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- FOR RELEASE: October 10, 1995
-
- RELEASE NO.: STScI-PRC95-39
-
-
- HUBBLE PROVIDES THE FIRST IMAGES OF SATURN'S AURORA
-
- (Top) - This is the first image ever taken of bright aurorae at
- Saturn's northern and southern poles, as seen in far ultraviolet light
- by the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard NASA's Hubble Space
- Telescope. Hubble resolves a luminous, circular band centered on the
- north pole, where an enormous auroral curtain rises as far as 1,200
- miles (2,000 kilometers) above the cloudtops. This curtain changed
- rapidly in brightness and extent over the two hour period of our HST
- observations, though the brightest emissions remained at a position
- fixed in sun angle, near "dawn" in the north auroral band. The image
- was taken on October 9, 1994, when Saturn was at a distance of 831
- million miles (1.3 billion kilometers) from Earth.
-
- The aurora is produced as trapped charged particles precipitating from
- the magnetosphere collide with atmospheric gases -- molecular and
- atomic hydrogen in Saturn's case. As a result of the bombardment,
- Saturn's gases glow at far-ultraviolet wavelengths (110-160 nanometers)
- which are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, and so can only be
- observed from space-based telescopes. Saturn's magnetic field is nearly
- perfectly aligned with the planet's rotation, giving the auroral "ring"
- its symmetry centered on the pole. (The southern aurora is faintly
- visible in this view despite the fact that Saturn's northern pole is
- now tilted slightly toward Earth.)
-
- The Hubble images demonstrate our capability to record from the Earth
- the auroral brightness and distribution about Saturn's poles, which
- will ultimately complement the in situ measurements of Saturn's
- magnetic field and charged particles to be made by the NASA/ESA Cassini
- spacecraft near the turn of the century.
-
- Study of the aurora on Saturn had its beginnings a few decades ago.
- The Pioneer 11 probe observed a far-ultraviolet brightening on Saturn's
- poles in 1979. Beginning in 1980, a series of spectroscopic
- observations by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) have
- sporadically detected emissions from Saturn's auroral zones. The
- Saturn flybys of the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, in the early 1980s,
- found auroral emissions confined to a circumpolar ring.
-
- (Bottom) - For comparison, this is a visible-light color composite
- image of Saturn as seen by Hubble on December 1, 1994. Unlike the
- ultraviolet image, Saturn's familiar atmospheric belts and zones are
- clearly seen. The lower cloud deck is not visible at UV wavelengths
- because sunlight is reflected from higher in the atmosphere.
-
- Credits: J.T. Trauger (JPL), J.T. Clarke (Univ. of Michigan), the
- WFPC2 science team, and NASA
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format may be accessed on Internet via
- anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo. The same images are
- available via World Wide Web from URL
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html, or via links in
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
- GIF JPEG
- PRC95-39 Saturn Aurora gif/SatAur.gif jpeg/SatAur.jpg
-