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┴├┼-128/64 ╒╙┼╥'╙ ╟╒╔─┼ FOR ╥ELEASE #12 [╧CTOBER 24, 1994] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. ╔╬╘╥╧─╒├╘╔╧╬ ┴├┼ IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM FOR THE ├OMMODORE 128 AND ├OMMODORE 64 THAT PROVIDES A ╒NIX-LIKE COMMAND SHELL ENVIRONMENT. ╔T IS STILL IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE, BUT ENOUGH OF IT IS COMPLETE TO BE USEFUL. ┴LL ┴├┼ PROGRAMS WILL RUN ON EITHER A ├128 (IN 128 MODE) OR A ├64. ┬╘╫, "┴├┼" MEANS "┴DVANCED ├OMPUTING ┼NVIRONMENT" (WELL, ADVANCED FOR THE 128/64). ╘HIS RELEASE CONTAINS A FEW NEW FEATURES OVER THE PREVIOUS RELEASE: - ═INIMAL KERNEL GRAPHICS SUPPORT (INCLUDING A 640*491 INTERLACED MONOCHROME BITMAP MODE FOR ╬╘╙├ ├128'S WITH 64╦ ╓─├ ╥┴═) AND NEW "VBM" BITMAP VIEWER APPLICATION. - ╦AR-FORMAT TEXT FILE ENCODER. - ╒SER-PORT INTER-MACHINE NETWORK DEVICE DRIVER. - ┴ MINOR BUG FIX, OF COURSE. ┴╬─... THE MAIN FEATURE: - ┴ WORKING ONE-PASS ┴╙╙┼═┬╠┼╥! ╘HE ONLY REAL LIMITATION ON THE SIZE OF COMPILE JOBS IS THE AMOUNT OF NEAR+FAR MEMORY YOU HAVE AVAILABLE. ╠ABELS ARE "LIMITED" TO 240 CHARACTERS, AND THE OBJECT-FILE SIZE IS LIMITED TO 64╦ (OF COURSE). ╬UMERICAL VALUES ARE "LIMITED" TO 32-BITS OR LESS. ╥ELATIVE LABELS ("+" AND "-" LABELS) ARE IMPLEMENTED IN THE SAME WAY AS IN THE ┬UDDY ASSEMBLER. ╧NLY ADD AND SUBTRACT DYADIC OPERATORS ARE CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED FOR EXPRESSIONS WITH POSITIVE, NEGATE, HIGH-BYTE, AND LOW-BYTE MONADIC OPARATORS. ╘HE "INCLUDE" FEATURE AND THE PLANNED MACRO AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY FEATURES ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED. ╘HE ┴├┼ SOURCE CODE WILL BE CONVERTED TO USE THIS ASSEMBLER ONCE CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY IS IMPLEMENTED. ╘HIS DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF A BOATLOAD OF FILES. ╙YSTEM FILES: ACE - THE KERNEL BOOTSTRAPPER; CAN BE RUN FROM EITHER 64 OR 128 MODE ACE128 - THE KERNEL FOR THE 128 ACE64 - THE KERNEL FOR THE 64 CONFIG - THE CONFIGURATION INITIALIZER SH - THE COMMAND SHELL CONFIG.SYS - THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION - THIS IS DATA NOT AN EXECUTABLE CONFIG.EDIT - CONFIGURATION EDITOR PROGRAM (WRITTEN IN ┬┴╙╔├) ACE-CHARSET - CHARACTER SET - YOU CAN REPLACE IT WITH YOUR OWN ╔┘╫ ACE-CHARSET-4BIT - CHARACTER SET - YOU CAN REPLACE IT WITH YOUR OWN ╔┘╫ ┴PPLICATION PROGRAMS (EXPLAINED IN ╙ECTION 6.3): CP - COPY FILES RM - REMOVE FILES (SCRATCH) MV - RENAME FILES (NAMED FOR ╒NIX "MV"=="MOVE") MKDIR - CREATE A NEW DIRECTORY (FLAT NAME) RMDIR - REMOVE AN EXISTING EMPTY DIRECTORY (FLAT NAME) XLS - DIRECTORY LISTER, DISPLAYS DATES UUENCODE - ENCODE FILES INTO UUENCODED FORMAT UUDECODE - DECODE FILES FROM UUENCODED FORMAT BCODE - ENCODE FILES INTO ┬├╧─┼ FORMAT UNBCODE - DECODE FILES FROM ┬├╧─┼ FORMAT CRC32 - DISPLAY ├╥├-32 *┬* VALUES FOR FILES (NEW STANDARD) CRC32A - DISPLAY ├╥├-32 *┴* VALUES FOR FILES (OLD STANDARD) WC - COUNT WORDS, LINES, CHARACTERS OF FILES GREP - SEARCH FOR A SUBSTRING IN FILES (FROM ╒NIX "GREP") TR - TRANSLATE FROM ONE CHARACTER SET TO ANOTHER SORT - SORT FILES WRAP - WRAP LINES LONGER THAN 75 CHARACTERS DATE - DISPLAY CURRENT DATE AND TIME FORTY - SWITCH TO 40-COL SCREEN, SLOW MODE EIGHTY - SWITCH TO 80-COL SCREEN, FAST MODE ON 128 READ - READ FILES MEM - DISPLAY AVAILABLE DYNAMIC AND TRANSIENT PROGRAM AREA MEMORY AS - ONE-PASS ASSEMBLER VI - ─┼═╧ "┌ED" TEXT EDITOR: DISPLAYS SCREEN, LOADS AND PRINTS FILE HELLO - DUMB LITTLE "HELLO WORLD" EXAMPLE PROGRAM WINDOW - SET THE CURRENT WINDOW DIMENSIONS MORE - FULL-SCREEN FILE DISPLAYER UNKAR - ╦┴╥ (╦EVIN'S ┴╥CHIVER) FILE DEARCHIVER KAR - ╦┴╥ (╦EVIN'S ┴╥CHIVER) FILE ARCHIVER VBM - ╓┬═ BITMAP FILE VIEWER ╘HESE BINARY PROGRAMS AVAILABLE IN A UUENCODED ARCHIVE FORMAT. ╘HE UUDECODE PROGRAM INCLUDED HERE WILL DECODE THIS FORMAT OF ARCHIVE, BUT THAT IS PROBABLY OF NO USE TO YOU UNLESS YOU ARE ABLE TO ├ATCH 22. ┘OU MAY HAVE TO USE THE UUDECODER ON YOUR ╒NIX SYSTEM OR USE "UUXFER" FOR THE ├64. ┘OU MAY HAVE TO SPLIT THE UUARCHIVE UP INTO SEPARATE FILES FOR UUDECODING. ╘HE FILES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE IN A BCODE ARCHIVE AND MAY BE AVAILABLE IN .SFX FORMAT TOO, SOMETIME. ╬OTE THAT THE "ACE128" AND "ACE64" PROGRAMS ARE FUNCTIONALLY IDENTICAL, EXCEPT THAT ONE IS SET UP FOR THE 128 AND THE OTHER FOR THE 64. ╘HUS, ALL OF THE APPICATION BINARY PROGRAMS WILL WORK WITH EITHER "ACE128" OR "ACE64". ╠╧┴─ AND ╥╒╬ THE "ACE" PROGRAM AND IT WILL LOAD THE CORRECT "KERNEL" FOR YOUR COMPUTER. ╘HE ┬UDDY ASSEMBLER SOURCE CODE FILES ARE NOT INCLUDED HERE, BUT ╔ WILL E-MAIL THEM TO ANYONE WHO ASKS FOR THEM. ╘HEY ARE GETTING A BIT BULKY, OVER 28_000 LINES. ╞OR PEOPLE WANTING A LITTLE TECHNICAL INFORMATION, HERE IS THE MEMORY MAP OF ┴├┼; IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT MY WHIM: $0002-$007F = APPLICATION ZERO-PAGE STORAGE (0.12╦) $0080-$00FF = SYSTEM ZERO-PAGE STORAGE (0.13╦) $0100-$01FF = PROCESSOR STACK (0.25╦) $0200-$0EFF = SYSTEM STORAGE (3.25╦) $0F00-$0FFF = KERNEL INTERFACE VARIABLES (0.25╦) $1000-$12FF = SYSTEM STORAGE (0.75╦) $1300-$1FFF = SHELL PROGRAM (3.25╦) $2000-$27FF = CHARACTER SET (2╦) $2800-$6FFF = ┴├┼ KERNEL AND DEVICE DRIVERS (18╦) - UNUSED SPACE FREE $7000-$BFFF = APPLICATION AREA & STACK (20╦) $C000-$FEFF = ╥╧═ AND ╔/╧, ╥┴═ (15.75╦) - FREE $FF00-$FFFF = RESERVED FOR SYSTEM (0.25╦) OR WITH A ├64 WITH THE SOFT-80 BITMAP SCREEN, HIGH ╥┴═ USAGE: $D800-$DBFF = SOFT-80 CHARACTER SET (1╦) $DC00-$DFFF = BITMAP COLOR MATRIX (1╦) $E000-$FFBF = BITMAP SCREEN (7.81╦) $FFC0-$FFFF = RESERVED FOR SYSTEM (0.19╦) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. ╒╙╔╬╟ ╘╚┼ ╙┘╙╘┼═ ╫HEN ┴├┼ STARTS, IT LOADS AND EXECUTES THE COMMAND SHELL (AMONG OTHER THINGS), GIVES YOU A PROMPT AND WAITS FOR YOU TO GIVE IT A COMMAND. ┴ COMMAND HAS THE FOLLOWING FORMAT: PROGRAMNAME ARG1 ARG2 ... ARG╬ ╘HE PROGRAMNAME CAN BE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BUILT-IN COMMANDS (COVERED IN ╙ECTION 6.1): ECHO - PRINT THE GIVEN ARGUMENTS TO STDOUT CLEAR - CLEAR THE SCREEN CLS - SAME AS "CLEAR" DIR - CLEAR THE SCREEN AND GIVE A LONG-FORM DIRECTORY LISTING D - SAME AS "DIRECTORY", BUT NO CLEAR SCREEN LS - GIVE A MULTI-COLUMN SHORT-FORM DIRECTORY LISTING CLSL - COMBINATION OF "CLS" AND "LS" CD - CHANGE THE CURRENT DEVICE/DIRECTORY CAT - DISPLAY THE NAMED FILES TO STDOUT EXIT - EXIT FROM THE COMMAND SHELL BACK TO ┬┴╙╔├ X - SAME AS "EXIT" DOS - GIVE A ├OMMODORE DOS COMMAND TO THE CURRENT DEVICE (╧╨┼╬1,DV,15..) @ - SAME AS "DOS" PATH - SET THE PATH TO SEARCH FOR EXTERNAL PROGRAMS SH - INVOKE THE SHELL AGAIN AS A SUB-SHELL OR PROGRAMNAME CAN BE FOR ANY OF THE EXTERNAL PROGRAMS PROVIDED WITH THIS DISTRIBUTION. ┘OU'LL HAVE TO FORGIVE MY PERSONAL TASTE IN COMMAND NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS (UNTIL THE "ALIAS" SHELL FEATURE IS FINALLY IMPLEMENTED). 2.1. ╔╬╨╒╘/╧╒╘╨╒╘ ╥┼─╔╥┼├╘╔╧╬ ╘HE THREE ╒NIX STANDARD FILES ARE SUPPORTED: STDIN - WHERE THE DEFAULT INPUT COMES FROM (USUALLY THE KEYBOARD) STDOUT - WHERE THE DEFAULT OUTPUT GOES TO (USUALLY THE SCREEN) STDERR - WHERE ERROR MESSAGES ARE SENT TO (USUALLY THE SCREEN) ╘O TEMPORARALLY REDIRECT THESE STANDARD FILE STREAMS FOR THE EXECUTION OF A COMMAND, YOU CAN USE THE FOLLOWING INCANTATIONS ON A COMMAND LINE: <INFILE - REDIRECT STDIN - INPUT TAKEN FROM "INFILE" >OUTFILE - REDIRECT STDOUT - OUTPUT PUT INTO FILE "OUTFILE" >>OUTFILE - REDIRECT STDOUT - SAME AS ">" BUT THE OUTPUT IS APPENDED TO FILE >&ERRFILE - REDIRECT STDERR - ERROR OUTPUT IS PUT INTO "ERRFILE" >>&ERRFILE - REDIRECT STDERR - ERROR OUTPUT IS APPENDED TO FILE "ERRFILE" ─O NOT PUT A SPACE BETWEEN THE REDIRECTION SYMBOL(S) AND THE FILE NAME. 2.2. ╨┴╘╚╬┴═┼╙ ╫HENEVER YOU SPECIFY A FILE, YOU USE A "PATHNAME". ╨ATHNAMES HAVE THE FOLLOWING OPTIONAL PARTS: [DEVICE:][RAMLINK-DIRECTORY:][FILENAME] ─EVICE NAMES ARE SET BY THE USER IN THE CONFIGURATION FILE, BUT THE FACTORY DEFAULTS ARE: "K:" - ├USTOM DEVICE DRIVER: THE KEYBOARD "S:" - ├USTOM DEVICE DRIVER: THE SCREEN ("K:" AND "S:" ARE EXACTLY SYNONYMOUS) "P:" - ├OMMODORE DEVICE #4 - THE PRINTER, WITH ╙EC┴DDR 7 - OUTPUT ONLY "Q:" - ├OMMODORE DEVICE #4 - THE PRINTER, WITH ╙EC┴DDR 5 - TRANSPARENT MODE "N:" - ├USTOM DEVICE DRIVER: "NULL" DEVICE "U:" - ├USTOM DEVICE DRIVER: USER-PORT INTER-MACHINE NETWORK "A:" - ├OMMODORE DEVICE #8 - A DISK DRIVE - INPUT/OUTPUT "B:" - ├OMMODORE DEVICE #9 - A DISK DRIVE - IF YOU HAVE >1 DRIVE ... "J:" - ├OMMODORE DEVICE #17 - A DISK DRIVE ".:" - THE "CURRENT" DISK DEVICE ├═─ ╥┴═╠INK (OR ├═─ ╚ARD─RIVE) DIRECTORY NAMES HAVE THE FOLLOWING FORMATS: "//DIR/:" - A SUBDIRECTORY OF THE ROOT DIRECTORY "/DIR/:" - A SUBDIRECTORY OF THE CURRENT DIRECTORY "4//DIR/DIR/ ... /DIR/:" - A SUB-PATH OF THE ROOT DIRECTORY OF PARTITION #4 "/DIR/DIR/ ... /DIR/:" - A SUB-PATH OF THE CURRENT DIRECTORY ┴ND FILENAMES HAVE THE USUAL ├OMMODORE FORMAT OF 1 TO 16 CHARACTERS. ╘HUS, THE FOLLOWING ARE VALID PATHNAMES FOR FILES: K: - THE KEYBOARD FOR INPUT P: - THE PRINTER FOR OUTPUT B:FILE1 - "FILE1" ON DISK DEVICE #9 .:FILE1 - "FILE1" ON THE CURRENT DISK DEVICE FILE1 - "FILE1" ON THE CURRENT DISK DEVICE /DIR1/FILE1 - "FILE1" IN THE ╥AM╠INK SUBDIRECTORY "DIR1" A://DIR1/DIR2/:FILE1 - "FILE1" IN THE ╥AM╠INK SUBDIR "//DIR1/DIR2", DEVICE #8 ┴ND THE FOLLOWING ARE VALID PATHNAMES FOR DIRECTORIES: A: - DISK DEVICE #8 CURRENT DIRECTORY .: - CURRENT DISK DEVICE'S CURRENT DIRECTORY .://DIR1/: - "DIR1" OFF THE ROOT DIRECTORY OF THE CURRENT ╥AM╠INK DEVICE /DIR1/DIR2/: - SUBDIRECTORY "/DIR1/DIR2" OF THE CURRENT ╥AM╠INK DEVICE ╬OTE THAT A DIRECTORY NAME ALWAYS ENDS WITH A ":". ┘OU MAY APPEND A ",P" OR ",S" OR ",U" TO A FILENAME TO SPECIFY WHETHER A ╨╥╟, ╙┼╤, OR ╒╙╥ FILE SHOULD BE ACCESSED/CREATED. ┬Y DEFAULT, ┴├┼ WILL CREATE ╙┼╤ FILES. ┬╘╫, TO GENERATE AN ┼╧╞ FOR KEYBOARD INPUT, SIMPLY PRESS ├ONTROL-─. ╧NLY DO THIS AT THE BEGINNING OF A BLANK LINE. 2.3. ├╧══┴╬─ ╙╚┼╠╠ ┴╥╟╒═┼╬╘╙ ┴RGUMENTS THAT CONTAIN SPACES MUST BE PUT INTO QUOTES. ═ULTIPLE QUOTED STRINGS CAN BE PLACED SIDE-BY-SIDE TO PRODUCE A LONGER STRING. ╘HE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF VALID COMMAND SHELL ARGUMENTS: HELLO - HELLO 'HELLO' - HELLO "HELLO THERE" - HELLO THERE 'HELLO THERE' - HELLO THERE 'SHE SAID, "HOW'"'S THAT"'"'' TO ME.' - SHE SAID, "HOW'S THAT" TO ME. ├OMMAND SHELL ARGUMENTS ARE SEPARATED BY SPACES OR TAB CHARACTERS. 2.4. ┼╪╘┼╥╬┴╠ ├╧══┴╬─ ╙┼┴╥├╚ ╨┴╘╚ ╘HE "PATH" COMMAND SETS OR DISPLAYS THE CURRENT SEARCH PATHNAMES FOR EXTERNAL PROGRAMS. ┬Y DEFAULT THE PATHS TO SEARCH ARE "A:" AND ".:". ╘HE PATH CONSISTS OF MULTIPLE DIRECTORY NAMES TO BE CHECKED, IN ORDER, FOR EACH BINARY EXECUTABLE OR SHELL SCRIPT THAT YOU GIVE THAT DOES NOT HAVE A PATHNAME PREFIX. 2.5. ╫╔╠─├┴╥─╙ ╒NIX-STYLE WILDCARD EXPANSION IS SUPPORTED. ╫HEN YOU ENTER AN ARGUMENT WITH AN ASTERISK IN THE FILENAME COMPONENT OF THE PATHNAME, THE COMMAND SHELL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXPAND THAT NAME INTO AN ARGUMENT FOR EACH FILE IN THE SPECIFIED DIRECTORY THAT MATCHES THAT PATTERN. ╘HE EXPANDED ARGUMENTS ARE THEN PASSED ONTO THE COMMAND YOU ARE INVOKING AS IF YOU HAD TYPED THEM ALL IN YOURSELF. ╞OR EXAMPLE: ┴╥╟╒═┼╬╘ ┼╪╨┴╬╙╔╧╬ -------- --------- * FILE1 PROG1,P PROG2,P CH* CHESS,P CHINESE_CHECKERS,P *.BIN MAIN.BIN,P DATA.BIN ANAGRAM.BIN A*N ANAGRAM.BIN AN ANOTHER_PLAN B:A*.BIN B:MAIN.BIN,P B:DATA.BIN B:ANAGRAM.BIN C://GAMES/:A*.BIN C://GAMES/:ACROBAT.BIN,P C://GAMES/:ACRODATA.BIN ┘OU'LL NOTE THAT PROGRAM FILES ARE EXPANDED TO INCLUDE A ",P". ╔F A PATTERN DOES NOT EXPAND TO ANYTHING, AN ERROR MESSAGE IS DISPLAYED AND THE SHELL COMMAND IS NOT EXECUTED. ┘OU'LL HAVE TO CURSOR-UP AND CHANGE THE COMMAND. ┘OUR FILENAME PATTERN CAN INCLUDE ONLY ONE ASTERISK (ANYWHERE IN THE NAME). ╙OME EXAMPLE USES OF WILDCARD EXPANSION WITH THE PROVIDED UTILITIES FOLLOW: CP B:* A: CP //GAMES/C64/:CHESS*.BIN SOMEFILE B://GAMES/: WC *.ASM *.C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. ╙┘╙╘┼═ ├╧╬╞╔╟╒╥┴╘╔╧╬ ╘HE PROGRAM ENTITLED "CONFIG.EDIT" IS USED FOR EDITING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. ╘HE SYSTEM WILL BE CONFIGURED ACCORDING TO THE DATA IN THE FILE "CONFIG.SYS" EVERY TIME IT STARTS UP. ╬OTE THAT "CONFIG.SYS" IS A LOADABLE BINARY ╨╥╟ FILE; IT IS NOT IN TEXT FORMAT AND IS NOT MEANT TO BE EDITED WITH A TEXT EDITOR. ╘HE FOLLOWING DATA ARE INCLUDED IN THE "CONFIG.SYS" FILE: ╧╞╞ ╙╔┌ ─┼╙├ --- --- ---- $00 128 DEVICE DESCRIPTORS, 32 ENTRIES OF FOUR BYTES EACH. [╞OR EACH ENTRY, OFFSETS: 0=DEVICE DRIVER TYPE, 1=DEVICE ADDRESS, 2=SECONDARY ADDRESS, 3=FLAGS. ─ESCRIBED FURTHER BELOW.] $80 1 RAMLINK DEVICE NUMBER [╘HE KERNEL DEVICE NUMBER OF YOUR ╥┴═╠INK. ╘HE DEFAULT ╥╠ DEVICE NUMBER IS 16.] $81 1 RAMLINK LAST LOGICAL BANK ALLOWED TO USE PLUS ONE (NORM 255) [╞OR THE ╥┴═╠INK MEMORY PARTITION (NEXT SECTION), THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF 64╦ CHUNKS THAT CAN BE USED FOR DYNAMIC MEMORY.] $82 4 REAL-TIME CLOCK DEVICES TO CHECK [4], $╞╞=UNUSED [╘HESE ARE THE KERNEL DEVICE NUMBERS OF ├═─ DISK DRIVE UNITS THAT HAVE A BUILT-IN REAL-TIME CLOCK TO CHECK FOR THE CURRENT TIME. ╔F THE FIRST ENTRY FAILS, THEN THE SECOND WILL BE TRIED, ETC., UNTIL THE FOURTH ENTRY IS TRIED. ╔F ALL DEVICES FAIL TO RETURN A TIME, THEN THE DEFAULT DATE IS USED (NEXT). ┴ VALUE OF $╞╞ IN AN ENTRY MEANS TO TRY THE NEXT ENTRY. ┴├┼ USES THE ╘╧─ CLOCK OF ├╔┴#1 TO KEEP TIME. ╘HE DATE IS STORED IN A REGULAR MEMORY FIELD AND IS NOT ROLLED ON A 24-HOUR ╘╧─ CLOCK WRAP-AROUND.] $86 8 DEFAULT DATE ┘┘:┘┘:══:──:╚╚:══:╙╙:╘╫ [╘HE DEFAULT DATE TO USE IF ATTEMPTS TO ACCESS THE CURRENT TIME FROM ├═─ DISK DEVICES FAIL. ╞ORMAT IS 24-HOUR ┬├─. ┴LL FOUR DIGITS OF THE YEAR ARE GIVEN. ╘HE "╘╫" FIELD MEANS TENTHS OF SECONDS IN THE HIGH NYBBLE AND THE DAY-OF-WEEK IN THE LOW NYBBLE. ╞OR DAYS OF THE WEEK, 0 MEANS "UNKNOWN", 1 MEANS "╙UNDAY", ETC., AND 7 MEANS "╙ATURDAY". ╘HE FACTORY-SET VALUE OF THIS FIELD IS 12AM, ╞RIDAY, ╩AN 1, 1993.] $8┼ 1 SCREEN SAVER ACTIVATION TIME, IN MINUTES (NORM 10) [╘HE SCREEN WILL GO BLACK WHEN THE SCREEN SAVER IS ACTIVATED, AFTER A PERIOD WHERE YOU HAVE NOT PRESSED ANY KEY FOR THE SPECIFIED TIME, UNTIL YOU PRESS A KEY (INCLUDING THE ANY OF THE SHIFT KEYS). ╔F YOU PRESS ANY CHARACTER KEY, THAT KEY WILL APPEAR IN YOUR INPUT. ╬ORMAL PROCESSING WILL CONTINUE IN THE BACKGROUND, WHILE THE SCREEN SAVER IS ACTIVE, INCLUDING PRINTING TO THE SCREEN. ╘HIS TIME IS IN MINUTES. ┴ VALUE OF ZERO MEANS TO DISABLE THE SCREEN SAVER. ╘HE SCREEN SAVER IS NOW ACTIVE FOR THE 40-COLUMN AND 80-COLUMN DISPLAYS.] $90 16 INITIAL CURRENT DIRECTORY STRING (DEFAULT "A:") [╔MMEDIATELY AFTER BOOTING AND BEFORE CALLING THE SHELL, THE KERNEL WILL DO A CHANGE DIRECTORY TO THE NULL-TERMINATED STRING GIVEN HERE.] $┴0 1 ├128 BANK1 START FREE PAGE (NORM $04) [╘HIS FIELD AND THE NEXT DEFINE THE PAGES OF ╥┴═1 THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE. ╘HIS MUST INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE PAGE.] $┴1 1 ├128 BANK1 LAST FREE PAGE PLUS ONE (NORM $FF) $┴3 1 ├128 BANK0 LAST ALLOWED FREE PAGE PLUS ONE (NORM $FF) [╘HIS IS THE HIGHEST PAGE, PLUS ONE, ON ╥┴═0 THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE. ┘OU CAN SET THIS TO PROTECT A PROGRAM THAT YOU WISH TO ATTEMPT TO USE WITH ┴├┼ (GOOD LUCK). ╘HERE IS NO MINIMUM PAGE THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE; IT TAKES WHATEVER IT WANTS BELOW $6000.] $┴5 1 ├128 LAST INTERNAL BANK ALLOWED TO USE ABOVE 2, PLUS ONE (NORM 8) [╞OR EXPANDED INTERNAL MEMORY (A LA ╘WIN├ITIES-128), THIS SETS THE HIGH LIMIT ON THE BANKS THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE. ┴ VALUE OF 2 MEANS THAT ┴├┼ IS NOT ALLOWED TO USE IT AT ALL. ╘HERE IS NO LOW LIMIT ON THIS BECAUSE IT CAUSED TOO MANY PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS.] $┴6 1 ├128 FIRST ╥┼╒ BANK ALLOWED TO USE (NORM 0) [╘HIS AND THE NEXT FIELD DEFINE THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM (PLUS ONE) ╥┼╒ BANK NUMBERS THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE. ╔ INCLUDED A MINUMUM BECAUSE OF PLEAS ABOUT ┌ED HAVING A MINIMUM. ╔F YOU SET BOTH MIN AND MAX TO $00, THEN ┴├┼ WILL LEAVE THE ╥┼╒ MEMORY ALONE. ╧THERWISE, ┴├┼ WILL AUTO-DETECT HOW MUCH YOU HAVE AND WILL MAKE USE OF AS MUCH ╥┼╒ MEMORY AS IT CAN (NOTE THE DEFAULT MAX IS 255).] $┴7 1 ├128 LAST ╥┼╒ BANK ALLOWED TO USE PLUS ONE (NORM 255) $┴8 1 ├128 TOP PAGE OF ╘╨┴ (STACK) (NORM $C0) [╘HIS DEFINES THAT PAGE (PLUS ONE) OF THE TOP OF THE APPLICATION PROGRAM AREA (╘╨┴). ╘HE BOTTOM IS $6000, SO A TOP OF $├000 GIVES APPS 24╦ TO PLAY AROUND IN. $├0 IS THE MAXIMUM VALUE THIS FIELD CAN HAVE, SINCE THE ├OMMODORE ╦ERNAL MUST (FOR THIS RELEASE) STAY IN CONTEXT WHENEVER ┴├┼ IS IN USE. ╘HE TOP OF THIS SPACE IS ALSO USED AS THE "ARGUMENT STACK" FOR APPLICATIONS.] $┴9 1 ├128 ╓─├ DEFAULT NUMBER OF ROWS (NORM 25) [╬OT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED] $┴┴ 1 ├128 ╓─├ NUMBER OF ╦BYTES OF VIDEO ╥┴═ (NORM 16) [╫HAT IT SAYS. ╓ALID VALUES FOR THIS OPTION ARE 16 AND 64.] $┴┬ 1 ├64 SOFT-80 SCREEN MAXIMUM PRESCROLL FOR ╥┼╒-SUPPORTED SCROLLING [├URRENTLY, THE NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL THE SCREEN EVERY TIME THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED.] $┴├ 1 ├128 80-COL SCREEN MAXIMUM PRESCROLL [├URRENTLY, THE NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL THE SCREEN EVERY TIME THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED.] $┴─ 1 ├128 40-COL SCREEN MAXIMUM PRESCROLL [├URRENTLY, THE NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL THE SCREEN EVERY TIME THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED.] $┴┼ 1 ├64 SOFT-80 SCREEN MAXIMUM PRESCROLL FOR SOFTWARE SCROLLING [├URRENTLY, THE NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL THE SCREEN EVERY TIME THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED.] $┴╞ 1 ├64 40-COL SCREEN MAXIMUM PRESCROLL [├URRENTLY, THE NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL THE SCREEN EVERY TIME THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED.] $┬0 8 ├128 80-COL SCREEN COLOR PALETTE: TABLE OF EIGHT ╥╟┬╔ CODES. [╘HIS TABLE GIVES THE PALETTE OF COLORS TO BE USED BY ├128 80-COL APPLICATIONS. ╘HE MEANINGS OF THE VALUES STORED AT THE OFFSETS ARE: 0=CHAR, 1=CURSOR, 2=STATUS, 3=SEPARATOR, 4=HIGHLIGHT, 5=ALERT, 6=BORDER, 7=SCREEN. ╘HE CHAR, BORDER, AND SCREEN COLORS ARE USED WHEN THE SCREEN DRIVER IS INITIALIZED. ╘HE BORDER VALUE FOR THE 80-COL SCREEN IS CURRENTLY IGNORED. ╬OTE THAT ╥╟┬╔ CODES ARE USED, EVEN FOR THE ╓╔├ CHIP (FOR CONSISTENCY). ╘HE FACTORY DEFAULTS FOR CHAR, SCREEN, AND BORDER ARE LIGHT GREY ON BLACK FOR 80 AND LIGHT GREEN ON DARK GREY WITH A MEDIUM GREY BORDER FOR THE 40 (PERHAPS A BIT ICKY). ╘HE OTHER VALUES ARE CHOSEN ACCORDINGLY. ╘HE PALETTES FOR THE OTHER DISPLAYS HAVE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS THIS ONE.] $┬8 8 ├128 40-COL COLOR PALETTE $├0 1 ├64 SOFT-80 ENABLE MASK (NORM %10100000) [╘HE 128-BIT ALLOWS THE SOFT-80 SCREEN TO BE USED. ┴LLOWING THE SOFT-80 SCREEN COSTS 10╦ OF ╥┴═0 MEMORY ON THE ├64. ╘HIS SOFTWARE- IMPLEMENTED BITMAP 80-COLUMN SCREEN IS SUPPORTED ONLY ON THE ├64. ╧N A ├128, USE THE REAL 80-COLUMN SCREEN. ╔F THE SOFT-80 SCREEN IS NOT ALLOWED, THEN THE 10╦ OF MEMORY IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR FAR MEMORY USE (E.G., FOR RAMDISKS). ╘HE 64-BIT SPECIFIES THAT THE SOFT-80 SCREEN IS TO BE ENTERED BY DEFAULT WHEN ┴├┼ STARTS UP, RATHER THAN THE 40-COL SCREEN. ┘OU CAN SWITCH BETWEEN THE TWO SCREENS BY USING THE "FORTY" AND "EIGHTY" PROGRAMS. ╘HE 32-BIT SPECIFIES THAT THE ╥┼╒ IS TO BE USED TO ASSIST IN SCROLLING THE BITMAP SCREEN IF AN ╥┼╒ IS PRESENT. ╘HE COST OF DOING THIS IS 7.5╦ OF ╥┼╒ MEMORY. ╘HE BENEFIT IS THAT THE SCREEN WILL SCROLL SEVERAL TIMES FASTER THAN IT WILL BY JUST USING THE MAIN PROCESSOR, WHICH IS USED OTHERWISE.] $├1 1 ├64 LAST ALLOWED PAGE FREE PLUS ONE (NORM $FF) [╘HIS GIVES THE TOP PAGE, PLUS ONE, THAT ┴├┼ IS ALLOWED TO USE ON THE 64. ─ON'T SET THIS LOWER THAN THE TOP OF THE ╘╨┴ AREA.] $├2 1 ├64 FIRST ╥┼╒ BANK ALLOWED TO USE (NORM $00) [╠IKE THE ├128 SETTINGS, YOU CAN SET THE USAGE FOR THE ╥┼╒ MEMORY.] $├3 1 ├64 LAST ╥┼╒ BANK ALLOWED TO USE (NORM $FF) $├5 1 ├64 END EXPANDED INTERNAL MEMORY BANKS PLUS ONE (NORM $04) [╘HIS FIELD IS CURRENTLY IGNORED.] $├6 1 ├64 TOP PAGE OF ╘╨┴ (STACK) (NORM $C0) [╘OP OF THE ╘╨┴ FOR THE 64. ┘OU CAN SET THIS BETWEEN $61 AND $─0.] $├7 1 ╓IDEO TYPE: ╬╘╙├ (0) OR ╨┴╠ (1) (DEFAULT: 0) $├8 1 KEY REPEAT DELAY (NORM 20) [╘HE NUMBER OF JIFFIES BETWEEN WHEN YOU PRESS A KEY THE FIRST TIME AND WHEN IT STARTS REPEATING.] $├9 1 KEY REPEAT RATE (NORM 3) [╘HE NUMBER OF JIFFIES BETWEEN EACH REPEAT OF A KEY WHILE YOU ARE HOLDING IT DOWN.] $├┴ 1 CONSOLE COLOR ENABLE DEFAULT (NORM $80) [╘HIS IS USED TO ENABLE WHAT IS NORMALLY PRINTED ON THE CONSOLE SCREEN: CHARACTERS, COLORS, AND/OR ATTRIBUTES. ╘HIS FEATURE IS NOT CURRENTLY FULLY IMPLEMENTED. ╘HE DEFAULT IS FOR ONLY CHARACTERS BECAUSE THIS ALLOWS IT TO OPERATE TWICE AS QUICKLY AS WHEN BOTH COLORS AND CHARACTERS ARE ENABLED.] $├┬ 1 INPUT LINE SCROLLBACK BUFFER LINE COUNT (NORM 5) [╘HE NUMBER OF PREVIOUS LINES TO SAVE SO THAT YOU CAN SCROLL BACK THROUGH PREVIOUS INPUT LINES IN ORDER TO EDIT THEM. ┼ACH LINE OF BUFFER SPACE REQUIRES 256 BYTES OF FAR MEMORY TO STORE. ╙PECIFYING A VALUE OF ZERO DISABLES THE SCROLLBACK FEATURE.] $├├ 1 CONTROLLER PORT 1 DEVICE [╬OT CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED.] $├─ 1 CONTROLLER PORT 2 DEVICE [╬OT CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED.] $─0 8 ├64 80-COL COLOR PALETTE [╞OR THE BITMAPPED HI-RES 80-COL SCREEN, WHICH IS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.] $─8 8 ├64 40-COL COLOR PALETTE $┼0 32 INITIAL SHELL PATH STRING (DEFAULT "A:", ".:") [╘HE PATHS TO USE TO SEARCH FOR EXECUTABLE PROGRAMS. ┼ACH DIRECTORY NAME IS A NULL-TERMINATED STRING, AND THE LIST OF PATHS IS TERMINATED BY AN EMPTY STRING.] ╘HE OFFSETS FROM $00 TO $7╞ CONTAIN 32 FOUR-BYTE FIELDS, WHICH ARE USED TO DEFINE THE DEVICES IN THE SYSTEM. ╘HESE FIELDS WILL CORRESPOND TO DEVICE NAMES "@:", "┴:", "┬:", ..., "┌:", "[:", "\:", "]:", "^:", AND "_:" (FORGIVE THE NON-LETTER DEVICE NAMES). ╘HE FOUR FIELDS WILL BE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS: 0 DEVICE DRIVER TYPE (0=╦ERNAL NON-DISK, 1=╦ERNAL DISK, 2=CONSOLE, 3=NULL, 4=RAMDISK, 5=USERPORT) 1 DEVICE PRIMARY ADDRESS / WHATEVER 2 DEVICE SECONDARY ADDRESS / WHATEVER 3 FLAGS / WHATEVER ($80 FOR A DISK WILL MEANS THAT IT HAS A ├═─ ╥EAL-╘IME CLOCK) ╘O SPARE YOU THE AGONY OF EDITING THIS BINARY CONFIGURATION MANUALLY, THE ┬┴╙╔├ PROGRAM "CONFIG.EDIT" CAN BE USED INSTEAD. ╥UN IT FROM ┬┴╙╔├, NOT FROM INSIDE OF ┴├┼. ╔N FACT, YOU SHOULD RUN THIS BEFORE RUNNING ┴├┼ THE FIRST TIME TO SET UP THE CONFIGURATION. ╘HE PROGRAM PROVIDES A FULL-SCREEN INTERFACE. ═OVE THE CURSOR AMONG THE FIELDS ON EACH PAGE AND AMONG THE PAGES (10 OF THEM) TO SET THE VALUES. ┴LL VALUES ARE IN DECIMAL (EXCEPT THE STRINGS). ╘HEN SAVE THE NEW CONFIGURATION, EXIT, AND RUN ┴├┼. ╔F YOU SCREW UP THE NEW "CONFIG.SYS", THE PREVIOUS ONE WILL BE AVAILABLE IN "CONFIG.SYS.BAK". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. ─┘╬┴═╔├ ═┼═╧╥┘ ┴FTER YOU HAVE CONFIGURED ┴├┼ FOR YOUR SYSTEM, IF YOU HAVE A ╥┴═╠INK, YOU WILL HAVE TO CONFIGURE IT FOR ┴├┼ IF YOU WANT TO USE ╥┴═╠INK ╥┴═ OR INDIRECT ╥┼╒ ACCESS. ╘HE WAY THAT ┴├┼ DETECTS THESE TYPES OF MEMORY IS VIA THE ╥╠-─╧╙ PARTITION TABLE. ╞OR ╥┴═╠INK ╥┴═, ┴├┼ WILL CHECK FOR PARTITION NUMBER 31 BEING A ╞OREIGN ═ODE (─IRECT ┴CCESS) PARTITION WITH THE NAME "RL-RAM". ╔F IT IS, THEN ┴├┼ WILL GET THE INFORMATION FOR THAT PARTITION TO DETERMINE THE SIZE AND START ADDRESS (IN ╥╠ MEMORY). ╔T WILL THEN CHECK THE LIMIT FOR USAGE OF ╥╠-╥┴═ IN THE "CONFIG.SYS" FILE, AND ADJUST THE SIZE IT CAN USE ACCORDINGLY, BEFORE INITIALIZING THE MEMORY. ╘O SET UP THIS PARTITION ON YOUR ╥┴═╠INK IN THE FIRST PLACE, REFER TO YOUR ╥┴═╠INK DOCUMENTATION AND USE THE TOOLS PROGRAM PROVIDED WITH IT. ╒SING ╥┼╒ (╥AM ┼XPANSION ╒NIT) MEMORY WITH ┴├┼ IS PRETTY EASY; YOU JUST MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED INTO THE COMPUTER WHEN ┴├┼ IS STARTED. ┴├┼ WILL AUTO- DETECT THE SIZE OF THE ╥┼╒ AND THEN CHECK THE CONFIGURATION FOR LIMITIATIONS ON ╥┼╒ USAGE. ╔F YOU HAVE YOUR ╥┼╒ PLUGGED INTO YOUR ╥┴═╠INK IN THE MEMORY PORT (RATHER THAN THE PASS-THROUGH PORT), AND YOU HAVE THE ╬ORMAL/─IRECT SWITCH THROWN TO THE ╬ORMAL POSITION, THEN YOUR MACHINE CANNOT ACCESS ╥┼╒ MEMORY IN THE USUAL WAY. ╘HE ONLY WAY TO ACCESS IT IS TO GO THROUGH THE ╥┴═╠INK. ┴├┼ WILL LOOK FOR PARTITION NUMBER 30 BEING ─IRECT ┴CCESS AND NAMED "INDIRECT-REU" FOR THIS PURPOSE. ╔F YOUR ╬ORMAL/─IRECT SWITCH IS IN THE ─IRECT POSITION, THEN ┴├┼ WILL USE THE ╥┼╒ DIRECTLY AND WILL IGNORE THE "INDIRECT-REU" PARTITION. ─O NOT CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE ╬ORMAL/─IRECT SWITCH WHILE ┴├┼ IS IN ACTION. ╘HE TRICKY PART HERE IS IN CONFIGURING YOUR ╥┴═╠INK. ┘OU HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT THE MEMORY ALLOCATED TO THE "INDIRECT-REU" PARTITON IS THE MEMORY OF THE ╥┼╒. ╥┴═╠INK MEMORY STARTS FROM $000000 AND GOES UP TO $╞╞╞╞╞╞. ╥┼╒ MEMORY WILL BE AT THE VERY FRONT OF THIS MEMORY (FROM ADDRESS $000000), AND THE INTERNAL ╥┴═╠INK MEMORY WILL FOLLOW IMMEDIATELY AFTER THIS. ╞OR EXAMPLE, ╔ HAVE A 512╦ ╥┼╒ AND AN 8 ═EG ╥┴═╠INK, SO MY ╥┼╒ MEMORY COVERS AT ╥╠ ADDRESSES $000000-$07╞╞╞╞, AND MY INTERNAL ╥╠ MEMORY COVERS ╥╠ ADDRESSES $080000-$87╞╞╞╞. ╫HEN PARTITIONING THE DEVICE, PARTITIONS ARE ASSIGNED MEMORY FROM LOWER ADDRESSES TO HIGHER ADDRESSES. ╙O, STARTING WITH AN EMPTY ╥╠ (NO PARTITIONS), YOU MUST CREATE THE "INDIRECT-REU" PARTITION FIRST, FOLLOWED BY ANY ╥╠-─╧╙ PARTITIONS AND THE "RL-RAM" PARTITION. ┘OU MUST ALSO MAKE SURE THAT THE "INDIRECT-REU" PARTITION IS THE SAME SIZE AS YOUR ╥┼╒. 512╦ IS 2048 BLOCKS. ┴ NOTE FOR DELETING ╥╠ PARTITIONS: DELETE THE ONES THAT WERE LAST ALLOCATED FIRST. ┘OU HAVE THE OPTION OF INSTALLING OR NOT INSTALLING EITHER OF THESE PARTITIONS. ╔F EITHER IS MISSING, ┴├┼ WILL SIMPLY WORK WITHOUT IT. ┘OU'LL WANT TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT THROWING THE ─IRECT SWITCH IF YOU DON'T HAVE YOUR ╥┼╒ "PROTECTED" WITH AN "INDIRECT-REU" PARTITION. (WITH OTHER ╥┼╒ APPLICATIONS ALSO). ╧NE NOTE ABOUT USING ╥┴═╠INK MEMORY: ┴├┼ CAN TRANSFER DATA FROM IT AT A RATE OF 16 MICROSECONDS/BYTE (63,920 BYTES/SEC), BUT THE COST OF STARTING EACH TRANSFER IS 1 MILLISECOND (WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY TERRIBLE). ├OMPARATIVELY, AN ╥┼╒ WILL TRANSFER AT A RATE OF 1 MICROSECOND/BYTE (1 ═EG/SEC), WITH A SETUP COST OF ABOUT 60 MICROSECONDS. ╙O, YOU'LL GET THE BEST PERFORMANCE OUT OF YOUR ╥┼╒ BY ACCESSING IT DIRECTLY, RATHER THAN INDIRECTLY THROUGH A ╥┴═╠INK. ╞OR INTERNAL MEMORY, THE 64 HAS ONLY ONE 64╦ INTERNAL BANK, WHEREAS YOUR 128 CAN HAVE EITHER 2, 4, OR 8 (128╦, 256╦, OR 512╦). ╘HE INTERNAL 128 MEMORY ABOVE 128╦ ARE ACCESSED ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLES IN ╘WIN├ITIES-128 ═AGAZINE. ╙INCE ╔ DON'T HAVE EXPANDED INTERNAL MEMORY FOR MY 128, ╔ HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO TEST THE EXPANDED INTERNAL MEMORY CODE. ╚OPEFULLY, SOMEONE WILL LET ME KNOW IF IT DOESN'T WORK. ╔F IT DOESN'T, THEN SET YOUR CONFIGURATION TO DISALLOW THE USE OF THE EXPANDED INTERNAL MEMORY. ╫HEN ┴├┼ STARTS, IT DETERMINES THE SIZE OF INTERNAL AND ╥┼╒ MEMORY BY WRITING SPECIAL VALUES IN THE SAME LOCATIONS OF EACH BANK AND LOOKING FOR READBACK FAILURES OR WRAP-AROUNDS. ╚OWEVER, AFTER TESTING A BANK, THE ORIGINAL CONTENTS OF THE TEST LOCATIONS ARE RESTORED. ╙O, THE TESTING PROCESS IS COMPLETELY NON-DESTRUCTIVE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. ─┼╓╔├┼╙ 5.1. ├╧══╧─╧╥┼ ├╚┴╥┴├╘┼╥ ─┼╓╔├┼╙ ╘HESE ARE REGULAR ├OMMODORE CHARACTER-ORIENTED DEVICES, WHICH REALLY ONLY INCLUDES THE PRINTER RIGHT NOW. ╘HE STANDARD ╦ERNAL CALLS ARE MADE FOR ALL ╔/╧. ╘HESE DEVICES WILL BEHAVE THE SAME WAY THEY ALWAYS HAVE. 5.2. ─╔╙╦ ─┼╓╔├┼╙ 5.2.1. ├╧══╧─╧╥┼ ─╔╙╦ ─┼╓╔├┼╙ ╥EGULAR ├OMMODORE DISK UNITS ARE ACCESSED IN THE SAME WAY AS CHARACTER- ORIENTED ├OMMODORE DEVICES, EXCEPT THAT DISK DEVICES ALSO SUPPORT SPECIAL OPERATIONS SUCH AS DIRECTORY LISTINGS. ╘HE STANDARD ╦ERNAL CALLS ARE USED AND SO ARE THE STANDARD ├OMMODORE-─╧╙ INCANTATIONS FOR OPERATIONS SUCH AS DELETING (SCRATCHING) A FILE. ┘OU CAN USE THE "DOS" COMMAND OF THE COMMAND SHELL TO SEND SPECIAL ├OMMODORE-─╧╙ COMMANDS DIRECTLY TO THESE DEVICES. 5.2.2. ├═─ ─╔╙╦ ─┼╓╔├┼╙ ╞OR ├═─ DISK DEVICES, SUPPORT HAS BEEN ADDED TO THE KERNEL TO REQUEST A "LONG-FORM" DIRECTORY LISTING, INCLUDING THE DATE AND TIME OF LAST MODIFICATION OF ALL FILES. ╘HIS ALLOWS ┴├┼ TO PASS THIS INFORMATION ONTO APPLICATION PROGRAMS THAT REQUEST A DIRECTORY LISTING FROM THE ├═─ DEVICE. ╙PECIAL SUPPORT IS ALSO INCLUDED FOR INTERPRETING DIRECTORY AND PATHNAMES. ╘HE REST OF ACCESSING ├═─ DISK DEVICES IS HANDLED EXACTLY THE SAME AS FOR REGULAR ├OMMODORE DISK DEVICES. 5.2.2. ╥┴═─╔╙╦ ─┼╓╔├┼ ╘HE ╥AMDISK, AS CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED, HAS ONE MAJOR RESTRICTION: FLAT FILENAMES. ╔.E., SUBDIRECTORIES ARE NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED. ╘O MAKE UP FOR THIS DEFICIENCY, YOU CAN HAVE AS MANY RAMDISKS ACTIVE IN THE SYSTEM AS YOU LIKE. ╙ETTING A DEVICE TO BE A RAMDISK IN THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION IS VERY EASY: JUST CHANGE THE DEVICE TYPE CODE TO THE RAMDISK TYPE (CODE 4). ╫HEN THE SYSTEM INITIALIZES, THE KERNEL WILL SCAN THE DEVICE CONFIGURATION AND INITIALIZE EVERY RAMDISK THAT YOU SPECIFY. ┼ACH INITIALIZED EMPTY RAMDISK COSTS 512 BYTES OF FAR MEMORY STORAGE. ┴LL OF THE STANDARD DISK DEVICE OPERATIONS ARE SUPPORTED FOR RAMDISKS, EXCEPT, OF COURSE FOR "MKDIR" AND "RMDIR", SINCE SUBDIRECTORIES ARE NOT IMPLEMENTED. ╘HE OPERATIONS INCLUDE: OPEN FOR READ/WRITE/APPEND, READ, WRITE, BINARY-LOAD (FOR LOADING PROGRAMS), REMOVE, RENAME, DIRECTORY OPEN & READ, CHANGE DIRECTORY (TO DEVICE), "DEVINFO", AND "ISDIR" (SEE THE ┴├┼-128/64 ╨ROGRAMMER'S ╥EFERENCE ╟UIDE FOR FURTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF THESE OPERATIONS). ╘HE FACTORY-DEFAULT CONFIGURATION FOR RAMDISKS IS TO HAVE TWO OF THEM: DEVICES "M:" AND "Z:". ╘HE INTENTION IS THAT YOU WILL USE DEVICE "Z:" FOR STORING YOUR OFTEN-USED PROGRAMS AND "M:" FOR YOUR GENERAL STORAGE. ┘OU CAN STORE EXECUTABLES ON A RAMDISK AND THEY WILL LOAD VERY QUICKLY. ╞OR THIS REASON, THE FACTORY-DEFAULT EXECUTABLE SEARCH PATH IS "Z:,A:", MEANING THAT DEVICE "Z:" WILL BE CHECKED BEFORE DEVICE "A:". ╘O GET GOOD USE OUT OF THE RAMDISKS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT IF YOU HAVE A 64 THEN YOU ALSO HAVE AN ╥┼╒ OR SOME OTHER MEMORY EXPANDER. ╫ITHOUT ANY MEMORY EXPANSION, IF YOU HAVE DISABLED THE SOFT-80 SCREEN YOU WILL HAVE 16╦ OF FAR MEMORY FOR STORING RAMDISK DATA AND IF THE SOFT-80 SCREEN IS ENABLED, YOU WILL ONLY HAVE 6╦. ╫ITH AN ╥┼╒, YOU CAN USE ALL OF THE ╥┼╒ MEMORY FOR A RAMDISK IF YOU WISH. ╧N AN UNEXPANDED 128 YOU WILL HAVE 70╦ OR SO FOR RAMDISKS. ╬OTE THAT BECAUSE OF THE "FAR MEMORY" ORGANIZATION OF ┴├┼, THE FAR MEMORY CAN BE USED TO STORE RAMDISK DATA AND ANY OTHER TYPE OF FAR MEMORY STORAGE. ═EMORY UTILIZATION IS DYNAMIC SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO RESERVE LARGE CHUNKS OF FAR MEMORY EXCLUSIVELY FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ┴S ADVERTISED AT THE TOP OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE RAMDISK DRIVER IS CAPABLE OF DELIVERING A PEAK READING SPEED OF ABOUT 1 MEGABYTE PER SECOND. ╘HIS IS FOR READING A BIG FILE THAT WAS WRITTEN TO THE RAMDISK IN LARGE CHUNKS, WHERE THE FILE IS STORED COMPLETELY IN ╥┼╒ MEMORY. ╞OR A SIMILAR FILE STORED COMPLETELY IN ╥┴═╠INK MEMORY, THE READING SPEED WILL BE AROUND 56╦/SEC. ╘HE WRITING SPEED OF FILES WILL BE APPROXIMATELY THE SAME AS FOR READING FILES, BECAUSE OF THE WAY THE DATA IS ORGANIZED: THE LIMITING FACTOR IS THE DATA TRANSFER SPEED RATHER THAN SYSTEM OVERHEAD. ╘HE ABOVE FIGURES ARE FOR A ╞AST-MODE ├128. ┘OU SHOULD GET COMPARABLE ╥┼╒ PERFORMACE FROM ╙LOW-MODE OR A 64 AND ABOUT HALF THE PERFORMANCE IN ╙LOW MODE FROM A ╥┴═╠INK. ╔ DON'T WANT TO GO INTO TOO MANY DETAILS, BUT TO GET SUCH HIGH PERFORMANCE, THE RAMDISK DRIVER USES VARIABLE-SIZED DISK BLOCKS. ┼ACH BLOCK CAN BE BETWEEN 256 BYTES AND 64╦ IN SIZE AND INCLUDES 6 BYTES OF CONTROL INFORMATION. ╫HEN YOU PERFORM A WRITE OPERATION, THE KERNEL WILL WRITE THE DATA OUT IN THE LARGEST BLOCKS POSSIBLE WITHOUT WASTING SPACE. ╘HIS WAY, WHEN THE DATA IS READ BACK IN USING A LARGE "READ" OPERATION, VERY LITTLE CONTROL OVERHEAD IS NEEDED AND THE DATA CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO INTERNAL MEMORY IN LARGE CHUNKS, AND THE AGGREGRATED PER-BYTE ACCESSING COST IS MINIMIZED, ALMOST TO THE RAW HARDWARE-ACCESSING SPEED. ╞UTURE EXPANSION POSSIBILITES FOR THIS DEVICE INCLUDE IMPLEMENTING SUBDIRECTORIES AND IMPLEMENTING NEW TYPES OF MEMORY WHICH RETAIN THEIR CONTENTS BETWEEN RUNS OF ┴├┼ (BUT NOT POWER INTERRUPTIONS) SO THAT YOU CAN HAVE A "PERMANENT" RAMDISK SIMILAR TO THE WAY THAT ╥┴═╠INK PARTITIONS WORK. ┴S IT IS NOW, ALL RAMDISKS ARE ERASED WHEN THE SYSTEM STARTS, SO YOU HAVE TO COPY NECESSARY FILES TO THE RAMDISKS EVERY TIME YOU REBOOT. 5.3. ╙├╥┼┼╬ 5.3.1. ╬╧╥═┴╠ ╙├╥┼┼╬╙ ╘HE SCREEN HAS A CUSTOM DEVICE DRIVER FOR THE 40-COLUMN (╓╔├) SCREEN OF BOTH THE ├128 AND ├64 AND THE 80-COLUMN (╓─├) SCREEN OF THE ├128. ╨LANS ALSO CALL FOR A BITMAP-EUMULATED 80-COLUMN SCREEN FOR THE ├-64. ┬ECAUSE OF THE WAY THAT THE SYSTEM HAS BEEN DESIGNED, NEW SCREEN DRIVERS JUST EASILY SLIP INTO PLACE. ╘HE CUSTOM SCREEN DRIVER INCLUDES SUPPORT FOR THE BASIC TEXT OUTPUT OPERATION, AS WELL AS SPECIAL FULL-SCREEN ACCESSING CALLS TO ALLOW FOR THE SIMPLIFIED AND STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION OF FULL-SCREEN PROGRAMS, SUCH AS A TEXT EDITOR. ╙UCH A PROGRAM WOULD BE ABLE TO WORK ON THE 40-COLUMN ├64 SCREEN AS WELL AS THE 80-COLUMN ├128 SCREEN, WITH NO MODIFICATION. ╘HE ├OMMODORE ╦ERNAL INCLUDES VERY LITTLE SUPPORT FOR FULL-SCREEN APPLICATIONS (ONLY NUMEROUS CONTROL CHARACTER CODES). ╞OR THE REGULAR OUTPUT, ONLY THE SCREEN CHARACTERS AND NOT THE COLORS ARE USED (NORMALLY), WHICH ALLOWS SCROLLING TO BE TWICE AS FAST. ╧UTPUTING CHARACTERS IS ALSO FASTER BECAUSE FEWER CONTROL CHARACTERS ARE SUPPORTED, NO TRANSLATIONS BETWEEN ╨┼╘╙├╔╔ AND SCREEN CODES NEEDS TO TAKE PLACE, AND OPERATIONS ARE OPTIMIZED FOR SPEED (RATHER THAN ╥╧═ SIZE). ╘HE DISPLAY CHARACTER SET HAS BEEN REARRANGED TO CORRESPOND TO THE ╨┼╘╙├╔╔ CHARACTER CODES, EXCEPT FOR THE "├OMMODORE" CHARACTERS. ╘HE GRAPHICS CHARACTERS HAVE BEEN RE-THOUGHT FOR APPLICATIONS. ╘HE SCREEN DRIVER ALSO INCLUDES BASIC SUPPORT FOR USER-WINDOWS, WHICH WILL BE TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF IN FUTURE APPLICATIONS. ┴ PRESCROLLING FEATURE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED LATER THAT WILL CUT DOWN ON THE NUMBER OF TIMES THAT THE SCREEN NEEDS TO BE SCROLLED IN ORDER TO DISPLAY TEXT ON THE SCREEN IF THE TEXT IS PRINTED IN ONE BIG SYSTEM CALL. ┬UT, CURRENTLY, THIS FEATURE IS NOT IMPLEMENTED. ╔NSTEAD, THE SCREEN WILL BE SCROLLED BY A FIXED NUMBER OF LINES EVERY TIME THAT CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED TO IT (BY THE "WRITE" SYSTEM CALL). ╞OR ALL SCREENS BUT THE SOFT-80 SCREEN ON THE 64 WITH NON-REU SCROLLING, THE DEFAULT FOR THIS IS TO SCROLL ONE LINE AT A TIME. ╞OR THAT SCREEN, THE DEFAULT IS TO SCROLL EIGHT LINES AT A TIME, TO MAKE UP FOR ITS SLOW SCROLLING SPEED. 5.3.2. ┬╔╘═┴╨╨┼─ 80-├╧╠╒═╬ ╙├╥┼┼╬ ╞╧╥ ╘╚┼ 64 ╘HIS SCREEN IS IMPLEMENTED WITH A ╓╔├ BITMAP AND 4X8 PIXEL CHARACTERS. ╘HE SCREEN MAPS INTO MEMORY UNDER THE ├OMMODORE ╦ERNAL ╥╧═. ╘HE ATTRIBUTE BITS OF COLOR VALUES ACT AS BACKGROUND COLOR FOR COLOR CELLS, AND THE COLOR CELLS COVER TWO CHARACTER SPACES, BECAUSE OF THE ╓╔├ HARDWARE. ┴LSO, TO CUT CORNERS, THE WINDOW-RESIZING FEATURE IS NOT IMPLEMENTED FOR THE SOFT-80 SCREEN. ┘OU CAN ONLY USE THE ENTIRE 80X25 DISPLAY AS A WINDOW. ╘HERE'S NOT A WHOLE LOT ELSE TO SAY SINCE IT WORKS PRETTY MUCH LIKE ANY OTHER ┴├┼ SCREEN. ┼R, ╔ SHOULD MENTION ABOUT THE CHARACTER SET. ╘HE ONE ╔ HAVE ╔ CAME UP WITH FOR A ╓╔├-20 40-COL SCREEN PROGRAM A LONG TIME AGO BUT IT MAY NOT BE IDEAL FOR THE SMALLER PIXELS OF THE 64. ╔ HAVE SELECTED THE DEFAULT SCREEN COLORS (BLACK ON GRAY) TO DISPLAY THE CHARACTERS CLEARLY. ╔T WORKS BEST IF YOU TURN THE BRIGHTNESS UP ON YOUR MONITOR, TO CUT DOWN ON THE PIXEL DISTORTION OF THE 64 DISPLAY. ╔F YOU COME UP WITH A BETTER CHARACTER SET OR SCREEN COLOR COMBINATION, PLEASE LET ME KNOW. ╘HE FORMAT OF THE CHARACTER SET IN MEMORY IS A BIT UNUSUAL. ┼ACH CHARACTER TAKES FOUR CONSECUTIVE BYTES AND THERE ARE, OF COURSE 256 CHARACTERS. ╘HE CHARACTERS ARE IN ╨┼╘╙├╔╔ ORDER RATHER THAN SCREEN-CODE ORDER LIKE ON THE REGULAR 64 (THE OTHER CHARACTER SETS ARE IN ╨┼╘╙├╔╔ ORDER TOO). ╘HE FIRST BYTE OF THE FOUR USED TO REPRESENT A CHARACTER INCLUDES THE FIRST AND SECOND PIXEL ROWS OF THE CHARACTER IN THE HIGH AND LOW NYBBLE, RESPECTIVELY. ╘HE OTHER THREE BYTES CONTAIN THE PIXEL ROWS IN A SIMILAR FORMAT. ╔F YOU USE A STANDARD 8-BIT-WIDE CHARACTER SET EDITOR, YOU MAY WISH TO WRITE A PROGRAM TO CONVERT FROM A NORMAL FORMAT INTO MY FORMAT FOR YOUR CUSTOM CHARACTER SET. ╔ MAY CHANGE THE FORMAT IF ╔ CAN FIND A DIFFERENT FORMAT THAT ALLOWS BETTER PERFORMANCE. 5.3.3. ╟╥┴╨╚╔├╙ ╙├╥┼┼╬╙ ╘HE KERNEL HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO INCLUDE BASIC SUPPORT FOR 320*200 MONOCHROME GRAPHICS ON THE 64 AND 640*200 AND 640*491 (╬╘╙├-64╦ ONLY) USING THE ╓─├ DISPLAY OF THE 128. ╘HE 320*200 AND 640*491 DISPLAYS HAVE A PIXEL ASPECT OF 1-TO-1 AND THE 640*200 DISPLAY HAS A PIXEL ASPECT RATIO OF 2-TO-1. ╘HE ASPECT RATIO IS MADE AVAILABLE TO APPLICATION PROGRAMS SO THEY CAN CORRECT IT, IF THEY SO CHOOSE. ╘HE BASIC SUPPORT THE KERNEL PROVIDES INCLUDES ONLY GETTING IN AND OUT OF GRAPHICS MODE, FILLING THE SCREEN WITH A GIVEN BYTE VALUE, AND LOADING THE BYTES OF A DISPLAY LINE. ┴ NUMBER OF EXTENSIONS ARE POSSIBLE, BUT ╔'D LIKE TO KEEP IT SIMPLE TO KEEP DOWN THE KERNEL SIZE. 5.4. ╦┼┘┬╧┴╥─ ┴ CUSTOM KEYBOARD SCANNER HAS BEEN ADDED ALSO. ╔T SUPPORTS A THREE-KEY ROLLOVER AS DISCUSSED IN ├= ╚ACKING ╬ET═AGAZINE ╔SSUE #6. ╘HE KEY MATRICIES WILL BE EXTENDED TO INCLUDE A NUMBER OF STANDARD CONTROL CHARACTERS FOR THINGS LIKE "PAGE UP," ETC. ╦EY SCANNING HAS BEEN COMPLETELY TAKEN OVER TO IMPLEMENT THE THREE-KEY ROLLOVER, AND TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WITH THE JOYSTICK IN PORT #1. ╘HERE ARE A FEW NEW KEYBOARD CONTROLS. ╘O TEMPORARILY PAUSE A LISTING GOING TO THE SCREEN, PRESS THE ├╧╬╘╥╧╠ KEY. ╧UTPUT WILL RESUME WHEN YOU RELEASE THE KEY. ╞OR THE ├128, THE ╬╧ ╙├╥╧╠╠ KEY IS SUPPORTED IN THE NORMAL WAY. ╧N THE 64, TO ACHIEVE THE SAME EFFECT, PRESS THE ╥╒╬/╙╘╧╨ KEY WHILE HOLDING DOWN THE ├╧╬╘╥╧╠ KEY TO PAUSE OUTPUT UNTIL YOU EXPLICITLY RE-ENABLE IT. ╘O DO THIS, JUST PRESS ╬╧ ╙├╥╧╠╠ (128) OR ├╧╬╘╥╧╠-╙╘╧╨ (64) AGAIN. ╧N THE 128, THE ├┴╨╙ KEY IS SUPPORTED IN THE NORMAL WAY (WITH ├┴╨╙-╤ FIXED), AND TO ACTIVATE CAPS LOCK MODE ON THE 64, PRESS ├╧══╧─╧╥┼-╙╘╧╨, AND PRESS IT AGAIN TO RELEASE CAPS LOCK MODE. ╘HE KEY DELAY AND REPEAT RATES ARE NOT USER- DEFINABLE RIGHT NOW, BUT THEY WILL BE. ┴LSO, FUNCTION KEYS WILL BE APPLICATION-DEFINABLE (WHERE THE COMMAND SHELL CAN BE CONSIDERED AN APPLICATION). ╙OMETHING THAT YOU MAY FIND ODD IS THAT THE CURSOR COLOR CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM THE CHARACTER COLOR. ─EAL WITH IT. ╞ULL INPUT LINE EDITING IS SUPPORTED. ╠INES MAY BE UP TO 248 CHARACTERS LONG, INCLUDING THE CARRIAGE RETURN. ┘OU CAN DELETE THE CHARACTER BEFORE THE CURSOR BY TYPING ─┼╠. ┘OU CAN USE THE CURSOR ╠┼╞╘ AND ╥╔╟╚╘ KEYS TO MOVE THE CURSOR ON THE CURRENT INPUT LINE AND ANY CHARACTERS YOU TYPE WILL BE INSERTED BEFORE THE CHARACTER THAT THE CURSOR IS ON. ├╧-╠┼╞╘ AND ├╧-╥╔╟╚╘ (ON THE 128 WITH THE UPPER CURSOR KEYS) MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING AND END OF THE CURRENT LINE. ├╘-╩ AND ├╘-╦ DO THE SAME THING. ╫HEN YOU WISH TO GENERATE AN ┼╧╞ (END-OF-FILE) SIGNAL FROM THE KEYBOARD, PRESS ├╧╬╘╥╧╠-─. ╘HIS WILL ONLY WORK ON AN EMPTY LINE; OTHERWISE, YOU WILL GET THE ├╘-─ CHARACTER. ╔F YOU WISH TO EDIT AND RE-ENTER A PREVIOUS LINE, PRESS THE CURSOR-╒╨ KEY WHEN THE SYSTEM PROMPTS YOU FOR AN INPUT LINE. ╘HIS WILL RECALL THE PREVIOUS LINE. ┘OU CAN PRESS CURSOR-╒╨ AND ─╧╫╬ TO SCAN THROUGH ALL OF THE SCROLL BUFFER LINES YOU HAVE ALLOCATED IN THE CONFIGURATION. ┬UFFERING EACH LINE WILL COST YOU 256 BYTES OF FAR MEMORY. ╫HEN YOU HAVE SELECTED A PREVIOUS INPUT LINE, YOU CAN EDIT IT OR RE-ENTER IT JUST LIKE NORMAL. ╘HE INSTANT THAT YOU CHANGE OR ENTER THE LINE, IT BECOMES THE CURRENT LINE. ╧THERWISE, IF YOU DON'T CHANGE A PREVIOUS LINE, THEN YOU CAN SCROLL BACK DOWN TO THE CURRENT LINE YOU WERE WORKING ON BEFORE. ╘HIS IS USEFUL FOR CHECKING SOME ITEM ON A PREVIOUS LINE AND THEN CONTINUING WITH THE CURRENT LINE. ╫HEN YOU SCROLL BACK TO THE END OF THE HISTORY BUFFER, THE BELL WILL RING IF YOU TRY TO SCROLL BACK ANY FARTHER. ┬LANK LINES ARE NOT ENTERED IN THE SCROLLBACK BUFFER. ┴LSO, ALL LINES RATHER THAN JUST THE COMMAND LINES ARE SAVED (ALTHOUGH ╔ MAY RECONSIDER THIS LATER). 5.5 ╒╙┼╥-╨╧╥╘ ╔╬╘┼╥-═┴├╚╔╬┼ ╬┼╘╫╧╥╦ ─┼╓╔├┼ ╘HE DEVICE SEEMS TO HAVE A COUPLE OF BUGS AT THE MOMENT, SO DON'T RELY TOO HEAVILY ON IT. ╔T FOLLOWS FROM WHAT WAS OUTLINED IN ISSUE #8 OF ├= ╚ACKING NET MAGAZINE. ╔T ALLOWS YOU TO SEND BYTES OF DATA FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER, WHICH IS ALL THAT ANY NETWORK, NO MATTER HOW COMPLICATED, ACTUALLY DOES. ╫ITH THIS ABILITY, YOU CAN WRITE ARBITRARILY COMPLEX DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS. ╫ELL, BEFORE WE GET TOO GRAND, THE "NETWORK" IS CURRENTLY LIMITED TO ONLY CONNECTING TWO COMPTERS TOGETHER. ╚ERE IS HOW THE WIRING GOES IF YOU WANT TO MAKE YOUR OWN NETWORK CABLE: ╚OST-┴ NAME/PIN PIN/NAME ╚OST-┬ ╟╬─ <┴>+------------------------------------+<┴> ╟╬─ ╞╠┴╟ <┬>+------------------------------------+<8> ╨├2 *** ╨┬0 <├>+------------------------------------+<├> ╨┬0 ╨┬1 <─>+------------------------------------+<─> ╨┬1 ╨┬2 <┼>+------------------------------------+<┼> ╨┬2 ╨┬3 <╞>+------------------------------------+<╞> ╨┬3 ╨┬4 <╚>+------------------------------------+<╟> ╨┬4 ╨┬5 <╩>+------------------------------------+<╚> ╨┬5 ╨┬6 <╦>+------------------------------------+<╩> ╨┬6 ╨┬7 <╠>+------------------------------------+<╦> ╨┬7 ╟╬─ <╬>+------------------------------------+<╬> ╟╬─ ├╬╘2 <6>+------------------------------------+<6> ├╬╘2 ╙╨2 <7>+------------------------------------+<7> ╙╨2 ╨├2 <8>+------------------------------------+<┬> ╞╠┴╟ *** ╚ERE IS THE ├OMMODORE 128/64 ╒SER ╨ORT WHEN LOOKING AT THE BACK OF THE UNIT: 111 123456789012 TOP ------------ ┴┬├─┼╞╚╩╦╠═╬ BOTTOM ┘OU WILL NEED TWO APPROPRIATE CONNECTORS AND SOME 14-CONDUCTOR RIBBON CABLE TO BUILD THE NETWORK. ╧NE OF MY CONNECTORS IS A 44-CONDUCTOR CONNECTOR OF THE TYPE USED WITH THE ╓╔├-20 EXPANSION PORT THAT ╔ SAWED IN HALF AND THE CABLE IS SOME OLD JUNK RIBBON CABLE THAT WAS LYING AROUND THAT ╔ REMOVED SOME OF THE CONDUCTORS FROM. ┴NY OLD JUNK WILL DO. ┘OU'RE PROBABLY BEST OFF IF YOUR CABLE IS LESS THAN SIX FEET LONG (2 METRES). ╘HE IMPLEMENTED SOFTWARE PROTOCOL IS INTENDED FOR FILE-STREAM TRANSFERS. ╙INCE THE NETWORK IS INHERENTLY UNI-DIRECTIONAL (DATA CAN ONLY FLOW IN ONE DIRECTION AT A TIME), YOU MUST BE VERY CAREFUL ABOUT COORDINATING THINGS SO THAT YOU ALWAYS HAVE ONE TRANSMITTER AND ONE RECEIVER WHENEVER YOU ARE TRANSFERRING DATA. ╔F BOTH HOSTS TRY TO RECEIVE OR BOTH TRY TO TRANSMIT AT THE SAME TIME, THEY WILL BOTH DEADLOCK FOREVER (OR UNTIL YOU RESET THEM). ┴S AN EXAMPLE, IF YOU WANTED TO TRANSFER A FILE OVER THE NETWORK, YOU WOULD ENTER THE FOLLOWING ON THE RECEIVING COMPUTER: CAT U: >FILE AND THE FOLLOWING ON THE TRANSMITTING COMPUTER: CAT FILE >U: ╘HE DEVICE OPERATES MUCH LIKE A ╒NIX "PIPE". ┘OU CAN ALSO USE THE "CP" OR "BCODE" OR WHATEVER AND YOU THE ORDER IN WHICH YOU START THE TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER DOESN'T MATTER (ALTHOUGH THERE SEEMS TO BE A BUG WITH THIS--START THE RECEIVER FIRST FOR THE TIME BEING). ╘HE PACKET SIZE ON THE NETWORK IS VARIABLE AND IS DEFINED BY THE SIZE OF WRITE CALL THAT THE TRANSMITTER PERFORMS A WRITE OPERATION. ╞LOW-CONTROL HANDSHAKING IS PERFORMED FOR EACH BYTE SENT, SO THE WRITER WILL BE DELAYED IN THE WRITE SYSTEM CALL UNTIL THE RECEIVER HAS RECEIVED EVERY LAST BYTE OF THE PACKET BY PERFORMING APPROPRIATE READ OPERATIONS. ╘HIS MEANS THAT THE WRITER WILL OPERATE SYNCHRONOUSLY WITH THE READER IF THE RECEIVE BUFFER (READ SIZE) IS SMALLER THAN THE TRANSMIT BUFFER (WRITE SIZE) AND THAT THE WRITER WILL OPERATE ASYNCHRONOUSLY (CONCURRENTLY) WITH THE RECEIVER IF THE RECEIVE BUFFER IS LARGER THAN OR EQUAL IN SIZE TO THE TRANSMIT BUFFER. ├ONCURRENCY IS GOOD. ┴LSO, READS WILL SOMETIMES RETURN "SHORT BLOCKS", BLOCKS WITH FEWER BYTES THAN THE READ REQUEST SPECIFIED. ╘HIS IS TO ALLOW THE DEVICE TO BE TRULY PACKET-ORIENTED, WHICH CAN ALLOW CLIENT/SERVER-TYPE INTERACTIONS OVER THE UNI-DIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION LINE. ╠IKE THE KEYBOARD DEVICE, THERE IS NO TRUE "END OF FILE" FOR THE STREAM, BUT ONE IS GENERATED EACH TIME THE SENDER PERFORMS A "CLOSE". ╘HE "OPEN" SYSTEM CALL REALLY DOESN'T DO MUCH OTHER THAN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALLOCATING A NEW FILE DESCRIPTOR. ╘HE MAXIMUM TRANSFER RATE IS CURRENTLY AROUND 40╦/SEC. ╘HE MAXIMUM RATE POSSIBLE, IF SOFTWARE WERE AS EFFICIENT AS POSSIBLE, WOULD BE ABOUT 80╦/SEC WITH TWO ╞AST-MODE ├128S. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. ├╧══┴╬─╙ 6.1. ┬╒╔╠╘-╔╬ ├╧══┴╬─╙ ╘HE FOLLOWING SUBSECTIONS GIVE THE LOW DOWN ON ALL OF THE EXECUTABLE PROGRAMS PROVIDED WITH ┴├┼, INCLUDING THE SYSTEM PROGRAMS AND EXTERNAL USER PROGRAMS. ╞OR EACH COMMAND, A SYNOPSIS IS GIVEN, FOLLOWED BY THE DESCRIPTION. -------- ECHO [ARG ...] ╨RINT THE GIVEN ARGUMENTS TO STDOUT, WITH A SPACE BETWEEN EACH AND A CARRIAGE RETURN AT THE END OF THE LINE. -------- CLEAR CLS ├LEAR THE SCREEN. "CLS" IS THE ═╙-─╧╙ NAME AND "CLEAR" IS THE ╒NIX NAME. ╘HIS COMMAND SIMPLY EMITS A "FORM-FEED" CHARACTER TO STDOUT. -------- DIR [DIRNAME] D [DIRNAME] LS [DIRNAME] CLSL [DIRNAME] ─ISPLAY A DIRECTORY LISTING OF THE GIVEN DIRECTORY OR OF THE CURRENT DIRECTORY IF NO "DIRNAME" IS GIVEN. ╘HIS COMMAND HAS SO MANY VARIENTS BECAUSE IT IS SO USEFUL. "DIRECTORY" AND "DIR" ARE SYNONYMOUS AND CLEAR THE SCREEN BEFORE GIVING A LONG-FORM DIRECTORY LISTING. "D" GIVES A LONG-FORM DIRECTORY LISTING WITHOUT CLEARING THE SCREEN. "LS" GIVES A SHORT-FORM DIRECTORY LISTING WITHOUT CLEARING THE SCREEN, AND "CLSL" GIVES A SHORT-FORM LISTING AFTER CLEARING THE SCREEN. ╙HORT-FORM LISTINGS INCLUDE ONLY THE FILENAMES OF THE FILES IN THE DIRECTORY, WHEREAS LONG-FORM LISTINGS INCLUDE DIRECTORY NAME, FILE PERMISSIONS, DATE AND TIME OF LAST MODIFICATION, LENGTH (IN BLOCKS*254 BYTES), FILE TYPE, AND FILENAME. ╧N 40-COL DISPLAYS, THE DATE AND TIME FIELDS ARE OMITTED. ╞OR TECHNICAL REASONS (BECAUSE THEY ARE BUILT-IN AND SPACE IS LIMITED), THESE COMMANDS WILL NOT ACTUALLY DISPLAY A REAL DATA AND TIME. ┘OU MUST USE THE EXTERNAL PROGRAM "XLS" TO SEE REAL DATES AND TIMES. -------- CD [DIRNAME] ├HANGE THE CURRENT WORKING DEVICE AND DIRECTORY TO THE GIVEN DIRECTORY NAME. ╔F NO DIRECTORY NAME IS GIVEN, CHANGE TO THE "HOME" (INITIAL) DIRECTORY. -------- CAT [FILE ...] ─ISPLAY THE CONTENTS OF THE NAMED FILES TO STDOUT. ╔F NO FILES ARE NAMED, THEN INPUT IS TAKEN FROM STDIN (NORMALLY THE KEYBOARD). -------- EXIT X ┼XIT FROM THE COMMAND SHELL. ┼╧╞ ON STDIN (NORMALLY ├ONTROL-─ FROM THE KEYBOARD) HAS THE SAME EFFECT. ╔F THE CURRENT COMMAND SHELL IS THE INITIAL ONE STARTED BY THE SYSTEM (PROCESS #2), THEN ┴├┼ WILL EXIT BACK TO ┬┴╙╔├. ╧THERWISE, THE COMMAND SHELL WILL EXIT BACK TO THE PROGRAM THAT INVOKED IT. -------- DOS COMMAND @ COMMAND ╟IVE A ├OMMODORE-─╧╙ COMMAND TO THE CURRENT DEVICE (╧╨┼╬1,DV,15..). ┬OTH "DOS" AND "@" ARE EXACTLY SYNONYMOUS. -------- PATH PATH DIRNAME ... ─ISPLAY OR SET THE PATH TO SEARCH FOR SEARCHING FOR EXTERNAL PROGRAMS. "PATH" ALONE ON A COMMAND LINE DISPLAYS THE CURRENT SEARCH PATH, AND "PATH" FOLLOWED BY ARGUMENTS WILL SET THE SEARCH PATH TO THE FOLLOWING ARGUMENTS. -------- SH ╔NVOKE A SUB-SHELL. ├URRENTLY, ARGUMENTS ARE NOT ACCEPTED. ╘HE SUBSHELL WILL ACCEPT ITS COMMANDS ONLY FROM STDIN. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6.2. ╙┘╙╘┼═ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═╙ ACE ╘HIS IS THE MAIN LOADER. ╔T DETERMINES WHETHER IT IS RUNNING ON A 128 OR A 64 AND THEN LOADS AND RUNS EITHER "ACE128" OR "ACE64" BELOW. -------- ACE128 ACE64 ╘HESE ARE THE KERNEL PROGRAMS. -------- CONFIG ╘HE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION PROGRAM. ╘HIS IS NOT A USER-EXECUTABLE PROGRAM; IT IS LOADED AND EXECUTED WHILE THE SYSTEM IS BOOTSTRAPPING. ╘HIS PROGRAM LOADS THE "CONFIG.SYS" AND "ACE-CHARSET" FILES, INITIALIZES THE DYNAMICALLY ALLOCATED MEMORY, AND SETS THE DATE. -------- CONFIG.EDIT ╘HE CONFIGURATION EDITOR WRITTEN IN ┬┴╙╔├. ╠╧┴─ AND ╥╒╬ IT DIRECTLY FROM ┬┴╙╔├. ╞ULL-SCREEN INTERFACE. ╙AME PROGRAM RUNS ON EITHER A 128 OR 64. -------- SH ╘HE COMMAND SHELL. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6.3. ┼╪╘┼╥╬┴╠ ╨╥╧╟╥┴═╙ CP [-F] FILE DESTFILE CP [-F] FILE ... DIRECTORY ┴ FILE COPIER. ╧PERATES LIKE THE ╒NIX FILE-COPIER PROGRAM. ╔F YOU GIVE TWO FILENAMES, WILL COPY THE FIRST FILE TO THE SECOND NAME. ╔F A NUMBER OF FILE NAMES ARE GIVEN AND THE LAST ARGUMENT IS A DIRECTORY NAME IS GIVEN, WILL COPY ALL OF THE FILES, RETAINING THEIR NAMES, INTO THE GIVEN DIRECTORY. ╔F A FILE THAT YOU WANT TO COPY TO ALREADY EXISTS, THEN YOU WILL BE PROMPTED FOR WHETHER YOU WANT TO OVERWRITE THE FILE: YES, NO, ALL, OR QUIT. ┴NSWERING ┘ES WILL OVERWRITE THE FILE, AND CONTINUE ONTO THE NEXT FILE. ┴NSWERING ╬O WILL ABORT COPYING THE CURRENT FILE AND CONTINUE ONTO THE NEXT FILE. ┴NSWERING ┴LL WILL HAVE THE SAME ACTION AS ┘ES, EXCEPT THAT IT WILL NEVER ASK YOUR PERMISSION AGAIN; IT WILL ALWAYS ASSUME ┘ES. ┴NSWERING ╤UIT WILL ABORT THE ENTIRE COPY OPERATION WITHOUT DISTURBING ANY MORE FILES. ╔F, ON THE OTHER HAND, YOU USE THE "-F" OPTION (FORCE), THEN THE COMMAND WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING FILES WITHOUT PESTERING YOU FOR PERMISSION. ╧R, IF THE STDIN FILE STREAM IS NOT CONNECTED TO THE CONSOLE, THEN THE "FORCE" OPTION WILL BE PRESUMED. ╔ WOULD REALLY LIKE TO GET A "-R" (RECURSIVE) OPTION WORKING. ═AYBE IN AN "XCP" VARIANT. -------- RM FILE ... ╞ILE REMOVER (SCRATCHER). ┴LL NAMED FILES WILL BE DELETED. -------- MV OLDFILE1 NEWFILE1 ... OLDFILE╬ NEWFILE╬ ╞ILE RENAMER. ╞OR EACH PAIR OF NAMES, THE OLD NAME WILL BE CHANGED TO THE NEW NAME. ╔F THE NEW NAME ALREADY EXISTS, THEN THE PROGRAM WILL REPORT AN ERROR. ╘HIS USES THE CRUFTY ├OMMODORE RENAME ─╧╙ COMMAND, SO DON'T EVEN THINK ABOUT RENAMING A FILE THAT IS NOT IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY OR "MOVING" A FILE BETWEEN DIRECTORIES. -------- MKDIR FLAT─IR╬AME ├REATE A NEW SUBDIRECTORY IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. ╘HE GIVEN NAME MUST BE "FLAT", I.E., IT IS JUST THE NAME LIKE "DIRNAME", WITHOUT ANY "/"S OR ":"S. -------- RMDIR FLAT─IR╬AME ╥EMOVE AN EXISTING EMPTY SUBDIRECTORY IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. -------- XLS [-[C][L]] DIRNAME ... ╙AME AS THE BUILT-IN DIRECTORY AND LS COMMANDS, EXCEPT THIS ONE WILL ACTUALLY DISPLAY REAL DATES AND TIMES. ┴LSO, THIS WILL DISPLAY THE NUMBER OF FILES, NUMBER OF FILE BYTES, AND NUMBER OF BYTES FREE AT THE END OF A LONG-FORM LISTING. ╘HE "-L" FLAG MEANS TO GIVE A LONG-FORM LISTING; OTHERWISE, A SHORT-FORM LISTING WILL BE GIVEN. ╘HE "-C" FLAG MEANS TO CLEAR THE SCREEN BEFORE GIVING THE LISTING. ╘HE BUILT-IN DIRECTORY LISTING COMMANDS WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE COMMAND SHELL AND BE REPLACED WITH THIS ONE AFTER ╔ DO MORE FIDDLING WITH THE COMMAND SHELL. ╬OTE THAT YOU CAN GET A CRUDE DIRECTORY LISTING WITH "ECHO *". -------- UUENCODE FILE ... ┴ UUENCODER. ╘HE UUENCODE PROGRAM SENDS ITS OUTPUT TO STDOUT, SO YOU WILL USUALLY WANT TO REDIRECT STDOUT TO A DISK FILE. ╘HIS OUTPUT WILL BE IN ╨ETSCII CHARACTERS, TO WORK WITH THE OTHER TEXT UTILITIES. ╔F YOU WISH TO HAVE THE OUTPUT IN ┴SCII, THEN YOU MUST RUN IT THROUGH THE "TR" PROGRAM (BELOW). -------- UUDECODE FILE ... ┴ UUDECODER. ╘HE UUDECODE PROGRAM WILL ACCEPT EITHER ╨ETSCII OR ┴SCII FILES AND IS ABLE TO EXTRACT MULTIPLE FILES FROM ONE INPUT FILE. ┼XTRACTED FILES ARE PUT INTO ╨╥╟ FILES. -------- BCODE [-HELP] [-V] [-U] [-M] [-L MAX_LINE_COUNT] [FILENAME ...] ┼NCODE THE GIVEN FILES INTO ┬├╧─┼ FORMAT. ╘HIS FORMAT, LIKE UUENCODED FORMAT, IS USED FOR TRANSMITTING BINARY INFORMATION THROUGH A TEXT-ONLY MEDIUM. ╘HE "-HELP" FLAG IS USED TO DISPLAY "USAGE" INFORMATION TO STDERR. ╘HE COMMAND WILL EXIT AFTER ENCOUNTERING THE FLAG, BEFORE DOING ANY WORK. ╘HE "-V" FLAG MEANS TO GIVE "VERBOSE" INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS GOING ON. ╘HE "-U" AND "-M" FLAGS INSTRUCT BCODE TO OUTPUT IN EITHER ╒NIX (┴SCII-╠F) OR ═┼╙╙-─╧╙ (┴SCII-├R╠F) FORMAT. ╘HE DEFAULT IS GOOD OLE ╨ETSCII. ╘HE "-L" FLAG AND VALUE ALLOWS YOU TO SPECIFY THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BCODED LINES TO INCLUDE IN EACH SEGMENT OF THE BCODED DATA. ╫HEN THIS FLAG IS USED, OUTPUT IS SENT TO SPECIAL OUTPUT FILES RATHER THAN TO STDOUT (WHERE IT IS USUALLY SENT). ╧NE SEGMENT IS SENT TO EACH SPECIAL OUTPUT FILE. ╘HESE SPECIAL OUTPUT FILES ARE NAMED AFTER THE FILE BEING ENCODED, APPENDED WITH A ".B" FOLLOWED BY THE AT-LEAST-TWO DIGIT SEGMENT NUMBER. ╔F THE FULL NAME WOULD EXCEED 16 CHARACTERS, THE "BASENAME" IS TRUNCATED. ╔F THE SOURCE FILE INCLUDES A PATH, THE PATH IS IGNORED AND THE SPECIAL FILE IS PUT IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. ╞OR EXAMPLE, BCODE -L 800 B:JUNKFILE WOULD PUT THE BCODED SEGMENT DATA INTO "JUNKFILE.B01", "JUNKFILE.B02", ..., "JUNKFILE.B99", "JUNKFILE.B100", ETC., IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY. ┼ACH LINE OF BCODED DATA CONTAINS 72 CHARACTERS (WHICH REPRESENT 54 RAW DATA BYTES), SO 800 LINES WILL PRODUCE 59200 BYTES OF OUTPUT (COUNTING ├╥ AND ╠╞ AT THE END OF EACH LINE), WHICH IS A GOOD SIZE FOR POSTING OR FOR MAILING TO BRAIN-DAMAGED MAILERS (UNDER 64╦). ╘HE MAX_LINE_COUNT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE TWO CONTROL LINES IN THE BCODE FORMAT. ╔F YOU INCLUDE FILENAMES ON THE COMMAND LINE, THEN INPUT WILL BE TAKEN FROM THEM IN TURN. ╧THERWISE, INPUT WILL ╬╧╘ BE TAKEN FROM STDIN AND NO WORK WILL BE DONE. ┘OU MAY INCLUDE MANY FILENAMES (AND ASSOCIATED ALIASES) ON A COMMAND LINE TO CREATE A ┬├╧─┼ ARCHIVE (WHICH SHOULD BE SUFFIXED ".BCA"). ╔F YOU SPECIFY THAT A FILE IS TO BE BROKEN INTO MULTIPLE SEGMENTS FOR ENCODING, THEN LAST SEGMENT MAY BE OF ZERO LENGTH. ╘HIS IS NOT AN ERROR AND WILL BE DECODED CORRECTLY, ALTHOUGH IT MAY BE A BIT OF A PAIN. -------- UNBCODE [-HELP] [-I] [-V] [-D] [FILENAME ...] ╘HIS IS A FULL-BLOWN ┬├╧─┼ DECODER. ╔T WILL READ ┬├╧─┼ DATA FROM FILES NAMED IN ANY ORDER AND RECONSTRUCT THE ORIGINAL BINARY FILES THAT WERE ENCODED USING THE ┬├╧─┼ PROGRAM ABOVE. ╔F THE "-HELP" FLAG IS SPECIFIED, USAGE INFORMATION WILL BE GIVEN AND THE PROGRAM WILL EXIT. ╘HE THREE OTHER FLAGS ARE USED TO REQUEST DIFFERENT LEVELS OF OPERATIONAL INFORMATION: INFORMATIVE, VERBOSE, AND DEBUGGING. ╔NFORMATIVE MESSAGES INCLUDE WHEN A FILE IS COMPLETELY PIECED BACK TOGETHER, VERBOSE INFORMATION INCLUDES WHEN A FILE IS OPENED OR CLOSED, AND DEBUGGING INFORMATION INCLUDES A DUMP OF THE INTERNAL "HAVE" TABLE THAT KEEPS TRACK OF WHICH SEGMENTS OF WHICH FILES THE DECODER CURRENTLY HAS. ├URRENTLY, INFORMATIVE AND VERBOSE INFORMATION IS HARD-WIRED ON. ╔NTERMEDIATE SEGMENTS ARE DECODED IMMEDIATELY AND PLACED INTO TEMPORARY FILES IN THE CURRENT DIRECTORY WITH NAMES LIKE "0┬├00001", WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS. ╘HESE FILES ARE CREATED AND DELETED AS NEEDED. ┬ETWEEN RUNS, IF THERE ARE ANY FILES THAT HAVE NOT YET BEEN COMPLETELY PIECED TOGETHER, THE "HAVE" INFORMATION IS SAVED INTO "0┬├-╙╘┴╘", WHICH CAN BE LISTED TO SEE WHAT IS IN THE TEMPORARY FILES AND WHICH SEGMENTS OF THE FILES ARE MISSING. ┴N EXAMPLE OF ITS CONTENTS WOULD BE: 00001-00001 BEG 0000001223 0┬├00002 FILEA 00001-00001 BEG 0000540122 0┬├00004 FILEB 00003-00003 MID 0000002832 0┬├00001 FILEB 00005-00005 END 0000000023 0┬├00003 FILEB ╘HE FIRST TWO COLUMNS WITH THE DASH BETWEEN INDICATE THE RANGE OF SEGMENT NUMBERS THAT ARE CONTAINED IN THE TEMPORARY FILE. ╘HE NEXT COLUMN GIVES THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TEMPORARY FILE, INDICATING IF IT IS THE BEGINNING, MIDDLE, OR THE END OF THE COMPLETE FILE BEING DECODED. ╘HE NEXT COLUMN GIVES THE LENGTH OF THE TEMPORARY DATA (USED FOR ERROR RECOVERY). ╘HE NEXT COLUMN GIVES THE NAME OF THE TEMPORARY FILE, AND THE FINAL COLUMN GIVES THE NAME OF THE FILE THAT THE "FRAGMENT" BELONGS TO. ╘HE FACT THAT THE STATUS OF DECODING IS KEPT BETWEEN RUNS MEANS THAT YOU DON'T HAVE TO HAVE ALL OF THE SEGMENTS OF THE FINAL FILE(S) PRESENT AT ANY ONE RUN. ┼RROR CHECKING IS PERFORMED ON EACH SEGMENT AS IT IS BEING DECODED, AND IF AN ERROR IS ENCOUTERED, THE SEGMENT WILL BE IGNORED. ┬ECAUSE OF THE "INCREMENTAL DECODE" FEATURE, YOU CAN OBTAIN CORRECT COPIES OF THE SEGMENTS THAT WERE FOUND TO BE IN ERROR BEFORE AND RUN THEM THROUGH AGAIN. ╘HIS PROGRAM WILL RECOVER FROM ALL ERRORS IN THE INPUT DATA, INCLUDING ONE TRICKY CASE THAT THE ├ UNBCODE PROGRAM RELEASED EARLIER BEFORE COULD NOT. ╘HE ONLY WAYS THAT THINGS CAN GET FOWLED UP ARE IF UNBCODE HAS ACCESS PROBLEMS TO THE TEMPORARY FILES, OR IF YOU ╙╘╧╨ THE PROGRAM AT AN INOPPORTUNE TIME. ╘O RECOVER FROM ALL ERRORS, YOU JUST HAVE TO DELETE ALL OF THE "0┬├" TEMPORARY FILES, INCLUDING "0┬├-╙╘┴╘". ─URING DECODING, THIS PROGRAM WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING "0┬├" FILES OR FILES BEING DECODED. -------- CRC32 FILE ... ├╥├32 *┬* GENERATOR. ╘HE NUMBERS GENERATED BY THIS PROGRAM MATCH ├╥├32 VALUE GENERATED BY OTHER PROGRAMS, SUCH AS ╨╦┌╔╨ AND ┌═╧─┼═. ╘HIS PROGRAM IS USED TO VERIFY THAT FILES HAVE BEEN TRANSPORTED FROM PLACE TO PLACE CORRECTLY. ╘HE PROGRAM USES A TABLE-DRIVEN BYTE-ORIENTED ALGORITHM, SO IT EXECUTES FASTER THAN THE OLDER (CRC32A) PROGRAM. -------- CRC32A FILE ... ├╥├32 *┴* GENERATOR. ╘HE NUMBERS GENERATED BY THIS PROGRAM ─╧╬'╘ MATCH THE ├╥├32 GENERATED BY OTHER PROGRAMS, SUCH AS ╨╦┌╔╨. ╚OWEVER, IT WILL ALWAYS MATCH ITSELF. ╘HE PROGRAM USES A BRUTE-FORCE BITWISE ALGORITHM, SO IT IS RELATIVELY SLOW. ╘HE PROGRAM IS INCLUDED FOR HYSTERICAL (ER... HISTORICAL) REASONS. -------- WC FILE ... ╫ORD COUNTER. ├OUNTS THE LINES, WORDS, AND CHARACTERS IN A FILE. ╘O COUNT LINES, THE PROGRAM SIMPLY COUNTS CARRIAGE RETURNS (CODE 13 DECIMAL). ┴ WORD IS ANY NON-WHITESPACE CHARACTER(S) BETWEEN WHITESPACE CHARACTERS. ╫HITESPACE IS DEFINED AS THE CHARACTERS ╙╨┴├┼, ╘┴┬, AND ╥┼╘╒╥╬ (CODES 32, 9, AND 13 DECIMAL, RESPECTIVELY). ╔F MULTIPLE FILES ARE SPECIFIED, TOTALS WILL BE REPORTED. -------- GREP [-[I][V]] [^]SUBSTR[$] FILE ... ╘HE "I" AND "V" FLAGS ARE OPTIONAL. "I" MEANS TO IGNORE THE CASE OF LETTERS IN COMPARISONS AND THE "V" MEANS TO INVERT THE SEARCH - DISPLAY LINES THAT DO NOT MATCH THE PATTERN. ╘HE SUBSTRING MAY BEGIN WITH "^" WHICH MEANS ONLY TO CHECK FOR THE STRING AT THE BEGINNING OF A LINE, AND MAY END WITH "$" WHICH MEANS ONLY TO CHECK FOR THE STRING AT THE END OF A LINE. ┬OTH "^" AND "$" MAY BE USED AT THE SAME TIME. ╘HERE IS NO ESCAPE CHARACTER, SO YOU'LL HAVE PROBLEMS TRYING TO SEACH FOR THE TWO ANCHOR CHARACTERS IN THE FILES. ╧NE OR MORE FILES MAY BE SPECIFIED TO BE SEARCHED. ╔F MORE THAN ONE FILE, THEN THE NAME OF THE FILE WILL PRECEED EACH LINE PRINTED THAT MATCHES. ╧UTPUT GOES TO STDOUT. ╙OME EXAMPLES FOLLOW: GREP HELLO HELLO_WORLD.C GREP -V '^$' FILE1 >FILE1.NOBLANK GREP -I CR┴I╟ ╚ACK* GREP -IV 'THE$' FILE2 ╘HE FIRST EXAMPLE SIMPLY SEARCHES FOR THE STRING "HELLO". ╘HE SECOND EXAMPLE REMOVES ALL BLANK LINES FROM THE INPUT FILE. ╘HE THIRD EXAMPLE SEARCHES THE ╚ACK1, ╚ACK2, ╚ACK3, ╚ACK4, AND ╚ACK5 FILES (FOR EXAMPLE) FOR THE WORD "CRAIG" WHICH CAN BE IN ANY CASE (EG. "├RAIG" WOULD MATCH). ╘HE FOURTH EXAMPLE DISPLAYS ALL LINES THAT DO NOT END WITH THE WORD "THE" IN ANY CASE (EG. THE SECOND LINE OF THIS PARAGRAPH WOULD BE OMITTED). ╙OME LIMITATIONS OF THE PROGRAM ARE: ONLY THE FIRST 2048 CHARACTERS OF A (REALLY LONG) LINE WILL BE CONSIDERED, LINES MAY NOT CONTAIN THE CHARACTER CODE $00, AND THE LAST LINE OF THE FILE MUST END WITH A ╥┼╘╒╥╬ (OR IT WILL BE IGNORED). -------- TR [-FROMSET2TOSET] FILE ... ╘RANSLATE FILES FROM ONE CHARACTER SET TO ANOTHER. ├HARACTER SETS SUPPORTED ARE: ╨ETSCII, ┴SCII-├R╠F (═╙-─╧╙), ┴SCII-╠F (╒NIX), ┴SCII-├R, AND ╙PEED╙CRIPT. "FROMSET" AND "TOSET" IN THE SYNOPSIS ABOVE MAY BE ANY OF: "P" (╨ETSCII), "A" (┴SCII-├R╠F), "AL" (┴SCII-╠F), "AC" (┴SCII-├R), "S" (╙PEED╙CRIPT), "C" (├OMMODORE == ╨ETSCII), "U" (╒NIX == ┴SCII-╠F), OR "M" (═╙-─╧╙ == ┴SCII-├R╠F). ╘HE THE CHARACTER SET SPECIFIERS ARE SEPARATED BY THE CHARACTER "2" (MEANING "TRANSLATE TO"). ╔F THE TRANSLATION SPECIFICATION ARGUMENT IS MISSING, THE DEFAULT OF TRANSLATING FROM ┴SCII-├R╠F TO ╨ETSCII IS USED. ╔NPUT IS TAKEN FROM THE FILES AND ALL OUTPUT GOES TO STDOUT IN ORDER. ┼XAMPLE: TR -S2U FILE1 >FILE1.UNIX ╘RANSLATE FROM ╙PEED╙CRIPT FORMAT TO ┴SCII-╠F (╒NIX) FORMAT THE CONTENTS OF "FILE1" AND PUT INTO FILE "FILE1.UNIX". ╘HE NAME "TR" IS USED (A ╒NIX UTILITY) BECAUSE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THIS PROGRAM WILL GROW TO INCLUDE THAT OF THE ╒NIX "TR" UTILITIY. -------- SORT [-[I][V]] [+COLUMN] FILE ... ╙ORT UTILITY. ├URRENTLY USES A SUCKED-OUT INSERTION SORT ALGORITHM. ╫ILL BE EXTENDED TO USE THE "┴PPROXIMATION ╙ORT" ALGORITHM, WHICH HAS BETWEEN ╧(╬) AND ╧(╬^2) PERFORMANCE (CLOSE TO ╧(╬) FOR RANDOM DATA). ═AKES USE OF DYNAMICALLY ALLOCATED MEMORY TO STORE LARGE FILES INTERNALLY. ╘HE "I" AND "V" FLAGS ARE OPTIONAL. "I" MEANS TO IGNORE CASE OF LETTER CHARACTERS IN COMPARISONS TO DETERMINE ORDER. ╘HE "V" FLAG MEANS TO INVERSE THE ORDER OF SORTING (PUT INTO DESCENDING ORDER RATHER THEN THE USUAL ASCENDING ORDER). ╘HE +COL FIELD IS OPTIONAL, AND IF PRESENT, GIVES THE CHARACTER POSITION OF THE START OF THE SORTING KEY. ╘HE DEFAULT STARTING POSITION IS 1 (THE BEGINNING OF THE LINE). ┴ ╘┴┬ CHARACTER WILL BE INTERPRETED AS ANY OTHER CHARACTER. ╔F MULTIPLE FILES ARE SPECIFIED, THEY WILL ALL BE MERGED TOGETHER AND THEN SORTED AS A GROUP. ╙ORTED OUTPUT GOES TO STDOUT. ╔F THE PROGRAM DIES IN THE MIDDLE OF ITS OPERATION (EG. OUT OF MEMORY), ALL FILES OWNED BY THE PROGRAM (PROCESS) WILL BE CLOSED AND ALL MEMORY ALLOCATED TO THE PROGRAM WILL BE RECLAIMED. ╘HIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR ALL OTHER EXTERNAL PROGRAMS, SINCE THIS IS IMPLEMENTED IN THE KERNEL. -------- WRAP FILE ... ╘HIS IS LIKE THE CAT COMMAND, EXCEPT THAT LINES LONGER THAN 75 CHARACTERS WILL BE WORD-WRAPPED INTO MULTIPLE LINES. -------- DATE ─ISPLAY THE CURRENT DATE. ╘HE FORMAT IS: "┘┘┘┘/══/──-╚╚:══:╙╙.╘", IN 24-HOUR TIME FORMAT. ╘HIS COMMAND WILL BE EXTENDED TO DISPLAY IN "HUMAN MODE" (EG. "╘UE-13-╩UL-1993 05:49:53 PM") AND TO ALLOW YOU TO SET THE DATE. ├URRENTLY, THE DATE WILL ONLY BE SET WHEN THE SYSTEM STARTS UP. -------- FORTY ╙WITCH TO THE 40-COLUMN (╓╔├) SCREEN ON THE 128. ╘HIS ALSO SWITCHES THE PROCESSOR INTO SLOW MODE. -------- EIGHTY ╙WITCH TO THE 80-COLUMN (╓─├) SCREEN ON THE 128. ╘HIS ALSO SWITCHES THE PROCESSOR INTO FAST MODE. ╘HIS COMMAND WILL ALSO BE USED TO SWITCH TO THE SOFT 80-COL SCREEN OF THE 64 WHEN THAT FEATURE IS IMPLEMENTED. -------- READ FILE ... ╞ILE READER. ╒SEFUL ONLY FOR TESTING HOW LONG IT TAKES TO READ A FILE. ╬O OUTPUT IS GENERATED. -------- MEM ─ISPLAY BYTES OF DYNAMICALLY ALLOCATED MEMORY THAT ARE STILL FREE. ┴LSO DISPLAYS A MAP OF THE PAGES ALLOCATED ON THE MOST RECENTLY USED BANK AND THE PROCESS NUMBER OF THE MEM PROGRAM. -------- AS [-HELP] [-S] [-D] [FILE ...] ╘HIS IS NO LONGER A DEMO PROGRAM; IT IS A WORKING ONE-PASS ASSEMBLER. ╘HE DOCUMENATION NO LONGER FITS NEATLY HERE, SO ╔ HAVE CREATED A SEPARATE DOCUMENTATION FILE FOR THE ASSEMBLER. ╨LEASE REFER TO "ACE╬╬-AS.DOC" FOR MORE DETAILS. -------- VI [FILE ...] ─┼═╧ OF ┌┼─: DISPLAYS THE MAIN SCREEN, READS THE NAMED FILE INTO MEMORY, AND PRINTS IT, SOFT-WRAPPED TO THE SCREEN LENGTH, TO STDOUT. ╔T IS CALLED "VI" HERE (TO USE A GROTESQUE MISNOMER) TO AVOID NAME CONFLICTS SINCE YOU MAY ALREADY HAVE A FILE NAMED "ZED" IN YOUR ┴├┼ DIRECTORY (LIKE ╔ DO). ╘HE NEW ┴├┼-┌ED WILL HAVE MORE FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES THAN THE ORIGINAL ┌ED-128 PROGRAM, INCLUDING AUTO-WRAP LINES, UNLIMITED LINE LENGTH, HORIZONTAL SCROLLING TO 240 CHARACTERS, CHARACTER-ORIENTED COMMANDS RATHER THAN LINE-ORIENTED, AND MULTIPLE FILE BUFFERS WITH SPLIT-SCREEN DISPLY. ╨LUS, IT WILL ALSO WORK ON THE 40-COL SCREEN OF THE 128 AND ON THE ├-64. ╧R ACTUALLY, ╔ AM NOW LEANING MORE TOWARD HAVING IT BE LINE-ORIENTED LIKE THE ORIGINAL ┴├┼. ╘HIS MAKES IMPLEMENTATION MUCH EASIER. ╔ OUGHT TO BE ABLE TO DO A WHOLESALE IMPORATATION OF THE ORIGINAL ┌ED FROM ITS BINARY MACHINE-LANGUAGE FORMAT. -------- HELLO ╘HIS IS JUST A DIPPY LITTLE PROGRAM THAT PRINTS OUT A "HELLO WORLD" MESSAGE. ╔T IS INCLUDED SO PROGRAMMERS MAY EXAMINE IT AND ITS SOURCE FILE TO SEE HOW SIMPLE ┴├┼ PROGRAMS ARE ORGANIZED. -------- WINDOW [COLUMNS [ROWS [START├OLUMN [START╥OW]]]] ╙ETS THE WINDOW SIZE. ╔F NO ARGUMENTS ARE GIVE, IT WILL REPORT THE CURRENT WINDOW DIMENSIONS. ╔F ONE OR MORE ARGUMENTS ARE GIVEN, THEY WILL BE USED AS WINDOW ARGUMENTS AS ABOVE. ═ISSING ARGUMENTS WILL BE TAKEN FROM THE CURRENT WINDOW'S SETTINGS. ╙CREEN COORDINATES START AT COLUMN 0 OF ROW 0 AND GO TO THE FULL SIZE OF THE SCREEN. ┘OU WILL GET AN ERROR MESSAGE IF YOU TRY TO SET UP AN ILLEGALLY SIZED WINDOW AND THE CURRENT WINDOW WILL REMAIN UNCHANGED. ┴FTER SUCCESSFULLY SETTING A WINDOW, IT WILL BE FILLED WITH A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN TO INDICATE THE SIZE OF THE WINDOW. ╩UST CLEAR THE SCREEN TO GET RID OF THIS. -------- MORE FILE ... ╞ULL-SCREEN FILE VIEWER. ┴T THE PROMPT, PRESS ╙╨┴├┼ TO VIEW THE NEXT SCREENFUL OF A FILE, ╥┼╘╒╥╬ OR CURSOR-─╧╫╬ TO VIEW THE NEXT LINE, ╬ TO GO ONTO THE NEXT FILE TO BE VIEWED, OR ╙╘╧╨ OR ╤ TO EXIT THE VIEWER. ╞UTURE EXPANSION POSSIBILITIES INCLUDE A "GO BACK" COMMAND AND AN ┴╙├╔╔-TRANSLATION MODE. -------- UNKAR FILE ... ╦┴╥ (╦EVIN'S ┴╥CHIVER) DEARCHIVER, INTENDED TO BE USED FOR EXTRACTING THE ┴├┼ SOURCE CODE, ALTHOUGH YOU MAY FIND THIS ARCHIVER FORMAT USEFUL FOR YOUR OWN PURPOSES. -------- KAR [-HELP] FILE ... ╦┴╥ ARCHIVER. ╘HIS MAY BE USED TO ENCODE ANY TEXT FILES INTO A SINGLE ╦┴╥ ARCHIVE. ╧NLY TEXT FILES MAY BE ARCHIVED, AND THE RESULTING ARCHIVE IS ALSO A TEXT FILE, SO YOU CAN LOOK AT IT, MAIL IT, ETC. ┴LL OF THE NAMED FILES ARE INCLUDED AND OUTPUT GOES TO STDOUT, WHICH YOU WILL LIKELY WANT TO REDIRECT. -------- VBM [-HELP] FILE ... ╘HIS IS A PORTED VERSION OF A PROGRAM (╓┬═ ┬ITMAP ╓IEWER VERSION 1.10) THAT WAS RELEASED EARLIER AS A STAND-ALONE PROGRAM. ╘HE PORTED VERSION HAS ALL THE BENEFITS OF ALL ┴├┼ PROGRAMS: IT WILL RUN ON EITHER THE 128 OR 64 AND YOU CAN CONVENIENTLY SPECIFY THE FILES YOU WANT TO USE THE PROGRAM WITH. ┘OU WILL WANT TO GET THE IMAGE FILES AND THE ├-LANGUAGE XBM-TO-VBM CONVERTER THAT WERE BUNDLED WITH THE ORIGINAL PROGRAM. ╘HIS PROGRAM REQUIRED SOME KERNEL IMPROVEMENTS, INCLUDING ADDING BASIC SUPPORT FOR 320*200 MONOCHROME GRAPHICS ON THE 64 AND 640*200 AND 640*491 (╬╘╙├-64╦ ONLY) USING THE ╓─├ DISPLAY OF THE 128. ╬OTE THAT THE 320*200 AND 640*491 DISPLAYS HAVE A PIXEL ASPECT OF 1-TO-1 AND THE 640*200 DISPLAY HAS A PIXEL ASPECT RATIO OF 2-TO-1. ╙INCE IMAGES ARE NORMALLY ENCODED WITH A 1-TO-1 ASPECT RATIO, IMAGES WILL LOOK TWICE AS TALL AS THEY SHOULD ON THE 640*200 DISPLAY. ╘HE VBM PROGRAM DOESN'T ATTEMPT TO CORRECT THE ASPECT OF IMAGES (YET). ╫HEN YOU START THE "VBM" PROGRAM WITH IMAGE FILES SPECIFIED, IT WILL DISPLAY THE IMAGE AND THEN WAIT FOR YOU TO PRESS A KEY. ╨RESSING "╤" WILL EXIT FROM THE PROGRAM. ╨RESSING ANY OF THE CURSOR KEYS WILL SCROLL THE IMAGE A QUARTER-SCREEN IN THE DIRECTION YOU PRESS. ╨RESSING THE ╚╧═┼ KEY WILL RETURN YOU TO THE "HOME" POSITION OF THE IMAGE. ╨RESSING THE ╙╨┴├┼ ┬┴╥ OR ╥┼╘╒╥╬ KEY WILL CAUSE THE NEXT IMAGE IN THE "SLIDE SHOW" TO BE VIEWED. ┴FTER THE LAST IMAGE, THE VIEWER WILL EXIT. ╧H, WHILE DISPLAYING THE CURRENT IMAGE, THE PROGRAM WILL "PEEK" AT THE KEYBOARD BUFFER AND IF YOU HAVE TYPED ANY KEY, IT WILL STOP DISPLAYING THE IMAGE AND INTERPRET THE KEY. ╘HIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO POSITION OR SELECT AN IMAGE QUICKLY. ╘HE ".VBM" CUSTOM IMAGE FORMAT IS BASICALLY A BINARY REPRESENTATION OF THE ".XBM" FORMAT FOR ╪-WINDOWS BITMAPS, WHERE ".XBM" GIVES ITS DATA IN ├-CODE FORMAT. ╘HE "BM.C" FILE FROM THE STAND-ALONE RELEASE IS A ├ PROGRAM THAT WILL CONVERT A FILE FROM ".XBM" FORMAT TO ".VBM" FORMAT. ╙O, ALL YOU NEED TO VIEW ANY ARBITRARY ╟╔╞ OR ╩╨┼╟ FILE ON YOUR 128 IS A PROGRAM LIKE ╒NIX'S "XV" TO CONVERT THE IMAGE INTO ".XBM" FORMAT, AND THEN CONVERT THAT INTO ".BM" FORMAT. ╘HE ┴├┼ VIEWER WILL LET YOU SCROLL AROUND IN IMAGES LARGER THAN 640X491 (ET AL), SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO CUT THE SIZE OF LARGER IMAGES. ╘HE MAXIMUM IMAGE SIZE THAT "VBM" WILL NOW HANDLE IS 2040X65535. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. ╠┴╘┼╥, ─╒─┼ ╘O-─O ╠IST: - ╟ET THE ┴├┼ VERSION OF ┌ED GOING. - ╥E-ORGANIZE THE ╥┴═0 MEMORY TO MAKE MORE FREE FOR APPLICATIONS. - ╞IX UP THE SHELL-SCRIPT FEATURES OF THE COMMAND SHELL, AUTOEXEC FEATURE. - ┴LLOW OPTIONAL "PERMANENT" RAMDISK DATA WITH SPECIALLY RESERVED ╥┼╒ AND EXPANDED-INTERNAL MEMORY AND ╥┴═╠INK PARTITION. - ┴DD A SWIFT╠INK DEVICE DRIVER, AND MAKE IT EASIER TO ADD DEVICE DRIVERS. - ═AKE A MINIMAL TERMINAL-EMULATION PROGRAM. - ═AKE A DEDICATED MODEM-BUFFER PROGRAM FOR A SECOND-NETWORKED ├128. - ┴DD HIERARCHICAL DIRECTORIES TO THE RAMDISK AND COMPLETE ITS IMPLEMENTATION. - ┴DD WINDOWING TO THE SOFT-80 SCREEN. - ├OMPLETE THE PRESCROLLING FEATURE. - ╔NCORPORATE LIMITED 128-MODE BURST SUPPORT & ADAPT ╠ITTLE ╥ED ╥EADER FOR ┴├┼. - ╘RIM DOWN THE KERNEL SIZE. ╔T HAS ACQUIRED A BIT OF "SOFTWARE BLOAT". ╘HIS SYSTEM IS ╨UBLIC ─OMAIN ╙OFTWARE. ╔T IS NOT REQUIRED, BUT IT WOULD BE APPRECIATED IF PEOPLE WHO USE THIS SOFTWARE REGULARLY WOULD SEND A POSTCARD FEATURING A PICTURE OF SOME LOCAL ATTRACTION/SCENE TO THE FOLLOWING SNAIL-MAIL ADDRESS. ┘OU ONLY HAVE TO DO THIS ONCE. ┘OU CAN SEND ME MONEY TOO, IF YOU WANT, BUT THIS IS STRICTLY OPTIONAL. ═Y NEW SEMI-PERMANENT ADDRESS IS: ├RAIG ┬RUCE 4-249 ├EDARBRAE ┴VE. ╫ATERLOO, ╧NTARIO ├ANADA, ╬2╠ 4╙8 ╔F YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, OR BUG REPORTS, YOU CAN CONTACT ME AT THE FOLLOWING E-MAIL ADDRESS. ╦EEP ON ╚ACKIN'! -├RAIG ┬RUCE CSBRUCE@CCNGA.UWATERLOO.CA "┼VERYTHING FROM ┴├┼ TO ┌┼─!" ------------------------------------------------------------------------┼╬─---