery low frequency\h
\IRadio:\j\b\i the frequency used for maritime radio navigation, etc.
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\Hvesicle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vess\j\b\ii-k'l \Pnoun\p any small bladder-like cavity, such as a blister on the skin, an air bubble in volcanic rock, etc. \Bvesicular\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1sik\j\b\i-yoola), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvespers\h
plural \Pnoun\p \IChristian: (used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) a service held in the evening. Latin \Ivespera\j\b\i evening
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\Hvessel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ship or large boat.
\CX12.\j\b\i any container for liquids, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i a tube or duct in the body, which carries some fluid, especially blood.
\CX14.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a tube-like series of cells arranged end to end, found in the xylem of a plant. Latin \Ivascellum\j\b\i small vase
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\Hvest\h
\Pnoun\p a) a light collarless shirt without sleeves, worn as underwear. b) a waistcoat.
\Bvest\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to invest with or confer upon: 'I \Ivest\j\b\i you with full authority'.
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\Hvestal\h
\Padjective\p chaste or pure. after \IVesta\j\b\i, the Roman goddess of hearth and home
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\Hvested interest\h
\CX11.\j\b\i a personal, usually financial, interest in opposing or bringing about change in a political or other system.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i an absolute possession or right.
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\Hvestibule\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vest\j\b\ii-bewl \Pnoun\p an entrance hall or lobby.
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\Hvestige\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vest\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a mark or trace of something that once existed: 'not a \Ivestige\j\b\i of the castle remained'. \Bvestigial\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vess-\CX1tij\j\b\i'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvestment\h
\Pnoun\p a ceremonial robe, especially one worn by the clergy during religious services.
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\Hvestry\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a) the part of a church where the sacred vessels, robes, etc. are kept. Also called a \Bsacristy\j\b\i. b) a room attached to a church, used for prayers and worship.
\CX12.\j\b\i a name for a meeting of the parish council, in some Anglican parishes.
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\Hvet\h
\Pverb\p (\Bvetted\j\b\i, \Bvetting\j\b\i)
to check carefully.
\Bvet\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
(\Iinformal\j\b\i) a veterinary surgeon.
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\Hvetch\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of related green twining legumes, often used as fodder and for soil-building.
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\Hveteran\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vett\j\b\ia-run \Pnoun\p a person who has had long service or experience: 'a war \Iveteran\j\b\i'.
\Bveteran\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
(of a motor vehicle) built before 1918. Compare \Jvintage\j\b\i.
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\Hveterinarian\h
\Isay\j\b\i vettera-\CX1nair\j\b\iian \Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a veterinary surgeon.
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\Hveterinary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vett\j\b\i'rin-ree \Padjective\p relating to medical or surgical treatment of animals. A \Bveterinary surgeon\j\b\i is a person qualified to perform such treatment.
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\Hveto\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvetoes\j\b\i
a) the right or power to prevent or reject something, often by a vote. b) the exercise of this. \Bveto\j\b\i (\Bvetoed\j\b\i, \Bvetoing\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin, I forbid
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\Hvex\h
\Pverb\p to trouble, worry or annoy.
\Bvexed question\j\b\i, a difficult, often-debated problem. \Bvexatious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vek-\CX1say\j\b\ishus), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bvexation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of vexing, b) the state of being vexed, c) a person or thing that vexes.
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\Hvia\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a preposition by way or means of. Latin, way
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\Hviable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a-b'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i practicable or workable: 'that plan does not seem \Iviable\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i being able to live and grow independently. \Bviably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bviability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vie-a-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hviaduct\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a-dukt \Pnoun\p a long bridge, especially one of short spans on high masonry or steel piers spanning a valley.
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\Hvial\h
\Isay\j\b\i vile \Pnoun\p a phial.
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\Hvibes (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vy\j\b\ibes plural \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) the abbreviated form of vibraphone.
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\Hvibes (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vy\j\b\ibes plural \Pnoun\p the mood or atmosphere of a person or place.
a) she has a \Ivibrant\j\b\i personality' (= lively and energetic).
b) 'the painting was in \Ivibrant\j\b\i colours' (= rich). \Bvibrantly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvibrancy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvibraphone\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-bra-fone \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a percussion instrument consisting of tuned metal bars which are struck with small, mechanical hammers.
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\Hvibrate\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-\CX1brate\j\b\i \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to throb or shake.
a) the act of vibrating. b) a vibrating movement. \Bvibratory\j\b\i, \Bvibrational\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i; \Bvibrator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, something which vibrates or causes vibration.
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\Hvibrato\h
\Isay\j\b\i vi-\CX1brah\j\b\i-toe \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i the rapid alternation of two notes close in pitch. Italian
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\Hvicar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vikk\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i an Anglican clergyman in charge of a parish. Compare \Jrector\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IRoman Catholic:\j\b\i a representative: 'the Pope is considered the \Ivicar\j\b\i of Christ'. \Bvicarage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the home of a vicar.
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\Hvicarious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1kair\j\b\iius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i done, received or undergone on behalf of someone else.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) imagined through the experience of another: '\Ivicarious\j\b\i pleasure'. \Bvicariously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvicariousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ivicarius\j\b\i substituted
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\Hvice (1)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a bad habit: 'smoking isn't one of my \Ivices\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i immoral conduct.
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\Hvice (2)\h
\Pnoun\p any of various instruments with two jaws which may be tightened to hold an object.
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\Hvice-\h
a prefix meaning: a) deputy, as in \Ivice-admiral\j\b\i; b) substitute, as in \Iviceroy\j\b\i. Latin, in place of
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\Hvice-admiral\h
\Pnoun\p a commissioned officer in the navy next in rank below an admiral.
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\Hvice-chancellor\h
\Pnoun\p the chief administrative officer of a university.
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\Hviceroy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vice\j\b\i-roy \Pnoun\p a person, such as a governor, appointed to rule as a representative of a monarch. \Bviceregal\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vice-\CX1ree\j\b\i-g'l), \Iadjective\j\b\i. \Bvice-\j\b\i + French \Iroi\j\b\i king
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\Hvice versa\h
the other way around also. Latin
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\Hvichy water\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\ishi wawta
(\Isometimes capital\j\b\i) a mineral water. first obtained from springs at \IVichy\j\b\i, France
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\Hvicinity\h
\Isay\j\b\i va-\CX1sinn\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the area near or around a place.
\CX12.\j\b\i closeness or proximity.
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\Hvicious\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vish\j\b\ius \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i fierce: 'a \Ivicious\j\b\i animal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i evil, spiteful or malicious: 'a \Ivicious\j\b\i lie'. \Bviciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bviciousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvicious circle\h
a situation in which a difficulty only leads to further problems or difficulties and eventually back to the first: 'if higher wages produce inflation and inflation produces higher wage claims, we are indeed in a \Ivicious circle\j\b\i'.
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\Hvicissitude\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1siss\j\b\ii-tewd \Pnoun\p a change or variation, especially in fortune: 'he could not cope with life's little \Ivicissitudes\j\b\i'.
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\Hvictim\h
\Pnoun\p a person or thing that suffers any harm or injury: a) 'a cemetery for war \Ivictims\j\b\i'; b) 'he's the \Ivictim\j\b\i of a confidence man'. Latin \Ivictima\j\b\i beast for sacrifice
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\Hvictimise\h
\Pverb\p victimize \CX11.\j\b\i to make a victim of.
\CX12.\j\b\i to punish selectively or unfairly. \Bvictimisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvictory\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vik\j\b\ita-ree \Pnoun\p a) success against an opponent, etc. b) an instance of this. \Bvictor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that achieves victory; \Bvictorious\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vik-\CX1tor\j\b\iius), \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bvictoriously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvictual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vitt\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p (\Iplural\j\b\i) any food prepared for eating.
\Bvictual\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
(\Bvictualled\j\b\i, \Bvictualling\j\b\i)
to supply with food or provisions. \Bvictualler\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvicuûa\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1kewn\j\b\i-ya \Pnoun\p a) a South American animal related to the llama. b) the fine, silky fleece of this animal. Spanish
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\Hvide\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\i-day \Pverb\p see. Latin
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\Hvideo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vid\j\b\i-ee-o \Padjective\p of or relating to television. \Bvideo\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, (informal) television. Latin, I see
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\Hvideo cassette recorder\h
short form is \BVCR\j\b\i
a device which records and reproduces images and sounds.
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\Hvideo conference\h
See \Jteleconference\j\b\i.
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\Hvideo game\h
an electronic game played with images on a visual display screen.
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\Hvideographer\h
\Pnoun\p a person who uses specially designed software programs to create and manipulate graphical images, especially three-dimensional representations, which may be used for television advertisements, animated features, etc.
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\Hvideophone\h
\Pnoun\p a telephone equipped to send and receive audio and visual signals so the users may see as well as hear each other.
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\Hvideotape\h
a magnetic tape used in a video cassette recorder for recording visual and audio images. \Bvideotape\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvideotext\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bvideotex\j\b\i
(of telecommunications) a) an interactive subscriber information service which allows a user to see as text on a television screen information about the weather, current events, shopping, banking, etc. and which enables the user to conduct transactions such as deposit money in accounts, select goods for purchase, etc. b) the text itself. Compare \Jteletext\j\b\i.
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\Hvie\h
\Pverb\p (\Bvied\j\b\i, \Bvying\j\b\i)
to compete or contend against.
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\Hview\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) sight or vision. b) the range of this: 'the car sped into \Iview\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a particular way of looking at something: 'a general \Iview\j\b\i of a topic'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a sight of land, countryside, etc. b) a picture of this.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what are your \Iviews\j\b\i on marriage?' (= opinions, ideas).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Ba dim view\j\b\i, an unfavourable opinion.
\Bin view of\j\b\i, '\Iin view of\j\b\i the bad weather we'll stay home' (= considering).
\Bon view\j\b\i, in a place for public inspection.
\Bwith a view to\j\b\i, 'she bought the car \Iwith a view to\j\b\i selling it at a profit' (= with the intention of).
\Bview\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to see or look at.
\CX12.\j\b\i to regard or consider. \Bviewable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hviewer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that views: 'a television \Iviewer\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small device for lighting or magnifying photographic slides.
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\Hviewfinder\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhotography:\j\b\i a small window in a camera, through which the subject can be viewed.
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\Hviewpoint\h
\Pnoun\p a point of view.
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\Hvigil\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vij\j\b\iil \Pnoun\p a) the act of staying awake at night, especially to keep watch. b) a watch kept in this way.
\Isay\j\b\i viji-\CX1lan\j\b\i-tee \Pnoun\p a member of an unauthorised and usually extreme group who seek justice by their own means. Spanish, vigilant
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\Hvigneron\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vin\j\b\i-ya-ron \Pnoun\p a person who grows grapes for wine-making.
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\Hvignette\h
\Isay\j\b\i vin-\CX1yet\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a decorative design or small illustration without a clear-cut border.
\CX12.\j\b\i a short, graceful literary description.
to speak maliciously of. \Bvilification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvilla\h
\Pnoun\p any house, especially one in the suburbs or at a seaside resort.
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\Hvillage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vill\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a) a populated area in the country, which is smaller than a town. b) its inhabitants. \Bvillager\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an inhabitant of a village.
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\Hvillain\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vill\j\b\iun \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i an evil or wicked person.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a rascal. \Bvillainous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, wicked or evil; \Bvillainy\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) evil conduct, b) an evil act.
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\Hvillein\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vill\j\b\iun \Pnoun\p \IMedieval history:\j\b\i a serf.
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\Hvillus\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bvilli\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i a small, finger-like projection, many of which line the small intestine and absorb digested food. Latin, shaggy hair
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\Hvim\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) energy.
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\Hvinaigrette\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vinn\j\b\ii-gret \Pnoun\p a) a small, ornamental container for perfume, spices, etc. b) a salad dressing. French
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\Hvinculum\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ving\j\b\i-kew-lum \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvincula\j\b\i
\IMaths:\j\b\i the horizontal line separating the numerator and denominator of a fraction.
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\Hvindicate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vin\j\b\idi-kate \Pverb\p to clear from suspicion, blame, criticism, etc. \Bvindication\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the act of vindicating, b) the state of being vindicated, c) defence or justification; \Bvindicatory\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hvindictive\h
\Isay\j\b\i vin-\CX1dik\j\b\itiv \Padjective\p vengeful or spiteful. \Bvindictively\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvindictiveness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvine\h
\Pnoun\p a) any plant that trails or climbs by winding its slender stem around or over a support. b) a grapevine.
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\Hvinegar\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vinn\j\b\ii-ga \Pnoun\p a sour liquid consisting largely of diluted acetic acid, obtained by fermenting wine, cider, beer, etc. and used for flavouring, pickling, etc. \Bvinegary\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i. French \Ivin\j\b\i wine + \Iaigre\j\b\i sour
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\Hvineyard\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vin\j\b\iyud \Pnoun\p a plantation of grapevines.
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\Hvingt-et-un\h
\Isay\j\b\i vant-ay-\CX1un\j\b\i \Pnoun\p also called \Bvingt-et\j\b\i or \Bvingt-un\j\b\i
\ICards:\j\b\i pontoon. French, twenty-one
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\Hviniculture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vinn\j\b\ii-kulcher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the cultivation of grapevines.
\CX12.\j\b\i the science or study of wine-making.
#
\Hvintage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vin\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the grape harvest, especially that obtained in one year from a particular area.
\CX12.\j\b\i any especially good wine.
\IUsage:\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) 'his coat is of last year's \Ivintage\j\b\i' (= production).
\Bvintage\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i (of wine) made or harvested during a particularly good year.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'this has been a \Ivintage\j\b\i year for travel books' (= especially good).
\CX12.\j\b\i (of a motor vehicle) built between 1918 and 1930. Compare \Jveteran\j\b\i.
Vintage\j\b\i came into English from Old French \Ivendage\j\b\i, which in turn is derived from Latin \Ivindemia\j\b\i (grape gathering). \IVintage\j\b\i at first meant the grape crop itself and then also came to mean the crop of a particular year. It then came to be applied also to the crop, and so to the wine, of a particularly good year. \IVintage\j\b\i is also used figuratively of things other than grapes or wine.
#
\Hvintner\h
\Pnoun\p a person who deals in or sells wines.
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\Hvinyl\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-nil \Pnoun\p a substance derived from ethylene, compounds of which form plastics and resins.
#
\Hvinyl chloride\h
\IChemistry:\j\b\i a compound of vinyl and chlorine (formula CH\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\iCHCl), widely used in the plastics industry.
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\Hviola\h
\Isay\j\b\i vee-\CX1ole\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMusic:\j\b\i a stringed instrument played with a bow, slightly larger and having a lower pitch than a violin.
\CX12.\j\b\i any of a group of plants which includes pansies and violets.
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\Hviolate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a-late \Pverb\p to break a law, promise, agreement, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the temple was \Iviolated\j\b\i by obscene writings on the walls' (= desecrated, profaned).
b) 'no-one would believe that she had been \Iviolated\j\b\i' (= raped).
c) 'shouts from the street \Iviolated\j\b\i his peace and quiet' (= disturbed, broke in upon). \Bviolator\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bviolation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hviolent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a-l'nt \Padjective\p having or showing great strength or power: a) 'a \Iviolent\j\b\i storm'; b) '\Iviolent\j\b\i abuse'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'a \Iviolent\j\b\i temper' (= furious).
b) 'a \Iviolent\j\b\i headache' (= severe, extreme).
a) the state of being violent. b) violent behaviour.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Iviolence\j\b\i of his feelings astonished her' (= strength, intensity).
\Bdo violence to\j\b\i, a) to injure or damage by rough treatment; b) to distort the meaning of. \Bviolently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hviolet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-a-let \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a small plant with fragrant, dark purple flowers and bright green leaves.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) a deep bluish-red colour. b) the colour next to indigo at the end of the spectrum.
\Bshrinking violet\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a timid or retiring person. \Bviolet\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hviolin\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-a-\CX1lin\j\b\i \Pnoun\p \IMusic:\j\b\i a stringed, high-pitched instrument held horizontally between the chin and the neck and played with a bow. \Bviolinist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvioloncello\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-a-lin-\CX1chell\j\b\io \Pnoun\p See \Jcello\j\b\i.
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\Hviper\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of thick-bodied, poisonous snakes, with erectile fangs, found in Europe, Africa and Asia, especially the adder.
\CX12.\j\b\i a treacherous or malicious person. \Bviperish\j\b\i, \Bviperous\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i.
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\Hvirago\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1rah\j\b\igo \Pnoun\p (\Iuse is often sexist\j\b\i) a sharp-tongued, bad-tempered woman. Latin, a woman soldier
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\Hviral\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-rul \Padjective\p
See \Jvirus\j\b\i.
#
\Hvirgin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-jin \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person who has not had sexual intercourse.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IAstrology:\j\b\i (\Icapital\j\b\i) See \Jvirgo\j\b\i.
\Bthe Virgin\j\b\i, Mary, the mother of Christ.
\Bvirgin\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
being a virgin.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the \Ivirgin\j\b\i snow lay all about' (= pure, untouched).
b) '\Ivirgin\j\b\i soil' (= uncultivated). \Bvirginal\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or as pure as a virgin; \Bvirginity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ver-\CX1jinn\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or condition of being a virgin.
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\Hvirginal\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bvirginals\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a small oblong type of harpsichord.
#
\HVirgo\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-go \Pnoun\p also called the \BVirgin\j\b\i
\IAstrology:\j\b\i a group of stars, the sixth sign of the zodiac.
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\Hvirile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1virr\j\b\iile \Padjective\p having or showing vigorous strength or forcefulness. \Bvirility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vir\CX1rill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the state or quality of being virile. Latin \Ivirilis\j\b\i like a man
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\Hvirology\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-\CX1roll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p the study of viruses and the diseases they cause. \Bvirologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvirtual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-tew-ul \Padjective\p being something in effect but not in actual name or form: 'the accountant had so much power he was the \Ivirtual\j\b\i head of the company'. \Bvirtually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, essentially.
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\Hvirtual reality\h
the creation of a simulated world through the use of powerful, computer-assisted machines, usually consisting of a hand-held control and an enclosing headset in which the user is presented with three-dimensional images.
#
\Hvirtue\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1ver\j\b\i-tew \Pnoun\p a) the quality of moral goodness or excellence. b) a particular kind of moral excellence: 'patience is a \Ivirtue\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the villain forced the young woman to surrender her \Ivirtue\j\b\i' (= chastity).
b) 'the \Ivirtue\j\b\i of her plan lies in its simplicity' (= advantage, merit).
c) 'do you have faith in the \Ivirtue\j\b\i of mineral waters to produce cures?' (= power, effectiveness).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby virtue of\j\b\i, because of.
\Bmake a virtue of necessity\j\b\i, to do what one is forced to do with a good grace, or pretend to do it from a sense of duty. \Bvirtuous\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bvirtuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvirtuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvirtuoso\h
\Isay\j\b\i vertew-\CX1o\j\b\i-so \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvirtuosi\j\b\i
a person who displays masterly or dazzling skill in the arts, especially in music. \Bvirtuosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vertew-\CX1oss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the skill of a virtuoso. Italian, skilful
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\Hvirulent\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1virr\j\b\ia-l'nt \Padjective\p \IMedicine:\j\b\i causing severe effects on the patient.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he heaped \Ivirulent\j\b\i abuse upon my head' (= bitter). \Bvirulently\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvirulence\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the quality of being virulent.
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\Hvirus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-rus \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a tiny agent, too small to be seen with the light microscope, which can only multiply within a living cell and which may cause disease.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an illness caused by a virus.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i a hidden, mischievous or destructive program which is introduced into a computer system and which can duplicate itself and spread to other computers, usually through data networks or on floppy disks:
a) a \Btrojan\j\b\i \Bhorse\j\b\i is a virus disguised as a game, utility, application or some other apparently useful or enjoyable program.
b) a \Bworm\j\b\i is a self-duplicating virus which spreads between computers without having to be copied into the memory of a potential host computer. \Bviral\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-rul), \Iadjective\j\b\i, of, like or caused by a virus.
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\Hvisa\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vee\j\b\iza \Pnoun\p an official permit from a foreign country allowing a person to visit. Compare \Jpassport\j\b\i.
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\Hvisage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vizz\j\b\iij \Pnoun\p a person's face or facial expression.
#
\Hvis-a-vis\h
\Isay\j\b\i veez-a-\CX1vee\j\b\i preposition vis-α-vis \CX11.\j\b\i face to face with.
\CX12.\j\b\i regarding: 'I had discussions with the bank \Ivis-a-vis\j\b\i a loan'. French
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\Hviscera\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1viss\j\b\iera plural \Pnoun\p singular is \Bviscus\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vis\j\b\ikus)
all the soft, inner organs in the cavities of the body, such as the lungs, stomach, heart, etc. \Bvisceral\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, relating to or affecting the viscera, b) arising from deep emotion, intuition, etc.
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\Hviscid\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1viss\j\b\iid \Padjective\p sticky and thick, like heavy syrup or glue. \Bviscidly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bviscidness\j\b\i, \Bviscidity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vis-\CX1sidd\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i; \Bviscoid\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vis\j\b\i-koyd), \Iadjective\j\b\i, slightly viscid.
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\Hviscose\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vis\j\b\i-kose \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a thick, brown, treacly liquid prepared from cellulose, used for making rayon, cellulose film for transparent wrappings, etc.
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\Hviscount\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-count \Pnoun\p a noble ranking between an earl and a baron. \Bviscountess\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) the feminine form of viscount, b) the wife of a viscount; \Bviscountcy\j\b\i, \Bviscounty\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hviscous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vis\j\b\ikus \Padjective\p sticky and having the consistency of heavy syrup or glue. \Bviscously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bviscousness\j\b\i, \Bviscosity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vis-\CX1koss\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hvisible\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vizz\j\b\ii-b'l \Padjective\p able to be seen: 'the road was scarcely \Ivisible\j\b\i through the fog'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's a \Ivisible\j\b\i discrepancy in the witnesses' accounts of the accident' (= marked, evident).
\CX11.\j\b\i the capability or degree to which sight is possible.
\CX12.\j\b\i the distance at which things are visible: '\Ivisibility\j\b\i was down to 45 m the day the plane crashed'. \Bvisibly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hvision\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vi\Izh\j\b\i\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the power of seeing: 'be careful, her \Ivision\j\b\i is excellent'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something seen, actually or in the imagination: 'I switched on the TV but got no \Ivision\j\b\i, only sound'.
\CX13.\j\b\i an apparition or prophetic dream.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the plum trees are a \Ivision\j\b\i in spring' (= thing of beauty).
b) 'our leaders lack political \Ivision\j\b\i' (= imaginative foresight).
a) imaginary: 'the \Ivisionary\j\b\i scene dissolved and I awoke'. b) impractical or dreamy: 'such \Ivisionary\j\b\i schemes will not help our nation'.
a) a person who has visions. b) an impractical or idealistic dreamer.
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\Hvisit\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vizz\j\b\iit \Pverb\p to go or come to see: 'have you \Ivisited\j\b\i the exhibition yet?'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'we spent last month \Ivisiting\j\b\i relations' (= staying with).
b) 'her family was \Ivisited\j\b\i with great misfortune' (= afflicted). \Bvisit\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvisitor\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person or thing that visits.
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\Hvisitant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vizz\j\b\ii-tant \Pnoun\p a visitor, especially a strange or supernatural being.
#
\Hvisitation\h
\Isay\j\b\i vizzi-\CX1tay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a visit, especially one of official inspection.
#
\Hvisor\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-zor \Pnoun\p vizor \CX11.\j\b\i the movable part of a helmet which protects the face.
\CX12.\j\b\i a small movable shield set above the windscreen of a motor vehicle to protect the driver's eyes from the sun.
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\Hvista\h
\Pnoun\p a view, especially one seen through an opening or along a passage.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'education should open up new \Ivistas\j\b\i' (= mental possibilities). Italian, sight
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\Hvisual\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1viz\j\b\i-yew'l \Padjective\p of or involving the sense of sight: '\Ivisual\j\b\i aids for teaching include maps, films, etc.'.
\Bvisualise\j\b\i, \Bvisualize\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to form a mental image of: 'try to \Ivisualise\j\b\i the scene of the accident'. \Bvisualisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvisually\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hvisual display unit\h
short form is \BVDU\j\b\i
also called a \Bvisual display terminal\j\b\i, or a \Bmonitor\j\b\i, or a \Bscreen\j\b\i
\IComputers:\j\b\i a screen which displays to the user such operations as data being entered and software programs in use.
#
\Hvisual literacy\h
the ability to make sense of, and respond to, graphical information such as photographs, diagrams, maps, films, etc.
#
\Hvital\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-t'l \Padjective\p of, relating to or necessary for life: a) 'eating is a \Ivital\j\b\i function'; b) 'the heart is a \Ivital\j\b\i organ'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'control of pollution is \Ivital\j\b\i for the survival of our environment' (= essential, very important).
b) 'she was a \Ivital\j\b\i, happy child before the accident' (= full of life, vigorous).
c) 'industrialisation dealt a \Ivital\j\b\i blow to the cottage industries' (= causing ruin or death).
\Bvital statistics\j\b\i, See \Jstatistics\j\b\i. \Bvitally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvitality\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-\CX1tall\j\b\ii-tee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i vigorousness of mind or body: 'her \Ivitality\j\b\i decreased with the years'.
\CX12.\j\b\i the power to endure or continue in activity. \Bvitalise\j\b\i, \Bvitalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to give vitality to.
#
\Hvitamin\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vie\j\b\i-ta-min \Ior\j\b\i \CX1vitt\j\b\ia-min \Pnoun\p \IBiology:\j\b\i an organic dietary compound essential for the life and growth of organisms, but which does not supply energy and is only needed in very small amounts.
\Bvitamin A\j\b\i
a vitamin found in fruit and vegetables which is essential for growth. Deficiency may cause night blindness and dry skin.
\Bvitamin A\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i
a compound very similar to vitamin A, found in the liver of freshwater fish.
\Bvitamin B complex\j\b\i
an important group of water-soluble vitamins, including vitamin B\Ksubscript\k\I1\j\b\i, vitamin B\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i, etc.
\Bvitamin B\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I1\j\b\i
also called \Bthiamine\j\b\i
a vitamin found in liver and cereal grains. Deficiency may cause beri-beri and neuritis.
\Bvitamin B\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I2\j\b\i
also called \Briboflavin\j\b\i
a vitamin found in liver and milk. Deficiency may cause inflammation of the lips and tongue.
\Bvitamin B\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I6\j\b\i
also called \Bpyridoxine\j\b\i
a vitamin found in yeast, wheat, corn, liver, etc. Deficiency may cause convulsions and irritability.
\Bvitamin C\j\b\i
also called \Bascorbic acid\j\b\i
a vitamin found in citrus fruits, vegetables, etc. Deficiency may cause scurvy.
\Bvitamin D\j\b\i
a group of fat-soluble vitamins found in milk and the liver of fish. Deficiency may cause rickets.
\Bvitamin E\j\b\i
a vitamin found in wheat-germ oil that promotes fertility in mammals and helps prevent miscarriages.
\Bvitamin K\j\b\i\Ksubscript\k\I1\j\b\i
a vitamin found in vegetables, rice, etc., which promotes clotting of the blood.
\Bvitamin P\j\b\i
a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits and paprika. It is essential for growth of cell walls and capillaries.
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\Hvitiate\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vish\j\b\ii-ate \Pverb\p to weaken or spoil the quality or force of. \Bvitiation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ivitium\j\b\i vice
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\Hviticulture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vitt\j\b\ii-kulcher \Pnoun\p the planting and maintaining of grapevines.
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\Hvitreous\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vit\j\b\i-tree-us \Padjective\p glassy or resembling glass.
\Bvitreous humour\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the transparent jelly-like substance which fills the eyeball behind the lens. Compare \Jaqueous humour\j\b\i under \Baqueous\j\b\i. Latin \Ivitrum\j\b\i glass
to turn into glass: 'during the firing of pottery the glaze will \Ivitrify\j\b\i'. \Bvitrification\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvitriol\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vit\j\b\i-tree-ol \Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i any of various compounds of sulfuric acid, such as \Bblue vitriol\j\b\i (copper sulfate) or \Boil of vitriol\j\b\i (concentrated sulfuric acid).
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'there's real \Ivitriol\j\b\i in his pen portraits of our political leaders' (= biting criticism, malice). \Bvitriolic\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vitri-\CX1oll\j\b\iik), \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Pnoun\p short form of \Bviva voce\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vie-va \Bvo\j\b\i-chee)
an oral exam. Latin, with the living voice
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\Hvivace\h
\Isay\j\b\i viv-\CX1ah\j\b\i-chay \Padjective\p \IMusic:\j\b\i lively. Italian
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\Hvivacious\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1vay\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p full of life and spirits. \Bvivaciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvivaciousness\j\b\i, \Bvivacity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1vass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hvivid\h
\Padjective\p intense: a) '\Ivivid\j\b\i blue'; b) '\Ivivid\j\b\i sunlight'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'you certainly have a \Ivivid\j\b\i imagination' (= lively, active).
b) 'I have a \Ivivid\j\b\i recollection of that day' (= clear and distinct). \Bvividly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvividness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hviviparous\h
\Isay\j\b\i ve-\CX1vipp\j\b\ia-rus \Padjective\p of or relating to animals of which the young are born live and fully formed. Latin \Ivivus\j\b\i alive + \Iparus\j\b\i bringing forth
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\Hvivisection\h
\Isay\j\b\i vivvi-\CX1sek\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p the act of dissecting a living body, such as a cat, dog, etc., for medical research. \Bvivisectionist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvivisect\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ivivus\j\b\i alive + \Isectus\j\b\i cut
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\Hvixen\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vik\j\b\isen \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a female fox.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iuse is sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) a spiteful or bad-tempered woman.
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\HViyella\h
\Isay\j\b\i vie-\CX1ell\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a soft fabric made of cotton and wool. a trademark
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\Hviz\h
\Padverb\p namely. old abbreviation of Latin \Ividelicet\j\b\i from Latin \Ividere\j\b\i to see + \Ilicet\j\b\i it is permissible
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\Hvizier\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vizz\j\b\ii-er \Pnoun\p vizir a high Moslem official.
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\Hvocabulary\h
\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1kab\j\b\i-yoola-ree \Pnoun\p a) the whole range of words known and used by a person or group. b) a list of common words in a foreign language or book, with translations. Latin \Ivocabulum\j\b\i a name
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\Hvocal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vo\j\b\i-k'l \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or spoken by the voice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a piece of music with an accompanying song.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ivocal\j\b\i opponent of war' (= outspoken).
\Bvocal cords\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the two folds of membrane in the larynx which vibrate and produce sound when air is passed over them. \Bvocally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvocalist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a singer; \Bvocalise\j\b\i, \Bvocalize\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to speak, sing, shout, etc., b) to utter or make vocal.
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\Hvocation\h
\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1kay\j\b\i-sh'n \Pnoun\p a profession or occupation, especially one to which a person is particularly drawn or suited: 'she had a \Ivocation\j\b\i for psychology'.
\Bvocational\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of or relating to a vocation. \BVocational guidance\j\b\i is professional help offered to students, etc. to help them choose a career. Latin \Ivocare\j\b\i to call
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\Hvociferous\h
\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1siff\j\b\ierus \Padjective\p vehement or making a loud outcry: 'he was \Ivociferous\j\b\i in his denials of all guilt'. \Bvociferously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvociferousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvociferate\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvodka\h
\Pnoun\p a strong liquor made from rye, corn or potatoes and originally made in Russia from wheat. Russian \Ivoda\j\b\i water
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\Hvogue\h
\Pnoun\p the current fashion, style, etc.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'that book was in \Ivogue\j\b\i some years ago' (= popular).
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\Hvoice\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the sounds made by a human being in speaking or singing. b) any similar sounds: 'the murmuring \Ivoice\j\b\i of the river'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's lost his \Ivoice\j\b\i' (= the power of speaking or singing).
b) 'she demands that she have a \Ivoice\j\b\i in this matter' (= opinion, say).
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i the change in the form of a \Pverb\p to show whether a person or thing performs the action (\Bactive voice\j\b\i), or is acted upon (\Bpassive voice\j\b\i). \IExamples:\j\b\i a) the shop sells books (active). b) books are sold by the shop (passive).
\Bgive voice\j\b\i, to express or utter.
\Bvoice\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to express: 'he \Ivoiced\j\b\i his opinion'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i to utter with vibration of the vocal cords. \IExample:\j\b\i when saying the \Bth\j\b\i in \Ithis\j\b\i and \Ithin\j\b\i the lips and tongue are in the same position, but in \Ithis\j\b\i the \Bth\j\b\i is voiced and in \Ithin\j\b\i it is unvoiced.
\Bvoiceless\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i having no voice.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILanguage:\j\b\i (of sounds) made without using the vocal cords, as in the letters \Bs\j\b\i or \Bf\j\b\i.
Voice. Of the active and passive \Ivoice\j\b\i described in above definition 2, in general, prefer the active \Ivoice\j\b\i in writing because it is clearer and requires fewer words. With this in mind, compare 'we raised the flag' (active \Ivoice\j\b\i) with 'the flag was raised by us' (passive \Ivoice\j\b\i).
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\Hvoice box\h
See \Jlarynx\j\b\i.
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\Hvoice-over\h
\Pnoun\p a commentary given by an unseen speaker as part of a visual text such as a film documentary.
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\Hvoice-print\h
\Pnoun\p the oral equivalent of a fingerprint, used in identifying anonymous telephone callers, etc. and consisting of a visual analysis of the characteristics of a voice.
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\Hvoice recognition\h
the capacity of a computer to recognise and interpret the human voice, and, by doing so, receive input such as spoken commands.
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\Hvoice synthesis\h
the capacity of a computer to produce sounds that mimic the human voice.
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\Hvoid\h
\Pnoun\p empty space: 'the spaceship was swallowed up in the \Ivoid\j\b\i'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'an aching \Ivoid\j\b\i in one's heart' (= feeling of emptiness or loneliness).
\Bvoid\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i containing no matter: 'the \Ivoid\j\b\i regions of outer space'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the room was \Ivoid\j\b\i of all furniture' (= empty, destitute).
\CX12.\j\b\i having no legal effect: 'the court declared the contract \Ivoid\j\b\i'. \Bvoid\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make void; \Bvoidable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (of a contract, etc.) having legal force but able to be cancelled.
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\Hvoile\h
\Pnoun\p a soft, semi-transparent fabric used for dresses, etc. French, a veil
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\Hvolatile\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1voll\j\b\ia-tile \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i changing rapidly or readily from one mood, idea or state to another.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IChemistry:\j\b\i having a low boiling point, and so easily changing from a liquid into a vapour.
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\Hvolcano\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-\CX1kay\j\b\i-no \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvolcanoes\j\b\i
a) a hole or fissure in the earth's crust, through which lava, hot gases and other fluids escape. b) the mountain, hill, etc. having such a hole or fissure and formed partly or wholly by material ejected in this way.
\CX11.\j\b\i of, relating to or characteristic of a volcano: 'a \Ivolcanic\j\b\i eruption'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGeology:\j\b\i of or relating to igneous rocks, such as tuff, formed at or above the earth's surface. \Bvulcanology\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vulka-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee), \Inoun\j\b\i, the study of volcanoes; \Bvulcanologist\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IVulcan\j\b\i, the ancient Roman god of fire
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\Hvole\h
\Pnoun\p any of various small rodents resembling rats and mice, but having a heavier body and shorter tail. Scandinavian, a field
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\Hvolition\h
\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1lish\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p the act or power of using one's own will: 'I did it of my own \Ivolition\j\b\i'. \Bvolitional\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bvolitionally\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i. Latin \Ivolo\j\b\i I wish
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\Hvolley\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vol\j\b\i-ee \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the simultaneous firing of a number of weapons.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a \Ivolley\j\b\i of oaths' (= string).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ITennis:\j\b\i a return of the ball before it has hit the ground. \Bvolley\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i. French \IvolΘe\j\b\i flight
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\Hvolleyball\h
\Pnoun\p a) a game played on a court with a high net, usually between two teams of six players, the aim being to stop the ball touching the ground by hitting it over the net by hand. b) the ball used in this game.
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\Hvolt\h
\Pnoun\p the SI unit of electric potential. after \IAlessandro Volta\j\b\i, 1745-1827, an Italian physicist
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\Hvoltage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vole\j\b\i-tij \Ior\j\b\i \CX1vol\j\b\itij \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i the potential difference expressed in volts.
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\Hvoltaic cell\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-\CX1tay\j\b\i-ik sel
\IElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jgalvanic cell\j\b\i.
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\Hvoltameter\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-\CX1tamm\j\b\iita \Pnoun\p \IElectricity:\j\b\i an instrument for measuring an electric current by means of the amount of metal deposited or gas liberated from an electrolyte in a given time by the passage of the current.
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\Hvoltmeter\h
\Pnoun\p an instrument used to measure potential difference in volts.
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\Hvoluble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vol\j\b\i-yoo-b'l \Padjective\p talking or able to talk easily or readily. \Bvolubly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvolubility\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vol-yoo-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvolume\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vol\j\b\i-yoom \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount of space a body takes up.
\CX12.\j\b\i a quantity or amount, especially a large quantity: a) 'the \Ivolume\j\b\i of business we do is steadily increasing'; b) '\Ivolumes\j\b\i of smoke billowed from the tyre factory'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a book, especially one of a set of books.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of sounds) the loudness.
\Bspeak volumes\j\b\i, 'his guilty look \Ispoke volumes\j\b\i' (= expressed a great deal).
Volume is derived from Old French \Ivolum\j\b\i, from Latin \Ivolumen\j\b\i, itself derived from \Ivolvere\j\b\i (to roll). The connection with 'roll' is that books were originally written on rolls of parchment or papyrus. In time, \Ivolume\j\b\i came to be particularly associated with a big book, from which, later, the idea of size developed.
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\Hvolumetric\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-yoo-\CX1met\j\b\irik \Padjective\p of or relating to volume.
\Bvolumetric analysis\j\b\i
\IChemistry:\j\b\i any of various methods of quantitative chemical analysis involving measuring the volumes of reacting substances.
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\Hvoluminous\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-\CX1yoo\j\b\imin-us \Padjective\p of great size, extent, etc.: a) '\Ivoluminous\j\b\i skirts'; b) 'Napoleon's \Ivoluminous\j\b\i correspondence'. \Bvoluminously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvoluminousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvoluntary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1voll\j\b\iun-tree \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i done or acting of one's own free choice, without being compelled or motivated by hopes of reward: 'I made a \Ivoluntary\j\b\i statement to the police'.
\CX12.\j\b\i supported by voluntary contributions: 'the Red Cross is a \Ivoluntary\j\b\i organisation'.
\CX13.\j\b\i occurring through conscious control: 'speech is a \Ivoluntary\j\b\i activity, the beating of the heart is not'.
\Bvoluntary\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\IMusic:\j\b\i a piece of music played as the congregation enters or leaves the church. \Bvoluntarily\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vollun-\CX1tair\j\b\ii-lee), \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hvolunteer\h
\Isay\j\b\i vollun-\CX1teer\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who offers to do something of his or her own free will, such as a soldier who is not conscripted. \Bvolunteer\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to offer voluntarily, b) to come forward as a volunteer.
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\Hvoluptuous\h
\Isay\j\b\i vol-\CX1up\j\b\i-tewus \Padjective\p luxuriously sensuous or sensual. \Bvoluptuously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvoluptuousness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvoluptuary\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person devoted to voluptuous pleasures.
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\Hvolute\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i any of the whorls of a spiral shell.
\CX12.\j\b\i any spiral or twisted shape.
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\Hvomit\h
\Pverb\p to bring up the contents of the stomach through the mouth; to be sick.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the volcano \Ivomited\j\b\i lava high into the air' (= ejected forcibly). \Bvomit\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the matter ejected when vomiting.
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\Hvoodoo\h
\Pnoun\p also called \Bhoodoo\j\b\i
a) the practices of some people of the West Indies, especially Haiti, involving sorcery and witchcraft. b) a charm or fetish used in such practices. \Bvoodoo\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to affect by voodoo or sorcery; \Bvoodooism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvoracious\h
\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1ray\j\b\i-shus \Padjective\p very greedy: 'a \Ivoracious\j\b\i appetite'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Ivoracious\j\b\i reader of detective novels' (= eager and untiring). \Bvoraciously\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvoraciousness\j\b\i, \Bvoracity\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vo-\CX1rass\j\b\ii-tee), \Inouns\j\b\i.
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\Hvortex\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vor\j\b\i-teks \Pnoun\p plural is \Bvortices\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vor\j\b\iti-seez) or \Bvortexes\j\b\i
a whirling mass of water, air, etc., such as a whirlpool or whirlwind.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the \Ivortex\j\b\i of war' (= violent movement, irresistible force).
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\Hvotary\h
\CX1vo\j\b\i-ta-ree \Pnoun\p a) a person who has bound himself or herself by a vow, such as a monk or nun. b) any devoted follower. \Bvotaress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of votary.
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\Hvote\h
\Pnoun\p an expression of preference for a candidate, proposal, etc.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the suffragettes demanded the \Ivote\j\b\i for women' (= the right to vote).
b) 'the \Ivote\j\b\i was for delaying the church picnic until after the vicar's funeral' (= majority decision).
c) 'the Independent \Ivote\j\b\i was lower than last year's' (= total number of votes).
d) 'a \Ivote\j\b\i of thanks' (= expression).
\Bvote\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to cast a vote: 'I \Ivoted\j\b\i for Hislop'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'the children \Ivoted\j\b\i the trip a great success' (= declared by general consent).
b) 'I \Ivote\j\b\i we ask him to do the dishes' (= suggest, propose). \Bvoter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a person who votes or has the right to vote.
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\Hvotive\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vo\j\b\i-tiv \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i given in fulfilment of a vow.
\CX12.\j\b\i expressing a wish or prayer: 'the old woman lit a \Ivotive\j\b\i candle for her missing son'.
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\Hvouch\h
\Pverb\p to guarantee: 'I can \Ivouch\j\b\i for the truth of his story'.
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\Hvoucher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vow\j\b\i-cha \Pnoun\p a) a document, receipt, etc. which proves that a certain sum of money has been spent. b) a document or form which may be used in place of cash to buy certain items. c) any similar document.
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\Hvouchsafe\h
\Pverb\p to grant graciously or condescendingly.
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\Hvow\h
\Pnoun\p a solemn promise or declaration: 'marriage \Ivows\j\b\i'. \Bvow\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make a vow.
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\Hvowel\h
\Pnoun\p \ILanguage:\j\b\i a) a sound made without blockage of the breath. b) the letters which express these sounds, being \Ba\j\b\i, \Be\j\b\i, \Bi\j\b\i, \Bo\j\b\i and \Bu\j\b\i. Compare \Jconsonant\j\b\i.
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\Hvox populi\h
the voice of the people. Latin
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\Hvoyage\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1voy\j\b\i-ij \Pnoun\p a journey, especially one in a ship. \Bvoyage\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to go on a voyage; \Bvoyager\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hvoyeur\h
\Isay\j\b\i voy-\CX1er\j\b\i \Pnoun\p a person who gains sexual pleasure by looking at erotic pictures, watching others undressing, etc. \Bvoyeurism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. French, looker
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\Hvulcanise\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\ika-nize \Pverb\p vulcanize \IChemistry:\j\b\i to heat rubber with sulfur to increase its elasticity and durability, e.g. for car tyres. The hardness of the rubber depends on the amount of sulfur used. \Bvulcanisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i. after \IVulcan\j\b\i, the ancient Roman god of fire
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\Hvulcanite\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\ika-nite \Pnoun\p a hard, black substance made by heating rubber with an excess of sulfur. It is used for making buttons, combs, etc. and for electrical insulation.
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\Hvulcanology\h
\Isay\j\b\i vulka-\CX1noll\j\b\ia-jee \Pnoun\p
See \Jvolcano\j\b\i.
#
\Hvulgar\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i showing a lack of good taste, manners or breeding: 'he told a \Ivulgar\j\b\i story at dinner'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unrefined or of the common people: 'a century ago ordinary people were known as the \Ivulgar\j\b\i herd'.
\CX11.\j\b\i the quality or character of being vulgar.
\CX12.\j\b\i a vulgar word, gesture, etc.
\Bvulgarise, vulgarize\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to make vulgar.
\CX12.\j\b\i to popularise. \Bvulgarly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvulgarian\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vul-\CX1gair\j\b\iian), \Inoun\j\b\i, a vulgar person; \Bvulgariser\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvulgarisation\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvulgarism\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvulgarity\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bvulgate\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the popular or common language. Latin \Ivulgus\j\b\i the masses, the people, the public
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\Hvulgar fraction\h
\IMaths:\j\b\i See \Jfraction\j\b\i.
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\Hvulnerable\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\i-n'ra-b'l \Padjective\p capable of being hurt, damaged or attacked: a) 'she is very \Ivulnerable\j\b\i to criticism'; b) 'the house was in a \Ivulnerable\j\b\i position in a bush fire'. \Bvulnerably\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bvulnerability\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i vulnera-\CX1bill\j\b\ii-tee), \Inoun\j\b\i. Latin \Ivulneris\j\b\i of a wound
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\Hvulpine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\i-pine \Padjective\p of or like foxes. Latin \Ivulpes\j\b\i fox
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\Hvulture\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\i-cher \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large scavenging bird of prey.
\CX12.\j\b\i a greedy, ruthless person who preys on the misfortunes of others.
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\Hvulva\h
\Pnoun\p plural is \Bvulvae\j\b\i (\Isay\j\b\i \CX1vul\j\b\i-vee) or \Bvulvas\j\b\i
\IAnatomy:\j\b\i the area immediately around the clitoris and the openings of the urethra and vagina in females. Latin
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\Hvying\h
\Pverb\p the present participle of the \Pverb\p \Bvie\j\b\i.
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\Hwacky\h
\Padjective\p See \Jwhacky\j\b\i.
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\Hwad\h
\Isay\j\b\i wod \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any soft mass, e.g. of fabric.
\CX12.\j\b\i any paper, banknotes, etc. folded or rolled together.
\Bwadding\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
any soft substance used for padding or packing. \Bwad\j\b\i (\Bwadded\j\b\i, \Bwadding\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to make into a wad, b) to fill out with a wad or wadding.
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\Hwaddle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wodd\j\b\i'l \Pverb\p to walk with short swaying steps. \Bwaddle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwaddy\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wodd\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p \IAboriginal:\j\b\i a wooden war club.
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\Hwade\h
\Pverb\p to walk through any substance, such as water, mud, etc., which makes progress difficult.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'I \Iwaded\j\b\i through the boring book' (= proceeded with difficulty).
\CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that wades, such as a long-legged bird which wades in water looking for food.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) waterproof boots reaching to the top of the legs. \Bwade\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwadi\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wodd\j\b\ii \Pnoun\p wady a desert watercourse which carries water only after heavy rain. Arabic
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\Hwafer\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any thin flat sheet or slice.
\CX12.\j\b\i a sweet, thin biscuit.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IChristian:\j\b\i a thin disc of unleavened bread used in the Eucharist.
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\Hwaffle (1)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woff\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p a flat cake made from batter cooked in a special mould.
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\Hwaffle (2)\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woff\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any vague or nonsensical speech or writing. \Bwaffle\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwaft\h
\Isay\j\b\i woft \Pverb\p to carry or float gently, especially through the air: 'the voices \Iwafted\j\b\i up from the street below'. \Bwaft\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) a wafting movement, b) a sound or smell carried through the air.
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\Hwag\h
\Pverb\p (\Bwagged\j\b\i, \Bwagging\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to move from side to side or up and down, especially quickly.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to play truant from.
\Bwag\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a wagging movement.
\CX12.\j\b\i a person who teases or plays jokes. \Bwaggish\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, full of jokes or mischief.
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\Hwage\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a payment to an employee, usually on an hourly or weekly rate. Compare \Jsalary\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural, used with singular \Pverb\p\j\b\i) an old word meaning reward: 'the \Iwages\j\b\i of sin is death'.
\Bwage\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to engage in: 'to \Iwage\j\b\i war'.
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\Hwager\h
\Pnoun\p a bet. \Bwager\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwaggle\h
\Pverb\p to wag with quick, short movements.
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\Hwagon\h
\Pnoun\p waggon any of various four-wheeled vehicles, usually for carrying heavy loads.
\Bon the wagon\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) abstaining from alcoholic drink.
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\Hwagtail\h
\Pnoun\p any of a large group of small birds with a slender body and long, narrow tail which is habitually wagged up and down. A \Bwilly wagtail\j\b\i is black and white with a fan-shaped tail.
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\Hwahine\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wa\j\b\i-hee-nee \Pnoun\p \INew Zealand:\j\b\i the Maori term for girl or woman.
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\Hwaif\h
\Pnoun\p a homeless neglected person, especially a child.
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\Hwail\h
\Pverb\p to make a long, high, mournful cry.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'stop \Iwailing\j\b\i about your bad luck' (= complaining). \Bwail\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwain\h
\Pnoun\p a poetic word for a cart or wagon.
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\Hwainscot\h
\Pnoun\p any wooden panelling on the lower part of the walls of a room.
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\Hwainwright\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes wagons.
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\Hwaist\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAnatomy:\j\b\i the slender part of the human body between the ribs and hips.
\CX12.\j\b\i the part of a garment covering the waist.
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\Hwaistcoat\h
\Pnoun\p a closely fitting, sleeveless jacket reaching to the waist, sometimes worn under a jacket.
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\Hwait\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to stay or rest in expectation: a) '\Iwait\j\b\i here till I return'; b) 'you'll have to \Iwait\j\b\i your turn'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to remain neglected for a time: 'is this urgent or can it \Iwait\j\b\i?'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwait on\j\b\i, \Bwait upon\j\b\i, to serve or attend personally, e.g. at table or in a shop.
\Bwait up\j\b\i, to stay awake at night in expectation.
\Bwait\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or time of waiting: 'a long \Iwait\j\b\i for the bus'.
\Blie in wait\j\b\i, to wait in ambush.
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\Hwaiter\h
\Pnoun\p a person who waits at a table, e.g. as in a restaurant. \Bwaitress\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the feminine form of waiter.
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\Hwaive\h
\Isay\j\b\i wave \Pverb\p to give up or not insist on: 'the eldest son \Iwaived\j\b\i his right to inherit his father's title'. \Bwaiver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the intentional relinquishing of a right, etc.
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\Hwake (1)\h
\Pverb\p (\Bwoke\j\b\i, \Bwoken\j\b\i or \Bwaked\j\b\i, \Bwaking\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to rouse from sleep: a) 'I \Iwoke\j\b\i late'; b) 'don't \Iwake\j\b\i the baby'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to rouse into full alertness or awareness: 'she finally \Iwoke\j\b\i to what I meant'.
\Bwake up\j\b\i, to stop sleeping.
\Bwake\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a watch, especially one at night before or after a funeral. \Bwaking\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, being awake.
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\Hwake (2)\h
\Pnoun\p the pattern of disturbed water left behind a moving ship.
\Bin the wake of\j\b\i, following or as a result of.
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\Hwakeful\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i unable to sleep.
\CX12.\j\b\i with little sleep: 'she passed a restless, \Iwakeful\j\b\i night'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'he deluded himself that he was surrounded by \Iever-wakeful\j\b\i enemies' (= vigilant). \Bwakefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwakefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwaken\h
\Pverb\p to rouse from sleep.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'how can I \Iwaken\j\b\i your interest?' (= excite).
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\HWalbiri\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wal\j\b\i-bri \Pnoun\p an Aboriginal language still widely spoken in the north of central Australia.
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\Hwale\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a weal.
\CX12.\j\b\i a ridge or raised line in a fabric, especially in knitting.
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\Hwalk\h
\Pverb\p to go or proceed on foot at a moderate pace.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwalk off with\j\b\i, a) to steal; b) to win easily.
\Bwalk out\j\b\i, to go on strike.
\Bwalk out on\j\b\i, to abandon or desert.
\Bwalk out with\j\b\i, to go courting.
\Bwalk\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a) the act of walking. b) a place, distance or time of walking. c) a manner of walking: 'what an odd \Iwalk\j\b\i he has'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwalk of life\j\b\i, 'she met people from all \Iwalks of life\j\b\i' (= occupations, activities).
\Bwalk-on part\j\b\i, a part in a play in which one comes on stage but has no lines to speak.
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\Hwalkabout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAboriginal:\j\b\i a period of wandering.
\CX12.\j\b\i (of monarchs, heads of state, etc.) an informal stroll through the crowd: 'the Queen went \Iwalkabout\j\b\i in Sydney'.
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\Hwalkie-talkie\h
\Pnoun\p a light radio device which combines a transmitter and receiver and which can be carried and operated while moving.
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\Hwalking stick\h
also called a \Bcane\j\b\i
a narrow stick, carried or used as a support when walking.
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\Hwalkman\h
\Pnoun\p a very small cassette player or transistor radio with earphones. a trademark
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\Hwalkout\h
\Pnoun\p a walking out or leaving as an act of protest, such as a strike.
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\Hwalkover\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) an unopposed or easy victory.
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\Hwall\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a solid upright structure used for supporting, surrounding or dividing: a) 'the brick \Iwalls\j\b\i of a house'; b) 'a defensive \Iwall\j\b\i surrounding the city'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something resembling a wall in shape or solidity: a) 'a \Iwall\j\b\i of fire'; b) 'a \Iwall\j\b\i of prejudice'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i the outside layer surrounding an organ or cell.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwalls have ears\j\b\i, beware of eavesdroppers.
\Bwall-to-wall\j\b\i, (of carpeting) covering the whole floor.
\Bwith one's back to the wall\j\b\i, in a very difficult situation.
\Bwall\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to enclose, shut off or divide with or as with a wall.
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\Hwallaby\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woll\j\b\ia-bee \Pnoun\p any of a large group of Australian marsupials, similar to kangaroos but smaller and furrier. Aboriginal
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\Hwallaroo\h
\Isay\j\b\i wolla-\CX1roo\j\b\i \Pnoun\p any of a group of thickset kangaroos living in rocky mountain country.
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\Hwallet\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woll\j\b\iit \Pnoun\p a small folding holder for paper money, stamps, etc. carried in the pocket.
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\Hwall-eyed\h
\Padjective\p having eyes with an abnormal amount of white, often associated with blindness.
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\Hwallflower\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a perennial European plant with sweet-scented flowers.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a person left partnerless at a dance.
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\Hwall-hanging\h
\Pnoun\p a decoration hung on a wall, such as a drapery or tapestry.
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\Hwallop\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woll\j\b\iup \Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) to strike heavily. b) to defeat soundly. \Bwallop\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a forceful blow or impact; \Bwalloping\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a thrashing.
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\Hwallow\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1woll\j\b\io \Pverb\p to roll about: 'the children \Iwallowed\j\b\i happily in the snow'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the rich man \Iwallowed\j\b\i in luxury' (= indulged fully).
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\Hwallpaper\h
\Pnoun\p any paper, usually with a decorative pattern, for covering interior walls. \Bwallpaper\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwalnut\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wawl\j\b\i-nut \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) the edible nut of a deciduous, Northern Hemisphere tree. b) the wood of this tree, used to make furniture.
\CX12.\j\b\i a very dark brown colour.
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\Hwalrus\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wawl\j\b\i-russ \Pnoun\p an arctic marine mammal, related to the seal, having two long tusks.
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\Hwaltz\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i false \Pnoun\p a) a ballroom dance in which partners revolve in a one-two-three rhythm. b) the music for such a dance in triple time.
\Bwaltz\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to dance a waltz.
\CX12.\j\b\i to move lightly and quickly.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iwaltzed\j\b\i off with first prize' (= took easily). German \Iwalzen\j\b\i to revolve
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\Hwan\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i on \Padjective\p pale or sickly. \Bwanly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwand\h
\Isay\j\b\i wond \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stick, such as one used by a conjurer performing magic tricks.
\CX12.\j\b\i a rod or staff used as a symbol of authority on ceremonial occasions.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IComputers:\j\b\i an electronic rod that scans coded data.
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\Hwander\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1won\j\b\ida \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to move or roam aimlessly or casually.
\CX12.\j\b\i to leave the right path or direction. \Bwander\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a casual walk or stroll; \Bwanderer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwanderlust\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1won\j\b\ida-lust \Pnoun\p a strong urge to travel or roam about.
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\Hwane\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IAstronomy:\j\b\i to decrease in size, as the moon's face does in changing from full moon to new moon. Compare \Jwax (2)\j\b\i.
\CX12.\j\b\i to decrease in power or intensity.
\Bwane\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the act or process of waning.
\Bon the wane\j\b\i, decreasing.
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\Hwangle\h
\Pverb\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to accomplish, especially by scheming or indirect methods. \Bwangle\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\HWankel engine\h
a rotary engine which instead of pistons has a rotor shaped like a triangle with curved sides, and dispenses with crankshaft and valves. after \IF. Wankel\j\b\i, born 1902, a German engineer
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\Hwant\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i font \Pverb\p to desire: 'I \Iwant\j\b\i a bicycle for Christmas'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'your hair \Iwants\j\b\i a cut' (= should have).
b) 'he is \Iwanted\j\b\i by the police' (= being sought).
c) 'I \Iwant\j\b\i Leonie please' (= require to see, speak to, etc.).
\Bwant for\j\b\i, 'she never \Iwants for\j\b\i money' (= is short of).
\Bwant\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the state of wanting: 'the garden is in \Iwant\j\b\i of water'. b) something wanted: 'money is not his most important \Iwant\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i lack: 'I took this job for \Iwant\j\b\i of anything better'.
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\Hwanting\h
\Padjective\p lacking or deficient: 'you are \Iwanting\j\b\i in manners, young lady'.
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\Hwanton\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1won\j\b\i-t'n \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i pointless or unprovoked: '\Iwanton\j\b\i cruelty'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unrestrained or wild: '\Iwanton\j\b\i profusion of blossoms'. \Bwanton\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, an old word for an immoral woman; \Bwantonly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwantonness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwar\h
\Isay\j\b\i wor \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the use of armed forces in a conflict, especially between countries.
\CX12.\j\b\i any conflict: 'a propaganda \Iwar\j\b\i'. \Bwar\j\b\i (\Bwarred\j\b\i, \Bwarring\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i, to engage in war or conflict; \Bwarfare\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, war; \Bwarlike\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) of, like, ready for or fond of war, b) hostile.
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\Hwaratah\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\ia-tah \Pnoun\p an Australian shrub with large, red flower heads. The floral emblem of New South Wales. Aboriginal
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\Hwarble\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-b'l \Pverb\p to sing with trills or vibrations.
\Bwarbler\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a person or thing that warbles, especially any of various types of birds.
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\Hward\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i ford \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a district, especially an electoral district, of a town or city.
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i any person under the care of a guardian.
\CX13.\j\b\i any of the separate divisions of a large building, e.g. in a hospital, gaol, castle, etc.
\Bward\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bward off\j\b\i, to avert or repel. \Bwardship\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, care or custody.
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\H-ward\h
-wards a suffix indicating direction, as in \Ionward\j\b\i.
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\Hwarden\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-d'n \Pnoun\p a person having control or superintendence over: 'a hostel \Iwarden\j\b\i'.
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\Hwarder\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-da \Pnoun\p a guard or officer in a gaol.
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\Hwardrobe\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-drobe \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a large cupboard for storing and hanging clothes, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i any collection of clothes.
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\Hwardroom\h
\Pnoun\p \INautical:\j\b\i the room where officers eat.
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\Hware (1)\h
\Irhymes with\j\b\i hair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i manufactured goods of a specified type: a) '\Isilverware\j\b\i'; b) '\Ihardware\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iplural\j\b\i) any articles for sale.
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\Hware (2)\h
\Pverb\p an old word meaning to beware of.
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\Hwarehouse\h
\Pnoun\p a large building where goods are stored, such as one in which a wholesaler keeps his or her stock.
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\Hwarfare\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-fare \Pnoun\p
See \Jwar\j\b\i.
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\Hwar games\h
also called \Bscenario analysis\j\b\i
the application of game theory to warfare or potential warfare in an effort to select the most effective strategy whatever the other side may do.
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\Hwarhead\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-hed \Pnoun\p the front part of a self-propelled missile, containing the explosive charge.
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\Hwarily\h
\Padverb\p
See \Jwary\j\b\i.
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\Hwarlike\h
\Padjective\p
See \Jwar\j\b\i.
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\Hwarlock\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-lok \Pnoun\p a wizard.
#
\Hwar lord\h
the military leader of a warlike nation, tribe, etc.
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\Hwarm\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i moderately hot.
\CX12.\j\b\i involving lively or enthusiastic feeling: 'a \Iwarm\j\b\i welcome'.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of colour) towards the reddish tones.
\Bwarm\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to make or become warm or warmer.
\Bwarm up\j\b\i, to practise or do exercises before a game, performance, etc. \Bwarmly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwarmth\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, a) moderate heat, b) affection or enthusiasm; \Bwarmer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, anything which makes or keeps things warm.
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\Hwarm-blooded\h
\Padjective\p also called \Bhomoiothermic\j\b\i
\IBiology:\j\b\i having a constant body temperature, e.g. birds and mammals. Compare \Jcold-blooded\j\b\i.
#
\Hwarm front\h
\IWeather:\j\b\i See \Jfront\j\b\i.
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\Hwarm-hearted\h
\Padjective\p cordial or sympathetic. \Bwarm-heartedly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hwarming pan\h
a long-handled, metal vessel filled with hot coals, etc. formerly used to warm a bed.
#
\Hwarmly\h
\Padverb\p
See \Jwarm\j\b\i.
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\Hwarmonger\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wor\j\b\i-munga \Pnoun\p a person eager for or provoking war.
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\Hwarmth\h
\Pnoun\p
See \Jwarm\j\b\i.
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\Hwarm-up\h
\Pnoun\p the act of warming up.
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\Hwarn\h
\Isay\j\b\i worn \Pverb\p to inform in advance, especially of possible unpleasant consequences: 'I \Iwarn\j\b\i you not to be late or I'll be angry'. \Bwarning\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bwarningly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwarp\h
\Isay\j\b\i worp \Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to twist or bend out of shape.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'don't listen to his \Iwarped\j\b\i ideas' (= distorted, biased).
\CX12.\j\b\i \INautical:\j\b\i to bring or pull: '\Iwarp\j\b\i the boat alongside'.
\Bwarp\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a bend, twist or distortion.
\CX12.\j\b\i the yarn placed lengthwise in a loom to form the basis of a fabric. Compare \Jweft\j\b\i.
#
\Hwarpath\h
\Pnoun\p \Bon the warpath\j\b\i, very angry.
#
\Hwarrant\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\iunt \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a justification or authorisation: 'you've got no \Iwarrant\j\b\i for such an accusation'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'what \Iwarrant\j\b\i of success is there?' (= guarantee).
\CX12.\j\b\i \ILaw:\j\b\i a document giving authority: a) 'a \Iwarrant\j\b\i of arrest'; b) 'a death \Iwarrant\j\b\i'. \Bwarrant\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, a) to authorise, b) to justify, c) to guarantee.
#
\Hwarrant officer\h
an army officer who ranks between commissioned and non-commissioned officers.
#
\Hwarranty\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\iun-tee \Pnoun\p an assurance.
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\Hwarren\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\iun \Pnoun\p an area where rabbits breed and abound.
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\Hwarrigal\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\ii-g'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dingo.
\CX12.\j\b\i a type of edible plant, sometimes called New Zealand spinach.
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\Hwarrior\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1worr\j\b\ii-a \Pnoun\p a soldier or fighter.
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\Hwart\h
\Isay\j\b\i wort \Pnoun\p a small hard swelling on the skin, caused by a viral infection.
\Bwarts and all\j\b\i, (of portraits, etc.) not omitting defects and blemishes.
#
\Hwart-hog\h
\Pnoun\p a large African pig with two large tusks and wart-like growths on the face.
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\Hwary\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wair\j\b\i-ee \Padjective\p careful or guarded. \Bwarily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwariness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwas\h
\Isay\j\b\i woz \Pverb\p the first and third person singular, past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hwash\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) to clean with water or other liquid. b) to cover or wet with a liquid, e.g. in order to separate gold from gravel.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to flow: 'the waves \Iwashed\j\b\i against the cliff'. b) to carry with a flow: 'the river \Iwashed\j\b\i away the hillside'.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwash down\j\b\i, a) to wash thoroughly; b) to swallow food with the aid of liquid.
\Bwashed out\j\b\i, 'the sports meeting was \Iwashed out\j\b\i' (= abandoned owing to rain).
\Bwash up\j\b\i, to wash dishes, cutlery, etc. after a meal.
\Bwash\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i an act or instance of washing: 'give your hair a good \Iwash\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any clothes, etc. washed or to be washed.
\CX13.\j\b\i any liquid with which something is washed: '\Iwhitewash\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i the pattern of disturbed water made by a moving boat.
\CX15.\j\b\i \IGeography:\j\b\i a formation of alluvial deposits.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IArt:\j\b\i a thin watery pigment spread over a surface.
\Bcome out in the wash\j\b\i, to come out all right in the end. \Bwashable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
#
\Hwashboard\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a board or frame with a ridged surface on which clothes may be rubbed while washing them.
\CX12.\j\b\i such a device scratched or scraped as a rhythmical accompaniment in jazz, etc.
#
\Hwashed-out\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) pale or faded. b) exhausted.
#
\Hwashed-up\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) ruined or finished.
#
\Hwasher\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wosh\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a person or thing that washes.
\CX12.\j\b\i any flat circular piece of metal, rubber or leather with a hole in the centre, used with a nut and bolt to give tension or to seal a joint.
\CX13.\j\b\i a piece of cloth, usually towelling, used for washing the face, etc.
#
\Hwashing\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the act of washing.
\CX12.\j\b\i any clothes, etc. washed or to be washed.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Isometimes plural\j\b\i) any substance removed or obtained by washing.
#
\Hwashing soda\h
crystalline sodium carbonate used to soften water.
#
\Hwash-out\h
\Pnoun\p a failure or fiasco.
#
\Hwashroom\h
\Pnoun\p \IAmerican:\j\b\i a room with toilets, basins, etc., especially one in a large building.
#
\Hwashstand\h
\Pnoun\p a support for a bowl and jug for washing.
#
\Hwasp\h
\Isay\j\b\i wosp \Pnoun\p any of a group of stinging insects, often found living in colonies.
#
\Hwaspish\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wosp\j\b\iish \Padjective\p irritable or given to spiteful, stinging remarks. \Bwaspishly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hwaste\h
\Pverb\p a) to use unnecessarily or without purpose: 'she \Iwastes\j\b\i money'. b) to fail to use: 'he \Iwasted\j\b\i the perfect opportunity'. c) (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to kill.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'his body was \Iwasted\j\b\i with disease' (= emaciated).
b) 'the country was \Iwasted\j\b\i by war' (= ruined, devastated).
c) 'they discussed whether they should \Iwaste\j\b\i him' (= kill).
\Bwaste\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the act of wasting: 'a \Iwaste\j\b\i of time'.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which is not or cannot be used, e.g. refuse, desert, unproductive land, etc.
\Blay waste\j\b\i, to destroy or devastate.
\Bwaste\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i desolate: 'the \Iwaste\j\b\i spaces of the world'.
\CX12.\j\b\i no longer wanted or useful: '\Iwaste\j\b\i paper'. \Bwastage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, loss due to waste, etc.; \Bwasteful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bwastefully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwastefulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwat\h
\Pnoun\p a Buddhist temple.
#
\Hwatch\h
\Isay\j\b\i wotch \Pverb\p to look at or look out attentively.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'who's \Iwatching\j\b\i the shop while you're away?' (= minding, guarding).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwatch over\j\b\i, to guard or protect.
\Bwatch\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of watching: 'keep a \Iwatch\j\b\i on my clothes'. b) a period of time for watching or keeping guard, especially on a ship.
\CX12.\j\b\i any small clock designed to be worn or carried. \Bwatchful\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, alert; \Bwatchfully\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwatchfulness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwatch-dog\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a dog kept to guard property.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) any watchful guardian.
#
\Hwatch-house\h
\Pnoun\p a part of a police station where people are kept for questioning.
#
\Hwatchmaker\h
\Pnoun\p a person who makes and repairs watches.
#
\Hwatchman\h
\Pnoun\p a person who keeps watch, e.g. at night in an empty factory.
#
\Hwatchword\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a short phrase summarising a guiding principle: 'let "safety first" be our \Iwatchword\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slogan, especially of a political party. originally a password
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Isometimes plural\j\b\i) the water or liquid of a river, sea, mineral spring, tide, etc.
\CX13.\j\b\i any liquid secretion, especially urine.
\CX14.\j\b\i a solution of a substance in water: '\Irosewater\j\b\i'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a wavy pattern, e.g. on a fabric.
\CX16.\j\b\i the degree of transparency or brilliance of a diamond or other gem.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bhold water\j\b\i, to prove sound or valid.
\Bin deep water\j\b\i, in trouble.
\Blike water\j\b\i, 'he spends money \Ilike water\j\b\i' (= very freely).
\Bthrow cold water on\j\b\i, to discourage.
\Bwater under the bridge\j\b\i, 'all that is \Iwater under the bridge\j\b\i' (= in the past and cannot be remedied).
\Bwater\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to wet with water.
\CX12.\j\b\i to supply with water.
\CX13.\j\b\i to dilute with water.
\CX14.\j\b\i (of the eyes or mouth) to secrete, or fill with, water: 'the smoke made his eyes \Iwater\j\b\i'.
\Bwatered down\j\b\i, less vivid or weakened.
#
\HWater-bearer\h
\Pnoun\p \IAstrology:\j\b\i See \Jaquarius\j\b\i.
#
\Hwaterbed\h
\Pnoun\p a bed consisting of a plastic or rubber mattress filled with water and set into a wooden frame.
#
\Hwater-boatman\h
\Pnoun\p a long-legged insect which skims over the surface of fresh water.
#
\Hwater-buffalo\h
\Pnoun\p the large buffalo of tropical Asia, often domesticated as a work animal.
#
\Hwater-chestnut\h
\Pnoun\p the edible nut-like fruit of an aquatic plant, much used in Chinese cooking.
#
\Hwater-closet\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bw.c\j\b\i.
a toilet.
#
\Hwatercolour\h
\Pnoun\p a) a pigment mixed with water. b) a painting done with such pigment. c) the art or method of using such pigments.
#
\Hwatercourse\h
\Pnoun\p a) a stream or river. b) the bed of a stream or river.
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\Hwatercress\h
\Pnoun\p a herb, the pungent leaves of which are used in salads and soups.
#
\Hwater diviner\h
a person who claims to be able to find water under the earth, often using a Y-shaped stick called a \Bdivining rod\j\b\i.
#
\Hwater equivalent\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i See \Jheat capacity\j\b\i.
#
\Hwaterfall\h
\Pnoun\p a steep fall or flow of water from a height.
#
\Hwater-gas\h
\Pnoun\p \IChemistry:\j\b\i a gas made by passing steam over red-hot coke, used as a fuel.
#
\Hwatergate\h
\Pnoun\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a situation, usually political, which if revealed to the public seems likely to cause the downfall of a leader. after an apartment hotel in Washington \Bdc\j\b\i where a political scandal began
#
\Hwaterhen\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmoorhen\j\b\i.
#
\Hwater-hole\h
\Pnoun\p a well, spring or hollow where water collects naturally.
#
\Hwaterlily\h
\Pnoun\p any of a family of water plants which grow from rhizomes in the mud at the bottom of ponds, etc., with floating leaves and showy flowers.
#
\Hwaterline\h
\Pnoun\p the level reached by the water on the side of a boat.
#
\Hwaterlogged\h
\Padjective\p excessively filled or saturated with water. \Bwaterlog\j\b\i (\Bwaterlogged\j\b\i, \Bwaterlogging\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hwatermark\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a mark showing the extent to which water rises, as in a river or on a beach.
\CX12.\j\b\i a mark or design in paper, visible when held to the light, indicating its quality, authenticity, etc.
#
\Hwatermelon\h
\Pnoun\p a very large, green fruit with a hard skin and juicy red flesh with many pips.
#
\Hwater-pipe\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jhookah\j\b\i.
#
\Hwater-pistol\h
\Pnoun\p a toy gun which sprays water.
#
\Hwater-polo\h
\Pnoun\p a game played in a swimming-pool in which each team tries to throw the ball into the opponent's goal.
#
\Hwaterproof\h
\Padjective\p permitting no water to enter or pass through. \Bwaterproof\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i; \Bwaterproofing\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, material used to make something waterproof.
#
\Hwatershed\h
\Pnoun\p \IGeography:\j\b\i a boundary between areas drained by different river systems.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the event is a historical \Iwatershed\j\b\i' (= dividing point).
#
\Hwaterside worker\h
also called a \Bwharfie\j\b\i
\IAustralian, New Zealand:\j\b\i a person who works loading and unloading ships, etc.
#
\Hwater-skiing\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of skimming over water on skis when towed by a motor boat.
#
\Hwater-softener\h
\Pnoun\p any substance added to hard water to counteract the effect of its mineral content.
#
\Hwater-soluble\h
\Padjective\p able to dissolve in water.
#
\Hwaterspout\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a downpipe.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IWeather:\j\b\i a whirling, funnel-shaped mass of cloud and water, formed at sea.
#
\Hwater-table\h
\Pnoun\p the level below which earth materials are saturated with water.
#
\Hwatertight\h
\Padjective\p made so that water cannot enter or leak through.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she had a \Iwatertight\j\b\i excuse' (= foolproof).
#
\Hwater-tower\h
\Pnoun\p a large tank raised above the ground to regulate the flow and give pressure to a water distribution system.
#
\Hwater-vapour\h
\Pnoun\p gaseous water, the concentration of which governs the humidity of the atmosphere.
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\Hwaterway\h
\Pnoun\p a navigable canal or river.
#
\Hwaterwheel\h
\Pnoun\p a wheel which is turned by the force of water striking the blades or buckets attached to it.
#
\Hwater-wings\h
plural \Pnoun\p an inflatable device worn under the arms by people learning to swim.
#
\Hwaterworks\h
plural \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the system of buildings and structures by which water is provided for a town, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a) the urinary system. b) tears.
#
\Hwatery\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i of or like water.
\CX12.\j\b\i containing much or too much water.
\CX13.\j\b\i (of colour, etc.) pale or weak. \Bwateriness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwatt\h
\Isay\j\b\i wot \Pnoun\p the SI unit of power. \Bwattage\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the amount of electrical power expressed in watts. after \IJames Watt\j\b\i, 1736-1819, a Scottish inventor
#
\Hwattle\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wott\j\b\i'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of the Australian acacias.
\CX12.\j\b\i the branches of trees intertwined with twigs to make fencing.
\CX13.\j\b\i a fold of skin, often brightly coloured, hanging from the throat, especially in birds.
#
\Hwattle-and-daub\h
\Pnoun\p an early method of making house walls, by plastering woven slender branches with mud.
#
\Hwattlebird\h
\Pnoun\p an Australian honey-eater with a brightly coloured wattle.
#
\Hwaul\h
\Isay\j\b\i wawl \Pverb\p to give a long piercing cry.
#
\Hwave\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a ridge or swell moving on the surface of a body of water, e.g. on the sea.
\CX12.\j\b\i a surging or swelling movement: 'a \Iwave\j\b\i of relief passed over him'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'a fresh \Iwave\j\b\i of infantry came into the attack' (= surging mass).
\CX13.\j\b\i a change in temperature passing over a large area: 'a \Iheatwave\j\b\i'.
\CX14.\j\b\i an up-and-down or to-and-fro movement: 'a \Iwave\j\b\i of the hand'.
\CX15.\j\b\i a rising curve or series of curves.
\CX16.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i a regular, progressive vibration by which energy is transmitted through a medium without any net movement of the medium itself.
\Bwave\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to move in a wave or waves.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iwaved\j\b\i me to a seat' (= indicated with a wave of the hand). \Bwavy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bwavily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bwaviness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwaveband\h
\Pnoun\p short form is \Bband\j\b\i
\IRadio:\j\b\i the range of frequencies allocated for particular purposes or to broadcasting or other telecommunication stations.
#
\Hwavelength\h
\Pnoun\p \IPhysics:\j\b\i the distance in a wave between two points of equal phase. \IExample\j\b\i: in waves at sea, the wavelength is the distance between two successive crests.
In electromagnetic radiation the wavelength is in inverse proportion to the frequency.
\Bon the same wavelength\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) in harmony or agreement.
#
\Hwave mechanics\h
\IPhysics:\j\b\i the mathematical analysis of the behaviour of elementary particles, which has shown that it has wave-like characteristics.
#
\Hwaver\h
\Pverb\p to sway to and fro.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'not sure what to think, he \Iwavered\j\b\i between the two opinions' (= was undecided or uncertain). \Bwaveringly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hwax (1)\h
\Pnoun\p any of a variety of solid, non-greasy, organic substances with a low melting point. \Bwax\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to rub, cover or polish with wax; \Bwaxy\j\b\i, \Bwaxen\j\b\i, \Iadjectives\j\b\i, a) of, like or covered with wax, b) pale white or yellow in colour; \Bwaxiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwax (2)\h
\Pverb\p \IAstronomy:\j\b\i to increase in size, as the moon's face does in changing from new moon to full moon. Compare \Jwane\j\b\i.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iwaxed\j\b\i eloquent with the wine' (= became, grew).
#
\Hwax-paper\h
\Pnoun\p any paper made waterproof by a coating of wax.
#
\Hwaxplant\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of tropical, climbing plants with shiny leaves and waxy flowers.
#
\Hwaxwork\h
\Pnoun\p a) a model of the human figure in wax. b) (\Iplural\j\b\i) an exhibition of such models.
#
\Hwaxy\h
\Padjective\p
See \Jwax (1)\j\b\i.
#
\Hway\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a course: a) 'which is the \Iway\j\b\i home?'; b) 'a \Irailway\j\b\i'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'get out of the \Iway\j\b\i' (= line of passage, sight, etc.).
b) 'it's a long \Iway\j\b\i to Tipperary' (= distance).
c) 'which \Iway\j\b\i did they go?' (= direction).
d) 'make \Iway\j\b\i for the lady with the pram' (= room, space).
e) 'she insists on paying her own \Iway\j\b\i' (= expenses).
\CX12.\j\b\i a course of action or proceeding: a) 'do it the \Iway\j\b\i I told you'; b) 'there are many \Iways\j\b\i of looking at this problem'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'he's a good writer in many \Iways\j\b\i' (= respects).
b) 'she dislikes the \Iways\j\b\i of the city' (= habits, customs).
c) 'since the accident John has been in a bad \Iway\j\b\i' (= state of health, condition).
d) 'we shall find a \Iway\j\b\i' (= solution).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bby the way\j\b\i, See \Jby\j\b\i.
\Bby way of\j\b\i, '\Iby way of\j\b\i a change, let's have some peace and quiet' (= as).
\Bgive way\j\b\i, a) to yield; b) to collapse.
\Bgo out of one's way\j\b\i, to make a special effort.
\Bhave a way with\j\b\i, to be skilful in dealing with.
\Bin a way\j\b\i, to a certain extent.
\Bin the family way\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) pregnant.
\Blook the other way\j\b\i, to connive at or pretend not to have seen.
\Bnothing out of the way\j\b\i, nothing extraordinary or uncommon.
\Bno way!\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) it is absolutely impossible.
#
\Hwayfarer\h
\Pnoun\p a traveller, especially one on foot. \Bwayfaring\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwaylay\h
\Pverb\p (\Bwaylaid\j\b\i, \Bwaylaying\j\b\i)
to lie in ambush for and attack suddenly.
#
\Hway-out\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very unusual, eccentric or excellent.
#
\Hwayward\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1way\j\b\i-w\Iu\j\b\id \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i wanting one's own way: 'a \Iwayward\j\b\i child'.
\CX12.\j\b\i irregular or unsteady: 'a \Iwayward\j\b\i breeze'. \Bwaywardness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
#
\Hwe\h
\Ppronoun\p singular is \BI\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the first person plural nominative \Ppronoun\p, used to represent the speaker and one or more others: '\Iwe\j\b\i bought the books'.
\CX12.\j\b\i used by a monarch when referring to himself or herself in formal speech or writing: '\Iwe\j\b\i are not amused'.
\CX13.\j\b\i See \Jus\j\b\i, \Bour\j\b\i and \Bours\j\b\i.
We, us\j\b\i. These personal \Ppronoun\ps are often confused. Consider the following: '\Iwe\j\b\i (not \Ius\j\b\i) football supporters are mostly loyal to our clubs', 'the size of the waves frightened even \Ius\j\b\i (not \Iwe\j\b\i) experienced surfers'.
#
\Hweak\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i not strong: a) 'a \Iweak\j\b\i cup of tea'; b) 'a \Iweak\j\b\i leader'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGrammar:\j\b\i See \Jregular\j\b\i.
\Bweakness\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
the state or quality of being weak.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'even strong characters have a few \Iweaknesses\j\b\i in them' (= weak points, slight faults).
b) 'I have a \Iweakness\j\b\i for chocolate' (= fondness, liking). \Bweaken\j\b\i, \Iverb\j\b\i, to make or become weak or weaker; \Bweakly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
#
\Hweak-kneed\h
\Padjective\p easily frightened or intimidated.
#
\Hweakling\h
\Pnoun\p a feeble person or animal.
#
\Hweal (1)\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwale\j\b\i
a raised mark on the skin caused by a whip or cane.
#
\Hweal (2)\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for happiness or well-being.
#
\Hweald\h
\Isay\j\b\i weeld \Pnoun\p an old word for open country or forest.
#
\Hwealth\h
\Isay\j\b\i welth \Pnoun\p any goods, assets, currency or property which have value.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the painter uses a \Iwealth\j\b\i of bright colours' (= abundance). \Bwealthy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i; \Bwealthily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwean\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to introduce a child or other mammal to food other than its mother's milk.
\CX12.\j\b\i to gradually turn away from: 'try to \Iwean\j\b\i her off cigarettes'.
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\Hweapon\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wepp\j\b\i'n \Pnoun\p any instrument used for fighting. \Bweaponry\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, any or all weapons.
\CX11.\j\b\i to have or carry on the body, face, etc.: a) 'he \Iwears\j\b\i a beard and spectacles'; b) 'he \Iwears\j\b\i a constant frown'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to impair or be impaired by use, exposure to the elements, etc.: 'some rocks \Iwear\j\b\i more quickly than others'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to make or become by constant use, exposure, etc.: a) 'he \Iwore\j\b\i a hole in his sock'; b) 'my patience is \Iwearing\j\b\i thin'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to accept, tolerate: 'he wouldn't \Iwear\j\b\i the idea'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'your arguments are \Iwearing\j\b\i my nerves' (= exhausting).
b) 'he \Iwears\j\b\i his age well' (= bears, carries).
c) 'the day \Iwore\j\b\i on' (= passed gradually or tediously).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bwear out\j\b\i, a) to make or become unuseable through constant use; b) to exhaust.
\Bwear the trousers\j\b\i, 'she \Iwears the trousers\j\b\i in that household' (= dominates).
\Bwear\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a) the act of wearing: 'my shoes are a bit the worse for \Iwear\j\b\i'. b) damage or loss of quality from use: 'there's quite a bit of \Iwear\j\b\i on that front tyre'.
\CX12.\j\b\i things to wear: 'beach \Iwear\j\b\i'.
\Bthe worse for wear\j\b\i, a) damaged by use; b) not looking one's (or its) best. \Bwearer\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bwearable\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wee\j\b\i-z'l \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) a small, slender-bodied, flesh-eating mammal with yellowish-brown fur. b) any of a group of similar animals.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a cunning, sneaky person.
\Bweasel\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\Bweasel out\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) to evade a commitment, obligation, etc.
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\Hweather\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1we\Ith\j\b\i\j\b\i-a \Pnoun\p the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time, described by temperature, rainfall, wind, etc.
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bmake heavy weather of\j\b\i, to make difficulties for oneself in doing something.
\Bunder the weather\j\b\i, (\Iinformal\j\b\i) not feeling very well.
\Bweather\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to go or come through safely: a) 'the ship \Iweathered\j\b\i the storm'; b) 'the young man \Iweathered\j\b\i the crisis'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) to expose to the weather. b) to show the effects of exposure to the weather: 'granite \Iweathers\j\b\i slowly'.
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\Hweather-beaten\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i seasoned or hardened by exposure to the weather.
\CX12.\j\b\i damaged or showing the ill effects of exposure to the weather.
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\Hweatherboard\h
\Pnoun\p a thin plank of wood used in overlapping rows to cover the outside walls of a house.
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\Hweather map\h
also called a \Bsynoptic chart\j\b\i
a map of collected weather information such as pressure given in isobars, for a region at a certain time and used in forecasting.
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\Hweather strip\h
weather-stripping a protective strip covering a space, e.g. where a door meets its frame, to keep out draughts and rain.
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\Hweathervane\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bweathercock\j\b\i
a device consisting of a pole with a piece of metal, often in the shape of a rooster, which spins in the wind and indicates its direction.
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\Hweave\h
\Isay\j\b\i weev \Pverb\p (\Bwove\j\b\i or \Bweaved\j\b\i, \Bwoven\j\b\i, \Bweaving\j\b\i)
\CX11.\j\b\i to intertwine threads, etc. to make a fabric: 'to \Iweave\j\b\i a rug'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'she \Iwove\j\b\i the flowers through her hair' (= intertwined).
\CX12.\j\b\i to move in a twisting and turning path: 'the drunk \Iweaved\j\b\i across the road'. \Bweave\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i, the style of weaving; \Bweaver\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hweb\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i anything made of interlaced threads: 'a spider's \Iweb\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any complex network: 'a \Iweb\j\b\i of roads across the country'.
\CX13.\j\b\i \IBiology:\j\b\i a piece of skin joining two digits on the foot of some animals and birds that swim, such as ducks. \Bwebbed\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i.
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\Hwebbing\h
\Pnoun\p a strong, woven fabric made from hemp, cotton, etc. and used in upholstery, etc.
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\Hweber\h
\Pnoun\p the derived \Bsi\j\b\i unit of magnetic flux.
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\Hwedding\h
\Pnoun\p a marriage ceremony. \Bwed\j\b\i (\Bwedded\j\b\i or \Bwed\j\b\i, \Bwedding\j\b\i), \Iverb\j\b\i. Old English \Iweddian\j\b\i to pledge
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\Hwedge\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any solid triangular or tapered implement or piece used to split a piece of wood or to fix something firmly. b) something which has the shape or function of a wedge: a) 'a \Iwedge\j\b\i of pie'; b) 'a flying \Iwedge\j\b\i of Rugby players'.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IGolf:\j\b\i a club with a wedge-shaped base, used to lift the ball out of sand, etc.
\Bthin end of the wedge\j\b\i, a small change or demand that is likely to lead to big changes or demands.
\Bwedge\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to fix in place with a wedge: '\Iwedge\j\b\i the wheels or the car will roll'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to split with a wedge.
\CX13.\j\b\i to crowd or force into a narrow space: 'we are tightly \Iwedged\j\b\i into the lift'.
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\Hwedlock\h
\Pnoun\p the state, relationship or bondage of marriage.
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\HWednesday\h
\Pnoun\p the fourth day of the week. named after the ancient German god \IWoden\j\b\i
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\Hwee\h
\Padjective\p tiny: 'he's only a \Iwee\j\b\i lad'.
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\Hweed\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a troublesome or useless plant, especially one growing where it is not wanted.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) a thin, unhealthy-looking person.
\Bweed\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
to remove weeds.
\Bweed out\j\b\i, to remove, especially something which is undesirable or unwanted. \Bweedy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) full of weeds, b) (of a plant) of poor, straggling growth, c) (of a person) thin and unhealthy.
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\Hweeds\h
plural \Pnoun\p the clothes, usually black, worn by a widow in mourning.
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\Hweek\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a period of seven days.
\CX12.\j\b\i the period of time devoted to work during a week: 'the unions are asking for a shorter working \Iweek\j\b\i'.
\Bweekly\j\b\i \Iadjective\j\b\i
of, done or occurring once a week or every week.
\Bweekly\j\b\i \Inoun\j\b\i
a newspaper or periodical published once a week. \Bweekly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i, once a week.
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\Hweekday\h
\Pnoun\p any day of the week except Saturday and Sunday.
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\Hweekend\h
\Pnoun\p Saturday and Sunday.
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\Hweeny\h
\Padjective\p (\Iinformal\j\b\i) very small.
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\Hweep\h
\Pverb\p (\Bwept\j\b\i, \Bweeping\j\b\i)
to shed tears.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'the tree was \Iweeping\j\b\i sap where the branch had been torn off' (= dripping). \Bweepy\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, (informal) inclined to weep; \Bweepie\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i (informal) a sentimental film or novel.
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\Hweevil\h
\Pnoun\p any of a group of beetles with elongated heads which eat grain, nuts, etc. \Bweevilly\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, infested with weevils.
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\Hweft\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwoof\j\b\i
the yarn that is interlaced horizontally between the warp on a loom. Compare \Jwarp\j\b\i.
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\Hweigh\h
\Isay\j\b\i way \Pverb\p a) to find the weight of. b) to have weight: 'I \Iweigh\j\b\i more than my sister'.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I advise you to \Iweigh\j\b\i your decision carefully' (= consider).
b) 'she was \Iweighed\j\b\i down by sorrow and guilt' (= burdened).
c) 'her testimony \Iweighed\j\b\i heavily against the accused' (= counted).
\Bweigh anchor\j\b\i, to raise or hoist the anchor.
\Bweigh in\j\b\i, (\ISport:\j\b\i) to be weighed before or after a competition in which qualifications are based on weight, as in boxing or horseracing.
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\Hweighbridge\h
\Pnoun\p a platform onto which a motor vehicle may be driven to measure its weight when loaded up.
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\Hweight\h
\Isay\j\b\i wate \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i the amount or degree of heaviness.
\CX12.\j\b\i \IPhysics:\j\b\i the force of gravitational attraction between two bodies, especially that between any massive body and the earth. Compare \Jgravity\j\b\i and \Bmass (1)\j\b\i.
\CX13.\j\b\i a) a solid object used as a standard in weighing. b) an object used to hold something in place or down: 'a \Ipaperweight\j\b\i'. c) (\Ioften plural\j\b\i) an object used in weight-lifting such as a dumbbell. d) See \Jshot (1)\j\b\i.
\IUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'I am bowed down by the \Iweight\j\b\i of care' (= burden).
b) 'I called you here to discuss a matter of some \Iweight\j\b\i' (= importance).
\IPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bcarry weight\j\b\i, to have influence or importance.
\Bpull one's weight\j\b\i, to do one's full share.
\Bthrow one's weight around\j\b\i, to exercise one's authority more than is necessary.
\Bweight\j\b\i \Iverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i to add weight to: 'they \Iweight\j\b\i the diver's suit to help her sink'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to burden or oppress: 'he is \Iweighted\j\b\i with care'. \Bweightless\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, a) having little or no weight, b) experiencing little or no gravitational pull; \Bweightlessness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bweighty\j\b\i, \Iadjective\j\b\i, having great weight; \Bweightily\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bweightiness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hweighting\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i \IMaths:\j\b\i multiplying some items of a group of statistics by factors which reflect their relative importance.
\CX12.\j\b\i an extra allowance to reflect the higher cost of living in certain areas.
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\Hweight-lifting\h
\Pnoun\p the sport of lifting barbells, etc. \Bweight-lifter\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i.
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\Hweir\h
\Isay\j\b\i weer \Pnoun\p a dam across a watercourse, over which the water may flow.
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\Hweird\h
\Isay\j\b\i weerd \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i supernatural: 'a \Iweird\j\b\i light surrounded the headless horseman'.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Iinformal\j\b\i) odd or strange: 'the \Iweird\j\b\i hairstyles kids wear these days'. \Bweirdly\j\b\i, \Iadverb\j\b\i; \Bweirdness\j\b\i, \Inoun\j\b\i; \Bweirdie\j\b\i, \Bweirdo\j\b\i, \Inouns\j\b\i, (informal) a bizarre or freakish person.
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\Hwelch\h
\Pverb\p See \Jwelsh\j\b\i.
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\Hwelcome\h
\Isay\j\b\i \CX1wel\j\b\ikum \Padjective\p gladly received or admitted: a) 'a \Iwelcome\j\b\i guest'; b) 'a \Iwelcome\j\b\i letter'.
\IUsage:\j\b\i 'you're \Iwelcome\j\b\i to whatever money I have' (= free to use, take, etc.).
\Byou're welcome\j\b\i, a conventional response to 'thank you'. \Bwelcome\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i; \Bwelcome\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to give a welcome to; \Bwelcome!\j\b\i, \Binterjection\j\b\i.
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\Hweld\h
\Pverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i to join metals, plastics, etc. by applying heat and melting them together.
\CX12.\j\b\i to unite closely or intimately. \Bweld\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i; \Bwelder\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwelfare\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wel\j\b\i-fair \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a state of well-being, either physical or mental.
\CX12.\j\b\i any aid given to those in need.
\Bwelfare state\j\b\i
a state in which the government assumes primary responsibility for the social welfare of its members, e.g. through unemployment benefits, health insurance, etc.
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\Hwelkin\h
\Pnoun\p an old word for the sky. Old English \Bwolcen\j\b\i a cloud
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\Hwell (1)\h
\Padverb\p (\Bbetter\j\b\i, \Bbest\j\b\i)
satisfactorily, commendably or favourably: 'if you do \Bwell\j\b\i the boss will give you a bonus'.
\BUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'they have the money to live \Bwell\j\b\i' (= comfortably, in an affluent manner).
b) 'you would do \Bwell\j\b\i to say nothing at this stage' (= prudently).
c) 'I don't know him \Bwell\j\b\i' (= intimately).
d) 'the whole business will have to be \Bwell\j\b\i looked into' (= thoroughly).
e) 'we are \Bwell\j\b\i behind America in space research' (= far).
\BPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bas well\j\b\i, a) 'he's trimmed his beard, and cut his hair \Bas well\j\b\i' (= in addition, besides); b) 'she might \Bas well\j\b\i have given it away' (= with equal effect).
\Bas well as\j\b\i, 'he's supple \Bas well as\j\b\i strong' (= in addition to being).
\Bjust as well\j\b\i, a) preferable; b) 'it was \Bjust as well\j\b\i you came in time' (= lucky).
\Bvery well\j\b\i, a) 'I can't \Bvery well\j\b\i refuse him a favour' (= with reason or propriety); b) 'you know \Bvery well\j\b\i you can't do that' (= undeniably); c) '\Bvery well\j\b\i, leave me alone to shiver in the cold' (= all right, certainly).
\Bwell\j\b\i \Badjective\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in a satisfactory state: 'four bells, and all's \Bwell\j\b\i'.
\CX12.\j\b\i a) in good health: 'I feel \Bwell\j\b\i'. b) cured or healed: 'make me \Bwell\j\b\i, doctor'.
\CX13.\j\b\i advisable or prudent: 'it is \Bwell\j\b\i not to swim immediately after eating'.
\Bleave well alone\j\b\i, to leave things as they are for fear of making them worse. \Bwell\j\b\i, \Binterjection\j\b\i, a) an exclamation expressing surprise, indignation, etc., b) an exclamation used to cover a pause, begin a speech, etc. \Bwell (1), good\j\b\i. Remember that \Bgood\j\b\i is an \Padjective\p and \Bwell\j\b\i is an \Padverb\p. Consider the following: 'you sang \Bwell\j\b\i (not \Bgood\j\b\i) tonight' (here \Bwell\j\b\i qualifies the \Pverb\p 'sang'), 'the painters did a \Bgood\j\b\i job' (here \Bgood\j\b\i qualifies the \Pnoun\p 'job'). Note also that \Bwell\j\b\i and \Bgood\j\b\i can often be replaced with more accurate or specific words.
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\Hwell (2)\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a hole drilled in the earth, to obtain water, oil, sulphur, etc.
\CX12.\j\b\i something which has the shape or function of a well: a) 'a \Bstairwell\j\b\i'; b) 'an \Binkwell\j\b\i'.
\BUsage:\j\b\i 'she is a \Bwell\j\b\i of information on the subject' (= source of continued supply).
\Bwell\j\b\i \Bverb\j\b\i
to rise or flow up like water in a spring: a) 'blood \Bwelled\j\b\i up out of the wound'; b) 'her eyes \Bwelled\j\b\i with tears'.
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\Hwell-appointed\h
\Padjective\p properly equipped, furnished, etc.
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\Hwell-balanced\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i properly balanced, adjusted or regulated.
\CX12.\j\b\i sensible or sane.
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\Hwell-being\h
\Pnoun\p the state of being healthy, happy or prosperous.
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\Hwell-connected\h
\Padjective\p having useful connections with important or influential people.
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\Hwell-earned\h
\Padjective\p thoroughly deserved.
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\Hwell-established\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i having a reliable reputation and an apparently stable and successful future: 'a \Bwell-established\j\b\i firm'.
\CX12.\j\b\i unlikely to change or give way: a \Bwell-established\j\b\i usage'.
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\Hwell-heeled\h
\Padjective\p (\Binformal\j\b\i) wealthy.
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\Hwellington\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jgumboot\j\b\i. after the \BDuke of Wellington\j\b\i
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\Hwell-lined\h
\Padjective\p (\Binformal\j\b\i) (of a purse, pocket, etc.) full of money.
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\Hwellnigh\h
\Padverb\p almost: 'I \Bwellnigh\j\b\i died of fright'.
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\Hwell-off\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i in fortunate circumstances.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Binformal\j\b\i) wealthy.
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\Hwellspring\h
\Pnoun\p an origin or source, as of a stream or spring.
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\Hwell-to-do\h
\Padjective\p wealthy.
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\Hwell-turned\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i nicely formed: 'a \Bwell-turned\j\b\i ankle'.
\CX12.\j\b\i pleasingly expressed: 'a \Bwell-turned\j\b\i compliment'.
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\Hwell-worn\h
\Padjective\p worn through use: a) '\Bwell-worn\j\b\i carpets'; b) 'a \Bwell-worn\j\b\i saying'.
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\Hwelsh\h
\Pverb\p welch (\Binformal\j\b\i) to evade paying: 'to \Bwelsh\j\b\i on a bet'. \Bwelsher\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
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\HWelsh corgi\h
See \Jcorgi\j\b\i.
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\Hwelt\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a stripe raised on the skin by a blow.
\CX12.\j\b\i a strip of cloth or covered cord sewn into a seam to strengthen it.
\CX13.\j\b\i the strip of leather attaching the upper to the sole of a shoe. \Bwelt\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to furnish with a welt or welts.
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\Hwelter\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a rolling movement, as of waves.
\CX12.\j\b\i a confusion or turmoil, e.g. of thoughts.
\CX13.\j\b\i \BHorseracing:\j\b\i a race in which all horses carry more weight than normally. \Bwelter\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to lie or wallow in a liquid.
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\Hwelterweight\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wel\j\b\ita-wate \Pnoun\p a weight division in boxing, not more than 67 kg for amateurs and professionals.
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\Hwench\h
\Pnoun\p (\Buse is often sexist, derogatory\j\b\i) an old word for a girl or young woman, often a farm girl or servant. \Bwench\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to keep company with wenches.
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\Hwend\h
\Pverb\p an old word for to go: 'to \Bwend\j\b\i one's way home'.
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\Hwent\h
\Pverb\p the past tense of the \Pverb\p \Bgo\j\b\i.
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\Hwept\h
\Pverb\p the past tense and past participle of the \Pverb\p \Bweep\j\b\i.
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\Hwere\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wer \Pverb\p the plural and second person singular past indicative of the \Pverb\p \Bbe\j\b\i.
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\Hwerewolf\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1weer\j\b\i-wulf \Pnoun\p werwolf plural is \Bwerewolves\j\b\i
\BFolklore:\j\b\i a person who is able to turn into a wolf. Old English \Bwer\j\b\i man + \Bwolf\j\b\i
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\HWesleyan\h
\Pnoun\p See \Jmethodist\j\b\i.
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\Hwest\h
\Pnoun\p a) the direction of the sun at sunset. b) the cardinal point of the compass at 90░ to the left of north and opposite east.
\Bthe West\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i \BGeography:\j\b\i a) Western Europe. b) western America or Australia.
\CX12.\j\b\i \BPolitics:\j\b\i a) the countries of Europe which have not had long-term Communist governments, North America and associated countries, e.g. Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Compare \Jeast\j\b\i. b) European civilisation, as distinct from the East, etc. \Bwest\j\b\i, \Badjective\j\b\i, \Badverb\j\b\i; \Bwesternise\j\b\i, \Bwesternize\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to cause a country or person to adopt the customs, values, etc, of the West.
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\Hwesterly\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1west\j\b\ia-lee \Padjective\p (of a direction, course, etc.) from or towards the west.
\Bwesterly\j\b\i \Bnoun\j\b\i
a wind coming from the west. \Bwesterly\j\b\i, \Badverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwestern\h
\Padjective\p (of a place) situated in the west. \Bwestern\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i, (informal) a film or book about frontier America, cowboys, etc.
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\HWeston cell\h
\BElectricity:\j\b\i a cadmium-mercury cell used as a standard of electromotive force. a trademark
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\Hwestward\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1west\j\b\i-w\Bu\j\b\id \Padjective\p toward the west. \Bwestwards\j\b\i, \Badverb\j\b\i, towards the west.
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\Hwet\h
\Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) covered or soaked with water or some other liquid. b) still in a liquid state: '\Bwet\j\b\i paint'.
\CX12.\j\b\i having a rainy climate
\CX13.\j\b\i allowing the consumption of alcohol: 'a \Bwet\j\b\i district'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Binformal\j\b\i) stupid or senseless: 'how \Bwet\j\b\i can you get?'.
\Bwet behind the ears\j\b\i, See \Jear\j\b\i.
\Bwet\j\b\i \Bverb\j\b\i
(\Bwet\j\b\i or \Bwetted\j\b\i, \Bwetting\j\b\i)
to make wet.
\Bwet one's whistle\j\b\i, (\Binformal\j\b\i) to have a drink.
\Bwet\j\b\i \Bnoun\j\b\i \Bwet\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i, a) moisture, b) rainy weather, c) (informal) a stupid person, d) (\Binformal\j\b\i) a person who expounds and supports flexible conservative political policies. Compare \Jdry\j\b\i.
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\Hwet and dry\h
See \Jemery\j\b\i.
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\Hwet blanket\h
(\Binformal\j\b\i) a person or thing that has a discouraging or depressing effect.
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\Hwet cell\h
\BElectricity:\j\b\i See \Jcell\j\b\i.
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\Hwet dream\h
(of males) a sexually exciting dream which is accompanied by an ejaculation of semen during sleep.
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\Hwether\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1we\Bth\j\b\i\j\b\ia \Pnoun\p a castrated male sheep or goat.
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\Hwet monsoon\h
See \Jmonsoon\j\b\i.
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\Hwet nurse\h
a woman hired to breastfeed another woman's child. \Bwet-nurse\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i.
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\Hwet suit\h
a garment, usually made of neoprene, worn by divers, etc. It does not prevent water getting in, but restricts the flow, maintaining a warm layer of water around the wearer.
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\Hwetting agent\h
\BChemistry:\j\b\i a substance which lowers the surface tension of a liquid, increasing its spreading, penetrating and wetting properties.
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\Hwhack\h
\Pnoun\p (\Binformal\j\b\i) a) a sharp, resounding stroke or blow. b) the noise made by such a blow.
\BUsages:\j\b\i
a) 'have a \Bwhack\j\b\i at the job' (= attempt, go).
b) 'a large \Bwhack\j\b\i of the money went in taxes' (= part). \Bwhack\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, (informal) to strike sharply.
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\Hwhacking\h
\Padjective\p (\Binformal\j\b\i) very big.
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\Hwhacky\h
\Padjective\p wacky (\Binformal\j\b\i) crazy.
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\Hwhale\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wale \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i any of a group of very large, marine mammals found in all oceans and formerly hunted for their oil, bone and flesh.
\CX12.\j\b\i (\Binformal\j\b\i) something which is extremely good or large: 'we had a \Bwhale\j\b\i of a time'. \Bwhale\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, to hunt whales.
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\Hwhaleboat\h
\Pnoun\p also called a \Bwhaler\j\b\i
a long boat pointed at both ends, formerly used for hunting whales.
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\Hwhalebone\h
\Pnoun\p the horny plates hanging from the upper jaw of toothless whales.
to hit or strike with a loud sound. \Bwham\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i, a) a solid blow or impact, b) the noise made by such a blow.
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\Hwharf\h
\Bsay\j\b\i worf \Pnoun\p plural is \Bwharves\j\b\i (\Bsay\j\b\i worvz)
a permanent landing place where ships are loaded and unloaded.
\Bthe wharves\j\b\i, the dock area.
\Bwharfage\j\b\i \Bnoun\j\b\i
a) the storage of goods on a wharf. b) the charge for the use of a wharf. \Bwharfie\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i, (informal) a waterside worker.
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\Hwhat\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wot \Ppronoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) which particular thing?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i shall we order to eat?'. b) of which kind or character?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i is this plant?'. c) of how much value, significance, etc.?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i is money to a dying man?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i that which or the thing that: 'this is \Bwhat\j\b\i I think'.
\BPhrases:\j\b\i
\Band what have you, and what not\j\b\i, and anything else that there may be.
\Bwhat about?\j\b\i, '\Bwhat about\j\b\i going to the theatre?' (= what do you say to the idea of).
\Bwhat (ever) next!\j\b\i, (\Binformal\j\b\i) is there anything that could be more outrageous, ridiculous, etc.
\Bwhat for\j\b\i, (\Binformal\j\b\i) severe treatment or punishment.
\Bwhat for?\j\b\i, why?
\Bwhat it takes\j\b\i, the necessary ability, personality, etc.
\Bwhat of it?\j\b\i, what does it matter?
\Bwhat's what\j\b\i, the true position.
\Bwhat\j\b\i \Padjective\p
which one or ones of a number?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i dress shall I wear?'.
\BUsage:\j\b\i 'her bad temper spoilt \Bwhat\j\b\i fun we could have had' (= any possible).
\Bwhat\j\b\i \Badverb\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i how?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i does it matter?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i why?: '\Bwhat\j\b\i are you crying for?'.
\Bwhatever, whatsoever\j\b\i \Bpronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i everything or anything that: 'do \Bwhatever\j\b\i you like'.
\CX12.\j\b\i no matter what: 'go \Bwhatever\j\b\i happens'. \Bwhatever\j\b\i, \Badjective\j\b\i.
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\Hwheat\h
\Bsay\j\b\i weet \Pnoun\p a cereal plant used to make flour. \Bwheaten\j\b\i, \Badjective\j\b\i.
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\HWheatstone bridge\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wet\j\b\istun brij
\BElectricity:\j\b\i an instrument used to measure electrical resistance accurately. invented by \BC. Wheatstone\j\b\i, 1802-75, an English physicist
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\Hwheedle\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wee\j\b\i-d'l \Pverb\p to persuade or obtain by flattery, etc. \Bwheedler\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwheel\h
\Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a) any circular construction which turns on a central axis. b) something resembling a wheel in construction or movement, such as the steering device on a vehicle.
\CX12.\j\b\i an old instrument of torture, consisting of a circular frame on which a person was stretched.
\CX13.\j\b\i (\Bplural\j\b\i) the forces which provide energy, movement, etc.: 'the \Bwheels\j\b\i of thought'.
\CX14.\j\b\i (\Binformal\j\b\i) a person with great power or influence: 'she's a big \Bwheel\j\b\i on the arts board'.
\BPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bat the wheel\j\b\i, a) at the wheel of a vehicle; b) in control or command.
\Bput one's shoulder to the wheel\j\b\i, to exert oneself greatly.
\Bwheels within wheels\j\b\i, complicated motives and influences. \Bwheel\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i, a) to revolve or rotate, b) to turn or whirl around.
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\Hwheelbarrow\h
\Pnoun\p a vehicle, usually with a single wheel at one end and handles at the other, used to carry goods.
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\Hwheelbase\h
\Pnoun\p the distance between the front and rear axles of a vehicle.
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\Hwheelchair\h
\Pnoun\p a chair with wheels which may be operated by hand or mechanically, used by invalids, etc.
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\Hwheeler-dealer\h
\Pnoun\p (\Binformal\j\b\i) a shrewd or cunning schemer or trader. \Bwheeler-dealing\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwheelwright\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1weel\j\b\i-rite \Pnoun\p a person who makes or repairs wheels, wheeled carriages, etc.
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\Hwheeze\h
\Bsay\j\b\i weez \Pverb\p to breathe with difficulty, producing a whistling sound. \Bwheeze\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i; \Bwheezy\j\b\i, \Badjective\j\b\i; \Bwheezily\j\b\i, \Badverb\j\b\i; \Bwheeziness\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
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\Hwhelk\h
\Bsay\j\b\i welk \Pnoun\p any of a group of large, spiral marine gastropods, used as food.
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\Hwhelp\h
\Bsay\j\b\i welp \Pnoun\p the young of a dog, wolf, or similar mammal.
\BUsage:\j\b\i (\Binformal\j\b\i) 'what a useless \Bwhelp\j\b\i he is' (= youth).
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\Hwhen\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wen \Padverb\p at what time?: '\Bwhen\j\b\i will breakfast be ready?'.
\Bwhen\j\b\i \Bconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i then at that time: 'we were about to leave \Bwhen\j\b\i there was a knock on the door'.
\CX12.\j\b\i at what time: 'learning \Bwhen\j\b\i to be quiet'.
\CX13.\j\b\i at any time: 'I get annoyed \Bwhen\j\b\i I am kept waiting'.
\CX14.\j\b\i while or whereas: 'she sat down \Bwhen\j\b\i she should have remained standing'.
\Bwhen\j\b\i \Bpronoun\j\b\i
what or which time?: 'since \Bwhen\j\b\i have you been in charge?'.
\Bwhenever, whensoever\j\b\i \Bconjunction\j\b\i
at any time that: 'leave \Bwhenever\j\b\i you like'.
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\Hwhence\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wence \Padverb\p, conjunction an old word meaning from what place, source, origin, etc.: 'he asked me \Bwhence\j\b\i I came'.
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\Hwhere\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wair \Padverb\p \CX11.\j\b\i at or in what place?: a) '\Bwhere\j\b\i could they be?'; b) '\Bwhere\j\b\i did you hear that?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i to what place?: '\Bwhere\j\b\i are you going now?'.
\Bwhere\j\b\i \Bconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i in or at what place, position, etc.: 'find \Bwhere\j\b\i the leak is'.
\CX12.\j\b\i in or at the place, position, etc. in which: 'my purse is not \Bwhere\j\b\i I left it'.
\CX13.\j\b\i to which or any place that: 'you may wander \Bwhere\j\b\i you wish'.
\Bwhere\j\b\i \Bpronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i the place in which: 'this is \Bwhere\j\b\i I lost it'.
\CX12.\j\b\i what place?: 'from \Bwhere\j\b\i?'.
\Bwhereabouts\j\b\i \Badverb\j\b\i
in, at or near what location? \BWord Family:\j\b\i \Bwhereabouts\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i.
\Bwhereas\j\b\i \Bconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i while on the contrary: 'he was late, \Bwhereas\j\b\i I was early'.
\BUsage:\j\b\i 'to \Bwhet\j\b\i one's appetite with savouries' (= stimulate, heighten).
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\Hwhether\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1we\Btha\j\b\i\j\b\i conjunction \CX11.\j\b\i if it is so that: 'tell me \Bwhether\j\b\i you are considering my proposal'.
\CX12.\j\b\i either: '\Bwhether\j\b\i by luck or skill, she got the right answer'.
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\Hwhetstone\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wet\j\b\i-stone \Pnoun\p a fine, abrasive stone used for sharpening tools, etc.
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\Hwhew\h
\Bsay\j\b\i few interjection an exclamation of relief, amazement, etc.
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\Hwhey\h
\Bsay\j\b\i way \Pnoun\p the milk serum which separates as a watery liquid from curd when it coagulates, as in cheese-making.
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\Hwhich\h
\Bsay\j\b\i witch \Padjective\p \CX11.\j\b\i a particular one or ones?: '\Bwhich\j\b\i kitten do you like best?'.
\CX12.\j\b\i being previously mentioned: 'four hours, during \Bwhich\j\b\i time we slept'.
\Bwhich\j\b\i \Bpronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i a thing, person, event, etc. previously mentioned or implied: 'the book, \Bwhich\j\b\i has a red cover, is mine'.
\CX12.\j\b\i any one: 'choose \Bwhich\j\b\i you'd like'.
\CX13.\j\b\i a thing or circumstance that: 'and, \Bwhich\j\b\i is worse, he lost his passport'.
\Bwhichever, whichsoever\j\b\i \Bpronoun\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i any one or ones: 'take \Bwhichever\j\b\i you want'.
\CX12.\j\b\i no matter which: '\Bwhichever\j\b\i you choose, people will criticise your choice'.
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\Hwhiff\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wif \Pnoun\p \CX11.\j\b\i a faint odour carried in the air.
\CX12.\j\b\i a slight, gentle gust of air.
\CX13.\j\b\i an inhalation or exhalation of air, smoke, etc. \Bwhiff\j\b\i, \Bverb\j\b\i.
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\HWhig\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wig \Pnoun\p \BHistory:\j\b\i a member of the British political party which supported the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy. Compare \Jtory\j\b\i.
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\Hwhile\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wile \Pnoun\p a period of time: 'a \Bwhile\j\b\i ago'.
\BPhrases:\j\b\i
\Bonce in a while\j\b\i, occasionally.
\Bthe while\j\b\i, 'we have been searching the woods and all \Bthe while\j\b\i you were sitting here' (= during this time).
\Bworth one's while\j\b\i, worth one's time, effort, etc.
\Bwhile, whilst\j\b\i \Bconjunction\j\b\i
\CX11.\j\b\i during or in the time that: '\Bwhile\j\b\i you are here I shall bake a cake'.
\CX12.\j\b\i although: '\Bwhile\j\b\i I am flattered by the offer, I can't marry you'.
\Bwhile\j\b\i \Bverb\j\b\i
to spend time pleasantly or idly: 'to \Bwhile\j\b\i away the day'.
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\Hwhim\h
\Bsay\j\b\i wim \Pnoun\p a sudden fancy or desire.
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\Hwhimper\h
\Bsay\j\b\i \CX1wim\j\b\ipa \Pverb\p to cry with low, broken sounds. \Bwhimper\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i; \Bwhimperer\j\b\i, \Bnoun\j\b\i, a person who whimpers.
