home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
- The Disk Doctor
-
-
- The ST Disk Structure:
-
- sector 0 is the boot track
- sectors 1 through 5 are the first copy
- of the File Allocation Table (FAT)
- sectors 6 through 10 are the second FAT copy
- sectors 11 through 17 are the directory
- the remainder of the disk is data space.
-
- On floppies, the boot track is 1 sector long, each FAT is 5
- sectors, the directory is 7 sectors. On a single-sided disk, this
- theoretically leaves 702 sectors for data, but the operating
- system seems to count somewhat less: when a disk is formatted, it
- shows only 698 sectors available. Double-sided floppies also have
- 1 sector boot tracks, On at least one hard disk, the boot track is
- again 1 sector long, each FAT is 41 sectors and the root directory
- (the main directory or desktop) is 16 sectors. Other hard disk
- structures may vary.
-
-
- DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
-
- The root or main directory is in the seven consecutive
- sectors mentioned above. A subdirectory (a folder or path) is
- actually a file on the disk. While the root directory is limited
- in the maximum number of files it can take, since files need not
- be contiguous, a subdirectory is not thus limited.
-
-
- Each directory entry is 32 bytes long: there are 16 entries
- per sector, laid out so:
-
-
- file name bytes 0-7
- extension bytes 8-10
- attributes byte 11
- reserved space bytes 12-21
- time stamp bytes 22-23
- date stamp bytes 24-25
- starting cluster bytes 26-27 (an integer)
- length (bytes) bytes 28-31 (a 4-byte integer)
-
- File name is the part of the name before the period, eight
- bytes padded on the right with blanks if less than that in length.
- If the first byte in a name is zero, the entry is unused. If $E5
- (229 decimal), then the file has been erased. If the first byte is
- a period, ($2E), then the entry is a special type of subdirectory.
- Extension is the remainder of the file name; three bytes, again
- padded with blanks. Reserved bytes are usually all zero.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Disk structure: Page 8
-
-
-
-
- The Disk Doctor
-
-
- Attributes describe how the files are treated by the system.
- If the bit is zero, the attribute is off, if one it is on (used):
-
-
- bit 0 means the file is read only
- bit 1 means the file is hidden
- bit 2 means it is a system file
- bit 3 means it is a volume label, not a file
- bit 4 means it is a subdirectory
- bit 5 is an archive bit
- bits 6 and 7 are unused at present
-
- A read-only file cannot be written to or deleted. Hidden and
- system files are normally not seen in the directory listing but
- you can see these files by viewing the directory from the repair
- menu. The volume label is the disk name usually entered at format
- time. It normally only appears in the root directory.
-
-
- The subdirectory attribute says this is a folder (path)
- rather than a file, although they are stored in the same manner. A
- subdirectory is structured in the same manner as a root directory
- except that has no fixed size and can grow as large as necessary.
-
-
- The archive bit is set if a file has been changed since its
- last backup. Used normally only with hard disks. Attributes are
- marked on the disk information screen by a single letter. If an
- 'x' appears below that letter, then the attribute is set.
-
-
- The time and date stamps record the last change of a file.
-
-
- time stamp:
- bits 0-4 are seconds/2 (0 - 29)
- bits 5-10 are minutes (0 - 59)
- bits 11-15 are hours (0 - 23)
-
- date stamp:
- bits 0-4 are the date (1-31)
- bits 5-8 are the month (1-12)
- bits 9-15 are the year (add 1980 to get the correct
- value)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Disk structure: Page 9
-
-
-
-
- The Disk Doctor
-
-
- Starting cluster is an Intel 8088 format integer: that is,
- its bytes are swapped. That is, the low byte comes before the high
- byte. It is simply the cluster number where the file begins (there
- are two sectors in each cluster). For where the file goes after
- that, see the FAT. File Length is an Intel 8088 format longint:
- that is, its words are swapped and within each word, the bytes are
- swapped.
-
-
- File size contains the size on disk in bytes but the actual
- size in memory may be smaller if DOS reaches the last cluster in
- the FAT before this many bytes are read.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Disk structure: Page 10
-
-