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1991-11-11
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_STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS_
by Fred Motteler
[LISTING ONE]
/* patest.c -- A collection of simple routines to test the accuracy of
** statistical performance analysis programs for the PC and ES 1800 emulator.
*/
/* Default delay timing parameters */
#define DELAY_ONE 1
#define DELAY_TWO 2
#define DELAY_THREE 3
#define DELAY_FOUR 4
#define DELAY_FIVE 5
#define DELAY_SIX 6
#define DELAY_SEVEN 7
#define DELAY_EIGHT 8
#define DELAY_NINE 9
#define DELAY_TEN 10
#define DELAY_ELEVEN 11
#define DELAY_TWELVE 12
#define DELAY_THIRTEEN 13
#define DELAY_FOURTEEN 14
#define DELAY_FIFTEEN 15
#define DELAY_SCALE 10 /* Effectively muliplies values by 1000 */
#define DELAY_LOOPS 5 /* Default number of times thru main loop */
/* Loop delay parameters. These are done as globals to allow easy access to
** the timing parameters via the ES 1800 emulator. This allows different
** timing configurations to be tested without having to recompile and link
** this code. Kludgie, but it encourages easy experimentation. */
long final_sumL = 0;
int time_oneN = DELAY_ONE;
int time_twoN = DELAY_TWO;
int time_threeN = DELAY_THREE;
int time_fourN = DELAY_FOUR;
int time_fiveN = DELAY_FIVE;
int time_sixN = DELAY_SIX;
int time_sevenN = DELAY_SEVEN;
int time_eightN = DELAY_EIGHT;
int time_nineN = DELAY_NINE;
int time_tenN = DELAY_TEN;
int time_elevenN = DELAY_ELEVEN;
int time_twelveN = DELAY_TWELVE;
int time_thirteenN = DELAY_THIRTEEN;
int time_fourteenN = DELAY_FOURTEEN;
int time_fifteenN = DELAY_FIFTEEN;
int scaleN = DELAY_SCALE;
int looptoloopN = DELAY_LOOPS;
/* Function: long delay_xxxx(int delayN)
** Description: These are simple functions designed to allow varied delays.
** The code in each delay function is the identical to the code in all of
** the other delay functions. This allows accurate comparision of the
** relative execution time of each function. Fifteen of these functions should
** be a reasonable number to represent a simple "real" program.
*/
long
delay_one(delayN)
int delayN;
{
int i;
long sumL;
sumL = 0L;
delayN <<= scaleN;
for (i = 0; i < delayN; i++)
sumL += (long) i;
return(sumL);
}
long
delay_two(delayN)
int delayN;
{
int i;
long sumL;
sumL = 0L;
delayN <<= scaleN;
for (i = 0; i < delayN; i++)
sumL += (long) i;
return(sumL);
}
.
.
.
.
long
delay_fifteen(delayN)
int delayN;
{
int i;
long sumL;
sumL = 0L;
delayN <<= scaleN;
for (i = 0; i < delayN; i++)
sumL += (long) i;
return(sumL);
}
/* Function: void main()
** Description: This is a simple routine to run the various delay routines.
** The delay time variables are all globals to allow experimentation with
** the timing parameters using the ES 1800 emulator.
*/
void
main()
{
int i;
final_sumL = 0L;
for (i = 0; i < looptoloopN; i++)
{
final_sumL += delay_one(time_oneN);
final_sumL += delay_two(time_twoN);
final_sumL += delay_three(time_threeN);
final_sumL += delay_four(time_fourN);
final_sumL += delay_five(time_fiveN);
final_sumL += delay_six(time_sixN);
final_sumL += delay_seven(time_sevenN);
final_sumL += delay_eight(time_eightN);
final_sumL += delay_nine(time_nineN);
final_sumL += delay_ten(time_tenN);
final_sumL += delay_eleven(time_elevenN);
final_sumL += delay_twelve(time_twelveN);
final_sumL += delay_thirteen(time_thirteenN);
final_sumL += delay_fourteen(time_fourteenN);
final_sumL += delay_fifteen(time_fifteenN);
}
}
[LISTING TWO]
TITLE patick - IBM PC / Clone Clock Tick CS:IP Grabber
; File: patick.asm--Fred Motteler and Applied Microsystems Corporation
; Copyright 1990. All Rights Reserved
; Description:
; This file contains three functions:
; C callable:
; void painit(bufferLP, lengthN) Initialize grabber interrupt vector
; int paclose() Close grabber interrupt vector
; Interrupt routine, this is treated like part of painit():
; patick Grab CS:IP value
; These functions are configured for small model.
; Stack frame structure for painit():
;
stkfr STRUC
OLD_FR DW ? ; Previous stack frame pointer
RETADDR DW ? ; Return address to caller
BUFFERP DW ? ; Pointer to buffer to use
BUFLEN DW ? ; Length of buffer (in longwords)
stkfr ENDS
;
; Stack frame structure for clock tick timer routine.
intfr STRUC
INT_FR DW ? ; Pre-interrupt stack frame pointer
IP_VAL DW ? ; Pre-interrupt IP value
CS_VAL DW ? ; Pre-interrupt CS value
intfr ENDS
TIMER EQU 8h ; Timer interrupt vector number
DGROUP GROUP _DATA
_DATA SEGMENT WORD PUBLIC 'DATA'
ASSUME DS:DGROUP
bufptr DW 0 ; Starting point of buffer
bufsiz DW 0 ; Number of longwords in the buffer
bufindx DW 0 ; Next location of buffer to use
bufwrap DB 0 ; Flag if buffer has wrapped...
_DATA ENDS
_TEXT SEGMENT BYTE PUBLIC 'CODE'
ASSUME CS:_TEXT
;
; void paopen (unsigned long *bufferLP, int lengthN)
; This a C callable function to initialize the CS:IP grabber and
; start it up. bufferLP points the buffer of where to write CS:IP
; values. lengthN is the length of the buffer in longwords.
PUBLIC paopen
paopen PROC NEAR
push bp
mov bp,sp
push si
push di
push es
;
; Set up the local buffer pointer values from those passed on the stack.
mov ax,[bp].BUFFERP ; Get pointer to start of buffer
mov bufptr,ax
mov ax,[bp].BUFLEN ; Get length of the buffer
shl ax,1 ; convert longword length to byte length
shl ax,1
mov bufsiz,ax
xor ax,ax ; Start at the beginning of the buffer
mov bufindx,ax
mov bufwrap,al ; Reset buffer wrap flag
;
; Save the original clock tick interrupt vector.
mov al,TIMER ; interrupt number into al
mov ah,35h ; DOS function = get vector
int 21h ; DOS returns old vector in es:bx
mov cs:oldseg,es ; save old segment
mov cs:oldoff,bx ; save old offset
;
; Disable interrupts while changing the interrupt vector.
cli
;
; Change clock tick interrupt routine to point at local interrupt routine.
mov al,TIMER ; vector number
mov ah,25h ; DOS function = set vector
mov dx,OFFSET patick ; point to our interrupt handler
push ds ; don't lose ds, we need to get to local data
push cs ; move this cs to ds
pop ds ;
int 21h ; set the new vector
pop ds ; restore ds
;
; Enable interrupts and return;
pop es
pop di
pop si
pop bp
sti
ret
;
; Clock tick grabber routine. This routine samples CS:IP that were pushed
; on to the stack when the interrupt occurs.
patick: push bp
mov bp,sp ; Treat CS:IP values like stack frame
push ax
push bx
push ds
;
; Get the local ds to allow access to local variables.
mov ax,DGROUP
mov ds,ax
;
; Use bx as a pointer to the recording buffer
mov bx,bufptr
add bx,bufindx
;
; Grab the pre-interrupt CS:IP values off the stack
mov ax,[bp].IP_VAL ; grab the IP
mov [bx],ax ; save the IP in the recording buffer
inc bx
inc bx
mov ax,[bp].CS_VAL ; grab the CS
mov [bx],ax ; save the CS in the recording buffer
inc bx
inc bx
;
; Check if we are at the end of the buffer
sub bx,bufptr ; get the byte offset index back again
mov ax,bufsiz ; get the buffer byte length
cmp ax,bx
jne notend ; jump if not at the end of the buffer
;
; At the end of the buffer
mov bx,0 ; reset the buffer index
mov al,0ffh ; set flag to indicate buffer wrap
mov bufwrap,al
;
; Write out modified buffer index
notend: mov bufindx,bx
;
; Clean up
pop ds
pop bx
pop ax
pop bp
;
; Jump to the original interrupt service routine. An immediate jump
; is used so no segment registers are required.
DB 0eah ; jmp immediate, to the offset:segment
; selected below (brute force approach).
; Original interrupt handler's offset and segment values. These are
; in the current code segment to allow the interrupt routine given
; here to directly jump to the original interrupt routine.
oldoff DW 0 ; Room for original timer interrupt offset
oldseg DW 0 ; Room for original timer interrupt segment
paopen ENDP
;
; int paclose() This is a C callable function to close CS:IP grabber and
; return the number of CS:IP values grabbed.
PUBLIC paclose
paclose PROC NEAR
push bp
mov bp,sp
push si
push di
push es
;
; Disable interrupts while the original interrupt vector is restored.
cli
mov al,TIMER ; get interrupt number
mov ah,25h ; DOS function = set vector
push ds ;
mov dx,cs:oldoff ; old timer offset
mov ds,cs:oldseg ; old timer segment
int 21h ; restore old vector
pop ds ;
;
; Enable interrupts.
sti
;
; Calculate the number of CS:IP values
cmp bufwrap,0 ; check if the buffer has wrapped
jne wrapped ; jump if it has wrapped
mov ax,bufindx ; no wrap, return buffer index as count
jmp done
wrapped: mov ax,bufsiz ; wrapped, return buffer size as count
;
; Clean up stack and return
done: shr ax,1 ; Return count in number of CS:IP pairs
shr ax,1
pop es
pop di
pop si
pop bp
ret
paclose ENDP
_TEXT ENDS
END
[LISTING THREE]
/* pawhere.c -- contains a very simple program that returns its segment base
** address. Note that this program is Lattice version 6.01 specific in that
** the Lattice small model has "main" at the beginning of the exectable
** portion of the program. Other compiler/linker packages may require that the
** program map be examined for the module that starts the program.
** Copyright 1990 Fred Motteler and Applied Microsystems Corporation
*/
#include <dos.h>
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned int
main()
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("pawhere.tmp", "w");
fprintf(fp, "%x %x\n",
(FP_SEG((char far *) main)), (FP_OFF((char far *) main)));
fclose(fp);
exit(0);
}
[LISTING FOUR]
/* pamsdos.c -- Utility functions used by MS-DOS version of the statistical
** performance analysis package.
** Copyright 1990 Fred Motteler and Applied Microsystems Corporation
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "padef.h"
/* Function: int main( argcN, argvAS )
** Description: MS-DOS based statistical performance analysis program.
** Command line arguments: pamsdos prog.map prog.cfg prog.exe options
** Where: prog.map = memory map for program; prog.cfg = memory map
** configuration; prog.exe = program to run; options = command options
** for the program to run
*/
int
main( argcN, argvAS )
int argcN;
char *argvAS[];
{
int errorN; /* Error code */
unsigned int segmentW; /* Starting load address of program to run */
unsigned int offsetW;
unsigned long originL;
int processedN; /* Number of map globals processed */
int i; /* General index */
FILE *mapFP; /* Map file to read */
FILE *formatFP; /* File with map file format information */
char commandAC[PA_LINE_LEN]; /* Complete command line for program */
int pagelinesN; /* Number of lines on output page, 0 if
* continuous, -1 if no display output, else
* n if n lines per page. */
FILE *listFP; /* Results output file */
char listAB[80]; /* Optional results listing file path/name */
char pagelinesAB[8]; /* String for number of lines/page */
printf("pamsdos - Statistical performance analysis tool for MS-DOS\n");
printf("Version %s\n", PA_VERSION);
printf("Copyright (C) 1990 Fred Motteler and Applied Microsystems Corp\n");
if (argcN < 4)
{
printf("Usage: pamsdos prog.map prog.cfg prog.exe [options]\n");
printf(" Where: prog.map memory map for program\n");
printf(" prog.cfg memory map configuration file\n");
printf(" prog.exe program to run\n");
printf(" [options] command line options for program to run\n");
exit(-100);
}
/* Determine where the program to run is to be located. */
if ((errorN = pa_locate(&segmentW, &offsetW)) != 0)
{
pa_error(errorN);
exit(errorN);
}
/* Calculate origin of program. Room must be allowed for memory
* malloc()'d off the heap. */
originL = (unsigned long) (segmentW + 1);
originL <<= 4;
originL += (unsigned long) (offsetW - 2);
originL += (unsigned long) (PA_BUFLEN << 2);
if ((pa_debugN & PA_GENERAL) != 0)
{
printf("program start segment:offset %x:%x\n", segmentW, offsetW);
printf(" linear address %lx\n",originL);
}
/* Get the complete command line to invoke the program. */
strcpy(commandAC, argvAS[3]);
if (argcN > 4)
{
for (i = 4; i < argcN; i++)
{
strcat(commandAC," ");
strcat(commandAC,argvAS[i]);
}
}
/* Run the program and collect samples. */
printf("Starting %s\n", argvAS[3]);
if ((errorN = pa_pcsample(commandAC, PA_SAMPLE, PA_BUFLEN)) != 0)
{
pa_error(errorN);
exit(errorN);
}
/* Read in the configuration file to get map format information and
* to get number of lines / display page and option listing file. */
if ((formatFP = fopen(argvAS[2], "r")) == (FILE *) NULL)
{
pa_error(PA_NO_CFG_E);
exit(PA_NO_CFG_E);
}
/* Read in display lines, and optional output file configuration data
* from the configuration file. */
if (((errorN = paconfig(formatFP, PA_PAGELINES, pagelinesAB)) != 0) ||
((errorN = paconfig(formatFP, PA_LISTFILE, listAB)) != 0))
{
pa_error(errorN);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(errorN);
}
/* Determine the number of lines/page to display */
if (sscanf(pagelinesAB, "%d", &pagelinesN) != 1)
{
pa_error(PA_BAD_ARG_E);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(PA_BAD_ARG_E);
}
/* Open the optional listing file */
if (listAB[0] == '\0')
listFP = (FILE *) NULL;
else if ((listFP = fopen(listAB, "w")) == (FILE *) NULL)
{
pa_error(PA_NO_LST_E);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(PA_NO_LST_E);
}
/* Read program's memory map and create "bins" for program counter samples. */
if ((mapFP = fopen(argvAS[1], "r")) == (FILE *) NULL)
{
pa_error(PA_NO_MAP_E);
fclose(mapFP);
exit(PA_NO_MAP_E);
}
if ((errorN = pardmap(mapFP, formatFP, originL, &processedN)) != 0)
{
pa_error(errorN);
fclose(mapFP);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(errorN);
}
/* Process the samples and sort the bins according to the PC hits in
* each bin. */
printf("Processing samples\n");
if ((errorN = pa_bstuff(PA_SAMPLE, patableAHP, &processedN)) != 0)
{
pa_error(errorN);
fclose(mapFP);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(errorN);
}
/* Display the results */
padisply(patableAHP, processedN, pagelinesN, listFP);
fclose(mapFP);
fclose(formatFP);
exit(0);
}
/* Function: int pa_locate(unsigned int *segmentPW, unsigned int *offsetPW)
** Description: This function figures out where in memory the program to be
** analyzed is to be run. MS-DOS executables are dynamically located at
** runtime. In order to avoid the complexity of writing a DOS ".exe" loader
** program, a simpler approach is used here. This function uses the ANSI
** system() library function to execute a trial program, "pawhere.exe" that
** writes its starting code segment and offset to a temporary file
** "pawhere.tmp". After "pawhere.exe" has finished, this function opens the
** temporary file and reads the starting segment and offset value. It is
** assumed that the desired program to be tested will have the same starting
** code segment and offset. If all operations were successful, then 0 is
** returned. Otherwise a non-zero error code will be returned.*/
int
pa_locate(segmentPW, offsetPW)
unsigned int *segmentPW;
unsigned int *offsetPW;
{
FILE *fp;
/* First figure out where the program will be loaded. Run "pawhere.exe"
* via a system() function call. */
if ((system("pawhere")) != 0)
return(PA_NO_WHERE_E);
/* Read in the result of whereami.tmp. */
if ((fp = fopen("pawhere.tmp", "r")) == (FILE *) NULL)
return(PA_NO_TMP_E);
if ((fscanf(fp, "%x %x", segmentPW, offsetPW)) != 2)
return(PA_BAD_TMP_E);
fclose(fp);
if (remove("pawhere.tmp") != 0)
return(PA_TMP_RM_E);
return(0);
}
/* Function: int pa_pcsample(char *programS, char *sampfileS, int samplesN)
** Description: This function runs the program (entire command line) pointed
** to by programS, while sampling its program counter every PC clock tick.
** Up to samplesN program counter samples are collected, and then written
** out in binary format to the file sampfiles.*/
int
pa_pcsample(programS, sampfileS, samplesN)
char *programS; /* Command line of program to run */
char *sampfileS; /* File to use to write out pc samples */
int samplesN; /* Maximum number of samples to collect */
{
unsigned long *pcbufferPL; /* Word pointer to local pc sample buffer */
unsigned int *pcbufferPW; /* Long pointer to local pc sample buffer */
unsigned long *pcorgPL; /* Original copy of pointer to pc sample buf */
unsigned int segmentW; /* Starting segment of program to run */
unsigned int offsetW; /* Starting offset of program to run */
int handleN; /* pc sample file handle */
unsigned long sampleL; /* segment:offset sample converted to linear */
int i; /* general index */
/* Grab memory for the sample buffer */
if ((pcbufferPL = (unsigned long *) malloc((4*samplesN)))
== (unsigned long *) NULL)
return(PA_NO_MEM_E);
/* Copy buffer pointer to allow word (int) access as well as long access.*/
pcbufferPW = (unsigned int *) pcbufferPL;
pcorgPL = pcbufferPL;
/* Start CS:IP sampling */
paopen(pcbufferPW, samplesN);
/* Run the desired program. */
if (system(programS) != 0)
{
paclose();
return(PA_NO_EXEC_E);
}
/* Stop sampling */
samplesN = paclose();
/* Convert the samples from offsetW:segment to linear addresses relative
* to the origin of the loaded program. */
if ((pa_debugN & PA_GENERAL) != 0)
printf("pa_pcsample: number of samples: %d\n", samplesN);
for (i = 0; i < samplesN; i++)
{
/* Read segment:offset value from the table. */
offsetW = *pcbufferPW++;
segmentW = *pcbufferPW++;
if ((pa_debugN & PA_GENERAL) != 0)
printf("pa_pcsample: sample segment:offset %x:%x\n",
segmentW,offsetW);
/* Convert it to a linear address. */
sampleL = ((unsigned long) offsetW)
+ (((unsigned long) segmentW) << 4);
/* Write the linear address back to the table. */
*pcbufferPL++ = sampleL;
if ((pa_debugN & PA_GENERAL) != 0)
printf("pa_pcsample: linear sample %lx\n",sampleL);
}
/* Write the samples to a binary file. */
if ((handleN = open (sampfileS, (O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_RAW), 0))
== (-1))
{
free(pcorgPL);
return(PA_NO_PC_FILE_E);
}
if ((write( handleN, ((char *) pcorgPL), (samplesN << 2)))
!= (samplesN << 2))
{
close(handleN);
free(pcorgPL);
return(PA_NO_PC_WR_E);
}
close(handleN);
free(pcorgPL);
return(0);
}