8bitfiles.net/archives/archives.tar/archives/genie-commodore-file-library/C64-128Toolkit/COMAL-SYNTAX

Text File | 2019-04-13 | 9.6 KB | 448 lines

 COMAL Syntax:  C-64 / Version 0.14


 Note:  Items in brackets ([]) are optional.

 // -- allows comments in a program
  //[<anything>]

 ABS -- returns absolute value
  ABS(<numeric expression>)

 AND -- logical AND
  <expression> AND <expression>

 APPEND -- start at end of seq file
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filename>,APPEND

 ATN -- returns arctangent in radians
  ATN(<numeric expression>)

 AUTO -- automatic line numbering
  AUTO [<start line>][,<increment>]

 BASIC -- return to BASIC mode
  BASIC

 CASE -- multiple choice decisions
  CASE <control expression> [OF]

 CAT -- disk catalog (directory)
  CAT [<drive number>]

 CHAIN -- load & run program on disk
  CHAIN <filename>

 CHR$ -- returns CBM ASCII code; inverse of ORD
  CHR$(<numeric expression>)

 CLOSE -- closes files
  CLOSE [[FILE] <filenum>]
  CLOSE with no file # closes all open files

 CLOSED -- makes all proc/func variables local
  PROC <procname>[(params)] [CLOSED]
  FUNC <funcname>[(params)] [CLOSED]

 CON -- continue program execution
  CON

 COS -- returns cosine (angle in radians)
  COS(<numeric expression>)

 DATA -- provides data for a READ
  DATA <value>[,<value>][,...]

 DEL -- deletes lines
  DEL <range>

 DELETE -- deletes a file from disk
  DELETE <filename>

 DIM -- reserve/allocate string/array space
  DIM <string var> OF <max char>
  DIM <str array>(<index>) OF <max char>
  DIM <array name>(<index>)

 DIV -- division with integer answer
  <dividend> DIV <divisor>

 DO -- do the following statements
  DO <statements>

 EDIT -- list lines without indentations
  EDIT [<range>]

 ELIF -- short for ELSE IF condition
  ELIF <expression> [THEN]

 ELSE -- alternative statements in IF structure
  ELSE

 END -- halt program execution
  END

 ENDCASE -- end of CASE structure
  ENDCASE

 ENDFOR -- end of FOR structure
  ENDFOR [<control variable>]

 ENDFUNC -- end of function
  ENDFUNC [<function name>]

 ENDIF -- end of IF structure
  ENDIF

 ENDPROC -- end of procedure
  ENDPROC [<procedure name>]

 ENDWHILE -- end of WHILE structure
  ENDWHILE

 ENTER -- merge LISTed program segment from disk
  ENTER <filename>

 EOD -- End Of Data flag
  EOD

 EOF -- End Of File flag
  EOF(<filenum>)

 ESC -- stop key pressed flag
  ESC
  TRAP ESC<type>

 EXEC -- execute a procedure
  [EXEC] <procname>[(<parameter list>)]

 EXP -- returns e^n (e=base of natural logs=2.18281828459045+)
  EXP(<numeric expression>)

 FALSE -- predefined value = 0
  FALSE

 FILE -- specifies file I/O is to be used
  INPUT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  PRINT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  READ  FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  WRITE FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,<type>]
  CLOSE [[FILE] <file#>]

 FOR -- start of FOR loop structure
  FOR <var>:=<start> TO <end> [STEP <s>]

 FUNC -- start of a multiline function
  FUNC <name>[(<params>)] [CLOSED]

 GOTO -- go to line with this label
  GOTO <label name>

 IF -- start of conditional IF structure
  IF <condition> [THEN]
  IF <condition> THEN <statement>

 IN -- returns position of string1 within string2
  <string1> IN <string2>

 INPUT -- input from keyboard or file
  INPUT [<prompt>:] <varlist>
  INPUT FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]:<varlist>

 INT -- returns truncated integer value
  INT(<numeric expression>)

 KEY$ -- current key pressed
  KEY$

 LABEL -- assign a label
  <label name>:

 LEN -- returns string length
  LEN(<string expression>)

 LET -- assign value to variable
  :=   or   :+    or   :-
  A:+B -> A:=A+B;  A:-B -> A:=A-B

 LIST -- list program
  LIST [<range>] [<filename>]
  LIST <filename> puts list file on disk

 LOAD -- load a program from disk
  LOAD <filename>

 LOG -- returns natural logarithm of n
  LOG(<numeric expression>)

 MOD -- remainder of division (modulo)
  <dividend> MOD <divisor>

 NEW -- clears program from memory
  NEW

 NEXT -- alternate form of ENDFOR
  NEXT [<control variable>]

 NOT -- logical NOT
  NOT <condition>

 NULL -- does nothing (no op)
  NULL

 OF -- part of DIM or CASE structure
  CASE <expression> [OF]
  DIM <stringvar> OF <max char>
  DIM <stringarray>(index) OF <max char>

 OPEN -- open a file
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,UNIT <dev>[,<secondary address>]][,<type>]

 OR -- logical OR
  <condition> OR <condition>

 ORD -- returns integer representing character; inverse of CHR$
  ORD(<string expression>)

 OTHERWISE -- default for CASE
  OTHERWISE

 OUTPUT -- select output location
  SELECT [OUTPUT] <type>
  <type> is either "DS:" (for Display Screen) or "LP:" (for Line Printer)

 PASS -- pass string to disk command chan
  PASS <disk command>

 PEEK -- returns value of memory at address
  PEEK(<memory address>)

 POKE -- change memory location
  POKE <memory address>,<contents>

 PRINT -- print items to screen/printer/file
  PRINT [FILE <#>:] [<varlist>]
  PRINT [FILE <#>:] USING <format>:<varlist>
  (RANDOM file use: [FILE <#>,<rec#>:])

 PROC -- start of multiline procedure
  PROC <name>[(<params>)] [CLOSED]

 RANDOM -- random access file type
  OPEN FILE <#>,<filenam>,RANDOM <recln>

 READ -- read data from DATA line or file
  READ <varlist>
  READ FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <filenum>,<filename>,READ

 REF -- designates call by reference parameter in PROC or FUNC
  REF <var>

 RENUM -- renumber program
  RENUM [<targetstart>][,<increment>]

 REPEAT -- start of REPEAT structure
  REPEAT

 RESTORE -- reuse DATA with READ
  RESTORE

 RND -- returns random number
  RND(<num>)
  RND(<start num>:<end num>)

 RUN -- run program now in memory
  RUN

 SAVE -- record program on disk
  SAVE <filename>

 SELECT -- choose output location
  SELECT [OUTPUT] <type>
  <type> is either "DS:" (for Display Screen) or "LP:" (for Line Printer)

 SGN -- returns -1 if negative, 0 if zero, 1 if positive
  SGN(<numeric expression>)

 SIN -- returns sine (angle in radians)
  SIN(<numeric expression>)

 SIZE -- show amount of free memory
  SIZE

 SQR -- returns square root
  SQR(<numeric expression>)

 STATUS$ -- displays or returns disk channel status
  STATUS$

 STEP -- increment FOR loop by this amount
  STEP <numeric expression>

 STOP -- halt program execution
  STOP

 SYS -- transfer control to machine code
  SYS(<memory address>)

 TAB -- print spaces to specified column
  TAB(<column number>)

 TAN -- returns tangent (angle in radians)
  TAN(<numeric expression>)

 THEN -- part of IF structure
  THEN

 TO -- increment FOR variable start TO end
  <start num> TO <end num>

 TRAP -- disable stop key
  TRAP ESC<type>

 TRUE -- predefined value of 1
  TRUE

 UNIT -- specify unit (device)
  OPEN [FILE] <file#>,<filenam>[,UNIT <dev>[,<secondary address>]][,<type>]

 UNTIL -- end of REPEAT loop
  UNTIL <expression>

 USING -- formatted output
  PRINT USING <format>: <varlist>

 WHEN -- choice in CASE structure
  WHEN <list of values>

 WHILE -- start of WHILE structure
  WHILE <expression> [DO] [<statement>]

 WRITE -- write to a file
  WRITE FILE <file#>[,<rec#>]: <varlist>
  OPEN [FILE] <filenum>,<filename>,WRITE

 ZONE -- sets or returns tab interval
  ZONE <tab interval> - sets interval
  ZONE - returns interval (x:=ZONE)



 HIGH-RES & TURTLE GRAPHICS


 BACK -- move turtle backwards
  BACK <length>

 BACKGROUND -- set screen background color
  BACKGROUND <color number>

 BORDER -- set screen border color
  BORDER <color number>

 CLEAR -- clear the graphics screen
  CLEAR

 DRAWTO -- draw line from current point
  DRAWTO <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>

 FILL -- fill in area with current color
  FILL <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>

 FORWARD -- move turtle forward
  FORWARD <length>

 FRAME -- set up a screen window
  FRAME <x0>,<x1>,<y0>,<y1>

 FULLSCREEN -- fullscreen graphics (F5)
  FULLSCREEN

 HIDETURTLE -- make the turtle invisible
  HIDETURTLE

 HOME -- put turtle in its home position
  HOME

 LEFT -- turn turtle left
  LEFT <degrees>

 MOVETO -- move to x,y point without line
  MOVETO <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>

 PENCOLOR -- set current pen color
  PENCOLOR <color number>

 PENDOWN -- put pen down-turtle draws line
  PENDOWN

 PENUP -- pick up pen-turtle doesn't draw
  PENUP

 PLOT -- plot a point in current color
  PLOT <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>

 PLOTTEXT -- print text on graphics screen
  PLOTTEXT <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>,<text$>

 RIGHT -- turn turtle right
  RIGHT <degrees>

 SETGRAPHIC -- turn on graphics screen
  SETGRAPHIC [<type>]

 SETHEADING -- set turtle heading
  SETHEADING <degree>

 SETTEXT -- turn on text screen (F1)
  SETTEXT

 SETXY -- set turtle x and y coordinates
  SETXY <x coordinate>,<y coordinate>

 SHOWTURTLE -- make turtle visible
  SHOWTURTLE

 SPLITSCREEN -- 2 text lines above graphics screen (F3)
  SPLITSCREEN

 TURTLESIZE -- set turtle size (0 to 10)
  TURTLESIZE <size>



 SPRITES


 DATACOLLISION -- test collision with data
  DATACOLLISION <sprite#>,<reset collision flag>

 DEFINE -- set up sprite image for lateruse
  DEFINE <sprite definition #>,<64 byte def$>

 HIDESPRITE -- turn off specified sprite
  HIDESPRITE <sprite number>

 IDENTIFY -- assign an image to a sprite
  IDENTIFY <sprite number>,<definition#>
  (note: sprite 7 is used for turtle)

 PRIORITY -- data priority over sprite?
  PRIORITY <sprite #>,<data priority?>

 SPRITEBACK -- set 2 sprite multicolors
  SPRITEBACK <color1>,<color2>

 SPRITECOLLISION -- test sprite collision
  SPRITECOLLISION <sprite#>,<reset collision flag>

 SPRITECOLOR -- set sprite color
  SPRITECOLOR <sprite #>,<color number>

 SPRITEPOS -- put sprite at x,y location
  SPRITEPOS <sprite#>,<x coordinate>,<y coorinate>

 SPRITESIZE -- set sprite size (expand or not)
  SPRITESIZE <sprite#>,<x expand flag>,<y expand flag>