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- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -- Standard Library: Random numbers
- --
- -- Suitable for use with Hugs 98
- --
- -- The code in this file draws heavily from several different sources,
- -- including the implementations in previous Hugs and GHC implementations.
- -- Much of this was done by Sigbjorn Finne. If there are mistakes here,
- -- blame me. The random number generation itself is based on a published
- -- article by L'Ecuyer that was transliterated into Haskell by Lennart
- -- Augustsson. See the comments below for further details.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- module Random(
- RandomGen(next, split),
- StdGen, mkStdGen,
- Random( random, randomR,
- randoms, randomRs,
- randomIO, randomRIO ),
- getStdRandom, getStdGen, setStdGen, newStdGen
- ) where
-
- import IOExts
-
-
- -- The RandomGen class: ------------------------------------------------------
-
- class RandomGen g where
- next :: g -> (Int, g)
- split :: g -> (g, g)
-
-
- -- An efficient and portable combined random number generator: ---------------
- --
- -- The June 1988 (v31 #6) issue of the Communications of the ACM has an
- -- article by Pierre L'Ecuyer called, "Efficient and Portable Combined
- -- Random Number Generators". Here is the Portable Combined Generator of
- -- L'Ecuyer for 32-bit computers. It has a period of roughly 2.30584e18.
- --
- -- Transliterator: Lennart Augustsson
- -- sof 1/99 - code brought (kicking and screaming) into the new Random
- -- world..
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- data StdGen = StdGen Int Int
-
- mkStdGen :: Int -> StdGen
- mkStdGen seed = StdGen (s1+1) (s2+1)
- where s = abs seed
- (q, s1) = s `divMod` 2147483562
- s2 = q `mod` 2147483398
-
- stdFromString :: String -> (StdGen, String)
- stdFromString s = (mkStdGen num, rest)
- where (cs, rest) = splitAt 6 s
- num = foldl (\a x -> x + 3 * a) 1 (map ord cs)
-
- stdNext :: StdGen -> (Int, StdGen)
- stdNext (StdGen s1 s2) = (z', StdGen s1'' s2'')
- where z' = if z < 1 then z + 2147483562 else z
- z = s1'' - s2''
-
- k = s1 `quot` 53668
- s1' = 40014 * (s1 - k * 53668) - k * 12211
- s1'' = if s1' < 0 then s1' + 2147483563 else s1'
-
- k' = s2 `quot` 52774
- s2' = 40692 * (s2 - k' * 52774) - k' * 3791
- s2'' = if s2' < 0 then s2' + 2147483399 else s2'
-
- stdSplit :: StdGen -> (StdGen, StdGen)
- stdSplit std@(StdGen s1 s2)
- = (left, right)
- where
- -- no statistical foundation for this!
- left = StdGen new_s1 t2
- right = StdGen t1 new_s2
-
- new_s1 | s1 == 2147483562 = 1
- | otherwise = s1 + 1
-
- new_s2 | s2 == 1 = 2147483398
- | otherwise = s2 - 1
-
- StdGen t1 t2 = snd (next std)
-
- -- A standard instance of RandomGen: -----------------------------------------
-
- instance RandomGen StdGen where
- next = stdNext
- split = stdSplit
-
- instance Show StdGen where
- showsPrec p (StdGen s1 s2)
- = showSigned showInt p s1 . showChar ' ' . showSigned showInt p s2
-
- instance Read StdGen where
- readsPrec p = \ r ->
- case try_read r of
- r@[_] -> r
- _ -> [stdFromString r] -- because it shouldn't ever fail.
- where
- try_read r = do
- (s1, r1) <- readDec (dropWhile isSpace r)
- (s2, r2) <- readDec (dropWhile isSpace r1)
- return (StdGen s1 s2, r2)
-
-
- -- The Random class: ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- class Random a where
- -- Minimal complete definition: random and randomR
- random :: RandomGen g => g -> (a, g)
- randomR :: RandomGen g => (a,a) -> g -> (a,g)
-
- randoms :: RandomGen g => g -> [a]
- randoms g = x : randoms g' where (x,g') = random g
-
- randomRs :: RandomGen g => (a,a) -> g -> [a]
- randomRs ival g = x : randomRs ival g' where (x,g') = randomR ival g
-
- randomIO :: IO a
- randomIO = getStdRandom random
-
- randomRIO :: (a,a) -> IO a
- randomRIO range = getStdRandom (randomR range)
-
- instance Random Int where
- random g = randomR (minBound,maxBound) g
- randomR (a,b) g = randomIvalInteger (toInteger a, toInteger b) g
-
- instance Random Char where
- random g = randomR (minBound,maxBound) g
- randomR (a,b) g =
- case (randomIvalInteger (toInteger (ord a), toInteger (ord b)) g) of
- (x,g) -> (chr x, g)
-
- instance Random Bool where
- random g = randomR (minBound,maxBound) g
- randomR (a,b) g =
- case (randomIvalInteger (toInteger (bool2Int a), toInteger (bool2Int b)) g) of
- (x, g) -> (int2Bool x, g)
- where
- bool2Int False = 0
- bool2Int True = 1
-
- int2Bool 0 = False
- int2Bool _ = True
-
- instance Random Integer where
- random g = randomR (toInteger (minBound::Int),
- toInteger (maxBound::Int)) g
- randomR ival g = randomIvalInteger ival g
-
- instance Random Double where
- random g = randomR (0::Double,1) g
- randomR ival g = randomIvalDouble ival id g
-
- -- hah, so you thought you were saving cycles by using Float?
- instance Random Float where
- random g = randomIvalDouble (0::Double,1) realToFrac g
- randomR (a,b) g = randomIvalDouble (realToFrac a, realToFrac b) realToFrac g
-
-
- -- Auxiliary functions: ------------------------------------------------------
-
- randomIvalInteger :: (RandomGen g, Num a) => (Integer, Integer) -> g -> (a, g)
- randomIvalInteger (l,h) rng
- | l > h = randomIvalInteger (h,l) rng
- | otherwise = case (f n 1 rng) of
- (v, rng') -> (fromInteger (l + v `mod` k), rng')
- where
- k = h - l + 1
- b = 2147483561
- n = iLogBase b k
-
- f 0 acc g = (acc, g)
- f n acc g = let (x,g') = next g
- in f (n-1) (fromInt x + acc * b) g'
-
- randomIvalDouble :: (RandomGen g, Fractional a)
- => (Double, Double) -> (Double -> a) -> g -> (a, g)
- randomIvalDouble (l,h) fromDouble rng
- | l > h = randomIvalDouble (h,l) fromDouble rng
- | otherwise =
- case (randomIvalInteger (toInteger (minBound::Int), toInteger (maxBound::Int)) rng) of
- (x, rng') ->
- let
- scaled_x =
- fromDouble ((l+h)/2) +
- fromDouble ((h-l) / realToFrac intRange) *
- fromIntegral (x::Int)
- in
- (scaled_x, rng')
-
- intRange :: Integer
- intRange = toInteger (maxBound::Int) - toInteger (minBound::Int)
-
- iLogBase :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
- iLogBase b i = if i < b then 1 else 1 + iLogBase b (i `div` b)
-
-
- -- The global standard random number generator: ------------------------------
-
- primitive getRandomSeed :: IO Integer
-
- global_rng :: IORef StdGen
- global_rng = unsafePerformIO (do seed <- getRandomSeed
- newIORef (mkStdGen (toInt seed)))
-
- setStdGen :: StdGen -> IO ()
- setStdGen sgen = writeIORef global_rng sgen
-
- getStdGen :: IO StdGen
- getStdGen = readIORef global_rng
-
- newStdGen :: IO StdGen
- newStdGen = do rng <- getStdGen
- let (a,b) = split rng
- setStdGen a
- return b
-
- getStdRandom :: (StdGen -> (a,StdGen)) -> IO a
- getStdRandom f = do rng <- getStdGen
- let (v, new_rng) = f rng
- setStdGen new_rng
- return v
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-