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  1. 241 y Fd(opendir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(DIRNAME)p Fd(\))472
  2. 297 y Fj(Opens)h(a)f(directory)g(on)h(the)f(handle)g(speci\256ed.)354
  3. 362 y Fd(readdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 418 y(Returns)h(the)f
  4. (next)g(entry)g(\(or)h(an)g(array)g(of)f(entries\))h(in)f(the)g(directory)m
  5. (.)354 483 y Fd(rewinddir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  6. 540 y(Positions)f(the)i(directory)f(to)g(the)g(beginning.)354
  7. 604 y Fd(seekdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(\))472
  8. 661 y Fj(Sets)h(position)e(for)h(readdir)h(on)f(the)g(directory)m(.)354
  9. 725 y Fd(telldir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 782 y(Returns)h(the)f
  10. (postion)f(in)h(the)g(directory)m(.)355 905 y Fl(15.)19 b(Input)i(/)e(Output)
  11. p 355 926 V 354 1027 a Fj(In)12 b(input/output)c(operations,)k
  12. Ff(FILEHANDLE)e Fj(may)h(be)h(a)f(\256lehandle)h(as)f(opened)h(by)f(the)354
  13. 1083 y Fd(open)i Fj(operator)n(,)f(or)g(a)f(scalar)h(variable)g(which)f
  14. (evaluates)g(to)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(a)g(\256lehandle)f(to)354
  15. 1140 y(be)h(used.)354 1204 y Fd(binmode\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  16. Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1261 y(Arranges)g(for)g(the)f(\256le)h(opened)f(on)g
  17. Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(to)g(be)g(read)h(in)f(\252binary\272)h(mode)472
  18. 1317 y(as)g(opposed)f(to)f(\252text\272)i(mode)f(\(MS-DOS)h(only\).)354
  19. 1382 y Fd(close\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1438 y(Closes)g(the)f
  20. (\256le)h(or)f(pipe)g(associated)g(with)g(the)g(\256le)h(handle.)354
  21. 1503 y Fd(dbmclose\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  22. 1560 y(Breaks)h(the)e(binding)f(between)h(the)h(array)g(and)f(the)g(dbm)g
  23. (\256le.)354 1624 y Fd(dbmopen\()p Fi(\045)r Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p
  24. Fd(,)p Ff(DBMNAME)p Fd(,)d Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472 1681 y Fj(Binds)j(a)h(dbm)f
  25. (or)g(ndbm)g(\256le)g(to)g(the)h(associative)e(array)m(.)j(If)f(the)f
  26. (database)h(does)f(not)472 1737 y(exist,)h(it)e(is)h(created)h(with)f(the)g
  27. (indicated)g(mode.)354 1802 y Fd(eof\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472
  28. 1859 y Fj(Returns)h(1)f(if)g(the)h(next)f(read)h(will)e(return)i(end)f(of)g
  29. (\256le,)i(or)e(if)g(the)h(\256le)f(is)g(not)g(open.)354 1923
  30. y Fd(eof)56 b Fj(Returns)12 b(the)f(eof)h(status)e(for)i(the)f(last)g(\256le)
  31. h(read.)354 1988 y Fd(eof\()g(\))472 2045 y Fj(Indicates)g(eof)f(on)h(the)f
  32. (pseudo)f(\256le)i(formed)g(of)f(the)g(\256les)h(listed)e(on)h(the)g(command)
  33. 472 2101 y(line.)354 2166 y Fd(fcntl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  34. Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)o Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(\))472 2222 y Fj(Implements)f(the)
  35. i Fc(fcntl)p Fj(\(2\))f(function.)g(This)f(function)h(has)g(non-standard)g
  36. (return)472 2279 y(values.)h(See)g(the)g(manual)e(for)i(details.)354
  37. 2343 y Fd(\256leno\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2400
  38. y(Returns)g(the)f(\256le)h(descriptor)f(for)h(a)f(given)g(\(open\))h(\256le.)
  39. 354 2465 y Fd(\257ock\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPERA)m(TION)p
  40. Fd(\))472 2521 y Fj(Calls)f Fc(\257ock)q Fj(\(2\))g(on)g(the)g(\256le.)g
  41. Ff(OPERA)m(TION)g Fj(adds)f(from)h(1)g(\(shared\),)g(2)g(\(exclusive\),)g(4)
  42. 472 2578 y(\(non-blocking\))g(or)g(8)g(\(unlock\).)354 2642
  43. y Fd(getc)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  44. 2699 y(Y)m(ields)h(the)f(next)g(character)i(from)e(the)g(\256le,)h(or)g
  45. Fi("")g Fj(on)f(EOF)l(.)h(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 2755
  46. y(omitted,)g(reads)h(from)f Fi(STDIN)p Fj(.)354 2820 y Fd(ioctl\()p
  47. Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)n Ff(V)m(AR)p
  48. Fd(\))472 2876 y Fj(performs)h Fc(ioctl)p Fj(\(2\))f(on)g(the)g(\256le.)h
  49. (This)f(function)f(has)i(non-standard)e(return)i(values.)472
  50. 2933 y(See)h(the)e(manual)g(for)h(details.)p 354 3018 1512
  51. 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(9)p eop
  52. %%Page: 10 12
  53. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  54. 3 v 354 -12 a Fd(open\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(FILENAME)p
  55. Fj(])p Fd(\))472 45 y Fj(Opens)f(a)f(\256le)h(and)f(associates)g(it)g(with)g
  56. Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(.)g(If)g Ff(FILENAME)f Fj(is)h(omitted,)472
  57. 101 y(the)h(scalar)g(variable)f(of)h(the)f(same)g(name)g(as)h(the)f
  58. Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(must)h(contain)f(the)472 158 y(\256lename.)472
  59. 222 y(The)i(following)e(\256lename)i(conventions)e(apply)h(when)g(opening)f
  60. (a)i(\256le.)472 287 y Fi(")p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")95 b Fj(open)11
  61. b Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(input.)e(Also)h Fi("<)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")p
  62. Fj(.)472 352 y Fi(">)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")68 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  63. Fj(for)h(output,)e(creating)i(it)e(if)i(necessary)m(.)472 417
  64. y Fi(">>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(in)g(append)g(mode.)
  65. 472 482 y Fi("+>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  66. Fj(with)g(read/write)g(access.)472 546 y Fi("|)q Ff(CMD)p Fi(")60
  67. b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(to)g(command)g Ff(CMD)p Fj(.)472
  68. 611 y Fi(")p Ff(CMD)p Fi(|)q(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(from)h(command)e
  69. Ff(CMD)p Fj(.)472 676 y Ff(FILE)i Fj(may)f(be)g Fi(&)p Ff(FILEHND)g
  70. Fj(in)g(which)g(case)h(the)g(new)f(\256le)h(handle)f(is)g(connected)g(to)472
  71. 732 y(the)h(\(previously)e(opened\))i(\256lehandle)f Ff(FILEHND)p
  72. Fj(.)472 797 y Fd(open)i Fj(returns)e(1)g(upon)g(success,)h
  73. Fd(undef)g Fj(otherwise,)g(except)f(for)h(pipes.)f(The)472
  74. 853 y(parentheses)h(may)f(be)g(omitted,)g(if)g(only)g(a)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  75. Fj(is)g(speci\256ed.)354 918 y Fd(pipe\()p Ff(READHANDLE)p
  76. Fd(,)p Ff(WRITEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 975 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(pair)f(of)g
  77. (connected)h(pipes.)354 1039 y Fd(print)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p
  78. Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])p Ff(LIST)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1096
  79. y(Prints)f(a)h(string)f(or)g(a)h(comma-separated)f(list)f(of)i(strings.)e(If)
  80. i Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 1152 y(omitted,)g(prints)f(by)h(default)h(to)e
  81. (standard)i(output)e(\(or)h(to)g(the)h(last)e(selected)i(output)472
  82. 1209 y(channel)g(-)f(see)h Fd(select)p Fj(\).)354 1274 y Fd(printf)p
  83. Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])f Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p
  84. Fj(*])472 1330 y(Equivalent)g(to)g Fd(print)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  85. Fd(sprintf\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(.)354 1395 y Fd(read\()p
  86. Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p
  87. Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 1451 y Fj(Read)i
  88. Ff(LENGTH)e Fj(binary)h(bytes)e(from)i(the)f(\256le)h(into)e(the)h(variable)h
  89. (at)f Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)472 1508 y(Returns)h(number)f(of)g(bytes)g(actually)g
  90. (read.)354 1572 y Fd(seek\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POSITION)p
  91. Fd(,)p Ff(WHENCE)p Fd(\))472 1629 y Fj(Arbitrarily)g(positions)f(the)h
  92. (\256le.)h(Returns)f(1)h(upon)e(success,)i(0)f(otherwise.)354
  93. 1694 y Fd(select)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  94. 1750 y(Returns)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(\256lehandle.)g(Sets)f(the)h
  95. (current)f(default)g(\256lehandle)472 1807 y(for)h(output)e(operations)h(if)g
  96. Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g(supplied.)354 1871 y Fd(select\()p
  97. Ff(RBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(WBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(NBITS)p Fd(,)o Ff(TIMEOUT)p
  98. Fd(\))472 1928 y Fj(Performs)h(a)g Fc(select)p Fj(\(2\))g(system)e(call)i
  99. (with)e(the)h(same)h(parameters.)354 1993 y Fd(sprintf\()p
  100. Ff(FORMA)m(T)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 2049 y Fj(Returns)g(a)g(string)e
  101. (formatted)h(by)g(\(almost)f(all)i(of\))f(the)g(usual)g(printf)g
  102. (conventions.)354 2114 y Fd(sysread\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  103. Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p
  104. Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2170 y Fj(Reads)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)f(into)g
  105. Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)g Fj(at)g Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2235 y Fd(syswrite\()p
  106. Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p
  107. Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2291 y Fj(W)n(rites)h Ff(LENGTH)g
  108. Fj(bytes)e(from)i Ff(SCALAR)e Fj(at)h Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354
  109. 2356 y Fd(tell)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472
  110. 2413 y(Returns)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)g(position)d(for)j(the)f(\256le.)h
  111. (If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)f(omitted,)472 2469 y(assumes)h(the)g(\256le)h
  112. (last)f(read.)354 2534 y Fd(write)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  113. Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2590 y(W)n(rites)h(a)f(formatted)g(record)h(to)f(the)h
  114. (speci\256ed)f(\256le,)i(using)d(the)h(format)g(associated)472
  115. 2647 y(with)g(that)g(\256le.)h(See)g(\252Formats\272.)p 354
  116. 3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg(10)p eop
  117. %%Page: 11 13
  118. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  119. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(16.)19 b(Search)i(and)g(replace)f(functions)p
  120. 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj([)p Ff(EXPR)11 b Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h([)p
  121. Fd(m)p Fj(])p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p
  122. Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 176 y(Searches)h Ff(EXPR)e
  123. Fj(\(default:)g Fi($_)p Fj(\))h(for)g(a)f(pattern.)h(If)g(you)f(prepend)g(an)
  124. h Fd(m)f Fj(you)g(can)h(use)472 232 y(almost)f(any)g(pair)g(of)h(characters)g
  125. (as)g(delimiters.)e(If)i(used)f(in)g(array)h(context,)g(an)f(array)472
  126. 289 y(is)g(returned)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(subexpressions)f(matched)h(by)g
  127. (the)g(parentheses)h(in)472 345 y(pattern,)g(i.e.)g Fi(\($1,$2,$3)q(,.)q
  128. (..\))q Fj(.)472 402 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(matches)f(as)h
  129. (many)e(times)h(as)g(possible;)f Fd(i)h Fj(searches)h(in)f(a)472
  130. 458 y(case-insensitive)g(manner;)g Fd(o)h Fj(interpolates)e(variables)i(only)
  131. e(once.)472 515 y(If)i Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  132. (recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 571
  133. y(replacement)h(is)f(used.)472 628 y(W)n(ith)g Fd(g)h Fj(the)f(match)g(can)h
  134. (be)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(iterator)f(in)g(scalar)h(context.)354
  135. 692 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)472 749 y Fj(This)f(is)g(just)f(like)h
  136. (the)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(search,)h(except)e(that)g(it)g
  137. (matches)g(only)g(once)472 805 y(between)h(calls)f(to)g(the)g(reset)h
  138. (operator)m(.)g(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  139. (recent)472 862 y(pattern)h(from)f(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)h(replacement)f
  140. (is)g(used.)354 926 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h
  141. Fd(s)p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENT)p Fi(/)p
  142. Fj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(e)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p
  143. Fj(])472 983 y(Searches)h(a)f(string)e(for)i(a)g(pattern,)f(and)h(if)f
  144. (found,)g(replaces)h(that)f(pattern)g(with)g(the)472 1039 y(replacement)h
  145. (text)f(and)g(returns)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(substitutions)d(made.)k
  146. (Otherwise)f(it)472 1096 y(returns)h(false.)472 1152 y(Optional)f
  147. (modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(replaces)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(pattern;)
  148. g Fd(e)g Fj(interprets)g(the)472 1209 y(replacement)h(string)e(as)i(an)f
  149. (expression;)g Fd(i)g Fj(and)g Fd(o)h Fj(as)f(with)g Fi(/)p
  150. Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(matching.)472 1265 y(Almost)e(any)i(delimiter)e
  151. (may)h(replace)h(the)f(slashes;)g(if)g(single)g(quotes)f(are)j(used,)e(no)472
  152. 1322 y(interpretation)g(is)g(done)g(on)g(the)g(replacement)h(string.)472
  153. 1378 y(If)g(bracketing)f(quotes)g(are)h(used,)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  154. Fj(and)g Ff(REPLACEMENT)f Fj(may)h(have)472 1434 y(their)h(own)f(delimiters,)
  155. f(e.g.)i Fi(s\(foo\)[b)q(ar])q Fj(.)472 1491 y(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  156. Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e
  157. (match)h(or)472 1547 y(replacement)h(is)f(used.)354 1612 y
  158. Fd(study)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  159. Fj(*])472 1669 y(Study)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)f
  160. Fj(in)g(anticipation)f(of)h(doing)g(many)g(pattern)g(matches)472
  161. 1725 y(on)h(the)f(contents)f(before)i(it)f(is)g(next)g(modi\256ed.)354
  162. 1790 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(tr)p Fi(/)p
  163. Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENTLIST)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(c)p
  164. Fj(][)p Fd(d)p Fj(][)p Fd(s)p Fj(])472 1846 y(T)n(ranslates)g(all)f
  165. (occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(characters)i(found)e(in)f(the)i(search)g(list)e
  166. (with)h(the)472 1903 y(corresponding)g(character)i(in)e(the)g(replacement)h
  167. (list.)e(It)i(returns)f(the)g(number)g(of)472 1959 y(characters)i(replaced.)f
  168. Fd(y)g Fj(may)f(be)g(used)h(instead)e(of)i Fd(tr)p Fj(.)472
  169. 2016 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(c)i Fj(complements)e(the)h
  170. Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)f Fd(d)h Fj(deletes)h(all)472 2072 y(characters)h(not)e
  171. (found)g(in)g Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)e Fd(s)j Fj(squeezes)g(all)f(sequences)g
  172. (of)472 2129 y(characters)i(that)e(are)h(translated)f(into)f(the)i(same)f
  173. (tar)o(get)g(character)i(into)e(one)472 2185 y(occurrence)i(of)f(this)e
  174. (character)m(.)355 2417 y Fl(17.)19 b(System)i(interaction)p
  175. 355 2438 V 354 2539 a Fd(alarm\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  176. 2595 y(Schedules)12 b(a)g Fi(SIGALRM)i Fj(to)d(be)g(delivered)h(after)g
  177. Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds.)354 2660 y Fd(chdir)i Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  178. Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2716 y(Changes)g(the)f(working)g(directory)m(,)h
  179. Fi($ENV{"HOME)q("})j Fj(if)c Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)f(omitted.)354
  180. 2781 y Fd(chroot\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  181. 2837 y(Changes)i(the)f(root)g(directory)h(for)f(the)g(process)h(and)f(its)g
  182. (children.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(11)p eop
  183. %%Page: 12 14
  184. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  185. 3 v 354 -12 a Fd(die)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  186. 45 y(Prints)e(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(to)e Fi(STDERR)k
  187. Fj(and)e(exits)e(with)h(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h Fi($!)472
  188. 101 y Fj(\(errno\).)h(If)f Fi($!)g Fj(is)f(0,)h(exits)e(with)h(the)g(value)g
  189. (of)h Fi(\($?)28 b(>>)h(8\))p Fj(.)12 b(If)g Fi(\($?)29 b(>>)f(8\))12
  190. b Fj(is)472 158 y(0,)g(exits)f(with)f(255.)i Ff(LIST)f Fj(defaults)g(to)g
  191. Fi("Died.")p Fj(.)354 222 y Fd(exec\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  192. 279 y(Executes)h(the)f(system)f(command)h(in)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(;)f(does)i(not)e
  193. (return.)354 344 y Fd(exit\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 400
  194. y(Exits)h(immediately)e(with)i(the)g(value)h(of)f Fi(EXPR)p
  195. Fj(.)354 465 y Fd(fork)40 b Fj(Does)12 b(a)f Fc(fork)q Fj(\(2\))g(system)g
  196. (call.)g(Returns)h(the)f(child)g(pid)g(to)f(the)i(parent)f(process)h(and)472
  197. 521 y(zero)g(to)f(the)h(child)e(process.)354 586 y Fd(getlogin)472
  198. 643 y Fj(Returns)i(the)f(current)h(login)e(name)h(as)h(known)f(by)g(the)g
  199. (system.)354 707 y Fd(getpgrp)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(\))p
  200. Fj(*])472 764 y(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(group)g(for)h(process)f
  201. Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0,)h(or)f(omitted,)g(means)g(the)g(current)472
  202. 820 y(process\).)354 885 y Fd(getppid)472 941 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(process)g
  203. (id)g(of)h(the)f(parent)h(process.)354 1006 y Fd(getpriority\()p
  204. Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(\))472 1063 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(current)h
  205. (priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h(group,)f(or)h(user)m(.)354
  206. 1127 y Fd(kill\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1184 y(Sends)g(a)g(signal)e(to)
  207. h(a)h(list)e(of)h(processes.)h(The)g(\256rst)f(element)g(of)h(the)f(list)f
  208. (must)g(be)i(the)472 1240 y(signal)f(to)g(send)g(\(numeric,)h(or)f(its)g
  209. (name)g(as)g(a)h(string\).)354 1305 y Fd(setpgrp\()p Ff(PID)p
  210. Fd(,)p Ff(PGRP)p Fd(\))472 1362 y Fj(Sets)g(the)f(process)h(group)e(for)i
  211. (the)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0)g(=)h(current)f(process\).)354 1426
  212. y Fd(setpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(,)p Ff(PRIO)p
  213. Fd(\))472 1483 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f
  214. (process)h(group,)f(or)h(a)f(user)m(.)354 1548 y Fd(sleep)p
  215. Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1604 y(Causes)h(the)f(script)g(to)
  216. f(sleep)h(for)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds,)h(or)g(forever)h(if)g(no)e
  217. Ff(EXPR)p Fj(.)h(Returns)472 1660 y(the)h(number)f(of)g(seconds)g(actually)g
  218. (slept.)354 1725 y Fd(syscall\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  219. 1782 y(Calls)h(the)f(system)f(call)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(\256rst)h
  220. (element)f(of)g(the)h(list,)e(passing)h(the)g(rest)472 1838
  221. y(of)h(the)f(list)f(as)i(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(the)g(call.)354
  222. 1903 y Fd(system\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1959 y(Does)h(exactly)f(the)g
  223. (same)g(thing)g(as)g Fd(exec)h Ff(LIST)f Fj(except)h(that)f(a)g(fork)h(is)f
  224. (done)g(\256rst,)472 2016 y(and)h(the)f(parent)h(process)f(waits)g(for)g(the)
  225. h(child)e(process)i(to)f(complete.)354 2081 y Fd(times)472
  226. 2137 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(4-element)f(array)h(\()p Fi($)p Fj(user)n(,)h
  227. Fi($)p Fj(system,)e Fi($)p Fj(cuser)n(,)h Fi($)q Fj(csystem\))e(giving)h(the)
  228. 472 2193 y(user)h(and)f(system)g(times,)f(in)h(seconds,)h(for)f(this)g
  229. (process)g(and)g(the)h(children)f(of)g(this)472 2250 y(process.)354
  230. 2315 y Fd(umask)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  231. 2371 y(Sets)h(the)f(umask)g(for)g(the)h(process)f(and)g(returns)h(the)f(old)g
  232. (one.)g(If)h Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(omitted,)472 2428 y(returns)h(current)f(umask)
  233. g(value.)354 2492 y Fd(wait)37 b Fj(W)l(aits)12 b(for)f(a)h(child)f(process)g
  234. (to)g(terminate)g(and)g(returns)h(the)f(pid)g(of)g(the)g(deceased)472
  235. 2549 y(process)h(\(-1)f(if)h(none\).)g(The)f(status)f(is)h(returned)h(in)f
  236. Fi($?)p Fj(.)354 2614 y Fd(waitpid\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  237. Fd(\))472 2670 y Fj(Performs)h(the)f(same)h(function)e(as)i(the)f
  238. (corresponding)g(system)f(call.)354 2735 y Fd(warn\()p Ff(LIST)p
  239. Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2791 y(Prints)h(the)h(message)f(on)g Fi(STDERR)j
  240. Fj(like)d Fd(die)p Fj(,)g(but)g(doesn')o(t)g(exit.)p 354 3018
  241. V 1811 3065 a Fg(12)p eop
  242. %%Page: 13 15
  243. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  244. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(18.)19 b(Networking)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119
  245. a Fd(accept\()p Ff(NEWSOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(GENERICSOCKET)p Fd(\))472
  246. 176 y Fj(Accepts)12 b(a)g(new)f(socket.)354 241 y Fd(bind\()p
  247. Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y Fj(Binds)g(the)h
  248. Ff(NAME)e Fj(to)h(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 362 y Fd(connect\()p
  249. Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 418 y Fj(Connects)h(the)f
  250. Ff(NAME)f Fj(to)h(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 483 y Fd(getpeername\()p
  251. Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 540 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(socket)g(address)h(of)f(the)g
  252. (other)g(end)h(of)f(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 604 y Fd(getsockname\()p
  253. Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 661 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f(socket.)354
  254. 725 y Fd(getsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  255. Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd(\))472 782 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(socket)g(options.)354
  256. 847 y Fd(listen\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(QUEUESIZE)p Fd(\))472
  257. 903 y Fj(Starts)h(listening)e(on)h(the)g(speci\256ed)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  258. Fj(.)354 968 y Fd(recv\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p
  259. Ff(LENGTH)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 1024 y Fj(Receives)h(a)e(message)h
  260. (on)f Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1089 y Fd(send\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p
  261. Ff(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS[)p Fd(,)p Ff(T)o(O)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472
  262. 1146 y Fj(Sends)h(a)g(message)f(on)g(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354
  263. 1210 y Fd(setsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  264. Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTV)m(AL)p Fd(\))472 1267 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f
  265. (requested)h(socket)f(option.)354 1332 y Fd(shutdown\()p Ff(SOCKET)p
  266. Fd(,)p Ff(HOW)p Fd(\))472 1388 y Fj(Shuts)g(down)g(a)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  267. Fj(.)354 1453 y Fd(socket\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p
  268. Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1509 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e
  269. Ff(SOCKET)h Fj(in)f Ff(DOMAIN)f Fj(with)h Ff(TYPE)f Fj(and)i
  270. Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fj(.)354 1574 y Fd(socketpair\()p Ff(SOCKET1)p
  271. Fd(,)p Ff(SOCKET2)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  272. Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1630 y Fj(As)g(socket,)f(but)g(creates)h(a)g(pair)
  273. f(of)h(bi-directional)e(sockets.)355 1874 y Fl(19.)19 b(SystemV)i(IPC)p
  274. 355 1895 V 354 1995 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(functions)g(all)h(perform)h
  275. (the)f(same)g(action)g(as)h(the)f(corresponding)f(system)354
  276. 2052 y(calls.)354 2117 y Fd(msgctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p
  277. Fd(,)p Ff(ARGS)p Fd(\))354 2173 y(msgget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p
  278. Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2230 y(msgsnd\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p
  279. Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2286 y(msgrcv\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p
  280. Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  281. Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2342 y(semctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(SEMNUM)p
  282. Fd(,)p Ff(CM)o(D)p Fd(,)p Ff(A)o(RG)p Fd(\))354 2399 y(semget\()p
  283. Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(NSEMS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SI)o(ZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  284. Fd(\))354 2455 y(semop\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Fj(...)p Fd(\))354
  285. 2512 y(shmctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARG)p Fd(\))354
  286. 2568 y(shmget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  287. Fd(\))354 2625 y(shmread\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p
  288. Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(\))354 2681 y(shmwrite\()p
  289. Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(STRING)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
  290. Fd(\))p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(13)p eop
  291. %%Page: 14 16
  292. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  293. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(20.)19 b(Miscellaneous)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354
  294. 119 a Fd(caller)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  295. 176 y(Returns)12 b(an)f(array)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(package,)p Fi($)r
  296. Fj(\256le,)p Fi($)q Fj(line,...\))g(for)e(a)h(speci\256c)g(subroutine)e
  297. (call.)472 232 y(\252)p Fi(caller)p Fj(\272)15 b(returns)c(this)f(info)h(for)
  298. h(the)f(current)h(subroutine,)f(\252)p Fi(caller\(1\))p Fj(\272)k(for)472
  299. 289 y(the)d(caller)f(of)h(this)e(subroutine)h(etc..)354 354
  300. y Fd(de\256ned\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 410 y(T)m(ests)g(whether)h(the)
  301. f(lvalue)g Ff(EXPR)f Fj(has)i(a)f(real)h(value.)354 475 y Fd(dump)h
  302. Fj([)p Ff(LABEL)p Fj(])472 531 y(Immediate)e(core)h(dump.)f(When)g
  303. (reincarnated,)i(starts)e(at)g Ff(LABEL)p Fj(.)354 596 y Fd(local\()p
  304. Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 652 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(scope)h(for)g(the)f(listed)f
  305. (variables)h(local)h(to)e(the)i(enclosing)e(block,)472 709
  306. y(subroutine)h(or)g(eval.)354 774 y Fd(package)i Ff(NAME)472
  307. 830 y Fj(Designates)e(the)g(remainder)h(of)f(the)h(current)f(block)g(as)h(a)f
  308. (package.)354 895 y Fd(require\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  309. Fj(*)472 951 y(Includes)h(the)f(speci\256ed)h(\256le)f(from)g(the)h(perl)f
  310. (library)m(.)h(Does)f(not)g(include)g(more)g(than)472 1008
  311. y(once,)h(and)g(yields)e(a)i(fatal)g(error)g(if)f(the)g(\256le)h(does)f(not)g
  312. (include)g(OK.)354 1073 y Fd(reset)h Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p
  313. Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1129 y(Resets)g Fi(??)g Fj(searches)g(so)f(that)g(they)g
  314. (work)h(again.)f Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(single)g(letters.)472
  315. 1185 y(All)g(variables)g(and)h(arrays)g(beginning)e(with)g(one)i(of)f(those)g
  316. (letters)g(are)h(reset)g(to)f(their)472 1242 y(pristine)g(state.)g(Only)g(af)
  317. o(fects)h(the)g(current)f(package.)354 1307 y Fd(scalar\()p
  318. Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))472 1363 y Fj(Forces)i(evaluation)d(of)i Ff(EXPR)e
  319. Fj(in)h(scalar)h(context.)354 1428 y Fd(sub)h Ff(NAME)d Fi({)i
  320. Ff(EXPR)e Fi(;)i Fj(...)h Fi(})472 1484 y Fj(Designates)e Ff(NAME)g
  321. Fj(as)g(a)h(subroutine.)e(Parameters)j(are)f(passed)f(by)g(reference)i(as)472
  322. 1541 y(array)g Fi(@_)p Fj(.)f(Returns)g(the)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g
  323. (expression)f(evaluated.)354 1606 y Fd(undef)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  324. Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1662 y(Unde\256nes)i(the)f
  325. Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(.)g(Always)g(returns)g(the)g(unde\256ned)h(value.)354
  326. 1727 y Fd(wantarray)472 1783 y Fj(Returns)g(true)f(if)h(the)f(current)h
  327. (context)e(expects)i(an)f(array)i(value.)355 1906 y Fl(21.)19
  328. b(Formats)p 355 1927 V 354 2028 a Fd(format)12 b Fj([)p Ff(NAME)p
  329. Fj(])f Fi(=)354 2084 y Ff(FORMLIST)354 2141 y Fi(.)354 2206
  330. y Ff(FORMLIST)h Fj(pictures)f(the)g(lines,)g(and)g(contains)g(the)g(ar)o
  331. (guments)g(which)g(will)f(give)h(values)354 2262 y(to)g(the)g(\256elds)h(in)f
  332. (the)g(lines.)g(Picture)h(\256elds)f(are:)409 2327 y Fi(@<<<...)69
  333. b Fj(left)11 b(adjusted)g(\256eld,)h(repeat)g(the)f Fi(<)h
  334. Fj(to)f(denote)g(the)g(desired)h(width;)409 2383 y Fi(@>>>...)69
  335. b Fj(right)11 b(adjusted)f(\256eld;)409 2440 y Fi(@|)q(||)q(...)67
  336. b Fj(centered)12 b(\256eld;)409 2496 y Fi(@#.##...)42 b Fj(numeric)11
  337. b(format)g(with)g(implied)f(decimal)h(point;)409 2553 y Fi(@*)204
  338. b Fj(a)12 b(multi-line)d(\256eld.)354 2617 y(Use)j Fi(\303)g
  339. Fj(instead)e(of)i Fi(@)g Fj(for)f(multi-line)f(block)h(\256lling.)354
  340. 2682 y(Use)h Fi(\304)g Fj(at)f(the)g(beginning)f(of)i(a)f(line)g(to)g
  341. (suppress)g(unwanted)g(empty)f(lines.)354 2747 y(Use)i Fi(\304\304)g
  342. Fj(at)f(the)h(beginning)e(of)h(a)h(line)f(to)g(have)g(this)g(format)g(line)g
  343. (repeated)h(until)e(all)h(\256elds)354 2803 y(are)h(exhausted.)354
  344. 2868 y(Use)g Fi($-)g Fj(to)f(zero)h(to)f(force)h(a)g(page)f(break.)354
  345. 2933 y(See)i(also)e Fi($\303)p Fj(,)h Fi($\304)p Fj(,)h Fi($-)f
  346. Fj(and)f Fi($=)i Fj(in)e(section)f(\252Special)j(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)p
  347. 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(14)p eop
  348. %%Page: 15 17
  349. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  350. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(22.)19 b(Info)h(from)h(system)g(\256les)p 355
  351. 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(See)13 b(the)e(manual)g(about)g(return)g(values)g
  352. (in)g(scalar)h(context.)354 184 y Fg(passwd)354 241 y Fj(Returns)g(\()p
  353. Fi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(uid,)g Fi($)q
  354. Fj(gid,)g Fi($)p Fj(quota,)h Fi($)p Fj(comment,)f Fi($)p Fj(gcos,)h
  355. Fi($)p Fj(dir)n(,)g Fi($)p Fj(shell\).)354 305 y Fd(endpwent)517
  356. b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 370 y Fd(getpwent)528
  357. b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 435 y Fd(getpwnam\()p Ff(NAME)p
  358. Fd(\))356 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 500 y Fd(getpwuid\()p
  359. Ff(UID)p Fd(\))428 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(uid.)354 564
  360. y Fd(setpwent)530 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354
  361. 654 y Fg(group)354 711 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  362. Fi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(gid,)g Fi($)q Fj(members\).)354
  363. 775 y Fd(endgrent)533 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  364. 840 y Fd(getgrgid\()p Ff(GID)p Fd(\))442 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(group)g
  365. (id.)354 905 y Fd(getgrnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))372 b Fj(Gets)11
  366. b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 970 y Fd(getgrent)544 b Fj(Gets)11
  367. b(next)g(info.)354 1034 y Fd(setgrent)546 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  368. (processing.)354 1124 y Fg(hosts)354 1180 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  369. Fi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h
  370. Fi($)p Fj(length,)f(@addrs\).)354 1245 y Fd(endhostent)487
  371. b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1310 y Fd(gethostbyaddr\()p
  372. Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(ADDR)o(TYPE)p Fd(\))39 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  373. (address.)354 1375 y Fd(gethostbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))255
  374. b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 1439 y Fd(gethostent)498
  375. b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1504 y Fd(sethostent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p
  376. Fd(\))251 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 1594 y
  377. Fg(networks)354 1650 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  378. Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h Fi($)p Fj(net\).)354
  379. 1715 y Fd(endnetent)512 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  380. 1780 y Fd(getnetbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(\))181
  381. b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(address)h(and)f(type.)354 1845 y
  382. Fd(getnetbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))280 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354
  383. 1909 y Fd(getnetent)523 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1974
  384. y Fd(setnetent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))276 b Fj(Resets)12
  385. b(lookup)e(processing.)354 2064 y Fg(services)354 2120 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  386. Fi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(port,)h Fi($)p
  387. Fj(proto\).)354 2185 y Fd(endservent)489 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)
  388. 354 2250 y Fd(getservbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(,)i Ff(PROT)o(O)p
  389. Fd(\))87 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2315 y Fd(getservbyport\()p
  390. Ff(POR)o(T)p Fd(,)j Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))120 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(port.)
  391. 354 2379 y Fd(getservent)500 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354
  392. 2444 y Fd(setservent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))253 b Fj(Resets)12
  393. b(lookup)e(processing.)354 2534 y Fg(protocols)354 2590 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  394. Fi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(proto\).)354
  395. 2655 y Fd(endprotoent)469 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  396. 2720 y Fd(getprotobyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))237 b Fj(Gets)11
  397. b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2784 y Fd(getprotobynumber\()p Ff(NUMBER)p
  398. Fd(\))134 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(number)m(.)354 2849 y
  399. Fd(getprotoent)480 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2914 y Fd(setprotoent\()p
  400. Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))233 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)p
  401. 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(15)p eop
  402. %%Page: 16 18
  403. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  404. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(23.)19 b(Regular)i(expressions)p 355 19 1512
  405. 2 v 354 119 a Fj(Each)12 b(character)h(matches)e(itself,)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h
  406. (one)h(of)f(the)g(special)g(characters)354 176 y Fi(+?.*\(\)[])q({}|)t(\\)p
  407. Fj(.)354 241 y Fi(.)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(an)h(arbitrary)g(character)n(,)h
  408. (but)e(not)f(a)i(newline.)354 305 y Fi(\()p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h
  409. Fi(\))21 b Fj(groups)11 b(a)g(series)h(of)f(pattern)g(elements)g(to)g(a)h
  410. (single)e(element.)354 370 y Fi(+)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(the)h(preceding)f
  411. (pattern)g(element)g(one)h(or)f(more)g(times.)354 435 y Fi(?)91
  412. b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(one)f(times.)354 500 y Fi(*)91
  413. b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(more)f(times.)354 564 y Fi({)q
  414. Ff(N)p Fi(,)p Ff(M)p Fi(})21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(the)g(minimum)e
  415. Ff(N)i Fj(and)h(maximum)d Ff(M)i Fj(match)g(count.)h Fi({)p
  416. Ff(N)p Fi(})g Fj(means)472 621 y(exactly)g Ff(N)f Fj(times;)f
  417. Fi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(,})j Fj(means)e(at)g(least)g Ff(N)h Fj(times.)354
  418. 686 y Fi([)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h Fi(])21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(a)g(class)h(of)f
  419. (characters)i(to)e(match.)g Fi([\303)q Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi(])k
  420. Fj(negates)f(the)g(class.)354 750 y Fi(\()p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h
  421. Fi(|)p Fj(.)f(.)g(.)g Fi(|)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)g Fi(\))22 b Fj(matches)11
  422. b(one)g(of)g(the)h(alternatives.)354 815 y(Non-alphanumerics)f(can)h(be)f
  423. (escaped)h(from)f(their)g(special)h(meaning)e(using)h(a)g Fi(\\)p
  424. Fj(.)354 880 y Fi(\\w)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(alphanumeric,)h(including)e(\252)p
  425. Fi(_)p Fj(\272,)j Fi(\\W)f Fj(matches)f(non-alphanumeric.)354
  426. 945 y Fi(\\b)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(word)h(boundaries,)f Fi(\\B)h
  427. Fj(matches)f(non-boundaries.)354 1009 y Fi(\\s)64 b Fj(matches)11
  428. b(whitespace,)h Fi(\\S)g Fj(matches)f(non-whitespace.)354 1074
  429. y Fi(\\d)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(numeric,)h Fi(\\D)g Fj(matches)f(non-numeric.)
  430. 354 1139 y Fi(\\n)p Fj(,)i Fi(\\r)p Fj(,)g Fi(\\f)p Fj(,)f
  431. Fi(\\t)g Fj(etc.)22 b(have)11 b(their)h(usual)e(meaning.)354
  432. 1204 y Fi(\\w)p Fj(,)j Fi(\\s)f Fj(and)g Fi(\\d)21 b Fj(may)11
  433. b(be)h(used)f(within)f(character)j(classes,)e Fi(\\b)h Fj(denotes)f
  434. (backspace)h(in)472 1260 y(this)f(context.)354 1325 y Fi(\\1)p
  435. Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h Fi(\\9)22 b Fj(refer)12 b(to)f(matched)g(sub-expressions,)g
  436. (grouped)g(with)f Fi(\(\))p Fj(,)j(inside)e(the)g(match.)354
  437. 1390 y Fi(\\10)37 b Fj(and)12 b(up)f(can)h(also)f(be)g(used)g(if)h(the)f
  438. (pattern)g(matches)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)354 1454
  439. y(See)i(also)e Fi($1)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(,)13 b Fi($+)p
  440. Fj(,)g Fi($&)p Fj(,)f Fi($`)h Fj(and)e Fi($')h Fj(in)f(section)g(\252Special)
  441. h(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)355 1578 y Fl(24.)19 b(Special)h(variables)p
  442. 355 1599 V 354 1699 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(variables)h(are)h(global)f(and)
  443. g(should)f(be)i(localized)f(in)g(subroutines:)354 1764 y Fi($_)64
  444. b Fj(The)12 b(default)f(input)f(and)i(pattern-searching)f(space.)354
  445. 1829 y Fi($.)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(input)e(line)h(number)g(of)g(the)g
  446. (last)g(\256lehandle)h(that)f(was)g(read.)354 1893 y Fi($/)64
  447. b Fj(The)12 b(input)e(record)i(separator)n(,)h(newline)e(by)g(default.)g(May)
  448. g(be)h(multi-character)m(.)354 1958 y Fi($,)64 b Fj(The)12
  449. b(output)e(\256eld)i(separator)f(for)h(the)f(print)g(operator)m(.)354
  450. 2023 y Fi($")64 b Fj(The)12 b(separator)g(which)f(joins)f(elements)h(of)g
  451. (arrays)h(interpolated)f(in)g(strings.)354 2088 y Fi($\\)64
  452. b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(record)i(separator)g(for)f(the)h(print)e(operator)m(.)
  453. 354 2152 y Fi($#)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(format)h(for)h(printed)f(numbers.)
  454. g(Initial)f(value)h(is)g(\252)p Fi(\045.20g)p Fj(\272.)354
  455. 2217 y Fi($*)64 b Fj(Set)12 b(to)f(1)g(to)g(do)g(multiline)f(matching)g
  456. (within)g(a)i(string,)f(0)g(to)g(assume)g(strings)f(contain)472
  457. 2274 y(a)i(single)f(line.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2338 y Fi($?)64
  458. b Fj(The)12 b(status)e(returned)i(by)f(the)g(last)g Fi(`)p
  459. Ff(COMMAND)p Fi(`)p Fj(,)h(pipe)f(close)g(or)g Fd(system)472
  460. 2395 y Fj(operator)m(.)354 2460 y Fi($])64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(version)g
  461. (string)g(\(as)g(displayed)g(with)f Fi(perl)29 b(-v)p Fj(\),)13
  462. b(or)f(version)e(number)m(.)354 2524 y Fi($[)64 b Fj(The)12
  463. b(index)f(of)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f(in)g(an)g(array)m(,)i(and)e(of)h
  464. (the)f(\256rst)g(character)i(in)e(a)472 2581 y(substring.)g(Default)g(is)g
  465. (0.)354 2646 y Fi($;)64 b Fj(The)12 b(subscript)e(separator)i(for)g
  466. (multi-dimensional)c(array)k(emulation.)f(Default)g(is)472
  467. 2702 y Fi("\\034")p Fj(.)354 2767 y Fi($!)64 b Fj(If)12 b(used)f(in)g(a)h
  468. (numeric)f(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h(errno.)g(If)g
  469. (used)f(in)g(a)472 2823 y(string)g(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(corresponding)g
  470. (error)h(string.)354 2888 y Fi($@)64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(error)h(message)g
  471. (from)f(the)g(last)g(eval)g(or)h Fd(do)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj(command.)p
  472. 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(16)p eop
  473. %%Page: 17 19
  474. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  475. 3 v 354 -12 a Fi($:)64 b Fj(The)12 b(set)f(of)g(characters)i(after)f(which)f
  476. (a)h(string)e(may)h(be)h(broken)f(to)g(\256ll)g(continuation)472
  477. 45 y(\256elds)h(\(starting)e(with)h(\252)p Fi(\303)p Fj(\272\))i(in)e(a)g
  478. (format.)354 110 y Fi($0)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(\256le)h
  479. (containing)e(the)h(perl)g(script)g(being)g(executed.)h(May)f(be)472
  480. 166 y(assigned)g(to.)354 231 y Fi($$)64 b Fj(The)12 b(process)f(number)g(of)h
  481. (the)f(perl)g(running)g(this)f(script.)h(Altered)h(\(in)f(the)g(child)472
  482. 287 y(process\))h(by)f Fd(fork)p Fj(.)354 352 y Fi($<)64 b
  483. Fj(The)12 b(real)g(uid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 417 y Fi($>)64
  484. b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(uid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  485. 482 y Fi($\()64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(gid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354
  486. 546 y Fi($\))64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(gid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  487. 611 y Fi($\303D)37 b Fj(The)12 b(debug)f(\257ags)h(as)f(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
  488. (using)e Fi(-D)i Fj(.)354 676 y Fi($\303F)37 b Fj(The)12 b(highest)e(system)g
  489. (\256le)i(descriptor)n(,)g(ordinarily)e(2.)354 741 y Fi($\303I)37
  490. b Fj(In-place)12 b(edit)f(extension)g(as)g(passed)g(to)g(perl)h(using)e
  491. Fi(-i)i Fj(.)354 805 y Fi($\303L)37 b Fj(Formfeed)12 b(character)h(used)e(in)
  492. g(formats.)354 870 y Fi($\303P)37 b Fj(Internal)12 b(debugging)e(\257ag.)354
  493. 935 y Fi($\303T)37 b Fj(The)12 b(time)e(\(as)i(delivered)f(by)h
  494. Fd(time)p Fj(\))e(when)i(the)f(program)g(started.)h(This)e(value)i(is)472
  495. 991 y(used)g(by)f(the)g(\256le)h(test)e(operators)i(\252)p
  496. Fi(-M)p Fj(\272,)h(\252)p Fi(-A)p Fj(\272)g(and)e(\252)p Fi(-C)p
  497. Fj(\272.)354 1056 y Fi($\303W)37 b Fj(The)12 b(value)f(if)g(the)h
  498. Fi(-w)g Fj(option)e(as)i(passed)f(to)g(perl.)354 1121 y Fi($\303X)37
  499. b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(by)g(which)g(this)g(perl)g(was)h(invoked.)354
  500. 1186 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(context)f(dependent)g(and)g(need)h
  501. (not)f(be)g(localized:)354 1250 y Fi($\045)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(page)f
  502. (number)g(of)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(output)e(channel.)354
  503. 1315 y Fi($=)64 b Fj(The)12 b(page)f(length)g(of)h(the)f(current)g(output)g
  504. (channel.)g(Default)h(is)f(60)g(lines.)354 1380 y Fi($-)64
  505. b Fj(The)12 b(number)f(of)g(lines)g(left)g(on)g(the)g(page.)354
  506. 1445 y Fi($\304)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(report)f
  507. (format.)354 1509 y Fi($\303)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h
  508. (top-of-page)f(format.)354 1574 y Fi($|)64 b Fj(If)12 b(set)f(to)g(nonzero,)h
  509. (forces)g(a)g(\257ush)f(after)h(every)g(write)f(or)h(print)e(on)h(the)h
  510. (currently)472 1631 y(selected)g(output)e(channel.)i(Default)f(is)g(0.)354
  511. 1695 y Fi($ARGV)23 b Fj(The)11 b(name)h(of)f(the)g(current)h(\256le)g(when)f
  512. (reading)h(from)f Fi(<>)h Fj(.)354 1760 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h
  513. (always)f(local)h(to)f(the)g(current)g(block:)354 1825 y Fi($&)64
  514. b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(matched)h(by)g(the)h(last)f(successful)g(pattern)g
  515. (match.)354 1890 y Fi($`)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(preceding)i(what)f(was)g
  516. (matched)g(by)h(the)f(last)g(successful)g(match.)354 1954 y
  517. Fi($')64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(following)g(what)h(was)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g
  518. (last)g(successful)g(match.)354 2019 y Fi($+)64 b Fj(The)12
  519. b(last)f(bracket)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g(last)g(search)h(pattern.)354
  520. 2084 y Fi($)q(1)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)472 2140
  521. y(Contains)j(the)g(subpattern)f(from)h(the)g(corresponding)g(set)g(of)g
  522. (parentheses)g(in)g(the)g(last)472 2197 y(pattern)h(successfully)e(matched.)i
  523. Fi($10)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h(and)i(up)g(are)i(only)d(available)h(if)h(the)f(match)
  524. 472 2253 y(contained)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)355 2376
  525. y Fl(25.)19 b(Special)h(arrays)p 355 2397 1512 2 v 354 2498
  526. a Fi(@ARGV)42 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(command)e(line)h(ar)o(guments)g(for)g
  527. (the)h(script)e(\(not)h(including)f(the)531 2554 y(command)h(name\).)354
  528. 2619 y Fi(@INC)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(list)e(of)h(places)h(to)f(look)f
  529. (for)i(perl)f(scripts)g(to)g(be)g(evaluated)h(by)f(the)531
  530. 2676 y Fd(do)i Ff(FILENAME)d Fj(and)h Fd(require)h Fj(commands.)354
  531. 2740 y Fi(@_)123 b Fj(Parameter)11 b(array)g(for)f(subroutines.)f(Also)g
  532. (used)h(by)f Fd(split)g Fj(if)h(not)f(in)h(array)g(context.)354
  533. 2805 y Fi(\045ENV)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(current)f(environment.)354
  534. 2870 y Fi(\045INC)69 b Fj(List)11 b(of)g(\256les)h(that)f(have)g(been)h
  535. Fd(require)p Fj(d)g(or)g Fd(do)p Fj(ne.)354 2935 y Fi(\045SIG)69
  536. b Fj(Used)12 b(to)f(set)g(signal)f(handlers)h(for)h(various)f(signals.)p
  537. 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(17)p eop
  538. %%Page: 18 20
  539. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  540. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(26.)19 b(The)i(perl)f(debugger)p 355 19 1512
  541. 2 v 354 119 a Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(symbolic)f(debugger)h(is)g(invoked)g(with)f
  542. Fi(perl)29 b(-d)p Fj(.)354 184 y Fi(h)269 b Fj(Prints)11 b(out)f(a)i(help)f
  543. (message.)354 249 y Fi(T)269 b Fj(Stack)11 b(trace.)354 314
  544. y Fi(s)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps.)354 378 y Fi(n)269 b Fj(Single)11
  545. b(steps)f(around)i(subroutine)e(call.)354 443 y Fi(r)269 b
  546. Fj(Returns)11 b(from)g(the)g(current)h(subroutine.)354 508
  547. y Fi(c)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Continues)10 b(\(until)h
  548. Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g(or)g(another)h(breakpoint)e(or)i(exit\).)p
  549. 354 530 112 2 v 354 585 2 56 v 368 573 a Ff(RET)p 464 585 V
  550. 354 587 112 2 v 199 w Fj(Repeats)g(last)e Fi(s)i Fj(or)g Fi(n)p
  551. Fj(.)354 637 y Fi(l)g Fj([)p Ff(RANGE)p Fj(])79 b(Lists)10
  552. b(a)i(range)f(of)h(lines.)f Ff(RANGE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(number)n(,)g
  553. (start-end,)650 694 y(start+amount,)e(or)h(a)h(subroutine)e(name.)i(If)g
  554. (omitted,)e(lists)g(next)h(window)m(.)354 759 y Fi(f)h Ff(FILE)169
  555. b Fj(Switches)11 b(to)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(and)g(start)g(listing)f(it.)354
  556. 823 y Fi(-)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(previous)h(window)m(.)354 888
  557. y Fi(w)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(window)g(around)i(current)f(line.)354
  558. 953 y Fi(l)h Ff(SUB)171 b Fj(Lists)10 b(the)h(named)g Ff(SUB)p
  559. Fj(routine.)354 1018 y Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)54 b
  560. Fj(Forward)12 b(search)g(for)f Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354
  561. 1082 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)54 b Fj(Backward)12 b(search)g(for)g
  562. Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1147 y Fi(L)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(lines)h(that)f
  563. (have)i(breakpoints)f(or)g(actions.)354 1212 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(List)10
  564. b(the)h(names)g(of)h(all)f(subroutines.)354 1277 y Fi(t)269
  565. b Fj(T)m(oggles)10 b(trace)i(mode.)354 1342 y Fi(b)g Fj([)p
  566. Ff(LINE)f Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(]])650 1398 y(Sets)g(breakpoint)g(at)g
  567. Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g(default:)g(current)h(line.)354 1463 y Fi(b)g
  568. Ff(SUBNAME)e Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(])650 1519 y(Sets)h(breakpoint)g(at)g
  569. (the)g(subroutine.)354 1584 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(names)h(of)g(all)g
  570. (subroutines.)354 1649 y Fi(d)h Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Deletes)11
  571. b(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g(given)g(line.)354 1713 y Fi(D)269
  572. b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(breakpoints.)354 1778 y Fi(a)h Ff(LINE)f(COMMAND)650
  573. 1835 y Fj(Sets)g(an)h(action)f(for)g(line.)354 1899 y Fi(A)269
  574. b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(line)g(actions.)354 1964 y Fi(<)h Ff(COMMAND)37
  575. b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g(debugger)f
  576. (prompt.)354 2029 y Fi(>)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g
  577. (be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g Fi(s)p Fj(,)g Fi(c)g Fj(or)f
  578. Fi(n)h Fj(command.)354 2094 y Fi(V)g Fj([)p Ff(P)m(ACKAGE)e
  579. Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])h(])650 2150 y(Lists)f(all)h(variables)g(in)g(a)h
  580. (package.)g(Default)g(package)g(is)e(main.)354 2215 y Fi(X)i
  581. Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])116 b(Like)11 b Fi(V)p Fj(,)h(but)f(assumes)f
  582. (current)i(package.)354 2280 y Fi(!)g Fj([)g([-])p Ff(NUMBER)p
  583. Fj(])650 2336 y(Redo)f(a)h(debugging)e(command.)h(Default)h(is)e(previous)h
  584. (command.)354 2401 y Fi(H)h Fj([-)p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])31 b(Displays)10
  585. b(the)h(last)g(-)p Ff(NUMBER)f Fj(commands)h(of)g(more)g(than)g(one)h(letter)
  586. m(.)354 2466 y Fi(q)269 b Fj(Quits.)10 b(Y)-5 b(ou)12 b(may)f(also)g(use)g
  587. (your)p 1199 2423 114 2 v 1199 2479 2 57 v 25 w Ff(EOF)p 1311
  588. 2479 V 1199 2481 114 2 v 26 w Fj(character)m(.)354 2530 y Ff(COMMAND)76
  589. b Fj(Executes)11 b Ff(COMMAND)f Fj(as)i(a)f(perl)h(statement.)354
  590. 2595 y Fi(p)g Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)122 b Fj(Prints)11 b Ff(EXPR)p
  591. Fj(.)354 2660 y Fi(=)h Fj([)p Ff(ALIAS)f(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(])650
  592. 2716 y(Sets)g(alias,)h(or)f(lists)f(current)i(aliases.)p 354
  593. 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(18)p eop
  594. %%Page: 19 21
  595. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  596. 3 v 355 -2 a Fl(27.)19 b(Environment)i(variables)p 355 19 1512
  597. 2 v 354 119 a Fj(Perl)12 b(uses)f(the)h(following)e(environment)g(variables.)
  598. 354 184 y Fi(HOME)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(if)f Fd(chdir)h Fj(has)f(no)g(ar)o
  599. (gument.)354 249 y Fi(LOGDIR)531 305 y Fj(Used)h(if)f Fd(chdir)h
  600. Fj(has)f(no)g(ar)o(gument)g(and)h Fi(HOME)h Fj(is)e(not)f(set.)354
  601. 370 y Fi(PATH)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(in)f(executing)g(subprocesses,)g(and)g(in)g
  602. (\256nding)g(the)g(perl)h(script)e(if)i Fi(-S)g Fj(is)531 427
  603. y(used.)354 491 y Fi(PERLLIB)531 548 y Fj(A)g(colon-separated)f(list)g(of)g
  604. (directories)g(to)g(look)g(for)g(perl)h(library)f(\256les)h(before)531
  605. 604 y(looking)e(in)h(the)h(standard)f(library)g(and)g(the)g(current)h
  606. (directory)m(.)354 669 y Fi(PERLDB)531 725 y Fj(The)g(command)e(to)h(get)h
  607. (the)f(debugger)g(code.)h(Defaults)f(to)531 782 y Fi(require)31
  608. b('perldb.pl)q(')s Fj(.)354 967 y Fl(Notes)p 354 988 V 354
  609. 2938 a Fj(Perl)12 b(Reference)i(Guide)d(Revision)g(4.036.1)1345
  610. 2937 y(c)1333 2938 y Fe(\015)p Fj(1989,1993)g(Johan)f(V)m(romans)p
  611. 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(19)p eop
  612. %%Trailer
  613. end
  614. userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
  615. %%EOF
  616.