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C-Kermit 8.0 Installation Instructions for VMS
[ [1]Contents ] [ [2]C-Kermit ] [ [3]Kermit Home ]
As of C-Kermit version: 8.0.200, 12 Dec 2001
This file last updated: Wed Dec 12 09:46:22 2001 (New York City
time)
IF YOU ARE READING A PLAIN-TEXT version of this document, note that
this file is a plain-text dump of a Web page. You can visit the
original (and possibly more up-to-date) Web page here:
[4]http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html
Authors:
F. da Cruz, C. Gianone, M. Evarts, Columbia University, New
York, NY.
Terry Kennedy, Saint Peters College, Jersey City, NJ.
And: Peter Mossel, James Sturdevant, Richard Gilbert, Sebastian
Bazley.
________________________________________________________________________
CONTENTS
1. [5]QUICKSTART GUIDE
2. [6]BOOTSTRAPPING
3. [7]CONFIGURING VMS FOR BEST RESULTS WITH KERMIT
3.1. [8]TERMINAL BUFFER SIZE
3.2. [9]USER QUOTAS AND PRIVILEGES
3.3. [10]CONFIGURING SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORTS
3.4. [11]CONFIGURING LAT DEVICES
3.5. [12]THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL DRIVER
3.6. [13]CAPTIVE ACCOUNTS AND RESTRICTED ACCESS
4. [14]DECODING VMS C-KERMIT HEX FILES
5. [15]INSTALLING VMS C-KERMIT
6. [16]USING MODEMS
7. [17]BUILDING VMS C-KERMIT FROM THE SOURCE CODE
7.1. [18]PROGRAMMING TIPS
7.2. [19]VMS TCP/IP NETWORKING SUPPORT FOR C-KERMIT
8. [20]CASE STUDY: ALPHA SETUP AND TEST RESULTS
9. [21]MAKING AND USING VMSINSTAL KITS)
________________________________________________________________________
1. QUICKSTART GUIDE
To install VMS C-Kermit on VAX/(Open)VMS 5.0 or later, and Alpha
OpenVMS (all versions), please follow the instructions in the next
three major sections of this file. Section 3, [22]Configuring VMS for
Best Results with Kermit, contains important information needed to
achieve solid performance from C-Kermit. Please read it and follow the
suggestions or give it to your system manager. Section 4, [23]Decoding
VMS C-Kermit Hex Files, explains the process required to create an
executable image from the "text-only" HEX files. These HEX files are
distributed on the ANSI tapes from Columbia University and are decoded
using an assembly-language program which is also provided. If you have
received VMS C-Kermit on TK50 tape in BACKUP format, then you already
have binary executable files included on the tape. Section 5,
[24]Installing VMS C-Kermit, gives step-by-step instructions for
making C-Kermit available and fully configured for your users.
If you are running a version of VMS *prior* to 5.0, or need to
customize the C-Kermit sources, please refer to [25]Section 5.
[ [26]Contents ] [ [27]C-Kermit ] [ [28]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
2. BOOTSTRAPPING
In many cases, you can get C-Kermit onto your VMS system using FTP, an
old version of Kermit that is already there, or some other existing
file transfer method, or by copying it from magnetic tape, diskette,
or CDROM.
In case none of those methods are available to you, here is a method
to "bootstrap" C-Kermit onto a VAX system from another computer. It
uses the older and smaller "Kermit-32" program (which runs only on
VAXes, not Alphas) to load the newer and larger C-Kermit program.
Suppose, for example, you have a PC with DOS, Windows, or some form of
UNIX such as Linux, which has FTP capability, and the PC is connected
to your VAX through its serial port (directly, with a null modem
cable, or else through a modem), and the PC already has its own Kermit
program installed (MS-DOS Kermit, Kermit 95, or C-Kermit, depending on
the OS). Here are specific instructions you can try; this example
assumes the PC has Linux and C-Kermit:
1. Get the files vmsmit.hex and vmsdeh.mar with anonymous ftp in text
mode onto your PC from:
[29]ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/b
Also get the appropriate version of VMS C-Kermit on your PC from
the C-Kermit website:
[30]http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
Use C-Kermit on Linux to log in to VMS:
set line /dev/ttyS0 ; or whatever
set speed 19200
set flow xon/xoff
set transmit eof \26
connect
2. Log in to VMS, SET DEFAULT to the desired directory, and then give
the following commands at the VMS prompt:
set terminal /ttsync /hostsync
3. Give the following command at the VMS prompt:
create vmsmit.hex
4. Escape back to C-Kermit on Linux with Ctrl-\ C.
5. Tell C-Kermit to:
transmit vmsmit.hex
6. Repeat steps 4-6 for VMSDEH.MAR.
7. Now you should have VMSMIT.HEX and VMSDEH.MAR in your VMS
directory. Give the following commands to VMS:
macro vmsdeh
link vmsdeh
run vmsdeh
8. When VMSDEH prompts for a filename, type "vmsmit.hex".
9. When VMSDEH is finished, it prompts you for another filename. Just
press the Enter (Return) key.
10. Now VMSMIT.EXE should be in your directory. To run it, type:
run vmsmit
at the VMS prompt.
11. Use this program to transfer the appropriate version of C-Kermit
to VMS, and then you will have a modern, fast, up-to-date version
of Kermit.
WARNING: You can't use Kermit-32 ("Bliss Kermit") to receive a VMS
binary program. If you have to use Kermit-32 to get C-Kermit onto your
VAX, you'll need to transfer a hex-encoded version of the binary,
rather than the straight binary, and then "dehexify" the result as
shown above. This is because Kermit-32 stores incoming binary files in
a format that is not appropriate for VMS executables (variable 510
instead of fixed 512).
[ [31]Contents ] [ [32]C-Kermit ] [ [33]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
3. CONFIGURING VMS FOR BEST RESULTS WITH KERMIT
3.1. Terminal Buffer Size
VMS is shipped with default installation parameters designed to
function on all possible configurations. Some of these parameters have
not been changed since the "average" VMS system was a VAX-11/780 with
1Mb of memory.
The main parameter that affects Kermit is the terminal type-ahead
buffer size, which applies to serial terminal devices (with the TT or
TX prefix). There are two possible values in VMS - the "normal" size
and the "alternate" size. The defaults for these are 78 and 200 bytes,
respectively. If more data arrives at the terminal driver than these
buffers can hold (which is a likely occurrence during file transfer),
it will be discarded and file transfers will be slowed down or
terminated by errors.
This is most frequently seen when receiving files on a slow VAX,
particularly when using long packets and/or sliding windows. File
reception requires larger system buffers (to hold arriving packets),
and the speed of the VAX controls how quickly Kermit can empty them.
The recommended minimum size for each of these buffers is the number
shown as "Buffer size" by the C-Kermit SHOW PROTOCOL command, which is
the total amount of memory allocated by C-Kermit for packet buffers
(window slots times packet length). VMS C-Kermit is shipped with a
buffer size of 9065, which can be altered by the user with a SET
BUFFERS command.
To change the values of the VMS typeahead buffer sizes, you should
edit the file SYS$SYSTEM:MODPARAMS.DAT. Determine the new values you
want to use and add lines like the following to the end of the
MODPARAMS.DAT file:
MIN_TTY_TYPAHDSZ = new_value_for_regular ! For VMS C-Kermit
MIN_TTY_ALTYPAHD = new_value_for_alternate ! For VMS C-Kermit
for example:
MIN_TTY_TYPAHDSZ = 2064
MIN_TTY_ALTYPAHD = 2064
The TTY_ALTYPAHD size should be at least as great as the TTY_TYPAHDSZ.
Digital recommends a value of 2064 or greater for TTY_ALTYPAHD if you
are running VMS V5.5 or higher, or if you are running the optional
LATmaster code under VMS V5.4-1, -2, or -3.
You should also examine this file to be sure there aren't any other
definitions for TTY_TYPAHDSZ or TTY_ALTYPAHD. If there are, you'll get
warning messages in the next step.
You may wish to simply set TTY_TYPAHDSZ=TTY_ALTYPAHD=2064, since
most common VMS "TTY ports" these days are actually LAT or TCP/IP
devices, which cannot easily be configured to use the alternate
buffer. Also, it takes a privileged user or program to set a port
to use the alternate buffer, and since we do not recommend
installing Kermit with privileges, this would restrict Kermit
access to privileged users.
Let's consider a medium-sized VAX with perhaps 64 "ports" (either
serial ports or LAT or TCP/IP network ports). This system probably
has at least 16 megabytes of memory. Configuring TTY_TYPAHDSZ to
2064 will take up 64 * 2064 bytes of memory, or 132096 bytes. This
is less than 1 per cent of available memory. Most systems would
have more than 16Mb of memory for 64 simultaneous users, lowering
the percentage even further.
In some cases, it might also be necessary to increase your system's
MAXBUF parameter. It should be somewhat longer than the longest packet
you want Kermit to be able to send or receive, to allow for SYS$QIO
overhead (the bigger the value, the more overhead). DEC currently
recommends 2300, which should be sufficient for 2K (2048-byte)
packets. If you want to use C-Kermit's maximum packet length, 9024,
then your MAXBUF should be set to about 12000. Do this in the
SYS$SYSTEM:MODPARAMS.DAT file:
MIN_MAXBUF=xxxx
You should also ensure that PQL_MBYTLM is at least MAXBUF + 2300;
otherwise, at least on early 5.x VMS releases (reportedly), the system
can crash.
To have these changes take effect, run the "AUTOGEN" procedure:
@SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN GETDATA SETPARAMS
or:
@SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN SAVPARAMS SETPARAMS
or:
@SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN SAVPARAMS GENPARAMS FEEDBACK
DIFFERENCE/OUTPUT=DIFF.DAT/PARALLEL SETPARAMS.DAT
EDIT/TPU DIFF.DAT ! Check out what Autogen is going to do to me.
@SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN SETPARAMS REBOOT
(Read about AUTOGEN in the VMS Guide to System Management)
This incorporates the new buffer sizes into the system configuration,
and they will take effect the next time the system is reloaded.
To examine your system parameters:
run sys$system:sysgen
SYSGEN> use current
SYSGEN> show maxbuf (should be at least 2064)
SYSGEN> show virtualpagecnt (should be at least 50000)
SYSGEN> show /tty (TTY_ALTYPAHD should be at least 2064)
In an emergency, or for testing purposes, you can also change your
MIN_MAXBUF value "on the fly":
$ run sys$system:sysgen
SYSGEN> set maxbuf 2300
SYSGEN> write active
SYSGEN> exit
This operation should be used with caution, and should probably NOT be
used with values greater than about 3000. The AUTOGEN procedure is
safer because it understands the relationships among the major
parameters.
NOTE: Although it is still recommended that you make your MAXBUF
setting large enough for Kermit packets, it is (as of C-Kermit edit
190) no longer strictly necessary. C-Kermit's packet writer now
recovers from MAXBUF and quota-exceeded errors automatically by
backing off and retransmitting the packet in appropriate-size chunks
(size determined by trial and error). But this involves a small amount
of additional overhead, so it's still best to have adequate MAXBUF and
quotas.
3.2. User Quotas and Privileges
C-Kermit communications are also affected by the user's BYTLM quota
and possibly also the process page quota (PGFLQUO). Also the BIOLM
quota (should be at least 10 or 20).
In modern versions of VMS, the default BYTLM quota is 8192, which
should normally be adequate. If C-Kermit users experience error
messages informing them that a quota was exceeded during terminal
emulation or file transfer, the system manager should increase the
user's BYTLM and/or process page quota. To find out the user's quotas,
the system manager should:
set default sys$system
run authorize
UAF> show <username>
Then look for the relevant quotas and adjust them as required. The
BYTLM quota should be somewhat greater than the product of Kermit's
window size and packet size, for example, 8192 for 4 window slots and
2000-byte-packets. PGFLQUO should be 20,000 or higher.
If users will be using C-Kermit's PUSH command or issuing REMOTE
commands (such as REMOTE DIR) to the VMS C-Kermit server, the user
will need to have the ability to create subprocesses (AUTHORIZE
parameter PRCLM). If Kermit will itself be invoked as a subprocess
(for example, from within a menu system) this should be considered as
well. Kermit uses local mailboxes for remote command execution, so
users will also need the TMPMBX privilege if these commands are to be
used.
3.3. Configuring Serial Communication Ports
If your system has a port that is frequently used for file transfers
(for example, with a modem), you should have your system manager
enable the alternate type-ahead buffer, and direct memory access, by
placing the command:
$ SET TERMINAL ddcu:/PERMANENT/ALTYPEAHD/DMA
in the system-wide startup command file, where ddcu: is the name of
the device, for each such device. If DMA is not enabled, Kermit will
run more slowly and use a lot more CPU time. (Note: DMA is only
available on certain types of devices; e.g. TX but not TT or LTA).
If the device is connected to a modem, and is to be used for dialing
out, also include the /MODEM qualifier:
$ SET TERMINAL ddcu:/PERMANENT/ALTYPEAHD/DMA/MODEM
The modem must also be configured to make DSR follow CD. In modems
that use the Hayes AT command set, the command is AT&S1. If you can't
configure your modem this way, then VMS will hang up on it during the
dialing process, preventing you from completing calls (C-Kermit's DIAL
command will make this setting in the modem for you on a per-call
basis, but only if this information is in its internal modems
database; tell C-Kermit to SET MODEM TYPE xxx and then SHOW MODEM to
find out). A less desirable workaround is to configure the modem to
ignore DTR (AT&D0), but this can block normal hangup methods even when
you want to use them, thus opening security loopholes. A third
possibility is to jumper the CD and DSR wires in your modem cable.
If the VMS port is not connected to a modem or other data
communications device that follows the RS-232 (V.24) signaling
conventions, or if the VMS port does not have a full complement of
RS-232 wires (which are lacking in modular MMJ ports, for example),
you might have to set the /NOMODEM qualifier instead:
$ SET TERMINAL ddcu:/PERMANENT/ALTYPEAHD/DMA/NOMODEM
Even with these settings you might experience what UNIX users know
fondly as "getty babble", which occurs when logins are enabled on the
device. This occurs with Kermit, SET HOST/DTE, or any other method of
communication; for example, AT<CR> is sent to the modem, the modem
echoes AT<CRLF> and then says OK<CRLF>. VMS thinks a user named AT is
trying to log in with a password of OK, and says "User authorization
failure", but the modem echoes this too, and so on, back and forth,
many times, maybe forever. Reportedly, this can be prevented by giving
the SECURE attribute to the port in question, e.g.:
$ SET TERMINAL ddcu:/PERMANENT/SECURE
which disables logins on the port until a BREAK signal is received.
Additionally, for non-privileged users to access a terminal device,
they need to be granted access to it. The default for terminals is
access only by users with SYSTEM privileges (UIC group less than or
equal to MAXSYSGROUP, or with SYSPRV privilege). See the VMS
documentation for the SET PROTECTION command for more information.
Note that if you grant everyone access to the port, anyone can make
phone calls via the modem, so you might want to limit this to
particular users, possibly by using a device ACL (VMS V5.0 and later
only).
3.4. Configuring LAT Devices
In this discussion, we are using a DECserver 700-16 (the kind with
RJ45 connectors that lack a full complement of modem signals). (For
examples of configuring the DECserver 200, also see [34]Section 5.)
3.4.1. Connecting a LAT Port to a PC
We'll begin by connecting a PC's serial port to DECserver Port 2.
Commands are given at the DECserver's console, normally Port 1. In
case it is a new DECserver and you haven't yet given it a name:
Local> set privilege
Local> define server name latbox
Local> initialize delay 0
We'll be using the server name "latbox" in the examples. Now set up
port minimally for a test:
Local> define port 2 autobaud disable
Local> define port 2 speed 19200
Local> define port 2 signal check disable
Local> logout port 2
Then:
1. Plug a BN25G-04 cable into LAT port 2.
2. Plug the appropriate adapter (H8585-something) into the other end
and connect it to the PC's serial port. In this case, the PC has a
DB-9, so we use the H8585-AA.
3. Start Kermit on the PC and tell it to:
SET PORT COM1 (or whatever)
SET SPEED 19200
SET FLOW NONE
SET CARRIER OFF
CONNECT
4. Press the Enter key. You should see the Local> prompt, and you
should be able to type commands, e.g. to connect to your VMS
system.
OK, so it works in local mode. If not, check your cabling. Now to set
it up for remote mode, i.e. to allow VMS to make a connection to the
PC through the DECserver port:
Local> change port 2 access remote
Local> show port 2
Take note of the port's name; by default it is PORT_2, but you can
change it to anything you like with:
Local> change port 2 name blah
We'll stick with PORT_2 in this discussion.
With Kermit on the PC is still in CONNECT mode, do:
Local> test port 2
This should put a test pattern on PC screen.
Now to set up the port for use from VMS. First enable SYSPRV, CMKRNL,
LOG_IO, and SYSNAM privileges, then:
$ run sys$system:latcp
LATCP> create port lta600:
LATCP> set port lta600: /application /node=latbox /port=port_2 /noqueue
LATCP> exit
The /NODE switch gives the nodename of the DECserver; the /PORT switch
gives the port *name* (not number) of the port on the DECserver. The
/NOQUEUE switch is important; otherwise if somebody does "set port
lta600" when it is in use, they will sit there and wait until it
becomes free.
Then in VMS:
$ set terminal LTA600: /permanent /fullduplex /altypeahd /speed=19200
This sets the typeahead buffer and makes the speeds match. You can use
LATCP again to verify the setup:
$ run sys$system:latcp
LATCP> show port lta600:
Target Port Name: PORT_2 Actual Port Name:
Target Node Name: LATBOX Actual Node Name:
Target Service Name: Actual Service Name:
(Use "show port" without any port number to look at all defined LAT
ports.)
That's it. Now start kermit and assign the port:
$ kermit
C-Kermit> set line lta600:
C-Kermit> show communications
This should display the name and speed of the LAT device, as
configured above. Then to make the connection:
C-Kermit> connect
Type some characters to VMS C-Kermit -- you should see them come out
on the PC's screen. Type some characters on the PC keyboard and they
should come out on VMS C-Kermit's screen.
On the PC, escape back to the Kermit prompt and type "show comm" or
"show modem" to see what modem signals are being presented by the
connection. DECservers that have 25-pin serial connectors, such as the
200 and the 700-8, can do full modem control, but those with mini
connectors, such as the 700-16, make you choose between limited sets
of modem signals; the DECserver can be configured for either hardware
flow control (recommended for high-speed connections) or DTR/CD
(allowing each end of the connection to tell when the other end has
hung up), but you can't have both. On the DECserver, use:
Local> define port 2 signal select xxx
where xxx is CTS-DSR-RTS-DTR or RI-DCD-DSR-DTR, to select the desired
complement of modem signals; the first one for hardware flow control,
the second one for ring/hangup control.
Local> define port 2 signal control enable
Local> logo port 2
On the PC, use "show comm" to make sure the PC sees the CTS signal. If
so, tell Kermit to:
set flow rts/cts
Then put the PC Kermit in server mode and, using VMS C-Kermit as
client, transfer some files. Experiment with window size, packet
length, and unprefixing to achieve the highest transfer rate. Then
experiment with higher serial speeds -- this will require a LATCP
command on VMS, "change port" and "logout port" commands on the
DECserver, and a "set speed" command in PC Kermit.
3.4.2. Setting Up a Dialout Port
Now let's connect a modem to DECserver Port 3 for high-speed data
transfer (RTS/CTS, but no RI/CD). In this example the modem is a USR
Courier.
Connect port 3 (in this case with BN25G-04 cable with an H8585-AC
adapter) to the modem. Then at the DECserver:
Local> set privilege
Local> define port 3 autobaud disable
Local> define port 3 speed 38400
Local> define port 3 signal select cts
Local> define port 3 signal check enable
Local> define port 3 access remote
Local> define port 3 name dialout
Local> logout port 3
Local> show port 3
Back at VMS:
$ run sys$system:latcp
LATCP> create port lta601:
LATCP> set port lta601: /application /node=latbox /port=dialout /noqueue
LATCP> exit
$ set terminal LTA601: /permanent /fullduplex /altypeahd /speed=38400
Now start C-Kermit and assign the port:
$ kermit
C-Kermit> set modem type usr
C-Kermit> set line lta601:
C-Kermit> show comm ; Speed should be 38400
C-Kermit> set dial display on ; To verify modem dialog
C-Kermit> dial 7654321
And off you go.
For other configurations, refer to your DECserver and LATCP
documentation. You can set up port "hunt groups", you can assign
logical names to the VMS ports, which can refer to single LAT ports or
entire hunt groups, and so on. You can even define "bidirectional"
ports for both calling in and calling out, but these are difficult to
troubleshoot when there are problems.
3.4.3. DECservers and Telnet
DECservers that support TCP/IP connections can be used by C-Kermit for
shared dialout modem access. The DECserver can be configured for this
using a command like:
CHANGE TELNET LISTENER 2001 PORT 1 ENABLE
This associates TCP socket 2001 with serial port 1 on the DECserver.
Then you can use Kermit to Telnet to port 2001 on the DECserver and
dial the modem that is on the DECserver's serial port 1.
If you cannot get reverse LAT working, but LAT is working, it is still
possible to use Kermit via LAT so long as your system (and Kermit)
support TCP. Start Kermit, tell it to "set host localhost" (the TCP
loopback name). In connect mode you can log back on to the same system
(see the cautions in [35]Using C-Kermit about "C-Kermit in the
Middle").
Then you can use SET HOST/LAT from the CONNECT session to dial out,
login to the remote system and start the remote Kermit. Now go back to
the original Kermit session to transfer the files. You should try it
first with SET PREFIXING ALL in C-Kermit, and probably also SET PARITY
SPACE, and relatively short packets. If that works, you can try
settings that give higher performance at your own risk.
3.5. The Virtual Terminal Driver
For incoming modem connections, it can be very useful if the VMS
system is set up to support Virtual Terminals. Once these have been
set up, then if an incoming connection fails because of line problems,
it should be possible to reconnect to the original session by
redialling and logging in again. You should then get a prompt asking
if you wish to connect to your disconnected session, allowing you to
resume where you left off. You should see something like this:
You have the following disconnected process:
Terminal Process name Image name
VTA456: ABCDEF (none)
Connect to above listed process [YES]: Y
Connecting to terminal _VTA456:
ABCDEF>
There is a timeout of something like an hour, after which the
disconnected session is deleted entirely.
[If on re-dialing the host you find you are reconnected to the
original session without needing to login, then that host has a
security problem, as well as a misconfigured DECserver and/or modem or
lead...]
The virtual terminal driver is loaded at startup (or later) using
SYSGEN or SYSMAN as appropriate. The definition for TTY_DEFCHAR2 in
MODPARAMS.DAT also needs to be changed to set the appropriate bit to
enable the disconnect processing by default on all terminals. [This
change needs a reboot.]
Something like the following should work (check the VMS manuals):
VAX:
$ MCR SYSGEN VTA0/NOADAPTER/DRIVER=TTDRIVER
Alpha:
$ MCR SYSMAN IO CONNECT VTA0/NOADAPTER -
/DRIVER=SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES:SYS$TTDRIVER.EXE
MODPARAMS.DAT:
TTY_DEFCHAR2 = 135170 ! = %x21002. Check the manual!
(%x20000 = Disconnect, %x1000 = Line Edit, %x2 = Autobaud)
3.6. Captive Accounts and Restricted Access
Some VMS sites restrict users from getting at the DCL prompt and
services by setting their accounts to be "captive". This should
automatically prevent C-Kermit's DCL-access commands (such as PUSH)
from working. Any attempt to execute such a command should result in
C-Kermit issuing an error message. Should a user circumvent this, VMS
will automatically terminate the user's process. In addition to
CAPTIVE, accounts can also be set to RESTRICTED, to disable all types
of spawning. Note that DEC says that RESTRICTED is only used "to
ensure users complete login processing without interruption". DEC
further states that they intend to modify VMS utilities to no longer
prohibit spawning in a future release.
Further, you should be aware that preventing users from getting to DCL
only provides an illusion of security. There are many ways of getting
to DCL which are non-obvious. For cases where absolute security is
required, you should in- vestigate the AUTHORIZE flags CAPTIVE and
DISIMAGE. Consult the VMS Security Manual for more information.
C-Kermit itself can be configured to prevent system access, by
compiling it with the NOPUSH option (for this you would have to edit
CKVKER.COM file and add a definition for the symbol NOPUSH to the
CFLAGS). This disables not only the PUSH command and its synonyms
(RUN, @, SPAWN), but also OPEN !READ, OPEN !WRITE, as well as the
server's execution of REMOTE HOST commands. See CKCCFG.DOC for further
information.
There is also a runtime approach for this: put the (invisible) command
NOPUSH someplace where it will always be executed; for example, the
system-wide CKERMIT.INI file, or in the "kermit" command definition:
$ KERMIT :== "$SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT ""-C"" ""NOPUSH"""
You can also define the logical name (environment variable) CK_NOPUSH
to achieve the same effect.
The NOPUSH command does at runtime exactly what defining the NOPUSH
symbol at compile time does.
[ [36]Contents ] [ [37]C-Kermit ] [ [38]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
4. DECODING VMS C-KERMIT HEX FILES
If you have obtained the executable VMS C-Kermit program encoded in
printable "hex" format on magnetic tape or over a network, you can
decode it back into a runnable .EXE program image using the CKVDEH.MAR
program. This is an assembly-language program for the VAX or Alpha,
which you should assemble, link, and run as follows:
$ macro ckvdeh (on the Alpha, substitute "macro/migrate ckvdeh")
$ link ckvdeh
$ run ckvdeh
CKVDEH prompts you for the input file name and then creates a .EXE
file with the same root name. For example, if you enter CKVKER.HEX as
the source file, the resulting executable will be CKVKER.EXE. This
procedure works on both the VAX and the Alpha -- the same program,
CKVDEH.MAR, compiles and runs on both platforms.
The C-Kermit .EXE files were built under VAX/(Open)VMS 5.x and Alpha
OpenVMS 1.x (whenever possible; otherwise under 6.1). The VAX versions
will not run under pre-5.0 VMS releases. If you have a VMS 4.x system
with C compiler, however, you should be able to build C-Kermit using
the CKVOLD.COM procedure.
Since VMS C-Kermit can be built with no TCP/IP support or with support
for several different TCP/IP packages, and it can be built on both the
VAX and Alpha platforms, you should pick the right .HEX file for your
environment.
The naming conventions are as follows:
CKVaKER-VMSnn-tttvv.xxx
where:
CKV = "C-Kermit for VMS".
a = architecture: A for Alpha, V for VAX.
KER = Kermit
nn = VMS version, e.g. 55 for VMS 5.5, 70 for VMS 7.0.
ttt = TCP/IP product, if any:
CMU = CMU-OpenVMS/IP ("CMU/Tek")
UCX = Compaq (DEC) TCP/IP(*)
PST = Process Software TCPware
TGV = Process Software (Cisco (TGV)) MultiNet(*)
WIN = Attachmate (Wollongong) WIN/TCP (PathWay)(*)
vv = The version number of the TCP/IP product (may be 2 or more characters)
xxx = HEX (text-encoded binary) or EXE (true binary)
When there is no TCP/IP support built in, tttvv is "NONET".
* It's a bit of a task to keep up with all the buyouts and renaming.
Any of these companies or products can be snapped up and/or
renamed at any time, and most of them have been, including DEC
itself.
Examples:
CKVVKER-VMS55-NONET.HEX: VAX, VMS 5.5, no TCP/IP, hex format.
CKVAKER-VMS62-TGV40.EXE: Alpha, VMS 6.2, Multinet 4.0, binary format.
Not every combination is necessarily available. In general, an .EXE
built under a certain version of VMS will also run under later VMS
versions, but the opposite is usually not true. Also, if a version was
built under the same VMS version that you have, but with a higher ECO
level (OS or library patches), it might not run.
So try to pick one that was built under a VMS version less than or
equal to yours, and with the the same TCP/IP product you have having
with a version number less than or equal to yours. If that doesn't
work, try the next earlier one, etc. If you can't find one for your
TCP/IP product, try the lowest-numbered UCX (DEC TCP/IP) version; most
third-party TCP/IP products also support UCX applications. In any
case, after getting the appropriate executable onto your VMS disk,
rename it to KERMIT.EXE, e.g.:
$ RENAME CKVAKER-VMS62-TGV40.EXE KERMIT.EXE
The "labeled file converter" is simple; it comes in a VAX version,
CKVVCVT-VMSnn.{HEX,EXE}, and an Alpha version,
CKVACVT-VMSnn.{HEX,EXE}. Rename it to CKVCVT.EXE so VAX and Alpha
users don't have to use different names for the same program.
[ [39]Contents ] [ [40]C-Kermit ] [ [41]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
5. INSTALLING VMS C-KERMIT
VMS C-Kermit must be installed on your VMS system by hand. There is no
VMSINSTAL kit because it would have to include many megabytes of
differently- configured executables to choose from, and many of
system-configuration items discussed above are best done by the system
manager manually, in privileged mode, after some thought and
consideration.
IMPORTANT: DO NOT INSTALL VMS C-KERMIT AS A PRIVILEGED PROGRAM!
Instead, install it as a foreign command.
To install C-Kermit, follow this procedure:
1. If you have the old Bliss Kermit-32 on your system, rename it to
KERMIT32.EXE. If you have a symbol KERMIT defined to run
Kermit-32, change the symbol name to KERMIT32.
2. Identify the directory where you want to install the C-Kermit
program. Normally this would be a directory that is unaffected by
installation of DEC software, such as SYS$TOOLS =
SYS$SYSDEVICE[SYSTOOLS]. From now on, we will assume you are using
SYS$TOOLS:.
3. Copy the desired .EXE file (VAX or Alpha, with the appropriate
networking support) to that directory, rename it to KERMIT.EXE,
and give users permission to run it, for example:
$ COPY CKVVKER-VMS55-UCX20.EXE SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT.EXE
$ SET PROTECTION=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G:RE,W:RE) SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT.EXE
If Kermit is going to be used a lot, you can have it preloaded and
its pure memory segments shared:
$ INSTALL ADD SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT.EXE/OPEN/HEADER/SHARE
4. Copy the standard CKERMIT.INI file to the same directory:
$ COPY CKERMIT.INI SYS$TOOLS:
$ SET PROTECTION=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G:RE,W:RE) SYS$TOOLS:CKERMIT.INI
5. Add the following line to SYS$COMMON:[SYSMGR]SYSTARTUP_V5.COM (or
whatever your system startup file is):
$ DEFINE/SYSTEM CKERMIT_INI SYS$TOOLS:CKERMIT.INI
6. Find your system-wide login DCL command procedure:
$ SHOW LOGICAL SYS$SYLOGIN
"SYS$SYLOGIN" = "SYS$TOOLS:SYLOGIN.COM" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)
and then add the following line to it:
$ KERMIT :== $SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT
This defines SYS$TOOLS:KERMIT.EXE as a "foreign command".
NOTE: VMS 6.2 and later support automatic creation of foreign
commands by placing the corresponding .EXE (or .COM) files in any
directory that is included in the DCL$PATH logical name; e.g.:
$ DEFINE DCL$PATH SYS$DISK:[],DISK1:[TOOLS],SYS$SYSTEM:
7. Install the C-Kermit HELP file in your VMS HELP library. First
delete any earlier KERMIT help entry, then install the new one:
$ LIBRARY/HELP/DELETE=KERMIT SYS$HELP:HELPLIB.HLB
$ LIBRARY/INSERT/HELP SYS$HELP:HELPLIB.HLB CKVKER.HLP
8. Create a publicly accessible directory, such as [KERMIT], in which
to make other C-Kermit files available to your users:
CKERMIT.KDD
Sample dialing directory file.
CKERMIT.KSD
Sample services directory.
CKERMIT.KND
Sample network directory.
CKEDEMO.KSC
Macro definitions from "Using C-Kermit".
CKEVT.INI
Command file to demonstrate special screen effects from
"Using C-Kermit".
CKCKER.UPD
A supplement to the book, "Using C-Kermit", describing
features added since the book was published.
CKCKER.BWR
The general C-Kermit beware file.
CKVKER.BWR
The VMS-specific C-Kermit beware file.
If the Kermit program is not installed as a "foreign command" as
in (6) above, you can still RUN it, but you can't pass
command-line arguments to it this way. However, you can pass
command-line arguments if you invoke it with the MCR command:
$ mcr kermit -s oofa.txt ; (assumes "kermit.exe" in sys$system)
or:
$ mcr disk1:[olga]kermit -s oofa.txt ; (explicit path given)
[ [42]Contents ] [ [43]C-Kermit ] [ [44]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
6. USING MODEMS
If you have a VAX or Alpha with a real serial port (DB-9 or DB-25),
you can use it with a modem. If your machine has MMJ (assymetrical
RJ-45) modular jack sockets (like a VAXstation 3100), you won't be
able to make very good use of modems since these ports do not support
modem signals.
Before attempting to use a modem on port (say) TTA0, you (or the
system manager) will need to configure the port as a modem port:
$ SET TERMINAL TTA0 /MODEM /ALTYP /PERM
From section 5.2.3.1 of the I/O User's Reference Manual:
Remote terminal connections have a timeout feature for the security
of dial-up lines. If no channel is assigned to the port within 30
seconds, or a port with an assigned channel is not allocated, the
DTR signal is dropped. Such action prevents an unused terminal from
tying up a line. However, there are configurations (such as a
printer connected to a remote line) in which the line should not be
dropped even though it is not being used interactively. To bypass
the 30-second timeout, set the system generation parameter
TTY_DIALTYPE to 4. (Note that if TTY_DIALTYPE is equal to 4, all
dial-up lines will skip the timeout waiting for a channel to be
assigned.)
The following is reprinted by permission; references to Kermit-32 are
obsolete.
How to Use a MODEM With Your VMS System
Richard B. Gilbert
Computer Systems Consultant
76702.1567@CompuServe.Com Revised July 30, 1996
Most MODEMs come with factory defaults intended for dialout use with
PCs. The MODEM is typically set to ignore DTR; e.g., assume that it is
always asserted and to assert CD at all times regardless of the actual
state of the received carrier. The user is not required to do much, if
anything, to get it to work. Such a MODEM requires some configuration
before it will work properly, or at all, with a VMS System.
Be sure that the serial port you are using supports MODEM control
signals. On the DMF32, for example, only ports 0 and 1 can be used
with MODEMS. These ports on the DMF32 must have DIP switches set to
enable MODEM control signals. The VAXStation 3100 does NOT support
MODEM control! (It is possible to use a MODEM but the VAXstation
cannot detect the loss of the connection; the next person to dial in
could find himself logged in to your account!) The MicroVAX 3100 does
support MODEM control. As a general rule, anything with a DEC Modified
Modular Jack (MMJ) connector does not support full MODEM control; the
MMJ has only six pins and nine are required. Eight pin RJ45 connectors
are sometimes used; e.g. on some models of the DECserver 700, where a
choice is offered as to the signals supported.
Connect the MODEM with a cable that supports MODEM control signals,
such as Digital's BC22E. The BC22F, connecting all twenty-five pins,
is overkill but will work quite well. A twenty-five conductor ribbon
cable will also work but a shielded cable is highly recommended in
order to comply with Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) requirements.
Note that while it was possible to "fake it" with VMS V4.x and
earlier, VMS V5 requires that all of the MODEM control signals be
connected. (Pins 2-8, 20 and 22 should be connected straight through;
i.e., 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, ...). If you are forced to sacrifice one signal,
try RI (Ring Indicator) first. For reference, here is the standard
pinout for the RS-232-C DB-25 connector.
Pin Description
1 Protective ground (may be connected to shield at ONE end only)
2* Transmitted data (TxD)
3* Received data (RxD)
4* Request to send (RTS)
5* Clear to send (CTS)
6* Data set ready (DSR)
7* Signal ground
8* Carrier detect (CD)
12 Speed Mode Indicate (or secondary CD)
15 Synchronous transmit clock
17 Synchronous receive clock
19 Speed select (or secondary RTS)
20* Data terminal ready (DTR)
22* Ring indicator (RI)
23 Data Signal Rate Select (DSRS)
It should be noted that not all devices connect or support all these
pins and not all those listed are necessary for "full MODEM control".
The pins marked with an asterisk are generally essential to
satisfactory and secure operation of your modem.
You will need to make some switch settings on your MODEM. The
following settings are for a U.S. Robotics Courier V32bis FAX Modem.
Other U.S. Robotics MODEMs use quite similar switch numbers and
settings. Other manufacturers may use different switch numbers but the
functions available are typical. See your MODEM's instruction manual
for the sordid details. The settings marked with an asterisk are
critical to the successful use of your MODEM. Some settings can also
be made from the CPU via the MODEM's AT command set, in which case the
hardware switch settings determine the MODEM's power on defaults. The
AT commands in parentheses, following the switch settings, are the
commands for a U.S. Robotics Courier HST Dual Standard MODEM. Check
your manual for the proper commands for your MODEM.
1. (*) DTR Normal (controlled by CPU) (AT&D2&W)
2. Verbal result codes (Useful during dialout) (ATV1)
3. (*) Do not display result codes (Quiet mode) (ATQ1)
4. Echo off line commands (Useful during dialout) (ATE1)
5. (*) Auto answer (MODEM will answer the phone if DTR is asserted)
(ATS0=1)
6. (*) Normal Carrier detect (controlled by MODEM) (AT&C1&W)
7. Display originate result codes only.
8. Normal At command set (Must be enabled for auto dial.)
9. Online after +++
10. Load NVRAM defaults on power up.
Many users have observed a VMS System dropping DTR (Data Terminal
Ready) while a user is trying to dial in, causing the MODEM to hang up
the phone. The terminal driver will drop DTR if it sees DSR (Data Set
Ready) for more than thirty seconds, without also seeing CD (Carrier
Detect). If it is possible to configure the MODEM so that it does not
assert DSR until it asserts CD (AT &S1&W), do so. Otherwise it will be
necessary to use a modified cable. At the VAX end of the cable, cut
the wire leading to pin 6 (DSR) and jumper pin 6 to pin 8 (CD).
Commands similar to the following should be placed in your
SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM (SYSTARTUP_V5.COM for VMS V5.X) file to
set up an asynchronous port for use with a MODEM. You may want to add
some more qualifiers but this will get you going.
$ SET TERMINAL -
/PERMANENT - ! Make settings permanent
/MODEM - ! Use MODEM control signals
/DIALUP - ! Gives the DIALUP identifier to user.
/HANGUP - ! Hang up the phone when user logs off
/AUTOBAUD - ! Detect the user's baud rate and set it.*
/ALTYPEAHD - ! Use the alternate typeahead buffer. The
! alternate typeahead buffer can be made larger
! than the regular one. This is helpful if you
! are doing file transfers. See SYSGEN parameter
! TTY_ALTYPAHD.
/HOSTSYNC - ! VMS System will send XOFF when its buffer is
! nearly full and XON when it is ready for more
! input. See SYSGEN parameter TTY_ALTALARM.
_TXA0:
$ SET SECURITY /CLASS=DEVICE /PROTECTION=W:R ! VMS V6
! Sets device protection to allow non-privileged
! users to allocate the device for dialing out.
! Otherwise user must own device or hold SYSPRV.
or
$ SET PROTECTION=W:R /DEVICE ! VMS V5
* Many modern MODEMs are capable of using a fixed DTE rate to talk
to the computer; e.g. if they are set to 19200, they will talk to
the computer at 19200 regardless of what speed they are using to
talk to the remote MODEM. This feature has performance
implications for MODEMs that do data compression using either
CCITT V.41 or MNP. For such MODEMs, set a speed that is at least
four times the rated DCE speed of the MODEM or the highest
available speed using /SPEED=xxxxx rather than using /AUTOBAUD.
The MODEM must be set to use the corresponding speed. The U.S.
Robotics Courier series are set to a particular DTE rate by the
most recent AT&W command; the rate set is the current speed of the
port. See your MODEM's instructions for details.
The following commands should probably go in SYS$SYLOGIN, your
system-wide login command file:
$! Test for interactive or batch mode
$!
$ IF F$MODE() .NES. "INTERACTIVE" THEN GOTO 10$
$! Set up device dependant terminal characteristics. This only works
$! if the terminal responds to ANSI Device Attributes (DA) control string.
$! Most DEC terminals (VT1xx, VT2xx, VT3xx, VT4xx, VT5xx, LAxxx) and
$! compatibles will do so.
$ IF F$GETDVI("TT", "TT_MODEM") THEN $ SET TERMINAL /INQUIRE
$ 10$:
**************************************************************************
To set the terminal for temporary dialout use, execute the following
commands:
$ ALLOCATE TXA0: KER$COMM ! Logical is useful for Kermit-32.
$ SPEED="''P1'"
$! Default to 1200 baud. ! Pick a suitable default value.
$ IF SPEED .EQ. "" THEN SPEED=1200
$ SET TERMINAL /NOAUTOBAUD /SPEED='SPEED' KER$COMM:
You may need to add a /NOECHO qualifier if your terminal program is
too stupid to read with no echo. It is not necessary with SET
HOST/DTE, KERMIT, XMODEM, or HOST32.
To support a MODEM on a DECServer 200:
1. Set up the terminal server as follows: (assuming port 8)
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 ACCESS DYNAMIC AUTOBAUD DISABLED
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 DSRLOGOUT DISABLED FLOWCONTROL XON
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 INACTIVITY ENABLED MODEM ENABLED
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 SIGNAL CHECK ENABLED
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 SPEED 2400 ALTERNATE SPEED 1200
Local> DEFINE PORT 8 DIALUP ENABLED
Local> LOGOUT PORT 8
Local> DEFINE SERVICE service_name PORT 8 IDENT "string"
Local> SET SERVICE service_name PORT 8 IDENT "string"
Other port characteristics may be defined "to taste".
2. Insert the following statements in SYS$STARTUP:LAT$SYSTARTUP.COM
(SYS$MANAGER:LTLOAD.COM for VMS V5.4 and below):
CREATE PORT LTA100: /NOLOG
SET PORT LTA100: /APPLICATION /NODE=server_name /SERVICE=service_name -
/NOQUEUE /NOLOG
The LTA number is more or less arbitrary but must take into
account the fact that LAT startup creates a few ports temporarily
(starting at LTA1) and the number you choose must not conflict.
The server_name and service_name must correspond exactly to the
names used in the DECserver DEFINE SERVER server_name and DEFINE
SERVICE service_name commands!
3. Insert the following statements in SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM
(SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_V5.COM for VMS V5.X):
$!
$ @SYS$STARTUP:LAT$STARTUP.COM ! Start LAT.
$! Note that SYS$STARTUP:LAT$STARTUP.COM starts LAT and then invokes
$! LAT$SYSTARTUP.COM to complete the system specific part of the startup.
$! VMS V5.4 and below would use @SYS$MANAGER:LTLOAD.COM.
$!
$! Set up MODEM port on terminal server. The SET TERMINAL may not
$! be necessary at all since the DECserver DEFINE commands include equivalents
$! for everything except /ALTYPEAHD.
$ SET TERMINAL /PERMANENT /DIALUP /ALTYPEAHD /HOSTSYNC LTA100:
$ SET SECURITY /CLASS=DEVICE /PROTECTION=W:R LTA100:
4. Reboot or execute the commands in steps 2 and 3.
[ [45]Contents ] [ [46]C-Kermit ] [ [47]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
7. BUILDING VMS C-KERMIT FROM THE SOURCE CODE
C-Kermit is written in the C programming language. To build C-Kermit
on the VAX, you must have VAX C, DEC C, or GNU GCC. At some sites, the
C header files are archived in a VMS library and then VMS C-Kermit
might not be compilable. If the C compiler (preprocessor) complains
about not being able to find header files, you'll have to extract them
from the library. A sample DCL procedure for this can be found at the
end of this file.
WARNING: When building with GCC on a VMS system that has Multinet
installed, you must ensure that the GCC TIME.H file is used instead of
the Multinet TIME.H; otherwise there will be a fatal error in CKVTIO.C
at the declaration of "tcount", around line 450. Other warnings appear
to be harmless.
WARNING: DEC C 4.0 has a bug in which the XABALL struct member
xab$b_bkz (used in CKVFIO.C) is not defined. DEC gives a simple
example -- compiling the following code with DEC C using either /DECC
and /VAXC:
#include <rms.h>
struct XABALL xabDATAall;
int f() {
xabDATAall.xab$b_bkz = 63;
return 1;
}
Results in:
%CC-E-NEEDMEMBER, In this statement, "xab$b_bkz" is not a member of "xabDATAa
ll"
If you find that the above code produces the same problem on your
system, define BUGFILL7, e.g.:
@ckvker.com "" "" "BUGFILL7"
BEWARE: Certain versions of VAX C can generate incorrect code when a
function is used before it is declared, and it generates a return
value (via a return statement) that is not used; other functions might
have their entry masks (argument lists) corrupted. If you experience
bizarre behavior from a version of C-Kermit built with VAX C, try
recompiling with /OPT=NOINLINE and /NOOPT, or some other reduced
optimization level.
Both VAX C and DEC C are moving targets. A version of C-Kermit that
was built successfully with version x.y of the compiler almost always
fails to build under version x.y+1. Thus you will find increasing
numbers of #ifdefs in the code (mostly CKCNET.C and .H and the CKV*.*
modules) keyed on explicit C compiler version numbers. Note the form
of these carefully -- they have to be just right). Also note that you
can't use constructions like:
#if __DECC_VER >= 500000000
ANYWHERE in a portable module because neither "#if" nor relational
operators in preprocessor statements are portable.
The number of possible VMS C-Kermit configurations is large, perhaps
not even countable: VAX vs Alpha, VAXC vs DECC vs GCC, no network
support vs Multinet vs TCPware vs Wollongong vs UCX vs CMU/Tek, and
this release of VMS versus all the others. The kicker is in the
releases; for example DEC C 4.0 vs 4.1 vs 5.0 vs 5.3 (etc) versus the
TCP/IP product's header files, which themselves go through all sorts
of releases and patches. We can't guarantee that C-Kermit can be
successfully built on every combination, but in version 6.0 we are
much closer to that goal than ever before.
Before leaving this topic, let's look at how to find out the relevant
version numbers. SHOW SYSTEM (among other commands) tells you the VMS
version number. To find the C version number, try:
$ CC /VER
which works for recent DECC versions, or:
$ CC NLA0: /NOOBJ /VERSION
or (when the above doesn't work):
$ CC/LIST=FOO SYS$INPUT
^Z
and then look at the first line of FOO.LIS.
The method for finding out the TCP/IP product version number depends
on the product. For Multinet:
$ MU SHOW /VERSION
For DEC TCP/IP (UCX) versions 3.0 and later:
$ UCX SHOW VERSION
For earlier releases, or ones where the above command doesn't work,
try:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:UCX$VERSIONS
or:
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE SYS$SYSTEM:*BGDRIVER
or:
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES:*BGDRIVER
For others: (somebody please fill this in)
Before trying to compile, make sure you've got the disk space and
quotas, etc, that are needed. In version 6.0 and later, you'll
probably need as much as 8 or 10 megabytes for all the sources,
objects, and binaries.
The User Authorization File (UAF) parameters of the account in which
C-Kermit will be built must be set to accomodate the large size of
some source modules. Recommended values are:
PAGE FILE QUOTA: at least 60000
Working set extent: at least 5012
To modify: Suppose a user KERMIT is the VMS account from which Kermit
is maintained. To set these values, the system manager must do the
following:
$ set default sys$system
$ mcr authorize
UAF> modify kermit/pgflquo=60000/wsextent=5012
UAF> exit
If errors such as:
%cc-f-text Virtual Memory limits exceeded
occur during the build procedure, these parameters may need adjustment
(upwards).
To build C-Kermit, create a new directory and make it your current
directory:
$ CREATE/DIR [.KERMIT]
$ SET DEFAULT [.KERMIT]
and put the C-Kermit source files and build procedures there, for
example by copying them from the distribution tape or cartridge.
Two build procedures are provided for C-Kermit 6.0 and later; one
(CKVOLD.COM) for VMS 4.x, the other (CKVKER.COM) for VMS 5.0 and
later. The two are equivalent except for syntax, and should work
everywhere. No extra products (MAKE, MMS, MMK, etc) are required (but
MMS or MMK will be used if present). The auxilliary file CKVKER.MMS is
used if MMS or MMK are present. To build C-Kermit:
$ @CKVKER (or @CKVOLD)
Please read the comments at the top of CKVKER.COM itself for further
instructions and information.
NOTE: if you get messages like this in the link step:
%LINK-I-OPENIN, Error opening SYS$COMMON:[SYSLIB]VAXCRTLG.OLB; as input,
%RMS-E-FNF, file not found
%LINK-I-OPENIN, Error opening SYS$COMMON:[SYSLIB]VAXCRTL.OLB; as input,
%RMS-E-FNF, file not found
it probably means you have a LNK$LIBRARY symbol defined in your job
(or system-wide) and the definition is inappropriate. DEASSIGN it if
possible. If not, and if the LINK step produced no other error
messages, and the WERMIT.EXE binary seems to run OK, then you can
ignore the error messages.
If you get huge amounts of warnings like:
getsockname(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&l_sa,&slen);
............^
%CC-W-PTRMISMATCH, In this statement, the referenced type of the pointer
value "&slen" is "int", which is not compatible with "unsigned int".
at line number 5870 in file DISK$USRG:[FDC.KERMIT]CKCNET.C;20
this indicates that some essential header file is not being executed,
which can happen for all sorts of reasons (usually some symbol was
defined by some other header file that interferes with a subsequent
one). The trick here is to get an include-file listing, which is
possible with DECC (maybe VAXC too):
@ckvker.com "" "" "" /LIST/SHOW=INCLUDE
and then look through the CK????.LIS file of the offending module.
7.1. Programming Tips
For testing the DEC C version number:
#ifdef __DECC_VER
#if (__DEC_VER >= 050100000)
blah
#endif
#endif
Note: the version number is vvuuteeee; vv is the major version (like
5), uu is the update number (like the "3" in 5.3), t is a code for
field test, real release, etc, and eeee is the edit suffix. This is
available only in DECC 5.0 and later. It also has a __VMS_VER... Note
#2: Remember not to add a leading zero because that changes it to
octal.
7.2. VMS TCP/IP Networking Support for C-Kermit
VMS C-Kermit is capable of establishing TCP/IP TELNET connections and
acting as a TELNET program with built-in file transfer, script
programming, character-set translation, etc, if it is built
appropriately. If you have one of the following products installed on
your system, complete with libraries and header files:
1. DEC TCP/IP (UCX)
2. TGV MultiNet TCP/IP
3. Wollongong WIN/TCP or PathWay
4. Process Software TCPware
5. CMU-OpenVMS/IP with Mike O'Malley's sockets library
then you can include TCP/IP capability in your version of VMS
C-Kermit.
The TCP/IP product is selected automatically by the build procedure
based on the presence or absence of certain files on your system. To
override the automatic selection, define the symbol NET_OPTION in one
of the following ways before running the build procedure:
$ NET_OPTION = "NONET" ! Build with no TCP/IP networking support
$ NET_OPTION = "CMU_TCPIP" ! Build with CMU/Tek TCP/IP networking support
$ NET_OPTION = "DEC_TCPIP" ! Build with DEC TCP/IP (UCX) support
$ NET_OPTION = "MULTINET" ! Build with TGV MultiNet TCP/IP support
$ NET_OPTION = "TCPWARE" ! Build with Process Software TCPware support
$ NET_OPTION = "WINTCP" ! Build with WIN/TCP or PathWay support
That is, type one of the commands listed above at the DCL prompt
(shown above as "$") before running the build procedure. You can also
force a "NONET" build with the CKVKER.COM "N" command-line option.
Note: If you are building a version with TCP/IP support, and you have
the required TCP/IP libraries and header files, but the #include files
can't be found at compile time, then maybe they were put into a text
library, in which case you need to unpack the include-file library
into separate files using the VMS LIBRARY command.
7.2.1. DEC TCP/IP (UCX) If the C-Kermit build procedure does not notice
that you have DEC TCP/IP installed when you really do, it is likely because
the file SYS$STARTUP:UCX$STARTUP.COM is read-protected (e.g. because your
site runs DECinspect). Turn on READONLY privilege.
If the DEC TCP/IP version of KERMIT.EXE crashes immediately upon startup
with a message like:
%LIB-E-ACTIMAGE, error activating image
R4GRIE$DIA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSLIB]UCX$IPC_SHR.EXE;1
-SYSTEM-F-PRIVINSTALL
it means the system manager has to install the UCX sharable library:
INSTALL ADD SYS$SHARE:UCX$IPC_SHR.EXE
7.2.2. Wollongong / Attachmate TCP/IP Wollongong (now Attachmate (now
defunct)) support should work for both new (PathWay) and older (WIN/TCP)
versions, and C-Kermit versions linked under older Wollongong versions
should still run under the newer version. But note that the pieces of the
Wollongong package are now unbundled -- you have to buy the runtime,
access, API, etc, pieces separately, and (of course) you need the API to
compile C-Kermit with Wollongong TCP/IP support.
C-Kermit 7.0 has been verified to build on VMS ... with Pathway 3.1 with a
few harmless warning messages, but the following change is required to the
Attachmate-supplied file TWG$TCP:[NETDIST.MISC]DEF.COM to remove the
definition of DECC$SYSTEM_INCLUDE:
$ diff twg$tcp:[netdist.misc]def.com
************
File TWG$COMMON:[NETDIST.MISC]DEF.COM;2
37 $! define decc$system_include twg$tcp:[netdist.include], -
38 $! twg$tcp:[netdist.include.sys]
39 $!
******
File TWG$COMMON:[NETDIST.MISC]DEF.COM;1
37 $ define decc$system_include twg$tcp:[netdist.include], -
38 twg$tcp:[netdist.include.sys]
39 $!
You can't build VMS C-Kermit with Wollongong TCP/IP support using GCC
due to the use of "noshare" in the Wollongong header files.
Reportedly, when building C-Kermit with WIN/TCP support with older
versions (5.1 and earlier?) of WIN/TCP, the symbol WIN$PERROR is
undefined at link time and the build fails. Workaround: change the one
reference to win$perror(), which occurs in the contti() function in
CKVTIO.C, to be simply perror().
7.2.3. TGV / Cisco / Process MultiNet If your VAX has the TGV MultiNet
TCP/IP networking product, CKVKER.COM automatically builds C-Kermit with
MultiNet TCP/IP support included. However:
* In older (pre-V3.1) MultiNet installations, the header files might
not be installed. Without these, C-Kermit will not build
correctly. The system manager can add Multinet 3.1 programming
support by installing MNETLIB031 from the Multinet distribution,
if licensed to do so.
* Anyone building the VMS version with certain versions of TGV
MultiNet support under VAX C 3.1 might get an error message about
conficting definitions of "time_t". This is because of a conflict
between DEC's <types.h> and MultiNet's <types.h> caused because
DEC changed the definition between VAX C 3.0 and 3.1. Kermit can't
do anything about this because CKVTIO.C #includes <time.h>, which
itself includes <types.h>. The warning is not fatal.
7.2.4. CMU-OpenVMS/IP CMU-OpenVMS/IP (CMUIP), originally CMU/Tek-TCP/IP, is
a public domain TCP/IP package originally developed at Carnegie-Mellon
University (CMU) by Tektronix (Tek). CMUIP was released to the public trust
in December 1992 as CMU-OpenVMS/IP and is now maintained by a diligent
group from around the Internet. Support is provided through the usenet
group:
vmsnet.networks.tcp-ip.cmu-tek
BSD socket support for C-Kermit is supported thanks to a new
CMU-OpenVMS/IP socket library written by Mike O'Malley of Digital
Equipment Corporation. If you have this library installed on your VMS
system, the build procedure will find the file
CMUIP_ROOT:[SYSLIB]LIBCMU.OLB and C-Kermit will be built automatically
with CMU-OpenVMS/IP support unless you define NET_OPTION to say
otherwise. The LIBCMU socket library can be found on the
kermit.columbia.edu anonymous ftp server.
[ [48]Contents ] [ [49]C-Kermit ] [ [50]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
8. CASE STUDY: ALPHA SETUP AND TEST RESULTS
Written by Peter Mossel.
Model number: DEC3000/400, a workstation with 64MB of memory.
Ports used: OPA1: (a MMJ connector for the alternate operator console)
TTA1: (a 25-pin male D-connector on the back)
Operating System: OpenVMS V1.0
Firmware: V1.1
Upon power-up, the console displays something like:
...
CPU OK KN15-BA V1.1-S11A IO20 sV1.0 DECchip 21064 P2.1
...
Testing setup 1: OPA1:
+-------+
| MMJ--- DECconnect cable ---MMJ H8571-A--- modem cable to PC
+-------+ (passive adapter)
In words, plug a DECconnect cable with MMJ plugs on both ends in the
alternate console port on the back of the DEC3000/400. Make sure S3 is
in the "up" position. The workstation screen is now the console
(OPA0:) and the extra port, OPA1:, is available for connecting a
terminal or printer. This MMJ plug is the only MMJ plug on the back of
this machine.
My other host for the test is a DECpc 466, a 66MHz i486 with DOS 5.0
and MS-DOS Kermit 3.12. The 466 has 2 serial ports, both 9-pin. I
attached a standard 9-pin to 25-pin modem cable (the ones that came
into existence with the IBM PC/AT which originally had only a 9-pin
serial port) to the serial port on the 466.
Now we must join a 25-pin connector and a MMJ connector. This is done
with a passive adapter (H8571-A) which converts the RS423 signalling
standard (balanced TX+ TX- RX+ RX-, DTR, DSR) to RS-232. All this is
fairly standard for DEC sites. Note that when connecting a modem to an
MMJ connector, we have only a subset of the required modem signals, so
this is not supported via MMJ. The other port (TTA1) has full modem
control. Note that the DECconnect cable always reverses TX and RX, so
it effectively functions as a NULL-modem cable.
Testing setup 2: TTA1
+-------+
| 25-pin D connector --- NULL modem cable to PC
+-------+
Use the (only) 25-pin D-connector on the back. Now we need a null
modem cable (see the Kermit book), and, because my PC has a 9-pin
serial port, I also need a 9-pin to 25-pin modem cable.
Testing setup 3: LAT
Connect the PC with a standard cable to the terminal server, which
speaks LAT to my DEC3000/400. The speed can be set up to 19200 baud
with the terminal server in use.
Test script for setup 1 and 2:
On DEC3000:
$ kermit
C-Kermit>set line xxx
(where xxx is OPA1 or TTA1)
C-Kermit>set speed 19200
On the PC:
C:\kermit
MS-Kermit>set port 1
MS-Kermit>set speed 19200
MS-Kermit>server
On the DEC3000:
C-Kermit>get test.fil
C-Kermit>finish
On the PC
MS-Kermit>quit
Test script for setup 3 (LAT):
On the PC
C:\kermit
MS-Kermit>set port 1
MS-Kermit>set speed 19200
MS-Kermit>connect
( Now log into DEC3000 as host )
$ kermit -x
( back to the PC )
MS-Kermit>get test.fil
MS-Kermit>bye
Results:
In all three cases, the data transfer speed is excellent. Over 80% of
the bandwidth of the communication channel is used for the file
transfer, sometimes even more. The DEC3000 is loaded with processes
(MOTIF, Sybase DBMS, NFS clients and servers,...) and heavy network
activity (DECnet, LAT, TCP/IP but no characters have ever been lost,
even when the DBMS fires up. No special SYSGEN parameters, just
configured for a normal workstation with MOTIF.
Notes:
1. Device protection
In a system like this out of the box, the device protection on
TTA1 and OPA1 does not allow an unprivileged user to use these
lines for DIAL-OUT from Kermit. Thus, the system manager must set
every time the system is rebooted:
$ set protection=w:rwlp/device OPA1:
$ set protection=w:rwlp/device TTA1:
Without these special protections, a terminal connected to these
ports will still be able to login and get the "Username:" prompt.
2. Console device speed
The Alpha VMS V1.0 cover letter mentions that the command
$ set terminal/speed=nnnn/perm/opa1:
will have no effect on the speed of OPA1. In practice, there is no
problem with Kermit file transfers. The data just get thru fine
and file transfers are OK. The release notes also mention that
setting the speed of OPA1 can be accomplished by setting the
console environment variable "tta1_baud" to the desired speed. See
the hardware guide on how to do this. The problem will be fixed in
a future release.
[ [51]Contents ] [ [52]C-Kermit ] [ [53]Kermit Home ]
________________________________________________________________________
9. MAKING AND USING VMSINSTAL KITS
(NOTE: This section is only for future reference, in case it becomes
practical to distribute VMSINSTAL kits for C-Kermit. For now, please
ignore.)
(The reason it isn't practical to build VMSINSTAL kits is that they
would be HUGE -- we have five networking options times two processors
(VAX and Alpha) times two choices of whether you want to build from
the source code or accept the included binary, and the resulting kit
still would not solve the many VMS configuration problems discussed
above.)
After building C-Kermit using one of the procedures outlined above,
execute the DCL procedure CKVMSI.COM to create a VMSINSTAL kit. This
kit can be created either with or without the source code. In any
case, it includes the C-Kermit executable program, the C-Kermit help
file (for installation in your HELP library), plus a sample
CKERMIT.INI (C-Kermit initialization) file, and release notes. You may
now install C-Kermit using the command:
@sys$update:vmsinstal kermit
It will prompt you for which components you want installed, and where
to put them. CKVMSI and CKVKIT were written by Terry Kennedy of Saint
Peters College.
________________________________________________________________________
9.1. Sample Header-File Extraction Procedure
This one is for VAX C, and probably needs a few more files extracted
from it than are shown below.
$!
$! XTRACTHD.COM
$! By Robert Weiner, Programming PLUS, rweiner@watsun.cc.columbia.edu
$! FEB-1992
$! Use this Extract Header command script to extract the VAXC header files
$! from sys$library:vaxcdef into the current directory inorder to compile
$! ckermit if you don't have the include files already in sys$library:
$! You must also modify the CKVKER.COM procedure to include
$! "CCFLAGS = /INC=([])" for this to work, ie. search current directory too.
$!
$ write sys$output "Extracting CKERMIT Include Files into Local Directory..."
$!
$lib /log /extract=CTYPE /output=CTYPE.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=DCDEF /output=DCDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=DESCRIP /output=DESCRIP.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=DEVDEF /output=DEVDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=DVIDEF /output=DVIDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=ERRNO /output=ERRNO.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=FILE /output=FILE.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=IN /output=IN.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=INET /output=INET.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=IODEF /output=IODEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=JPIDEF /output=JPIDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=LIMITS /output=LIMITS.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=NETDB /output=NETDB.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=RMS /output=RMS.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=SETJMP /output=SETJMP.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=SIGNAL /output=SIGNAL.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=SOCKET /output=SOCKET.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=SSDEF /output=SSDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STARLET /output=STARLET.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STAT /output=STAT.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STDIO /output=STDIO.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STDLIB /output=STDLIB.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STRING /output=STRING.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=STSDEF /output=STSDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=SYIDEF /output=SYIDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=TIME /output=TIME.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=TIMEB /output=TIMEB.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=TT2DEF /output=TT2DEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=TTDEF /output=TTDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=TYPES /output=TYPES.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$lib /log /extract=UAIDEF /output=UAIDEF.h sys$library:vaxcdef.tlb
$!
$! The end
$!
[ [54]Top ] [ [55]Contents ] [ [56]C-Kermit Home ] [ [57]C-Kermit 8.0
Overview ] [ [58]Kermit Home ]
_________________________________________________________________
C-Kermit 8.0 VMS Installation Instructions / The Kermit Project /
Columbia University / 12 Dec 2001
References
1. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
2. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
3. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
4. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html
5. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x1
6. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x2
7. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3
8. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.1
9. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.2
10. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.3
11. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.4
12. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.5
13. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3.6
14. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x4
15. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x5
16. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x6
17. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x7
18. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x7.1
19. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x7.2
20. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x8
21. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x9
22. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x3
23. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x4
24. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x5
25. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x5
26. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
27. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
28. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
29. ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/b
30. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
31. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
32. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
33. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
34. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#x5
35. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ck60manual.html
36. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
37. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
38. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
39. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
40. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
41. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
42. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
43. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
44. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
45. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
46. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
47. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
48. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
49. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
50. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
51. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
52. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
53. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html
54. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#top
55. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckvins.html#contents
56. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ckermit.html
57. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ck80.html
58. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/index.html