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Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc From: gershon%gr@cs.utah.edu (Elber Gershon) Subject: v24i030: gnuplot3 - interactive function plotting utility, Part08/26 Message-ID: <1991Oct26.222356.6572@sparky.imd.sterling.com> X-Md4-Signature: a62c77c6dc395bc4f18e49a7ee6f3fef Date: Sat, 26 Oct 1991 22:23:56 GMT Approved: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com Submitted-by: gershon%gr@cs.utah.edu (Elber Gershon) Posting-number: Volume 24, Issue 30 Archive-name: gnuplot3/part08 Environment: UNIX, MS-DOS, VMS Supersedes: gnuplot2: Volume 11, Issue 65-79 #!/bin/sh # this is Part.08 (part 8 of a multipart archive) # do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh # file gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c continued # if test ! -r _shar_seq_.tmp; then echo 'Please unpack part 1 first!' exit 1 fi (read Scheck if test "$Scheck" != 8; then echo Please unpack part "$Scheck" next! exit 1 else exit 0 fi ) < _shar_seq_.tmp || exit 1 if test ! -f _shar_wnt_.tmp; then echo 'x - still skipping gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c' else echo 'x - continuing file gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c' sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c' && X (void) fputs(line,b); X break; X } X default: { X if (isdigit(line[0])) { /* start of section */ X (void) fputs(line,b); X } else X fprintf(stderr, "unknown control code '%c' in column 1, line %d\n", X line[0], line_count); X break; X } X } } SHAR_EOF echo 'File gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c is complete' && chmod 0666 gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c || echo 'restore of gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c failed' Wc_c="`wc -c < 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c'`" test 1471 -eq "$Wc_c" || echo 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.c: original size 1471, current size' "$Wc_c" rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp fi # ============= gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com ============== if test -f 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then echo 'x - skipping gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com (File already exists)' rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp else > _shar_wnt_.tmp echo 'x - extracting gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com (Text)' sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com' && $ def/user sys$input [.docs]gnuplot.doc $ def/user sys$output []gnuplot.hlp $ run doc2hlp SHAR_EOF chmod 0666 gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com || echo 'restore of gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com failed' Wc_c="`wc -c < 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com'`" test 90 -eq "$Wc_c" || echo 'gnuplot/docs/doc2hlp.com: original size 90, current size' "$Wc_c" rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp fi # ============= gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c ============== if test -f 'gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then echo 'x - skipping gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c (File already exists)' rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp else > _shar_wnt_.tmp echo 'x - extracting gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c (Text)' sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c' && /* X * doc2ms.c -- program to convert Gnuplot .DOC format to *roff -ms document X * From hlp2ms by Thomas Williams X * X * Modified by Russell Lang, 2nd October 1989 X * to make vms help level 1 and 2 create the same ms section level. X * X * Modified to become doc2ms by David Kotz (David.Kotz@Dartmouth.edu) 12/89 X * Added table and backquote support. X * X * usage: doc2ms < file.doc > file.ms X * X * where file.doc is a VMS .DOC file, and file.ms will be a [nt]roff X * document suitable for printing with nroff -ms or troff -ms X * X * typical usage for GNUPLOT: X * X * doc2ms < gnuplot.doc | troff -ms X */ X static char rcsid[] = "$Id: doc2ms.c,v 1.1 90/01/11 15:43:54 dfk Exp Locker: dfk $"; X #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #ifdef AMIGA_LC_5_1 #include <string.h> #endif X #define MAX_NAME_LEN 256 #define MAX_LINE_LEN 256 #define LINE_SKIP 3 X #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 X typedef int boolean; X static boolean intable = FALSE; X main() { X init(stdout); X convert(stdin,stdout); X finish(stdout); X exit(0); } X X init(b) FILE *b; { X /* in nroff, increase line length by 8 and don't adjust lines */ X (void) fputs(".if n \\{.nr LL +8m\n.na \\}\n",b); X (void) fputs(".nr PO +0.3i\n",b); X (void) fputs(".so titlepage.ms\n",b); X (void) fputs(".pn 1\n",b); X (void) fputs(".bp\n",b); X (void) fputs(".ta 1.5i 3.0i 4.5i 6.0i 7.5i\n",b); X (void) fputs("\\&\n.sp 3\n.PP\n",b); X /* following line commented out by rjl X (void) fputs(".so intro\n",b); X */ } X X convert(a,b) X FILE *a,*b; { X static char line[MAX_LINE_LEN]; X X while (fgets(line,MAX_LINE_LEN,a)) { X process_line(line, b); X } } X process_line(line, b) X char *line; X FILE *b; { X switch(line[0]) { /* control character */ X case '?': { /* interactive help entry */ X break; /* ignore */ X } X case '@': { /* start/end table */ X if (intable) { X (void) fputs(".TE\n", b); X (void) fputs(".EQ\ndelim off\n.EN\n\n",b); X intable = FALSE; X } else { X (void) fputs("\n.EQ\ndelim $$\n.EN\n",b); X (void) fputs(".TS\ncenter box tab (@) ;\n", b); X (void) fputs("c c l .\n", b); X intable = TRUE; X } X /* ignore rest of line */ X break; X } X case '#': { /* latex table entry */ X break; /* ignore */ X } X case '%': { /* troff table entry */ X if (intable) X (void) fputs(line+1, b); /* copy directly */ X else X fprintf(stderr, "error: % line found outside of table\n"); X break; X } X case '\n': /* empty text line */ X case ' ': { /* normal text line */ X if (intable) X break; /* ignore while in table */ X switch(line[1]) { X case ' ': { X /* verbatim mode */ X fputs(".br\n",b); X fputs(line+1,b); X fputs(".br\n",b); X break; X } X case '\'': { X fputs("\\&",b); X putms(line+1,b); X break; X } X default: { X if (line[0] == '\n') X putms(line,b); /* handle totally blank line */ X else X putms(line+1,b); X break; X } X break; X } X break; X } X default: { X if (isdigit(line[0])) { /* start of section */ X if (!intable) /* ignore while in table */ X section(line, b); X } else X fprintf(stderr, "unknown control code '%c' in column 1\n", X line[0]); X break; X } X } } X X /* process a line with a digit control char */ /* starts a new [sub]section */ X section(line, b) X char *line; X FILE *b; { X static char string[MAX_LINE_LEN]; X int sh_i; X static int old = 1; X X #ifdef AMIGA_LC_5_1 X (void) sscanf(line,"%d",&sh_i); X strcpy(string,strchr(line,' ')+1); X { X char *p; X p = strchr(string,'\n'); X if (p != NULL) *p = '\0'; X } #else X (void) sscanf(line,"%d %[^\n]s",&sh_i,string); #endif X X (void) fprintf(b,".sp %d\n",(sh_i == 1) ? LINE_SKIP : LINE_SKIP-1); X X if (sh_i > old) { X do X if (old!=1) /* this line added by rjl */ X (void) fputs(".RS\n.IP\n",b); X while (++old < sh_i); X } X else if (sh_i < old) { X do X if (sh_i!=1) /* this line added by rjl */ X (void) fputs(".RE\n.br\n",b); X while (--old > sh_i); X } X X /* added by dfk to capitalize section headers */ X if (islower(string[0])) X string[0] = toupper(string[0]); X X /* next 3 lines added by rjl */ X if (sh_i!=1) X (void) fprintf(b,".NH %d\n%s\n.sp 1\n.LP\n",sh_i-1,string); X else X (void) fprintf(b,".NH %d\n%s\n.sp 1\n.LP\n",sh_i,string); X old = sh_i; X X (void) fputs(".XS\n",b); X (void) fputs(string,b); X (void) fputs("\n.XE\n",b); } X putms(s, file) X char *s; X FILE *file; { X static boolean inquote = FALSE; X X while (*s != '\0') { X switch (*s) { X case '`': { /* backquote -> boldface */ X if (inquote) { X fputs("\\fR", file); X inquote = FALSE; X } else { X fputs("\\fB", file); X inquote = TRUE; X } X break; X } X case '\\': { /* backslash */ X fputs("\\\\", file); X break; X } X default: { X fputc(*s, file); X break; X } X } X s++; X } } X finish(b) /* spit out table of contents */ FILE *b; { X (void) fputs(".pn 1\n",b); X (void) fputs(".ds RH %\n",b); X (void) fputs(".af % i\n",b); X (void) fputs(".bp\n.PX\n",b); } SHAR_EOF chmod 0644 gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c || echo 'restore of gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c failed' Wc_c="`wc -c < 'gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c'`" test 5125 -eq "$Wc_c" || echo 'gnuplot/docs/doc2ms.c: original size 5125, current size' "$Wc_c" rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp fi # ============= gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1 ============== if test -f 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then echo 'x - skipping gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1 (File already exists)' rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp else > _shar_wnt_.tmp echo 'x - extracting gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1 (Text)' sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1' && .\" dummy line .TH GNUPLOT 1 "31 August 1990" .UC 4 .SH NAME gnuplot \- an interactive plotting program .SH SYNOPSIS .B gnuplot [ X11 options ] [file ...] .br .SH DESCRIPTION .I Gnuplot is a command-driven interactive function plotting program. .PP If files are given, .I gnuplot loads each file with the .I load command, in the order specified. .I Gnuplot exits after the last file is processed. .PP Here are some of its features: .PP Plots any number of functions, built up of C operators, C library functions, and some things C doesn't have like **, sgn(), etc. Also support for plotting data files, to compare actual data to theoretical curves. .PP User-defined X and Y ranges (optional auto-ranging), smart axes scaling, smart tic marks. .PP Labelling of X and Y axes. .PP User-defined constants and functions. .PP Support through a generalized graphics driver for AED 512, AED 767, BBN BitGraph, Commodore Amiga, Roland DXY800A, EEPIC, EmTeX, Epson 60dpi printers, Epson LX-800, Fig, HP2623, HP2648, HP75xx, HPGL, HP LaserJet II, Imagen, Iris 4D, Kermit-MS, Kyocera laser printer, LaTeX, NEC CP6 pinwriter, PostScript, QMS QUIC, ReGis (VT125 and VT2xx), SCO Xenix CGI, Selanar, Star color printer, Tandy DMP-130 printer, Tek 401x, Tek 410x, Vectrix 384, VT like tekronix emulator, Unix PC (ATT 3b1 or ATT 7300), unixplot, and X11. The PC version compiled by Microsoft C supports IBM CGA, EGA, VGA, Hercules, ATT 6300, and Corona 325 graphics. The PC version compiled by Turbo C supports IBM CGA, EGA, MCGA, VGA, Hercules and ATT 6300 graphics. Other devices can be added simply, but will require recompiling. .PP Shell escapes and command line substitution. .PP Load and save capability. .PP Output redirection. .PP All computations performed in the complex domain. Just the real part is plotted by default, but functions like imag() and abs() and arg() are available to override this. .SH X11 OPTIONS .I Gnuplot provides two terminal types (\fIx11\fP and \fIX11\fP) for use with X servers. The \fIX11\fP terminal type provides differing colors as well as shapes for the \fIpoints\fP plotting style. The two types are otherwise identical. When used with either of these terminal types, \fIgnuplot\fP honors all the standard X Toolkit options and resources such as geometry, font, foreground and background. See the X(1) man page for a description of the options. For color or grayscale displays \fIgnuplot\fP also honors the following resources (shown here with default values): .sp .B "gnuplot*textColor: black" .br .B "gnuplot*borderColor: black" .br .B "gnuplot*axisColor: black" .br .B "gnuplot*line1Color: red" .br .B "gnuplot*line2Color: green" .br .B "gnuplot*line3Color: blue" .br .B "gnuplot*line4Color: magenta" .br .B "gnuplot*line5Color: cyan" .br .B "gnuplot*line6Color: sienna" .br .B "gnuplot*line7Color: orange" .br .B "gnuplot*line8Color: coral" .br .PP The size or aspect ratio of a plot may be changed by resizing the .I gnuplot window. .SH AUTHORS Thomas Williams, Pixar Corporation, .br (pixar!info-gnuplot@sun.com) .br and Colin Kelley. .PP Additions for labelling by Russell Lang, Monash University, Australia. .br (rjl@monu1.cc.monash.edu.au) .br Further additions by David Kotz, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, USA (formerly of Duke University, North Carolina, USA). .br (David.Kotz@Dartmouth.edu) .br XX11 support by Ed Kubaitis, University of Illinois, USA. .SH BUGS The atan() function does not work correctly for complex arguments. .br The bessel functions do not work for complex arguments. .br See the .I help bugs command in gnuplot. .SH SEE ALSO See the printed manual or the on-line help for details on specific commands. .br XX(1). SHAR_EOF chmod 0644 gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1 || echo 'restore of gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1 failed' Wc_c="`wc -c < 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1'`" test 3718 -eq "$Wc_c" || echo 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.1: original size 3718, current size' "$Wc_c" rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp fi # ============= gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc ============== if test -f 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then echo 'x - skipping gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc (File already exists)' rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp else > _shar_wnt_.tmp echo 'x - extracting gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc (Text)' sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc' && 1 gnuplot ? X GNUPLOT is a command-driven interactive function plotting program. It X is case sensitive (commands and function names written in lowercase X are not the same as those written in CAPS). All command names may be X abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous. Any number X of commands may appear on a line, separated by semicolons (;). X Strings are indicated with quotes. They may be either single or double X quotation marks, e.g., X X load "filename" X cd 'dir' X X Any command-line arguments are assumed to be names of files containing X GNUPLOT commands, with the exception of standard X11 arguments, which X are processed first. Each file is loaded with the `load` command, in the X order specified. GNUPLOT exits after the last file is processed. When X no load files are named, gnuplot enters into an interactive mode. X X Commands may extend over several input lines, by ending each X line but the last with a backslash (\). The backslash must be the LAST X character on each line. The effect is as if the backslash and newline X were not there. That is, no white space is implied, nor is a comment X terminated. Therefore, commenting out a continued line comments out X the entire command (see `comment`). X X In this documentation, curly braces ({}) denote optional arguments to X many commands, and a vertical bar (|) separates mutually exclusive X choices. GNUPLOT keywords or help topics are indicated by backquotes X or `boldface` (where available). Angle brackets (<>) are used to mark X replaceable tokens. X X For help on any topic, type `help` followed by the name of the topic. X X The new GNUPLOT user should begin by reading about the `plot` X command (type `help plot`). 2 cd ?cd X The `cd` command changes the working directory. X X Syntax: X cd "<directory-name>" X X The directory name must be enclosed in quotes. X X Examples: X cd 'subdir' X cd ".." 2 clear ?clear X The `clear` command erases the current screen or output device as X specified by `set output`. This usually generates a formfeed on X hardcopy devices. Use `set terminal` to set the device type. 2 command-line editing ?line-editing ?editing ?history X The Unix and IBM PC versions of GNUPLOT support command-line editing. X Also, a history mechanism allows previous commands to be edited, and X re-executed. After the command line has been edited, a newline or X carriage return will enter the entire line regardless of where the X cursor is positioned. X X The editing commands are as follows: X @start table - first is interactive cleartext form X `Line editing`: X X ^B moves back a single character. X ^F moves forward a single character. X ^A moves to the beginning of the line. X ^E moves to the end of the line. X ^H and DEL delete the previous character. X ^D deletes the current character. X ^K deletes from current position to the end of line. X ^L,^R redraws line in case it gets trashed. X ^U deletes the entire line. X ^W deletes the last word. X X `History`: X X ^P moves back through history. X ^N moves forward through history. #Character && Function \\ \hline #\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Line Editing}\\ #\verb~^B~ && move back a single character.\\ #\verb~^F~ && move forward a single character.\\ #\verb~^A~ && move to the beginning of the line.\\ #\verb~^E~ && move to the end of the line.\\ #\verb~^H, DEL~ && delete the previous character.\\ #\verb~^D~ && delete the current character.\\ #\verb~^K~ && delete from current position to the end of line.\\ #\verb~^L, ^R~ && redraw line in case it gets trashed.\\ #\verb~^U~ && delete the entire line. \\ #\verb~^W~ && delete from the current word to the end of line. \\ \hline #\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{History} \\ #\verb~^P~ && move back through history.\\ #\verb~^N~ && move forward through history.\\ %Character@@Function %_ %@@Line Editing %^B@@move back a single character. %^F@@move forward a single character. %^A@@move to the beginning of the line. %^E@@move to the end of the line. %^H, DEL@@delete the previous character. %^D@@delete the current character. %^K@@delete from current position to the end of line. %^L, ^R@@redraw line in case it gets trashed. %^U@@delete the entire line. %^W@@delete from the current word to the end of line. %_ %@@History %^P@@move back through history. %^N@@move forward through history. @end table X X On the IBM PC the use of a TSR program such as DOSEDIT or CED may be X desired for line editing. For such a case GNUPLOT may be compiled with X no line editing capability (default makefile setup). Set READLINE in the X makefile and add readline.obj to the link file if GNUPLOT line editing X is to be used for the IBM PC. The following arrow keys may be used X on the IBM PC version if readline is used: X @start table - first is interactive cleartext form X Left Arrow - same as ^B. X Right Arrow - same as ^F. X Ctl Left Arrow - same as ^A. X Ctl Right Arrow - same as ^E. X Up Arrow - same as ^P. X Down Arrow - same as ^N. #Arrow key & Function & \\ \hline #Left & same as \verb~^B~. & \\ #Right & same as \verb~^F~. & \\ #Ctl Left & same as \verb~^A~. & \\ #Ctl Right & same as \verb~^E~. & \\ #Up & same as \verb~^P~. & \\ #Down & same as \verb~^N~. & \\ %Arrow key@@Function %_ %Left Arrow@@same as ^B. %Right Arrow@@same as ^F. %Ctl Left Arrow@@same as ^A. %Ctl Right Arrow@@same as ^E. %Up Arrow@@same as ^P. %Down Arrow@@same as ^N. %_ @end table 2 comment ?comments X Comments are supported as follows: a # may appear in most places in a line X and GNUPLOT will ignore the rest of the line. It will not have this X effect inside quotes, inside numbers (including complex numbers), inside X command substitutions, etc. In short, it works anywhere it makes sense X to work. 2 environment ?environment X A number of shell environment variables are understood by GNUPLOT. X None of these are required, but may be useful. X X If GNUTERM is defined, it is used as the name of the terminal type to X be used. This overrides any terminal type sensed by GNUPLOT on start X up, but is itself overridden by the .gnuplot (or equivalent) start-up X file (see `start-up`), and of course by later explicit changes. X X On Unix, AmigaDOS, and MS-DOS, GNUHELP may be defined to be the pathname X of the HELP file (gnuplot.gih). X X On VMS, the symbol GNUPLOT$HELP should be defined as the name of X the help library for GNUPLOT. X X On Unix, HOME is used as the name of a directory to search for X a .gnuplot file if none is found in the current directory. X On AmigaDOS and MS-DOS, GNUPLOT is used. On VMS, SYS$LOGIN: is used. X See help start-up. X X On Unix, PAGER is used as an output filter for help messages. X X On Unix and AmigaDOS, SHELL is used for the `shell` command. On MS-DOS, X COMSPEC is used for the `shell` command. X X On AmigaDOS, GNUFONT is used for the screen font. For example: X "setenv GNUFONT sapphire/14". X X On MS-DOS, if the BGI interface is used, the variable `BGI` is used to point X to the full path to the BGI drivers directory. Furthermore SVGA is used to X name the Super VGA BGI driver in 800x600 res., and its mode of operation X as 'Name.Mode'. X For example, if the Super VGA driver is C:\TC\BGI\SVGADRV.BGI and mode 3 is X used for 800x600 res., then: 'set BGI=C:\TC\BGI' and 'set SVGA=SVGADRV.3'. 2 exit ?exit ?quit X The commands `exit` and `quit` and the END-OF-FILE character X will exit GNUPLOT. All these commands will clear the output device X (as the `clear` command does) before exiting. 2 expressions ?expressions X In general, any mathematical expression accepted by C, FORTRAN, X Pascal, or BASIC is valid. The precedence of these operators is X determined by the specifications of the C programming language. X White space (spaces and tabs) is ignored inside expressions. X X Complex constants may be expressed as the {<real>,<imag>}, where <real> X and <imag> must be numerical constants. For example, {3,2} X represents 3 + 2i; {0,1} represents `i` itself. The curly braces X are explicitly required here. 3 functions ?expressions functions ?functions X The functions in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding functions X in the Unix math library, except that all functions accept integer, X real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. The `sgn` X function is also supported, as in BASIC. @start table #Function & Arguments & Returns \\ \hline %Function@Arguments@Returns %_ 4 abs ?expressions functions abs ?functions abs ?abs #abs(x) & any & absolute value of {\tt x}, $|x|$; same type \\ #abs(x) & complex & length of {\tt x}, $\sqrt{{\mbox{real}(x)^{2} + #\mbox{imag}(x)^{2}}}$ \\ %abs(x)@any@absolute value of x, $|x|$; same type %abs(x)@complex@length of x, $sqrt{roman real (x) sup 2 + roman imag (x) sup 2}$ X The `abs` function returns the absolute value of its argument. The X returned value is of the same type as the argument. X X For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of x in the X complex plane [i.e., sqrt(real(x)**2 + imag(x)**2) ]. 4 acos ?expressions functions acos ?functions acos ?acos #acos(x) & any & $\cos^{-1} x$ (inverse cosine) in radians \\ %acos(x)@any@$cos sup -1 x$ (inverse cosine) in radians X The `acos` function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its X argument. `acos` returns its argument in radians. 4 arg ?expressions functions arg ?functions arg ?arg #arg(x) & complex & the phase of $x$ in radians\\ %arg(x)@complex@the phase of $x$ in radians X The `arg` function returns the phase of a complex number, in radians. 4 asin ?expressions functions asin ?functions asin ?asin #asin(x) & any & $\sin^{-1} x$ (inverse sin) in radians \\ %asin(x)@any@$sin sup -1 x$ (inverse sin) in radians X The `asin` function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its argument. X `asin` returns its argument in radians. 4 atan ?expressions functions atan ?functions atan ?atan #atan(x) & any & $\tan^{-1} x$ (inverse tangent) in radians \\ %atan(x)@any@$tan sup -1 x$ (inverse tangent) in radians X The `atan` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its X argument. `atan` returns its argument in radians. 4 besj0 ?expressions functions besj0 ?functions besj0 ?besj0 #besj0(x) & radians & $j_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\ %besj0(x)@radians@$j sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$ X The `besj0` function returns the j0th Bessel function of its argument. X `besj0` expects its argument to be in radians. 4 besj1 ?expressions functions besj1 ?functions besj1 ?besj1 #besj1(x) & radians & $j_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\ %besj1(x)@radians@$j sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$ X The `besj1` function returns the j1st Bessel function of its argument. X `besj1` expects its argument to be in radians. 4 besy0 ?expressions functions besy0 ?functions besy0 ?besy0 #besy0(x) & radians & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\ %besy0(x)@radians@$y sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$ X The `besy0` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument. X `besy0` expects its argument to be in radians. 4 besy1 ?expressions functions besy1 ?functions besy1 ?besy1 #besy1(x) & radians & $y_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\ %besy1(x)@radians@$y sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$ X The `besy1` function returns the y1st Bessel function of its argument. X `besy1` expects its argument to be in radians. 4 ceil ?expressions functions ceil ?functions ceil ?ceil #ceil(x) & any & $\lceil x \rceil$, smallest integer not less than $x$ #(real part) \\ %ceil(x)@any@$left ceiling x right ceiling$, smallest integer not less than $x$ (real part) X The `ceil` function returns the smallest integer that is not less than its X argument. For complex numbers, `ceil` returns the smallest integer X not less than the real part of its argument. 4 cos ?expressions functions cos ?functions cos ?cos #cos(x) & radians & $\cos x$, cosine of $x$ \\ %cos(x)@radians@$cos~x$, cosine of $x$ X The `cos` function returns the cosine of its argument. `cos` expects its X argument to be in radians. 4 cosh ?expressions functions cosh ?functions cosh ?cosh #cosh(x) & radians & $\cosh x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ \\ %cosh(x)@radians@$cosh~x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ X The `cosh` function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument. X `cosh` expects its argument to be in radians. 4 exp ?expressions functions exp ?functions exp ?exp #exp(x) & any & $e^{x}$, exponential function of $x$ \\ %exp(x)@any@$e sup x$, exponential function of $x$ X The `exp` function returns the exponential function of its argument X (`e` raised to the power of its argument). 4 floor ?expressions functions floor ?functions floor ?floor #floor(x) & any & $\lfloor x \rfloor$, largest integer not greater #than $x$ (real part) \\ %floor(x)@any@$left floor x right floor$, largest integer not greater than $x$ (real part) X The `floor` function returns the largest integer not greater than its X argument. For complex numbers, `floor` returns the largest X integer not greater than the real part of its argument. 4 gamma ?expressions functions gamma ?functions gamma ?gamma #gamma(x) & any & $\Gamma(\mbox{real}(x))$, gamma function of real($x$) \\ %gamma(x)@any@$GAMMA ( roman real (x))$, gamma function of real ($x$) X The `gamma` function returns the gamma function of the real part of X its argument. For integer n, gamma(n+1) = n! . X If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component is ignored. 4 imag ?expressions functions imag ?functions imag ?imag #imag(x) & complex & imaginary part of $x$ as a real number \\ %imag(x)@complex@imaginary part of $x$ as a real number X The `imag` function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a X real number. 4 int ?expressions functions int ?functions int ?int #int(x) & real & integer part of $x$, truncated toward zero \\ %int(x)@real@integer part of $x,$ truncated toward zero X The `int` function returns the integer part of its argument, truncated X toward zero. 4 log ?expressions functions log ?functions log ?log #log(x) & any & $\log_{e} x$, natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$ \\ %log(x)@any@$ln~x$, natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$ X The `log` function returns the natural logarithm (base `e`) of its X argument. 4 log10 ?expressions functions log10 ?functions log10 ?log10 #log10(x) & any & $\log_{10} x$, logarithm (base $10$) of $x$ \\ %log10(x)@any@${log sub 10}~x$, logarithm (base $10$) of $x$ X The `log10` function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument. 4 real ?expressions functions real ?functions real ?real #real(x) & any & real part of $x$ \\ %real(x)@any@real part of $x$ X The `real` function returns the real part of its argument. 4 sgn ?expressions functions sgn ?functions sgn ?sgn #sgn(x) & any & 1 if $x>0$, -1 if $x<0$, 0 if $x=0$. imag($x$) ignored \\ %sgn(x)@any@1 if $x > 0$, -1 if $x < 0$, 0 if $x = 0$. $roman imag (x)$ ignored X The `sgn` function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if its X argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If the argument X is a complex value, the imaginary component is ignored. 4 sin ?expressions functions sin ?functions sin ?sin #sin(x) & radians & $\sin x$, sine of $x$ \\ %sin(x)@radians@$sin~x$, sine of $x$ X The `sin` function returns the sine of its argument. `sin` expects its X argument to be in radians. 4 sinh ?expressions functions sinh ?functions sinh ?sinh #sinh(x) & radians & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ \\ %sinh(x)@radians@$sinh~x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ X The `sinh` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument. `sinh` X expects its argument to be in radians. 4 sqrt ?expressions functions sqrt ?functions sqrt ?sqrt #sqrt(x) & any & $\sqrt{x}$, square root of $x$ \\ %sqrt(x)@any@$sqrt x $, square root of $x$ X The `sqrt` function returns the square root of its argument. 4 tan ?expressions functions tan ?functions tan ?tan #tan(x) & radians & $\tan x$, tangent of $x$ \\ %tan(x)@radians@$tan~x$, tangent of $x$ X The `tan` function returns the tangent of its argument. `tan` expects X its argument to be in radians. 4 tanh ?expressions functions tanh ?functions tanh ?tanh #tanh(x) & radians & $\tanh x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$\\ %tanh(x)@radians@$tanh~x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$ X The `tanh` function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument. X `tanh` expects its argument to be in radians. @end table 3 operators ?expressions operators ?operators X The operators in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding operators X in the C programming language, except that all operators accept X integer, real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. X The ** operator (exponentiation) is supported, as in FORTRAN. X X Parentheses may be used to change order of evaluation. 4 binary ?expressions operators binary ?operators binary ?binary X The following is a list of all the binary operators and their X usages: X @start table - first is interactive cleartext form X Symbol Example Explanation X ** a**b exponentiation X * a*b multiplication X / a/b division X % a%b * modulo X + a+b addition X - a-b subtraction X == a==b equality X != a!=b inequality X & a&b * bitwise AND X ^ a^b * bitwise exclusive OR X | a|b * bitwise inclusive OR X && a&&b * logical AND X || a||b * logical OR X ?: a?b:c * ternary operation #\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Binary Operators} \\ #Symbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline #\verb~**~ & \verb~a**b~ & exponentiation\\ #\verb~*~ & \verb~a*b~ & multiplication\\ #\verb~/~ & \verb~a/b~ & division\\ #\verb~%~ & \verb~a%b~ & * modulo\\ #\verb~+~ & \verb~a+b~ & addition\\ #\verb~-~ & \verb~a-b~ & subtraction\\ #\verb~==~ & \verb~a==b~ & equality\\ #\verb~!=~ & \verb~a!=b~ & inequality\\ #\verb~&~ & \verb~a&b~ & * bitwise AND\\ #\verb~^~ & \verb~a^b~ & * bitwise exclusive OR\\ #\verb~|~ & \verb~a|b~ & * bitwise inclusive OR\\ #\verb~&&~ & \verb~a&&b~ & * logical AND\\ #\verb~||~ & \verb~a||b~ & * logical OR\\ #\verb~?:~ & \verb~a?b:c~ & * ternary operation\\ %Symbol@Example@Explanation %_ %**@a**b@exponentiation %*@a*b@multiplication %/@a/b@division %%@a%b@* modulo %+@a+b@addition %-@a-b@subtraction %==@a==b@equality %!=@a!=b@inequality %&@a&b@* bitwise AND %^@a^b@* bitwise exclusive OR %|@a|b@* bitwise inclusive OR %&&@a&&b@* logical AND %||@a||b@* logical OR %?:@a?b:c@* ternary operation X @end table X (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires X integer arguments. X X Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) short-circuit the way they do in C. X That is, the second && operand is not evaluated if the first is X false; the second || operand is not evaluated if the first is true. X X The ternary operator evaluates its first argument (a). If it is X true (non-zero) the second argument (b) is evaluated and returned, X otherwise the third argument (c) is evaluated and returned. 4 unary ?expressions operators unary ?operators unary ?unary X The following is a list of all the unary operators and their X usages: X @start table - first is interactive cleartext form X Symbol Example Explanation X - -a unary minus X ~ ~a * one's complement X ! !a * logical negation X ! a! * factorial #\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Unary Operators}\\ #Symbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline #\verb@-@ & \verb@-a@ & unary minus \\ #\verb@~@ & \verb@~a@ & * one's complement \\ #\verb@!@ & \verb@!a@ & * logical negation \\ #\verb@!@ & \verb@a!@ & * factorial \\ %-@-a@unary minus %~@~a@* one's complement %!@!a@* logical negation %!@a!@* factorial X @end table X (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires an X integer argument. X X The factorial operator returns a real number to allow a greater range. 2 help ?help X The `help` command displays on-line help. To specify information on a X particular topic use the syntax: X X help {<topic>} X X If <topic> is not specified, a short message is printed about X GNUPLOT. After help for the requested topic is given, help for a X subtopic may be requested by typing its name, extending the help X request. After that subtopic has been printed, the request may be X extended again, or simply pressing return goes back one level to the X previous topic. Eventually, the GNUPLOT command line will return. 2 load ?load X The `load` command executes each line of the specified input file as X if it had been typed in interactively. Files created by the `save` X command can later be `load`ed. Any text file containing valid X commands can be created and then executed by the `load` command. X Files being `load`ed may themselves contain `load` commands. See X `comment` for information about comments in commands. X X The `load` command must be the last command on the line. X X Syntax: X load "<input-file>" X X The name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes. X X Examples: X X load 'work.gnu' X load "func.dat" X X The `load` command is performed implicitly on any file names given as X arguments to GNUPLOT. These are loaded in the order specified, and X then GNUPLOT exits. 2 pause ?pause X The `pause` command displays any text associated with the command and X then waits a specified amount of time or until the carriage return is X pressed. `pause` is especially useful in conjunction with `load` files. X X Syntax: X pause <time> {"<string>"} X X <time> may be any integer constant or expression. Choosing -1 will X wait until a carriage return is hit, zero (0) won't pause at all, and X a positive integer will wait the specified number of seconds. X X Note: Since `pause` is not part of the plot it may interact with X different device drivers differently (depending upon how text and X graphics are mixed). X X Examples: X pause -1 # Wait until a carriage return is hit X pause 3 # Wait three seconds X pause -1 "Hit return to continue" X pause 10 "Isn't this pretty? It's a cubic-spline." X 2 plot ?plot ?splot X `plot` and `splot` are the primary commands of the program. They plot X functions and data in many, many ways. `plot` is used to plot 2-d X functions and data, while `splot` plots 3-d surfaces and data. X X Syntax: X X plot {ranges} <function> {title} {style} X {, <function> {title} {style}...} X X splot {ranges} <function> {title} {style} X {, <function> {title} {style}...} X X where <function> is either a mathematical expression, the name of a X data file enclosed in quotes, or a pair (`plot`) or triple (`splot`) X of mathematical expressions in the case of parametric functions. X User-defined functions and variables may also be defined here. X X `plot` and `splot` commands can be as simple as X X plot sin(x) X X and X X splot x * y X X or as complex as (!) X X plot [t=1:10] [-pi:pi*2] tan(t),"data.1" with lines,t**2 with points 3 data-file ?plot datafile ?plot data-file ?splot datafile ?splot data-file ?datafile ?data-file ?data X Discrete data contained in a file can displayed by specifying the X name of the data file (enclosed in quotes) on the `plot` or `splot` X command line. Data files should contain one data point per line. X Lines beginning with # (or ! on VMS) will be treated as comments X and ignored. For `plot`s, each data point represents an (x,y) X pair. For `splot`s, each point is an (x,y,z) triple. For `plot`s with X error bars (see `plot errorbars`), each data point is either X (x,y,ydelta) or (x,y,ylow,yhigh). In all cases, the numbers on each X line of a data file must be separated by blank space. This blank X space divides each line into columns. X X For `plot`s the x value may be omitted, and for `splot`s the x X and y values may be omitted. In either case the omitted values are X assigned the current coordinate number. Coordinate numbers start at 0 X and are incremented for each data point read. X X To specify other formats, see `plot datafile using`. X X In the `plot` command, blank lines in the data file cause a break in X the plot. There will be no line drawn between the preceding and X following points if the plot style is `lines` or `linespoints` (see X `plot style`). This does not change the plot style, as would plotting X the data as separate curves. X X This example compares the data in the file population.dat to a X theoretical curve: X X pop(x) = 103*exp((1965-x)/10) X plot [1960:1990] 'population.dat', pop(x) X X The file population.dat might contain: X X # Gnu population in Antarctica since 1965 X 1965 103 X 1970 55 X 1975 34 X 1980 24 X 1985 10 X X When a data file is plotted, `samples` and `iso_samples` are ignored. X Curves plotted using the `plot` command are automatically extended to X hold the entire curve. Similarly grid data plotted using the `splot` X command is automatically extended, using the assumption that isolines X are separated by blank lines (a line with only a CR/LF in it). X X Implicitly, there are two types of 3-d datafiles. If all the isolines X are of the same length, the data is assumed to be a grid data, i.e., X the data has a grid topology. Cross isolines in the other parametric X direction (the ith cross isoline passes thru the ith point of all the X provided isolines) will also be drawn for grid data. (Note contouring X is available for grid data only.) If all the isolines are not of the X same length, no cross isolines will be drawn and contouring that data X is impossible. X X For splot if 3-d datafile and using format (see `splot datafile using`) X specify only z (height field), a non parametric mode must be specified. X If, on the other hand, x, y, and z are all specified, a parametric X mode should be selected (see `set parametric`) since data is defining a X parametric surface. X X A simple example of plotting a 3-d data file is X X splot 'glass.dat' X X For more information about 3-d plotting, see `splot`. 4 using ?plot datafile using ?plot data-file using ?splot datafile using ?splot data-file using ?using X The format of data within a file can be selected with the `using` X option. An explicit scanf string can be used, or simpler column X choices can be made. X X Syntax: X X plot "datafile" { using { <ycol> | X <xcol>:<ycol> | X <xcol>:<ycol>:<ydelta> | X <xcol>:<ycol>:<ylow>:<yhigh> } X {"<scanf string>"} } ... X X and X X splot "datafile" { using { <xcol>:<ycol>:<zcol> | <zcol> } X {"<scanf string>"} } ... X X <xcol>, <ycol>, and <zcol> explicitly select the columns to plot from X a space or tab separated multicolumn data file. If only <ycol> is X selected for `plot`, <xcol> defaults to 1. If only <zcol> is selected X for `splot`, then only that column is read from the file. An <xcol> of X 0 forces <ycol> to be plotted versus its coordinate number. <xcol>, X <ycol>, and <zcol> can be entered as constants or expressions. X X If errorbars (see also `plot errorbars`) are used for `plot`s, X ydelta (for example, a +/- error) should be provided as the third X column, or ylow and yhigh as third and fourth columns. These columns X must follow the x and y columns. X X Scanf strings override any <xcol>:<ycol>(:<zcol>) choices, except for X ordering of input, e.g., X plot "datafile" using 2:1 "%f%*f%f" X causes the first column to be y and the third column to be x. X X If the scanf string is omitted, the default is generated based on the X <xcol>:<ycol>(:<zcol>) choices. If the `using` option is omitted, "%f%f" X is used for `plot` ("%f%f%f%f" for `errorbar` `plot`s) and "%f%f%f" is X used for `splot`. X X Examples: X X plot "MyData" using "%*f%f%*20[^\n]%f" with lines X X Data are read from the file "MyData" using the format X "%*f%f%*20[^\n]%f". The meaning of this format is: "%*f" ignore the X first number, "%f" then read in the second and assign to x, X "%*20[^\n]" then ignore 20 non-newline characters, "%f" then read in X the y value. X X n=3; X plot "MyData", "MyData" using n X X causes GNUPLOT to plot the second and third columns of MyData versus X the first column. The command 'n=4; replot' would then plot the second X and fourth columns of MyData versus the first column. X X splot "glass.dat" using 1 X X causes GNUPLOT to plot the first coordinate of the points of glass.dat X as the z coordinate while ignoring the other two coordinates. X X Note: GNUPLOT first reads a line of the data file into a buffer and X then does a X sscanf(input_buffer, scanf_string, &x, &y{, &z}); X where 'x', 'y', and 'z' are of type 'float'. Any scanf string that X specifies two (three for `splot`, three or four for `errorbars`) float X numbers may be used. 3 errorbars ?plot errorbars ?errorbars X Error bars are supported for 2-d data file plots by reading one or X two additional columns specifying ydelta or ylow and yhigh X respectively. No support exists for x error bars or any error bars X for `splot`s. X X In the default situation, GNUPLOT expects to see three or four X numbers on each line of the data file, either (x, y, ydelta) or X (x, y, ylow, yhigh). The x coordinate must be specified. The order X of the numbers must be exactly as given above. Data files in this X format can easily be plotted with error bars: X X plot "data.dat" with errorbars X X The error bar is a vertical line plotted from (x, ylow) to (x, X yhigh). If ydelta is specified instead of ylow and yhigh, X ylow=y-ydelta and yhigh=y+ydelta are derived. If there X are only two numbers on the line, yhigh and ylow are both set to X y. To get lines plotted between the data points, `plot` the X data file twice, once with errorbars and once with lines. X X If y autoscaling is on, the y range will be adjusted to fit the X error bars. X X The `using` option may be used to specify how columns of the data file X are to be assigned to x, y, ydelta, ylow, and yhigh. The x column must X be provided and both the x and y columns must appear before the X errorbar columns. If three column numbers are given, they are x, y, X and ydelta. If four columns are given, they are x, y, ylow, and X yhigh. X X Examples: X X plot "data.dat" using 1:2:3:4 with errorbars X plot "data.dat" using 3:2:6 with errorbars X plot "data.dat" using 3:4:8:7 with errorbars X X The first example reads, x, y, ylow, and yhigh, from columns 1, 2, 3, X and 4. This is equivalent to the default. The second example reads x X from the third column, y from second and ydelta from the sixth column. X The third example reads x from the third column, y from the fourth, X ylow from the eighth, and yhigh from seventh columns. X X See also `plot using` and `plot style`. 3 parametric ?plot parametric ?splot parametric ?parametric X When in parametric mode (`set parametric`) mathematical expressions must X be given in pairs for `plot` and in triplets for `splot`: X plot sin(t),t**2 X or X splot cos(u)*cos(v),cos(u)*sin(v),sin(u) X X Data files are plotted as before, except any preceding parametric X function must be fully specified before a data file is given as a X plot. In other words, the x parametric function (sin(t) above) and X the y parametric function (t**2 above) must not be interrupted with X any modifiers or data functions; doing so will generate a syntax error X stating that the parametric function is not fully specified. X X Ranges take on a different meaning when in parametric mode. The first X range on the `plot` command is the `trange`, the next is the `xrange`, X and the last is the `yrange`. For `splot` the order is `urange`, X `vrange`, `xrange`, `yrange`, and finally `zrange`. The following X `plot` command shows setting the `trange` to [-pi:pi], the `xrange` to X [-1.3:1.3] and the `yrange` to [-1:1] for the duration of the plot: X plot [-pi:pi] [-1.3:1.3] [-1:1] sin(t),t**2 X X Other modifiers, such as `with` and `title`, may be specified only X after the parametric function has been completed: X plot sin(t),t**2 title 'Parametric example' with linespoints 3 ranges ?splot ranges ?plot ranges ?ranges X The optional range specifies the region of the plot that will be X displayed. X X Ranges may be provided on the `plot` and `splot` command line and X affect only that plot, or in the `set xrange`, `set yrange`, etc., X commands, to change the default ranges for future plots. X X Syntax: X [{<dummy-var> =} {<xmin> : <xmax>}] { [{<ymin> : <ymax>}] } X X where <dummy-var> is the independent variable (the defaults are x and X y, but this may be changed with `set dummy`) and the min and max X terms can be constant expressions. X X Both the min and max terms are optional. The ':' is also optional X if neither a min nor a max term is specified. This allows '[ ]' to X be used as a null range specification. X X Specifying a range in the `plot` command line turns autoscaling for X that axis off for that plot. Using one of the `set` range commands X turns autoscaling off for that axis for future plots, unless changed X later. (See `set autoscale`). X X Examples: X X This uses the current ranges: X plot cos(x) X X This sets the x range only: X plot [-10:30] sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) X X This is the same, but uses t as the dummy-variable: X plot [t = -10 :30] sin(pi*t)/(pi*t) X X This sets both the x and y ranges: X plot [-pi:pi] [-3:3] tan(x), 1/x X X This sets only the y range, and turns off autoscaling on both axes: X plot [ ] [-2:sin(5)*-8] sin(x)**besj0(x) X X This sets xmax and ymin only: X plot [:200] [-pi:] exp(sin(x)) X X This sets the x, y, and z ranges: X splot [0:3] [1:4] [-1:1] x*y 3 style ?plot style ?splot style ?style ?plot with ?with X Plots may be displayed in one of six styles: `lines`, `points`, X `linespoints`, `impulses`, `dots`, or `errorbars`. The `lines` style X connects adjacent points with lines. The `points` style displays a X small symbol at each point. The `linespoints` style does both X `lines` and `points`. The `impulses` style displays a vertical line X from the x axis (or from the grid base for `splot`) to each point. The X `dots` style plots a tiny dot at each point; this is useful for X scatter plots with many points. X X The `errorbars` style is only relevant to 2-d data file plotting. It X is treated like `points` for `splot`s and function `plot`s. For data X `plot`s, `errorbars` is like `points`, except that a vertical error X bar is also drawn: for each point (x,y), a line is drawn from X (x,ylow) to (x,yhigh). A tic mark is placed at the ends of the error X bar. The ylow and yhigh values are read from the data file's columns, X as specified with the `using` option to plot. See `plot errorbars` for X more information. X X Default styles are chosen with the `set function style` and X `set data style` commands. X X By default, each function and data file will use a different X line type and point type, up to the maximum number of available X types. All terminal drivers support at least six different point X types, and re-use them, in order, if more than six are required. X The LaTeX driver supplies an additional six point types (all variants X of a circle), and thus will only repeat after twelve curves are X plotted with points. X X If desired, the style and (optionally) the line type and point type X used for a curve can be specified. X X Syntax: X X with <style> {<linetype> {<pointtype>}} X X where <style> is either `lines`, `points`, `linespoints`, `impulses`, SHAR_EOF true || echo 'restore of gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc failed' fi echo 'End of part 8' echo 'File gnuplot/docs/gnuplot.doc is continued in part 9' echo 9 > _shar_seq_.tmp exit 0 exit 0 # Just in case... -- Kent Landfield INTERNET: kent@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM Sterling Software, IMD UUCP: uunet!sparky!kent Phone: (402) 291-8300 FAX: (402) 291-4362 Please send comp.sources.misc-related mail to kent@uunet.uu.net.