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╠╧╟╧ 128 V4.0 FOR THE ├OMMODORE 128
-----------------------------------
(├)╧╨┘╥╔╟╚╘ 1988 BY ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╔ HAVE RELEASED THIS PROGRAM AND VERSIONS UNDER IT INTO THE ╨UBLIC
─OMAIN. ╔T IS ILLEGAL TO SELL THIS PROGRAM FOR COMMERCIAL PROFIT,
THOUGH ON-LINE SERVICES AND USER GROUPS MAY CHARGE MINIMAL COPYING
FEES. ╔F YOU INTEND TO SELL THIS PROGRAM THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OTHER THAN
ABOVE, PLEASE CONTACT ME: ╩IM ─ERRY, 4546 ═EADOWLAWN, ╨ORT ╚URON,
═ICHIGAN 48060
╔ ASK THAT YOU DO NOT ALTER THESE DOCUMENTATIONS AND DISTRIBUTE THEM
IN THEIR ALTERED FORMAT. ╔F YOU EDIT THESE, PLEASE KEEP AN ORIGINAL
FOR DISTRIBUTION PURPOSES.
┴S FAR AS ╔ AM ABLE TO TELL, THERE ARE NO BUGS IN THIS PROGRAM. ╔F
YOU ENCOUNTER ANY, PLEASE MAKE ME AWARE OF THEM. ╘HERE ╔╙ A PROBLEM
THAT MAY OCCUR... YOU MIGHT GET AN ╧╒╘ ╧╞ ═┼═╧╥┘ ┼╥╥╧╥ IF THE ╨AGE ╧NE
╙YSTEM ╙TACK OVERFLOWS. ╘O ME THIS HAS NEVER HAPPENED, BUT IF IT SHOULD
OCCUR, JUST TAP ╙╘╧╨/╥┼╙╘╧╥┼ AND TYPE ╥╒╬ AGAIN. ╔F YOU SAVE YOUR WORK
PERIODICALLY, THIS SHOULD HAVE NO DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON YOU.
╔ HAVE PUT A LOT OF TIME INTO THIS PROGRAM, SO COMMENTS ARE
APPRECIATED! ╨LEASE SEND ┼-═AIL TO "╩IM ─ERRY" ON ╤-LINK, OR ╨-═AIL
(PAPER MAIL) TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╔╔- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╔╬╘╥╧─╒├╘╔╧╬
------------
╘HIS LANGUAGE IS CALLED ╠╧╟╧. ╔T IS GRAPHIC ORIENTED AND VERY
GEOMETRICAL. ╔T IS EDUCATIONAL AND YOU CAN HAVE HOURS OF FUN JUST
DRAWING PICTURES. ╘HIS PROGRAM EMULATES SOME OF THE POPULAR ╠╧╟╧
PROGRAMS, HOWEVER IT IS NOT A FULL FLEDGED VERSION, BUT IT IS ENOUGH
FOR ANY BEGINNER TO START WITH.
╘HOUGH ╠╧╟╧ IS INTENDED FOR FIRST TIME COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS, IT CAN
BE USED AND ENJOYED BY EVERYBODY, EVEN THE EXPERIENCED!
╔F YOU ARE AN EXPERIENCE PROGRAMMER, YOU WILL FIND THAT ╠╧╟╧ 128 IS
VERY EASY TO ALTER.
╠╧╟╧ SUPPORTS THE MULTI-COLOR BIT-MAPPED GRAPHICS MODE, SEVEN
SPRITES, SIXTEEN COLORS, FIFTY-SIX COMMANDS AND FIVE KEYSTROKES, AN
EDITOR, UP TO TEN ╠╧╟╧ ROUTINES WITH 50 LINES EACH AND MULTIPLE
STATEMENTS ON A LINE, ONE VARIABLE (THOUGH THERE ARE NO FUNCTIONS SUCH
AS ADD, MULTIPLY, ETC.), AND A LIMITED DISK OPERATING SYSTEM.
╔T MAY APPEAR THAT THIS IS A WEAK PROGRAM BECAUSE OF ONLY ONE
VARIABLE AND NO ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS. ╞OR MOST BASIC FUNCTIONS, THIS
IS OKAY. ╧NLY WHEN YOU PROGRAM FRACTALS AND OTHER SUCH ADVANCED THINGS
ARE VARIABLES A NECESSITY.
╠╧╟╧ IS WRITTEN IN ┬┴╙╔├ SO IT IS ╓┼╥┘ EASY TO EDIT, IF YOU KNOW HOW.
╔F YOU HAVE A 128. ╙INCE ITS IN ┬┴╙╔├, JUST ─╠╧┴─"LOGO 128 V4.0" AND
╥╒╬, OR ╥╒╬"LOGO 128 V4.0". ┘OU MUST BE IN 40 COLUMN MODE. ╘HE TITLE
SCEEN WILL BE DRAWN, USING ACTUAL ╠╧╟╧ COMMANDS (STORED IN ─┴╘┴
STATEMENTS). ╨RESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬ WHENEVER YOU WISH TO BYPASS THE TITLE SCREEN.
╫HEN READING THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ╠╧╟╧ COMMANDS, KEEP IN MIND SOME
OF THE FOLLOWING:
╘╒╥╘╠┼: THE TRIANGULAR OR ARROW-HEAD SHAPED OBJECT THAT IS THE DRAWING
CURSOR.
╥╧╒╘╔╬┼: A ╠╧╟╧ PROGRAM WRITTEN WITH THE EDITOR.
╚╧═┼ ╨╧╙╔╘╔╧╬: THE TURTLE'S HOME POSITION IS AT THE CENTER OF THE
SCREEN FACING TOWARDS THE TOP (ZERO DEGREES). ╘HE TEXT SCREEN'S HOME
POSITION IS THE UPPER LEFT HAND CORNER OF THE SCREEN.
╙╘╥╔╬╟╙: A GROUP OF PRINTABLE CHARACTERS.
╘HESE SHOULD ╬┼╓┼╥ GET QUOTES AS YOU WOULD IN ┬┴╙╔├. ╔F YOU ATTEMPT
TO SAVE A FILE WITH QUOTES IN THE NAME, YOU WILL SCREW UP THE DIRECTORY
MOST OF THE TIME.
┘OU CAN USE QUOTES IN ╫╥╔╘┼ STATEMENTS IF YOU WANT QUOTES ON THE
SCREEN.
┴NY TIME YOU USE THE BACKARROW CHARACTER ABOVE THE ├╧╬╘╥╧╠ KEY, IT
WILL BE CONVERTED INTO A SPACE.
╞╔╠┼╬┴═┼╙: THE LABEL YOU GIVE TO REPRESENT A PICTURE OR A PROGRAM.
┴LL DISK FILENAMES ARE RESTRICTED TO TWELVE CHARACTERS (ANY TIME YOU
CATALOG THE DISK, THERE WILL BE A PREFIX BEFORE THE FILENAME TELLING
YOU WHAT TYPE OF FILE IT IS. ─O ╬╧╘ INCLUDE THE PREFIX IN ANY FILE
NAMES.
├╧══┴╬─╙: INSTRUCTIONS YOU GIVE THE TURTLE TO CARRY OUT.
╫HEN USING A ╠╧╟╧ COMMAND, THE TURTLE IS ALWAYS WHERE IT WAS LEFT
FROM THE PREVIOUS COMMAND.
╔F YOU INSERT SPACES BEFORE A COMMAND, THAT COMMAND WILL ╬╧╘ EXECUTE!
╫ITH SEVERAL HOURS OF STUDY, YOU MAY BE ABLE TO DETERMINE THE PROGRAM
STRUCTURE AND WRITE YOUR OWN ╠╧╟╧ COMMANDS. ╔F YOU DO MAKE CHANGES, BE
SURE TO KEEP AN ORIGINAL COPY OF ╠╧╟╧.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╔╔╔- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╠╧╟╧ ├╧══┴╬─╙
-------------
├OMMANDS ARE IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. ┴LL OPTIONAL PARAMETERS ARE
ENCLOSED IN BRACES, IN A NESTED OR UN-NESTED FORMAT (FOR EXAMPLE, THE
┴╥├ COMMAND HAS THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: ╥┴─╔╒╙ [╙╘┴╥╘ [┼╬─]]. ╥┴─╔╒╙
IS REQUIRED, ╙╘┴╥╘ IS OPTIONAL, AND ┼╬─ IS OPTIONAL, BUT IF YOU USE
┼╬─, YOU MUST USE ╙╘┴╥╘ BECAUSE ┼╬─ IS NESTED WITHIN THE ╙╘┴╥╘. ╧N THE
OTHER HAND, THE ┬╧╪ COMMAND HAS THE PARAMETERS ╪ ┘ [┴╬╟╠┼] [╞]. ┴S YOU
CAN SEE, ╪ AND ┘ ARE REQUIRED, WHILE ┴╬╟╠┼ AND ╞ ARE OPTIONAL, BUT
SINCE ╞ IS NOT NESTED WITHIN ┴╬╟╠┼, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE ┴╬╟╠┼ TO
USE ╞.
╬O COMMAS OR OTHER PUNCTUATION SHOULD BE TYPED BETWEEN PARAMETERS.
┴LL COMMANDS USE THE CURRENT COLOR SOURCE TO DRAW WITH.
═ULTIPLE COMMANDS ON ONE LINE CAN BE USED BY SEPARATING COMMANDS WITH
A SEMICOLON (;). ╘HE COMMAND IMMEDIATLY FOLLOWING THE SEMICOLON MUST BE
FLUSH AGAINST IT, I.E., DON'T TYPE A SPACE AFTER THE SEMICOLON.
┴╬╔═┴╘┼ SPRITENUMBER DIRECTION SPEED - ┴NIMATE SLIDES THE DESIGNATED
SPRITE ACROSS THE SCREEN. ╙PRITENUMBER SHOULD BE BETWEEN ONE AND SEVEN,
DIRECTION BETWEEN ZERO AND 360, AND SPEED BETWEEN ZERO AND FIFTEEN.
┴╥├ RADIUS [START [END]] - ┴RC IS USED TO DRAW AN ARC OR A CIRCLE. ╘HE
ARC WILL BE DRAWN TRULY ROUND ON THE SCREEN. ╥ADIUS SHOULD BE ANY
REASONABLE DISTANCE. ╙TART AND END ANGLES SHOULD BE BETWEEN ZERO AND
360. ╔F THE END ANGLE IS OMITTED THEN THE DEFAULT IS 360. ╔F NEITHER
START NOR END ANGLE IS SUPPLIED, A CIRCLE WILL BE DRAWN.
┬╦ DISTANCE - ┬╦ IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR ┬AC╦. ╘HIS MOVES THE TURTLE
BACKWARD, OR THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION IT IS FACING. ─ISTANCE IS ANY
DISTANCE THAT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO TAKE YOU OUT OF SCREEN BOUNDARIES. ╔F
YOU ATTEMPT TO DO SO, THE LINE WILL BE DRAWN TO THE EDGE OF THE SCREEN
AND AN ERROR MESSAGE WILL RESULT.
┬╧╪ X Y [ANGLE] [╞] - ┬OX WILL DRAW A BOX USING THE TURTLE AS ONE
CORNER AND THE PARAMETERS X AND Y AS THE OPPOSITE CORNER (THESE ARE
╙├╥┼┼╬ COORDINATES, NOT COORDINATES RELATIVE TO THE TURTLE). ╔F YOU
WISH TO ROTATE THE BOX, SUPPLY THE ANGLE PARAMETER WITH THE NUMBER OF
DEGREES ROTATION. ╔F YOU WANT THE BOX SOLID, SUPPLY THE ╞ PARAMETER
WITH AN ╞.
├┴╠╠ ROUTINE - ├ALL CALLS OR RUNS ONE OF THE PROGRAMS IN THE ╠╧╟╧
EDITOR. ╥OUTINE SHOULD BE A NUMBER FROM ZERO TO NINE.
├┴╘┴╠╧╟ - ╘HIS PRINTS TO THE SCREEN A CATALOG OF THE DISK. ╬OTE THAT IS
ONLY SHOWS PROGRAMS FOR ╠╧╟╧. ╔T IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU CREATE A
SEPARATE ╠╧╟╧ WORKDISK.
╘HE PREFIXES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FILENAME ON THE DIRECTORY
INDICATE THE TYPE OF FILE IT IS. ╔╟╬╧╥┼ ╘╚┼═. ╔F YOU KEEP TRACK OF ALL
YOUR FILES, YOU SHOULDN'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE PREFIX, BECAUSE ╠╧╟╧
AUTOMATICALLY ADDS IT.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╔╓- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
├╧╠╧╥ SOURCE COLOR - ├OLOR IS SIMILAR TO THE ┬┴╙╔├ COLOR COMMAND.
╙OURCE IS A NUMBER FROM ZERO TO FIVE. ├OLOR IS A NUMBER FROM ONE
THROUGH SIXTEEN, COORESPONDING TO THE STANDARD SIXTEEN ├OMMODORE
COLORS. ├OLOR SOURCES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
0 BACKGROUD COLOR. ╔N SOME CASES YOU MAY HAVE TO ISSUE ├╙ TO MAKE
THE COLOR CHANGE EFFECTIVE.
1-3 HIRES COLORS ONE THROUGH THREE. ╘HEY DO NOT AFFECT DRAWING UNTIL
A ╙┼╘ COMMAND IS EXECUTED.
4 BORDER COLOR
5 TURTLE COLOR. ╘URTLE COLOR DOES NOT REPRESENT PEN COLOR.
╙INCE ╠╧╟╧ USES THE ├OMMODORE ═ULTI-├OLOR ╟RAPHICS ┬IT ═AP ═ODE, YOU
CAN HAVE UP TO FOUR COLOR SOURCES PER 8X8 PIXEL SQUARE.
├╙ - ├╙ MEANS ├LEAR ╙CREEN. ╔T ERASES ANYTHING ON THE SCREEN AND
RETURNS THE TURTLE TO ╚╧═┼ POSITION.
├╘ - ├╘ MEANS ├LEAR ╘EXT. ╔T ERASES ANY TEXT ON THE TEXT SCREEN AND
PUTS THE CURSOR IN HOME POSITION. ╔F YOU ARE IN SPLIT SCREEN MODE, YOU
WILL HAVE TO PRESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬ SEVERAL TIMES FOR THE CURSOR TO APPEAR IN THE
TEXT WINDOW.
─═╧─┼ SIDES - ╔F YOU ARE USING THE 1571 DRIVE, THIS COMMAND PUTS THE
DISK DRIVE IN EITHER DOUBLE- OR SINGLE-SIDED MODE. ╘HE SIDES PARAMETER
SHOULD BE EITHER A ONE OR A TWO, REPRESENTING THE NUMBER OF SIDES THE
DISK HAS.
╬OTE: IF YOU ARE A 1571 USER, YOU SHOULD BE CAREFUL BEFORE USING THE
╞╧╥═┴╘ COMMAND ON YOUR 1541 FLIPPIES. ╔F YOU ARE IN ─═╧─┼ 2, BOTH SIDES
WILL BE FORMATTED (SEE DRIVE MANUAL). ╔ SUGGEST ISSUING A ─═╧─┼ COMMAND
BEFORE EVERY ╞╧╥═┴╘ COMMAND WITH THE 1571, SINCE MANY 1571 USERS ARE
NOT YET AWARE THE 1571'S DOUBLE-SIDEDNESS.
┼─╔╘ ROUTINE - ┼DIT PUTS YOU IN THE ╠╧╟╧ EDITOR. ╙EE THE COMPLETE
DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF THE ╠╧╟╧ EDITOR AT THE END OF THIS
SECTION.
┼╥┴╠╠ - ┼RALL MEANS ┼╥ASE ┴╠╠. ╔T ERASES ALL TEN ROUTINES IN MEMORY AT
ONE TIME.
┼╥┴╙┼ ROUTINE - ┼RASE IS USED TO ERASE ROUTINES FROM MEMORY
INDIVIDUALLY. ╙UPPLY ROUTINE WITH A NUMBER FROM ZERO TO TEN.
╞┴╙╘ - ╘HIS PUTS THE COMPUTER INTO 2 MEGAHERTZ FAST MODE. ╔T IS USEFULL
FOR RUNNING ╠╧╟╧ PROGRAMS FASTER. ╔T IS ALSO USEFULL FOR BLANKING THE
SCREEN IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO SEE A PICTURE BEING DRAWN, BUT JUST THE
FINISHED PRODUCT.
╞─ DISTANCE - ╞─ MEANS ╞ORWAR─. ╘HIS COMMAND MOVES THE TURTLE THE
DIRECTION IT IS FACING A CERTAIN NUMBER OF STEPS. ─ISTANCE IS THE
NUMBER OF STEPS YOU WISH THE TURTLE TO MOVE.
┬ECAUSE THE SCREEN IS NOT PERFECTLY SQUARE, GOING FORWARD (OR
BACKWARD) TEN STEPS AT 90 DEGREES WILL RESULT IN A LONGER LINE THAN
GOING FORWARD TEN STEPS AT ZERO DEGREES (ZERO DEGREES IS THE TOP OF THE
SCREEN). ╔F YOU ATTEMPT TO GO TOO FAR, AN ERROR MESSAGE WILL RESULT AND
THE LINE WILL BE DRAWN TO THE SCREEN EDGE.
╞╔╠╠ - ╞╔╠╠ PAINTS ANY ENCLOSED AREA. ┬E SURE THE AREA IS ENCLOSED
OTHERWISE THE PAINT WILL "SPILL" ALL OVER THE SCREEN. ╔F THIS SHOULD
HAPPEN, PRESS ╙╘╧╨ AND THE FILLING WILL HALT. ┘OU WILL BE BACK IN ╠╧╟╧
COMMAND MODE.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╓- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╞╧╥═┴╘ - ╘HIS COMMAND IS USED TO PREPARE A NEW OR USED DISK FOR USE
WITH A ├OMMODORE DRIVE. ╔T WILL BE FORMATTED ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT
DRIVE MODE (SEE ─═╧─┼.). ─O NOT SPECIFY A DISK NAME OR ╔─.
╞╙ - ╘HIS COMMAND MEANS ╞ULL ╙CREEN. ╔T GETS RID OF THE TEXT WINDOW SO
YOU CAN SEE THE WHOLE GRAPHIC SCREEN. ┴NYTHING YOU TYPE WILL BE
ACCEPTED, BUT THE TEXT WILL NOT BE VISIBLE.
╚╧═┼ - ╘HIS COMMAND MOVES THE TURTLE TO IT'S HOME POSITION WHILE
LEAVING THE REST OF THE SCREEN ALONE.
╚╘ - ╘HIS COMMAD MEANS ╚IDE ╘URTLE. ╔T MAKES THE TURTLE INVISIBLE SO
YOU CAN SEE THE PICTURE WITHOUT THE TURTLE IN THE WAY, OF IF YOU DO NOT
WISH TO SEE THE TURTLE ON THE TEXT SCREEN.
╠╧┴─ ROUTINE# NAME - ╠╧┴─ LOADS PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN ROUTINES FROM DISK.
╙INCE ╠╧┴─ ONLY HANDLES ONE ROUTINE AT A TIME, YOU MUST SPECIFY WHICH
ONE. ╥OUTINE# IS THE ROUTINE NUMBER YOU WISH TO LOAD THE PROGRAM INTO.
╔T CAN BE ANY NUMBER FROM ZERO THROUGH NINE. ╔T DOES NOT MATTER WHAT
ROUTINE IT WAS SAVED FROM, IT CAN BE LOADED INTO ANY ONE. ╘HE CURRENT
CONTENTS OF THAT ROUTINE WILL BE REPLACED, HOWEVER. ╘HE NAME PARAMETER
IS THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM YOU SAVED, SUCH AS ╚╧╒╙┼ OR ─╧╟.
╠╧┴─╨╔├ NAME - ╠OADPIC LOADS A SCREEN CALLED NAME SAVED WITH ╙┴╓┼╨╔├.
╔T REPLACES THE CURRENT SCREEN CONTENTS.
╠╧┴─╙╨╥╔╘┼ SPRITE# NAME - ╠OADSPRITE LOADS A SINGLE SPRITE INTO MEMORY
AS SPRITE NUMBER SPRITE#. ╘HE NAME IS THE NAME YOU USED WHEN SAVING THE
SPRITE WITH ╙┴╓┼╙╨╥╔╘┼. ┘OU CAN LOAD A SPRITE TO ANY SPRITE POSITION
REGUARDLESS OF WHERE IT WAS SAVED. ╙PRITE# CAN BE ANY NUMBER FROM ONE
TO SEVEN, AND NAME CAN BE ANY LEGAL ╠╧╟╧ NAME.
╠╘ DEGREES - ╘HIS COMMAND ROTATES THE TURTLE THE NUMBER OF DEGREES
SPECIFIED IN DEGREES. ╘HIS PARAMETER CAN BE A NUMBER FOM ZERO TO 360.
╠╧╟╧ DRAWS IN ALL 360 DIRECTIONS, BUT THE TURTLE SHOWS ONLY EIGHT
APPROXIMATE DIRECTIONS. ╘HIS IS NORMAL.
╘HE ╠╘ COMMAND USES RELATIVE COORDINATES TO SPECIFY DEGREE MOVEMENT
(SEE ╙┼╘╚┼┴─╔╬╟ FOR INFORMATION ON RELATIVE COORDINATES).
╨─ - ╨─ MEANS ╨EN ─OWN. ╘HIS ALLOWS THE TURTLE TO DRAW.
╨┼ - ╨┼ MEANS ╨EN ┼RASE. ┴NY DRAWING COMMADS USED WHILE ╨┼ IS IN EFFECT
WILL RESULT IN THE SHAPE BEING DRAWN IN THE BACKGROUND COLOR (ERASED).
╔T IS CANCELLED BY ╨─ OR ╨╒.
┴╬╔═┴╘┼ SPRITENUMBER DIRECTION SPEED - ┴NIMATE SLIDES THE DESIGNATED
SPRITE ACROSS THE SCREEN. ╙PRITENUMBER SHOULD BE BETWEEN ONE AND SEVEN,
DIRECTION BETWEEN ZERO AND 360, AND SPEED BETWEEN ZERO AND 15.
╨╠┴├┼ - ╨LACE ALLOWS YOU TO MOVE THE SEVEN SPRITES AROUND THE SCREEN
WITH THE ARROW KEYS. ╘O USE, FIRST ACTIVATE A SPRITE WITH ╙╨╥╧╬ (SEE
╙╨╥╧╬), THEN TYPE ╨╠┴├┼ AND PRESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬. ╘HE INSTUCTIONS ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
1 THRU 4 ON NUMERIC KEYPAD: SPEED
1 THRU 7 ON ALPHA-NUMERIC KEYPAD: SPRITE NUMBER
ARROW KEYS (AT TOP OF KEYBOARD): MOVES SPRITE IN FOUR DIRECTIONS.
╬OTE: THE ├╥╙╥ KEYS WILL ╬╧╘ WORK.
┴LL VALUES ARE SET TO ZERO THE FIRST TIME YOU USE ╨╠┴├┼ AFTER RUNNIG
╠╧╟╧, SO YOU MUST PRESS A SPEED AND A SPRITE NUMBER.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╓╔- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╨╧╠┘╟╧╬ X Y #SIDES - ╘HIS COMMAD DRAWS A POLYGON WITH ANY NUMBER OF
SIDES. ╪ AND ┘ ARE ╪ AND ┘ RADII, AND #SIDES IS THE NUMBER OF SIDES FOR
THE SHAPE TO HAVE. ╔F YOU USE TOO MNAY SIDES, THE POLYGON WILL LOOK
LIKE A CIRCLE. ╘HIS IS USEFUL FOR DRAWING OVALS.
╨╥╔╬╘ STRING - ╘HIS COMMAD IS SIMILAR TO THE ┬┴╙╔├ PRINT COMMAND. ┘OU
CAN TYPE ALL CHARACTERS EXEPT THE CONTROL CHARACTERS, ESCAPE SEQUENCES,
AND SPECIAL KEYS USED IN THE EDITOR AND DIRECT MODE (SEE LATTER PART OF
THIS ARTCILE). ─O NOT USE QUOTATION MARKS UNLESS YOU WANT THEM TO BE
SHOWN IN THE PRINT STATEMENT. ╘HE STRING IS THE PRINT-STRING YOU WANT
PRINTED.
╨╒ - ╨╒ MEANS ╨EN ╒P. ╘HIS COMMAND LIFTS THE TURTLE'S DRAWING PEN SO IT
CAN MOVE ABOUT THE SCREEN WITHOUT DRAWING LINES OR ERASING THINGS. ╨╒
IS CANCELLED BY ╨─.
╥┼╨┼┴╘ ROUTINE #TIMES - ╘HIS COMMAND IS USED TO REPEAT A ROUTINE A
SPECIFIED NUMBER OF TIMES. ╥OUTINE IS THE ROUTINE NUMBER FROM ZERO TO
NINE YOU WANT REPEATED, AND #TIMES IS THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS YOU
WANT. ╞OR EXAMPLE, ROUTINE NUMBER ZERO MAY BE ╥┼╨┼┴╘ 1 4, AND ROUTINE
ONE MAY BE ╞─ 50 ON ONE LINE FOLLOWED BY ╥╘ 90 ON THE NEXT. ╔F YOU
ISSUE A ├┴╠╠ 0, A SQUARE WILL BE DRAWN (THOUGH IT WILL PROBABLY LOOK
LIKE A RECTANGLE).
╥╘ DEGREES - ╥╘ MEANS ╥IGH╘. ╔T ROTATES THE TURTLE TO THE RIGHT THE
NUMBER OF DEGREES SPECIFIED IN DEGREES. ╠IKE ╠╘, THE VALUE'S RELATIVE.
╙┴╓┼ ROUTINE NAME - ╙AVE SAVES ONE OF THE ROUTINES YOU HAVE CREATED.
╥OUTINE IS THE NUMBER OF THE ROUTINE YOU WISH TO SAVE (ZERO THROUGH
NINE), AND NAME IS THE NAME YOU WISH TO SAVE IT AS. ╔T CAN LATER BE
RELOADED AS ANY ROUTINE NUMBER YOU WANT.
╙┴╓┼╨╔├ NAME - ╘HIS COMMAD SAVES THE CURRENT SCREEN CALLED NAME TO DISK
FOR LATER RECALL.
╙┴╓┼╙╨╥╔╘┼ SPRITE# NAME - ╘HIS COMMAND SAVES A SINGLE SPRITE TO DISK
FOR LATER USE. ╙UPPLY SPRITE# WITH THE NUMBER OF THE SPRITE YOU WISH TO
SAVE (FROM ONE TO SEVEN), AND SUPPLY NAME WITH THE NAME YOU WISH TO
SAVE IT BY. ╔T CAN LATER BE LOADED AS ANY SPRITE NUMBER.
╙┼╘ SOURCE - ╘HIS COMMAND CHOOSES THE COLOR SOURCE THAT YOU WISH TO
DRAW WITH. ╠╧╟╧ CAN PLACE UP TO FOUR COLORS (INCLUDING BACKGROUND) INTO
A SINGLE 8X8 CELL. ╙UPPLY SOURCE WITH A NUMBER FROM ONE TO THREE.
┘OU ARE NOT LIMITED TO THREE COLORS FOR THE WHOLE DRAWING, BUT JUST
THREE AT A TIME. ╘O CHANGE THE COLORS OF ANY COLOR SOURCE, USE THE
├╧╠╧╥ COMMAND.
╙┼╘╚┼┴─╔╬╟ DEGREES - ╘HIS POINTS THE TURTLE IN AN ABSOLUTE DIRECTION
FROM ZERO TO 360. ╠╘ AND ╥╘ USE RELATIVE POSITIONING, WHICH MEANS THAT
IF THE TURTLE HEADING IS 45 DEGREES AND YOU ISSUE A ╠╘ 15, YOU WILL NOT
BE AT 15 DEGREES LEFT, BUT THE TURTLE WILL ROTATE 15 DEGREES LEFT, FOR
A STOPPING POSITITION OF 30 DEGREES. ╚OWEVER, WITH ╙┼╘╚┼┴─╔╬╟, THE
PARAMETER DEGREES IS THE ABSOLUTE DIRECTION YOU WANT TO FACE. ╔F YOU
ARE FACING 45 DEGREES AND ISSUE A ╙┼╘╚┼┴─╔╬╟ 90, YOU WILL THEN BE
POINTING AT 90 DEGREES.
╙╠┼┼╨ TIME - ╘HIS IS IDENTICAL TO THE ┬┴╙╔├ ╙╠┼┼╨ COMAND. ╙UPPLY THE
TIME PARAMETER WITH THE NUMBER OF SECONDS YOU WISH TO PAUSE PROGRAM
EXECUTION.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╓╔╔- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╙╠╧╫ - THIS SLOWS THE COMPUTER BACK DOWN TO 1 MEGAHERTZ MODE. ╘HIS
ENABLES THE SCREEN SO YOU CAN SEE WHAT YOU HAVE DRAWN.
╙╨╥─┼╞ - ╘HIS PUTS YOU IN THE 128'S BUILT IN SPRITE EDITOR (FOR SPRITE
EDITOR INSTUCTIONS, CHECK THE SYSTEM GUIDE THAT CAME WITH THE
COMPUTER). ┘OU SHOULD PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THESE INSTRUCTONS:
╙PRITE ONE IN THE SPRITE EDITOR IS RESERVED FOR THE TURTLE. ─O NOT
ATTEMPT TO EDIT SPRITE NUMBER ONE. ╔NSTEAD, SPRITES TWO THROUGH EIGHT
COORESPOND WITH SPRITES NUMBERED ONE THROUGH SEVEN IN THE ╠╧╟╧ PROGRAM.
╘HIS CAN VERY WELL BE CONFUSING AT FIRST, BUT AFTER A SHORT TIME, YOU
WILL GET USED TO IT. ╔T WAS NECCESARY TO MAKE THE TURTLE SPRITE NUMBER
ONE SO IT WOULD HAVE THE HIGHEST PRIORITY AMONG THE OTHER SPRITES.
┴FTER EXITING THE SPRITE EDITOR, YOU WILL BE IN TEXT SCREEN MODE.
╙╨╥╔╘┼ NUMBER COLOR PRIORITY MULTI - ╘HIS COMMAND IS SIMILAR TO THE
┬┴╙╔├ ╙╨╥╔╘┼ COMMAND. ╬UMBER IS THE SPRITE NUMBER YOU WISH TO DEFINE.
├OLOR IS THE COLOR (ONE THROUGH 16) YOU WISH TO MAKE THE SPRITE,
PRIORITY IS WHETHER OR NOT YOU WANT THE SPRITE IN THE FOREGROUND OR
BACKGROUND (1 OR 2), AND MULTI IS IF YOU WANT THE SPRITE MULTI COLORED
OR NOT (1=MULTI 0=SINGLE).
╘HE SPRITE COMMAND DOES NOT USUALLY TURN ON A SPRITE. ╞OR THAT YOU
SHOULD USE THE ╙╨╥╧╬ COMMAND.
╙╨╥╧╞╞ SPRITE - ╘HIS COMMAND TURNS OFF SPRITE SPRITE. ╙PRITE SHOULD BE
ANY NUMBER FROM ONE TO SEVEN.
╙╨╥╧╬ SPRITE - ╘HIS TURNS ON A SPRITE DEFINED BY THE ╙╨╥╔╘┼ COMMAND,
╙PRITE IS THE SPRITE NUMBER (ONE THROUGH SEVEN).
╙╨╥╪ NUMBER X - ╘HIS MOVES SPRITE NUMBER ALONG THE X (HORIZONTAL) AXIS.
╪ IS THE POSITION ALONG THE X AXIS (CHECK SYSTEM GUIDE FOR POSSIBLE
SPRITE LOCATIONS).
╙╨╥┘ NUMBER Y - ╘HIS COMMAND FUNCTIONS LIKE THE ╙╨╥╪ COMMAND, EXCEPT
THE SPRITE NUMBER WILL BE MOVED ALONG THE Y (VERTICAL) AXIS.
╙╙ - ╙╙ MEANS ╙PLIT ╙CREEN. ╔T ENABLES THE GRAPHICS SCREEN WITH A TEXT
WINDOW AT THE BOTTOM. ╘HIS IS THE NORMAL SCREEN MODE.
╙╘ - ╙╘ MEANS ╙HOW ╘URTLE. ╘HIS MAKES THE TURTLE VISIBLE AGAIN AFTER A
╚╘ STATEMENT. ╔F YOU WISH TO SEE THE TURTLE ON THE TEXT SCREEN, TYPE
╚╘. ╘HIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO SEE THE TURTLE'S ACTIONS (WITHOUT SEEING
WHAT'S BEING DRAWN) ON THE SCREEN AND ANY TEXT YOU MAY WANT TO SEE AT
THE SAME TIME. ╘HE TURTLE IS NEVER VISIBLE ON THE TEXT SCREEN
OTHERWISE.
╙╘┴═╨ SPRITE# X Y - ╘HIS WILL COPY THE SHAPE OF ANY SPRITE IN MEMORY TO
A PERMANANT SHAPE ON THE GRAPHIC SCREEN. ╙PRITE# IS THE SPRITE YOU WISH
TO COPY, AND X AND Y ARE THE X AND Y GRAPHIC SCREEN COORDINATES YOU
WISH TO COPY TO. ╬OTICE THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRAPHIC AND
SPRITE COORDINATES (SEE SYSTEM GUIDE). ╧NLY MULTI COLORED SPRITES WILL
TRANFER CORRECTLY. ╙INGLE COLOR SPRITES WILL APPEAR AS GARBAGE.
╘╧╧╘ PLAY$ - ╘OOT IS EQUIVILENT TO ┬┴╙╔├'S ╨╠┴┘ COMMAND. ╨LAY$ IS ANY
LEGAL ├OMMODORE MUSIC STRING. ├HECK THE SYSTEM GUIDE FOR MUSIC
INSTRUCTIONS.
╘╙ - ╘HIS ENABLES THE ALL TEXT SCREEN (SEE ╞╙ AND ╙╙).
╫┴╔╘ - ╘HIS COMMAND HALTS ROUTINE EXECUTION UNTIL ANY KEY IS PRESSED.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╓╔╔╔- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╫╔╬─╧╫ LINE - ╘HIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE SPLIT SCREEN MODES WITH
DIFFERENT SIZED TEXT WINDOWS. ╠INE CAN BE A NUMBER FROM 0 TO 25. ┌ERO
RESULTS IN ALL TEXT, AND 25 RESULTS IN A FULL SCREEN GRAPHIC MODE.
╫╥╔╘┼ X Y STRING - ╘HIS COMMAND IS USED TO PLACE TEXT ON THE HI-RES
SCREEN. ╔T IS ALMOST EQUIVILENT TO THE ┬┴╙╔├ ├╚┴╥ COMMAND. ╪ AND Y ARE
THE X AND Y COORDINATES WHERE STRING WILL BE PRINTED. ╘HE STRING CAN BE
ANY ╠╧╟╧ STRING.
╘EXT WILL BE WRITTEN WITH THE CURRENT COLOR SOURCE.
╪╨╧╙ X - ╘HIS CHANGES THE TURTLE'S X POSITION. ╙UPPLY X WITH THE X
COORDINATE YOU WISH TO MOVE THE TURTLE TO. ╘HE TURTLE WILL DRAW OR
ERASE IF A ╨╒ IS NOT ISSUED.
┘╨╧╙ Y - ╘HIS CHANGES THE TURTLE'S Y POSITION. ╙UPPLY Y WITH THE Y
COORDINATE YOU WISH TO MOVE THE TURTLE TO. ╘HE TURTLE WILL DRAW OR
ERASE IF A ╨╒ IS NOT ISSUED.
???= VALUE - THIS COMMAND IS USED TO DEFINE ╠╧╟╧'S SINGLE VARIABLE.
╓ALUE CAN ONLY BE A NUMBER FROM ZERO TO 360. ┬E SURE TO KEEP VALUE
FLUSH AGAINST THE EQUALS SIGN. ╘HOUGH THE LACK OF MATHEMATICAL OPERANDS
MAY MAKE THE COMMAND SEEM WEEK, IT CAN BE MADE STRONG IF UTILIZED
CORREECTLY. ╧NE POSSIBLE USE MIGHT BE FOR SCALING.
╘O USE THE VARIABLE WITH COMMANDS, SIMPLY SUBSTITUTE THREE QUESTION
MARKS (???) WHERE YOU WOULD ORDINARILY SUPPLY A NUMBER. ═ANY COMMANDS
THAT EXPECT A ONE CHARACTER DIGIT WILL NOT WORK CORRECTLY WITH THE
VARIABLE (SUCH AS THE ROUTINE NUMBER IN THE ╙┴╓┼ COMMAND).
┬E SURE TO KEEP AWARE THAT THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS CANNOT BE FOLLOWED BY
OTHER COMMANDS ON THE SAME LINE, ALTHOUGH THEY CAN BE PRECEEDED: ┼─╔╘;
╞╧╥═┴╘; ╠╧┴─; ╠╧┴─╨╔├; ╠╧┴─╙╨╥╔╘┼; ╨╥╔╬╘; ╙┴╓┼; ╙┴╓┼╨╔├; ╙┴╓┼╙╨╥╔╘┼;
╙╨╥─┼╞; AND ╫╥╔╘┼.
╦┼┘╨╥┼╙╙┼╙
----------
╘HESE ARE AVAILABLE IN THE ╠╧╟╧ DIRECT MODE.
├= MEANS THE COMMODORE LOGO KEY.
├= ╘ - TEXT SCREEN. ╘HIS PERFOMS A ╘╙ COMMAND.
├= ╙ - SPLIT SCREEN. ╘HIS PERFORMS A ╙╙ COMMAND.
├= ╞ - FULL SCREEN. ╘HIS PERFORMS A ╞╙ COMMAND.
├= ╔ - INVISIBLE. ╘HIS PERFORMS A ╚╘ COMMAN.D
├= ╓ - VISIBLE. ╘HIS PERFORMS A ╙╘ COMMAND.
╙╘╧╨ - ╘HIS BREAKS YOU OUT OF A RUNNING ROUTINE.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╔╪- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╒╙╔╬╟ ╘╚┼ ╠╧╟╧ ┼─╔╘╧╥
---------------------
╘HE EDITOR IS USED TO CREATE PROGRAMS USING THE ╠╧╟╧ COMMANDS. ╘O
ENTER THE ╠╧╟╧ EDITOR, SIMPLY TYPE ┼─╔╘ FOLLOWED BY THE ROUTINE NUMBER
FROM ZERO TO NINE.
╫HEN YOU ENTER THE EDITOR, YOU WILL SEE INFORMATION LINES FOR ROUTINE
NUMBER AND CURRENT LINE NUMBER. ╘HE DISPLAY SHOULD LOOK SIMILAR TO
THIS:
╘HE MESSAGE ROUTINE REFERS THE THE ╠╧╟╧ PROGRAM NUMBER THAT YOU
ENTERED WITH THE EDIT COMMAND. ╘HE MESSAGE LINE REFERS TO THE REAL LINE
THAT THE CURSOR IS CURRENTLY ON (ZERO TO 50; YOU HAVE A TOTAL OF 51
LINES TO WORK WITH, BUT LINE 50 IS MANDATORILY "┼╬─"). ╔N ADDITION,
THERE SHOULD BE A WHITE DIAGNOL SHAPED ARROW AS A CURSOR, AND 18
BACKARROW CHARACTERS DOWN BOTH SIDES OF THE SCREEN. ╘HE ARROWS SHOW THE
18 SCREEN LINES YOU HAVE TO WORK WITH.
╙INCE YOU ARE ABLE TO USE UP TO 51 LINES, THE WORK SCREEN SCROLLS IN
EITHER DIRECTION THE SAME WAY A SCREEN ON A WORDPROCESSOR SCROLLS.
┘OU CAN TYPE USING ALMOST ALL OF THE ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS, EXCEPT
FOR THE KEYS MENTIONED BELOW. ╦EEP TEXT FLUSH AGAINST THE LEFT MARGAIN.
╘HE EDITOR, BEING WRITTEN IN ┬┴╙╔├, MAY TEND TO BE SLOW WHEN YOU TYPE.
╨LEASE TRY TO BE PATIENT IF YOU CAN OUT-TYPE THE EDITOR.
┬E AWARE THAT WHENEVER YOU TYPE, YOU WILL BE IN INSERT MODE, THAT IS,
WHATEVER YOU TYPE WILL NOT OVERLAY WHAT IS ALREADY ON THE SCREEN, BUT
BE SQUEEZED BETWEEN IT AS THE LATTER TEXT IS MOVED TO THE RIGHT. ╬OTE
THAT TEXT INSERTED PAST THE 39TH COLUMN DISAPPEARS. ╘HIS IS BECAUSE
EACH LINE CAN ONLY BE 39 COLUMNS IN WIDTH (ONE LINE).
╒SE THE CURSOR OR ARROW KEYS TO MOVE AROUND THE SCREEN AND TO SCROLL
THE SCREEN. ╘HE SCREEN SCROLLS FASTER IF YOU HAVE A BACKARROW CHARACTER
AT THE END OF EACH SHORT LINE, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE NOT REQUIRED. ╘HESE
CHARACTERS ARE ALREADY PRESENT WHEN YOU ENTER THE EDITOR AS PURPLE
BACKARROWS DOWN THE LEFT OF THE SCREEN THAT WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE
INSERTED AS YOU TYPE. ╘HE BLUE ARROWS ON THE RIGHT ARE PERMANANT.
╒SE THE ─┼╠ETE KEY TO DELETE TEXT.
╒SE ┼╙├APE TO EXIT THE EDITOR AND SAVE YOUR CHANGES.
╒SE ╙╘╧╨ TO FORCEFULLY EDIT THE EDITOR. ┬E CAREFUL, AS MANY CHANGES
WILL BE LOST BY PRESSING THIS KEY. ┘OU WILL KNOW IF IT WAS PRESSED IF
THE REGULAR DIRECT MODE SQUARE CURSOR BLINKS. ╘HE SCREEN WILL NOT
CLEAR.
┘OU DO NOT HAVE TO PRESS ╥┼╘╒╥╬ ON EACH LINE, BUT IF YOU DO, THE
CURSOR WILL BE MOVED TO THE LEFT MARGAIN AND NEXT LINE.
┬E SURE TO ALWAYS INCLUDE ┼╬─ AS THE LAST COMMAND. ╔F NOT END IS
ENCOUNTERED, THE PROGRAM WILL PAUSE FOR SEVERAL SECONDS LOOKING FOR
ONE.
┘OU CAN CALL OTHER ROUTINES FROM ONE ROUTINE, BUT DO NOT CREATE
ENDLESS LOOPS.
┬LANK LINES WILL NOT AFFECT OUTPUT, SO IF YOU BELIEVE THAT YOU MAY
HAVE TO ADD MORE COMMANDS TO A ROUTINE, DON'T HESITATE TO LEAVE BLANK
LINES. ╔F YOU WISH TO LEAVE REMARKS TO YOURSELF, TYPE A SPACE FOLLOWED
BY YOUR MESSAGE.
╔F YOU WANT TO EDIT A DIFFERENT ROUTINE, PRESS ┼╙├APE AND USE ANOTHER
┼─╔╘ COMMAND. ╔F YOU WISH TO ERASE A ROUTINE YOU ARE EDITING, PRESS
┼╙├APE AND USE THE APPROPRIATE COMMAND.
╔F YOU WISH TO DUPLICATE A ROUTINE, SAVE IT WITH THE ╙┴╓┼ COMMAND AND
LOAD IT INTO A DIFFERENT ROUTINE NUMBER.
╔N ALL, THE EDITOR IS PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL FOR USE WITH
╠╧╟╧. ╔T'S IMPORTANT TO GET TO KNOW HOW TO USE IT.
╠╧╟╧ 128 ╓┼╥╙╔╧╬ 4.0 -╪- ╩AMES ╙. ─ERRY
╒╙╔╬╟ ╧╘╚┼╥ ╘┼╪╘ ┼─╔╘╧╥╙
------------------------
╔ ADMIT, THE ╠╧╟╧ TEXT EDITOR IS ╓┼╥┘ WEAK, THERE ARE NO COMMANDS FOR
INSERTING LINES, DELETING LINES, AND OTHER FANCY TRICKS. ┼VENTUALLY ╔
MAY INCORPORATE THESE INTO THE PROGRAM.
═EANWHILE, YOU MAY BE WONDERING ABOUT USING OTHER TEXT EDITORS. ┘ES,
THEY ╫╔╠╠ ╫╧╥╦!
╞OLLOWING ARE SOME GENERAL GUIDELINES.
┘OU'LL HAVE TO DESIGN AND WRITE YOUR PROGRAM OUTSIDE OF ╠╧╟╧, SO
HOPEFULL YOU HAVE A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMMANDS, AND HOPEFULLY
YOU'LL KNOW WHAT YOU WANT TO DO.
┘OU NEED TO CHOOSE A GOOD WORD PROCESSOR. ╔ USE ╨APER ├LIP ╔╔╔. ╔T
DOESN'T MATTER IF YOUR WORD PROCESSOR IS FOR THE 64, 128, OR EVEN ├╨/═,
BUT IT ─╧┼╙ HAVE TO BE ABLE TO DO SOMETHING...
╞IRST, IT SHOULD ALLOW YOU SAVE FILES AS ╨┼╘┴╙├╔╔ (OR ├┴╙├╔╔) TEXT
FILE, USING ╙┼╤UENTIAL FORMAT.
┴LL OF YOUR LINES SHOULD LIMIT THEMSELVES TO NO MORE THAN 39
CHARACTERS. ┼ACH MUST END WITH A ├ARRIAGE ╥ETURN.
╔F POSSIBLE, TRY TO PLACE A BACKARROW AT THE END OF EACH LINE BEFORE
THE ├ARRIAGE ╥ETURN. ╔T'S OKAY IF YOU CAN'T, BUT IT WILL SLOW DOWN
╠╧╟╧ A LITTLE BIT.
╟OOD LUCK AND ENJOY!