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Text File  |  1996-08-30  |  85KB  |  3,156 lines
  1. keyword=777 jetliner
  2. Related=introduced|idh_1994_transportation_2
  3.  
  4. keyword=Abacus
  5. Related=early example|idh_c3000BC_communications_1
  6.  
  7. keyword=Abbey of Westminster
  8. Related=construction; features|idh_1060_architecture_1
  9.  
  10. keyword=Acetylene
  11. Related=first observed|idh_1859_materials_1
  12.  
  13. keyword=Acheulean tools
  14. Related=first known|idh_c1_500_000BC_tools_1
  15.  
  16. keyword=Adding machine
  17. Related=patented|idh_1888_tools_1
  18.  
  19. keyword=Aerosol containers
  20. Related=introduced|idh_1941_tools_1
  21.  
  22. keyword=Agriculture
  23. Related=Carver's developments|idh_1898_food_1
  24. Related=importation of animals, plants|idh_1520_food_1
  25. Related=new crops|idh_1500_food_1
  26. Related=pesticides|idh_1799_food_1
  27.  
  28. keyword=AIDS
  29. Related=detection method|idh_1993_medical_1
  30.  
  31. keyword=Air pump
  32. Related=perfected|idh_1640_tools_4
  33.  
  34. keyword=Air-conditioning
  35. Related=patented|idh_1831_architecture_1
  36.  
  37. keyword=Aircraft carrier
  38. Related=first|idh_1910_transportation_1
  39.  
  40. keyword=Airplane
  41. Related=first launch|idh_1903_transportation_1
  42. Related=multi-engine|idh_1913_transportation_1
  43. Related=nuclear-powered|idh_1956_transportation_1
  44. Related=supersonic|idh_1947_transportation_1
  45. Related=variable-pitch propeller|idh_1924_transportation_1
  46.  
  47. keyword=Airship
  48. Related=dirigible|idh_1884_transportation_1
  49. Related=propeller|idh_1851_transportation_1
  50. Related=rigid-hulled|idh_1897_transportation_1
  51. Related=zeppelin|idh_1900_transportation_1
  52.  
  53. keyword=Alcohol
  54. Related=engine|idh_1797_energy_1
  55.  
  56. keyword=Alphabet
  57. Related=for the blind|idh_1783_communications_1
  58.  
  59. keyword=Alternating current
  60. Related=first practical generator|idh_1867_energy_2
  61.  
  62. keyword=Aluminum
  63. Related=aluminum cans|idh_1958_materials_1
  64. Related=produced|idh_1853_materials_1
  65. Related=sodium process|idh_1886_materials_1
  66.  
  67. keyword=Amniocentesis
  68. Related=developed|idh_1952_medical_1
  69.  
  70. keyword=Amorphous silicon
  71. Related=in transistors|idh_1979_materials_1
  72.  
  73. keyword=Ampere
  74. Related=as standard|idh_1908_electronics_1
  75.  
  76. keyword=Amplifier
  77. Related=audion|idh_1912_electronics_1
  78.  
  79. keyword=Analytical Engine
  80. Related=early computer|idh_1831_tools_1
  81.  
  82. keyword=Anasazi caves
  83. Related=early dwelling|idh_c400CE_architecture_2
  84.  
  85. keyword=Anchor
  86. Related=invented|idh_c600BC_tools_1
  87.  
  88. keyword=Aneroid barometer
  89. Related=invented|idh_1843_tools_1
  90.  
  91. keyword=Anesthetic
  92. Related=ether; chloroform|idh_1845_medical_1
  93. Related=procaine; Novocaine|idh_1904_medical_1
  94.  
  95. keyword=Angkor Wat
  96. Related=construction; features |idh_1110_architecture_1
  97.  
  98. keyword=Animal patent
  99. Related=first granted|idh_1992_medical_2
  100.  
  101. keyword=Antibiotic
  102. Related=deliberately sought|idh_1939_medical_1
  103. Related=discovered|idh_1877_medical_1
  104. Related=first tetracycline|idh_1944_medical_1
  105. Related=improved tetracycline|idh_1955_medical_1
  106.  
  107. keyword=Antibodies
  108. Related=monoclonal antibodies|idh_1975_medical_1
  109.  
  110. keyword=Antihistamine
  111. Related=developed|idh_1937_medical_1
  112.  
  113. keyword=Apgar score
  114. Related=introduced|idh_1952_medical_2
  115.  
  116. keyword=Arabic numerical system
  117. Related=imposed on Christians|idh_c1000CE_communications_1
  118.  
  119. keyword=Aramid plastic fiber
  120. Related=developed|idh_1976_materials_1
  121.  
  122. keyword=Arc lamp
  123. Related=first experimental|idh_1809_tools_1
  124. Related=patented|idh_1845_energy_3
  125.  
  126. keyword=Arches
  127. Related=first|idh_c300CE_architecture_1
  128.  
  129. keyword=Architecture
  130. Related=bronze, tinted glass|idh_1958_food_1
  131.  
  132. keyword=Arrows
  133. Related=earliest known|idh_c8000BC_tools_1
  134.  
  135. keyword=Artificial detergents
  136. Related=developed|idh_1916_materials_1
  137.  
  138. keyword=Artificial diamonds
  139. Related=for industrial use|idh_1955_materials_1
  140.  
  141. keyword=Artificial fertilizer
  142. Related=superphosphate|idh_1841_food_1
  143.  
  144. keyword=Artificial heart
  145. Related=first|idh_1969_medical_1
  146. Related=first Jarvik 7|idh_1982_medical_1
  147. Related=heart surgery|idh_1936_medical_1
  148.  
  149. keyword=Artificial ice cream
  150. Related=introduced in the US|idh_1952_food_1
  151.  
  152. keyword=Artificial insemination
  153. Related=introduced|idh_1901_food_1
  154.  
  155. keyword=Artificial kidney
  156. Related=developed|idh_1913_medical_2
  157.  
  158. keyword=Artificial liver
  159. Related=developed|idh_1994_medical_1
  160.  
  161. keyword=Artificial magnet
  162. Related=developed|idh_1749_tools_1
  163.  
  164. keyword=Artificial respiration
  165. Related=first demonstrated|idh_1660_medical_2
  166.  
  167. keyword=Artificial sweetener
  168. Related=aspartame approved|idh_1983_food_1
  169. Related=aspartame introduced in US|idh_1981_food_1
  170. Related=aspartame invented|idh_1965_food_1
  171. Related=saccharin discovered|idh_1879_food_1
  172.  
  173. keyword=ASCII
  174. Related=adopted|idh_1966_communications_1
  175.  
  176. keyword=Aspirin
  177. Related=salicylic acid|idh_1853_medical_1
  178. Related=synthesized|idh_1893_medical_1
  179.  
  180. keyword=Astigmatism
  181. Related=cause|idh_1801_medical_1
  182. Related=uneven curvature|idh_1863_medical_2
  183.  
  184. keyword=Astrolabe
  185. Related=invented|idh_c2OOBC_tools_1
  186. Related=linear astrolabe|idh_1150_tools_1
  187.  
  188. keyword=Astronomical clock
  189. Related=construction; features|idh_1340_tools_1
  190.  
  191. keyword=Astronomical telescope
  192. Related=charge-coupled devices|idh_1975_tools_1
  193.  
  194. keyword=Astroturf
  195. Related=first|idh_1965_materials_1
  196.  
  197. keyword=Atomic bomb
  198. Related=first exploded|idh_1945_energy_1
  199. Related=first USSR|idh_1949_energy_1
  200.  
  201. keyword=Audio cassette
  202. Related=introduced|idh_1962_electronics_1
  203.  
  204. keyword=Audio oscillator
  205. Related=patented|idh_1942_tools_1
  206.  
  207. keyword=Audio recorder
  208. Related=developed|idh_1948_communications_1
  209.  
  210. keyword=Aurignacian tools
  211. Related=first known|idh_c30,000BC_tools_1
  212.  
  213. keyword=Autogiro
  214. Related=developed|idh_1923_transportation_1
  215.  
  216. keyword=Automated gene sequencer
  217. Related=first marketed|idh_1982_tools_1
  218.  
  219. keyword=Automatic watch
  220. Related=first constructed|idh_1769_tools_1
  221.  
  222. keyword=Automobile
  223. Related=air-cooling|idh_1902_transportation_2
  224. Related=Daimler internal combustion engine|idh_1887_transportation_1
  225. Related=drum brake|idh_1902_transportation_1
  226. Related=first true|idh_1769_transportation_1
  227. Related=four-wheeled|idh_1889_transportation_1
  228. Related=horseless carriage|idh_1863_transportation_1
  229. Related=land speed record|idh_1899_transportation_1
  230. Related=three-wheeled|idh_1885_transportation_1
  231. Related=power steering|idh_1951_transportation_1
  232.  
  233. keyword=Autopilot
  234. Related=invented|idh_1914_transportation_1
  235.  
  236. keyword=Axes
  237. Related=bronze, copper|idh_c3000BC_tools_1
  238. Related=stone|idh_c5000BC_tools_1
  239.  
  240. keyword=Ayurveda
  241. Related=compiled|idh_c100BC_medical_1
  242.  
  243. keyword=Back-and-forth motion
  244. Related=conversion from rotary|idh_c1200BC_tools_1
  245.  
  246. keyword=Bag press
  247. Related=invented|idh_c3000BC_food_1
  248.  
  249. keyword=Balance scales
  250. Related=first known|idh_c2000BC_tools_1
  251.  
  252. keyword=Ball bearings
  253. Related=patented|idh_1861_tools_1
  254.  
  255. keyword=Balloon flight
  256. Related=aerial photograph|idh_1857_transportation_2
  257. Related=casualties|idh_1785_transportation_1
  258. Related=first|idh_1783_transportation_1
  259. Related=stratosphere|idh_1932_transportation_1
  260.  
  261. keyword=Ballpoint pen
  262. Related=first commercially successful|idh_1938_communications_1
  263.  
  264. keyword=Band saw
  265. Related=development; patenting|idh_1869_tools_1
  266.  
  267. keyword=Band-Aid
  268. Related=introduced|idh_1920_medical_1
  269.  
  270. keyword=Bandage
  271. Related=compressive|idh_1745_medical_1
  272.  
  273. keyword=Bar soap
  274. Related=floating|idh_1877_materials_1
  275.  
  276. keyword=Barges
  277. Related=carrying obelisks|idh_c1500BC_transportation_1
  278.  
  279. keyword=Barometer
  280. Related=developed|idh_1640_tools_3
  281.  
  282. keyword=Bathroom
  283. Related=early interior|idh_c2000BC_architecture_1
  284.  
  285. keyword=Bathyscaphe
  286. Related=new depths|idh_1960_transportation_1
  287.  
  288. keyword=Battery
  289. Related=lead-acid storage|idh_1881_energy_1
  290. Related=nickel-alkaline|idh_1908_energy_1
  291.  
  292. keyword=BBC TV
  293. Related=public television|idh_1936_communications_1
  294.  
  295. keyword=Beef
  296. Related=embryos|idh_1950_food_1
  297.  
  298. keyword=Beer
  299. Related=early brewing|idh_c8000BC_food_1
  300.  
  301. keyword=Beet sugar
  302. Related=discovered|idh_1747_food_1
  303. Related=manufactured|idh_1801_food_1
  304.  
  305. keyword=Bell Telephone Lab
  306. Related=research branch|idh_1911_communications_1
  307.  
  308. keyword=Bellows
  309. Related=invented|idh_c2000BC_tools_2
  310. Related=waterwheel|idh_1320_tools_1
  311.  
  312. keyword=Belt drive
  313. Related=invented|idh_c0_tools_1
  314.  
  315. keyword=Benedictine Abbey
  316. Related=construction; features|idh_1080_architecture_1
  317.  
  318. keyword=Besson's lathe
  319. Related=first practical|idh_1560_tools_1
  320. Related=improved|idh_1570_tools_1
  321.  
  322. keyword=Bicycle
  323. Related=chain driven|idh_1869_transportation_1
  324. Related=early versions|idh_1779_transportation_1
  325. Related=first modern|idh_1885_transportation_2
  326. Related=steering|idh_1817_transportation_1
  327.  
  328. keyword=BINAC computer
  329. Related=first electronic stored-program|idh_1949_electronics_2
  330.  
  331. keyword=Binary circuit
  332. Related=developed|idh_1937_electronics_2
  333.  
  334. keyword=Binary code
  335. Related=five-bit code|idh_1873_communications_2
  336.  
  337. keyword=Bioengineering
  338. Related=bioengineered vaccine suggested|idh_1981_medical_2
  339.  
  340. keyword=Birth control
  341. Related=IUD|idh_1961_medical_1
  342. Related=pills|idh_1956_medical_1
  343.  
  344. keyword=Bismuth
  345. Related=in superconductors|idh_1988_materials_1
  346.  
  347. keyword=Blast furnace
  348. Related=developed|idh_1340_materials_1
  349.  
  350. keyword=Blasting gelatin
  351. Related=development; patenting|idh_1875_materials_1
  352.  
  353. keyword=Bleaching
  354. Related=for fabrics|idh_1783_materials_1
  355. Related=powder|idh_1799_materials_1
  356.  
  357. keyword=Blendor
  358. Related=invented|idh_1937_food_1
  359.  
  360. keyword=Block printing
  361. Related=capital letters|idh_1100_communications_1
  362. Related=complete pages|idh_1290_communications_1
  363.  
  364. keyword=Blood pressure
  365. Related=first measured|idh_1720_medical_1
  366.  
  367. keyword=Blood transfusion
  368. Related=first demonstrated|idh_1660_medical_1
  369. Related=first direct|idh_1905_medical_1
  370.  
  371. keyword=Bloodletting
  372. Related=denounced|idh_1829_medical_1
  373.  
  374. keyword=Blowpipe
  375. Related=welding torch|idh_1801_tools_1
  376.  
  377. keyword=Boats
  378. Related=plank versions|idh_c4000BC_transportation_1
  379.  
  380. keyword=Body snatching
  381. Related=first recorded|idh_1310_medical_1
  382.  
  383. keyword=Body temperature
  384. Related=first measurement|idh_1849_medical_1
  385.  
  386. keyword=Boiling-water reactor
  387. Related=first|idh_1960_energy_1
  388.  
  389. keyword=Bone harpoons
  390. Related=earliest known|idh_c15_000BC_tools_1
  391.  
  392. keyword=Braille
  393. Related=introduced|idh_1823_communications_1
  394.  
  395. keyword=Brain
  396. Related=brain regions, faculties|idh_1861_medical_1
  397.  
  398. keyword=Bran
  399. Related=removed from wheat flour|idh_1865_food_1
  400.  
  401. keyword=Brandy
  402. Related=first distilled|idh_1100_food_1
  403.  
  404. keyword=Breakfast cereal
  405. Related=introduced|idh_1897_food_2
  406. Related=corn flakes|idh_1904_food_1
  407.  
  408. keyword=Breech-loading rifle
  409. Related=patented|idh_1811_tools_1
  410.  
  411. keyword=Brick houses
  412. Related=early examples|idh_c10,000BC_tools_1
  413.  
  414. keyword=Bricks
  415. Related=early use|idh_c6000BC_materials_2
  416.  
  417. keyword=Bridge design
  418. Related=Tacoma Narrows|idh_1940_transportation_1
  419.  
  420. keyword=Bridges
  421. Related=first caisson|idh_1680_architecture_1
  422. Related=oldest standing|idh_1600_architecture_1
  423.  
  424. keyword=Bronze
  425. Related=earliest use|idh_c3700BC_materials_1
  426.  
  427. keyword=Brooklyn Bridge
  428. Related=construction; features|idh_1869_architecture_1
  429.  
  430. keyword=Bucky-balls
  431. Related=molecules|idh_1985_materials_1
  432.  
  433. keyword=Buddhist monastery
  434. Related=Bamiyan in|idh_c400CE_architecture_1
  435.  
  436. keyword=Building materials
  437. Related=cast iron; concrete|idh_c200BC_materials_1
  438.  
  439. keyword=Burin
  440. Related=early engraving, carving|idh_c400_000BC_tools_1
  441.  
  442. keyword=Buttons
  443. Related=matching buttonholes|idh_1250_tools_1
  444.  
  445. keyword=BΓton de commandement
  446. Related=antler tool|idh_c15_000BC_tools_2
  447.  
  448. keyword=Cable television
  449. Related=introduced|idh_1948_communications_3
  450.  
  451. keyword=Caisson
  452. Related=developed|idh_1737_architecture_1
  453.  
  454. keyword=Calculating machine
  455. Related=Abraham, Bloch; binary switching|idh_1918_electronics_1
  456. Related=Atanasoff, Berry; electronic calculator|idh_1943_electronics_1
  457. Related=Burroughs; adding-subtracting machine|idh_1892_electronics_1
  458. Related=Hahn; twelve-digit precision|idh_1773_tools_1
  459. Related=Leibniz; binary representation|idh_1690_tools_1
  460.  
  461. keyword=Camera lucida
  462. Related=invented|idh_1807_communications_1
  463.  
  464. keyword=Camera obscura
  465. Related=invented|idh_1550_communications_1
  466. Related=nitrate of silver|idh_1801_communications_1
  467. Related=Talbot's conception|idh_1833_communications_1
  468.  
  469. keyword=Can opener
  470. Related=early wheel operated|idh_1869_food_1
  471. Related=modern wheel-operated|idh_1925_food_1
  472.  
  473. keyword=Canal
  474. Related=boat; first known patent|idh_1420_transportation_1
  475. Related=Briare Canal|idh_1640_transportation_1
  476. Related=Grand Canal|idh_1320_transportation_1
  477. Related=Main-Danube Canal|idh_1992_transportation_1
  478. Related=Naviglio Grande Canal; da Vinci lock design|idh_1490_transportation_2
  479. Related=Ticinello Canal|idh_1200_transportation_1
  480. Related=Wadi Tumilat|idh_c600BC_transportation_2
  481.  
  482. keyword=Canned milk
  483. Related=introduced|idh_1885_food_1
  484.  
  485. keyword=Canning process
  486. Related=award for inventing|idh_1809_food_1
  487. Related=invented|idh_1803_food_1
  488.  
  489. keyword=Cannon
  490. Related=single-piece cast-bronze|idh_1370_tools_1
  491.  
  492. keyword=Canon of Medicine
  493. Related=first complete edition|idh_1470_medical_1
  494.  
  495. keyword=Carrier pigeon
  496. Related=Cairo to Damascus|idh_1250_communications_1
  497.  
  498. keyword=Carving tool
  499. Related=mechanical|idh_1821_tools_1
  500.  
  501. keyword=Cast iron
  502. Related=coal|idh_c300CE_materials_1
  503. Related=coke|idh_1735_materials_1
  504. Related=early blast furnaces|idh_c800CE_materials_1
  505. Related=invented|idh_c300BC_materials_1
  506. Related=rails|idh_1765_materials_1
  507. Related=water pipes|idh_1660_materials_1
  508.  
  509. keyword=CAT scan
  510. Related=design; patenting|idh_1960_medical_1
  511. Related=experimental computerized axial tomography|idh_1972_medical_1
  512. Related=improved|idh_1967_medical_1
  513.  
  514. keyword=Catapults
  515. Related=double-, single-armed|idh_c100CE_tools_1
  516. Related=introduced|idh_c400BC_tools_2
  517.  
  518. keyword=Cathode ray tube
  519. Related=developed|idh_1897_electronics_1
  520. Related=phenomenon observed|idh_1857_communications_1
  521.  
  522. keyword=Cave paintings
  523. Related=Altamira Cave|idh_c10_000BC_communications_1
  524. Related=Zalavroug|idh_c5000BC_transportation_1
  525.  
  526. keyword=CBS-TV
  527. Related=first television broadcasting|idh_1931_communications_1
  528.  
  529. keyword=CD-ROM
  530. Related=introduced|idh_1984_communications_1
  531.  
  532. keyword=Cellophane
  533. Related=invented|idh_1908_materials_1
  534. Related=tape|idh_1927_materials_1
  535.  
  536. keyword=Cellular telephone
  537. Related=digital system|idh_1983_communications_1
  538. Related=introduced|idh_1992_communications_1
  539.  
  540. keyword=Celluloid
  541. Related=first produced|idh_1865_materials_1
  542.  
  543. keyword=Central heating
  544. Related=first since Romans|idh_1777_energy_1
  545.  
  546. keyword=Centrifugal pump
  547. Related=invented|idh_1680_tools_1
  548.  
  549. keyword=Ceremonial center
  550. Related=early large|idh_c1300BC_architecture_1
  551.  
  552. keyword=Cesarean operation
  553. Related=first recorded|idh_1500_medical_1
  554.  
  555. keyword=Chain pump
  556. Related=first Chinese reference|idh_c50CE_tools_2
  557.  
  558. keyword=Challenger mission
  559. Related=five-person crew; "arm"|idh_1983_transportation_1
  560. Related=last mission|idh_1986_transportation_1
  561.  
  562. keyword=Champagne
  563. Related=invented|idh_1670_food_1
  564.  
  565. keyword=Chemotherapy
  566. Related=introduced|idh_1910_medical_1
  567.  
  568. keyword=Chicken eggs
  569. Related=lower cholesterol|idh_1988_food_1
  570.  
  571. keyword=Chimneys
  572. Related=common household|idh_1200_energy_1
  573. Related=examples of prosperity|idh_1570_architecture_1
  574.  
  575. keyword=Chinese junk
  576. Related=masts; central rudder; water-tight hold|idh_1400_transportation_3
  577.  
  578. keyword=Chloroform
  579. Related=discovered|idh_1831_medical_1
  580.  
  581. keyword=Cholera
  582. Related=sewage contamination|idh_1843_medical_2
  583.  
  584. keyword=Chromatography
  585. Related=invented|idh_1906_materials_1
  586.  
  587. keyword=Chronometer
  588. Related=invention|idh_1759_transportation_1
  589.  
  590. keyword=Chunnel
  591. Related=excavation|idh_1990_transportation_1
  592. Related=operation|idh_1994_transportation_1
  593.  
  594. keyword=Cisterian style
  595. Related=best surviving example|idh_1140_architecture_1
  596.  
  597. keyword=Clay tokens
  598. Related=in record keeping|idh_c10_000BC_communications_2
  599.  
  600. keyword=Clementines
  601. Related=developed|idh_1900_food_1
  602.  
  603. keyword=Clipper ship
  604. Related=introduced|idh_1843_transportation_1
  605.  
  606. keyword=Cloning
  607. Related=zebra fish|idh_1981_medical_1
  608.  
  609. keyword=Clothes pins
  610. Related=early use|idh_c3000BC_tools_2
  611.  
  612. keyword=Cluniac style
  613. Related=and Cisterian style|idh_1130_architecture_1
  614.  
  615. keyword=Coal
  616. Related=experiments|idh_1739_materials_1
  617.  
  618. keyword=Cobalt
  619. Related=blue glass|idh_1540_materials_1
  620.  
  621. keyword=Cocaine
  622. Related=as local anesthetic|idh_1884_medical_1
  623. Related=isolated|idh_1859_medical_1
  624.  
  625. keyword=Coffee
  626. Related=as beverage|idh_1400_food_1
  627. Related=filters|idh_1908_food_1
  628.  
  629. keyword=Coffee grinder
  630. Related=introduced|idh_1897_food_1
  631.  
  632. keyword=Coke
  633. Related=discovered|idh_1600_energy_1
  634. Related=high-quality|idh_1881_materials_1
  635.  
  636. keyword=Color fax machines
  637. Related=first commercially available|idh_1990_communications_1
  638.  
  639. keyword=Color photography
  640. Related=discovered|idh_1869_communications_1
  641. Related=invented|idh_1908_communications_1
  642. Related=self-developing|idh_1963_communications_1
  643. Related=subtractive process|idh_1912_communications_1
  644.  
  645. keyword=Color printing
  646. Related=four-color system|idh_1710_communications_1
  647.  
  648. keyword=Color Television
  649. Related=black-and-white compatibility|idh_1953_communications_1
  650. Related=first broadcast|idh_1940_communications_1
  651. Related=improved|idh_1929_communications_2
  652. Related=patented|idh_1902_electronics_1
  653.  
  654. keyword=Colosseum
  655. Related=construction; features|idh_c50CE_architecture_1
  656.  
  657. keyword=Colossus of Rhodes
  658. Related=construction; features|idh_c300BC_architecture_2
  659.  
  660. keyword=Combine
  661. Related=designed|idh_1827_food_1
  662. Related=thresher, harvester|idh_1837_food_2
  663.  
  664. keyword=Compact disc players
  665. Related=introduced|idh_1982_communications_1
  666.  
  667. keyword=Compact discs
  668. Related=technical standards|idh_1981_electronics_1
  669.  
  670. keyword=Compass
  671. Related=first|idh_c250CE_tools_1
  672.  
  673. keyword=Computer
  674. Related=all-electronic calculating|idh_1943_electronics_2
  675. Related=binary code|idh_1938_electronics_1
  676. Related="bug"|idh_1945_electronics_2
  677. Related=chess victory|idh_1989_electronics_1
  678. Related=CP/M operating system|idh_1976_electronics_2
  679. Related=Differential Analyzer|idh_1927_electronics_1
  680. Related=first company |idh_1950_electronics_1
  681. Related=IBM PC|idh_1981_communications_1
  682. Related=Leibniz's improvements|idh_1670_tools_1
  683. Related=Magnetic Drum Calculator|idh_1953_electronics_1
  684. Related=PDP-1; minicomputer|idh_1960_electronics_1
  685. Related=MS-DOS|idh_1981_communications_1
  686. Related=packet switching|idh_1964_communications_1
  687. Related=punched tape|idh_1941_electronics_1
  688.  
  689. keyword=Computer chip
  690. Related=introduced|idh_1970_electronics_1
  691. Related=large-scale integration|idh_1973_electronics_1
  692. Related=microprocessor|idh_1971_electronics_1
  693. Related=number of megabits|idh_1987_electronics_2
  694. Related=simulating neurons|idh_1991_electronics_1
  695.  
  696. keyword=Computer clone
  697. Related=IBM clone|idh_1982_electronics_1
  698.  
  699. keyword=Computer data exchange
  700. Related=RS-232-C standard|idh_1969_communications_1
  701.  
  702. keyword=Computer keyboard
  703. Related=split|idh_1986_tools_1
  704.  
  705. keyword=Computer language
  706. Related=Pascal|idh_1971_communications_1
  707.  
  708. keyword=Computer memory
  709. Related="bubble memory"|idh_1969_electronics_1
  710. Related=4-and 64-megabit|idh_1990_electronics_2
  711.  
  712. keyword=Computer mouse
  713. Related=first demonstrated|idh_1968_communications_1
  714. Related=pull-down menus, icons|idh_1983_electronics_1
  715.  
  716. keyword=Computer network
  717. Related=ARPANET|idh_1964_communications_2
  718.  
  719. keyword=Computer program
  720. Related=BASIC|idh_1965_communications_1
  721. Related=C for writing software|idh_1972_communications_1
  722. Related=compiler|idh_1951_communications_1
  723. Related=FORTRAN|idh_1954_communications_1
  724. Related=MS Windows|idh_1985_electronics_1
  725. Related=Short Code|idh_1949_communications_1
  726.  
  727. keyword=Computer software
  728. Related=Microsoft founded|idh_1977_communications_1
  729.  
  730. keyword=Computer speed
  731. Related=increased|idh_1990_electronics_3
  732.  
  733. keyword=Computer system
  734. Related=first|idh_c100BC_tools_1
  735. Related=Unix|idh_1970_electronics_3
  736.  
  737. keyword=Computer virus
  738. Related=term coined|idh_1983_electronics_2
  739.  
  740. keyword=Condensed milk
  741. Related=patented|idh_1855_food_1
  742.  
  743. keyword=Contact lens
  744. Related=developed|idh_1887_medical_1
  745. Related=soft lenses|idh_1965_medical_1
  746.  
  747. keyword=Contraception
  748. Related=pessary|idh_1867_medical_1
  749.  
  750. keyword=Convex lenses
  751. Related=introduced|idh_c300BC_tools_2
  752.  
  753. keyword=Copper ores
  754. Related=early mining, smelting|idh_c4500BC_materials_1
  755.  
  756. keyword=Corderlier
  757. Related=invented|idh_1791_tools_1
  758.  
  759. keyword=Corrugated steel
  760. Related=invented|idh_1853_architecture_1
  761.  
  762. keyword=Cortisone
  763. Related=rheumatoid arthritis|idh_1948_medical_3
  764.  
  765. keyword=Cotton
  766. Related=early cultivation|idh_c3300BC_food_1
  767. Related=gin|idh_1793_food_1
  768. Related=sewing thread|idh_1793_tools_1
  769. Related=velvets|idh_1755_materials_1
  770.  
  771. keyword=Cranks
  772. Related=early use|idh_c50CE_tools_1
  773. Related=first Western reference|idh_c300CE_medical_1
  774. Related=handle|idh_1330_tools_1
  775.  
  776. keyword=Crop rotation
  777. Related=nitrogen fixation discovered|idh_1833_food_1
  778.  
  779. keyword=Cross-fertilization
  780. Related=discovered|idh_1720_food_1
  781.  
  782. keyword=Curtain wall construction
  783. Related=invention; development|idh_1918_food_1
  784.  
  785. keyword=Cutting tools
  786. Related=Tungsten-carbide|idh_1926_materials_1
  787.  
  788. keyword=Dacron
  789. Related=invented|idh_1940_materials_1
  790.  
  791. keyword=Daguerreotypes
  792. Related=process announced|idh_1837_communications_2
  793.  
  794. keyword=Daily newspaper
  795. Related=first|idh_1700_communications_1
  796.  
  797. keyword=Dams
  798. Related=precursor of locks|idh_1110_transportation_1
  799.  
  800. keyword=Daniell cell
  801. Related=invented|idh_1835_energy_1
  802.  
  803. keyword=Database software
  804. Related=dBASE II|idh_1980_communications_1
  805.  
  806. keyword=Data storage
  807. Related=hard disk, RAMAC|idh_1956_electronics_1
  808.  
  809. keyword=DDT
  810. Related=insecticide|idh_1939_materials_1
  811.  
  812. keyword=Decaffeinated coffee
  813. Related=Sanka|idh_1903_food_2
  814.  
  815. keyword=Deep sea exploration
  816. Related=robot-submersible|idh_1993_transportation_1
  817.  
  818. keyword=Deep-sea diving
  819. Related=remote-controlled robot; Titanic wreck|idh_1985_transportation_1
  820.  
  821. keyword=Dental drill
  822. Related=first powered|idh_1857_medical_1
  823.  
  824. keyword=Dentistry
  825. Related=amalgam|idh_1827_medical_1
  826. Related=baked porcelain inlays|idh_1889_medical_1
  827. Related=cast models for false teeth|idh_1755_medical_1
  828. Related=dental drill|idh_1789_medical_1
  829. Related=first book|idh_1530_medical_1
  830.  
  831. keyword=Description of Light
  832. Related=magic lantern|idh_1640_communications_1
  833.  
  834. keyword=Desktop publishing
  835. Related=Page-Maker|idh_1985_electronics_2
  836.  
  837. keyword=Diagnosis with pulse
  838. Related=first use|idh_c150CE_medical_1
  839.  
  840. keyword=Diamond-studded saw
  841. Related=introduced|idh_1978_tools_1
  842.  
  843. keyword=Dictaphone
  844. Related=developed|idh_1885_electronics_1
  845.  
  846. keyword=Diesel locomotive
  847. Related=developed|idh_1912_transportation_1
  848.  
  849. keyword=Difference Engine
  850. Related=developed|idh_1821_tools_2
  851.  
  852. keyword=Digital audio tape
  853. Related=first demonstrated|idh_1986_electronics_1
  854.  
  855. keyword=Digital video discs
  856. Related=developed|idh_1995_communications_1
  857.  
  858. keyword=Diphtheria
  859. Related=immunization|idh_1913_medical_3
  860.  
  861. keyword=Discovery
  862. Related=Americas|idh_c950CE_transportation_1
  863.  
  864. keyword=Disposable camera
  865. Related=introduced|idh_1987_communications_1
  866.  
  867. keyword=Dissection
  868. Related=anatomical theater|idh_1490_medical_2
  869.  
  870. keyword=Diving bell
  871. Related=in exploration|idh_1530_transportation_1
  872. Related=modern form|idh_1755_transportation_1
  873.  
  874. keyword=Dolby sound
  875. Related=developed|idh_1967_communications_1
  876.  
  877. keyword=Dome of the Rock
  878. Related=construction; restoration|idh_c650CE_architecture_1
  879.  
  880. keyword=Dome-shaped houses
  881. Related=early examples|idh_c8000BC_architecture_1
  882.  
  883. keyword=Domes
  884. Related=Santa Sophia|idh_c500CE_architecture_1
  885.  
  886. keyword=Domestication
  887. Related=cat|idh_c20_000BC_food_1
  888. Related=dog|idh_c10_000BC_food_1
  889. Related=donkey; mule|idh_c3500BC_food_1
  890. Related=horse|idh_c2300BC_food_1
  891. Related=pig; cow|idh_c7000BC_food_1
  892. Related=wheat; goats; sheep|idh_c9000BC_food_1
  893. Related=yam; duck; yak|idh_c2500BC_food_1
  894.  
  895. keyword=Drilling
  896. Related=bit-and-brace|idh_1420_tools_1
  897.  
  898. keyword=Drive belt
  899. Related=earliest representation|idh_1430_tools_1
  900.  
  901. keyword=Dry dock
  902. Related=invented|idh_c2OOBC_transportation_2
  903.  
  904. keyword=Dyes
  905. Related=shellfish|idh_c1000BC_materials_1
  906.  
  907. keyword=Dynamometer
  908. Related=invention; features|idh_1881_tools_1
  909.  
  910. keyword=Earliest known text
  911. Related=Buddhist charm scroll|idh_c700CE_communications_1
  912.  
  913. keyword=Early alphabet
  914. Related=developed|idh_c1500BC_communications_1
  915.  
  916. keyword=Early animal images
  917. Related=three-dimensional|idh_c30_000BC_communications_2
  918.  
  919. keyword=Early cuneiform
  920. Related=Babylonian|idh_c1800BC_communications_1
  921.  
  922. keyword=Ebonite
  923. Related=discovery; use|idh_1845_materials_1
  924.  
  925. keyword=EDSAC computer
  926. Related=in operation|idh_1949_electronics_1
  927.  
  928. keyword=EDVAC computer
  929. Related=research begun|idh_1945_electronics_1
  930.  
  931. keyword=Eiffel tower
  932. Related=construction; features|idh_1889_food_1
  933.  
  934. keyword=Eight-day clock
  935. Related=development; features|idh_1710_tools_1
  936.  
  937. keyword=Electric automobile
  938. Related=first marketed|idh_1894_transportation_1
  939.  
  940. keyword=Electric battery watch
  941. Related=first marketed|idh_1956_tools_1
  942.  
  943. keyword=Electric census system
  944. Related=developed|idh_1890_electronics_1
  945.  
  946. keyword=Electric furnace
  947. Related=invention; features|idh_1879_materials_1
  948.  
  949. keyword=Electric generator
  950. Related=early development|idh_1700_energy_1
  951. Related=first practical|idh_1861_energy_1
  952. Related=hydraulic|idh_1895_energy_1
  953. Related=improvements|idh_1845_energy_1
  954. Related=shuttle winding|idh_1857_energy_1
  955.  
  956. keyword=Electric guitar
  957. Related=invented|idh_1931_electronics_1
  958. Related=marketed|idh_1935_electronics_1
  959.  
  960. keyword=Electric lamp
  961. Related=bamboo filament|idh_1853_energy_1
  962. Related=patented; improved|idh_1845_energy_2
  963.  
  964. keyword=Electric lighting
  965. Related=early power stations|idh_1882_energy_1
  966.  
  967. keyword=Electric locomotive
  968. Related=first|idh_1895_transportation_1
  969.  
  970. keyword=Electric ovens
  971. Related=marketed|idh_1890_food_1
  972.  
  973. keyword=Electric railway
  974. Related=demonstration; construction|idh_1879_transportation_1
  975.  
  976. keyword=Electric typewriter
  977. Related=early version|idh_1855_communications_1
  978. Related=patented|idh_1871_communications_1
  979.  
  980. keyword=Electricity
  981. Related=Franklin's description|idh_1751_energy_1
  982. Related=Franklin's test|idh_1749_energy_1
  983. Related=Leiden jar|idh_1745_energy_1
  984. Related=piezoelectric effect|idh_1880_electronics_1
  985. Related=Volta's contribution|idh_1775_energy_1
  986.  
  987. keyword=Electroencephalogram
  988. Related=developed|idh_1929_medical_1
  989.  
  990. keyword=Electromagnet
  991. Related=Faraday's study|idh_1821_energy_1
  992. Related=Henry's study|idh_1829_tools_1
  993.  
  994. keyword=Electromagnetic induction
  995. Related=discovered|idh_1831_energy_1
  996. Related=lightbulb induction|idh_1991_energy_1
  997.  
  998. keyword=Electromagnetic telegraph
  999. Related=developed|idh_1831_communications_1
  1000.  
  1001. keyword=Electromagnetic waves
  1002. Related=radio|idh_1883_communications_1
  1003.  
  1004. keyword=Electrometer
  1005. Related=invention; features|idh_1765_tools_1
  1006.  
  1007. keyword=Electron discovered
  1008. Related=discovery; features|idh_1897_energy_1
  1009.  
  1010. keyword=Electron microscope
  1011. Related=invention; features|idh_1933_tools_1
  1012. Related=scanning electron microscope|idh_1969_tools_1
  1013.  
  1014. keyword=Electronic computer
  1015. Related=developed|idh_1937_electronics_1
  1016.  
  1017. keyword=Electronic scanners
  1018. Related=introduction; use|idh_1974_communications_1
  1019.  
  1020. keyword=Electroplating
  1021. Related=introduced|idh_1837_materials_2
  1022.  
  1023. keyword=Electroscope
  1024. Related=invented|idh_1765_tools_2
  1025.  
  1026. keyword=Elevator
  1027. Related=safety guard|idh_1853_transportation_1
  1028. Related=safety-equipped passenger|idh_1857_transportation_1
  1029.  
  1030. keyword=Empire State Building
  1031. Related=construction; features|idh_1931_food_1
  1032.  
  1033. keyword=Encoding machine
  1034. Related=Bletchley Park|idh_1940_electronics_1
  1035. Related=invented|idh_1919_electronics_1
  1036.  
  1037. keyword=Encyclopedia
  1038. Related=Encyclopaedia Britannica|idh_1771_communications_1
  1039.  
  1040. keyword=Energy efficient building
  1041. Related=environmental demonstration building|idh_1976_food_1
  1042.  
  1043. keyword=Engine
  1044. Related=cause of "knock"|idh_1913_energy_1
  1045. Related=four-stroke internal combustion|idh_1861_energy_2
  1046. Related=improved internal combustion|idh_1867_energy_1
  1047.  
  1048. keyword=English telegraph
  1049. Related=patented|idh_1837_communications_3
  1050.  
  1051. keyword=ENIAC computer
  1052. Related=developed|idh_1946_electronics_1
  1053.  
  1054. keyword=Escape velocity
  1055. Related=first calculation; features|idh_1881_transportation_1
  1056.  
  1057. keyword=Ether
  1058. Related=first|idh_1841_medical_1
  1059.  
  1060. keyword=Ethernet
  1061. Related=development; features|idh_1975_communications_1
  1062.  
  1063. keyword=Eugenics
  1064. Related=introduced|idh_1883_medical_1
  1065.  
  1066. keyword=Eyeglasses
  1067. Related=bifocals|idh_1783_medical_1
  1068.  
  1069. keyword=Farming
  1070. Related=barbed wire|idh_1873_food_1
  1071. Related=early Chinese practices|idh_c500BC_food_1
  1072. Related=tractors|idh_1955_food_1
  1073.  
  1074. keyword=Fax machine
  1075. Related=early version; television|idh_1847_communications_1
  1076. Related=invention; features|idh_1902_communications_1
  1077.  
  1078. keyword=Ferrite-core memory
  1079. Related=invention; features|idh_1953_electronics_2
  1080.  
  1081. keyword=Field-effect transistor
  1082. Related=invention|idh_1979_electronics_1
  1083.  
  1084. keyword=Fingerprints
  1085. Related=studied|idh_1680_medical_1
  1086.  
  1087. keyword=Fire
  1088. Related=early use|idh_c1_500_000BC_materials_1
  1089. Related=fire escape|idh_1887_food_1
  1090.  
  1091. keyword=Firearm
  1092. Related=bursting charge|idh_1885_materials_1
  1093. Related=Howitzer|idh_1739_tools_1
  1094. Related=patched balls|idh_1775_tools_1
  1095.  
  1096. keyword=Fired bricks
  1097. Related=early use|idh_c3500BC_materials_1
  1098.  
  1099. keyword=First-aid
  1100. Related=bandage|idh_1869_medical_1
  1101.  
  1102. keyword=Fishing nets
  1103. Related=drift|idh_1410_food_1
  1104.  
  1105. keyword=Fishing reel
  1106. Related=oldest depiction|idh_1190_food_1
  1107.  
  1108. keyword=Floating Bridge
  1109. Related=longest|idh_1978_transportation_1
  1110.  
  1111. keyword=Floppy disk
  1112. Related=introduced|idh_1970_electronics_2
  1113.  
  1114. keyword=Flour mill
  1115. Related=roller|idh_1580_food_1
  1116. Related=mechanized|idh_1783_food_1
  1117.  
  1118. keyword=Fluorescent lamps
  1119. Related=introduced|idh_1938_energy_1
  1120.  
  1121. keyword=Fluoridation
  1122. Related=introduced in US|idh_1945_medical_1
  1123.  
  1124. keyword=Fluoride
  1125. Related=dental decay|idh_1873_medical_1
  1126.  
  1127. keyword=Flush toilet
  1128. Related=designed; described|idh_1580_architecture_1
  1129. Related=modern form|idh_1886_food_1
  1130.  
  1131. keyword=Flying buttresses
  1132. Related=in Gothic church|idh_1120_architecture_1
  1133.  
  1134. keyword=Flying machine
  1135. Related=da Vinci's drawing|idh_1490_transportation_1
  1136.  
  1137. keyword=Flying shuttle loom
  1138. Related=invented|idh_1733_tools_1
  1139.  
  1140. keyword=FM radio
  1141. Related=digital data|idh_1986_electronics_2
  1142. Related=patenting; features|idh_1933_communications_1
  1143. Related=regularly scheduled stations|idh_1941_communications_2
  1144.  
  1145. keyword=Fokker aircraft
  1146. Related=first|idh_1915_transportation_2
  1147.  
  1148. keyword=Food preservation
  1149. Related=curing|idh_1440_food_1
  1150. Related=early theory|idh_1765_food_1
  1151. Related=early Chinese|idh_c1000BC_food_1
  1152. Related=freezing|idh_1917_food_1
  1153. Related=vacuum process|idh_1871_food_1
  1154.  
  1155. keyword=Food storage
  1156. Related=first evidence|idh_c25_000BC_food_1
  1157.  
  1158. keyword=Ford's automobile
  1159. Related=Model T|idh_1908_transportation_1
  1160.  
  1161. keyword=Forks
  1162. Related=gold, silver|idh_1370_food_1
  1163. Related=introduced|idh_c600CE_food_1
  1164.  
  1165. keyword=Fountain pen
  1166. Related=invented|idh_1779_communications_1
  1167.  
  1168. keyword=Four-wheeled cart
  1169. Related=first representation|idh_1390_transportation_1
  1170.  
  1171. keyword=Four-wheeled wagon
  1172. Related=first successful passenger|idh_1450_transportation_1
  1173.  
  1174. keyword=Franklin stove
  1175. Related=invented|idh_1743_energy_1
  1176.  
  1177. keyword=Freeze-dried coffee
  1178. Related=first manufactured|idh_1934_food_1
  1179.  
  1180. keyword=Freeze-drying
  1181. Related=developed|idh_1906_food_1
  1182.  
  1183. keyword=Freon
  1184. Related=banned|idh_1978_materials_1
  1185. Related=effect on ozone layer|idh_1974_materials_1
  1186. Related=Montreal Protocol Amendments|idh_1990_materials_1
  1187.  
  1188. keyword=Fresh Kills Landfill
  1189. Related=opened|idh_1948_food_1
  1190.  
  1191. keyword=Fresnel lens
  1192. Related=invented|idh_1823_materials_1
  1193.  
  1194. keyword=Friction match
  1195. Related=invented|idh_1827_materials_1
  1196.  
  1197. keyword=Frozen foods
  1198. Related=first marketed|idh_1939_food_1
  1199.  
  1200. keyword=Fuel cells
  1201. Related=successful application; use|idh_1965_energy_1
  1202.  
  1203. keyword=Fuel injection engine
  1204. Related=developed|idh_1966_transportation_1
  1205.  
  1206. keyword=Fuel pipeline
  1207. Related=first completed|idh_1871_energy_1
  1208.  
  1209. keyword=Fumigation
  1210. Related=Chinese techniques|idh_c600BC_food_1
  1211.  
  1212. keyword=Galvanometer
  1213. Related=invented|idh_1819_tools_1
  1214. Related=string galvanometer|idh_1903_medical_2
  1215.  
  1216. keyword=Gas lighting
  1217. Related=introduced|idh_1815_architecture_1
  1218.  
  1219. keyword=Gaseous diffusion method
  1220. Related=invention; features|idh_1944_energy_1
  1221.  
  1222. keyword=Gasohol
  1223. Related=Brazilian program|idh_1974_energy_1
  1224.  
  1225. keyword=Gasoline
  1226. Related=coal hydrogenation|idh_1913_materials_1
  1227. Related=tetraethyl lead|idh_1921_energy_1
  1228.  
  1229. keyword=Gastroscope
  1230. Related=developed|idh_1911_medical_1
  1231.  
  1232. keyword=Gauze mask
  1233. Related=use in surgery|idh_1896_medical_2
  1234.  
  1235. keyword=GE broadcast
  1236. Related=first television|idh_1928_communications_2
  1237.  
  1238. keyword=Geiger counter
  1239. Related=developed|idh_1913_tools_1
  1240.  
  1241. keyword=Gelatin dessert
  1242. Related=invented|idh_1845_food_1
  1243. Related=manufactured|idh_1897_food_3
  1244.  
  1245. keyword=Gene mapping
  1246. Related=project launched|idh_1989_medical_1
  1247. Related=project proposed|idh_1984_medical_1
  1248.  
  1249. keyword=Generators
  1250. Related=largest pumped storage station|idh_1963_energy_1
  1251.  
  1252. keyword=Genetic engineering
  1253. Related=genes transferred|idh_1980_medical_1
  1254. Related=growth hormone|idh_1985_medical_1
  1255. Related=hepatitis B vaccine|idh_1986_medical_1
  1256. Related=human insulin synthesized|idh_1979_medical_1
  1257. Related=patent for oncomouse|idh_1992_medical_1
  1258. Related=synthetic insulin approved|idh_1982_medical_2
  1259. Related=virus introduced|idh_1990_medical_1
  1260.  
  1261. keyword=Geosynchronous satellite
  1262. Related=proposed|idh_1945_communications_1
  1263.  
  1264. keyword=Germanium crystal
  1265. Related=and electronic chip|idh_1915_electronics_2
  1266.  
  1267. keyword=Germs
  1268. Related=tuberculosis|idh_1882_medical_1
  1269.  
  1270. keyword=Glass
  1271. Related=reinforced|idh_1893_materials_1
  1272. Related=windowpanes|idh_c100CE_materials_1
  1273.  
  1274. keyword=Glassblowing
  1275. Related=developed|idh_c100BC_materials_1
  1276.  
  1277. keyword=Glider
  1278. Related=developed; flown|idh_1807_transportation_2
  1279. Related=Wright brothers|idh_1901_transportation_1
  1280.  
  1281. keyword=Gliders
  1282. Related=Lilienthal's pair|idh_1880_transportation_1
  1283. Related=Lilienthal's series|idh_1877_transportation_2
  1284.  
  1285. keyword=Globe map
  1286. Related=first|idh_1490_communications_2
  1287.  
  1288. keyword=Globe Theater
  1289. Related=construction; features|idh_1590_architecture_1
  1290.  
  1291. keyword=Goiter
  1292. Related=iodine treatment|idh_1817_medical_1
  1293.  
  1294. keyword=Gold
  1295. Related=dental bridgework|idh_c1000BC_materials_2
  1296. Related=filling teeth|idh_1450_medical_1
  1297.  
  1298. keyword=Golden Gate Bridge
  1299. Related=completed|idh_1937_transportation_1
  1300.  
  1301. keyword=Grand Coulee Dam
  1302. Related=construction; features|idh_1933_food_1
  1303.  
  1304. keyword=Gravettian tools
  1305. Related=early examples|idh_c25_000BC_tools_1
  1306.  
  1307. keyword=Great Wall of China
  1308. Related=construction; features|idh_c300BC_architecture_1
  1309.  
  1310. keyword=Green architecture
  1311. Related=Internationale Nederlanden Group Bank|idh_1987_food_1
  1312. Related=National Audubon Society Building|idh_1992_food_1
  1313.  
  1314. keyword=Greenhouse effect
  1315. Related=first warnings|idh_1967_energy_1
  1316.  
  1317. keyword=Gunpowder
  1318. Related=cordite|idh_1889_materials_1
  1319. Related=first recipes|idh_1040_materials_1
  1320. Related=in combat|idh_1220_tools_1
  1321. Related=in Japan|idh_1290_materials_1
  1322. Related=primitive version|idh_c850CE_materials_1
  1323.  
  1324. keyword=Hale telescope
  1325. Related=design; installation|idh_1936_tools_1
  1326. Related=operation; features|idh_1948_tools_1
  1327.  
  1328. keyword=Hammer-beam truss
  1329. Related=developed|idh_1200_architecture_1
  1330.  
  1331. keyword=Hand-washing
  1332. Related=in preventing disease|idh_1843_medical_1
  1333.  
  1334. keyword=Hard disk drive
  1335. Related=in personal computer|idh_1983_electronics_3
  1336.  
  1337. keyword=Hearing aid
  1338. Related=invented|idh_1902_medical_1
  1339.  
  1340. keyword=Heart transplant
  1341. Related=first successful|idh_1968_medical_1
  1342.  
  1343. keyword=Heart-lung machine
  1344. Related=development; use|idh_1951_medical_1
  1345.  
  1346. keyword=Hearths
  1347. Related=early examples|idh_c40_000BC_materials_2
  1348.  
  1349. keyword=Helicopter
  1350. Related=da Vinci's design|idh_1500_transportation_1
  1351. Related=first practical|idh_1936_transportation_1
  1352. Related=propellers|idh_1877_transportation_1
  1353.  
  1354. keyword=Herbicide
  1355. Related=first modern|idh_1945_food_1
  1356. Related=relation to disease|idh_1957_food_1
  1357.  
  1358. keyword=Heterodyne principle
  1359. Related=discovery; features|idh_1901_communications_2
  1360.  
  1361. keyword=Hieroglyphics
  1362. Related=development; precursors|idh_c200CE_communications_1
  1363.  
  1364. keyword=High speed steel
  1365. Related=new methods|idh_1898_materials_1
  1366.  
  1367. keyword=High-definition television
  1368. Related=first prototype|idh_1991_communications_1
  1369.  
  1370. keyword=High-speed train
  1371. Related=invention; use|idh_1964_transportation_1
  1372.  
  1373. keyword=Hip replacement
  1374. Related=first total|idh_1938_medical_1
  1375.  
  1376. keyword=Honeybee
  1377. Related=domesticated|idh_c2400BC_food_1
  1378.  
  1379. keyword=Horse collar
  1380. Related=introduced|idh_c800CE_food_1
  1381.  
  1382. keyword=Horses
  1383. Related=early taming, riding|idh_c4000BC_transportation_2
  1384. Related=horseshoe|idh_c900CE_transportation_1
  1385. Related=machine-made horseshoe|idh_1835_food_1
  1386.  
  1387. keyword=Hot-air motor
  1388. Related=patented|idh_1817_energy_1
  1389.  
  1390. keyword=Hourglass
  1391. Related=invented|idh_1300_tools_1
  1392.  
  1393. keyword=Hovercraft
  1394. Related=patented|idh_1955_transportation_1
  1395.  
  1396. keyword=Human embryo transfer
  1397. Related=first successful|idh_1983_medical_1
  1398.  
  1399. keyword=Human-powered airplane
  1400. Related=English Channel flight|idh_1979_transportation_1
  1401.  
  1402. keyword=Hydraulic press
  1403. Related=invention; features|idh_1795_tools_1
  1404.  
  1405. keyword=Hydraulic saw
  1406. Related=early description|idh_1230_tools_1
  1407.  
  1408. keyword=Hydroelectricity
  1409. Related=alternating current|idh_1890_energy_1
  1410.  
  1411. keyword=Hydrofoil boat
  1412. Related=invented|idh_1918_transportation_1
  1413.  
  1414. keyword=Hydrometer
  1415. Related=invented|idh_1767_tools_1
  1416.  
  1417. keyword=Hydroscope
  1418. Related=development; features|idh_c400CE_tools_1
  1419.  
  1420. keyword=Hypnotism
  1421. Related=medical uses|idh_1773_medical_1
  1422.  
  1423. keyword=Hysterectomy
  1424. Related=first performed|idh_1821_medical_1
  1425.  
  1426. keyword=IBM
  1427. Related=founded|idh_1896_electronics_1
  1428.  
  1429. keyword=Ice man
  1430. Related=discovery; features|idh_c3300BC_materials_1
  1431.  
  1432. keyword=Iconoscope
  1433. Related=patented|idh_1923_communications_1
  1434.  
  1435. keyword=ILIAC I computer
  1436. Related=proposed; built|idh_1949_electronics_3
  1437.  
  1438. keyword=In vitro fertilization
  1439. Related=first successful|idh_1978_medical_1
  1440.  
  1441. keyword=Incandescent lamp
  1442. Related=cellulose filaments|idh_1894_energy_1
  1443. Related=filaments|idh_1849_energy_2
  1444. Related=first recorded|idh_1819_energy_1
  1445. Related=patented|idh_1841_energy_1
  1446.  
  1447. keyword=Incubators
  1448. Related=early examples|idh_c700BC_food_1
  1449.  
  1450. keyword=Induction coil
  1451. Related=developed|idh_1851_energy_1
  1452.  
  1453. keyword=Industrial laboratories
  1454. Related=Edison|idh_1875_architecture_1
  1455.  
  1456. keyword=Ink-jet printer
  1457. Related=developed|idh_1976_communications_1
  1458.  
  1459. keyword=Inoculation
  1460. Related=early experiments|idh_1700_medical_1
  1461. Related=smallpox|idh_1797_medical_1
  1462.  
  1463. keyword=Insecticide
  1464. Related=benzene hexachloride|idh_1825_food_1
  1465. Related=early examples|idh_c100CE_food_1
  1466.  
  1467. keyword=Integrated circuits
  1468. Related=invented|idh_1958_electronics_1
  1469. Related=Intel Corporation|idh_1968_electronics_1
  1470.  
  1471. keyword=Internal combustion
  1472. Related=diesel|idh_1893_energy_1
  1473. Related=high-voltage ignition|idh_1902_energy_2
  1474. Related=invented|idh_1823_energy_1
  1475.  
  1476. keyword=Internet browser
  1477. Related=standard software|idh_1994_communications_1
  1478.  
  1479. keyword=Iodine
  1480. Related=as disinfectant|idh_1910_medical_2
  1481.  
  1482. keyword=Ion microscope
  1483. Related=development; features|idh_1955_tools_1
  1484.  
  1485. keyword=Iron
  1486. Related=coal smelting|idh_1610_materials_1
  1487. Related=early smelting|idh_1200_materials_1
  1488. Related=early use|idh_c1200BC_materials_1
  1489. Related=improved blast furnace|idh_1747_materials_1
  1490. Related=iron lung|idh_1927_medical_1
  1491.  
  1492. keyword=Ironclad warship
  1493. Related=developed|idh_1590_transportation_1
  1494.  
  1495. keyword=Irrigation
  1496. Related=early example|idh_c1900bc_food_1
  1497.  
  1498. keyword=Jacquard loom
  1499. Related=development; features|idh_1805_tools_1
  1500.  
  1501. keyword=Jet airplane
  1502. Related=Atlantic crossing|idh_1949_transportation_1
  1503. Related=first flight|idh_1939_transportation_2
  1504. Related=first British example|idh_1941_transportation_1
  1505.  
  1506. keyword=Jet engine
  1507. Related=built|idh_1937_energy_1
  1508. Related=patented|idh_1930_energy_1
  1509.  
  1510. keyword=Jukebox
  1511. Related=early example|idh_1889_electronics_1
  1512.  
  1513. keyword=Julian calendar
  1514. Related=introduced|idh_c100BC_communications_1
  1515.  
  1516. keyword=Kidney transplant
  1517. Related=chimpanzee kidney|idh_1963_medical_3
  1518. Related=first performed|idh_1953_medical_1
  1519.  
  1520. keyword=Kites
  1521. Related=message-sending|idh_1230_communications_1
  1522.  
  1523. keyword=Knitted fabrics
  1524. Related=earliest known|idh_c300CE_materials_2
  1525.  
  1526. keyword=Laser
  1527. Related=advanced experiments|idh_1985_tools_2
  1528. Related=carbon-dioxide|idh_1970_tools_1
  1529. Related=development; features|idh_1960_tools_1
  1530. Related=early development|idh_1957_tools_1
  1531. Related=improved|idh_1984_tools_1
  1532. Related=in surgery|idh_1962_medical_1
  1533. Related=miniature|idh_1980_tools_1
  1534.  
  1535. keyword=Lateen sail
  1536. Related=early use|idh_1400_transportation_2
  1537.  
  1538. keyword=Lathe
  1539. Related=first described|idh_1700_tools_1
  1540. Related=improved|idh_1799_tools_1
  1541. Related=slide rest|idh_1797_tools_1
  1542.  
  1543. keyword=Lattice truss
  1544. Related=invention; features|idh_1819_architecture_1
  1545.  
  1546. keyword=Laughing gas
  1547. Related=discovered|idh_1799_medical_1
  1548.  
  1549. keyword=Lawn mower
  1550. Related=first motor-powered|idh_1902_tools_1
  1551.  
  1552. keyword=Lead beads
  1553. Related=early examples|idh_c6000BC_materials_1
  1554.  
  1555. keyword=Lead poisoning
  1556. Related=first list of symptoms|idh_c650CE_medical_1
  1557. Related=lead paint|idh_1917_medical_1
  1558. Related=specific diseases identified|idh_1767_medical_1
  1559.  
  1560. keyword=Learning machine
  1561. Related=first example|idh_1938_electronics_2
  1562.  
  1563. keyword=LEC
  1564. Related=discovery; features|idh_1995_tools_1
  1565.  
  1566. keyword=Lemon plant
  1567. Related=introduced|idh_c1000CE_food_1
  1568.  
  1569. keyword=Lenses
  1570. Related=described|idh_1833_tools_1
  1571.  
  1572. keyword=Ligature
  1573. Related=first|idh_1793_medical_1
  1574.  
  1575. keyword=Light
  1576. Related=Einstein; photoemissive photoelectric effect|idh_1905_electronics_1
  1577. Related=electric|idh_1650_energy_1
  1578. Related=high-intensity light bulb|idh_1994_energy_1
  1579.  
  1580. keyword=Lighthouse
  1581. Related=first since Romans|idh_1150_architecture_1
  1582. Related=Genoa|idh_1130_architecture_2
  1583.  
  1584. keyword=Lighting
  1585. Related=bamboo filament|idh_1880_energy_1
  1586. Related=woodgas system|idh_1801_architecture_1
  1587.  
  1588. keyword=Linotype
  1589. Related=invented|idh_1884_communications_1
  1590.  
  1591. keyword=Liquid gasoline
  1592. Related=in internal combustion|idh_1869_energy_1
  1593.  
  1594. keyword=Liquid-fueled rocket
  1595. Related=experiments|idh_1938_transportation_1
  1596.  
  1597. keyword=Lithography
  1598. Related=invention; features|idh_1797_communications_1
  1599.  
  1600. keyword=Lithotripter
  1601. Related=development; features|idh_1980_medical_2
  1602.  
  1603. keyword=Liver transplant
  1604. Related=baboon liver|idh_1992_medical_3
  1605. Related=first performed|idh_1963_medical_2
  1606.  
  1607. keyword=Locks, keys
  1608. Related=invented|idh_c400BC_tools_1
  1609.  
  1610. keyword=London Bridge
  1611. Related=first|idh_1170_architecture_1
  1612. Related=second|idh_1831_architecture_2
  1613.  
  1614. keyword=Longbows
  1615. Related=English longbow|idh_1410_materials_1
  1616.  
  1617. keyword=Looms
  1618. Related=early depictions|idh_c2000BC_tools_3
  1619.  
  1620. keyword=LP records
  1621. Related=developed|idh_1948_communications_2
  1622.  
  1623. keyword=Lunar landing
  1624. Related=first|idh_1969_transportation_1
  1625.  
  1626. keyword=Lung transplant
  1627. Related=first performed|idh_1963_medical_1
  1628.  
  1629. keyword=Machine drill
  1630. Related=invention; features|idh_1700_food_1
  1631.  
  1632. keyword=Machine gun
  1633. Related=development; features; use|idh_1884_tools_1
  1634.  
  1635. keyword=Machine lubrication
  1636. Related=system|idh_1890_tools_1
  1637.  
  1638. keyword=Maglev train
  1639. Related=invention; features|idh_1995_transportation_1
  1640.  
  1641. keyword=Magnet hydrodynamic generator
  1642. Related=invention; features|idh_1988_energy_1
  1643.  
  1644. keyword=Magnetic compass
  1645. Related=first European reference|idh_1190_transportation_1
  1646.  
  1647. keyword=Magnetron
  1648. Related=first practical|idh_1939_electronics_1
  1649. Related=invention; features|idh_1921_electronics_1
  1650.  
  1651. keyword=Maiden Castle
  1652. Related=construction; features|idh_c400BC_architecture_1
  1653.  
  1654. keyword=Maize
  1655. Related=domesticated|idh_c4000BC_food_1
  1656. Related=hybridized|idh_1811_food_1
  1657.  
  1658. keyword=Malaria treatment
  1659. Related=methylene blue|idh_1891_medical_1
  1660.  
  1661. keyword=Mammography
  1662. Related=developed|idh_1913_medical_1
  1663.  
  1664. keyword=Mammoth bone dwellings
  1665. Related=early examples|idh_c40_000BC_architecture_1
  1666. Related=underground entrance|idh_c15_000BC_architecture_1
  1667.  
  1668. keyword=Mammoth tooth
  1669. Related=early carvings|idh_c110_000BC_tools_1
  1670.  
  1671. keyword=Map
  1672. Related=early map of Earth|idh_c600BC_communications_1
  1673. Related=polimetrum|idh_1510_tools_1
  1674.  
  1675. keyword=Marco Polo Bridge
  1676. Related=construction; features; use|idh_1180_architecture_1
  1677.  
  1678. keyword=Margarine
  1679. Related=invention; features|idh_1867_food_1
  1680.  
  1681. keyword=Mason's tools
  1682. Related=early development|idh_c2500BC_tools_1
  1683.  
  1684. keyword=Matches
  1685. Related=invention|idh_c550CE_materials_2
  1686.  
  1687. keyword=Mathematical language
  1688. Related=developed|idh_1660_communications_1
  1689.  
  1690. keyword=Mechanical calculator
  1691. Related=early examples|idh_1620_tools_1
  1692.  
  1693. keyword=Mechanical clock
  1694. Related=chained drive|idh_c950CE_tools_1
  1695. Related=earliest surviving|idh_1380_tools_1
  1696. Related=early examples|idh_1280_tools_2
  1697.  
  1698. keyword=Medical school
  1699. Related=first American|idh_1765_medical_1
  1700. Related=Royal College of Physicians|idh_1510_medical_1
  1701.  
  1702. keyword=Medical society
  1703. Related=first American|idh_1763_medical_1
  1704.  
  1705. keyword=Medical tests
  1706. Related=syphilis|idh_1906_medical_1
  1707.  
  1708. keyword=Mental health
  1709. Related=first treatment institution|idh_1751_medical_1
  1710.  
  1711. keyword=Mercury pump
  1712. Related=introduced; electric lamps|idh_1873_tools_1
  1713.  
  1714. keyword=Metal
  1715. Related=all-metal airplane|idh_1915_transportation_1
  1716. Related=hardness test|idh_1900_materials_1
  1717.  
  1718. keyword=Metal containers
  1719. Related=in canning|idh_1839_food_1
  1720.  
  1721. keyword=Metals
  1722. Related=superconductivity in|idh_1957_materials_1
  1723.  
  1724. keyword=Metal type
  1725. Related=in printing|idh_1390_communications_1
  1726.  
  1727. keyword=Methanol
  1728. Related=methane production|idh_1993_materials_1
  1729.  
  1730. keyword=Microbiology
  1731. Related=growth in culture|idh_1875_medical_1
  1732.  
  1733. keyword=Microcomputer
  1734. Related=earliest experiments|idh_1974_electronics_1
  1735.  
  1736. keyword=Microdot photography
  1737. Related=invention; features|idh_1859_communications_1
  1738.  
  1739. keyword=Micrometer
  1740. Related=invention; features|idh_1630_tools_1
  1741.  
  1742. keyword=Microprocessor
  1743. Related=improved|idh_1983_electronics_4
  1744. Related=Pentium|idh_1993_electronics_1
  1745.  
  1746. keyword=Microscope
  1747. Related=development; features|idh_1985_tools_1
  1748. Related=invented|idh_1600_tools_1
  1749.  
  1750. keyword=Microsurgery
  1751. Related=introduced|idh_1921_medical_1
  1752.  
  1753. keyword=Microwave oven
  1754. Related=invented|idh_1953_food_1
  1755. Related=improved|idh_1967_food_1
  1756.  
  1757. keyword=Microwaves
  1758. Related=discovered|idh_1932_energy_1
  1759.  
  1760. keyword=MIDI
  1761. Related=introduced|idh_1984_electronics_1
  1762.  
  1763. keyword=Milk
  1764. Related=genetically engineered|idh_1994_food_1
  1765. Related=milk chocolate|idh_1875_food_1
  1766.  
  1767. keyword=Milling machine
  1768. Related=invention; features; use|idh_1817_tools_1
  1769.  
  1770. keyword=Mini-computer
  1771. Related=invented|idh_1965_electronics_1
  1772.  
  1773. keyword=Minitel
  1774. Related=founded|idh_1980_electronics_1
  1775.  
  1776. keyword=Minnie ball
  1777. Related=invention; features|idh_1849_materials_1
  1778.  
  1779. keyword=Mirrors
  1780. Related=reflecting metals|idh_1550_materials_1
  1781.  
  1782. keyword=Mobile telephones
  1783. Related=introduced|idh_1946_communications_1
  1784.  
  1785. keyword=Modern clock
  1786. Related=first described|idh_1360_tools_1
  1787.  
  1788. keyword=Modern sewage plant
  1789. Related=introduced|idh_1914_medical_1
  1790.  
  1791. keyword=Modern ships
  1792. Related=earliest known|idh_1020_transportation_1
  1793.  
  1794. keyword=Modern washing machine
  1795. Related=developed|idh_1916_tools_1
  1796.  
  1797. keyword=Monumental building
  1798. Related=early example|idh_c1500BC_architecture_1
  1799.  
  1800. keyword=Motion picture
  1801. Related=16-mm film|idh_1923_communications_2
  1802. Related=CinemaScope|idh_1952_communications_1
  1803. Related=cinΘmatographe|idh_1895_communications_1
  1804. Related=circular screen; Cinerama|idh_1900_communications_1
  1805. Related=early examples|idh_1888_communications_1
  1806. Related=Edison's system|idh_1891_communications_1
  1807. Related=first projected|idh_1889_communications_1
  1808. Related=first talking|idh_1926_communications_2
  1809. Related=synchronized sound|idh_1920_communications_2
  1810.  
  1811. keyword=Motorbike
  1812. Related=invented|idh_1885_transportation_3
  1813.  
  1814. keyword=Motorboat
  1815. Related=invented|idh_1883_transportation_1
  1816. Related=outboard|idh_1905_transportation_1
  1817.  
  1818. keyword=Motors
  1819. Related=alternating current induction|idh_1888_energy_1
  1820. Related=float-feed carburetor|idh_1893_energy_2
  1821.  
  1822. keyword=Mousterian tools
  1823. Related=earliest known|idh_c150_000BC_tools_1
  1824.  
  1825. keyword=Movable type
  1826. Related=Gutenberg; Koster|idh_1440_communications_1
  1827. Related=invention; features|idh_1040_communications_1
  1828.  
  1829. keyword=MRI
  1830. Related=construction; use|idh_1977_medical_2
  1831. Related=patenting; features|idh_1971_medical_1
  1832.  
  1833. keyword=Multicolor printing
  1834. Related=invented|idh_1100_communications_2
  1835.  
  1836. keyword=Multiple cropping
  1837. Related=early use|idh_c1400BC_food_1
  1838.  
  1839. keyword=Multiple telegraph
  1840. Related=patenting; features|idh_1873_communications_3
  1841.  
  1842. keyword=Multiwire telegraph
  1843. Related=developed|idh_1809_communications_1
  1844.  
  1845. keyword=Mummification
  1846. Related=early use|idh_c2600BC_materials_1
  1847.  
  1848. keyword=Musical instruments
  1849. Related=earliest known|idh_c30_000BC_architecture_1
  1850.  
  1851. keyword=Napier bones
  1852. Related=description; features|idh_1610_tools_1
  1853.  
  1854. keyword=Naval vessel
  1855. Related=largest Classical example|idh_c200BC_transportation_1
  1856.  
  1857. keyword=Navigation
  1858. Related=radio beacon|idh_1928_transportation_1
  1859.  
  1860. keyword=Nazca figures
  1861. Related=early desert drawings|idh_c150CE_communications_1
  1862.  
  1863. keyword=NBC-TV
  1864. Related=first television station|idh_1929_communications_1
  1865.  
  1866. keyword=New foods
  1867. Related=avocado|idh_c5000BC_food_1
  1868.  
  1869. keyword=Newspapers
  1870. Related=early examples|idh_c600CE_communications_1
  1871.  
  1872. keyword=Nipkow disk
  1873. Related=invention; features|idh_1884_electronics_1
  1874. Related=use in television|idh_1926_communications_3
  1875.  
  1876. keyword=Nitinol
  1877. Related=uses; features|idh_1962_materials_1
  1878.  
  1879. keyword=Nitrated paper
  1880. Related=as explosive|idh_1837_materials_1
  1881.  
  1882. keyword=Nitroglycerin
  1883. Related=discovered|idh_1845_materials_2
  1884.  
  1885. keyword=Nondairy creamer
  1886. Related=introduced|idh_1961_food_1
  1887.  
  1888. keyword=Notre Dame
  1889. Related=construction; features|idh_1030_architecture_1
  1890.  
  1891. keyword=Nuclear energy
  1892. Related=Chernobyl|idh_1986_energy_1
  1893. Related=Three Mile Island|idh_1979_energy_1
  1894.  
  1895. keyword=Nuclear power
  1896. Related=in generating electricity|idh_1955_energy_1
  1897.  
  1898. keyword=Nuclear power plant
  1899. Related=first commercial plant|idh_1957_energy_3
  1900.  
  1901. keyword=Nuclear reactor
  1902. Related=first accident|idh_1952_energy_1
  1903. Related=first USSR|idh_1946_energy_1
  1904. Related=first US peacetime|idh_1947_energy_1
  1905. Related=first|idh_1942_energy_1
  1906. Related=Windscale accident|idh_1957_energy_2
  1907.  
  1908. keyword=Nuclear waste
  1909. Related=contamination|idh_1957_energy_1
  1910.  
  1911. keyword=Nylon
  1912. Related=patenting; features; precursors|idh_1935_materials_1
  1913.  
  1914. keyword=Offset printing
  1915. Related=invention; features|idh_1904_communications_1
  1916.  
  1917. keyword=Ohm's law
  1918. Related=first statement; features|idh_1827_energy_1
  1919.  
  1920. keyword=Oil
  1921. Related=distilled|idh_1855_energy_1
  1922. Related=lamps|idh_c1100BC_tools_1
  1923.  
  1924. keyword=Oil cleaning microbe
  1925. Related=patented|idh_1980_energy_1
  1926.  
  1927. keyword=Oil drilling
  1928. Related=steel-toothed bit|idh_1908_tools_1
  1929.  
  1930. keyword=Oil lamp
  1931. Related=da Vinci's improvements|idh_1490_energy_1
  1932.  
  1933. keyword=Oil paints
  1934. Related=early use|idh_1400_materials_1
  1935. Related=first systematic use|idh_1420_communications_1
  1936.  
  1937. keyword=Oil pipeline
  1938. Related=first known|idh_1863_energy_1
  1939.  
  1940. keyword=Oil tanker
  1941. Related=disaster|idh_1967_transportation_1
  1942.  
  1943. keyword=Oil well
  1944. Related=first commercial|idh_1859_energy_1
  1945. Related=first offshore|idh_1900_energy_1
  1946.  
  1947. keyword=Oil-immersion microscope
  1948. Related=invented|idh_1839_tools_1
  1949.  
  1950. keyword=Oldest art
  1951. Related=Apollo-11 site|idh_c40_000BC_communications_1
  1952.  
  1953. keyword=Oldest animal engravings
  1954. Related=Altamira Cave|idh_c20_000BC_communications_1
  1955.  
  1956. keyword=Oldest known arch
  1957. Related=Ashkelon|idh_c1900bc_architecture_1
  1958.  
  1959. keyword=Oldest known map
  1960. Related=Lagash|idh_c2300BC_transportation_1
  1961.  
  1962. keyword=Oldest medical text
  1963. Related=cuneiform recipes|idh_c2100BC_medical_1
  1964.  
  1965. keyword=Oldest surviving photo
  1966. Related=John William Draper|idh_1841_communications_1
  1967.  
  1968. keyword=Opium
  1969. Related=introduced|idh_1520_medical_1
  1970.  
  1971. keyword=Optical disks
  1972. Related=and lasers|idh_1981_materials_1
  1973.  
  1974. keyword=Optical fiber
  1975. Related=first transatlantic cable|idh_1988_communications_1
  1976. Related=in telephone|idh_1985_communications_1
  1977. Related=introduced|idh_1955_communications_1
  1978.  
  1979. keyword=Optical telegraph
  1980. Related=early example|idh_c500BC_communications_1
  1981.  
  1982. keyword=Optical telescope
  1983. Related=largest|idh_1990_tools_1
  1984.  
  1985. keyword=Orbital flight
  1986. Related=first in spacecraft|idh_1961_transportation_2
  1987. Related=first US|idh_1962_transportation_1
  1988.  
  1989. keyword=Organ transplant
  1990. Related=first organs outside body|idh_1855_medical_1
  1991. Related=pig organs|idh_1995_medical_1
  1992.  
  1993. keyword=Origin of baking
  1994. Related=first known written record|idh_c200BC_food_1
  1995.  
  1996. keyword=Oscillator
  1997. Related=introduced|idh_1915_electronics_1
  1998.  
  1999. keyword=Oscilloscope
  2000. Related=first modern example|idh_1893_tools_1
  2001.  
  2002. keyword=Oval huts
  2003. Related=construction|idh_c400_000BC_architecture_1
  2004.  
  2005. keyword=Pacemaker
  2006. Related=implanted|idh_1959_medical_1
  2007. Related=introduced|idh_1958_medical_2
  2008.  
  2009. keyword=Paddle boat
  2010. Related=designed; built; tested|idh_1781_transportation_1
  2011.  
  2012. keyword=Pant pockets
  2013. Related=introduced|idh_1580_materials_1
  2014.  
  2015. keyword=Pantelegraph
  2016. Related=patenting; features|idh_1863_communications_1
  2017.  
  2018. keyword=Pap test
  2019. Related=development; use|idh_1928_medical_1
  2020.  
  2021. keyword=Paper
  2022. Related=continuous production|idh_1797_materials_1
  2023. Related=early mill|idh_1180_materials_1
  2024. Related=UK continuous process|idh_1807_tools_1
  2025.  
  2026. keyword=Parachute
  2027. Related=da Vinci's description|idh_1480_transportation_1
  2028. Related=first known reference|idh_c100BC_transportation_1
  2029. Related=first jump|idh_1793_transportation_1
  2030.  
  2031. keyword=Parchment
  2032. Related=first widespread use|idh_c250CE_materials_1
  2033. Related=invention|idh_c300BC_materials_2
  2034.  
  2035. keyword=Parthenon
  2036. Related=construction; features|idh_c500BC_architecture_1
  2037.  
  2038. keyword=Pascal calculator
  2039. Related=developed; features|idh_1640_tools_2
  2040.  
  2041. keyword=Passenger plane
  2042. Related=prototype|idh_1935_transportation_1
  2043.  
  2044. keyword=Pasteurization
  2045. Related=introduced|idh_1863_food_1
  2046.  
  2047. keyword=Pathology
  2048. Related=first important text|idh_1761_medical_1
  2049.  
  2050. keyword=Paved roads
  2051. Related=crushed rock|idh_1815_transportation_1
  2052. Related=early examples|idh_c2000BC_transportation_2
  2053.  
  2054. keyword=Peanuts
  2055. Related=domesticated|idh_c3100BC_food_1
  2056.  
  2057. keyword=Pebble tools
  2058. Related=early examples|idh_c2_400_000BC_tools_1
  2059.  
  2060. keyword=Pencil lead
  2061. Related=developed|idh_1795_communications_1
  2062.  
  2063. keyword=Pencils
  2064. Related=commercial production|idh_1759_communications_1
  2065. Related=early description|idh_1560_communications_1
  2066.  
  2067. keyword=Pendulum clock
  2068. Related=da Vinci's drawing|idh_1490_tools_1
  2069.  
  2070. keyword=Penicillin
  2071. Related=Penicillium fennelliae|idh_1942_medical_1
  2072. Related=purified|idh_1940_medical_1
  2073.  
  2074. keyword=Percussion powder
  2075. Related=invention; features|idh_1807_materials_1
  2076.  
  2077. keyword=Perfumery
  2078. Related=early text|idh_c2000BC_materials_1
  2079.  
  2080. keyword=Permanent press
  2081. Related=introduced|idh_1964_materials_1
  2082.  
  2083. keyword=Personal computer
  2084. Related=first disk drive|idh_1978_communications_2
  2085. Related=first pre-assembled; Apple II|idh_1977_electronics_1
  2086. Related=introduced; Altair 8800|idh_1975_electronics_1
  2087. Related=Macintosh II; Macintosh SE|idh_1987_electronics_1
  2088.  
  2089. keyword=Pesticides
  2090. Related=Rachel Carson|idh_1962_food_1
  2091.  
  2092. keyword=Phoenician alphabet
  2093. Related=development; use|idh_c1000BC_communications_1
  2094.  
  2095. keyword=Phonograph
  2096. Related=invented; Edison's recording|idh_1877_communications_1
  2097. Related=flat disk version|idh_1888_electronics_1
  2098.  
  2099. keyword=Photoelectric cell
  2100. Related=first practical|idh_1900_electronics_1
  2101.  
  2102. keyword=Photoemissive effect
  2103. Related=demonstrated|idh_1899_electronics_1
  2104.  
  2105. keyword=Photography
  2106. Related=celluloid film|idh_1887_materials_1
  2107. Related=continuous film; roll film|idh_1885_communications_1
  2108. Related=emulsion coating machine|idh_1879_communications_1
  2109. Related=first permanent photograph|idh_1821_communications_1
  2110. Related=Kodak Brownie camera|idh_1896_communications_1
  2111. Related=Land camera|idh_1947_communications_1
  2112. Related=Leica camera|idh_1924_communications_2
  2113. Related=silver salts|idh_1720_communications_1
  2114. Related=transparent film|idh_1889_communications_2
  2115.  
  2116. keyword=Photostat
  2117. Related=development; features|idh_1906_communications_3
  2118.  
  2119. keyword=Photovoltaic cell
  2120. Related=development; features|idh_1954_energy_1
  2121. Related=stacked|idh_1989_energy_1
  2122.  
  2123. keyword=Photovoltaic effect
  2124. Related=discovered|idh_1839_energy_1
  2125.  
  2126. keyword=Photovoltaic modules
  2127. Related=largest array|idh_1992_energy_1
  2128.  
  2129. keyword=Physiology
  2130. Related=first text|idh_1747_medical_1
  2131.  
  2132. keyword=Picturephone
  2133. Related=first known|idh_1927_communications_1
  2134.  
  2135. keyword=Pipe organ
  2136. Related=first complete-scale|idh_1360_tools_2
  2137.  
  2138. keyword=Plastic
  2139. Related=Bakelite|idh_1909_materials_1
  2140. Related=biodegradable|idh_1994_materials_1
  2141. Related=bottles|idh_1975_materials_1
  2142. Related=casein|idh_1897_materials_1
  2143. Related=commercial Bakelite|idh_1917_materials_1
  2144. Related=joint replacement|idh_1960_materials_1
  2145. Related=polyethylene|idh_1933_materials_1
  2146. Related=urea-formaldehyde|idh_1924_materials_1
  2147.  
  2148. keyword=Platinum
  2149. Related=early smelting|idh_c1000CE_materials_1
  2150.  
  2151. keyword=Plows
  2152. Related=bronze|idh_c1600BC_tools_1
  2153. Related=Deere; steel|idh_1837_food_1
  2154.  
  2155. keyword=Pneumatic drill
  2156. Related=invented|idh_1857_tools_1
  2157.  
  2158. keyword=Pocket calculator
  2159. Related=introduced|idh_1971_electronics_2
  2160.  
  2161. keyword=Polarizer
  2162. Related=development; features|idh_1928_materials_1
  2163.  
  2164. keyword=Polio vaccine
  2165. Related=developed|idh_1952_medical_3
  2166. Related=live viruses|idh_1957_medical_1
  2167.  
  2168. keyword=Polygraph
  2169. Related=invented|idh_1921_medical_2
  2170.  
  2171. keyword=Polymerase chain reaction
  2172. Related=conception; features|idh_1983_tools_1
  2173.  
  2174. keyword=Porcelain
  2175. Related=early development|idh_c200CE_materials_1
  2176.  
  2177. keyword=Portable fax machine
  2178. Related=in photo news|idh_1914_communications_3
  2179. Related=invented|idh_1913_communications_1
  2180.  
  2181. keyword=Portable radio
  2182. Related=introduced|idh_1924_electronics_1
  2183.  
  2184. keyword=Portable steam engine
  2185. Related=designed|idh_1807_energy_1
  2186.  
  2187. keyword=Portable typewriter
  2188. Related=early example|idh_1957_communications_1
  2189.  
  2190. keyword=Postal system
  2191. Related=early example|idh_c2000BC_transportation_1
  2192.  
  2193. keyword=Potato
  2194. Related=early description|idh_1550_food_1
  2195. Related=potato chip|idh_1853_food_1
  2196.  
  2197. keyword=Potter's wheel
  2198. Related=first true|idh_c700BC_tools_1
  2199. Related=improvements|idh_c600BC_materials_1
  2200. Related=precursor|idh_c3500BC_tools_1
  2201.  
  2202. keyword=Pottery
  2203. Related=early examples|idh_c2300BC_materials_1
  2204. Related=enameling|idh_1570_materials_1
  2205. Related=low-fired|idh_1150_materials_1
  2206. Related=stoneware; salt glaze|idh_1370_materials_1
  2207. Related=Wedgwood|idh_1763_materials_1
  2208.  
  2209. keyword=Printer
  2210. Related=daisy wheel|idh_1970_electronics_4
  2211.  
  2212. keyword=Printing
  2213. Related=early two-color|idh_1450_communications_1
  2214. Related=geometric figures; more than two colors|idh_1480_communications_1
  2215. Related=halftone|idh_1877_communications_2
  2216.  
  2217. keyword=Prozac
  2218. Related=licensed|idh_1987_medical_1
  2219.  
  2220. keyword=Ptolemy's Geography
  2221. Related=written; translated; influence|idh_1400_communications_1
  2222.  
  2223. keyword=Public lighting
  2224. Related=first system|idh_c350CE_architecture_1
  2225.  
  2226. keyword=Public transportation
  2227. Related=first|idh_1660_transportation_1
  2228.  
  2229. keyword=Pueblo Bonito
  2230. Related=construction; features|idh_1100_architecture_1
  2231.  
  2232. keyword=Pull-top cans
  2233. Related=patented|idh_1963_food_1
  2234.  
  2235. keyword=Pulse
  2236. Related=rate counting in medicine|idh_1700_medical_2
  2237.  
  2238. keyword=Push-through tab
  2239. Related=introduced|idh_1973_food_1
  2240.  
  2241. keyword=Pyramid
  2242. Related=first true|idh_c2600BC_architecture_2
  2243. Related=Great Pyramid of Giza|idh_c2600BC_architecture_3
  2244.  
  2245. keyword=Pyrex
  2246. Related=development; features|idh_1915_materials_1
  2247.  
  2248. keyword=Quadruplex telegraph
  2249. Related=development; features; Edison|idh_1873_communications_1
  2250.  
  2251. keyword=Quartz-crystal clock
  2252. Related=first|idh_1928_tools_1
  2253. Related=Greenwich Royal Observatory|idh_1944_tools_1
  2254.  
  2255. keyword=Querns
  2256. Related=early use|idh_c800BC_tools_1
  2257.  
  2258. keyword=Quinquereme
  2259. Related=invention; features; use|idh_c400BC_transportation_1
  2260.  
  2261. keyword=Radar
  2262. Related="watching" stations|idh_1937_tools_2
  2263. Related=conceived; Tesla|idh_1900_tools_1
  2264. Related=early version|idh_1904_tools_1
  2265. Related=early experiments|idh_1935_tools_1
  2266. Related=first observed|idh_1931_tools_1
  2267. Related=weather forecasting|idh_1988_tools_1
  2268.  
  2269. keyword=Radiator
  2270. Related=hot-water central heating|idh_1829_energy_1
  2271.  
  2272. keyword=Radio
  2273. Related=AM|idh_1906_communications_1
  2274. Related=Crippen|idh_1910_communications_1
  2275. Related=directional antenna|idh_1905_communications_1
  2276. Related=England, France linked|idh_1899_communications_1
  2277. Related=first|idh_1894_electronics_1
  2278. Related=photograph transmission|idh_1924_communications_1
  2279. Related=transatlantic|idh_1901_communications_1
  2280.  
  2281. keyword=Radio broadcast
  2282. Related=regular licensed|idh_1920_communications_1
  2283. Related=stereophonic|idh_1961_communications_1
  2284.  
  2285. keyword=Radio receiver
  2286. Related=enhanced|idh_1914_communications_1
  2287. Related=superheterodyne|idh_1918_communications_1
  2288.  
  2289. keyword=Radio waves
  2290. Related=detected|idh_1888_electronics_2
  2291.  
  2292. keyword=Radio-telescope
  2293. Related=first|idh_1937_tools_1
  2294.  
  2295. keyword=Radioactive sterilization
  2296. Related=cobalt-60 in preserving food|idh_1968_food_1
  2297.  
  2298. keyword=Radiotelescopes
  2299. Related=Very Long Baseline Array|idh_1993_tools_1
  2300.  
  2301. keyword=Railroads
  2302. Related=air brake|idh_1867_transportation_1
  2303. Related=block-signaling|idh_1849_transportation_1
  2304. Related=early example|idh_c600BC_transportation_1
  2305. Related=freight cars|idh_1801_transportation_1
  2306. Related=metal rails|idh_1785_transportation_2
  2307. Related=passenger|idh_1831_transportation_1
  2308.  
  2309. keyword=Ratchet mechanism
  2310. Related=patenting; features|idh_1763_tools_1
  2311.  
  2312. keyword=Rayon
  2313. Related=first produced; dyes|idh_1884_materials_1
  2314. Related=first US patent|idh_1902_materials_1
  2315. Related=stockings|idh_1910_materials_1
  2316.  
  2317. keyword=Rectangular homes
  2318. Related=early examples|idh_c7000BC_architecture_1
  2319.  
  2320. keyword=Recycled materials
  2321. Related=Adidas|idh_1948_materials_1
  2322.  
  2323. keyword=Red blood cells
  2324. Related=first accurate count|idh_1851_medical_1
  2325.  
  2326. keyword=Refrigeration
  2327. Related=early machine|idh_1857_food_1
  2328. Related=energy-efficient machine|idh_1994_tools_1
  2329. Related=first practical machine|idh_1875_tools_1
  2330. Related=in transporting food|idh_1877_food_1
  2331.  
  2332. keyword=Revolver
  2333. Related=invention; features; Colt|idh_1835_tools_1
  2334.  
  2335. keyword=Ribbing machine
  2336. Related=invention; use|idh_1757_tools_1
  2337.  
  2338. keyword=Ribbon loom
  2339. Related=invention; use|idh_1570_tools_2
  2340.  
  2341. keyword=RISC microprocessors
  2342. Related=introduction; features|idh_1988_electronics_1
  2343.  
  2344. keyword=RISC processor
  2345. Related=improvements|idh_1990_electronics_1
  2346. Related=invention|idh_1971_electronics_4
  2347.  
  2348. keyword=Rocket
  2349. Related=first liquid-fuel propelled|idh_1926_transportation_1
  2350.  
  2351. keyword=Roller bearings
  2352. Related=da Vinci's design|idh_1490_tools_2
  2353.  
  2354. keyword=Rotary press
  2355. Related=invention; use|idh_1865_communications_1
  2356.  
  2357. keyword=Rotary steam engine
  2358. Related=invention; features|idh_1781_energy_2
  2359.  
  2360. keyword=Round stocking frame
  2361. Related=invention; use|idh_1815_tools_1
  2362.  
  2363. keyword=Rubber
  2364. Related=and Native Americans|idh_1490_materials_1
  2365. Related=rediscovery; use|idh_1730_materials_1
  2366. Related=tires|idh_1845_transportation_1
  2367. Related=air-filled tires|idh_1888_transportation_1
  2368.  
  2369. keyword=Rubella vaccine
  2370. Related=developed|idh_1966_medical_1
  2371.  
  2372. keyword=Rudder
  2373. Related=early example|idh_1180_transportation_1
  2374.  
  2375. keyword=Safety glass
  2376. Related=patenting; features; use|idh_1905_materials_1
  2377.  
  2378. keyword=Safety pins
  2379. Related=history|idh_c500BC_tools_1
  2380.  
  2381. keyword=Safety razor
  2382. Related=first marketed|idh_1903_tools_1
  2383.  
  2384. keyword=Sailing ships
  2385. Related=early use|idh_c3500BC_transportation_1
  2386. Related=early depiction|idh_c500BC_transportation_1
  2387.  
  2388. keyword=Satellite
  2389. Related=Chinese, Japanese|idh_1970_transportation_1
  2390. Related=early description|idh_1680_transportation_1
  2391. Related=Echo; passive communications|idh_1960_communications_1
  2392. Related=first US; Van Allen belt|idh_1958_transportation_1
  2393. Related=Global Positioning System|idh_1970_communications_1
  2394. Related=IMP; integrated circuits|idh_1963_electronics_1
  2395. Related=mobile Earth station|idh_1973_communications_1
  2396. Related=Telstar; active communications|idh_1962_communications_1
  2397. Related=Venera 9; photographs of Venus|idh_1975_transportation_1
  2398.  
  2399. keyword=Scanning electron microscope
  2400. Related=demonstrated|idh_1938_tools_1
  2401.  
  2402. keyword=Scanning tunneling microscope
  2403. Related=development; features|idh_1981_tools_1
  2404.  
  2405. keyword=Screw propeller
  2406. Related=Atlantic crossing|idh_1843_transportation_2
  2407. Related=early use|idh_1797_transportation_1
  2408.  
  2409. keyword=Screw thread
  2410. Related=standard|idh_1863_tools_2
  2411.  
  2412. keyword=Screws
  2413. Related=invented|idh_c300BC_tools_1
  2414.  
  2415. keyword=Scuba gear
  2416. Related=invention; features|idh_1943_transportation_1
  2417.  
  2418. keyword=Scurvy
  2419. Related=lime juice|idh_1795_medical_1
  2420. Related=Lind's treatise|idh_1753_medical_1
  2421.  
  2422. keyword=Seagoing trade
  2423. Related=early evidence|idh_c2700BC_transportation_1
  2424.  
  2425. keyword=Seed drill
  2426. Related=early use|idh_c2000BC_food_1
  2427.  
  2428. keyword=Seismograph
  2429. Related=invention; use|idh_c100CE_tools_2
  2430.  
  2431. keyword=Selenium
  2432. Related=and early television|idh_1861_materials_1
  2433. Related=photo-conductive effect|idh_1873_materials_1
  2434.  
  2435. keyword=Semaphore telegram
  2436. Related=first official sending|idh_1793_communications_1
  2437.  
  2438. keyword=Semiconductors
  2439. Related=early research|idh_1942_electronics_1
  2440.  
  2441. keyword=Servomechanism
  2442. Related=development; features|idh_1863_tools_1
  2443.  
  2444. keyword=Sewers
  2445. Related=early system|idh_1400_architecture_1
  2446.  
  2447. keyword=Sewing machine
  2448. Related=continuous-stitch|idh_1851_tools_1
  2449. Related=lock-stitch|idh_1845_tools_1
  2450.  
  2451. keyword=Sextant
  2452. Related=invention; uses|idh_1730_tools_1
  2453.  
  2454. keyword=Shape memory effect
  2455. Related=discovery; features|idh_1932_materials_1
  2456.  
  2457. keyword=Ship's log
  2458. Related=invented|idh_1570_transportation_1
  2459.  
  2460. keyword=Shipping
  2461. Related=first written evidence|idh_c2600BC_transportation_2
  2462.  
  2463. keyword=Ships
  2464. Related=carvel construction|idh_1400_transportation_1
  2465.  
  2466. keyword=Shortwave radio
  2467. Related=developed|idh_1919_communications_1
  2468. Related=first demonstrated|idh_1921_communications_1
  2469.  
  2470. keyword=Sifting machine
  2471. Related=earliest mention; features|idh_c500CE_tools_2
  2472.  
  2473. keyword=Sikorsky's helicopter
  2474. Related=designed|idh_1939_transportation_1
  2475. Related=first modern|idh_1944_transportation_1
  2476.  
  2477. keyword=Silicon chip
  2478. Related=developed|idh_1971_electronics_3
  2479.  
  2480. keyword=Silicon transistor
  2481. Related=introduced|idh_1954_electronics_1
  2482.  
  2483. keyword=Silk
  2484. Related=Byzantine cultivation|idh_c500CE_materials_1
  2485. Related=Chinese cultivation|idh_c2700BC_food_1
  2486. Related=early evidence|idh_c1000BC_materials_3
  2487.  
  2488. keyword=Silver
  2489. Related=early smelting|idh_c4000BC_materials_1
  2490. Related=lead, copper|idh_1450_materials_1
  2491.  
  2492. keyword=Simple gas turbine
  2493. Related=patenting; features|idh_1791_energy_1
  2494.  
  2495. keyword=Simple machines
  2496. Related=Nemorarius|idh_1190_tools_1
  2497. Related=principles demonstrated|idh_c300BC_tools_3
  2498.  
  2499. keyword=Skyscraper
  2500. Related=Flat-iron Building|idh_1903_food_1
  2501.  
  2502. keyword=Sledges
  2503. Related=first used|idh_c7000BC_transportation_1
  2504. Related=in Finland|idh_c6000BC_transportation_1
  2505.  
  2506. keyword=Sliced bread
  2507. Related=introduced|idh_1930_food_1
  2508.  
  2509. keyword=Smallpox
  2510. Related=last recorded case|idh_1977_medical_1
  2511.  
  2512. keyword=Sodium carbonate
  2513. Related=new method|idh_1809_materials_1
  2514.  
  2515. keyword=Solar energy
  2516. Related=early use|idh_1882_energy_2
  2517.  
  2518. keyword=Solar power
  2519. Related=in water heater|idh_1977_energy_1
  2520. Related=world's largest station|idh_1981_energy_1
  2521.  
  2522. keyword=Soldering
  2523. Related=invented|idh_c700BC_materials_1
  2524.  
  2525. keyword=Solutrean tools
  2526. Related=earliest known|idh_c20_000BC_tools_1
  2527.  
  2528. keyword=Sound recorder
  2529. Related=invention; features|idh_1893_electronics_1
  2530.  
  2531. keyword=Soybean
  2532. Related=first cultivated|idh_c1500BC_food_1
  2533.  
  2534. keyword=Space mission
  2535. Related=first cooperative|idh_1975_transportation_2
  2536.  
  2537. keyword=Space probe
  2538. Related=Lunik 2|idh_1959_transportation_1
  2539. Related=Mariner 2|idh_1962_transportation_2
  2540. Related=Pioneer 11|idh_1973_transportation_1
  2541. Related=Viking 1, 2|idh_1976_transportation_1
  2542. Related=Voyager 1, 2|idh_1977_transportation_1
  2543.  
  2544. keyword=Space shuttle
  2545. Related=first mission|idh_1981_transportation_1
  2546.  
  2547. keyword=Space station
  2548. Related=launched|idh_1973_transportation_2
  2549.  
  2550. keyword=Space longevity
  2551. Related=Romanenko's record|idh_1987_transportation_1
  2552.  
  2553. keyword=Spaceflight
  2554. Related=first US|idh_1961_transportation_1
  2555.  
  2556. keyword=Spark plug
  2557. Related=invented|idh_1902_energy_1
  2558.  
  2559. keyword=Spectacles
  2560. Related=early description|idh_1260_medical_1
  2561. Related=early use|idh_1280_medical_1
  2562.  
  2563. keyword=Speed of light
  2564. Related=defined|idh_1983_energy_1
  2565.  
  2566. keyword=Sphygmograph
  2567. Related=invention; use|idh_1863_medical_1
  2568.  
  2569. keyword=Spinning jenny
  2570. Related=invention; features|idh_1763_tools_2
  2571.  
  2572. keyword=Spinning mule
  2573. Related=invention; features|idh_1779_tools_1
  2574.  
  2575. keyword=Spinning wheel
  2576. Related=early depiction|idh_1030_tools_1
  2577. Related=early reference|idh_1280_tools_1
  2578. Related=foot treadles|idh_1520_tools_1
  2579. Related=widespread use|idh_1530_tools_1
  2580.  
  2581. keyword=Spoked wheels
  2582. Related=first examples|idh_c2000BC_transportation_3
  2583.  
  2584. keyword=Spreadsheet program
  2585. Related=first|idh_1979_communications_1
  2586. Related=first commercial|idh_1981_communications_2
  2587.  
  2588. keyword=Sputnik
  2589. Related=launched|idh_1957_transportation_1
  2590.  
  2591. keyword=Squeezable tube
  2592. Related=patented|idh_1841_tools_1
  2593.  
  2594. keyword=Stainless steel
  2595. Related=invented|idh_1904_materials_1
  2596. Related=Krupp's developments|idh_1914_materials_1
  2597.  
  2598. keyword=Staplers
  2599. Related=first modern desk models|idh_1914_tools_1
  2600.  
  2601. keyword=Steam engine
  2602. Related=Corliss's four-valve|idh_1849_energy_1
  2603. Related=first practical|idh_1710_energy_1
  2604. Related=Pickard's patent|idh_1779_energy_1
  2605. Related=US records|idh_1803_energy_1
  2606. Related=Watt's double-acting|idh_1781_energy_1
  2607. Related=Watt's model|idh_1765_energy_1
  2608.  
  2609. keyword=Steam heat
  2610. Related=first use|idh_1781_energy_3
  2611.  
  2612. keyword=Steam locomotive
  2613. Related=first passenger, freight|idh_1825_transportation_1
  2614. Related=first locomotive|idh_1813_transportation_1
  2615. Related=invented|idh_1803_transportation_1
  2616.  
  2617. keyword=Steam power
  2618. Related=Steam carriage|idh_1680_energy_1
  2619.  
  2620. keyword=Steam powered boat
  2621. Related=patented|idh_1795_transportation_1
  2622.  
  2623. keyword=Steam pump
  2624. Related=patented|idh_1690_energy_1
  2625.  
  2626. keyword=Steam turbine
  2627. Related=de Laval's development|idh_1887_energy_1
  2628. Related=first generator for electric power|idh_1884_energy_1
  2629.  
  2630. keyword=Steam warship
  2631. Related=first|idh_1815_energy_1
  2632.  
  2633. keyword=Steam-driven factory
  2634. Related=first|idh_1789_energy_1
  2635.  
  2636. keyword=Steamboat
  2637. Related=demonstrated|idh_1787_transportation_1
  2638. Related=first practical|idh_1807_transportation_1
  2639. Related=propeller-driven|idh_1801_transportation_2
  2640.  
  2641. keyword=Steel
  2642. Related=Bessemer|idh_1855_materials_1
  2643. Related=continuous hotstrip rolling|idh_1923_materials_1
  2644. Related=continuous casting|idh_1943_materials_1
  2645. Related=crucible process|idh_1741_materials_1
  2646. Related=early production|idh_c400CE_materials_1
  2647. Related=open hearth process|idh_1867_materials_1
  2648. Related=Rand McNally Building; Machine Hall|idh_1889_food_2
  2649.  
  2650. keyword=Step pyramid
  2651. Related=first|idh_c2600BC_architecture_1
  2652.  
  2653. keyword=Stereo records
  2654. Related=marketing; features|idh_1958_communications_1
  2655.  
  2656. keyword=Stereoscope
  2657. Related=improved|idh_1847_communications_2
  2658.  
  2659. keyword=Sterilization
  2660. Related=hospital units|idh_1971_medical_2
  2661. Related=rubber gloves|idh_1890_medical_2
  2662. Related=surgical instruments|idh_1886_medical_1
  2663.  
  2664. keyword=Stethoscope
  2665. Related=invented|idh_1815_medical_1
  2666.  
  2667. keyword=Stirrups
  2668. Related=early use|idh_c400CE_transportation_1
  2669.  
  2670. keyword=Stone buildings
  2671. Related=early construction|idh_c4500BC_architecture_1
  2672.  
  2673. keyword=Stone lamps
  2674. Related=early examples|idh_c40_000BC_materials_1
  2675.  
  2676. keyword=Stone temple
  2677. Related=early construction|idh_c900BC_architecture_1
  2678.  
  2679. keyword=Stone tools
  2680. Related=oldest known|idh_c1_900_000BC_tools_1
  2681.  
  2682. keyword=Stonehenge
  2683. Related=early structure|idh_c2200BC_architecture_1
  2684. Related=later structure|idh_c1500BC_architecture_2
  2685.  
  2686. keyword=Structural analysis
  2687. Related=for construction|idh_1773_architecture_1
  2688.  
  2689. keyword=Sub-machine gun
  2690. Related=patented|idh_1920_tools_1
  2691.  
  2692. keyword=Submarine
  2693. Related=early version|idh_1620_transportation_1
  2694. Related=four-person|idh_1799_transportation_1
  2695. Related=one-person|idh_1775_transportation_1
  2696.  
  2697. keyword=Submicroscopic tools
  2698. Related=development|idh_1987_tools_1
  2699.  
  2700. keyword=Suction pump
  2701. Related=invented|idh_1400_tools_1
  2702.  
  2703. keyword=Suez Canal
  2704. Related=plans accepted|idh_1855_transportation_1
  2705.  
  2706. keyword=Sugar
  2707. Related=charcoal in removing impurities|idh_1821_food_1
  2708.  
  2709. keyword=Sulfa drug
  2710. Related=discovery; features|idh_1932_medical_1
  2711.  
  2712. keyword=Sundial
  2713. Related=earliest known|idh_c1500BC_tools_1
  2714. Related=Egyptian|idh_c800BC_tools_2
  2715.  
  2716. keyword=Supercomputer
  2717. Related=Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Facility|idh_1987_electronics_3
  2718. Related=speed record|idh_1994_electronics_1
  2719.  
  2720. keyword=Superconductivity
  2721. Related=discovery; features|idh_1911_materials_1
  2722.  
  2723. keyword=Superconductor
  2724. Related=discovery; features|idh_1986_materials_1
  2725. Related=flexible tape version|idh_1995_materials_1
  2726. Related=high-temperature|idh_1989_materials_1
  2727. Related=low-temperature|idh_1987_materials_1
  2728.  
  2729. keyword=Superglue
  2730. Related=discovery|idh_1951_materials_1
  2731.  
  2732. keyword=Supersonic airliner
  2733. Related=first|idh_1968_transportation_1
  2734.  
  2735. keyword=Surgery
  2736. Related=first successful appendectomy|idh_1735_medical_1
  2737. Related=first text|idh_1460_medical_1
  2738. Related=phenol|idh_1865_medical_1
  2739. Related=sutures; cleansing|idh_1320_medical_1
  2740. Related=treating wounds|idh_1540_medical_1
  2741.  
  2742. keyword=Surveying
  2743. Related=triangular method|idh_1530_architecture_1
  2744.  
  2745. keyword=Suspenders
  2746. Related=widespread use|idh_1700_materials_1
  2747.  
  2748. keyword=Suspension aqueduct
  2749. Related=first|idh_1845_architecture_1
  2750.  
  2751. keyword=Suspension bridge
  2752. Related=early version|idh_c0_architecture_1
  2753. Related=first modern|idh_1795_architecture_1
  2754. Related=single span|idh_1825_architecture_1
  2755.  
  2756. keyword=Suspensions
  2757. Related=for absorbing shock|idh_1340_transportation_1
  2758.  
  2759. keyword=Sweet potato
  2760. Related=early cultivation|idh_c2800BC_food_1
  2761.  
  2762. keyword=Swiss army knife
  2763. Related=invented|idh_1891_tools_1
  2764.  
  2765. keyword=Symbols
  2766. Related=early use in counting|idh_c3100BC_communications_1
  2767.  
  2768. keyword=Synchronized gear box
  2769. Related=introduction; features|idh_1929_tools_1
  2770.  
  2771. keyword=Synfuels
  2772. Related=loss of funding|idh_1985_energy_1
  2773.  
  2774. keyword=Syringe
  2775. Related=introduced|idh_1845_medical_2
  2776.  
  2777. keyword=Tabulating machines
  2778. Related=numerical keyboard|idh_1901_electronics_1
  2779.  
  2780. keyword=Tallies on bone
  2781. Related=early examples|idh_c30_000BC_communications_1
  2782.  
  2783. keyword=Taxi
  2784. Related=introduced|idh_1904_transportation_1
  2785.  
  2786. keyword=Tea
  2787. Related=first in Europe|idh_1610_food_1
  2788.  
  2789. keyword=Telegrams
  2790. Related=pneumatic system|idh_1853_communications_1
  2791.  
  2792. keyword=Telegraph
  2793. Related=basic principles|idh_1835_communications_1
  2794. Related=electrolysis|idh_1811_communications_1
  2795. Related=first underwater cable|idh_1845_communications_1
  2796. Related=images transmitted|idh_1906_communications_2
  2797. Related=paper ribbon; induction; one-wire; electromagnetic|idh_1837_communications_1
  2798. Related=radio waves; aerials|idh_1865_communications_2
  2799. Related=Samuel Morse's message|idh_1843_communications_2
  2800.  
  2801. keyword=Telephone
  2802. Related=automatic switching system|idh_1903_communications_1
  2803. Related=Bell|idh_1875_communications_2
  2804. Related=coaxial cables|idh_1886_communications_1
  2805. Related=multiplexing|idh_1887_communications_1
  2806. Related=precursor|idh_1861_communications_1
  2807. Related=switching system|idh_1892_communications_1
  2808. Related=US coasts linked|idh_1914_communications_2
  2809.  
  2810. keyword=Telephonic simultaneous translation
  2811. Related=first system|idh_1993_communications_1
  2812.  
  2813. keyword=Teletypewriter
  2814. Related=invented|idh_1914_communications_4
  2815.  
  2816. keyword=Television
  2817. Related=advances|idh_1926_communications_1
  2818. Related=broadcast licensing|idh_1941_communications_1
  2819. Related=cathode-ray tube|idh_1932_communications_1
  2820. Related=early theory|idh_1875_communications_1
  2821. Related=early broadcast|idh_1928_communications_1
  2822. Related=first description|idh_1911_electronics_1
  2823. Related=spinning prismatic rings|idh_1919_communications_2
  2824.  
  2825. keyword=Telex
  2826. Related=invented|idh_1901_communications_3
  2827.  
  2828. keyword=Tesla coil
  2829. Related=invention; features|idh_1891_energy_1
  2830.  
  2831. keyword=Thermodynamics
  2832. Related=first manual|idh_1859_tools_1
  2833.  
  2834. keyword=Thermometer
  2835. Related=invented|idh_1640_tools_1
  2836. Related=sealed|idh_1650_tools_1
  2837.  
  2838. keyword=Thermos bottle
  2839. Related=invented|idh_1892_tools_1
  2840.  
  2841. keyword=Thermoscope
  2842. Related=invention; features|idh_1590_tools_1
  2843.  
  2844. keyword=Three Gorges Dam
  2845. Related=construction; features|idh_1995_energy_1
  2846.  
  2847. keyword=Threshing machine
  2848. Related=invention; use|idh_1783_food_2
  2849.  
  2850. keyword=Throwing silk
  2851. Related=mechanized|idh_1270_tools_1
  2852.  
  2853. keyword=Time clock
  2854. Related=invented|idh_1894_tools_1
  2855.  
  2856. keyword=Tires
  2857. Related=Michelin; radial-ply|idh_1953_transportation_1
  2858.  
  2859. keyword=TNT
  2860. Related=invented|idh_1863_materials_1
  2861.  
  2862. keyword=Toilet
  2863. Related=wash-down|idh_1889_food_4
  2864.  
  2865. keyword=Toilet paper
  2866. Related=first known reference|idh_c550CE_materials_1
  2867. Related=modern|idh_1857_materials_1
  2868.  
  2869. keyword=Tooling machine
  2870. Related=first numerically controlled|idh_1952_tools_1
  2871.  
  2872. keyword=Tooth filling
  2873. Related=early use|idh_c3000BC_materials_1
  2874.  
  2875. keyword=Toothbrush
  2876. Related=invented|idh_1490_medical_1
  2877.  
  2878. keyword=Torpedo
  2879. Related=invented|idh_1777_tools_1
  2880.  
  2881. keyword=Tracheotomy
  2882. Related=first|idh_1730_medical_1
  2883. Related=first to restore breathing|idh_1825_medical_1
  2884.  
  2885. keyword=Transatlantic flight
  2886. Related=first solo|idh_1927_transportation_1
  2887.  
  2888. keyword=Transatlantic telephone cable
  2889. Related=begins operating|idh_1956_communications_1
  2890.  
  2891. keyword=Transatlantic telephone call
  2892. Related=radiotelephone conversation|idh_1915_communications_1
  2893.  
  2894. keyword=Transatlantic voyage
  2895. Related=first steam|idh_1837_transportation_1
  2896.  
  2897. keyword=Transistor
  2898. Related=Feynman; electron construction|idh_1959_tools_1
  2899. Related=first use in computer|idh_1955_electronics_1
  2900. Related=flat|idh_1959_electronics_1
  2901. Related=recognition of effect|idh_1947_electronics_1
  2902. Related=use in hearing aids|idh_1952_electronics_2
  2903.  
  2904. keyword=Treatments
  2905. Related=early texts|idh_1360_medical_1
  2906. Related=reserpine as tranquilizer|idh_1950_medical_1
  2907.  
  2908. keyword=Truss
  2909. Related=first recorded use|idh_c100CE_architecture_1
  2910. Related=first modern bridge|idh_1791_architecture_1
  2911.  
  2912. keyword=Tuberculin test
  2913. Related=introduced|idh_1908_medical_1
  2914.  
  2915. keyword=Tuberculosis vaccine
  2916. Related=developed|idh_1923_medical_1
  2917.  
  2918. keyword=Tulips
  2919. Related=domesticated|idh_1300_food_1
  2920.  
  2921. keyword=Tungsten filament
  2922. Related=development; features|idh_1904_energy_1
  2923. Related=use in incandescent lamps|idh_1906_energy_1
  2924.  
  2925. keyword=Tunnels
  2926. Related=compressed-air drill|idh_1843_architecture_1
  2927. Related=first modern|idh_1470_transportation_1
  2928. Related=longest|idh_1811_architecture_1
  2929.  
  2930. keyword=Turbine
  2931. Related=term coined|idh_1823_energy_2
  2932.  
  2933. keyword=Turing Test
  2934. Related=proposed|idh_1950_communications_1
  2935.  
  2936. keyword=Turing machine
  2937. Related=described|idh_1937_electronics_3
  2938.  
  2939. keyword=TV camera tubes
  2940. Related=orthicon; image iconoscope|idh_1939_communications_1
  2941.  
  2942. keyword=TV dinners
  2943. Related=introduced|idh_1954_food_1
  2944.  
  2945. keyword=Typewriter
  2946. Related=first manual|idh_1833_communications_3
  2947. Related=first successful|idh_1867_communications_1
  2948. Related=IBM Selectric|idh_1961_electronics_1
  2949. Related=Typographer|idh_1829_communications_1
  2950. Related=wheel-and-key|idh_1843_communications_1
  2951.  
  2952. keyword=Ultrasound
  2953. Related=first use in examining fetuses|idh_1958_medical_1
  2954.  
  2955. keyword=Underwater robot
  2956. Related=tetherless submersible|idh_1993_transportation_2
  2957.  
  2958. keyword=UNIVAC computer
  2959. Related=election prediction|idh_1952_electronics_1
  2960. Related=installation; features|idh_1951_electronics_1
  2961.  
  2962. keyword=Universal joint
  2963. Related=first Chinese description|idh_c200BC_tools_2
  2964.  
  2965. keyword=Use of alcohol
  2966. Related=early description in medicine|idh_c0_medical_1
  2967.  
  2968. keyword=Use of plants
  2969. Related=in medicine|idh_1410_medical_1
  2970.  
  2971. keyword=V-2 rocket
  2972. Related=prototype launched|idh_1942_transportation_1
  2973.  
  2974. keyword=Vaccine
  2975. Related=first artificially produced|idh_1881_medical_1
  2976. Related=Pasteur's demonstration|idh_1880_medical_1
  2977. Related=Pasteur's discoveries|idh_1879_medical_1
  2978. Related=rabies|idh_1885_medical_1
  2979. Related=tetanus, diphtheria; passive immunization|idh_1890_medical_1
  2980. Related=viruses grown in eggs|idh_1931_medical_1
  2981.  
  2982. keyword=Vacuum cleaner
  2983. Related=first successful|idh_1902_tools_2
  2984. Related=industrial|idh_1871_tools_1
  2985.  
  2986. keyword=Vacuum milking
  2987. Related=perfected|idh_1913_food_1
  2988.  
  2989. keyword=Vacuum pump
  2990. Related=developed; use in electric lamps|idh_1865_tools_1
  2991.  
  2992. keyword=Vacuum tube
  2993. Related="Edison" effect|idh_1883_electronics_1
  2994. Related=amplifier version (triode)|idh_1907_electronics_1
  2995. Related=patenting; features|idh_1904_electronics_1
  2996.  
  2997. keyword=Velcro
  2998. Related=invented|idh_1948_materials_1
  2999.  
  3000. keyword=Vending machine
  3001. Related=patented|idh_1882_tools_1
  3002.  
  3003. keyword=Ventilation
  3004. Related=forced-air|idh_1889_food_3
  3005.  
  3006. keyword=VHS videotape
  3007. Related=introduced|idh_1976_electronics_1
  3008.  
  3009. keyword=Videodisk
  3010. Related=marketed|idh_1989_communications_1
  3011.  
  3012. keyword=Video game
  3013. Related=Pong|idh_1972_electronics_1
  3014.  
  3015. keyword=Virtual address extension
  3016. Related=development; features|idh_1978_electronics_1
  3017.  
  3018. keyword=Viruses
  3019. Related=existence demonstrated|idh_1892_medical_1
  3020.  
  3021. keyword=Vitamin D
  3022. Related=and sunlight|idh_1901_medical_1
  3023.  
  3024. keyword=Vitamins
  3025. Related=term coined|idh_1912_medical_1
  3026.  
  3027. keyword=Voltaic pile
  3028. Related=invention; features|idh_1799_energy_1
  3029.  
  3030. keyword=Vulcanized rubber
  3031. Related=discovery; features|idh_1839_materials_1
  3032.  
  3033. keyword=War galleys
  3034. Related=early use|idh_c700BC_transportation_1
  3035.  
  3036. keyword=Washing machines
  3037. Related=introduced|idh_1910_tools_1
  3038.  
  3039. keyword=Water clock
  3040. Related=early examples|idh_c1400BC_tools_1
  3041. Related=most elaborate|idh_c500CE_tools_1
  3042. Related=Plato|idh_c400BC_tools_3
  3043.  
  3044. keyword=Waterproof watch
  3045. Related=introduced|idh_1927_tools_1
  3046.  
  3047. keyword=Waterproofing
  3048. Related=early techniques|idh_c2400BC_materials_1
  3049.  
  3050. keyword=Water turbine
  3051. Related=early use|idh_1580_energy_1
  3052.  
  3053. keyword=Weather satellite
  3054. Related=spin-scan|idh_1964_tools_1
  3055.  
  3056. keyword=Welding
  3057. Related=oxygen-acetylene|idh_1901_tools_1
  3058.  
  3059. keyword=Well
  3060. Related=Chinese|idh_1010_tools_1
  3061. Related=oldest; significance |idh_c5000BC_architecture_1
  3062.  
  3063. keyword=Wheeled vehicles
  3064. Related=early use|idh_c3500BC_transportation_2
  3065. Related=Chinese|idh_c2600BC_transportation_1
  3066.  
  3067. keyword=Wheel lock musket
  3068. Related=da Vinci's drawing|idh_1500_tools_1
  3069.  
  3070. keyword=Whippletree
  3071. Related=invention; features|idh_c200CE_tools_1
  3072.  
  3073. keyword=Whiskey
  3074. Related=distillery|idh_1270_food_1
  3075.  
  3076. keyword=White Out
  3077. Related=invented|idh_1956_materials_1
  3078.  
  3079. keyword=Windlass
  3080. Related=early use|idh_c1400BC_tools_2
  3081.  
  3082. keyword=Windmills
  3083. Related=first reference|idh_1100_energy_1
  3084. Related=use in Holland|idh_1340_energy_1
  3085. Related=with horizontal axes|idh_1180_energy_1
  3086.  
  3087. keyword=Windshield wipers
  3088. Related=introduced|idh_1916_transportation_1
  3089.  
  3090. keyword=Windsor Castle
  3091. Related=construction; features|idh_1070_architecture_1
  3092.  
  3093. keyword=Wind tunnels
  3094. Related=use in measuring air friction|idh_1892_transportation_1
  3095.  
  3096. keyword=Wine
  3097. Related=early evidence|idh_c3500BC_food_2
  3098. Related=early Mesopotamian|idh_c6000BC_food_1
  3099.  
  3100. keyword=Wireless control
  3101. Related=demonstrated|idh_1898_communications_1
  3102.  
  3103. keyword=Wire-rope cable
  3104. Related=first|idh_1841_materials_1
  3105.  
  3106. keyword=Wire stitcher
  3107. Related=invention; features|idh_1867_tools_1
  3108.  
  3109. keyword=Wooden rails
  3110. Related=coal mines|idh_1630_transportation_1
  3111.  
  3112. keyword=Wooden spear
  3113. Related=earliest known|idh_c300_000BC_tools_1
  3114.  
  3115. keyword=Wool-combing machine
  3116. Related=developed|idh_1789_tools_1
  3117.  
  3118. keyword=Word processing
  3119. Related=early example|idh_1978_communications_1
  3120.  
  3121. keyword=Writing paper
  3122. Related=oldest known|idh_c100CE_materials_2
  3123.  
  3124. keyword=Writing utensils
  3125. Related=graphite|idh_1490_communications_1
  3126.  
  3127. keyword=X-ray
  3128. Related=bismuth compound|idh_1897_medical_1
  3129. Related=discovered|idh_1895_medical_1
  3130. Related=first diagnostic|idh_1896_medical_1
  3131. Related=synchrotron|idh_1949_medical_1
  3132. Related=treatment for cancer|idh_1903_medical_1
  3133.  
  3134. keyword=Xerography
  3135. Related=invented|idh_1937_communications_1
  3136.  
  3137. keyword=Xerox
  3138. Related=copier|idh_1959_communications_1
  3139.  
  3140. keyword=Yale lock
  3141. Related=patenting; features|idh_1849_tools_1
  3142.  
  3143. keyword=Zero
  3144. Related=first known reference|idh_c900CE_communications_1
  3145.  
  3146. keyword=Ziggurat
  3147. Related=significance|idh_c3500BC_architecture_1
  3148.  
  3149. keyword=Zinc-carbon battery
  3150. Related=invented|idh_1867_energy_3
  3151.  
  3152. keyword=Zipper
  3153. Related=improved|idh_1914_materials_2
  3154.  
  3155. keyword=Zoetrope
  3156. Related=developement; features|idh_1833_communications_2