prototype n. A work, original in character, afterward imitated in form or spirit. protract v. To prolong. protrude v. To push out or thrust forth. protrusion n. The act of protruding. protuberance n. Something that swells out from a surrounding surface. protuberant adj. Bulging. protuberate v. To swell or bulge beyond the surrounding surface. prove v. To show to be true. proverb n. A brief, pithy saying, condensing in witty or striking form the wisdom of experience. provident adj. Anticipating and making ready for future wants or emergencies. providential adj. Effected by divine guidance. provincial adj. Uncultured in thought and manner. proviso n. A clause in a contract, will, etc., by which its operation is rendered conditional. provocation n. An action or mode of conduct that excites resentment or vindicative feeling. prowess n. Strength, skill, and intrepidity in battle. proximately adv. Immediately. proxy n. A person who is empowered by another to represent him or her in a given matter. prudence n. Caution. prudential adj. Proceeding or marked by caution. prudery n. An undue display of modesty or delicacy. pruriency n. An itching, desire, or craving for anything. prurient adj. Inclined to lascivious thoughts and desires. Prussian adj. Of or pertaining to Prussia. pry v. To move with a lever so as to open, raise, or move. psalmody n. The use of psalms, or hymns of praise, in divine worship. psalter n. The psalms appointed to be read or sung at any given service. pseudapostle n. A pretended or false apostle. pseudopsia n. A perversion of the sense of vision. pseudonym n. A fictitious name, especially when assumed by awriter. pseudonymity n. The state or character of using a fictitious name. psychiatry n. The branch of medicine that relates to mental disease. psychic adj. Pertaining to the mind or soul. psychopathic adj. Morally irresponsible. psychotherapy n. The treatment of mental disease. psychologist n. A specialist in the science of the human soul and its operations. psychometry n. The science of measurement of mental processes, as by experiments in timing sensations.psychophysics n. Science of mental phenomena as dependent upon or correlated with measurable physical changes. psychosis n. Any form of mental derangement. publican n. Saloon-keeper or victualer. pudgy adj. Small and fat. pudicity n. Native modesty. puerile adj. Childish. pugnacious adj. Quarrelsome. pug-nosed adj. Having a short, thick, blunt nose, slightly turned up at the end. puissant adj. Possessing strength. pulley n. A wheel driving, carrying, or being driven by aleather belt or the like. pulmonary adj. Pertaining to the lungs. pulpit n. An elevated stand or desk in a church, to hold the books and manuscripts used by a preacher. pulpiteer n. A preacher. pulverize v. To reduce to powder, as by grinding, crushing, etc. pulverulence n. Dustiness. pulverulent adj. Consisting of fine powder or dust. pumice n. Volcanic scoria or lava. pumpkin n. A large, round, yellow fruit. puncheon n. An upright timber under a ridge, to which smalltimbers are joined. punctilious adj. Strictly observant of the rules or forms prescribed by law or custom. punctual adj. Oservant and exact in points of time. punctuate v. To divide or mark with significant points, as periods, commas, etc. punctuation n. The use of points or marks in written or printed matter. puncture v. To pierce with or as with a sharp-pointed instrument. pungent adj. Affecting the sense of smell. pungency n. The quality of affecting the sense of smell. punitive adj. Pertaining to punishment. punster n. One who is addicted to puns or is skilled in punning. pupilage n. The state or period of being a student. purchase v. To obtain as one's own by paying a price. purgatory n. An intermediate state where souls are made fit for paradise or heaven by expiatory suffering. purify v. To make clear or pure. purl v. To cause to whirl, as in an eddy. purlieu n. The outlying districts or outskirts of any place. purloin v. To steal. purport n. Intent. purpose n. The idea or ideal kept before the mind as an end of effort or action. purr n. An intermittent vibratory murmuring sound, suchas a cat makes when satisfied or pleased. purse-proud adj. Puffed up by the possession of riches. pursue v. To follow persistently with the purpose of seizing or obtaining. pursuit n. An earnest endeavor to attain or gain. purulence n. Pus. purulent adj. Consisting of pus. purveyor n. one who supplies pus n. A secretion from inflammed tissue. pusilanimous adj. Without spirit or bravery. putrescent adj. Undergoing decomposition of animal or vegetable matter accompanied by fetid odors. putt n. A clown. pyramid n. A solid structure of masonry, generally with a square base, and with triangular sides. pyre n. A heap of combustibles arranged for burning a dead body. pyrites n. Any one of the native metallic solids, as of iron or copper, usually whitish or yellow. pyrography n. The art or process of producing a design on wood by a red-hot point or fine flame. pyromania n. An insane propensity to set things on fire. pyrotechnic adj. Pertaining to fireworks or their manufacture. pyx n. A vessel or casket, usually of precious metal, in which the host is preserved. quackery n. Charlatanry quadrant n. Quarter of a circle or of its circumference; a sector, arc, or angle of 90 degrees. quadrate v. To divide into quarters. quadrivalence n. A valence or combining power of four. quadruple v. To multiply by four. quail n. A bird having a very short tail. qualification n. A requisite for an employment, position, right,or privilege. qualify v. To endow or furnish with requisite ability, character, knowledge, skill, or possessions. qualm n. A fit of nausea. quandary n. A puzzling predicament. quantity n. Magnitude. quarantine n. The enforced isolation of any person or place infected with contagious disease. quarrelsome adj. Irascible. quarter n. One of four equal parts into which anything is or may be divided. quarterly adj. Occuring or made at intervals of three months. quartermaster-general n. An army staff-officer. quartet n. A composition for four voices or four instruments. quarto n. An eight-page newspaper of any size. quartz n. A native silicon dioxid, the hardest of the common minerals. quartzite n. A very compact, granular quartz-rock. quay n. A wharf or artificial landing-place on the shore of a harbor or projecting into it. querulous adj. Habitually complaining. query v. To make inquiry. queue n. A file of persons waiting in order of their arrival, as for admittance. quibble n. An utterly trivial distinction or objection. quiescence n. Quiet. quiescent adj. Being in a state of repose or inaction. quiet adj. Making no noise. quietus n. A silencing, supressing, or ending. quinine n. A white amorphorous or slightly chrystalline very bitter alkaloid compound. quinsy n. Inflammation of the tonsils. quintessence n. The most essential part of anything. quintet n. Musical composition arranged for five voices or instruments. quire n. The twentieth part of a ream of paper; 24 or 25sheets. quite adv. Fully. Quixotic adj. Chivalrous or romantic to a ridiculous or extravagant degree. quiz n. A questioning of a student or class by a teacher on the subject-matter already taught. quion n. A wedge. quota n. A proportional part or share required for making up a certain number or quantity. quotient n. The result obtained by division. rabbet v. To cut a rectangular groove. rabid adj. Affected with rabies or hydrophobia. raceme n. A flower-cluster in which the flowers are arranged singly on an elongated common axis. racial adj. Pertaining to race, races, or descent, as of mankind. racy adj. Exciting or exhilarating to the mind. radiance n. Brilliant or sparkling luster. radiate v. To extend in all directions, as from a source or focus. radiation n. Emission or divergence, as of rays in all directions possible from a common source. radical n. One who holds extreme views or advocates extreme measures. radicle n. A diminutive root or rootlet. radish n. The root of Raphanus sativus, commonly eaten raw as a salad or relish. radius n. A straight line from the center of a circle or sphere to its periphery or surface. radix n. That from or on which something is developed. raffle n. A form of lottery in which an article is disposed of among the share-holders by lot. raglan n. A loose overcoat with large sleeves, or sleeveless and with a cape. raillery n. Good-humored satire. raiment n. Clothing. raise v. To cause to rise. rajah n. A Hindu prince or chief in a tribal state in India. ramify v. To divide or subdivide into branches or subdivisions. ramose adj. Branch-like. rampant adj. Growing, climbing, or running without check or restraint. rampart n. A bulwark or construction to oppose assault or hostile entry. rancho n. A ranch. rancor n. Malice. rankle v. To produce irritation or festering. rapacious adj. Disposed to seize by violence or by unlawful or greedy methods. rapid adj. Having great speed. rapine n. The act of seizing and carrying off property by superior force, as in war. rapt adj. Enraptured. raptorial adj. Seizing and devouring living prey. rarity n. That which is exceptionally valued from scarceness. raspberry n. A fruit. ratio n. relative amount. ration v. To provide with a fixed allowance or portion, especially of food. rationalism n. The formation of opinions by relying upon reason alone, independently of authority. raucous adj. Harsh. ravage v. To lay waste by pillage, rapine, devouring, or other destructive methods. ravel v. To take apart the fibers or threads of. ravenous adj. Furiously voracious or hungary. ravine n. A deep gorge or hollow, especially one worn by a stream or flow of water. ravish v. To carry away or transport with delight. raze v. To level with the ground or the foundations by overthrowing or demolishing. razor n. A cutting-implement for shaving of the beard orhair. razor-backed adj. Having a thin, sharp back, edge, or ridge. reaction n. Tendency towards a former, or opposite state ofthings, as after reform, revolution, or inflation.reactionary adj. Pertaining to, of the nature of, causing, or favoring reaction. readily adv. Without objection or reluctance. readjust v. To put in order after disarrangement. ready adj. In a state of preparedness for any given purpose or occasion. real estate n. Land, including trees, water, minerals, houses,and other permanent structures. realism n. The principle and practice of depicting personsand scenes as they are believed really to exist. realize v. To apprehend the meaning, reality, or real nature of. really adv. Actually. reaper n. One who harvests the fruits of previous sowing. rearrange v. To arrange again or in a different order. reassure v. To give new confidence. rebellious adj. Insubordinate. rebuff n. A peremptory or unexpected rejection of advances or approaches. rebuild v. To build again or anew. rebut v. To oppose by argument or a sufficient answer. recant v. To withdraw formally one's belief (in somethingpreviously believed or maintained). recapitulate v. To repeat again the principal points of. recapture v. To capture again. recede v. To move back or away. receivable adj. Capable of being or fit to be received. receive v. To obtain as a result of delivery, transmission, or communication. receptible adj. That may be received. receptive adj. Having the capacity, quality, or ability of receiving, as truths or impressions. recession n. Withdrawal. recessive adj. Having a tendency to go back. recidivist n. A confirmed criminal. recipe n. A formula or list of ingredients of a mixture, with proportions and directions for compounding. recipient n. One to whom something is given or communicated. reciprocal adj. Mutually interchangeable or convertible. reciprocate v. To give and take mutually. reciprocity n. Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. recitation n. The act of reciting or repeating, especially inpublic and from memory. reck v. To have a care or thought for. reckless adj. Foolishly headless of danger. reclaim v. To demand or to obtain the return or restoration of. recline v. To cause to assume a leaning or recumbent attitude or position. recluse n. One who lives in retirement or seclusion. reclusory n. A hermitage. recognizance n. An acknowledgement entered into before a court with condition to do some particular act. recognize v. To recall the identity of (a person or thing). recoil v. To start back as in dismay, loathing, or dread. recollect v. To recall the knowledge of. reconcilable adj. Capable of being adjusted or harmonized. reconnoiter v. To make a preliminary examination of for military, surveying, or geological purposes. reconsider v. To review with care, especially with a view to a reversal of previous action. reconstruct v. To rebuild. recourse n. Resort to or application for help in exigency or trouble. recover v. To regain. recreant n. A cowardly or faithless person. recreate v. To refresh after labor. recrudescence n. The state of becoming raw or sore again. recrudescent adj. Becoming raw or sore again. recruit v. To enlist men for military or naval service. rectify v. To correct. rectitude n. The quality of being upright in principles and conduct. rector n. A person in charge of a parish or of a certain church or voluntary corporation. rectory n. The parish domain with its buildings, lands, and revenue. recuperate v. To recover. recur v. To happen again or repeatedly, especially at regular intervals. recure v. To cure again. recurrent adj. Returning from time to time, especially at regular or stated intervals. reddish adj. Mixed with or somewhat red. redemption n. The recovery of what is mortgaged or pledged, by paying the debt. red-hot adj. Heated to redness. redolent adj. Smelling sweet and agreeable. redolence n. Smelling sweet and agreeable. redoubtable adj. Formidable. redound n. Rebound. redress v. To set right, as a wrong by compensation or thepunishment of the wrong-doer. reducible adj. That may be reduced. redundance n. Excess. redundant adj. Constituting an excess. reef n. A range or ridge of rocks, lying at or near thesurface of the water. reek v. To be full of fumes. reelect v. To choose for another term of office. reenforce v. To add a strengthening part to. reenter v. To come in again, as into a room. reestablish v. To restore. refectory n. In religious houses and colleges, a hall set apart for meals. refer v. To direct or send for information or other purpose. referrer n. One who refers. referable adj. Ascribable. referee n. An umpire. reference n. An incidential allusion or direction of the attention. referendum n. The submisson of a proposed public measure or law to a vote of the people for ratification. refinery n. A place where some crude material, as sugar or petroleum, is purified. reflectible adj. Capable of being turned back. reflection n. The throwing off or back of light, heat, sound,or any form of energy that travels in waves. reflector n. A mirror, as of metal, for reflecting light, heat, or sound in a particular direction. reflexible adj. Capable of being reflected. reform n. Change for the better. reformatory n. An institution in which offenders are confined and instructed. reformer n. One who carries out a reform. refract v. To bend or turn from a direct course. refractory adj. Not amenable to control. refragable adj. Capable of being refuted. refrigerant adj. Cooling. refrigerate v. To cause to become cool. refringency n. Power to refract. refringent adj. Having the power to refract. refusal n. Denial of what is asked. refute v. To prove to be wrong. regale v. To give unusual pleasure. regalia n. pl. The coronation indicia or decorative emblems of royalty. regality n. Royalty. regard v. To look upon. regency n. Vicarious government. regenerate v. To reproduce. regent n. One who is lawfully deputed to administer the gov't for the time being in the name of the ruler.regicide n. The killing of a king or sovereign. regime n. Particular conduct or adminisration of affairs. regimen n. A systematized order or course of living with reference to food, clothing and personal habits. regiment n. A body of soldiers. region n. A country or district. registrar n. The keeper of a register or records. registry n. The act of entering or recording in a register. regnant adj. Exercising royal authority in one's own right. regress v. To return to a former place or condition. regretful adj. Feeling, expressive of, or full of regret. regulable adj. Capable of being directed or managed according to certain standards or laws. regularity n. The state, quality, or character of following a uniform course. rehabilitate v. To restore to a former status, capacity, right,rank, or privilege. rehearse v. To recite or perform privately in preparation for public performance. reign v. To hold and exercise sovereign power. reimburse v. To pay back as an eqivalent of what has been expended. rein n. A step attached to the bit for controlling a horse or other draft-animal. reinstate v. To restore to a former state, station, or authority. reiterate v. To say or do again and again. rejoin v. To reunite after separation. rejuvenate v. To restore to youth. rejuvenescence n. A renewal of youth. relapse v. To suffer a return of a disease after partial recovery. relative n. One that is connected by blood or affinity. relax v. To make less rigorous or stringent. relay n. A fresh set, as of horses or men, to replace or relieve a tired set. relegate v. To send off or consign, as to an obscure position or remote destination. relent v. To yield. relevant adj. Bearing upon the matter in hand. reliance n. Dependence. reliant adj. Having confidence. relict n. A widow. relieve v. To free wholly or partly from something painfulor disagreeable or from its effects. religion n. Any system of faith and worship. religious adj. Devout. relinquish v. To give up using or having. reliquary n. A casket, coffer, or repository in which relicsare kept. relish v. To like the taste or savor of. reload v. To load again, as a gun or a wagon. reluctance n. Unwillingness. reluctant adj. Unwilling. rely v. To depend on someone or something as worthy of confidence, or as affording security, help, etc. remembrance n. Recollection. reminiscence n. The calling to mind of incidents within the range of personal knowledge or experience. reminiscent adj. Pertaining to the recollection of matters of personal interest. remiss adj. Negligent. remissable adj. Capable of being pardoned. remission n. Temporary diminution of a disease. remodel v. Reconstruct. remonstrance n. Reproof. remonstrant adj. Having the character of a reproof. remonstrate v. To present a verbal or written protest to thosewho have power to right or prevent a wrong. remunerate v. To pay or pay for. remuneration n. Compensation. Renaissance n. The revival of letters, and then of art, which marks the transition from medieval to modern time.rendezvous n. A prearranged place of meeting. rendition n. Interpretation. renovate v. To restore after deterioration, as a building. renunciation n. An explicit disclaimer of a right or privilege. reopen v. To open again. reorganize v. To change to a more satisfactory form of organization. reparable adj. Capable of repair. reparation n. The act of making amends, as for an injury, loss, or wrong. repartee n. A ready, witty, or apt reply. repast n. The act of taking food, or the food taken. repeal v. To render of no further effect. repeatedly adv. Again and again. repel v. To force or keep back in a manner, physically or mentally. repellent adj. Having power to force back in a manner, physically or mentally. repentance n. Sorrow for something done or left undone, with desire to make things right by undoing the wrong. repentant n. Howing sorrow for something done or undone, with desire to make things right. repertory n. A place where things are stored or gathered together. repetition n. The act of repeating. repine v. To indulge in fretfulness and faultfinding. replenish v. To fill again, as something that has been emptied. replete adj. Full to the uttermost. replica n. A duplicate executed by the artist himself, andregarded, equally with the first, as an original. repository n. A place in which goods are stored. reprehand v. To find fault with. reprehesible adj. Censurable. reprehension n. Expression of blame. repress v. To keep under restraint or control. repressible adj. Able to be kept under restraint or control. reprieve v. To grant a respite from punishment to. reprimand v. To chide or rebuke for a fault. reprisal n. Any infliction or act by way of retaliation on an enemy. reprobate n. One abandoned to depravity and sin. reproduce v. To make a copy of. reproduction n. The process by which an animal or plant gives rise to another of its kind. reproof n. An expression of disapproval or blame personally addressed to one censured. reptile n. A cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrate, especially one with scales, as a snake. repudiate v. To refuse to have anything to do with. repugnance n. Thorough dislike. repugnant adj. Offensive to taste and feeling. repulse n. The act of beating or driving back, as an attacking or advancing enemy. repulsive adj. Grossly offensive. repute v. To hold in general opinion. requiem n. A solemn mass sung for the repose of the souls of the dead. requisite adj. Necessary. requital n. Adequate return for good or ill. requite v. To repay either good or evil to, as to a person. rescind v. To make void, as an act, by the enacting authority or a superior authority. reseat v. To place in position of office again. resemblance n. Similarity in quality or form. resent v. To be indignant at, as an injury or insult. reservoir n. A receptacle where a quantity of some material,especially of a liquid or gas, may be kept. residential adj. Pertaining to the place or the house where one lives. residue n. A remainder or surplus after a part has been separated or otherwise treated. reslience n. The power of sprining back to a former position resilient adj. Having the quality of springing back to a former position. resistance n. The exertion of opposite effort or effect. resistant adj. Offering or tending to produce resistence. resistive adj. Having or exercising the power of resistance. resistless adj. Powerless. resonance n. The quality of being able to reenforce sound bysympathetic vibrations. resonance adj. Able to reenforce sound by sympathetic vibrations. resonate v. To have or produce resonance. resource n. That which is restored to, relied upon, or madeavailable for aid or support. respite n. Interval of rest. resplendent adj. Very bright. respondent adj. Answering. responsion n. Answer. responsory n. A response of the people or congregation to theofficiating priest or clergyman. restaurant n. A place where refreshments or meals are provided to order. restful adj. Quiet. restitution n. Restoration of anything to the one to whom it properly belongs. restive adj. Fidgety. restrict v. To hold or keep within limits or bounds. resumption n. The act of taking back, or taking again. resurgent adj. Surging back or again. resurrection n. A return from death to life resuscitate v. To restore from apparent death. retaliate v. To repay evil with a similar evil. retch v. To make an effort to vomit. retention n. The keeping of a thing within one's power or possession. reticence n. The quality of habitually keeping silent or being reserved in utterance. reticent adj. Habitually keeping silent or being reserved in utterance. retinue n. The body of persons who attend a person of importance in travel or public appearance. retort n. A retaliatory speech. retouch v. To modify the details of. retrace v. To follow backward or toward the place of beginning, as a track or marking. retract v. To recall or take back (something that one has said). retrench v. To cut down or reduce in extent or quantity. retribution n. The act of requiting or paying for good or evil done. retrieve v. To recover something by searching. retroactive adj. Operative on, affecting, or having reference to past events, transactions, responsibilities. retrograde v. To cause to deteriorate or to move backward. retrogression n. A going or moving backward or in a reverse direction. retrospect n. A view or contemplation of something past. retrospective adj. Looking back on the past. reunite v. To unite or join again, as after separation. revelation n. A disclosing, discovering, or making known of what was before secret, private, or unknown. revere v. To regard with worshipful veneration. reverent adj. Humble. reverie n. A day-dream. reversible adj. That may be used or worn in some way regardedas diametrically opposed to the normal way. reversion n. A return to or toward some former state or condition. revert v. To return, or turn or look back, as toward a former position or the like. revile v. To heap approach or abuse upon. revisal n. Revision. revise v. To examine for the correction of errors, or forthe purpose of making changes. revocation n. Repeal. revoke v. To rescind. revolution n. A change that involves the overthrow af an existing government. revulsion n. Violent withdrawal. reynard n. The fox, especially as the personification of cunning. rhapsody n. Rapt or rapturous utterance. rheostat n. An instrument for measuring current-strength. rhetoric n. The art of discourse. rhetorician n. A showy writer or declaimer. rheum n. Catarrhal discharge from the nose and eyes. rheumatic adj. Pertaining to a malady with aching pain, affecting the muscles, or joints. rheumatism n. A malady with aching pain, affecting sometimes the muscles, sometimes the joints. Rhododendron n. A genus of showy shrubs or small trees of the heath family. rhubarb n. A hardy perennial herb used in cookery. rhythm n. Movement characterized by regular, measured recurrence of beat, sound, accent, or motion. ribald adj. Indulging in or manifesting coarse indecency or obscenity. rice-bird n. The bobolink. riches n. Wealth. riddance n. The act or ridding or delivering from somethingundesirable. ridicule n. Looks or acts expressing amused contempt. ridiculous adj. Laughable and contemptible. ridotto n. A masked ball. rife adj. Abundant. righteousness n. Rectitude. rightful adj. Conformed to a just claim according to established laws or usage. right-handed adj. Using the right hand more easily than the left. rigid adj. Not pliant or flexible. rigmarole n. Nonsense. rigor n. Inflexibility. rigorous adj. Uncompromising. rhyme n. A corespondence of sounds in two or more words,especially in poetry. rhymester n. A maker of inferior verses. rioter n. one who engages in a disturbance consisting of wild and turbulent conduct. riotous adj. Pertaining to a disturbance consisting of wild and turbulent conduct. ripplet n. A small ripple, as of water. risible adj. capable of exciting laughter. rivulet n. A small stream or brook. roadstead n. A place of anchorage off shore without harbor protection. roadway n. That part of a road over which vehicles pass. robbery n. Thievery. robust adj. Characterized by great strength or power of endurance. roc n. A bird of prey of enormous size and marvelous strength. rock-candy n. Sugar candied in hard clear crystals. rodent n. A mammel having in each jaw two incisors and nocanine teeth. rodeo n. A round-up. roe n. The collected mass of eggs of various lower animals, as fishes, amphibians, and crustaceans. Roman adj. belonging or relating to ancient or modern Rome, or to the Romans. Romanic adj. Belonging to one or more, or all, of the languages that are the descendants of Latin. rondo n. A musical composition during which the first part or subject is repeated several times. rookery n. A place where crows congregate to breed. roommate n. One who occupies a room with another or others. roomy adj. Having abundant room. rosaceous adj. Of an order of polypetalous plants -- the rose family. rosary n. A string of beads used in devotions for counting a specific series of prayers. rose-window n. A circular window, as in Romanesque and Pointedarchitecture. rosette n. An ornament or badge having some resemblance toa rose. rostrum n. A platform from which an oration may be delivered or on which a presiding officer may sit.rotary adj. Turning around its axis, like a wheel, or so constructed as to turn thus. rotate v. To cause to turn on or as on its axis, as a wheel. rote n. Repetition of words or sounds as a means of learning them, with slight attention. rotund adj. Round from fulness or plumpness. roulette n. A game played at a table divided into numbered and colored spaces. round-shouldered adj. Having the back rounded or the shoulders stooping. routine n. Habitual methods of action. rubefacient adj. Causing redness, as of the skin. rudimentary adj. Being in an initial, early, or incomplete stage of development. rue v. To regret extremely. ruff n. A fluted collar, especially a very broad, full, and stiffly starched one. ruffian adj. A lawless or recklessly brutal fellow. ruminant adj. Chewing the cud. ruminate v. To chew over again, as food previously swallowed and regurgitated. runaway n. One who or that which runs away or flees. rung n. A round, as of a ladder or chair. runnel n. A little stream of water. rupture v. To separate the parts of by violence. rustic adj. Characteristic of dwelling in the country. rusticate v. To send or banish to the country. rusticity n. The state of being banished or sent to the country. ruth n. Sorrow for another's misery. saber n. A heavy one-edged sword with a thick-backed blade, sometimes curved toward the point. sac n. A membranous pouch. sacerdotal adj. Pertaining to a priest or priesthood. sachet n. Any small receptacle for perfumed powder. sacking n. A coarse hemp or flax fabric used for bags, bed-bottoms, etc. sacrament n. A rite ordained as an outward and visible sign of an inward and spritual grace. sacrifice v. To make an offering of to deity, especially by presenting on an altar. sacrificial adj. Offering or offered as an atonement for sin. sacrilege n. The act of violating or profaning anything sacred. sacrilegious adj. Impious. sacristan n. An officer having charge of the sacristy of a church and of its contents. saddlery n. Saddles and whatever belongs to them, collectively. safeguard v. To protect. safety n. Freedom from danger or risk. sagacious adj. Able to discern and distinguish with wise perception. said adj. Previously mentioned. sailboat n. A boat which may be impelled by a sail or sails. sailer n. A vessel that sails. saith v. 3rd person singular ind. of SAY. sal ammoniac n. A white, vireous, soluble, ammonium chloride. salable adj. Marketable. salacious adj. Having strong sexual desires. salary n. A periodical allowance made as compensation to a person for regular work. salience n. The condition of standing out distinctly. salient adj. Standing out prominently. saline adj. Constituting or consisting of salt. salmon n. An anadromous fish. saloon n. A large public parlor, drawing-room, or assembly-room. saltation n. The act of leaping. saltpeter n. A mineral, used to make gunpowder. salubrious adj. Conduvive to health. salutary adj. Beneficial. salutation n. Any form of greeting, hailing, or welcome, whether by word or act. salutatory n. The opening oration at the commemcement in American colleges. salvage n. Any act of saving property. salvo n. A salute given by firing all the guns, as at the funeral of an officer. samovar n. A Russian urn to hold boiling water, as for making tea. sanatorium n. An institution for treatment of disease or careof invalids. sanctimonious adj. Making an ostentatious display or hypocritical pretense of holiness or piety. sanction v. To approve authoritatively. sanctity n. Holiness. sandal n. A kind of shoe. sandpaper n. Stout paper coated with sharp sand or ground glass. sandwich n. Two thin slices of bread, having between them meat, cheese, or other savory food. sanguinary adj. Bloody. sanguine adj. Having the color of blood. sanguineous adj. Consisting of blood. sanitarium n. An institution for treatment of disease or careof invalids. sanity n. Soundness of mind. Sanskrit n. Tha ancient and classical language preserved inthe Hindu sacred writings. sapid adj. Affecting the sense of taste. sapience n. Deep wisdom or knowledge. sapient adj. Possessing wisdom. sapiential adj. Possessing wisdom. saponaceous adj. Having the nature or quality of soap. sapphire adj. Deep pure blue. sarcasm n. Cutting and reproachful language. sarcophagus n. A stone coffin or a chest-like tomb. sardine n. One of various small clupeoid fishes preserved in oil as a delicacy. sardonic adj. Scornfully or bitterly sarcastic. sarsaparilla n. A plant. satchel n. A small hand-bag. sateen n. A fabric woven so as to give it a glossy surface somewhat resembling satin. satiate v. To satisfy fully the appetite or desire of. satire n. The employment of sarcasm, irony, or keenness of wit in ridiculing vices. satiric adj. Resembling poetry, in which vice, incapacity,or corruption is held up to ridicule. satirize v. To treat with sarcasm or derisive wit. Saturday n. The seventh or last day of the week. Saturn n. The planet next beyond Jupiter. satyr n. A very lascivious person. savage n. A wild and uncivilized human being. savings-bank n. An institution for receiving and investing savings. savor v. To perceive by taste or smell. sawmill n. An establishment for sawing logs into lumber. sawyer n. One who saws logs into boards. saxophone n. A brass wind-instrument. scabbard n. The sheath of a sword or similar bladed weapon. scaffold n. A platform built against the side of a buildingfor the support of workmen. scallop v. To shape the edge of into lobes or rounded projections, as for ornament. Scandinavian adj. Pertaining to Scandinavia, embracing Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. scansion n. The division of a verse according to rules of quantity and accent. scarcity n. Insufficiency of supply for needs or ordinary demands. scarlet adj. Brilliant-red. scene n. A landscape or view. schedule n. A written or printed statement specifying the details of some matter. scheme n. A plot for the accomplishment of an object. scherzo n. A sportive or lightsome movement in a musical composition. scholarly adj. Characteristic of an erudite person. scholastic adj. Pertaining to education or schools. school-book n. A book for use in school. schoolboy n. A boy attending school, or in the period of school life. schoolfellow n. A schoolmate. schoolgirl n. A girl attending school, or not past the periodof school life. science n. Knowledge gained and verified by exact observation and correct thinking. scintilla n. The faintest ray. scintillate v. To emit or send forth sparks or little flashes of light. scope n. A range of action or view. scorpion n. A tropical pulmonate arthropod resembling a miniature flat lobster in shape. scoundrel n. A man without principle. scream n. A loud, shrill, prolonged cry, generally indicating fear or pain. screech n. A shrill, harsh cry. scribble n. Hasty, careless writing. scribe n. One who writes or is skilled in writing. script n. Writing or handwriting of the ordinary cursive form. Scriptural adj. Pertaining to, contained in, or warranted by the Holy Scriptures. scruple n. Doubt or uncertainty regarding a question of moral right or duty. scrupulous adj. Cautious in action for fear of doing wrong. scull n. A light, short-handled spoon-oar used in pairs by one person, over the sides of a boat. scullion n. A servant who cleans pots and kettles, and doesother menial services in the kitchen. sculptor n. One who executes statues and other objects by carving them from stone or other hard material. sculpture n. The art of fashioning figures out of stone or other solid material by carving or chiseling. scurrilous adj. Grossly indecent or vulgar. scuttle v. To sink (a ship) by making holes in the bottom. scythe n. A long curved blade for mowing, reaping, etc. sea-monster n. Some huge or terrifying marine creature, as a cuttle-fish or devil-fish. seafaring adj. Following the sea as a calling. sea-green adj. Having the bluish-green color characteristic of sea-water. seamanship n. Knowledge and skill in the art of navigation. seamless adj. Having no seam. seamstress n. A woman skilled in needlework. seance n. A meeting of spirituals for consulting spirits. sear v. To burn on the surface. search v. To expore thoroughly, as if to find something concealed or lost. seashore n. The land adjacent to or bordering on the ocean. seasickness n. A distressing illness experienced on shipboard. seasoning n. Something added to increase enjoyment. sebaceous adj. Pertaining to or appearing like fat. secant adj. Cutting, especially into two parts. secede v. To withdraw from union or association, especially from a political or religious body. secession n. Voluntary withdrawal from fellowship, especially from political or religious bodies. seclude v. To place, keep, or withdraw from the companionship of others. seclusion n. Solitude. secondary adj. Less important or effective than that which is primary. secondly adv. In the second place in order or succession. second-rate adj. Second in quality, size, rank, importance, etc. secrecy n. Concealment. secretary n. One who attends to correspondence, keeps records. or does other writing for others. secretary-ship n. The position of attending to correspondence, keeping records, or doing other writings. secretive adj. Having a tendency to conceal. sector n. A part of a circle bounded by two radii and thearc subtended by them. secular adj. Not separated from the world by monastic vowsor rules. sedate adj. Even-tempered. sedentary adj. Involving or requiring much sitting. sediment n. Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid. sedition n. Conduct directed against public order and the tranquillity of the state. seditious adj. Promotive of conduct directed against public order and the tranquillity of the state. seduce v. To entice to surrender chastity. sedulous adj. Persevering in effort or endeavor. seer n. A prophet. seethe v. To be violently excited or agitated. segment n. A section. segregate v. To place apart from others or the rest. seignoir n. A title of honor or respectful address, equivalent to sir. seine n. Any encircling fish-net intended to be closed around a body of swimming fish. seining n. The act of catching fish with a fish-net. seismograph n. An instrument for recording the phenomena of earthquakes. seize v. To catch or take hold of suddenly and forcibly. selective adj. Having the power of choice. self-winding adj. Having a magnetic or other attachment which automatically winds it at certain times. self-control n. The act or habit of having one's faculties or energies under control of the will. self-educated adj. Educated through one's own efforts without the aid of a regular teacher. self-examination n. An inquiry into one's own condition and thoughts. self-help n. The use of one's powers and abilities to attainone's ends. self-respect n. Rational self-esteem. selvage n. The edge of a piece of cloth so woven or finished that it will not ravel. semblance n. Outward appearance. semicivilized adj. Half-civilized. semiconscious adj. Partially conscious. semiannual adj. Recurring at intervals of six months. semibreve n. A note equal to half a breve. semicircle n. A half-circle. seminar n. Any assemblage of pupils for real research in some specific study under a teacher. seminary n. A special school, as of theology or pedagogics. senile adj. Peculiar to or proceeding from the weakness or infirmity of old age. sensation n. A condition of mind resulting from spiritual orinherent feeling. sense n. The signification conveyed by some word, phrase, or action. sensibility n. Power to perceive or feel. sensitive adj. Easily affected by outside operations or influences. sensorium n. The sensory apparatus. sensual adj. Pertaining to the body or the physical senses. sensuous adj. Having a warm appreciation of the beautiful or of the refinements of luxury. sentence n. A related group of words containing a subject and a predicate and expressing a complete thought.sentience n. Capacity for sensation or sense-perception. sentient adj. Possessing the power of sense or sense-perception. sentinel n. Any guard or watch stationed for protection. separable adj. Capable of being disjoined or divided. separate v. To take apart. separatist n. A seceder. septennial adj. Recurring every seven years. sepulcher n. A burial-place. sequacious adj. Ready to be led. sequel n. That which follows in consequence of what has previously happened. sequence n. The order in which a number or persons, things,or events follow one another in space or time. sequent adj. Following in the order of time. sequester v. To cause to withdraw or retire, as from societyor public life. sequestrate v. To confiscate. seraph n. One of the highest orders of angels. serenade n. A song of a lover beneath his lady's window. serf n. A person whose service is attached to the estate on which he lives and transferred with it. serge n. A strong swilled stuff, sometimes made of silk,but more commonly of worsted. sergeant n. A non-commissioned military officer ranking next above a corporal. sergeant-at-arms n. An executive officer in legislative bodies who enforces the orders of the presiding officer. sergeant-major n. The highest non-commissioned officer in a regiment. service n. Any work done for the benefit of another. serviceable adj. Durable. serviette n. A table-napkin. servitor n. A follower, attendant, or servant of any kind. servitude n. Slavery. setaceous adj. Bristly. set-screw n. A screw having a cup or sharp circle instead ofa point, for setting tightly against some part. settee n. A long seat with a back, usually not upholstered, and with or without arms. set-to n. A bout at fighting, fencing, or any other mode of contest. several adj. Being of an indefinite number, more than one or two, yet not large. severance n. Separation. severely adv. Extremely. sewer n. A conduit or canal to carry off the drainage and excrementitious matter of a town or city. sewerage n. The conveyance of waste matter from buildings. sextet n. A band of six singers or players. sextuple adj. Multiplied by six. shackle n. A ring, clasp, or bracelet-like fastening for encircling and restraining a limb. shadow n. A deficiency of light within an illuminated region. shagreen n. A kind of rough-grained leather or parchment, usually dyed green. Shakespearian adj. Pertaining to William Shakespeare, the English poet and dramatist. shampoo v. To lather, rub, and wash thoroughly (the head, or of the head). sha'n't cont. Shall not. sheer adj. Absolute. shekel n. A Hebrew silver coin. shellac n. Crude lac melted into plates or cakes for varnish. shell-less adj. Distitute of a shell. shepherd n. A keeper of sheep. sheriff n. Chief administrative officer of a county, charged with the conservation of the peace. shibboleth n. A watchword. shiftless adj. Wanting in resource, energy, or executive ability. shilling n. A silver coin and denomination of money of Great Britain and its dependencies. ship-building n. The act or art of building vessels, especially large craft. shipper n. A person who places goods in the hands of a common carrier for transportation. shipwright n. A ship-carpenter or builder of ships. shipyard n. An enclosure or yard where ships are built or repaired. shirr n. A fulling or gathering by means of gathering-threads. shoe n. An outer covering or dress for the human foot not reaching above the ankle. shoo interj. Be off. shopkeeper n. A small retail merchant. shorthand n. System of handwriting that reduces the number of muscular movements required to present words. shower-bath n. An arrangement for spraying water over the body. shown v. Pp. of show. shrewd adj. Characterized by skill at understanding and profiting by circumstances. shriek n. A sharp, shrill outcry or scream, caused by agony or terror. shrinkage n. A contraction of any material into less bulk ordimension. shrivel v. To draw or be drawn into wrinkles. shuffle n. A mixing or changing the order of things. shuttle n. The sliding thread-holder that carriers the lower thread between the needle and upper thread. sibilance n. A hissing sound. sibilant adj. Made with a hissing sound. sibilate v. To give a hissing sound to, as in pronouncing the letter s. sidelong adj. Inclining or tending to one side. sidereal adj. Pertaining to stars or constellations. sideway n. A path by the side of a road or street. sidewise adv. So as to incline towards the side. siege n. A beleaguerment. sieve n. A utensil for separating the finer from the coarser parts of a loose material. signet n. One of the seals of the sovereign, used in sealing his private letters. significance n. Importance. significant adj. Important, especially as pointing something out. signification n. The meaning conveyed by language, actions, or signs. silo n. A tight chamber in a cellar, barn other structure in which grain is stored. silvant n. Tellurium. silver-gray adj. Of a gray color with silvery hue and sheen. similar adj. Bearing resemblance to one another or to something else. simile n. A comparison which directs the mind to the representative object itself. similitude n. Similarity. simitar n. A convex-edged sword or saber of extreme curve. simplify v. To make less complex or difficult. simulate v. Imitate. simultaneous adj. Occuring, done, or existing at the same time. sine n. The perpendicular dropped from one end of a circular arc upon the radius of the other end. sinecure n. Any position having emoluments with few or no duties. singe v. To burn slightly or superficially. sinister adj. Evil. sinkable adj. Capable of being sunk. sinuosity n. The quality of curving in and out. sinuous adj. Curving in and out. sinus n. An opening or cavity. siren n. A sea-nymph, described by Homer as dwelling between the island of Circe and Scylla. sirloin n. A loin of beef, especially the upper portion; the part over the kidney. sirocco n. hot winds from Africa. syrup n. A thick sweet liquid. sisterly adj. Pertaining or becoming to a female person having the same parents. sisterhood n. A body of sisters united by some bond of sympathy or by a religious vow. sister-in-law n. A sister by marriage. site n. A plot of ground suitable for some specific use. sizzle n. A hissing sound, as from effervescence or frying. skeleton n. The framework of an animal body, composed in vertebrates of bone and cartilage. skeptic n. One who doubts any statements. skepticism n. The entertainment of doubt concerning something. skiff n. Usually, a small light boat propelled by oars. skillful adj. Possessing and using readily practical knowledge and ability. skirmish n. Desultory fighting between advanced detachmentsof two armies. sky-blue n. A blue like the color of the sky. skyey adj. Resembling the sky. sleeve n. The part of a garment that serves as a coveringof the arm. sleight n. A trick or feat so deftly done that the manner of performance escapes observation. slight adj. Of a small importance or significance. sloe n. The small, globular, bluish-black, astringent fruit of a European shrub. slogan n. A battle- or rallying-cry. a motto slothful adj. Lazy. slue v. To cause to move sidewise, as if some portion were pivoted. sluggard n. A person habitually lazy or idle. smolder v. To burn slowly underneath while showing little smoke and no flame. smuggle v. To take (merchandise) into or out of a country against a legal prohibition. snobbery n« Thσ characteristiπ of ß persoε wh∩ pretend≤ t∩ ß superiority he does not posses. snow-blind adj. Affected with snow-blindness. snow-white adj. White as snow. snow-shoe n. A device to be fastened on the bottom of the foot, to support the wearer in walking over snow. snuffle v. To sing or utter in a whimpering, nasal manner. sociable adj. Inclined to seek company. socialism n. A theory of civil polity that aims to secure the reconstruction of society. socialist adj. One who advocates reconstruction of society by collective ownership of land and capital. sociology n. The philosophical study of society. Sol n. The sun. solace n. Comfort in grief, trouble, or calamity. solar adj. Pertaining to the sun. solder n. A fusible alloy used for joining metallic surfaces or margins. soldier n. A person engaged in military service. solecism n. Any violation of established rules or customs. solicitor n. One who represents a client in court of justice; an attorney. solicitude n. Uneasiness of mind occasioned by desire, anxiety, or fear. soliloquy n. A monologue. Solomon's-seal n. Any one of several species of Polygonatum, a genus of perennial herbs of the lily family. solstice n. The time of year when the sun is at its greatest declination. soluble adj. Capable of being dissolved, as in a fluid. solvent adj. Having sufficient to pay all debts. somber adj. Gloomy. sombrero n. A broad-brimmed hat, common in Mexico and the southwestern parts of the United States. somersault n. A leap in which a person turns heels over head in the air and lights on his feet. somniferous adj. Tending to produce sleep. somnolence n. Opressive drowsiness. somnolent adj. Sleepy. sonata n. An instrumental composition. sonation n. Resonance. songster n. A person or bird given to singing. son-in-law n. The husband of one's daughter. sonnet n. A poem of fourteen decasyllabic or octosyllabiclines expressing two successive phrases. sonneteer n. A composer of sonnets. sonorous adj. Resonant. soothsayer n. One who claims to have supernatural insight or foresight. sophism n. A false argument understood to be such by the reasoner himself and intentionally used to deceivesophistical adj. Fallacious. sophisticate v. To deprive of simplicity of mind or manner. sophistry n. Reasoning sound in appearance only, especially when designedly deceptive. sophomore n. In educational institutions having a four-year course, a student of the second year. soprano n. A woman's or boy's voice of high range. sorcery n. Witchcraft. sordid adj. Of degraded character or nature. source n. A place where something is found or whence it is taken or derived. southeast n. That part of the horizon or point of the compass midway between south and east. southerly adj. Having a tendency toward the south. southerner n. One born or residing in the south. southwestern adj. That part of the horizon which is midway between south and west. souvenir n. A token of remembrance. spaghetti n. A kind of Italian cord-like paste, intermediatein size between macaroni and vermicelli. spaniel n. One of a breed of a small or medium-sized dogs having large pendulous ears. sparrow-grass n. Asparagus. sparse adj. Thinly diffused. Spartan adj. Exceptionally brave; rigorously severe. spasmodic adj. Convulsive. speak v. To tell in words. speciality n. A distinguishing characteristic or feature of any species, person, or thing. specialize v. To assume an individual or specific character, or adopt a singular or special course. specialty n. An employment limited to one particular line ofwork. specie n. A coin or coins of gold, silver, copper, or other metal. species n. A classificatory group of animals or plants subordinate to a genus. specimen n. One of a class of persons or things regarded asrepresentative of the class. specious adj. Plausible. spectator n. One who beholds or looks on. specter n. Apparition. spectroscope n. An optical instrument for forming and analyzingthe spectra of the rays emitted by bodies. spectrum n. An image formed by rays of light or other radiant energy. speculate v. To pursue inquiries and form conjectures on anyobject in one's mind. speculator n. One who makes an investment that involves a risk of loss, but also a chance of profit. speech n. The faculty of expressing thought by spoken words. speiss n. A compound consisting of the arsenids and sulfids of certain metals. spencer n. An overcoat shorter than the undercoat worn at the beginning of the 19th century. sphericity n. The state or condition of being a sphere. spheroid n. A body having nearly the form of a sphere. spherometer n. An instrument for measuring curvature or radii of spherical surfaces. sphinx n. Winged monster represented with a woman's head and a lion's body. spinach n. A garden annual pot-herb of the goosefoot family, or its fleshy leaves. spinous adj. Having spines. spinster n. A woman who has never been married. sponsor n. One who makes himself responsible, as for a statement or for the debt or duty of another. spontaneous adj. Arising from inherent qualities or tendencieswithout external efficient cause. sporran n. A purse or leather pouch, worn in front of the kilt by Highlanders in full dress. sportive adj. Frolicsome. sportsman n. A person who participates in field-sports, especially hunting and fishing. sprightly adj. Vivacious. springe n. A snare or noose, commonly fastened to a bent sapling or branch. spruce n. Any tree of the genus Picea, of the pine family. spurious adj. Not genuine. squabble v. To quarrel. squadron n. An assemblage of war-vessels smaller than a fleet. squalid adj. Having a dirty, mean, poverty-stricken appearance. square-rigged adj. Having the principal sails extended by horizontal cross-yards slung from the mast. squatter n. One who settles on land without permission or right. squeal n. A shrill cry such as is made by a pig. stadium n. The foot-race course at Olympia, Athens, and elsewhere in Greece where games were celebrated. stagnant adj. Not flowing: said of water, as in a pool. stagnate v. To become dull or inert. stagnation n. The condition of not flowing. stagy adj. Having a theatrical manner. staid adj. Of a steady and sober character. stallion n. An uncastrated male horse, commonly one kept for breeding. stamen n. The organ that contains the pollen or male fertilizing element in a flower. stanchion n. A vertical bar, or a pair of bars, used to confine cattle in a stall. stanza n. A group of rimed lines, usually forming one of a series of similar divisions in a poem. State-house n. The building in which the legislature of a State holds its sessions. statecraft n. The art of conducting state affairs. static adj. Pertaining to or designating bodies at rest or forces in equilibrium. statics n. The branch of mechanics that treats of the relations that subsist among forces in order. stationary adj. Not moving. stationer n. A dealer in writing-materials including paper, envelopes, blank books, pens, ink, etc. stationery n. Writing-materials including paper, envelopes, blank books, pens, ink, etc. statistician n. One who is skilled in collecting and tabulatingnumerical facts. statuary n. Statues, collectively considered. statue n. A plastic work representing a human or animal figure, generally in marble or bronze. statuesque adj. Having the grace, pose, or quietude of a statue. statuette n. A figurine. stature n. The natural height of an animal body. statute n. Any authoritatively declared rule, ordinance, decree, or law. stave n. A strip of wood slightly curved transversely, forming part of the sides of a cast. stealth n. A concealed manner of acting. steamboat n. A boat or vessel propelled by steam. steamship n. A large vessel propelled by steam and designed for ocean traffic. stellar adj. Pertaining to the stars. stem-winding adj. Wound by turning a head or button on the end of a stem. stenograph n. A character used or a writing made in shorthand stenographer n. One who writes any system of shorthand. stenography n. The art of writing in an abbreviated manner, asby the use of contractions or arbitrary symbols. stepbrother n. The son of one's stepmother of stepfather by a former wife. stepmother n. A father's second or subsequent wife. steppe n. One of the extensive plains in Russia and Siberia. stereoscope n. An optical instrument for blending into one image two pictures of an object. stereotype n. A fixed and unvarying representation of anything. sterile adj. Having no reproductive power. sterilize v. To deprive of productive or reproductive power. sterling adj. Genuine. stethoscope n. An apparatus for auscultation, sometimes with atube for conveying sound to the physician's ear. stethoscopy n. The art or act of auscultation of the chest with or without a mechanical device. stiffish adj. Somewhat stiff. stifle v. To smother. stigma n. A mark of infamy or token of disgrace attachingto a person as the result of evil-doing. stile n. A step or series of steps on each side of a fence or wall, to aid in surmounting it. stiletto n. A small dagger. stimulant n. Anything that rouses to activity or to quickened action. stimulate v. To rouse to activity or to quickened action. simulation n. The condition of being roused to activity or to quickened action. stimulus n. Incentive. stingy adj. Extremely close and penurious. stipend n. A definite amount paid at stated periods in compensation for services or as an allowance. stirrup n. A loop or pocket suspended from the side of a saddle, to aid in mounting. Stoicism n. The principles and the doctrine or the practiceof the Stoics. stolid adj. Expressing no power of feeling or perceiving. stomach n. One of the principal organs of digestion. straight adj. Having no curvature or angularities. strait n. A narrow passage of water connecting two largerbodies of water. strangle v. To choke to death. stratagem n. Any clever trick or device for obtaining an advantage. strategic adj. Pertaining to the display and exercise of skill and forethought in carrying out one's plans.strategy n. The display or exercise of skill and forethought in carrying out one's plans. stratocracy n. Military despotism. stratum n. A natural or artificial layer, bed, or thickness of any substance or material. strawberry n. The fruit of any plant of the genus Fragaria. streamlet n. Rivulet. strength n. Power. strengthen v. To increase the vigor or stability of. stress n. Special weight, importance, or significance. stretch v. To extend in the direction of its length, as between two points. stria n. A narrow streak, stripe, or band of distinctivecolor, structure, or texture. stringency n. Strictness. stringent adj. Rigid. stripling n. A mere youth. structure n. The arrangement and organic union of parts in a body or object. struggle n. Strenuous endeavor. stucco n. A fine plaster made of gypsum and glue-water orof powdered white marble, sand, gypsum, and water.studio n. The workroom of an artist or photographer. studious adj. Having or showing devotion to the acquisitionof knowledge. stultify v. To give an appearance of foolishness to. stumbling-block n. A difficulty or impediment. stupefacient adj. Having power to deprive of perception or sensibility, as a person or animal. stupefy v. To deprive of perception or sensibility, as a person or animal. stupendous adj. Of prodigious size, bulk, or degree. stupor n. Profound lethargy. sturgeon n. A fish. sty n. A pen or an enclosure for swine. Styx n. River of the lower region over which the shadeswere ferried to the permanent abodes of the dead. suasion n. The act of persuading. suave adj. Smooth and pleasant in manner. subacid adj. Somewhat sharp or biting. subaquatic adj. Being, formed, or operating under water. subconscious adj. Being or occuring in the mind, but without attendant consciousness or conscious perception. subjacent adj. Situated directly underneath. subjection n. The act of bringing into a state of submission. subjugate v. To conquer. subjunctive adj. Pertaining to that mode of the finite verb that is used to express doubtful assertion. subliminal adj. Being beneath the threshold of consciousness. sublimity n. Grandeur or vastness of extent, duration, or power. sublingual adj. Situated beneath the tongue. submarine adj. Existing, done, or operating beneath the surface of the sea. submerge v. To place or plunge under water. submergence n. The act of submerging. submersible adj. Capable of being put underwater. submersion n. The act of submerging. submission n. A yielding to the power or authority of another. submittal n. The act of submitting. subordinate adj. Belonging to an inferior order in a classification. subpoena n. A judicial writ requiring a person to appear ata specified time and place. subscribe v. To agree to receive and pay for an article, as a periodical, in advance of delivery. subsequent adj. Following in time. subservience n. The quality, character, or condition of being servilely following another's behests. subservient adj. Servilely following another's behests. subside v. To relapse into a state of repose and tranquility. subsidiary n. Assistant. subsist v. To be maintained or sustained. subsistence n. Sustenance. substantive adj. Solid. substitute n. One who or that which takes the place or servesin lieu of another. substitution n. The replacement of one person or thing by another. subtend v. To extend opposite to. subtense n. A line joining to points on the same curve or surface. subterhuman adj. Less than human. subternatural adj. Of a degree below natural. subterposition n. The state of being placed beneath something else. subterfuge n. Evasion. subterranean adj. Situated or occuring below the surface of theearth. subtle adj. Discriminating. subtract v. To take away, as a portion from the whole, or one number or quantity from another. subtrahend n. That which is to be subtracted. subversion n. An overthrow, as from the foundation. subvert v. To bring to ruin. succeed v. To accomplish what is attempted or intended. success n. A favorable or prosperous course or terminationof anything attempted. successful adj. Having reached a high degree of worldly prosperity. successor n. One who or that which takes the place of a predecessor or preceding thing. succinct adj. Concise. succor n. Help or relief rendered in want, danger, difficulty, or distress. succulent adj. Juicy. succumb v. To cease to resist. sucker n. A foolish fellow. suckle v. To allow to take nourishment from the breast. suction n. The production of a partial vacuum. sudatorium n. A hot-air room in a Roman bath. sue v. To institute legal proceedings against for the recovery of some right. sufferance n. Toleration. sufficiency n. An ample or adequate supply. suffix n. A formative element attached to the end of a word or root to modify it. suffrage n. The right or privilege of voting. suffuse v. To cover or fill the surface of. sugar n. A sweet crystalline compound derived chiefly from the juice of the sugar-cane and sugar-beet. suggestible adj. That can be suggested. suggestive adj. Stimulating to thought or reflection. suicide n. Voluntary self-detruction. suite n. A number of connected apartments. suitor n. One who woos a woman, or seeks her hand in marriage. sulphate n. A salt of sulfuric acid. sulphite n. A salt of sulfurous acid. sulphur n. A pale-yellow non-metallic crystalline element. sulphurate adj. Composed of or resembling sulphur. sulphuret n. Certain undecomposed metallic sulfids, especially gold-bearing pyrites. summary n. An abstract. summons n. A call to attend or act, as at a particular place or time. sumptuous adj. Rich and costly. sunstroke n. A sudden cerebral disturbance due to exposure to excessive heat. superabundance n. An excessive amount. superadd v. To add in addition to what has been added. superannuate v. To become deteriorated or incapacitated by longservice. superb adj. Sumptuously elegant. supercilious adj. Exhibiting haughty and careless contempt. superficial adj. Knowing and understanding only the ordinary and the obvious. superfluity n. That part of anything that is in excess of whatis needed. superfluous adj. Being more than is needed. superheat v. To heat to excess. superintend v. To have the charge and direction of, especially of some work or movement. superintendence n. Direction and management. superintendent n. One who has the charge and direction of, especially of some work or movement. superlative n. That which is of the highest possible excellence or eminence. supernatural adj. Caused miraculously or by the immediate exercise of divine power. supernumerary adj. Superfluous. superscribe v. to address or direct as a letter. superscription n. An address on a letter. supersede v. To displace. superstitious adj. Disposed to believe in any popular notion attributing occult influence to trivial things. supervise v. To have a general oversight of. supine adj. Lying on the back. supplant v. To take the place of. supple adj. Easily bent. supplementary adj. Being an addition to an ordinary structure orstructures. supplicant n. One who asks humbly and earnestly. supplicate v. To beg. supposition n. Conjecture. suppress v. To prevent from being disclosed or punished. suppressible adj. Capable of being suppressed. suppression n. A forcible putting or keeping down. supramundane adj. Supernatural. surcharge n. An additional amount charged. surcingle n. A girth, belt, or strap encircling the body of a beast of burden. surety n. Security for payment or performance. surf n. The swell of the sea, that breaks upon a shore. surfeit v. To feed to fulness or to satiety. surgeon n. One who practices the healing art that relates to conditions remedied by manual operations. surgery n. The branch of the healing art that relates to conditions remedied by manual operations. surmise v. To conjecture. surmount v. To overcome by force of will. surplice n. A loose white vestment with full sleeves, worn by the clergy and by choristers in a vested choir.surprise v. To strike with astonishment by some unexpected act or event. surreptitious adj. Clandestine. surrogate n. One who or that which is substituted for or appointed to act in place of another. surround v. To encircle. surveillance n. The act of watching, or the state of being watched. surveyor n. A land-measurer. survival n. A living beyond the life of another person. susceptibility n. A specific capability of feeling or emotion. susceptible adj. Easily under a specified power or influence. suspense n. Uncertainty. suspensible adj. That may be hung down by attaching to something above. suspension n. A hanging from a support. suspicious adj. Inclined to doubt or mistrust. sustenance n. Food. sutler n. A small trader who follows an army and who is licensed to sell goods to the soldiers. sward n. Turf. swarthy adj. Having a dark hue, especially a dark or sunburned complexion. Swedish adj. Of or pertaining to Sweden, the Swedes, or their language. swinge v. To weld together. switchboard n. A board bearing switches for electrical circuits, as in a telephone service. swivel v. To turn on or as on a pivot. swollen adj. Affected with a swelling. swordsmanship n. The art or skill of a swordsman. Sybarite n. A luxurious person. sycamore n. A medium-sized bushy tree. sycophant n. A servile flatterer, especially of those in authority or influence. syenite n« ┴ massivσ plutoniπ rocδ resemblinτ granite¼ excep⌠ tha⌠ i⌠ contain≤ littlσ o≥ n∩ quartz. syllabic adj. Consisting of that which is uttered in a single vocal impulse. syllabication n. Division of words into that which is uttered in a single vocal impulse. syllable n. That which is uttered in a single vocal impulse. syllabus n. Outline of a subject, course, lecture, or treatise. sylph n. A slender, graceful young woman or girl. symmetrical adj. Well-balanced. symmetry n. Relative proportion and harmony. sympathetic adj. Having a fellow-feeling for or like feelings with another or others. symphathize v. To share the sentiments or mental states of another. symphonic adj. Characterized by a harmonious or agreeable mingling of sounds. symphonious adj. Marked by a harmonious or agreeable mingling of sounds. symphony n. A harmonious or agreeable mingling of sounds. symposial adj. Occuring at a conversational feast or banquet symposium n. A conversational feast or banquet. symptom n. Any sign, token, or indication. synagogue n. A building or place of meeting for Jewish worship and religious instruction. synchronism n. Simultaneousness. syndicate n. An association of individuals united for the prosecution of some enterprise. syne adv. Since. syneresis n. The coalescence of two vowels or syllables, as e'er for ever. synod n. An ecclesiatical council. synonym n. A word having the same or almost the same meaning as some other. synopsis n. A syllabus or summary. syntax n. The part of grammar that treats of the sentenceand its construction. synthesis n. Composition. synthetic adj. Tending to reduce particulars to inclusive wholes. syringe n. An instrument by which to withdraw a fluid. systematic adj. Methodical. systole n. The regular contraction of the heart and arteries that impels the blood outward. syzygy n. A dipody or group of two feet. tabernacle n. A tent, booth, or similar structure. tableau n. An arrangement of inanimate figures representing a scene from real life. table d'hote n. A public or common table for guests at a hotel. tablespoonful n. the quantity a tablespoon will hold. tabular adj. Consisting of a list or synopsis arranged in lines or columns. tabulate v. To put into a synoptical list or a schedule. tacit adj. Understood. taciturn adj. Disinclined to conversation. tack n. A small sharp-pointed nail, commonly with tapering sides and a flat head. tact n. Fine or ready mental discernment shown in saying or doing the proper thing. tactical adj. Strategic. tactician n. One who directs affairs with skill and shrewdness. tactics n. Any maneuvering or adroit management for effecting an object. taffeta n. A silk-and-linen or silk-and-wool fabric. tailor-made n. Made by a tailor: said especially of plain, close-fitting garments for women. tale n. A story. talker n. A speaker. tam-o-shanter n. A tight-fitting woolen cap. tangency n. The state of touching. tangent adj. Touching. tangible adj. Perceptible by touch. tannery n. A place where leather is tanned. tantalize v. To tease. tantamount adj. Having equal or equivalent value, effect, or import. tapestry n. A fabric to which a pattern is applied with a needle, designed for ornamental hangings. tarnish v. To lessen or destroy the luster of in any way. taut adj. Stretched right. taxation n. A levy, by government, of a fixed contribution. taxidermy n. The art or process of preserving dead animals or parts of them. technic adj. Technical. technicality n. Something peculiar to a particular art, trade, or the like. technique n. Manner of artistic performance. technography n. The scientific description or study of human arts and industries in their historic development.technology n. The knowledge relating to industries and manufactures. teem v. To be full to overflowing. tegument n. A protecting envelope or membrane, as the skin. telautograph n. A writing or copying telegraph. telegraphic adj. Of or pertaining to the telegraph. telemeter n. An apparatus for determining distances on the earth's surface. telepathy n. Thought-transference. telephony n. The art or process of communicating by telephone. telescope v. To drive together so that one slides into the another like the sections of a spy-glass. telfordize v. To make or cover (roads). telltale adj. That gives warning or information. temerity n. Recklessness. temperament n. Type of mental constitution due to natural characteristic of the bodily organism. Templar n. A member of a great military order founded in the 12th century for the defense of Jerusalem. tempo n. Relative speed or rate of movement. temporal adj. Pertaining to or concerned with the affairs of the present life. temporary adj. Lasting for a short time only. temporize v. To pursue a policy of delay. tempt v. To offer to (somebody) an inducement to do wrong. tempter n. An allurer or enticer to evil. tenacious adj. Unyielding. tenant n. An occupant. tendency n. Direction or inclination, as toward some objector end. tender-hearted adj. Sensitive to love, pity, etc. tendon n. One of the strong cords of connective tissue forming the connections of the muscle. tenement n. A set of rooms designed for the occupancy of a family. tenet n. Any opinion, principle, dogma, or doctrine thata person believes or maintains as true. tennis n. A game played by striking a ball to and fro with rackets over a net stretched across a space. tenor n. A settled course or manner of progress. tense adj. Strained to stiffness. tension n. Mental strain. tentative adj. Done as an experiment. tenure n. The term during which a thing is held. tercentenary adj. Pertaining to a period of 300 years. termagant adj. Violently abusive and quarrelsome. terminal adj. Pertaining to or creative of a boundary, limit. terminate v. To put an end or stop to. termination n. The act of ending or concluding. terminus n. The final point or goal. tern n. A gull-like bird. terrace n. A raised level space or platform, supported by masonry, a bank of turf, or the like. terrestrial adj. Pertaining to land or earth. terrier n. A small, active, wiry dog. terrific adj. Extreme. terrify v. To fill with extreme fear. territorial adj. Pertaining to the domain over which a sovereign state exercises jurisdiction. terse adj. Pithy. testa n. The outer coat of a seed. testacean adj. Having a shell with an aperture through which the protoplasm is protrusile. testaceous adj. Derived from shells or shell-fish. testament n. A will. testator n. The maker of a will. testimonial n. A formal token of regard, often presented in public. tetanus n. A nervous affection characterized by rigid spasmodic contraction of various muscles. tetrarch n. A tributary prince under the Roman republic andempire. text-book n. A book that forms the basis for regular class-instruction. textile n. A woven fabric, or a material suitable for weaving. texture n. The representation of the surface of objects. thearchy n. Government by a supreme deity. theirs poss. pron. pl. Possessive cases of THEY. theism n. Belief in God. theocracy n. A government administered by ecclesiastics. theocrasy n. The mixed worship of polytheism. theologian n. A professor of divinity. theological adj. Based on or growing out of divine revelation. theology n. The branch of theological science that treats of God. theoretical adj. Directed toward knowledge for its own sake without respect to applications. theorist n. One given to speculating. theorize v. To speculate. thereabout adv. Near that number, quantity, degree, place, ortime, approximately. therefor adv. For that or this. thermal adj. Of or pertaining to heat. thermomelectric adj. Denoting electricty produced by heat. thermoelectricity n. Electricity generated by differences of temperature, thermopile n. A thermoelectric battery. thermostat n. A device for the automatic regulation of temperature. thesaurus n. A repository of words or knowledge. thesis n. An essay or treatise on a particualr subject. thievery n. The practice of stealing. thimble n. A cap, band, or broad ring of metal, worn on the end of the finger in sewing. thinker n. One who thinks. thirdly adv. In the third place. thorough adj. Leaving nothing undone. thoroughbred adj. Bred from the best or purest blood or stock. thoroughfare n. A public street or road. thorp n. A village or hamlet. though conj. Notwithstanding the fact that. thought n. Mental activity. thrall n. One controlled by an appetite or a passion. threefold adj. Triple. throe n. Extreme struggling anguish. through prep. Into at one side, end, or point, and out of at another. thunder-storm n. A local storm acoompanied by lightening and thunder. thurible n. A censer. thwaite n. Wild land made arable. thyme n. A plant cultivated for seasoning in cookery. tic n. Spasmodic twitching of muscles, especially of the face. tier n. One of the rows of things placed one above another. tierce n. A third. tike n. An uncouth fellow. tilth n. Cultivation. timbre n. The quality of a tone, as distinguished from intensity and pitch. timorous adj. Lacking courage. tincture n. A solution, usually alcoholic, of some principle used in medicine. tinge n. A faint trace of color. tingle n. A prickly, stinging sensation. tinner n. A miner employed in tin-mines. tinsel n. Very thin glittering bits of metal used to ornament articles of dress. tipstaff n. A bailiff. tipsy adj. Befuddled with drinks. tiptoe n. The tip of a toe, or the tips of all the toes collectively. tirade n. Harangue. tireless adj. Untiring. tiresome adj. Wearisome. tissue n. One of the elementary fabrics of which an organis composed. Titanic adj. Of vast size or strength. title n. An inscription that serves as a name for designating something. tobaggan n. A sled-like vehicle, curved upward at the forward end. together adv. Into or in union with each other. toilsome adj. Laborious. tolerable adj. Moderately good. tolerance n. Forbearance in judging of the acts or opinions of others. tolerant adj. Indulgent. tolerate v. To passively permit or put up with. toleration n. A spirit of charitable leniency. toll n. A fixed compensation for some privilege grantedor service rendered. tomahawk n. The North-American Indan battle-ax or hatchet. tongue-tied adj. Debarred from speaking or from speaking freely. tonsil n. One of two oval lymphoid organs situated on either side of the throat. tonsillitis n. Inflammation of the tonsils. tonsure n. The act of shaving the head or the crown of thehead, or the state of being thus shaven. topography n. The art of representing on a map the physical features of any locality or region with accuracy. torpedo n. A device containing an explosive commonly designed to be fired by concussion. torpor n. Apathy. torrid adj. Excessively hot. torso n. The trunk of the human body. tortious adj. Wrongful. tortuous adj. Abounding in irregular bends or turns. torturous adj. Marked by extreme suffering. tour n. A round trip or journey of considerable extent. tournament n. Any contest of skill involving a number of competitors and a series of games. track n. A footprint or series of footprints. tract n. Expanse or stretch, especially of land or water. tractable adj. Easily led or controlled. traction n. The act of drawing by motive power over or along a surface. tragedian n. An actor in the form of drama in which the theme is solemn, lofty, or pathetic. tragedy n. The form of drama in which the theme is solemn,lofty, or pathetic. tragic adj. Involving death or calamity. trait n. A distinguishing feature or quality. trajectory n. The path described by a projectile moving undergiven forces. trammel n. An impediment. tranquil adj. Calm. tranquilize v. To soothe. tranquility n. Calmness. transalpine adj. Situated on the otherside of the Alps. transact v. To do business. transatlantic adj. Situated beyond or on the other side of the Atlantic. transcend v. To surpass. transcendent adj. Surpassing. transcontinental adj. Extending or passing across a continent. transcribe v. To write over again (something already written) transcript n. A copy made directly from an original. transfer v. To convey, remove, or cause to pass from one person or place to another. transferable adj. Capable of being conveyed from one person or place to another. transferee n. The person to whom a transfer is made. transference n. The act of conveying from one person or place to another. transferrer n. One who or that which conveys from one person or place to another. transfigure v. To give an exalted meaning or glorified appearance to. transfuse v. To pour or cause to pass, as a fluid, from one vessel to another. transfusible adj. Capable of being poured from one vessel to another. transfusion n. The act of pouring from one vessel to another. transgress v. To break a law. transience n. Something that is of short duration. transient n. One who or that which is only of temporary existence. transition n. Passage from one place, condition, or action toanother. transitive adj. Having, requiring, or terminating upon a direct object. transitory adj. Existing for a short time only. translate v. To give the sense or equivalent of in another language or dialect. translator n. An interpreter. translucence n. The property or state of allowing the passage of light. translucent adj. Allowing the passage of light. transmigrate v. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another, for the purpose of residence in. transmissible adj. That may e sent through or across. transmission n. The act of sending through or across. transmit v. To send trough or across. transmute v. To change in nature, substance, or form. transparent adj. Easy to see through or understand. transpire v. To come to pass. transplant v. To remove and plant in another place. transposition n. The act of reversing the order or changing the place of. transude v. To pass through the pores or interstices, as ofa membrane. transverse adj. Lying or being across or in a crosswise direction. travail n. Hard or agonizing labor. travesty n. A grotesque imitation. tray n. A flat shallow vessel with slightly raised edges. treacherous adj. Perfidious. treachery n. Violation of allegiance, confidence, or plighted faith. treadle n. A lever operated by the foot and designed to impart motion to a mechanism. treasonable adj. Of the nature of betrayal, treachery, or breech of allegiance. treasurer n. An officer authorized to receive, care for, anddisburse public revenues. treatise n. An elaborate literary composition presenting a subject in all its parts. treble adj. Multiplied by three. trebly adv. Triply. trefoil n. A flower or leaf with three cusps. tremenduous adj. Awe-inspiring. tremor n. An involuntary trembling or shivering. tremulous adj. Characterized by quivering or unsteadiness. trenchant adj. Cutting deeply and quickly. trepidation n. Nervous uncertainity of feeling. trespass v. To violate willfully and forcibly the personnalor property rights of another. trestle n. An open braced framework for supporting the horizontal stringers of a railway-bridge. trey n. A card or die having three spots. trisyllable n. A word of three syllables. trivalence n. The property of having a valence of three. triad n. A group of three persons of things. triangle n. A figure bounded by three lines and having consequently three angles. triangulate v. To divide into a figure bounded by three lines and consequently having three angles. triangulation n. The act of dividing into a figure bounded by three lines, and consequently having three angles.tribunal n. A court of justice. tribune n. Any champion of the rights and liberties of thepeople: often used as the name for a newspaper. trickery n. Artifice. trickle v. To cause to flow slowly or by drops. trickster n. A cheat. tricolor adj. Of three colors. tricycle n. A three-wheeled vehicle. trident n. The three-pronged fork that was the emblem of Neptune. triennial adj. Taking place every third year. triforium n. A gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave or choir in a church or cathedral. triglyph n. An ornament of the Doric frieze, consisting of a tablet with three parallel vertical channels. trimming n. Something added for ornament or to give a finished appearance or effect. trimness n. Neatness. Trinitarian adj. Of or pertaining to the Trinity or Trinitarianism. trinity n. A threefold personality existing in the one divine being or substance. trio n. Three things grouped or associated together. triple adj. Threefold. triplicate adj. Composed of or pertaining to three related things or parts. triplicity n. The state of being triple or threefold. tripod n. A three-legged stand, usually hinged near the top, for supporting some instrument. trisect v. To divide into three parts, especially into three equal parts. trite adj. Made commonplace by frequent repitition. triumvir n. One of three men united coordinately in public office or authority. trivial adj. Of little importance or value. trope n. A short distinguishing cadence peculiar to Gregorian melodies. trophesial adj. Having deranged nutrition from disorder of the motor nerve-force. tropic n. Either of the two points in the celestial sphere where apparently the sun stops and reversestropical adj. Intense. trouble n. That which causes mental suffering or distress. troublesome adj. Burdensome. troupe n. A company of actors, minstrels, acrobats, or performers of any sort. trousseau n. A bride's outfit, especially of clothing. trowel n. A flat-bladed, pointed implement having an offset handle parallel with the blade. truculence n. Ferocity. truculent adj. Having the character or the spirit of a savage. truism n. A statement so plainly true as hardly to require statement or proof. truly adv. In conformity with fact or reality. truncheon n. A short, heavy stick. trustee n. Any one who holds property in trust. trustful adj. Disposed to believe. trustworthy adj. Reliable. truthful adj. Veracious. tubercle n. A small rounded eminence. tuberculosis n. a depraved constitutional diathesis due to the presence of nodules within some organ or tissue tuberose n. An ornamental bulbous plant. tuberous adj. Marked or covered with projections, knobs, orprominences. tubular adj. Having the form of a tube. Tuesday n. The third day of the week. tuition n. The charge made or money paid for instruction. tulip n. An ornamental plant. tumefacient adj. Puffy. tumor n. A local swelling on or in any part of the body,especially from some morbid growth. tun n. A large cask, properly one for containing alcoholic liquors. turbine n. A water-wheel turning on a vertical axis. turbulent adj. Being in violent agitation or commotion. turbulence n. The state or condition of being violently disturbed, restless, or confused. turgid adj. Swollen. turpentine n. An oleoresin exuding from any one of several coniferous trees. turpitude n. Depravity. turquoise n. A sky-blue or apple-green hydrous aluminum phosphate highly esteemed as a gem. turret n. A small tower rising above a larger structure, often erected at an angle of a large building. tutelage n. The act of training or the state of being underinstruction. tutelar adj. Protective. tutorship n. The office of a guardian. twinge n. A darting momentary local pain. two-legged n. Having two legs. two-sided adj. Having two aspects or phases. typhoid n. An infectious fever marked by great prostrationand severe intestinal irritation. typhoon n. A wind of cyclonic force and peculiar violence. typhus n. A continued fever marked by a peculiar rash manifested at first by delirium. typical adj. Characteristic. typify v. To serve as a characteristic example of. typographical adj. Pertaining to typography or printing. typography n. The arrangement of composed type, or the appearance of printed matter. tyrannical adj. Despotic. tyranny n. Absolute power arbitrarily or unjustly administrated. tyro n. One but slightly skilled in or acquainted with any trade or profession. Tyrolese adj. Of or pertaining to Tyrol, an Austrian Alpineprovince. ubiquitous adj. Being present everywhere. ulterior adj. Not so pertinent as something else to the matter spoken of. ultimate adj. Beyond which there is nothing else. ultimatum n. A final statement or proposal, as concerning terms or conditions. ultimo adv. In the month next preceding the present month. ultrafashionable adj. Carrying fashionable observance to excess. ultramundane adj. Pertaining to supernatural things or to another life. ultramontane adj. Beyond the mountains, especially beyond the Alps (that is, on their Italian side). umbrage n. A sense of injury. umbrageous adj. Supplying shade. unaccountable adj. Inexplicable. unaffected adj. Sincere. unanimous adj. Sharing the same views or sentiments. unanimity n. The state or quality of being of one mind. unavoidable adj. Inevitable. unbearable adj. Unendurable. unbecoming adj. Unsuited to the wearer, place, or surroundings. unbelief n. Doubt. unbiased adj. Impartial, as judgment. unbind v. To set loose. unbolt v. To release, as a door. unbridled adj. Being without restraint. uncial adj. Of large, uniform, open style: said of handwriting. uncommon adj. Rare. unconscionable adj. Ridiculously or unjustly excessive. unconscious adj. Not cognizant of objects, actions, etc. unction n. The art of anointing as with oil. unctuous adj. Oily. undeceive v. To free from deception, as by apprising of the real state of affairs. undercharge v. To make an inadequate charge for. underexposed adj. Insufficiently exposed for proper or full development, as negatives in photography. undergarment n. A garment to be worn under the ordinary outer garments. underman v. To equip with less than the full complement of men. undersell v. To sell at a lower price than. under-sheriff n. A deputy sheriff, especially one upon whom the sheriff's duties devolve in his absence. undersized adj. Of less than the customary size. underbrush n. Small trees and shrubs growing beneath the large trees of a forest. underclothes n. pl. Clothes designed for underwear. underdone adj. Insufficiently cooked, as meat. underfoot adv. Beneath the feet. undergraduate adj. A student of a university who has not taken the bachelor's degree. undergrowth n. A growth of smaller plants among larger ones. underhanded adj. Clandestinely carried on. underlie v. To be the ground or support of. underling n. A subordinate. undermine v. To subvert in an underhand way. underrate v. To undervalue. understate v. To fail to put strongly enough, as a case. undertaker n. One whose business it is to arrange for burying the dead and to oversee funerals. undervalue v. To underestimate. underworld n. Hades. underwrite v. To issue or be party to the issue of a policy of insurance. undoubtedly adv. Indubitably. undress v. To remove one's clothing. undue adj. More than sufficient. undulate v. To move like a wave or in waves. undulous adj. Resembling waves. unemployed adj. Out of work. unessential adj. Not absolutely required. uneven adj. Not level. unfavorable adj. Adverse. unfinished adj. Not finished. unfriendly adj. Hostile. ungainly adj. Clumsy. unguent n. Any ointment or lubricant for local application. unicellular adj. Consisting of a single cell. univalence n. Monovalency. unicorn n. A fabulous animal described by ancient authors as having a single straight horn on the forehead. unify v. To cause to be one. unique adj. Being the only one of its kind. unison n. A condition of perfect agreement and accord. unisonant adj. Being in a condition of perfect agreement andaccord. Unitarian adj. Pertaining to a religious body that rejects the doctrine of the Trinity. unlawful adj. Illegal. unlimited adj. Unconstrained. unnatural adj. Artificial. unnecessary adj. Not essential under the circumstances. unnerve v. To rob of strength or power. unrest n. Disquietude. unsettle v. To put into confusion. unsophisticated adj. Showing inexperience. unspeakable adj. Abominable. unsuccessful adj. Failing or having failed. untie v. To loosen, as a knot. until conj. To the time when. untimely adj. Unseasonable. untoward adj. Causing annoyance or hindrance. untrue adj. False. untruth n. A lie. unutterable adj. Inexpressible. unwelcome adj. Not desired. unwell adj. Somewhat ill. unwieldy adj. Moved or managed with difficulty, as from great size or awkward shape. unwise adj. Foolish. unyoke v. To separate. up-keep n. Maintenance. up to date n. To the present time. up-town adj. Pertaining to or resident in the upper part of a town or city. upbraid v. To reproach as deserving blame. upcast n. A throwing upward. upheaval n. Overthrow or violent disturbance of establishedorder or condition. upheave v. To raise or lift with effort. up-hill adj. Extending, leading, or sloping upward. upholster v. To furnish with stuffing, springs, coverings, cushioning, or trimmings. upholstery n. Textile decoration of an apartment. uplift n. A mental or moral raising up. uppermost adj. First in order of precedence. uprising n. Strong excitement of feeling and corrreponding action, especially on the part of many people. uproarious adj. Noisy. uproot v. To eradicate. upturn v. To throw into confusion. urban adj. Of, or pertaining to, or like a city. urbanity n. Refined or elegant courtesy. urchin n. A roguish, mischievous boy. urgency n. The pressure of necessity. usable adj. Such as can be used. usage n. Treatment. useful adj. Productive of good. usher n. One who conducts persons to seats, as in a church or place of amusement. usurious adj. Taking unlawful or exorbitant interest on money loaned. usurp v. To take possession of by force. usury n. The demanding for the use of money as a loan, arate of interest beyond what is allowed by law. utensil n. An implement or vessel for domestic or farming use. utilitarianism n. The ethical doctrine that actions are right because they are useful or of beneficial tendency.utility n. Fitness for some desirable practical purpose. utmost n. The greatest possible extent. vacancy n. Emptiness. vacate v. To leave. vaccinate v. To inoculate with vaccine virus or virus of cowpox. vacillate v. To waver. vacuous adj. Empty. vacuum n. A space entirely devoid of matter. vade-mecum n. Anything that is carried on the person for constant use. vagabond n. A wanderer. vagary n. Wild fancy. vagrant n. An idle wanderer. vainglory n. Excessive, pretentious, and demonstrative vanity. vale n. Level or low land between hills. valediction n. A bidding farewell. valedictorian n. Student who delivers an address at graduating exercises of an educational institution. valedictory n. A parting address. valence n. The property possessed by elements of combiningwith other elements in definite proportion. valet n. A man servant who attends on the person of a gentleman. valid adj. Founded on truth. valorous adj. Courageous. valuable n. A thing of desirablity or worth. vane n. A thin plate of metal or wood at the top of a building to indicate direction of the wind. Vanilla n. A genus of robust, tall-climbing orchids. vapid adj. Having lost sparkling quality and flavor. vaporizer n. An atomizer. variable adj. Having a tendency to change. variance n. Change. variant n. A thing that differs from another in form only,being the same in essence or substance. variation n. Modification. variegate v. To mark with different shades or colors. vassal n. A slave or bondman. vasty adj. Having or being of great extent. vaudeville n. A variety show. veal n. The flesh of a calf when killed and used for food. vegetal adj. Of or pertaining to plants. vegetarian n. One who believes in the theory that man's food should be exclusively vegetable. vegetate v. To live in a monotonous, passive way without exercise of the mental faculties. vegetation n. Plant-life in the aggregate. vegetative adj. Pertaining to the process of plant-life. vehement adj. Very eager or urgent. vehicle n. That in or on which anything is or may be carried. velocity n. Rapid motion. velvety adj. Marked by lightness and softness. venal adj. Mercenary. vendee n. The person or party to whom something, especially land, is sold. vendible adj. Marketable. vendition n. The act of selling. vendor n. A seller. veneer n. Outside show or elegance. venerable adj. Meriting or commanding high esteem. venerate v. To cherish reverentially. venereal adj. Pertaining to or proceeding from sexual intercourse. Venetian adj. Of or pertaining to Venice, Italy. vengeance n. Revenge. venial adj. That may be pardoned or forgiven. venison n. The flesh of deer. venom n. The poisonous fluid that certain animals secrete. venous adj. Of, pertaining to, or contained or carried ina vein or veins. ventilate v. To admit fresh air into. ventilator n. A device or arrangement for supplying fresh air. ventriloquism n. The art of speaking in such a manner that the sounds seem to come from some other source. venture v. To run the risk of. venue n. The place or neighborhood where a crime is committed or a cause of action arises. Venus n. The Roman goddess of love. veracious adj. Habitually disposed to speak the truth. veracity n. Truthfulness. veranda n. An open portice or gallery extending along one or more sides of a building. verb n. That part of speech which asserts, declares, orpredicts something. verbal adj. Expressed in words orally. verbal noun n. A noun directly derived from a verb, in Englishoften having the form of the present participle. verbatim adv. Word for word. verbiage n. Use of many words without necessity. verbose adj. Wordy. verdant adj. Green with vegetation. verdict n. The decision of a trial jury. verdure n. Greenness or green foilage. Vergilian adj. Pertaining to or in the style of Vergil, the eminent Roman epic poet. verification n. The act of proving to be true, exact, or accurate. verify v. To prove to be true, exact, or accurate. verily adv. In truth. verity n. Truth. vermicelli n. A wheaten paste made into slender pipes resembling worms. vermilion n. A brilliant durable red pigment. vermin n. A noxious or troublesome animal. vernacular n. The language of one's country. vernal adj. Belonging to or suggestive of the spring. versatile adj. Having an aptitude for applying oneself to new and varied tasks or to various subjects. versify v. To change from prose into verse. version n. A description or report of something as modified by one's character or opinion. versus prep. Against. vertebra n. One of the segmented portions of the spinal column. vertex n. Apex. vertical adj. Lying or directed perpendicularly to the horizon. vertigo n. Dizziness. vesper n. The evening services of prayer or song. vertibule n. A small antechamber between a principal outer door of a building and an interior one. vestige n. A visible trace, mark, or impression, of something absent, lost, or gone. vestment n. Clothing or covering. vestry n. A room attached to a church where the clergy, and sometimes choristers, robe for divine service.vesture n. Garments. veteran n. One who has grown old in service. veterinary adj. Pertaining to diseases or injuries of domestic animals and their treatment. veto n. The constitutional right in a chief executive of refusing to approve an enactment. viaduct n. A bridge-like structure to carry a roadway overa valley or ravine, or across another roadway. vial n. A small vessel, commonly of glass and cylindrical. viand n. Provision for a journey. vibrant adj. Resonant. vibrate v. To give a rapid swinging or oscillating motion to. vibration n. Oscillation. vibrator n. One who or that which oscillates. vibrio n. A form of bacterium in which the cells are but slightly sinuous and have a filament at each one. vicar n. One who is authorized to perform functions, especially religious ones, in the stead of anothervicar-general n. A Roman Catholic functionary corresponding withthe archdeacon of the medieval church. vicarious adj. Suffered or done in place of or for the sake of another. vice-admiral n. A naval officer next in rank after an admiral. vice-chancellor n. A judge in equity courts subordinate to the chancellor. vice-consul n. One who exercises consular authority, either asthe substitute or as the subordinate of a consul. vice-president n. One who is set to act, on occasion, in place ofa president. viceregent adj. Acting in the place of another, usually in the place of a superior. viceroy n. A ruler acting with royal authority in place ofthe sovereign in a colony or province. vicissitude n. A change, especially a complete change, of condition or circumstances, as of fortune. Victoria n. The goddess of victory. Victorian adj. of or relating to Victoria, queen of Great Britian and Ireland, or to her reign. victorious adj. Triumphant. victual n. Food. vie v. To contend. view n. Range of vision. view-point n. Point of view. vigilance n. Alert and intent mental watchfulness in guarding against danger. vigilant adj. Being on the alert to discover and ward off danger or insure safety. vignette n. A picture having a background or that is shadedoff gradually. village n. A collection of houses larger than a hamlet andsmaller than a town or city. villager n. On who lives in a village. villain n. A basely wicked person. vinaceous adj. Of or pertaining to wine or grapes. vincible adj. Conquerable. vindicate v. To prove true, right, or real. vindicatory adj. Punitive. vindicative adj. Revengeful. vinery n. A greenhouse for grapes. vintage n. The yield of a vineyard or district for a single season. viol n. A stringed instrument of the violin class. viola n. A musical instrument somewhat larger than a violin. Viola n. A large genus of usually small plants of the violet family. violator n. One who transgresses. violation n. Infringement. violinist n. One who plays the violin. violoncello n. A stringed instrument held between the player'sknees. virago n. A bold, impudent, turbulent woman. virile adj. Masculine. virtu n. Rare, curious, or beautiful quality. virtual adj. Being in essence or effect, but not in form or appearance. virtuoso n. A master in the technique of some particular fine art. virulence n. Extreme poisonousness. virulent adj. Exeedingly noxious or deleterious. visage n. The face, countenence, or look of a person. viscount n. In England, a title of nobility, ranking fourthin the order of British peerage. vise n. a clamping device consisting usually of two jaws made to be closed together by a screw. visionary n. A dreamer. vista n. A view or prospect. visual adj. Perceptible by sight. visualize v. To give pictorial vividness to a mental representation. vitality n. The state or quality of being necessary to existence or continuance. vitalize v. To endow with life or energy. vitiate v. To contaminate. vitreous adj. Pertaining to glass. vitriol n. Sulfuric acid. vituperable adj. Deserving of censure. vivacious adj. Full of life and spirits. vivacity n. Liveliness. vivarium n. A place, as a park, or pond, for keeping live animals. vivify v. To endue with life. vivisection n. The dissection of a living animal. vocable n. a word, especially one regarded in relation merely to its qualities of sound. vocabulary n. A list of words. vocative adj. Of or pertaining to the act of calling. vociferance n. The quality of making a clamor. vociferate v. To utter with a loud and vehement voice. vociferous adj. Making a loud outcry. vogue n. The prevalent way or fashion. volant adj. Flying or able to fly. volatile adj. Changeable. volcano n. An opening in the earth's surface surrounded byan accumulation of ejected material. volition n. An act or exercise of will. volitive adj. Exercising the will. volley n. Any discharge of many things at once, especiallly when accompanied with noise. voluble adj. Having great fluency in speaking. voluminous adj. Of great volume, bulk, or size. volunteer n. One who offers himself for any service of his own free will or intention. voluptuous adj. having fulness of beautiful form, as a woman,with or without sensuous or sensual quality. vomit v. To throw up or eject from the stomach, especially as a result of nausea. voracious adj. Eating with greediness or in very large quantities. vortex n. A mass of rotating or whirling fluid, especially when sucked spirally toward the center.votary adj. Consecrated by a vow or promise. votive adj. Dedicated by a vow. vouchee n. A person who is called into an action to warrant or defend a title. voucher n. Any material thing that serves to attest in a alleged act. vouchsafe v. To grant. vowel n. A sound or tone produced by the vibrations of the vocal cords. vulcanize v. To cause to undergo the process of treating crude india-rubber with sulfur. vulgarity n. Lack of refinement in conduct or speech. vulnerable adj. Capable of receiving injuries. vulture n. An Old World bird feeding mostly on carrion. wade v. To pass through or cross, as a river, by walking on the bottom. waif n. A homeless, neglected wanderer. wain n. A four-wheeled vehicle for conveyance of merchandise. waistcoat n. A vest. waive v. To relinquish, especially temporarily, as a right or claim. wale n. A ridge, especially on the surface of cloth. wall-eye n. A large staring eye, as of a fish. waltz n. A dance characterized by evenness and smoothness of step. wampum n. Beads strung on threads, formerly used among the American Indians as currency. wane v. To diminish in size and brilliancy. wantonness n. Recklessness. warlike adj. Belligerent. warm-hearted adj. Showing a kind, affectionate, sympathetic nature. warrant n. Guaranty. warrantee n. The party or person to whom a warrant is made or given. washerwoman n. Laundress. Washingtonian n. An inhabitant of Washington, the city or the State. water-lily n. A plant. water-mark n. A series of translucent designs in the body of paper, usually adopted by a manufacturer. watermelon n. The large edible fruit of a trailing plant of the gourd family. water-work n. A system of machines, buildings, and appliancesfor furnishing a water-supply. wavelet n. A ripple. weak adj. Lacking in physical strength. weak-kneed adj. Without resolute purpose or energy. weal n. Well-being. weald n. An exposed forest area. wean v. To transfer (the young) from dependence on mother's milk to another form of nourishment. wear v. To carry on the person, as a garment. wearisome adj. Fatiguing. weasel n. A small elongated carnivore. weather n. The general condition of the atmosphere of a place at a given time. weather-beaten adj. Bearing the effects of exposure to weather. web-footed adj. Having the toes connected by a memebrane, as many aquatic animals. Wednesday n. The fourth day of the week. wee adj. Very small. week n. A period of seven succesive days. ween v. To guess. weigh v. To find the weight of by comparing with an authorized unit of weight. weird adj. Unearthly. welfare n. Exemption from pain or discomfort. well-bred adj. Of good ancestory. well-doer n. A performer of moral and social duties. well-spoken adj. Fitly or excellently said. well-to-do adj. In prosperous circumstances. well-wisher n. One who wishes well to another or to a cause. well-being n. A condition of well-grounded happiness or prosperity. wen n. A tumor containing liquid occurring commonly onthe scalp. werwolf n. A person who, according to medieval superstition, became a wolf. westerly adj. Inclining toward, coming from, or exposed toward the west. wether n. A castrated ram. wet-nurse n. A woman who is hired to suckle the babe of another woman. whale n. A mammal of fish-like form. wharf n. A landing-place for vessels and their cargoes. wharfage n. Money paid or charged for the privilege of landing goods upon a wharf. wheelwright n. A man whose business is to make or repair wheels and wheeled vehicles. wheeze v. To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as in asthma. wheezy adj. Asthmatic. where adv. At or in what place, relation, or situation. whereabouts n. The place in or near which a person or thing is. whereupon adv. After which. wherever adv. In or at whatever place. wherewith n. The necessary means or resources. whet v. To make more keen or eager. whether conj. As the first alternative. whey n. A liquid, consisting of water and milk-sugar, that remains, as in making cheese. which pron. What particular one or ones of a certain number or class of impersonal beings or things. whiff n. Any sudden or slight gust of air, especially one bearing an odor. Whig n. A member of the Liberal party in England in the18th and 19th centuries. whimsical adj. Capricious. whine v. To utter with complaining tone. whiskey n. An alcoholic liquor. whistle n. A musical sound, made by sending the breath through a small orifice. whitish adj. Very light gray. whole n. All the parts or elements entering into and making up a thing. wholly adv. Completely. whoop n. A shout of excitement, encouragement, or exultation. whorl n. The fly of a spinning wheel. whose pron. The possessive case of who and often of which. wick n. A band of loosely twisted fibers to convey a supply of liquid illuminant to a flame. wide-awake adj. Marked by vigilance and alertness. widgeon n. A river-duck. wield v. To use, control, or manage, as a weapon, or instrument, especially with full command. wight n. A person, male or female. wile n. An act or a means of cunning deception. wilful adj. Set on having one's own way. will-o-the-wisp n. The ignis fatuus. winsome adj. Attractive. wintry adj. Lacking warmth of manner. wiry adj. Thin, but tough and sinewy. wishful adj. Desirous. witch n. One who is supposed to have influence or dealings with spirits or the devil. witchcraft n. Sorcery. withe n. A band made of twisted or plaited flexible shoots of trees or shrubs, straw, or the like. withhold v. To restrain. within prep. Inside. without prep. Lacking. witless adj. Foolish, indiscreet, or silly. witling n. A person who has little understanding. witticism n. A witty, brilliant, or origunal saying or sentiment. wittingly adv. With knowledge and by design. wizen v. To become or cause to become withered or dry. wizen-faced adj. Having a shriveled face. woman n. An adult human female. woman-suffrage n. Female suffrage. womanhood n. The state or collective qualities of a woman or of womankind. womanly adj. Womanlike. womanlike adj. Feminine. wonderful adj. Marvelous. won't cont. Will not. woodcraft n. Knowledge and skill in such things as belong to woodland life and occupation. woof n. The cross-threads of a woven fabric, carried toand fro by the shuttle. woolly adj. Consisting of, covered with, or resembling wool. word-book n. Dictionary. working-man n. One who earns his bread by manual labor. workmanlike adj. Like or befitting a skilled workman. workmanship n. The art or skill of a workman. workwoman n. A woman who earns her living by manual labor. world n. Universe. worldling n. One who lives merely for this world. world-wise adj. Wise in the affairs and methods of the world. worm-eaten adj. Eaten or bored through by worms. worsted n. A lightly twisted woolen yarn. wort n. A plant of the cabbage kind. would v. Imp. of will, used to make a conditional assertion. wrangle v. To maintain by noisy argument or dispute. wreak v. To inflict, as a revenge or punishment. wrest v. To pull or force away by or as by violent twisting or wringing. wrestle v. To contend, as when two opponents grapple with each other. wretchedness n. Extreme misery or unhappiness. wright n. One whose occupation is to do mechanical work in making something. wring v. To compress by twisting. wristband n. The band or part of the sleeve that covers the wrist. write v. To trace or inscribe on a surface in letters orideographs. writer n. One who engages in literary composition. writhe v. To twist the body, face, or limbs or as in painor distress. writing n. The act or art of tracing or inscribing on a surface letters or ideographs. wry adj. Deviating from that which is proper or right. xebec n. A small sharp-built three-masted vessel. xiphoid adj. Shaped like a sword. xylophone n. A musical instrument. xyster n. An instrument for scraping bones. yacht n. A seagoing vessel, now commonly a steamer, usually with luxurious furnishings, for plesure. yclept pp. Named. year-book n. A book pulished once a year, or annually revised. yearling n. A young animal past its first year and not yet two years old. yeoman n. A petty officer appointed to have in charge thestores pertaining to a designated department. yew n. Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus. Yiddish adj. Jewish. Yogan n. The system of philosophy in which meditation isinculcated as the way to final beatitude. Yogi n. A folower of the Yoga philosophy. yolk n. The yellow portion of an egg. youngling n. A young person, animal, or plant. zealot n. One who espouses a cause or pursues an object in an immoderately partisan manner. zebra n. An African ass-like mammal having the body white or yellowish-brown with dark-brown bands. zeitgeist n. The intellectual and moral tendencies that characterize any age or epoch. zenith n. The culminating-point of prosperity, influence,or greatness. zephyr n. Any soft, gentle wind. zigzag adj. Having a series of short alternating turns or angles from side to side. zinc n. A bluish-white metallic element. zodiac n. An imaginary belt encircling the heavens withinwhich are the larger planets. zonal adj. Pertaining to a belt or area delimited from others, as by the character of its organisms. zoography n. The branch of zoology that describes animals. zooid adj. Having essentially the nature of an animal. zoological adj. Treating of animal organisms. zoologist n. A specialist in the branch of biology that treats of animals. zoology n. The branch of biology that treats of animals. zoophyte n. An invertebrate animal that somewhat resembles a plant in external form or mode of growth. zoospore n. A spore possessing the power of independent motion. Zoroastrian adj. Pertaining to Zoroaster who founded the religion of the Irano-Persians. Zoroastrianism n. The religious system of Zoroaster. Zouave n. A light-armed French infantryman. zwieback n. Biscuit rusk, or a sweet spiced bread toasted. zyme n. A disease-germ.
