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CIVILWAR BATTLE SET American Civil War 1-Player War Game Version 1.3 (c) 1991 W. R. Hutsell 2021 Hutchinson Dr. Kingsport, TN 37660 =========================================================== 1. INTRODUCTION =========================================================== 1.1 Description --------------- CIVILWAR BATTLE SET Version 1.3 is offered as a SHAREWARE product. You may feel free to make copies of this computer software and pass them along to your friends for evaluation. The game programs may be copied and distributed in unmodified form. Users are encouraged to customize the xxx.CIV data files and create their own. If you like the program, you are encouraged to register your copy. Registered users will receive additional scenarios as well as an addtional "computer-vs-computer" program that allows you to quickly assess your own customized scenarios. To register, send $10 to W. R. Hutsell 2021 Hutchinson Dr. Kingsport, TN 37660 CIVILWAR BATTLE SET Version 1.3 contains a number of enhancements and "fixes" to the earlier versions, as well as more detailed documentation. Thanks to the users of the earlier versions who provided helpful feedback and suggestions. CIVILWAR BATTLE SET Version 1.3 is a tactical level war game based on battles from the American Civil War. CIVILWAR BATTLE SET is an IBM adaptation of a program I wrote a few years ago for the Atari computer. It allows you to create, customize, and re-create Civil War battles. 1.2 Hardware Requirements -------------------------- This should run on any IBM or clone which can display ASCII graphics (CIVILWAR uses character graphics only), but does require a color monitor to distinguish armies. The program is written in Quickbasic 4.0 (trademark of Microsoft), and -2- requires DOS 2.1 or higher. The program is provided in complied form, so you do not have to have Quickbasic to enjoy the program. 1.3 Files --------- There are 2 main program files, 2 utility files, and several data files (identified by .CIV extenders). CIVILWAR.EXE - the main war game program CIVILSET.EXE - the scenario editor CIVILCAT.BAT - used by CIVILSET to update the catalog of .CIV files CIVILWAR.CAT - the catalog of .CIV files, used by CIVILCAT.BAT xxx.CIV - battle data files, each representing a battle scenario FILES - complete list of files 1.4 Installation ---------------- The program may be run from a floppy or loaded to your hard drive. All the program files should be in the same directory for the program to work properly. WHEN YOU CREATE YOUR OWN NEW SCENARIOS - PLEASE NOTE : The catalog file uses a utility program, CIVILCAT.BAT which sorts the scenario files alphabetically and stores them in CIVILWAR.CAT. The utility MUST be able to access the SORT command from DOS. (SORT must either be in the same directory as the game, or be accessible through a PATH statement.) If the catalog is not properly updated, YOU CANNOT USE YOUR NEW SCENARIOS. The scenario files (xxx.civ) will still exist, but the game program will not be able to find them. (If you suspect this problem, check to see if the catalog file CIVLWAR.CAT has been reduced to 0 bytes. If it has, the utility did not find the SORT utility). The solution is to either make SORT available to CIVILCAT.BAT or revise it to remove the sort feature. Such a revised file would have the statement: dir *.civ > civilwar.cat This will still work with the program, but the scenarios will not appear in alphabetical order in the program menus. =========================================================== 2. CIVILWAR.EXE - main game program =========================================================== -3- 2.1 Main Menu -------------- The main menu provides you with the following options: a. Select player (show the current side selected and allows you to toggle between Union or Confederate side) b. Load file (load battle xxx.CIV file on current directory). A menu window will appear with a listing of all the battle scenario files available. A maximum of 15 files can be displayed. c. Save file (save in progress battle) Most scenarios will play quickly enough that you will not need this option. You will need to use F10 to return to the options menu to save a game once it has started. NOTE: Program will use filename '$AVEGAME.CIV'. If there is another saved game, it will be over- written. Enhancements have been made on the 'save game' feature to provide confirmation messages during the save and restore process. Also, a fix has been made to correctly reset enemy visibility switches to avoid problems with stacking units on restart. d. Fight (run a loaded battle file). Selecting this option will produce the main battle screen. Once the battle is begun, you may return to the main menu by pressing the F10 key when it is your turn to move. e. Adjust various game parameters. f. Quit option (allows you to exit the program). NOTE: All menus may be used by selecting desired option with arrow keys (up/down, 'Home' for top, 'End' for bottom) and pressing 'Enter'. A short cut is to enter the first letter of the desired command. 'Escape' cancels the menu. 2.1.1 Game Parameters ---------------------- There are several game parameters that you may adjust to "customize" your battles. If you select the game parameter option, a menu will appear which allows you to select and adjust the parameters desired. These are set only for the duration of the game. Unless they are adjusted, they will be at a "normal" setting. -4- Difficulty level makes your opponent either easier or harder to fight. If difficulty is low, the enemy takes proportionately more losses, and is more likely to retreat. If difficulty level is high, the enemy takes proportionately fewer losses, and is more likely to hold his ground. Visibility affects the range at which units can see other units and fire on them with artillery. This is normally set at 18 spaces (a hex is 2 spaces). (See Section 2.4) In order to provide some variation in set scenarios, you may wish to vary the initial positions of units slightly. Adjusting the start position will randomly shift unit locations slightly (both yours and the enemy's). This has no effect on game file; only the game currently being played is affected. The enemy is preset with an 'aggression level', which controls his likelihood of moving to engage and attack, and the intensity of his attacks. This can be adjusted to make the enemy either more or less aggressive. A more aggressive enemy will shift to the offensive and launch more and stronger attacks. A timid enemy will seek cover, launch weaker attacks, and play a more defensive-minded battle. Increased aggressiveness does not necessarily make the enemy harder to defeat, nor does more timidity mean he will be easier to defeat. Good defensive terrain, coupled with a less aggressive strategy, can be very effective. 2.2 Main Battle Screen ---------------------- The battle screen is divided into 4 zones as shown: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╦═══════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ 2 - Armies ║ ║ ║ Summary ║ ║ ║ Data ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ 1 - Battle Map ╠═══════════════╣ ║ ║ 3 - Active ║ ║ ║ Unit ║ ║ ║ Data ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╩═══════════════╝ 4 - Message Window 2.2.1 Battle Map The battle map is based on a hexagonal layout, 27 hexes wide by 20 hexes high, with terrain features shown by character graphics : -5- Graphic ASCII DESCRIPTION MOVEMENT EFFECT ------- ----- --------------------- --------------- . 046 clear or open terrain normal * 042 forest/wooded terrain reduced = 061 swamp/small stream greatly reduced ^ 094 hill/elevation reduced ░ 176 river/lake/water prohibited ∩ 239 mountain greatly reduced # 035 fortification normal Θ 233 objective normal ■ 254 village/house normal 2.2.2 Armies Summary Data The number of turns remaining in the battle is shown in the top section of this zone. A summary is given of the total losses incurred by each army and the number of turns each has occupied the objective. 2.2.3 Active Unit Data A summary is given for the player-controlled unit that is active, showing unit number, unit name, unit type, current strength, terrain, leadership, and morale. In addition, the time the unit will next be available for movement is shown. If the unit is under 'orders', a the message "ORDERS" will appear next to the unit number. The message "DUG IN" appears for entrenched units. The unit displayed is available for moving, is attacking, is being attacked, or is being 'scanned' by the cursor. 2.2.4. Message Window The message window provides comments on battle maneuvers and outcomes as they occur. It also shows when the enemy (computer) is taking its turn. At the very beginning of the game, the enemy will take a longer turn as he sets his overall strategy. Afterwards, enemy turns will be quicker. 2.3 Units --------- 2.3.1 Unit Types There are 4 unit types. They are shown on the display by the first letter of each type, shown in gray for Confederate units and blue for Union units. Type Movement Combat Special Features -------- -------- ------- ------------------------ Infantry average average may 'charge' on open ground if morale is 60 or greater -6- Cavalry fast good very good ATTACK on open (attack) terrain; movement very slow if not on open or clear terrain Artillery slow poor may fire on units at a distance General average poor increased combat effect on adjacent friendly units; can cancel orders of individual unit leaders 2.3.2 Unit Attributes Each unit has a number (simply used for reference by the program, and of no other significance), a name, strength (number of men in unit), leadership (10-110), and morale (10-110). Units which have leadership lower than about 50-60 are poorly led, and will have difficulty in movement and combat. Likewise, units with morale less than about 50-60 will not be very effective, and should be rested if possible. Units with morale lower than 60 cannot use the 'charge' option. During the heat of battle, morale and leadership may go outside the normal bounds. 2.4 Visibility -------------- All your friendly units are visible, but enemy units are not always visible. Enemy units do not become visible until they are within a certain "visibility range" from friendly units. The visibility range is calculated from a base visibility range (set in the battle data file), and adjusted based on the terrain occupied by both the friendly unit and the enemy unit. If your unit occupies a mountain or hill it has increased ability to see enemy units; while occupying a forest or swamp, it has decreased ability to see enemy units. If the enemy is in a forest, he is much more difficult to see, and your unit must be closer. Enemies that move into forests may "disappear" from view. The base visibility range may be altered from the initial menu 2.5 Movement ------------ When one of your units is ready to move, it will be highlighted and a short tone will sound. At that point, you have several options: 2.5.1 Single Hex Movement You may move the unit to an adjacent unoccupied hex by using the appropriate arrow key (numeric key pad). Since the unit may not move directly up or down, the 'up' or 'down' keys are reinterpreted as diagonal 'up' or 'down' moves. You cannot control whether these reinterpreted diagonal moves are right or left (done randomly), so you -7- should generally avoid using the 'up' and 'down' keys for single hex movement. If you attempt to move into a prohibited hex (occupied or water), a tone will sound and the unit will forfeit its turn. After the unit moves, it may reveal enemy units that were previously hidden. Any units that were entrenched at the beginning of the scenario (using the scenario editor) may be reluctant to move from the safety of their trenches. Occasionally such units will not respond to move orders (a message to that effect is displayed). Units that are low on morale or that are poorly led are more likely to do this. (For a more complete description of entrenchment and its effects, see section 3.4.5) 2.5.2 Movement Orders Single hex movement may be tedious. You may wish to give your units orders to move to a particular destination instead. To do this, press 'M' (for 'move') and a cross cursor will appear on top of the unit. Move this cursor with the arrow keys to the desired destination, and press 'Enter'. Your unit will then attempt to move to the selected destination, following the most direct path. (It will not necessarily follow the same path you used in moving the cursor to the destination). If it is blocked by a friendly unit or by prohibited terrain (water or edge of map screen), the movement order will be cancelled, and the unit will wait for new instructions. For destinations that are far away, moving the cursor may be speeded by holding down 'Shift' before pressing the desired arrow key. The cursor will then move to the indicated map edge. Pressing the '5' key at the center of the keypad will center the cursor on the screen. Once a unit has reached its assigned destination, it will flash and a tone will sound, along with a message that it has arrived at its destination. At that point its orders are cancelled, and it will await further instructions. While units are 'under orders' you will not normally be able to access them, even if you change your mind about what they should do. The only way you can overcome this is having one of your General units cancel the unit orders using the 'X' command. (See section 2.7.2). This is not 100% effective (due to communication breakdowns and stubborn subordinate officers). Even if the orders are actually cancelled, morale and leadership may be reduced in units affected due to the -8- conflicts between unit commanders and General unit. Thus, the 'cancel orders' option should be used only as needed to free units that have become locked in combat. Since the General units are your only means to cancel orders, you should usually not give them movement orders. That way, you will be able to access them more frequently. Though your units will normally wait for your commands, on occasion they will decide to move on their own initiative (generally in an attempt to engage an enemy unit which they have sighted). Such units issue their own orders to move to the chosen destination. 2.5.3 Battle Intelligence Press 'I' (for 'intelligence') and a '?' cursor will appear on your unit. You may move this cursor to get intelligence on units that are currently visible. Press 'esc' when done. Placing the cursor over a friendly unit will display that unit's current status in the 'active unit data' window (Section 2.2.3). This is useful to identify units that are 'under orders' which may need to be cancelled, or are bogged down by terrain or combat and not likely to move very soon. Placing the cursor over an enemy unit will reveal the unit name, estimated strength, and the terrain it occupies (displayed in the 'message window'). This command requires 1 time unit. Pressing 'Esc' will cancel the cursor, so the inquiring unit can execute whatever order is desired. There is no time or movement penalty for using this feature. 2.5.4 Wait (Rest) You may not wish to move the unit on its turn. Simply press the space bar, and the unit will rest for a few turns. If morale is low, it will improve slightly. 2.5.5 Charge Infantry units ONLY may double their speed for short distances on OPEN TERRAIN only with a 'C' (CHARGE) command. Units in 'charge' mode will be shown with a distinctive icon Φ (ASCII 232). While in 'charge' mode they will move roughly twice as fast as normal units. If they become involved in combat, or are attacked by artillery, or move into any other than open terrain, they will switch out of 'charge' mode. In addition, each time a unit in 'charge' mode is moved, there is a chance that the unit will simply become too tired to continue to charge. Units that are moved until they are too tired will be delayed in their action for a time while they rest. The 'charge' option affects both movement and combat (increases 'shock' effect of attacks). Units with too low -9- morale will not be able to charge at all until their morale improves. Note that switching to 'charge' mode does require one turn. 2.6 Combat ---------- 2.6.1 Normal Combat Units can attack enemy units in an adjacent hex. To do so, attempt to move the selected unit on top of the enemy. A menu will appear in the 'Armies Summary Data' zone of the screen showing the attack options. Four different intensities of attack are permitted: Option Relative Intensity -------------- ------------------ Light Skirmish 1 Medium Battle 2 Heavy Attack 3 All-Out Assault 8 Note the 'All-Out Assault' is just that, and that it should be used relatively sparingly, since it will result in heavy casualties for both sides. You may abort the attack by pressing the 'escape' key; however, that will forfeit the unit's turn for the current round (the price paid for indecision). Normally your units will wait for you to issue an attack order. However, they may occasionally attack on their own initiative. When this happens, you will receive a message in the 'Message Window' zone, and the attack intensity menu will appear for you to select the intensity, as described above in this section. Pressing 'Esc' will abort the attack for now, but the unit will miss its turn. 2.6.2 Artillery The Artillery units may bombard visible enemy units some distance away, rather than fight adjacent units (which they do very poorly anyway). To fire the cannons, press 'F' (for 'FIRE') when the artillery unit is given its turn to move. The 'c' (cent) sign will appear as a cursor. Also, the range of the cannon and the current distance to target is displayed in the 'Message Window'. You may move the cursor using the arrow keys (as described earlier for unit movement) to the selected target, then press 'Enter'. The results of the cannonade will be displayed in the 'Message Window' and in the 'Armies Summary'. -10- Range of the artillery depends on the same factors as visibility (elevation and cover). Decision-making logic for enemy artillery concentrates more fire on closer units, especially units that threaten the artillery units (those immediately adjacent). This makes artillery units tough to overrun, if they have a chance to fire. There is a (low) probability of artillery exploding and killing members of the firing battery. 2.7 Other Commands ------------------ There are four additional commands which can be accessed by first pressing the '/' (slash) key to display a menu listing the options. There are short cut keys for two of these commands as well, which allows them to be invoked without having to use the menu. One additional command is available through the short cut key only ('Q") 2.7.1 Order of Battle ('O') This option can be accessed from the menu described above or by simply pressing the 'O' (for ORDER of BATTLE) key. This option gives a detailed listing of all your units and their status, as well as listings of known (visible) enemy units. While the information for your own units is accurate, it is only approximately correct for enemy units. This option can also be used to end games where the enemy has been annihilated. (Section 2.11.1) This option also gives the current score for the game in progress. 2.7.2 Quiet ('Q') Sound effects can be toggled on and off by pressing the 'Q' ('QUIET') key. 2.7.3 Reconnaissance (Recon) This option can be accessed through the menu; there is no short cut key (the idea is to discourage use of this option). The word 'RECON' will appear in the 'Unit Summary' zone, and all enemy units will become visible. Selecting this option again will toggle out of the 'Recon' mode and enemy units that would not be visible to your units will disappear. 2.7.4 Screen Redraw ('S') This option can be accessed through the menu, or by simply -11- pressing the 'S' key. This option was included during program development and has been retained if the screen needs cleaning up. 2.7.5 Help This option provides a short summary of the commands on line so you don't have to refer to this documentation for a reminder of commands. 2.8 The General Unit -------------------- The General Unit has some special abilities that are best described in a separate section. 2.8.1 Combat Effect A General unit greatly improves the fighting abilities of adjacent units. However, you must be careful in actually engaging General unit itself, since it is usually relatively weak (which reduces combat effectiveness). 2.8.2 Cancel Order ('X') Sometimes in the thick of battle you will have units engaged in combat (and not moving) or with movement orders which you need to redirect. To cancel existing orders for all friendly units, type 'X' when a General unit has its turn. A message will confirm that orders are being cancelled. Once cancelled, you will be given the chance to issue new orders to each unit that complied. As described earlier, this is not 100% effective (some units will ignore it) and may cause morale and leadership to suffer in units that do comply. 2.9 Passage of Time ------------------- You will notice that you will not get to give orders to every unit on every turn as the game progresses. That is because some of the units have different movement factors (e.g., cannons are slow and cumbersome), are moving through different terrain (such as swamps versus roads), and are moving different distances (single hex versus multiple hexes to a destination). In addition, some units are under fire and other are not. Finally, some units have better leadership and morale, which allows them to respond more rapidly. All these factors are considered in determining if the unit has completed its old orders and is ready for new orders. 2.9.1 Reality -12- Liberties have been taken with time, distance, movement, and unit attributes in the scenarios provided, in the interest of simplicity. In the included scenarios, a time unit may be considered about a 1-2 minutes. Hexes are considered to be about 150 yards each, making game map about 2 miles (high) by 5 miles (wide). An infantry unit can travel at a normal pace 10 hexes (1 mile) in about 40 turns (20 minutes). In "Charge" mode an infantry unit can travel at twice the normal pace (for short distances only) as described in Section 2.5.5. Civil war artillery pieces were quite varied, but a range of about a mile (20 spaces or 10 hexes) is not unreasonable (with most of actual firing actually done at targets that are closer). Unit strengths are intended to be relative approximations only. All these factors can be modified as desired, either in the design of the scenario, or through the game parameters. 2.10 Battle Results ------------------- 2.10.1 Normal Battles - Time and Local Initiative When units become engaged in combat, they are somewhat 'locked in place', and their ability to respond to orders is reduced. They also are more likely to act on their own initiative, to renew the battle without any orders to do so. (See also Section 2.5.2) 2.10.2 Factors Affecting Battle Outcome The primary factors affecting the outcome of battles are shown below: Factor Relative Effect ----- --------------------- Intensity Major Unit Strength Major Unit Leadership Moderate (major if very low) Unit Morale Moderate (major if very low) Terrain * Moderate (major for some conditions, such as cavalry in swamps) Unit Type Moderate (major if Artillery or General units directly involved in combat) Adjacent General Unit Moderate LUCK Slight-Moderate Adjacent Friendly Unit Slight * NOTE: The terrain occupied by each unit is considered in adjusting battle outcome. A unit is at a disadvantage in -13- swamps, but is at an advantage in forest or hill hexes. A unit is at a considerable advantage on mountains or in fort hexes. Cavalry and Artillery units are particularly disadvantaged in swamps, and somewhat disadvantaged in forests. Entrenchment (if any) is also considered. Entrenched units in a bonus in addition to any terrain effect. 2.10.3 Resolving the Battle In resolving the battle, the attacker goes first, then the defender. When the attacker is attacking, the defender's terrain is used in determining defender casualties. When the defender returns fire, the attacker's terrain is used in determining attacker casualties. Attacking is risky business, since the attacker must expose himself, while the defender can take advantage of whatever cover is available. Thus, attackers will generally take proportionally more casualties. The results will be displayed as the battle progresses in the 'Armies Summary' area and in the 'Message Window'. Morale of armies under fire will decrease. 2.10.4 Pull Back (Retreat) If a unit takes particularly heavy casualties, and leadership and morale are appropriately low, it will decide to pull back. When this happens, the unit attempts to retire to one of the 3 hexes furthest from the attacker. The selected hex must be an unoccupied hex. When a unit attempts to pull back, a message will appear and the unit will appear in purple. Morale suffers when armies retreat. Sometimes the enemy unit will have to retreat as well, as a result of the heavy losses it has taken. In some instances, one unit in a battle will have to retreat while the other does not take particularly heavy losses. In these cases, the victorious unit may advance to pursue the fleeing unit. Morale increases for the pursuing units when units are able to pursue an enemy in this manner. Leadership may also improve, as the commander hones his skills. Since pulling back means exposure to enemy fire, units will take additional casualties when they decide to retreat. Units that are cut off and unable to retreat will take particularly heavy additional losses in the confusion. Botched retreats will also reduce effectiveness of unit leadership. 2.10.5 Artillery (Cannonade) -14- Attacks by artillery (cannonades) are a special type of combat. The outcome depends on the strength of the attacking unit, the strength of the defending unit, the terrain, and luck. Given the more uncertain nature of this form of combat, the outcomes are more variable. However, in the long run it will cause considerable damage. Cannonades against units immediately next to the artillery unit will cause twice the normal damage, as the defenders receive cannon fire at pointblank range. 2.10.6 Killed Leaders Occasionally, the unit commander himself will be killed in the battle. When this happens, a message to that effect will appear in the 'Message Window'. The leadership ability of the new leader will be displayed. Unfortunately, it will usually (but not always) be lower than the deceased commander. 2.10.7 Annihilated Units Occasionally units will be eliminated from the battle. This is announced in the message window, and the opponent is awarded 5 additional victory points annihilating the unit. 2.11 End of Game ---------------- 2.11.1 Duration The duration of the game is set in the scenario, and may be altered by using the CIVILSET program (Section 3). The game will continue until the preset time limit has expired. There is no provision for regularly checking the status to determine if one side is completely annihilated (not likely for battles with any semblance of reality). However, you may force this check by selecting the 'Order of Battle' option described in Section 2.7.1. In running this report, if it is determined that one side is wiped out, the game will end. 2.11.2 Score At the end of the game, the final summary statistics are shown along with a final score. The scoring has been modified, based on user feedback. There is less credit given for holding the objective on the last turn. It is difficult to reflect the many factors in a single number. The scores should be looked on as a rough guide to be used for comparison with previous scores for the same scenario. -15- The score attempts to combine a number of factors into an overall evaluation. Do not become discouraged if your score is low for some of the historical scenarios - some of the battles were very unbalanced in real life. The score results from several factors: Factors That Increase Your Score Enemy casualties Each turn you hold objective (victory points) Bonus for holding objective at end of game Eliminating enemy units Difficulty level Factors That Decrease Your Score Your casualties Each turn enemy holds objective Enemy eliminating your units =========================================================== 3. CIVILSET.EXE - scenario editor =========================================================== 3.1 Editing Scenarios CIVILSET allows you to create, modify, and save battle scenarios. A scenario is a combination of battle map (with terrain features and objective) and armies. Scenarios (xxx.CIV) files are saved as "flat" ASCII files and with practice you may choose to use a word processor or text editor to directly modify the files. Likewise, the catalog file (CIVILWAR.CAT) can be edited directly. 3.2. Scenarios - Battle Data Files -------------------- -------------- The main menu gives you options to create, load, save, or modify battle scenario files. 3.2.1. Initial This option zeros all army units and provides a blank game map (all 'clear' hexes). 3.2.2 Load Battle File This option provides you with a list (up to 15) of the xxx.CIV battle data files that are on the current directory, to allow you to select one to load. File selection is done via menu, as described in CIVILWAR Section 2.1.(b). -16- 3.2.3 Save Battle File Before saving the file, you will be prompted to provide the battle name and time limit (Section 3.5) if you have not already done so. You do not need to provide the .CIV extender. The file catalog is updated when the file is saved. Messages will advise you of the status as the file save and catalog update take place. ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ NOTE: BE SURE THE DOS 'SORT' UTILITY IS AVAILABLE FOR ║ ║ THE EDITOR TO ACCESS. OTHERWISE, THE CATALOG FILE WILL ║ ║ BE DESTROYED AND YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO USE YOUR NEW ║ ║ SCENARIO WITHOUT CREATING A NEW CATALOG FILE. IF YOU ║ ║ CATALOG FILE IS LOST, YOU MAY CREATE A NEW ONE (THOUGH ║ ║ NOT ALPHABETIZED) BY TYPING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND AT ║ ║ THE DOS PROMPT: ║ ║ ║ ║ dir *.civ > civilwar.cat ║ ╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ 3.3 Map Edit ------------ This option allows you to move the cursor across the battle map (see CIVILWAR Section 2.2) to place the terrain features described in CIVILWAR Section 2.2.1. To select a feature, you type the letter (lower case) of the one desired. Then, move the cursor (arrow keys) to the desired position and press 'Enter'. If you press 'R' (for 'Repeat') while a given feature is selected, you may continue to place the same feature by simply moving the cursor. This 'Repeat' mode allows you to quickly draw large repetitive map features. Pressing 'R' again will toggle out of the map mode. Water (river/lake) hexes do not permit the 'Repeat' mode. Cursor movement is described in CIVILWAR Section 2.5.2. Except for water, map features take up only one space on the screen. Water hexes actually occupy 3 spaces; these are automatically provided when you place water hexes. However, if you wish to remove a water hex, you must use the space bar to clear, since it removes 3 hexes (the 'clear' terrain option will remove only the central 'water' hex). NOTE: The scenario will not work properly unless it has exactly 1 objective. You must use the 'Esc' key to escape from the map to the initial menu when you have finished editing your map. -17- 3.4 Army Edit ------------- Use the initial menu to access the army edit option. Previously placed army units (if any) will be displayed. You will then have the option to add new units, edit existing units, or remove existing units. Editor also allows 1 letter 'short-cut keys' for placement and editing of units. For instance, 'C' will place a cavalry unit at the position of the cursor. A complete list of 'short cut keys' can be accessed by the help menu ('/' key). Also, a status line is provided to show unit information by passing the cursor over a unit (do not have to bring up the menu). 3.4.1 Add New Unit Move the cursor to the desired location for the unit and press 'Enter'. A menu will pop up indicating you are about to place an army. To place the army, select the army type with the cursor, and press 'Enter'. You will be prompted to enter the name of the unit. After you enter the desired name, press 'Enter' and the unit will be displayed. Unit attributes are set at default values. If you wish to modify them, you must edit the unit (see 3.4.2 below). If you wish to place an army in the location shown, but for the side (Union or Confederate) other than one displayed, move the cursor to the portion of the menu showing the current side and press 'Enter' to toggle to the other side. You may then place the army type as before. Each side has a maximum of 20 units available for positioning. There is no restriction on number of units of a given type. The current number of units of each type and total strength of all units is shown for each side as units are placed or edited. Occasionally the screen will need to be redrawn to replace units that have erased during the edit process. A redraw feature is provided for that purpose. 3.4.2. Edit Existing Unit To edit a unit, move the cursor to the unit and press 'Enter'. You will be given the option to edit the unit. When you elect to edit, a window will be displayed with the unit characteristics: side and number: Rebels numbered 1-20 Yankees numbered 21-40 strength - defaults: 750 for infantry -18- 500 for cavalry 300 for artillery 200 for general morale (default is 80) leadership (default is 80) unit name time delay before first action (default is 0) To change an attribute, select the desired characteristic from the menu. Strength, morale, and leadership are increased by pressing the + key (following instructions on screen); they are decreased by pressing the - key. Unit name may be changed by typing in a new name at the prompt. You cannot change the unit side - if unit placed is for wrong side, delete it and place a new unit for the correct side. 3.4.3 Delete Unit Selecting the 'DELETE UNIT' option from the edit window will remove the unit. This is useful to reposition units or remove incorrect units. 3.4.4 Cancel Edit (Selected Unit) You may cancel the edit of the unit selected by choosing the 'Cancel' option on the menu. (Alternatively, you may use 'Esc' to cancel). 3.4.5 Entrenching Units can be 'entrenched' using the editor. Computer- controlled units that are entrenched at the beginning of a scenario will hold their position during the game. Human- controlled units that are entrenched at the beginning of a scenario may refuse to leave entrenchments (if leadership/morale is low). Even if units follow orders to leave entrenchments, they require extra time to do so. Once units are un-entrenched, they cannot be re-entrenched in the game (though you COULD save the game and re-entrench using the editor). While entrenched, units will fight at a bonus (in addition to any terrain bonus) if attacked. Entrenched artillery units will still fire, but are receive the entrenchment defensive bonus. 3.4.5 Return to Main Menu Press 'Esc' to return from 'Edit Armies' to the editor main menu to save the scenario or modify the map. 3.5 Battle Name and Time Limit ------------------------------ -19- Choose a name for the battle to be displayed at the top of the map. This is simply a title line, and is not the file name. Do not use commas. A suggestion is to use the battle name and date. You must also select a time limit (number of turns) for the scenario. =========================================================== 4. THE SCENARIOS =========================================================== Four scenarios are included with this package. I have had the opportunity to visit all the battle sites represented by these scenarios, to get a "feel" of the terrain and the problems faced. Several of the references used are listed in the bibliography. I welcome your comments and suggestions. 4.1 GETTY1.CIV ---------- This is the first day of Gettysburg, situated north of the town. The Confederates will be on the offensive, trying to drive the Union forces back to Cemetery Hill and capture the objective there. To the northeast, Early will cause problems for Barlow's forces, and poses a real threat to Cemetery Hill. In the north, Ewell has considerable forces, but leadership and terrain will make it difficult to follow up on victories. There will be bitter fighting in the west, as tenacious Federals try to hold out against Heth's "Iron Brigade" and Pender's crack division. 4.2 GETTY2.CIV ---------- The second day of Gettysburg finds Longstreets units trying to circle the Union left flank to reach the objective on Little Round Top. Union forces are over- extended in the center of the screen (peach orchard and wheat field), and will have difficulty fighting their way back to safety. Artillery on both sides causes heavy losses, but Federal artillery is especially effective from Cemetery Ridge. Fighting will be intense in the Devil's Den, as Law and others try to dislodge Chamberlain and Harrow. 4.3 SHILOH.CIV ---------- Pittsburg's Landing on the Tennessee River is the objective and key to the scenario. Confederate units will drive through the rough terrain to face Prentiss and his artillery in the Hornet's Nest. Union forces will take some time to get organized, and will welcome the supporting artillery fire of the gunboats Lexington and Tyler. Lew Wallace's 'lost -20- division' will arrive late in the battle to add strength to the Union defense. 4.4 STONE1.CIV ---------- The first day of the Stone's River battle found both the Union general Rosecrans and the Confederate general Bragg planning to strike at the other's right flank. Bragg struck first. Hardee's troops in the lower left of the screen have momentum, and Wharton's cavalry unit can move quickly over the rolling countryside. The objective is on the Nashville Pike / N&C Railroad line (near Rosecrans HQ). Union forces must regroup and use the superior firepower of Mendenhall's artillery (some 57 guns in all) to stop the Rebel press. Confederates must move quickly to the objective, for the scenario is a brief one. =========================================================== BIBLIOGRAPHY =========================================================== Angle, Paul M. A Pictorial History of the Civil War Years. ------------------------------------------ Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1967. Churchill, Winston S. The American Civil War. ----------------------- New York: Fairfax Press, 1958. Clark, Champ. Gettysburg : The Confederate High Tide. -------------------------------------- Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985. Davis, William C. Gettysburg, The Story Behind the Scenery. ---------------------------------------- Las Vegas, Nevada: K.C. Publications, 1983. Dunnigan, James F. How to Make War. --------------- New York: Quill, 1983. Flato, Charles. The Golden Book of the Civil War. -------------------------------- New York: Western Publishing Company, 1961. Horn, Stanley F. The Battle of Stones River. Harrisburg, PA: Historical Times, 1972. Jordan, Robert Paul. The Civil War ------------- Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1969. Sword, Wiley. The Battle of Shiloh -------------------- Harrisburg, PA: Historical Times (National Parks Service), 1978. -21- I N D E X Additional Commands ('/') 10 Aggressiveness 4 Artillery 6, 9, 12, 13, 19 Attacking 9 Battles 9 Cancel orders ('X') 7, 11 Cavalry 5, 13 Charge 6 Charge Command ('C') 8 Commands / (More Options) 10 C (Charge Infantry) 6 F (Fire Artillery) 9 I (Intelligence) 8 O (Order of Battle) 10 Q (Quiet) 10 R (Editor Repeat) 16 S (Screen Redraw) 10 X (Cancel Orders) 7, 11 F10 (Main Menu) 3 Difficulty 3 Duration 14 Entrench 5, 7, 18 Exploded Artillery 10 Fire Command ('F') 10 F10 3 General 9, 7, 11, 12 Help 11 Infantry 5, 8 Intelligence Command ('I') 8 Killed Leaders 14 Leadership 6, 12, 13, 18 Leadership (Retreating) 13 Main Menu 3 Menus, Using 3 Morale 6, 12 Morale (Retreating) 13 Movement 6 Movement Orders 7 Objective 15, 16 Order of Battle ('O') 10 Orders 5, 7 -22- Problems 2, 16 Quiet Command ('Q') 10 Reality 11 Recon 10 Repeat Key ('R') 16 Return to Main Menu (F10) 3 Score 14 Screen Redraw ('S') 10 Short Cut Keys (Editor) 17 Sort (DOS) 2 Speeding Cursor Moves 7 Terrain grpahics 4 Time Limit 14 Visibility 4, 6, 9 Wait Command 8