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- I have recently picked up the book "Atari ST Internals" by K. Gerits,
- L. Englisch, and R. Bruckman; published by Abacus Software, cost $19.95.
- The book covers a wide variety of subjects in its 446 pages, including
- the integrated circuits (except the miscellaneous TTL parts), the hardware
- interfaces, and the operating system. Included in the book is a listing
- of the 20 June 1985 BIOS. In brief, it is a good addition to the developer's
- kit, but no substitute for the documentation contained in the kit.
-
- The book is divided into three chapters, The Integrated Circuits; The
- Interfaces; and The ST Operating System. The first chapter is about 60 pages
- long and provides cursory descriptions of each of the major circuits in the
- ST. The second chapter provides a 34 page description of the interfaces
- available on the ST including the pinouts of the connectors and a schematic
- diagram of each interface (except the cartridge). The final chapter takes
- up the main portion of the book and is contains descriptions of GEMDOS, BIOS,
- XBIOS, Line-A calls, the exception and interrupt handling, the VT52 emulator,
- the system variables, the 68000 instruction set and addressing modes.
-
- ----- start of long! review ------
-
- The first chapter gives very short and incomplete descriptions of the
- custom chips (Glue, MMU, Shifter, and DMA) -- apparently the authors didn't
- have any more info from Atari than we do. The descriptions of the standard
- parts are more complete, but less than one could obtain from data sheets.
- Information on programming the standard parts (including the sound chip) are
- provided. A diagram of each chip is included, the only item missing is the
- notch in the DIPs and the bevel on the leadless chip packs. These diagrams
- might help clear up some of the memory upgrade confusion.
-
- The second chapter provides a diagram showing the pinouts of the connect-
- ors and a sort-of schematic. The keyboard description is probably better than
- the summation of the various documents provided in the developers kit. It has
- a listing of the keyboard commands and a program for dumping the keyboard ROM.
- The diagram of the codes returned by each key is especially nice. The manner
- in which the chips are used is presented in this chapter, giving an insight
- into the capabilities and limitations of the ST. An example is that the
- cartridge port cannot be written to (even if you bring out r/w lines) because
- the Glue chip will generate a bus error.
-
- The third chapter is the real reason to buy this book. The discussion of
- the GEMDOS calls is probably better than the GEM DOS Spec. provided with the
- developer's kit, but the examples are provided in assembler, not using a C
- language binding. This is probably not a major problem, as the bindings given
- in the GEM DOS Spec. do not match the include file osbind.h anyway. The
- descriptions of the XBIOS calls include the C bindings, but once again the
- examples are given in assembler. This section is roughly the equivalent of
- "A Hitchhiker's Guide to the BIOS" provided with the developer's kit. The
- real win in this book is the section which describes the graphics calls. Here
- 14 of the 15 "line-A" calls are described. The descriptions and examples are
- much clearer than "The Long-Awaited Line 'A' Document." The exception and
- interrupt sections provide in one place information which is scattered through-
- out the developer's kit (I think, I haven't found all the stuff in the kit
- yet). The listing of the system variables is more descriptive than the Guide,
- but not as extensive in the interpretation of values. One thing to note is
- that the value of _hz_200 ($4ba) is correctly reported (as opposed to the
- value $4bc given in the Guide). The next section is a listing of 68000
- instructions, ok for getting the general idea of the BIOS listing which
- follows, but you won't be an assembler programmer after you're done reading
- it. The BIOS listing is old, and represents the version which was provided
- when the ST was first made available in the U.S. The listing suggests a way
- to find out what the date of your version of TOS is: using SID find the
- value of _sysbase (longword at $4f2) display the beginning of the os and
- examine the seventh longword. It should have the date (mine has $11161985).
- [If somebody has the TOS ROMs, please post the result.]
-
- In conclusion (finally!), I would recommend this book to developers and
- even to non-developers. It provides a reasonable description of the hardware
- and software. The major shortcoming is the lack of AES or VDI documentation,
- but that is alluded to by the very last printed page -- an ad for "GEM
- Programmers' Reference Atari ST," among others. One missing item is an index.
- This would have been real handy, but probably added an additional 20 pages.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Lee Mendoza
-
-
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