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Text File | 1989-09-09 | 26.9 KB | 1,453 lines |
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- GNUPLOT
- An Interactive Plotting Program
-
-
-
- Thomas Williams & Colin Kelley
-
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Villanova University
- Villanova, PA 19085
- May 26, 1989
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- May 26, 1989
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- _I_N_T_R_O_D_U_C_T_I_O_N
-
- GNUPLOT is a command-driven interactive function plotting program.
- It is case sensitive (commands and function names written in lower-
- case are not the same as those written in CAPS). All command names
- may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous.
- Any number of commands may appear on a line, separated by semicolons
- (;).
-
-
-
-
- _1. _c_l_e_a_r
-
-
- This command erases the current screen or output device as specified
- by 'set output'. This usually generates a formfeed on hardcopy dev-
- ices. Use 'set terminal' to set the device type.
-
-
-
-
- _2. _e_x_i_t
-
-
- 'exit', 'quit' and your computer's END-OF-FILE character will exit
- GNUPLOT. All these commands will clear the output device (as the
- 'clear' command does) before exiting.
-
-
-
-
- _3. _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_s
-
-
-
-
-
-
- _3._1. _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_s
-
-
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- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 2
-
-
- _3._1._1. _a_b_s
-
-
- This function returns the absolute value of its argument.
- The returned value is of the same type as the argument.
-
- For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of
- x in the complex plane [i.e. sqrt(real(x)**2 +
- imag(x)**2) ].
-
-
-
- _3._1._2. _a_c_o_s
-
-
- This function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of
- its argument. 'acos' returns its argument in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._3. _a_r_g
-
-
- This function returns the phase of a complex number, in
- radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._4. _a_s_i_n
-
-
- This function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its
- argument. 'asin' returns its argument in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._5. _a_t_a_n
-
-
- This function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of
- its argument. 'atan' returns its argument in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._6. _b_e_s_j_0
-
-
- This function returns the j0th Bessel function of its
- argument. 'besj0' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
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-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 3
-
-
- _3._1._7. _b_e_s_j_1
-
-
- This function returns the j1st Bessel function of its
- argument. 'besj1' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._8. _b_e_s_y_0
-
-
- This function returns the y0th Bessel function of its
- argument. 'besy0' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._9. _b_e_s_y_1
-
-
- This function returns the y1st Bessel function of its
- argument. 'besy1' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_0. _c_e_i_l
-
-
- This function returns the largest integer not less than
- its argument. For complex numbers, 'ceil' returns the
- largest integer not less than the real part of its argu-
- ment.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_1. _c_o_s
-
-
- This function returns the cosine of its argument. 'cos'
- expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_2. _c_o_s_h
-
-
- This function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argu-
- ment. 'cosh' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_3. _e_x_p
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
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-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 4
-
-
- This function returns the exponential function of its
- argument (e raised to the power of its argument).
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_4. _f_l_o_o_r
-
-
- This function returns the smallest integer not greater
- than its argument. For complex numbers, 'floor' returns
- the smallest integer not greater than the real part of its
- argument.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_5. _i_m_a_g
-
-
- This function returns the imaginary part of its argument
- as a real number.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_6. _i_n_t
-
-
- This function returns the integer part of its argument,
- truncated toward zero.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_7. _l_o_g
-
-
- This function returns the natural logarithm (base e) of
- its argument.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_8. _l_o_g_1_0
-
-
- This function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argu-
- ment.
-
-
-
- _3._1._1_9. _r_e_a_l
-
-
- This function returns the real part of its argument.
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
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-
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- GNUPLOT Page 5
-
-
- _3._1._2_0. _s_g_n
-
-
- This function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if
- its argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If
- the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component
- is ignored.
-
-
-
- _3._1._2_1. _s_i_n
-
-
- This function returns the sine of its argument. 'sin'
- expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._2_2. _s_i_n_h
-
-
- This function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument.
- 'sinh' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._2_3. _s_q_r_t
-
-
- This function returns the square root of its argument.
-
-
-
- _3._1._2_4. _t_a_n
-
-
- This function returns the tangent of its argument. 'tan'
- expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._1._2_5. _t_a_n_h
-
-
- This function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argu-
- ment. 'tanh' expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-
- _3._2. _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r_s
-
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-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
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- GNUPLOT Page 6
-
-
- _3._2._1. _b_i_n_a_r_y
-
-
- The following is a list of all the binary operators and
- their usages:
-
- Symbol Example Explanation
- ** a**b exponentiation
- * a*b multiplication
- / a/b division
- % a%b * modulo
- + a+b addition
- - a-b subtraction
- == a==b equality
- != a!=b inequality
- & a&b * bitwise and
- ^ a^b * bitwise exclusive or
- | a|b * bitwise inclusive or
- && a&&b * logical and
- || a||b * logical or
- ?: a?b:c * ternary operation
-
- (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator
- requires integer arguments.
-
- Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) short-circuit the way they do
- in C. That is, the second && operand is not evaluated if
- the first is false; the second || operand is not evaluated
- if the first is true.
-
- The ternary operator evaluates its first argument (a). If
- it is true (non-zero) the second argument (b) is evaluated
- and returned, otherwise the third argument (c) is
- evaluated and returned.
-
-
-
- _3._2._2. _u_n_a_r_y
-
-
- The following is a list of all the unary operators and
- their usages:
-
- Symbol Example Explanation
- - -a unary minus
- ~ ~a * one's complement
- ! !a * logical negation
- ! a! * factorial
-
- (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator
- requires an integer argument.
-
- The factorial operator returns a real number to allow a
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
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- GNUPLOT Page 7
-
-
- greater range.
-
-
-
-
- _4. _h_e_l_p
-
-
- The 'help' command displays on-line help. To specify information on
- a particular topic use the syntax:
-
- help <topic>
-
- Help is actually a separate program. If help doesn't work for you,
- ask your administrator how to set up the GNUHELP environment vari-
- able (and possibly the HELPDIR environment variable).
-
- You may exit the help utility and return to GNUPLOT by either press-
- ing <Return>(s) at the 'HELP >' prompt or pressing your computer's
- END-OF-FILE character at any help prompt.
-
-
-
-
- _5. _l_o_a_d
-
-
- This command executes each line of the specified input file as if it
- had been typed in interactively. Files created by the 'save' com-
- mand can later be 'load'ed. Any text file containing valid commands
- can be created and then executed by the 'load' command. Files being
- 'load'ed may themselves contain 'load' commands. Lines beginning
- with # (or ! if using VMS) will be treated as comments and ignored.
-
- The 'load' command must be the last command on the line.
-
- Syntax:
- load <input-file>
-
- The name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes.
-
- Examples:
-
- load 'work.gnu'
- load "func.dat"
-
-
-
-
- _6. _p_a_u_s_e
-
-
- Pause is useful in conjunction with `load` files. The command
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 8
-
-
- 'pause' displays any text associated with the command and then waits
- the specified amount of time. This allows one to build a 'load'
- file and control the amount of time a finished graph is displayed.
- The first argument is an expression that can be -1, 0, 1, 2, ... -1
- will wait until a carriage return is hit. 0 won't pause at all, and
- 1, 2, etc. will wait the specified number of seconds.
-
- Note: Since pause is not part of the plot it may interact with dif-
- ferent device drivers differently (depending upon how text and
- graphics are mixed).
-
- Examples:
- pause -1 ! Wait until a carriage return is hit
- pause 3 ! Wait three seconds
- pause -1 "Hit return to continue"
- pause 10 "Isn't this pretty? It's a cubic-spline."
-
- Syntax:
- pause <expression> ["string"]
-
-
-
-
- _7. _p_l_o_t
-
-
-
-
-
-
- _7._1. _d_a_t_a__f_i_l_e
-
-
- Discrete data contained in a file can displayed by specifying
- the name of the data file (enclosed in quotes) on the 'plot'
- command line.
-
- Data files should contain one data point per line. A data
- point may be specified either as an X and Y value separated by
- blank space, or as just the Y value, in which case the program
- will use the number of the coordinate as the X value. Coordi-
- nate numbers starts at 0 and are incremented for each data
- point read. Blank lines and lines beginning with # will be
- treated as comments and ignored.
-
-
- This example compares the data in the file population.dat to a
- theoretical curve:
-
- pop(x) = 103*exp((1965-x)/10)
- plot [1960:1990] 'population.dat', pop(x)
-
- The file population.dat might contain:
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 9
-
-
- # Gnu population in Antarctica since 1965
- 1965 103
- 1970 55
- 1975 34
- 1980 24
- 1985 10
-
-
-
- _7._2. _r_a_n_g_e_s
-
-
- This option specifies the region of the plot which will be
- displayed.
-
- Ranges may be provided on the 'plot' command line as synonyms
- for the 'set xrange' and 'set yrange' commands.
-
- Syntax:
- [{dummy-var =} {xmin : xmax}] { [{ymin : ymax}] }
-
- Where dummy-var is the independent variable (the default is
- 'x', but this may be changed with the 'set dummy' command) and
- the min and max terms can be expressions or constants.
-
- Both the min and max terms are optional. The ':' is also
- optional if neither a min nor a max term is specified. This
- allows '[]' to be used as a null range specification.
-
- Specifying a Y range turns autoscaling OFF.
-
-
- Examples:
-
- This uses current ranges:
- plot cos(x)
-
- This sets the xrange only:
- plot [-10:30] sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
-
- This is the same, but uses t as the dummy-variable:
- plot [t = -10 :30] sin(pi*t)/(pi*t)
-
- This sets both the x and yranges:
- plot [-pi:pi] [-3:3] tan(x), 1/x
-
- This sets only the yrange:
- plot [] [-2:sin(5)*-8] sin(x)**besj0(x)
-
- This sets xmax and ymin only:
- plot [:200] [-pi:] exp(sin(x))
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 10
-
-
- _7._3. _s_t_y_l_e
-
-
- Plots may be displayed in one of three styles: 'lines',
- 'points', or 'impulses'. The 'lines' style connects adjacent
- points with lines. The 'points' style displays a small symbol
- at each point. The 'impulses' style displays a vertical line
- from the X axis to each point.
-
- Default styles are chosen with the 'set function style' and
- 'set data style' commands.
-
- Syntax:
- with <style>
-
- Where <style> is one of 'lines', 'points', or 'impulses'.
- These keywords may be abbreviated.
-
-
- Examples:
-
- This plots sin(x) with impulses:
- plot sin(x) with impulses
-
- This plots sin(x) with points, cos(x) default:
- plot [-9:30] sin(x) w points, cos(x)
-
- This plots tan(x) with the default function style, "data.1"
- with lines:
- plot [] [-2:5] tan(x), "data.1" with l
-
- This plots "leastsq.dat" with impulses:
- plot 'leastsq.dat' w i
-
-
-
-
- _8. _p_r_i_n_t
-
-
- This command prints the value of <expression> to the screen.
-
- Syntax:
- print <expression>
-
- See 'expressions'.
-
-
-
-
- _9. _q_u_i_t
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 11
-
-
- 'quit' is a synonym for 'exit'. See 'exit'.
-
-
-
-
- _1_0. _r_e_p_l_o_t
-
-
- 'replot' repeats the last 'plot' command. This can be useful for
- viewing a plot with different 'set' options, or when generating the
- same plot for several devices.
-
-
-
-
- _1_1. _s_a_v_e
-
-
- This command saves either user-defined functions, variables, or both
- to the specified file.
-
- Syntax:
- save {option} <filename>
-
- Where <option> is either 'functions' or 'variables'. If no option
- is used GNUPLOT saves both functions and variables.
-
- 'save'd files are written in text format and may be read by the
- 'load' command.
-
- The filename must be enclosed in quotes.
-
- Examples:
-
- save "work.gnu"
- save functions 'func.dat'
- save var 'var.dat'
-
-
-
-
- _1_2. _s_e_t-_s_h_o_w
-
-
- Set or show various internal gnuplot settings.
-
-
-
-
- _1_2._1. _a_l_l
-
-
- The command 'show all' will display all the set-show options
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 12
-
-
- currently in effect.
-
- Syntax:
- show all
-
-
-
- _1_2._2. _a_u_t_o_s_c_a_l_e
-
-
- If autoscaling is set, the Y axis is automatically scaled to
- fit the range of the function or data being plotted. If autos-
- caling is not set, the current Y range is used. See 'set
- yrange'.
-
- Syntax:
- set autoscale
- set noautoscale
- show autoscale
-
-
-
- _1_2._3. _d_u_m_m_y
-
-
- By default, GNUPLOT assumes that the independent variable is
- 'x' on the 'plot' command line. 'x' is called the dummy vari-
- able because it is just a notation to indicate the independent
- variable. The 'set dummy' command changes this default dummy
- variable name. For example, you may find it more convenient to
- call the dummy variable 't' when plotting time functions:
-
- set dummy t
- plot sin(t), cos(t)
-
- Syntax:
- set dummy <dummy-var>
- show dummy
-
-
-
- _1_2._4. _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_s
-
-
- The 'show functions' command lists all user-defined functions
- and their definitions.
-
- Syntax:
- show functions
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
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- GNUPLOT Page 13
-
-
- _1_2._5. _l_o_g_s_c_a_l_e
-
-
- Log scaling may be set on the X and/or Y axis.
-
- Syntax:
- set logscale <axes>
- set nologscale
- show logscale
-
- Where <axes> is either 'x', 'y', or 'xy'.
-
-
-
- _1_2._6. _p_o_l_a_r
-
-
- The 'set polar' command changes the meaning of the plot from
- rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. In polar coordi-
- nates, the dummy variable (x) is an angle. The domain of this
- angle is changed from whatever it was to [0:2*pi].
-
- The command 'set nopolar' changes the meaning of the plot back
- to the default rectangular coordinate system. The domain of x
- is changed from whatever it was to [-10:10].
-
- While in polar coordinates the meaning of an expression in x is
- really r = f(x), where x is an angle of rotation. The plot,
- however, is plotted on a rectangular grid. Thus the displayed
- ranges of x and y are rectanglar values, while the command 'set
- xrange' refers to polar values.
-
- Syntax:
- set polar
- set nopolar show polar
-
-
-
- _1_2._7. _o_f_f_s_e_t_s
-
-
- The amount of the graph that the plot takes up may be con-
- trolled to some extent with the 'set offsets' command. This
- command takes four arguments--left offset, right offset, top
- offset and bottom offset. By default, each offset is 0. Left
- and right offsets are given in units of the x axis, while top
- and bottom offsets are given in units of the y axis. The plot
- of sin(x), displayed with offsets of 0, 0, 2, 2 will take up
- 1/3 of the displayed y axis. Offsets are particularly useful
- with polar coordinates as a means of compensating for aspect
- ratio distortion.
-
- Syntax:
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 14
-
-
- set offsets <expr>, <expr>, <expr>, <expr>
- show offsets
-
-
-
- _1_2._8. _o_u_t_p_u_t
-
-
- By default, plots are displayed to the standard output. The
- 'set output' command redirects the displays to the specified
- file or device.
-
- Syntax:
- set output {filename}
- show output
-
- The filename must be enclosed in quotes. If the filename is
- omitted, output will be sent to the standard output.
-
-
-
- _1_2._9. _s_a_m_p_l_e_s
-
-
- The sampling rate of functions may be changed by the 'set sam-
- ples' command. By default, sampling is set to 160 points. A
- higher sampling rate will produce more accurate plots, but will
- take longer. In generating plots, GNUPLOT will use either the
- sampling rate set or the resolution of the current output dev-
- ice, whichever is lower.
-
- Syntax:
- set samples <expression>
- show samples
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_0. _s_t_y_l_e
-
-
- Plots may be displayed in one of three styles: 'lines',
- 'points', or 'impulses'. The 'lines' style connects adjacent
- points with lines. The 'points' style displays a small symbol
- at each point. The 'impulses' style displays a vertical line
- from the X axis to each point.
-
- Default styles are chosen with the 'set function style' and
- 'set data style' commands. See 'plot' for information about
- how to override the default plotting style for individual func-
- tions.
-
- Syntax:
- set function style <style>
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 15
-
-
- set data style <style>
- show function style
- show data style
-
- Where style is either 'lines', 'points', or 'impulses'.
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_1. _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l
-
-
- GNUPLOT supports many different graphics devices. Use the 'set
- terminal' command to select the type of device for which GNU-
- PLOT will produce output. While your installation may not
- include all of these, the following were available in the
- source code at the time this help file was written:
-
- Machines: IBM-PC's (ega, cga, hercules), ATT6300, CORONA325,
- UNIXPC (att7300 or 3b1);
- Terminals: AED512, AED767, HP2623A, HP7580B, REGIS, SELENAR,
- TEK40xx, BBN Bitgraph;
- Printers: LASERJET1, LASERJET2, LASERJET3, POSTSCRIPT, QMS,
- VECTRIX384;
- Other: UNIXPLOT.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal {terminal-type}
- show terminal
-
- If <terminal-type> is omitted, GNUPLOT will list the available
- terminal types. <terminal-type> may be abbreviated.
-
- Use 'set output' to redirect this output to a file or device.
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_2. _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s
-
-
- The 'show variables' command lists all user-defined variables
- and their values.
-
- Syntax:
- show variables
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_3. _v_e_r_s_i_o_n
-
-
- Show the current version of gnuplot. This is the same text
- that appears when gnuplot starts up. (There is no SET VERSION
- command, of course.)
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 16
-
-
- Syntax: SHOW VERSION
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_4. _x_r_a_n_g_e
-
-
- The 'set xrange' command sets the horizontal range which will
- be displayed.
-
- This range may also be specified on the 'plot' command line.
-
- Syntax:
- set xrange [{xmin : xmax}]
-
- Where <xmin> and <xmax> terms are expressions or constants.
-
- Both the <xmin> and <xmax> terms are optional.
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_5. _y_r_a_n_g_e
-
-
- The 'set yrange' command sets the vertical range which will be
- displayed. This command turns autoscaling OFF.
-
- This range may also be specified on the 'plot' command line.
-
- Syntax:
- set yrange [{ymin : ymax}]
-
- Where <ymin> and <ymax> terms are expressions or constants.
-
- Both the <ymin> and <ymax> terms are optional.
-
-
-
- _1_2._1_6. _z_e_r_o
-
-
- GNUPLOT will not plot a point if its imaginary part is greater
- in magnitude than the 'zero' threshold. The default 'zero'
- value is 1e-8.
-
- Syntax:
- set zero <expression>
- show zero
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 17
-
-
- _1_3. _s_h_e_l_l
-
-
- The 'shell' command spawns an interactive shell. To return to GNU-
- PLOT, type 'logout' if using VMS, 'exit' or your END-OF-FILE charac-
- ter if using Unix, or 'exit' if using MS-DOS.
-
- A single shell command may be spawned by preceding it with the !
- character ($ if using VMS) at the beginning of a command line. Con-
- trol will return immediately to GNUPLOT after this command is exe-
- cuted. For example,
-
- ! dir
-
- prints a directory listing and then returns to GNUPLOT.
-
-
-
-
- _1_4. _s_t_a_r_t__u_p
-
-
- When GNUPLOT is run, it looks for an initialization file to load.
- This file is called '.gnuplot' on Unix systems, and 'GNUPLOT.INI' on
- other systems. If this file is not found in the current directory,
- the program will look for it in your home directory (under MS-DOS,
- the environment variable GNUPLOT should contain the name of this
- directory).
-
- If this file is found, GNUPLOT executes the commands in this file.
- This is most useful for setting your terminal type and defining any
- functions or variables which you use often. The variable 'pi' is
- already defined for you.
-
-
-
-
- _1_5. _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n
-
-
- Command-line substitution is specified by a system command enclosed
- in backquotes (`). This command is spawned and the output it pro-
- duces replaces the name of the command (and backquotes) on the com-
- mand line.
-
- Newlines in the output produced by the spawned command are replaced
- with blanks.
-
- Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the GNUPLOT com-
- mand line.
-
-
- Example:
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT Page 18
-
-
- This will run the program 'leastsq' and substitute `leastsq` on the
- command line with its output:
-
- f(x) = `leastsq`
-
- or, in VMS
-
- f(x) = `run leastsq`
-
-
-
-
- _1_6. _u_s_e_r__d_e_f_i_n_e_d
-
-
- You may define your own functions and variables. User-defined func-
- tions and variables may be used anywhere.
-
- User-defined function syntax:
- <function-name> ( <dummy-var> ) = <expression>
-
- Where <expression> is defined in terms of <dummy-var>.
-
- User-defined variable syntax:
- <variable-name> = <constant-expression>
-
- Examples:
- w = 2
- q = floor(tan(pi/2 - 0.1))
- f(x) = sin(w*x)
- sinc(x) = sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
- delta(t) = (t == 0)
- ramp(t) = (t > 0) ? t : 0
-
- The variable 'pi' is already defined for you.
-
- See 'show functions' and 'show variables'.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT i
-
-
-
-
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
-
- clear ......................................................... 1
-
- exit .......................................................... 1
-
- expressions ................................................... 1
-
- functions ................................................ 1
-
- abs ................................................. 2
-
- acos ................................................ 2
-
- arg ................................................. 2
-
- asin ................................................ 2
-
- atan ................................................ 2
-
- besj0 ............................................... 2
-
- besj1 ............................................... 3
-
- besy0 ............................................... 3
-
- besy1 ............................................... 3
-
- ceil ................................................ 3
-
- cos ................................................. 3
-
- cosh ................................................ 3
-
- exp ................................................. 4
-
- floor ............................................... 4
-
- imag ................................................ 4
-
- int ................................................. 4
-
- log ................................................. 4
-
- log10 ............................................... 4
-
- real ................................................ 4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT ii
-
-
- sgn ................................................. 5
-
- sin ................................................. 5
-
- sinh ................................................ 5
-
- sqrt ................................................ 5
-
- tan ................................................. 5
-
- tanh ................................................ 5
-
- operators ................................................ 5
-
- binary .............................................. 6
-
- unary ............................................... 6
-
- help .......................................................... 7
-
- load .......................................................... 7
-
- pause ......................................................... 7
-
- plot .......................................................... 8
-
- data_file ................................................ 8
-
- ranges ................................................... 9
-
- style .................................................... 10
-
- print ......................................................... 10
-
- quit .......................................................... 11
-
- replot ........................................................ 11
-
- save .......................................................... 11
-
- set-show ...................................................... 11
-
- all ...................................................... 11
-
- autoscale ................................................ 12
-
- dummy .................................................... 12
-
- functions ................................................ 12
-
- logscale ................................................. 13
-
- polar .................................................... 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNUPLOT iii
-
-
- offsets .................................................. 13
-
- output ................................................... 14
-
- samples .................................................. 14
-
- style .................................................... 14
-
- terminal ................................................. 15
-
- variables ................................................ 15
-
- version .................................................. 15
-
- xrange ................................................... 16
-
- yrange ................................................... 16
-
- zero ..................................................... 16
-
- shell ......................................................... 17
-
- start_up ...................................................... 17
-
- substitution .................................................. 17
-
- user_defined .................................................. 18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- May 26, 1989
-
-
-