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Table1 ColA13 ColB13 ColA15 ColB15 "Data.app @ Table1 Subject Arial Arial Sketch Z%TYY U%TeV TejV%XU RYZU%XU JYYU%XU &Paint.app Trivia. Freeware. For more Series 5 software, check out http://3lib.ukonline.co.uk/ Started by rregal@cix.co.uk and merged with data from my own Trivia program for the Series 3 classic. And then added to in various bits as we went on, thanks particularly to Richard Lambley, Roger Burton-West, Jim Willsher, Ian Sayers, Alan Jones, Simon Williams, Colin Smith, Andrew Giddings, Andre van Linden, Thomas Floyd, Richard Weeber, David Aldous, Stewart Shine, Mark Wilder, Daniel Pope, Kevin Turner, Neil Jowett, David Rushall and others on the net. Steve Litchfield slitchfield@cix.co.uk Sketch Z%TYY U%TeV TejV%XU RYZU%XU JYYU%XU &Paint.app 1 Paper 12 Silk/Linen 55 Emerald 2 Cotton 13 Lace 60 Diamond 3 Leather 14 Ivory 70 Platinum 4 Fruit/Flowers 15 Crystal 5 Wooden 20 China 6 Sugar/Iron 25 Silver 7 Wool/Copper 30 Pearl 8 Bronze/Pottery 35 Coral 9 Willow 40 Ruby 10 Tin 45 Sapphire 11 Steel 50 Golden Sketch T5TEU &Paint.app GMiles of smiles Get grinning If you want to interest someone across a crowded room, first make sure you are established chatting with your most amusing pals. Each time you smile at their wit, catch the eye of the person you want to attract at the same time. They'll be unconsciously attracted to your smiles and want to come over and join in the fun. Body moves Men like to be approached from the side and women prefer to be approached from the front. Lean in towards the person and, if they like you, they will also lean towards you. Start to mirror some of their movements; pick up your drink at the same time, cross or uncross your legs as they do. If they respond in turn, the message may be mutual. Eye eye Lingering looks make the world go round. When chatting, we tend to keep our eyes on the speaker and then look away before starting to talk. Each time the talking changes from the other person to you, hold their gaze for as long as you dare before looking away. Short-sighted women are on to a winner because they appear to men to be gazing into their eyes, when in fact it's just a spot of myopia. Dilated pupils suggest you fancy someone, so keep the lights low but don't be deceived by someone else's dark deep eyes; their pupils may be dilated just because they are tired or drunk. Sounds good The art of sounding attractive is to speak softly and lower your voice as much as possible, to warm the tone. Sit down if you can so that your voice is more relaxed, but don't lean back, as this changes your tone too much. Men should make their voices as musical as possible, using as varied a range of notes as they can, whereas women have to try not to squeal. Silent signals Scents can stun but may mask natural animal attraction. The most mysterious sex signals are our pheromones, which somehow waft through the air. They may be produced from the armpits and are subtle enough to be masked by deodorants, so it's a fine line between sexual attraction and being simply smelly. Decisions, decisions SANip Small Large 1 pt Flagon 2 pts Peck 2 gallons (16 pts) Pin 4 gallons (36 pts) Bushel 8 gallons (4 pecks) Firkin 9 gallons (72 pts) Anker 10 gallons (80 pts) Kilderkin 16 gallons (2 bushels) Barrel 32 gallons (2 kilderkins) Hogshead 54 gallons (432 pts) Pipe 128 gallons (4 barrels) Tun 256 gallons (2 pipes) I1998 - Central Do Brasil (Central Station) - Walter Salles 1997 - The People VS. Larry Flynt - Milos Forman 1996 - Sense And Sensibility - Ang Lee 1995 - L'appat (Fresh Bait) - Bertrand Tavernier 1994 - In the Name of the Father - Jim Sheridan 1993 - The Woman from the lake of Scented Souls - Xei Fei The Wedding Banquet - Ang Lee 1992 - Grand Canyon - Lawrence Kasdan 1991 - House of Smiles - Marco Ferreri 1990 - Music Box - Costa Gavras Larks on a String - Jiri Menzel 1989 - Rain Man - Barry Levinson 1988 - Red Sorghum - Zhang Yimou 1987 - The Theme - Gleb Panfilov 1986 - Stammheim - Reinhard Hauff 1985 - Wetherby - David Hare The Woman and the Stranger - Rainer Simon 1984 - Love Streams - John Cassavetes 1983 - Ascendancy - Edward Bennet La Colmena (The Beehive) - Mario Camus 1982 - Veronika Voss - Rainer Werner Fassbinder 1981 - Fast, Fast - Carlos Saura 1980 - Heartland - Richard Pearce Palermo Oder Wolfsberg - Werner Schroeter 1979 - David - Peter Lilienthal 1978 - The Trout - Jos Lui Garcia S nchez The Words of Max - Emilio Martinez-Lazaro 1977 - Voskhozhdenie (The Ascent) - Larisa Sheptiko 1976 - Buffalo Bill and the Indians - Robert Altman 1975 - Or kbefogad s (Adoption) - M rta M 1974 - The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz - Ted Kotcheff 1973 - Distant Thunder - Satyajit Ray 1972 - The Canterbury Tales - Pier Paolo Pasolini 1971 - The Garden of the Finzi Contini - Vittorio de Sica 1970 - No Prize Awarded 1969 - Rani Radovi (Early Years) - Zelimir Zilnik 1968 - Ole Dole Doff - Jan Troell 1967 - Le D part - Jerzy Skolimowski 1966 - Cul-de-Sac - Roman Polanski 1965 - Alphaville - Jean-luc Godard 1964 - S suz Yaz (Dry Summer) - Ismail Metin 1963 - Bushido - Tadashi Imai The Devil - Gian Luigi Polidoro 1962 - A Kind of Loving - John Schlesinger 1961 - La Notte - Michelangelo Antonioni 1960 - Lazarillo - Cesar Ardavin 1959 - Les Cousins - Claude Chabrol 1958 - Smultonst llet (Wild Strawberries) - Ingmar Bergman 1957 - Twelve Angry Men - Sidney Lumet 1956 - Invitation to the Dance - Gene Kelly 1955 - Die Ratten (The Rats) - Robert Siodmak 1954 - Hobson s Choice - David Lean 1953 - Le Salaire de la Peur (The Wages Of Fear) - Henri Georges Clouzot 1952 - Hon Dansade En Sommer (One Summer Of Happiness) - Arne Mattson 0GThe Top 20 grossing films ever, inflation-adjusted into 1998's money) 1. Gone With the Wind (1939) 2. Star Wars (1977) 3. E.T. (1982) 4. The Ten Commandments (1956) 5. The Sound of Music (1965) 6. Jaws (1975) 7. Doctor Zhivago (1965) 8. Titanic (1997) 9. The Jungle Book (1967) 10. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) 11. Ben-Hur (1959) 12. 101 Dalmatians (1961) 13. The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 14. Return of the Jedi (1983) 15. The Exorcist (1973) 16. The Sting (1973) 17. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) 18. Jurassic Park (1993) 19. The Graduate (1967) 20. Fantasia (1940) Top 20 Highest-grossing films ever (Worldwide, in millions of US dollars) 1 Titanic (1997) $1720 2 Jurassic Park (1993) $913 3 Independence Day (1996) $808 4 Star Wars (1977) $780 5 The Lion King (1994) $772 6 E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) $701 7 Forrest Gump (1994) $677 8 Lost World (1997) $614 9 Men In Black (1997) $586 10 The Empire Strikes Back (1980) $534 11 Home Alone (1990) $534 12 Terminator 2:Judjement Day (1991) $515 13 Ghost (1990) $508 14 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) $495 15 Twister (1996) $495 16 Aladdin (1992) $479 17 Jaws (1975) $471 18 Return of the Jedi (1983) $470 19 Pretty Woman (1990) $463 20 Mission: Impossible (1996) $453 The Top 20 Worst films ever made (according to reviewers on the Internet) 1. Plan 9 from Outer Space 2. Attack of the Killer Tomatoes 3. Lawn mower man 2:Jobe's War 4. Friday the 13th, Part IV (The Final Chapter) 5. Santa Claus Conquers the Martians 6. The Passenger 7. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers - The Movie 8. Beavis and Butthead do America 9. Lifeforce 10. Leonard, Part 6 11. Conan the Barbarian 12. The Shadow 13. The Police Academy series 14. CannonBall Run 15. Wolf 16. The Lonely Lady 17. Gettysburg 18. WaterWorld 19. The Rocky Horror Picture Show 20. Dumb and Dumber Times New Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman "DWycliffe - 1384 AD Tyndale - 1526 AD Coverdale - 1535 AD Matthew - 1537 AD Great Bible - 1539 AD Geneva Bible - 1560 AD Bishop's Bible - 1568 AD Authorized (King James Version) - 1611 AD The New Testament in Modern Speech (Weymouth) - 1903 AD A New Translation of the Bible (Moffatt) - 1913 and 1924 AD The Complete Bible: an American Translation (Goodspeed) - 1927 AD The Holy Bible (Knox) - 1944 and 1949 AD The Revised Standard Version (The Common Bible) - 1946 and 1952 AD The New World Translation (Jehovah's Witnesses) - 1950 and 1960 AD The Authentic New Testament (Schonfield) - 1955 AD The Amplified Bible - 1958 AD The New Testament in Modern English (Phillips) - 1958 AD The Holy Bible: The Berkeley Version in Modern English - 1959 AD The New English Bible - 1961 and 1970 AD The Jerusalem Bible - 1966 AD Good News Bible - 1966 and 1976 AD The Living Bible (Taylor) - 1971 AD New International Version - 1974 and 1979 AD New King James Version - 1980 and 1982 AD The Message (Peterson) - 1993 AD New Living Translation (Tyndale House) - 1996 AD DWeight (kg) v Height (m) 45 50 55 60 65 70 40 22 96 25 51 28 06 30 61 33 16 35 45 21 40 23 78 26 16 28 54 30 92 33 50 20 00 22 22 24 44 26 67 28 89 31 55 18 73 20 81 22 89 24 97 27 06 29 60 17 58 19 53 21 48 23 44 25 39 27 65 16 53 18 37 20 20 22 04 23 88 25 70 15 57 17 30 19 03 20 76 22 49 24 75 14 69 16 33 17 96 19 59 21 22 22 80 13 89 15 43 16 98 18 52 20 06 21 85 13 15 14 61 16 07 17 53 18 99 20 90 12 47 13 85 15 24 16 62 18 01 19 95 11 83 13 15 14 46 15 78 17 09 18 00 11 25 12 50 13 75 15 00 16 25 17 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 40 38 27 40 82 43 37 45 92 48 47 51 02 53 45 35 67 38 05 40 43 42 81 45 18 47 56 49 50 33 33 35 56 37 78 40 00 42 22 44 44 46 55 31 22 33 30 35 38 37 46 39 54 41 62 43 60 29 30 31 25 33 20 35 16 37 11 39 06 41 65 27 55 29 38 31 22 33 06 34 89 36 73 38 70 25 95 27 68 29 41 31 14 32 87 34 60 36 75 24 49 26 12 27 76 29 39 31 02 32 65 34 80 23 15 24 69 26 23 27 78 29 32 30 86 32 85 21 91 23 37 24 84 26 30 27 76 29 22 30 90 20 78 22 16 23 55 24 93 26 32 27 70 29 96 19 72 21 04 22 35 23 67 24 98 26 30 27 00 18 75 20 00 21 25 22 50 23 75 25 00 26 25 is ideal, 30+ is obese Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial ^AThe Gospels/The Birth of the Church Matthew Mark Luke John The Acts Letters to the Churches Romans I Corinthians II Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians I Thessalonians II Thessalonians I Timothy II Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James I Peter II Peter I John II John III John Jude The Second Coming of Jesus Revelation Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial AThe Pentateuch Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Historical Books Joshua Judges Ruth I Samuel II Samuel I Kings II Kings I Chronicles II Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Poetical Books Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Major Prophetical Books Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Minor Prophetical Books Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial - inspect it in daylight, in dry weather if possible.Use a torch to look underneath for rust, tyre bulges, oil leaks etc. - check engine oil, it will be reasonably clean if recently serviced. - look from 20 feet away and check the car is level. If not, the suspension may need attention. - press hard on each corner in turn. When released, the car should not bounce more than twice. If it does, the shock absorbers need renewing. - check inside for damp areas indicating water entry and/or rusted floor panels. - check slack in steering action. More than 2 inches of play indicates a badly worn mechanism. - check the doors open and close easily. Misalignment could have been caused by accident damage. - on the test drive, check for a clean exhaust and smooth clutch and gear operation. Check braking pulls the car up smoothly in a straight line. Sketch &Paint.app We accept no responsibility for any harm or damage done to anything or anybody as a result of using information presented in this database, nor do we guarantee its accuracy. A disclaimer - Trivia v2.70 About Trivia0 Anniversaries (UK)0 ;iEsperanto Idiom Neutral Interglossa Interlingua Novial Occidental Pankel Tutonish Volapuk Klingon Loglan Artificial languages0 Attraction Signs Beer measuresu Berlin Festival Golden Bear5 Best and worst films Bible translations; January Garnet February Amethyst March Aquamarine April Diamond May Emerald June Pearl July Ruby August Peridot September Sapphire October Opal November Blue Topaz December Turquoise Birthstones0 Body Mass Index (W/H2)9 Historical Books I Esdras II Esdras Tobit Judith The Rest of Esther I Maccabees II Maccabees Poetical Books Wisdom Sirach Prayer of Azariah Prayer of Manasses Prophetical Books Baruch Epistle of Jeremy History of Susanna Bel and the Dragon Books of the Apocrypha0 Books of the New Testament0 Books of the Old Testament0 Light Flyweight Flyweight Bantamweight Featherweight Lightweight Light Welterweight Welterweight Light Middleweight Middleweight Light-Heavywieght Heavyweight Super Heavyweight Boxing weights0 Buying a second hand car!K1998 - Mia Eoniotita Ke Mia Mera (Eternity and a day) - Theo Angelopoulos (Grece) 1997 - Unagi - Shohei IMAMURA (Japan) Ta'm E Guilass - Abbas KIAROSTAMI (Iran) 1996 - Secrets et mensonges - Ken Leigh (UK) 1995 - Underground - Emir Kusturica (Yugoslavia) 1994 - Pulp Fiction - Quentin Tarantino (US) 1993 - Farewell My Concubine - Chen Kaige (China) The Piano - Jane Campion (New Zeland) 1992 - Den Goda Vilijan (Best Intentions) - Billy August (Denmark) 1991 - Barton Fink - Joel and Ethan Coen (US) 1990 - Wild at Heart - David Lynch (US) 1989 - Sex, Lies and videotapes - Steven Soderbergh (US) 1988 - Pelle the Conqueror (Pell Erobreren) - Billy August (Denmark) 1987 - Sous le Soleil de Satan - Maurice Pialat (France) 1986 - Mission - Roland Joff (UK) 1985 - When Father was away on business (Otak Na Sluzbenom Putu) - Emir Kusturica (Yougoslavia) 1984 - Paris, Texas - Wim Wenders (US) 1983 - The ballad of Narayama (Narayama Bushi Ko) - Shohei Immamura (Japan) 1982 - Yol -Yilmaz G ney, Serif G ren (Turk) Missing - Costa-Gavras (US) 1981 - Man of Iron (Czolowieck z Zelaga) - Andrzej Wajda (Poland) 1980 - Kagemusha - Akira Kurosawa (Japan) All That Jazz - Bob Fosse (US) ex-aequo 1979 - Apocalypse Now - Francis Ford Coppola (US) Die Blechtrommel - Volker Schl ndorff (Germany) ex-aequo 1978 - The Tree of Wooden Clogs - Ermanno Olmi (Italy) 1977 - Padre Padrone - Paulo & Vittorio Taviani (Italy) 1976 - Taxi Driver - Martin Scorcese (US) 1975 - Chronicles of the Burning Years (Ahdat Sanawouach Eldjamr) - Mohammed Lakhdar Hamina (Algeria) 1974 - The Conversation - Francis Ford Coppola (US) 1973 - Scarecrow - Jerry Schatzberg (US) The Hireling (La m prise) - Alan Bridges ex-aequo 1972 - The Mattei Affair - Francesco Rossi (Italy) The working class goes to heaven - Elio Petri (Italy) 1971 - The Go-Between - Joseph Losey (UK) 1970 - M.A.S.H. - Robert Altman (US) 1969 - If - Lindsay Anderson (UK) 1968 - No festival 1967 - Blow Up - Michelangelo Antonioni (Italy) 1966 - Un homme et une femme - Claude Lelouch (France) The Birds, the Bees, and the Italians (Signore et Signori) - Pietro Germi (Italy) ex-aequo 1965 - The Knack - Richard Lester (US or UK ?) 1964 - Les Parapluies de Cherbourg - Jacques Demy (France) 1963 - The Leopard - Luchino Visconti (Italy) 1962 - The Given Word - Duarte 1961 - Viridiana - L. Bu uel (Spain) Une aussi Longue absence - Henri Colpi (France) ex-aequo 1960 - La Dolce Vita - Frederico Fellini (Italy) 1959 - Orfeu Negro (Black Orpheus) - Marcel Camus (France) 1958 - The Cranes are Flying (Letiat Zhuravli) - Mikhail Kalatozov (USSR) 1957 - Friendly Persuasion (La loi du Seigneur) - William Wyler 1956 - The Silent world (Le Monde du silence) - J.Y. Cousteau/L. Malle (France) 1955 - Marty - Delbert Mann Sketch &Paint.app @1866 - Wilhelm Steinitz 1894 - Emmanuel Lasker 1921 - Jos Capablanca 1927 - Alex Alekhine 1935 - Max Euwe 1937 - Alex Alehkine 1948 - Mikhail Botvinnik 1957 - Vasily Smyslov 1960 - Micha l Tal 1966 - Tigran Pet` rosian 1969 - Boris Spassky 1972 - Bobby Fisher 1975 - Anatoly Karpov 1985 - Garry Kasparov zAVelocity = radius * angular velocity (the latter in radians per second) Centripetal acceleration = radius * angular velocity2 Escape velocity = Sqr Root (2 * g * radius of planet) (where g is the gravitational constant for that planet) Period of Simple Harmonic Motion = 2 * Pi / angular velocity, or more usefully, for a pendulum: Period = 2 * Pi * Sqr Root (length/g) NA cognate anagram is a special variety of anagram in which the letters of a word or phrase are transposed to form another word or phrase which redefines, or is closely related in meaning to the original. Absence makes the heart grow fonder He wants back dearest gone from here Actions speak louder than words Talk or airs can not show up deeds Adolf Hitler Hated for ill American Main race Anagrams Ars Magna Bathing girls In slight garb Beneath the sod Death - then be so The boarding house This abode o' hunger Burnishing Shining rub Charitableness I can bless earth Choirman Harmonic Christian Rich saint Circumstantial evidence Actual crime isn't evinced Conversation Voices rant on The countryside No city dust here Decimal point I'm dot in place Declaration An oral edict Delicatessen Ensliced eats Desegregation Negroes get aid The Detectives Detect thieves The economist He tots income The Eiffel tower Few flit o'er thee Eleven plus two Twelve plus one Endearment Tender name Faint-hearted Hinted at fear Faithlessness This falseness Families Life's aim Florence Nightingale Flit on, cheering angel ! A gentleman Elegant man Golden weddings Sign long wedded Harold Wilson (1) Who's 'n old liar ? (2) All show or din Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Won half the New World's glory HMS Pinafore Name for a ship Income Taxes Exact monies Incomprehensible Problem in Chinese Insurance policies Coin is in sure place Insurgent Unresting Integral Calculus Calculating rules Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott A Novel by a Scottish writer James Stuart A just master Jeanne d'Arc, maid of Orleans As a man, rejoined old France The Leaning Tower of Pisa What a foreign stone pile ! The legal profession Sole great help of sin A libel suit I'll sue a bit Many a true word is spoken in jest Men joke and so win trusty praise Margaret Thatcher (1) That great charmer (2) Great charm threat (3) Meg, the arch tartar Mary Whitehouse I may rue the show Misfortune Oft ruins me Misrepresentation Interpret one amiss Modulation I am not loud The Mona Lisa Ah, not a smile ? Moonlight Thin gloom Moonlight Serenade An old-time song here Outside broadcast Be sad, studio actors Parishioner I hire parson Payment received Every cent paid me Peter Oosterhuis See pro hit so true The Postmaster-General He's top letters Manager Premeditation I ponder it, mate Presbyterian Best in prayer Schoolmaster The classroom A sentence of death Faces one at the end Separation One is apart A shoplifter Has to pilfer Slot machines Cash lost in 'em Snoozed Dozes on Softheartedness Often sheds tears A stitch in time saves nine This is meant as incentive Stone deaf Tones fade Strait-laced A deal strict The Taming of the Shrew Her mate won the fights Tantrums Must rant Tax collection Exact coin toll Ted Heath (1) Had teeth (2) The death This ear It hears Total abstainer Is not late at bar Treasure Island Sure is darn tale A trip around the world Hard to plan wider tour Victoria, England's Queen Governs a nice quiet land The wages of sin is death It's owed Satan high fees Waitress A stew, sir ? Western Union No wire unsent William Ewart Gladstone (1) Wild agitator means well (2) We want a mild legislator (3) Wit so great will lead men William Shakespeare We all make his praise Extracts from the Appendix to "The Anagram Dictionary" by Michael Curl DJA January 1999 DKNOUN OF: ARMY, REGIMENT: SOLDIERS ETC ASSEMBLY: PEOPLE BATCH, CASTE: BREAD BENCH: BISHOPS, MAGISTRATES ETC BEVY: ROES, QUAILS,LARKS, PHEASANTS, LADIES ETC BEVY: LARKS, QUAILS, BEAUTIES BOARD: DIRECTORS BROOD: CHICKENS ETC BROOD: HENS BUILDING: ROOKS CAST: HAWKS CATCH, FISH TAKEN IN NETS ETC CETE: BADGERS CHARM: FINCHES CHATTERING: CHOUGHS CLOWDER: CATS CLUMP: TREES CLUSTER: GRAPES, NUTS, STARS ETC COLLECTION: PICTURES, CURIOSITIES ETC COLONY: GULLS, HERONS CONGREGATION: PEOPLE CONGREGATION: PLOVERS COVEN: WITCHES COVEY: GAME BIRDS COVEY: PARTRIDGES CREW: SAILORS CROWD: PEOPLE DESERT: LAPWINGS DOWN: HARES DROVE: HORSES, PONIES, BEASTS ETC DROVE: KINE DRUM: PARTY OF PEOPLE EXALTATION: LARKS FALL: WOODCOCK FEDERATION: TRADE UNIONS FELL: HAIR FIRM: PARTNERS FLEET: SHIPS FLIGHT: DOVES, DUCKS FLIGHT: BEES, BIRDS, STAIRS, DOVES, DUCKS ETC FLOCK: BIRDS, SHEEP, GEESE ETC FLUSH: MALLARDS FOREST: TREES GAGGLE: GEESE GALAXY: BEAUTIES GANG: SLAVES, PRISONERS, THIEVES ETC GATHERING: CLANS HAUL: FISH IN A NET HEAD: CATTLE HERD: CATTLE, DEER, ELEPHANTS, GOATS, PIGS, SHEEP, SWANS, SWINE HIVE: BEES HOST: MEN HOUSE: SENATORS KINDLE: KITTENS LEGION: "FOUL FIENDS" LEPE: LEOPARDS LIBRARY: BOOKS LITTER: PIGS, WHELPS MENAGERIE: WILD BEASTS MOB: ROUGHS, WILD CATTLE ETC MULTITUDE: MEN (IN LAW, MORE THAN TEN) MURDER: CROWS MURMURATION: STARLINGS MUSTER: PEACOCKS MUTE: HOUNDS NEST: RABBITS, ANTS, SHELVES ETC NIDE: PHEASANTS NURSERY: TREES, SHRUBS ETC NYE: ditto PACK: HOUNDS, PLAYING CARDS, GROUSE ETC PADDLING: DUCKS PANEL: JURYMEN PENCIL: RAYS ETC PILE: BOOKS, WOOD STACKED ETC PRIDE: LIONS RABBLE: MEN ILL-BRED AND ILL-CLAD ROOKERY: ROOKS, SEALS, UNHEALTHY HOUSES ROULEAU: MONEY SCHOOL: WHALES ETC SEDGE: HERONS SET: CHINA, ARTICLES SHOAL: MACKEREL SHOCK: HAIR, CORN ETC SKEIN: DUCKS, THREAD, WORSTED SKEIN: GEESE SKULK: FOXES SMUCK: JELLYFISH SOUNDER: SWINE SPRING: TEAL STACK: CORN, HAY, WOOD STRING: HORSES STUD: MARES SUIT: CLOTHES SUITE: ROOMS SWARM: BEES, LOCUSTS ETC SWARM: BEES TAKE: FISH TEAM: OXEN, HORSES ETC TEAM: DRAUGHT ANIMALS, OXEN, DUCKLINGS TRIBE: GOATS TROOP: ANTELOPES, MONKEYS WATCH: NIGHTINGALES WEDGE: SWANS WISP: SNIPE ^NBrook's Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Jones's Law: The man who can smile when things go wrong has thought of someone he can blame it on. First Law of Debate: Never argue with a fool--people might forget who's who. Biondi's Law: If your project doesn't work, look for the part you didn't think was important. Ducharme's Precept: Opportunity always knocks at the least opportune moment. Perrussel's Law: There is no job so simple that it cannot be done wrong. Vile's Law of Communication: No one is listening until you make a mistake. Seay's Law: Nothing ever comes out as planned. Westheimer's Rule: To estimate the time it takes to do a task, estimate the time you think it should take, multiply by two, and change the unit of measure to the next highest unit. Thus, we allocate two days for a one-hour task. Cheop's Law: Nothing ever gets built on schedule or within budget. Ninety-Ninety Rule of Project Schedules: The first ninety percent of the task takes ten percent of the time; the last ten percent takes the other ninety percent. Sevareid's Law: The chief cause of problems is solutions. Schopenhauer's Law of Entropy: If you put a spoonful of wine in a barrel full of sewage, you get sewage. If you put a spoonful of sewage in a barrel full of wine, you get sewage. Juhani's Law: The compromise will always be more expensive than either of the suggestions it is compromising. Weinberg's First Law: Progress is made on alternate Fridays. Malek's Law: Any simple idea will be worded in the most complicated way. Gummidge's Law: The amount of expertise varies in inverse proportion to the number of statements understood by the general public. Shaw's Principle: Build a system a fool can use, and only a fool will want to use it. Heller's Law: The first theorem of management is that it exists. The Law of Volunteering - If you dance with a grizzly bear, you had better let him lead. The Law of Avoiding Oversell - When putting cheese in a mousetrap, always leave room for the mouse. The Law of Common Sense - Never accept a drink from a urologist. The Law of Reality - Never get into fights with ugly people, they have nothing to lose. The Law of Self Sacrifice - When you starve with a tiger, the tiger starves last. The Law of Motivation - Creativity is great, but plagiarism is faster. Boob's Law - You always find something in the last place you look. Weiler's Law - Nothing is impossible for the man who doesn't have to do it himself. Law of Probable Dispersal - Whatever hits the fan will not be evenly distributed. Law of Drunkenness - You can't fall off the floor. Law of Volunteer Labor - People are always available for work in the past tense. Conway's Law - In any organization there is one person who knows what is going on. That person must be fired. Iron Law of Distribution - Them that has, gets. Law of Cybernetic Entomology - There is always one more bug. Osborne's Law - Variables won't; constants aren't. Main's Law - For every action there is an equal and opposite government program. Weinberg's Second Law - If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker that came along would have destroyed civilization. 1st Law of Holes: First step in getting out of the hole your dug for yourself is to stop digging. 2nd Law of Holes: If a boss digs himself into a hole, all subordinates are expected to jump in with him. 3rd Law of Holes: If a subordinate digs a hole, never expect the boss to jump in with him. 4th Law of Holes: If you expect to miss the holes others have left in your path to success, stop looking back at the ones you just climbed out of. Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial @1913 9 9 1937 14 4 1961 29 9 1985 107 1914 10 0 1938 14 1 1962 30 2 1986 109 1915 10 1 1939 13 9 1963 30 6 1987 113 1916 10 9 1940 14 0 1964 31 0 1988 118 1917 12 8 1941 14 7 1965 31 5 1989 124 1918 15 1 1942 16 3 1966 32 4 1990 130 1919 17 3 1943 17 3 1967 33 4 1991 136 1920 20 0 1944 17 6 1968 34 8 1992 140 1921 17 9 1945 18 0 1969 36 7 1993 144 1922 16 8 1946 19 5 1970 38 8 1994 148 1923 17 1 1947 22 3 1971 40 5 1995 152 1924 17 1 1948 24 1 1972 41 8 1996 156 1925 17 5 1949 23 8 1973 44 4 1997 160 1926 17 7 1950 24 1 1974 49 1998 163.0 1927 17 4 1951 26 0 1975 53 1928 17 1 1952 26 5 1976 56 1929 17 1 1953 26 7 1977 60 1930 16 7 1954 26 9 1978 65 1931 15 2 1955 26 8 1979 72 1932 13 7 1956 27 2 1980 82 1933 13 0 1957 28 1 1981 90 1934 13 4 1958 28 9 1982 96 1935 13 7 194 59 29 1 1983 99 1936 13 9 1960 29 6 1984 103 Arial Arial AThe Bermuda Bowl The Contract Bridge World Championship is currently held every two years Year Winners 1950 USA 1951 USA 1953 USA 1954 USA 1955 Great Britain 1956 France 1957-69 Italy 1970 USA 1971 USA 1973 Italy 1974 Italy 1975 Italy 1976 North America 1978 North America 1979 North America 1981 USA 1983 USA 1985 USA 1987 USA 1989 Brazil 1991 Iceland 1993 Netherlands 1995 USA 1997 France Courier Courier Courier A1 Acre 0.4047 Hectares 1 Hectare 2.471 Acre 1 Sq. CM 0.155 Sq. In 1 Sq. IN 6.4516 Sq. CM 1 Sq. Foot 0.0929 Sq. Mt 1 Sq. Metre 10.7639 Sq. Feet 1 Sq. KM 0.386 Sq Mile 1 Sq. Mile 2.58999 Sq. KM 1 Sq. Yard 0.836 Sq. Mt 1 Sq. Mt 1.196 Sq. Yard "VAfghanistan Kabul afghani Albania Tirana lek Algeria Algiers dinar Andorra Andorra la Vella franc & peseta Angola Luanda kwanza Antigua Barbuda St Johns dollar Argentina Buenos Aires austral Armenia Yerevah dram Australia Canberra dollar Austria Vienna schilling Azerbaijan Baku manat Bahamas Nassau dollar Bahrain Manama dinar Bangladesh Dhaka taka Barbados Bridgetown dollar Belarus Minsk ruble Belgium Brussels franc Belize Belmopan dollar Benin Porto-Novo franc Bhutan Thimphu ngultrum (Nu) Bolivia La Paz boliviano Bosnia Herzegovina Sarajevo kuna, dinar Botswana Gaborone pula Brazil Brasilia cruzado Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan dollar Bulgaria Sofia lev Burkina Faso Ouagadougou franc Burundi Bujumbura franc Cambodia Phnom Penh riel Cameroon Yaound franc Canada Ottawa dollar Cape Verde Praia escudo Central African Republic Bangui franc Chad N'Djamena franc Chile Santiago peso China Beijing yuan Colombia Bogot peso Comoros Moroni franc Congo (Zaire) Brazzaville franc Costa Rica San Jos col Croatia Zagreb kuna Cuba Havana peso Cyprus Nicosia pound Czech Republic Prague koruna Denmark Copenhagen krone Djibouti Djibouti franc Dominica Roseau dollar Dominican Republic Santa Domingo peso Ecuador Quito sucre Egypt Cairo pound El Salvador San Salvador col Equatorial Guinea Malabo franc Eritrea Asmera birr Estonia Tallinn kroon Ethiopia Addis Ababa birr Federated States of Micronesia Palikir dollar Fiji Suva dollar Finland Helsinki markka Macedonia Skopje denar France Paris franc Gabon Libreville franc The Gambia Banjul dalasi Georgia Tblisi lari Germany Berlin deutsche mark Ghana Acra cedi Greece Athens drachma Grenada Saint George's dollar Guatemala Guatemala City quetzal Guinea Conakry franc Guinea-Bissau Bissau peso Guyana Georgetown dollar Haiti Port-Au-Prince gourde Honduras Tegucigalpa lempira Hungary Budapest forint Iceland Reykjavik kr India New Delhi rupee Indonesia Jakarta rupiah Iran Tehran rial Iraq Baghdad dinar Ireland Dublin punt Israel Jerusalem shekel Italy Rome lira Ivory Coast Abidjan kuna Jamaica Kingston dollar Japan Tokyo yen Jordan Amman dinar Kazakhstan Almaty tenge Kenya Nairobi shilling Kiribati Tarawa dollar Korea(North) P'yongyang won Korea(South) Seoul won Kuwait Kuwait dinar Kyrgyzstan Bishkek som Laos Vientiane kip Latvia Riga lats Lebanon Beirut pound Lesotho Maseru loti Liberia Monrovia dollar Libya Tripoli dollar Liechtenstein Vaduz franc Lithuania Vilnius litas Luxembourg Luxembourg franc Madagascar Antananaivo franc Malawi Lilongwe kwacha Malaysia Kuala Lumpur dollar Maldives Male rufiyaa Mali Bamako franc Malta Valetta lira Marshall Islands Majuro dollar Mauritania Nouakchott ouguiya Mauritius Port Louis rupee Mexico Mexico City peso Moldova Chisinau leu Monaco Monaco franc Mongolia Ulan Bator tugrik Morocco Rabat dirham Mozambique Maputo metical Myanmar (Burma) Yangon kyat Namibia Windhoek dollar Nauru Yaren dollar Nepal Kathmandu rupee Netherlands(Holland) Amsterdam florin New Zealand Wellington dollar Nicaragua Managua c rdoba Niger Niamey franc Nigeria Abuja naira Norway Oslo krone Oman Masqat rial Pakistan Islamabad rupee Palau Koror dollar Panama Panama City balboa Papua New Guinea Port Moresby kina Paraguay Asuncion guarani Peru Lima inti Philippines Manila peso Poland Warsaw zloty Portugal Lisbon escudo Qatar Doha riyal Romania Bucharest leu Russia Moscow ruble Rwanda Kigali franc St. Kitts and Nevis Basseterre dollar St. Lucia Castries dollar St. Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown dollar San Marino San Marino lire Sao Tome And Principe Sao Tome dobra Saudi Arabia Riyadh riyal Senegal Dakar franc Seychelles Victoria rupee Sierra Leone Freetown leone Singapore Singapore City dollar Slovakia Bratislava koruna Slovenia Ljubljana tolar Solomon Islands Honiara dollar Somalia Mogadishu shilling South Africa Pretoria rand Spain Madrid peseta Sri Lanka Colombo rupee Sudan Khartoum pound Suriname Paramaribo guilder Swaziland Mbabane lilangeni Sweden Stockholm krona Switzerland Berne franc Syria Damascus pound Taiwan Taipei dollar Tajikistan Dushanbe Ruble Tanzania Dodoma shilling Thailand Bangkok baht Togo Lome franc Tonga Nukualofa pa'anga Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain dollar Tunisia Tunis dinar Turkey Ankara lira Turkmenistan Ashgabat Manat Tuvala Fongafale dollar Uganda Kampala shilling Ukraine Kiev karbovanets United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi dirham United Kingdom London pound USA Washington DC dollar Uruguay Montevideo peso Uzbekistan Tashkent sum Vanuatu Port-Vila vatu Vatican City Vatican City lira Venezuela Caracas bolivar Vietnam Hanoi dong Western Samoa Apia tala Yemen Sanaa riyal Yugoslavia Belgrade dinar Zambia Lusaka kwacha Zimbabwe Harare dollar England London Scotland Edinburgh Wales Cardiff Gibraltar Gibraltar Falkland Islands Stanley Greenland Godthab Guadeloupe Basse Terre Guam Agana Hong Kong Victoria Macau Macau Martinique Fort De France New Caledonia Noumea Puerto Rico San Juan Reunion St. Denis St. Helena Jamestown Compiled by S. Shine for Trivia (stewart.shine@virgin.net) Nov. 1998 &AMonday's child is fair of face Tuesday's child is full of grace Wednesday's child is full of woe Thursday's child has far to go Friday's child is loving & giving Saturday's child works hard for a living And the child that is born on the Sabbath day is bonny and blithe and good and gay Cannes Festival Golden Palmsw Baby (1/8) Nip ( Bottle Magnum (2) Jeroboam (4) Rehoboam (6) Methuselah (8) Salamanazar (12) Balthazar (16) Nebuchadnezzar (20) Champagne Bottles0 Chess World Champions "Circular Motion - useful equationsu% Cognate Anagrams5 Collective nouns Common lawsu+ #Consumer Price Index (US All Urban)A Arial Contract bridge9/ Conversions - area0 1 cm 0.3937 In 1 In 2.54 cm 1 Foot 0.3048 m 1 m 3.2808 Foot 1 km 0.6214 Miles 1 Mile 1.6093 km 1 m 1.0936 Yards 1 Yard 0.9144 m Conversions - distance0 1 BTU 252.0 Calories 1 Calorie 0.003968 BTU 1 BTU 1054.0 Joules 1 Joule 0.000949 BTU 1 Calorie 4.186 Joules 1 Joule 0.238892 Calories Conversions - Energy0 1 Fl. Oz. 0.0284 L 1 L 35.1961 Fl. Oz. 1 UK Gall. 1.2 US Gall. 1 US Gall 0.83333 UK Gall. 1 UK Gall. 4.546 L 1 L 0.220 UK Gall 1 L 1.7598 Pt. 1 Pt. 0.5680 L 1 Cub. Mt. 1.308 Cub. Yd. 1 Cub. Yd. 0.764 Cub. Mt. Conversions - volume0 1 Gram 0.0253 Oz 1 Ounce 28.3495 g 1 Cwt 50.8023 Kg 1 Kg 0.0197 Cwt 1 Kg 2.204 Lb 1 Lb 0.45408 Kg 1 Lb 0.071429 St 1 St 14 Lb 1 Tonne 0.9842 Tons 1 Ton 1.016 Tonnes Conversions - weight0 "Countries, Capitals and Currencies Arial Arial Days of the week AAFC Air Force Cross AFM Air force Medal AM Albert Medal CGM Conspicuous Gallantry Medal DFC Distinguished Flying Cross DFM Distinguished Flying Medal DSC Distinguished Service Cross DSM Distinguished Service Medal GC George Cross GM George Medal DCM Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field MC Military Cross MM Military Medal DSO Distinguished Service Order VC Victoria Cross &ADewey Decimal System for cataloguing Library books (major headings only) 000 Generalities 100 Philosophy and related 200 Religion 300 The social sciences 400 Language 500 Pure sciences 600 Technology (applied science) 700 The arts 800 Literature and rhetoric 900 General geography and history BThe BBC Series. (figures in brackets are number of episodes starred in) 1963-1966 William Hartnell. (134) 1966-1969 Patrick Troughton. (119) 1970-1974 Jon Pertwee. (128) 1974-1981 Tom Baker. (172) 1981-1984 Peter Davison. (69) 1984-1986 Colin Baker. (31) 1987-1989 Slyvester McCoy. (42) (1983) Richard Hurndall played The First Doctor in "The Five Doctors," due to death of William Hartnell. The US Pilot. 1997 Paul McGann The Films * Dr Who And The Daleks. * The Dalek Invasion of Eath 2150 ad. Both with Peter Cushing. Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial 1976 25 07 1988 83 1977 27 35 1989 91 1978 30 89 1990 100 1979 35 67 1991 108 1980 42 94 1992 114 1981 48 51 1993 118 1982 53 06 1994 123 1983 57.52 1995 127 1984 61 00 1996 132 1985 66 10 1997 138.13 1986 71 35 1998 1987 76 91 1999 Sketch wWu5t }UCUUU &Paint.app C1919 27,078 1940 32,361 1961 53,999 1982 89,544 1920 27,340 1941 36,537 1962 55,549 1983 90,152 1921 24,372 1942 40,106 1963 56,653 1984 94,408 1922 25,816 1943 42,434 1964 58,283 1985 97,387 1923 28,382 1944 41,864 1965 60,763 1986 99,344 1924 28,028 1945 40,374 1966 63,901 1987 101,958 1925 28,766 1946 41,652 1967 65,803 1988 105,209 1926 29,806 1947 43,857 1968 67,897 1989 107,884 1927 29,962 1948 44,866 1969 70,384 1990 109,403 1928 29,986 1949 43,754 1970 70,880 1991 108,249 1929 31,324 1950 45,197 1971 71,211 1992 108,601 1930 29,409 1951 47,819 1972 73,675 1993 110,713 1931 26,635 1952 48,793 1973 76,790 1994 114,163 1932 23,615 1953 50,202 1974 78,265 1995 117,191 1933 23,699 1954 48,990 1975 76,945 1996 119,523 1934 25,940 1955 50,641 1976 79,382 1997 122,257 1935 27,039 1956 52,369 1977 82,471 1998 125,833 1936 29,068 1957 52,855 1978 86,697 1937 31,011 1958 51,322 1979 89,823 1938 29,194 1959 53,270 1980 90,406 1939 30,603 1960 54,189 1981 91,152 BDirect Current I = Current in Amperes (Amps) V = Voltage (or Potential Difference) in Volts R = Resistance in Ohms W = Power in Watts I = V/R and V = IR and R = V/I W = I2R and W = V2/R and W = VI The above hold good for Alternating Current only if the load is purely resistive (rare). Resistances in Series: R = R1 + R2 Resistances in Parallel: 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 Gain or Loss Gain or Loss = 10 Log (Output Power/Input Power) = 10Log (P2/P1) = 20 Log (Output Current/Input Current) = 20 Log (I2/I1) = 20 Log (Output Voltage/ Input Voltage) = 20 Log (V2/V1) e.g. Power Ratios : 2 x = 3 dB approx. 4 x = 6 dB approx. 8 x = 9 dB approx. 10 x = 10 dB 100 x = 20 dB 1,000 x = 30 dB 1,000,000 x = 60 dB Arial @Quadratic roots f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c roots = (-b sqr(b^2-4ac)) / 2a Combinations nCr = n! / ( (n-r)! r! ) Derivatives sin x cos x cos x - sin x tan x sec^2 x Integrals x^a x^(a+1) / (a+1), a<>1 1/x ln |x| e^x e^x a^x a^x / (ln a) tan x ln |(sec x)| Simpson's rule b f(x) dx ~= 1/3 . h(y0 + 4y1 + y2) where, h = 1/2 . (b - a) Mensuration - triangle (sides a, b, c) A = 1/2 . b c sin A A = sqr( s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) ) where, 2s = a + b + c - circle (radius) P = 2 pi r A = pi r^2 - elipse (axes 2a, 2b) P ~= 2 pi sqr( (a^2+b^2) / 2 ) A = pi a b - cylinder (radius r, height h) A = 2 pi r (h + r) V = pi r^2 h - cone (radius r, slant height l) A(curved surface) = pi r l - cone/pyramid (base area A, height h) V = 1/3 . A h - sphere (radius r) A = 4 pi r^2 V = 4/3 . pi r^3 Trigonometry/Triangles sin (A/2) = sqr( (s-b)(s-c) / bc ) cos (A/2) = sqr( s(s-a) / bc ) - sine rule a/(sin A) = b/(sin B) = c/(sin C) = 2R - cosine rule a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc . cos A - circumcircle R = abc / 4 . (area of triangle) - inscribed circle r = /s Single variable statistics (number n, mean m) (E sigma, samp x) derivation, dx = x - m mean derivation = 1/n . E |dx| E dx^2 = E x^2 - ((E x)^2) / n variance = 1/n . E dx^2 standard deviation = sqr(var) Double variable statistics correlation coeff = E (dx dy)/sqr((E dx^2)(E dy^2)) linear regression, y=a+bx b = E (dx dy) / (E dx^2) a = (mean y) - b (mean x) Normal distribution (mean m, variance s^2) f(x) = 1/( s . sqr(2 pi) ) > exp( -(x-m)^2 / (2s^2) ) http://www.piecafe.demon.co.uk/ D1998 Hakkinen McLaren-Mercedes 1997 Villenueve Willians-Renault 1996 D Hill Williams-Renault 1995 Schumacher Benneton-Ford 1994 Schumacher Benneton-Ford 1993 Prost Williams-Renault 1992 Mansell Williams-Renault 1991 Senna McLaren-Honda 1990 Senna McLaren-Honda 1989 Prost McLaren-Honda 1988 Senna McLaren-Honda 1987 Piquet Williams-Honda 1986 Prost McLaren-Porsche 1985 Prost McLaren-Porsche 1984 Lauda McLaren-Porsche 1983 Piquet Brabham-BMW 1982 Rosberg Williams-Ford 1981 Piquet Brabham-Ford 1980 Jones Williams-Ford 1979 Scheckter Ferrari 1978 Andretti Lotus-Ford 1977 Lauda Ferrari 1976 Hunt McLaren-Ford 1975 Lauda Ferrari 1974 Fittipaldi Lotus-Ford 1973 Stewart Tyrell-Ford 1972 Fittipaldi Lotus-Ford 1971 Stewart Tyrell-Ford 1970 Rindt Lotus-Ford 1969 Stewart Matra-Ford 1968 G Hill Lotus-Ford 1967 Hulme Brabham-Repco 1966 Brabham Brabham-Repco 1965 Clark Lotus-Climax 1964 Surtees Ferrari 1963 Clark Lotus-Climax 1962 G Hill BRM 1961 P Hill Ferrari 1960 Brabham Cooper-Climax 1959 Brabham Cooper-Climax 1958 Hawthorn Ferrari 1957 Fangio Maserati 1956 Fangio Lancia & Ferrari 1955 Fangio Mercedes 1954 Fangio Mercedes & Maserati 1953 Ascari Ferrari 1952 Ascari Ferrari 1951 Fangio Alfa Romeo 1950 Farina Alfa Romeo Arial Arial BVend miaire wine harvest 22 Sep-21 Oct Brumaire fog Oct-Nov Frimaire sleet Nov-Dec se snowy Dec-Jan Pluvi se rainy Jan-Feb se windy Feb-Mar Germinal growing Mar-Apr al blossom Apr-May Prairial pasture May-Jun Messidor harvest Jun-Jul Thermidor heat Jul-Aug Fervidor more heat Aug-Sep Each month had 30 days, and there were five intercalary (between month) holidays called "Sansculottides", or six in a leap year. The calendar was devised by Gilbert Romme (1750-1795) and the months were named by the poet Fabre d'Eglantine (1755-1794). It was adopted on 5 October 1793 (bizarrely, it was applied retrospectively from 22 September 1792) and continued in force until 1 January 1806, when Napoleon restored the Gregorian calendar. BApple, apricot, avocado, banana, bilberry, blackberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, boysenberry, bramley, cherry, clementine, cranberry, crabapple, coconut, cox, currant, damson, date, dewberry, elderberry, gooseberry, granny smith, grape, grapefruit, greengage, guava, honeydew (melon), jaffa (orange), kiwifruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, loganberry, lychee, mandarin, mango, mangosteen, maracuya, mulberry, nectarine, oakapple, olive, orange, papaya, passionfruit, paw-paw, peach, pear, pimento, pineapple, pippin, plum, pomegranite, prickly pear, prune, quince, raisin, raspberry, redcurrant, satsuma, sloe, squash, starfruit, strawberry, sultana, tangerine, tomato, uglifruit, watermelon, yam Decorations and medals 4 Dewey Decimal system Doctor Who Distance = average velocity * time Velocity = initial velocity + acceleration * time Distance = initial velocity * time + 1/2 * acceleration * time2 Force = mass * acceleration Internal energy of a mass = mass * c2 (where c is the speed of light) Dynamics - useful equationsu7 Earnings (UK)0 Arial Arial Earnings (US Non-Farm Wages)A Arial Very large (XL): over 73g Large (L): 63 Medium (M): 53 Small (S): under 53g Old method: Size Weight 0 over 75g 1 70 2 65 3 60 4 55 5 50 6 45 7 under 45g Arial Arial Arial Arial Egg Sizes Electricity - useful equations (e.g. LapLink, Direct Cable Connection) Pin A-Side Pin B-Side 1 7 2 15 3 13 4 12 5 10 6 11 7 1 8 14 9 16 10 3 11 6 12 4 13 3 14 8 15 2 16 9 17 17 25 25 #EPP/ECP Parallel link Cable Pinouts0 Equations and formulae Antony & Cleopatra Abelard & Eloise Dante & Beatrice Daphnis & Chloe Dido & Aeneas Jason & Medea Paris & Helen Peleas & Melisande Pierrot & Columbine Pyramus & Thisbe Romeo & Juliet Samson & Delilah Solomon & Sheba Troilus & Cressida Venus & Adonis Famous lovers Achernar Altair Aldebaran Antares Arcturus Betelgeuse Canopus Capella Centaurus Deneb Fomalhaut Polaris Pollux Procyon Rigel Sirius Spica Famous Stars Formula 1 World Champions Famine Pestilence Death (The pale rider) Four horsemen of the Apocalypse Courier Courier French Revolutionary Calendar A Fruits Sketch &Paint.app DGreek Roman God/Goddess of Aphrodite Venus Goddess of beauty & love Apollo Apollo God of poetry music & prophecy Ares Mars God of war Artemis Diana Goddess of the moon Asclepius Aesculapius God of medical art Athene Minerva Goddess of wisdom Cronos Saturn God of agriculture demeter Ceres Goddess of agriculture Dionysus Bacchus God of wine & fertility Eos Aurora Goddess of dawn Eros Cupid God of love Hebe Juventas Goddess of youth Hecate Hecate Goddess of witchcraft Helios Sol God of the sun Hepthaestus Vulcan God of fire Hera Juno "Queen of heaven, goddess of women & marriage" Hermes Mercury Messenger of the gods Hestia Vesta Goddess of the hearth Hypnos Somnus God of sleep Nemesis Goddess of retribution Pan Faunus God of woods & fields Persephone Proserpine Goddess of the underworld Pluto Pluto God of the underworld Plutus God of wealth Poseidon Neptune God of the sea Rhea Cybele Goddess of nature Selene Luna Goddess of the moon Thanatos Mors god of death Zeus Jupiter supreme God;God of the sky & weather Charities (Daughters of Zeus) (3 Graces) Euphrosyne Grace Aglaia Beauty Thalia Charm Fates (3 Goddesses who determine man's destiny) Clotho Lachesis Atropos Causes of hangovers.. *ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) production is reduced (Water loss, dehydration) *Cogeners (Byproducts of fermentation) are formed, toxins *Headache is due to drying out effect on brain tissue & toxins in drink *Insulin production stimulated, reduced blood glucose = Drowsiness, Faintness, Trembling & Hunger *Tiredness is due to less restfull sleep & low blood sugar *Because bodys cells are dehydrated, acid-base metabolism is altered *Alcohol upsets bodys metabolism and causes rise in stomach & blood acidity *Nausea & indigestion is due to alcohol irritating stomach lining & increased acidity Remedies.. * Sleep as long as possible * Drink loads of water before bed or during the night * Dioralyte oral rehydration salts or antacid * Avoid caffeine, diuretic, will dehydrate you further & will upset stomach * Vigorous exercise before bed or the next day (Long drunken walk) * Have a Paracetamol before going to bed or during the night (less damaging to stomach than aspirin) * Prairie Oyster drink (Raw egg, Lemon Juice, Pepper & Worcester Sauce) * Don't have "Hair of the dog" the next morning * Roche Berrocca B-Vitamins the next morning * Fizzy drinks such as Alka Seltzer or Resolve * Brush teeth vigorously, also roof of mouth and scrape toungue * Take six Evening Primrose Oil capsules before drinking, or when you arrive home * Herb silymarin, boosts liver's capability of degrading alcohol Drinks renowned for Cogners (toxins causing hangovers) (from worst to least) Brandy Dark Rum Red Wine Sherries Vermouth Whisky White wine Lager Vodka The darker and sweeter the drink, the more likely it is to cause a hangover Sketch SUUu] &Paint.app FYEAR AUTHOR TITLE OF NOVEL 1953 Alfred Bester The Demolished Man 1954 No award 1955 Mark Clifton and Frank Riley They'd Rather Be Right 1956 Robert Heinlein Double Star 1957 No award 1958 Fritz Leiber The Big Time 1959 James Blish A Case of Conscience 1960 Robert Heinlein Starship Troopers 1961 Walter M. Miller, Jr. A Canticle for Leibowitz 1962 Robert Heinlein Stranger in a Strange Land 1963 Philip K. Dick The Man in the High Castle 1964 Clifford D. Simak Way Station 1965 Fritz Leiber The Wanderer 1966 Roger Zelazny " . And Call Me Conrad" & Frank Herbert Dune 1967 Robert Heinlein The Moon is a Harsh Mistress 1968 Roger Zelazny Lord of Light 1969 John Brunner Stand on Zanzibar 1970 Ursula K. Le Guin The Left Hand of Darkness 1971 Larry Niven Ringworld 1972 Philip Jos Farmer To Your Scattered Bodies Go 1973 Isaac Asimov The Gods Themselves 1974 Arthur C. Clarke Rendezvous with Rama 1975 Ursula K. Le Guin The Dispossessed 1976 Joe Haldeman The Forever War 1977 Kate Wilhelm Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang 1978 Frederik Pohl Gateway 1979 Vonda N. McIntyre Dreamsnake 1980 Arthur C. Clarke The Fountains of Paradise 1981 Joan D. Vinge The Snow Queen 1982 C. J. Cherryh Downbelow Station 1983 Isaac Asimov Foundation's Edge 1984 David Brin Startide Rising 1985 William Gibson Neuromancer 1986 Orson Scott Card Ender's Game 1987 Orson Scott Card Speaker for the Dead 1988 David Brin The Uplift War 1989 C. J. Cherryh Cyteen 1990 Dan Simmons Hyperion 1991 Lois McMaster Bujold The Vor Game 1992 Lois McMaster Bujold Barrayar 1993 Vernor Vinge A Fire Upon the Deep & Connie Willis Doomsday Book 1994 Kim Stanley Robinson Green Mars 1995 Lois McMaster Bujold Mirror Dance 1996 Neal Stephenson The Diamond Age X1590 Compound microscope Zacharias Janssen 1593 Water thermometer Galileo 1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey 1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal 1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1656 Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens 1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton 1671 Calculating machine Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull 1705 Steam engine Thomas Newcomen 1710 Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori 1714 Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley 1725 Stereotyping William Ged 1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin 1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison 1770 Automobile Nicholas Joseph Cugnot 1775 Submarine David Bushnell 1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison 1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin 1783 Balloon The Montgolfier brothers 1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle 1786 Steamboat John Fitch 1788 Flyball governor James Watt 1791 Gas turbine John Barber 1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner 1800 Electric battery Count Alessandro Volta 1804 Screw propeller John Stevens 1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve 1810 Printing Press Frederick Koenig 1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy 1816 Bicycle Karl D. Sauerbronn 1819 Stethoscope Ren ophile & Hyacinthe La 1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo & Cristoph Schweigger 1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday 1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1827 Friction match John Walker 1829 Typewriter W.A. Burt 1829 Braille printing Louis Braille 1830 Sewing machine Barth lemy Thimonnier 1831 Dynamo Michael Faraday 1835 Pistol Samuel Colt 1838 Morse code Samuel Finley Breese Morse 1839 Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear 1845 Pneumatic tire Robert William Thompson 1846 Ether Crawford Williamson Long 1849 Reinforced concrete F.J. Monier 1849 Safety pin Walter Hunt 1852 Elevator Elisha Graves Otis 1852 Gyroscope Jean Bernard L on Foucault 1855 Hypodermic syringe Alexander Wood 1855 Safety matches J.E. Lundstrom 1855 Gas burner Robert Wilhelm Bunsen 1858 Harvester Charles and William Marsh 1860 Gas engine tienne Lenoir 1861 Electric furnace Wilhelm Siemens 1861 Machine gun Richard Jordan Gatling 1861 Kinematoscope Coleman Sellers 1865 Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister 1866 Paper Benjamin Chew Tilghman 1866 Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel 1868 Dry cell Georges Leclanch 1868 Typewriter Carlos Glidden and Christopher Latham Sholes 1870 Celluloid John Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Hyatt 1876 Telephone Alexander Graham Bell 1877 4 cycle combustion engine Nikolaus August Otto 1877 Phonograph Thomas Alva Edison 1877 Microphone Emile Berliner 1877 Electric welding Elihu Thomson 1878 Cathode ray tube Sir William Crookes 1879 Cash register James J. Ritty 1879 Incandescent filament lamp Thomas Alva Edison and Sir Joseph Wilson Swan 1879 2 cycle Automobile engine Karl Benz 1884 Steam turbine C.A. Parsons 1884 Fountain pen Lewis Edson Waterman 1885 AC transformer William Stanley 1887 Air-inflated rubber tire J.B. Dunlop 1887 Gramophone Emile Berliner 1887 Gas mantle Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach 1888 Adding machine William Seward Burroughs 1888 Kodak camera George Eastman 1889 Steam turbine C.G. de Laval 1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal 1892 AC motor Nikola Tesla 1892 Three-color camera Frederick Eugene Ives 1892 Vacuum flask Sir James Dewar 1893 Photoelectric cell Julius Elster Hans F. Geitel 1893 Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel 1893 Gasoline automobile Charles Edgar Duryea and J. Frank Duryea 1893 Motion picture machine Thomas Alva Edison 1895 X-ray Wilhelm Konrad R ntgen 1896 Experimental airplane Samuel Pierpont Langley 1896 Wireless telegraph Marchese Guglielmo Marconi 1898 Sensitized photographic paper Leo Hendrik Baekeland 1900 Rigid dirigible airship Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin 1903 Airplane Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright 1903 Electrocardiograph Willem Einthoven 1905 Diode rectifier tube Sir John Ambrose Fleming 1906 Gyrocompass Hermann Ansch 1907 Triode amplifier tube Lee De Forest 1910 Gyroscopic compass Elmer Ambrose Sperry 1911 Vitamins Casimir Funk 1911 Cellophane Jacques Edwin Brandenberger 1911 Neon lamp Georges Claude 1913 Ramjet engine Ren Lorin 1913 Heterodyne radio receiver Reginald Aubrey Fessenden 1915 Automobile self-starter Charles Franklin Kettering 1916 Browning gun John Moses Browning 1916 Gas-filled incandescent lamp Irving Langmuir 1916 X-ray tube William David Coolidge 1922 Insulin Sir Frederick Grant Banting 1925 Quick-frozen food Clarence Birdseye 1926 Liquid-fuel rocket Robert Hutchings Goddard 1928 Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming 1930 Nylon Wallace Hume Carothers 1930 Modern gas-turbine engine Sir Frank Whittle 1931 Cyclotron Ernest Orlando Lawrence 1932 Van de Graaff generator Robert Jemison Van de Graaff 1935 Radar Sir Robert Watson-Watt 1935 Electron microscope German scientists 1936 Twin-rotor helicopter Heinrich Focke 1937 Nylon Wallace Hume Carothers 1939 DDT Paul M 1939 Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1941 Turbojet aircraft engine Sir Frank Whittle 1942 Guided missile Wernher von Braun 1942 Nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi 1945 Atomic bomb U.S. government scientists 1946 Electronic digital computer John Presper Eckert, Jr., and John W. Mauchly 1947 Holography Dennis Gabon 1947 Microwave oven Percy L. Spencer 1948 Transistor John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Shockley 1949 Ramjet airplane Ren Leduc 1950 Color television Peter Carl Goldmark 1952 Hydrogen bomb U.S. government scientists 1952 Bubble chamber Donald Arthur Glaser American 1954 Solar battery Bell Telephone Laboratory scientists 1955 Carbon dating W.F. Libby 1956 Hovercraft Christopher Cockerell 1956 First prototype rotary engine Felix Wankel 1956 Videotape Charles Ginsberg & Ray Dolby 1959 Integrated circuit Jack Kilby Robert Noyce 1960 Laser Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, and Gordon Gould 1962 Light-emitting diode Nick Holonyak, Jr. 1964 Liquid-crystal display George Heilmeier 1971 Microprocessor Ted Hoff 1972 Electronic pocket calculator J.S. Kilby and J.D. Merryman 1975 Fibreoptics Bell Laboratories 1976 Supercomputer J.H. Van Tassel and Seymour Cray (sent in by E Nieman) BIn children at least, IQ = Mental age / Chronological age 100 Average for population 120 Grammar school level 136 Top 6% of population 140 Top 4% of population 148 Top 2% of population 150 Genius level 155 Top 1% of population Breast fed babies have IQ's on average 8 points higher than non-breastfead babies *Breastfeeding may also reduce likelyhood of Insulin Dependent Diabetes (Possibly caused by early exposure to cow milk or dairy ingredients which trigger immune response to kill Insulin producing cells) David Niven : 1966 Casino Royale (also featuring Woody Allen) Sean Connery : 1962 Dr No 1963 From Russia With Love 1964 Goldfinger 1965 Thunderball 1967 You Only Live Twice 1971 Diamonds Are Forever 1983 Never Say Never Again George Lazenby : 1969 On Her Majesty's Secret Service Roger Moore : 1973 Live and Let Die 1974 The Man With The Golden Gun 1977 The Spy Who Loved Me 1979 Moonraker 1981 For Your Eyes Only 1983 Octopussy 1985 A View To A Kill Timothy Dalton 1987 The Living Daylights 1989 Licence To Kill Pierce Brosnan 1995 Goldeneye 1997 Tomorrow Never Dies Sketch &Paint.app 9AGreenland 840000 sq miles New Guinea 304980 Borneo 289961 Madagascar 226657 Baffin Is (Canada) 195926 Sumatra 163011 Honshu (Japan) 88839 Great Britain 84186 Victoria Is (Canada) 83896 Ellesmere Is (Canada) 75767 NB. Australia (2941517) is normally regarded as a continental land mass. AA.D. - Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord ad lib - ad libitum, as much as you like a.m. - ante meridien, before noon contra - against D.V. - Deo volente, God willing e.g. - exempli gratia, for example etc. - et cetera, and the rest id. - idem, the same i.e. - id est, that is N.B. - nota bene, mark well p.a. - per annum, for each year p.m. - post meridiem, afternoon viz. - videlicet, namely Q. Is Year 2000 a leap year? A. Year 2000 will be a leap year. Century years, such as 1900 & 2000, are leap years if they are evenly divisible by 400. The basic rules for calculating leap years are: 1) Years divisible by 4 are leap years, but 2) Years divisible by 100 are not leap years, but 3) Years divisible by 400 are leap years. The need for leap years is due to the fact that the actual length of a year is 365.242 days, not 365, as is commonly stated. To account for this, an extra day is added as February 29th on years that are evenly divisible by 4 (eg. 1992). Since the year is slightly less than 365.25 days long, adding an extra day every 4 years results in about 3 extra days being added over a 400-year period. For this reason, 1 out of every 4 century years also needs to be a leap year. AAirforce Army Navy Marshal of RAF Field Marshal Admiral of the Fleet Air chief marshal General Admiral Air marshal Lt. General Vice-admiral Air vice marshal Major general Rear admiral Air commodore Brigadier Commodore Group captain Colonel Captain Wing Comm. Lt. colonel Commander Squadron leader Major Lt. commander Flight lieutenant Captain Lieutenant Flying officer Lieutenant Sub lieutenant Pilot officer 2nd Lt. Acting sub Lt. --- S - T - M -- V O --- X - Q -- - Z -- ---- 6 - --- 7 -- -- 8 --- - 9 ---- 0 ----- period .-.-.- comma --..-- colon ---... query ..--.. apostrophe .----. hyphen -....- fraction bar -..-. parentheses -.--.- quotation marks .-..-. gAMountain Region Mt Everest Nepal 8848 K2 Kashmir 8611 Kangchenjunga Nepal 8600 Makalu Nepal 8481 Dhaulagiri Nepal 8172 Nanga Parbat Kashmir 8126 Annapurna Nepal 8078 Gasherbrum Kashmir 8068 Gosainthan Tibet 8013 Nanda Devi India 7819 Rakaposhi Kashmir 7780 Kamet India/Tibet 7756 Namcha Barwa Tibet 7756 Gurla Mandhata Tibet 7728 8T$D2 Greek alphabet0 Greek and Roman Gods/Goddesses Hangovers (causes and remedies) Catherine of Aragon (divorced) Anne Boleyn (executed) Jane Seymour (died) Anne of Cleves (divorced) Catherine Howard (executed) Catherine Parr (survived) Henry VIII's wives G Hugo Award winners Inventions and Inventors J IQ notes James Bond Films M Largest Islands9N Latin abbreviations0 Leap years & leap centuries 1. Eat, drink, sex 2. Safety, protection, security 3. Affection, involvement 4. Demanding love 5. Respect, recognition, self respect 6. knowledge, order, understanding 7. self actualisation, max personal development Maslow list of human needs Military Ranks (UK) 1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Orthoclase 7 Vitreous silica 8 Quartz or Stellite 9 Topaz 10 Garnet 11 Fused Zirconia 12 Fused Alumina 13 Silicon Carbide 14 Boron Carbide 15 Diamond Mohs hardness scale (modified)}Q Morse Code0 MountainsLQA Cappella Unaccompanied vocal piece. A tempo Resume normal speed. Accelerando ( Accel.) gradually faster Ad libitum (Ad lib.) At pleasure (style and speed at performers discretion) Adagietto Fairly slow Adagio Slow Adagissimo Very slow Alla Breve Two minims in a bar Allargando Getting slower (more majestic) Allegretto Fairly lively and fast Allegro Fast, lively Andante Moderate (walking) pace Animato Animated Appassionata/o Passionately Arpeggio Like a harp. Broken Chord. Bis Twice Brio Vigour Cadenza A passage usually towards end of a solo piece, where soloist plays alone in a skilled way. Calando Decreasing speed and tone Canon Piece of music where one voice repeats the part of another, throughout the whole piece. Cantabile, Cantando Singing style Capo The beginning Capriccio, Caprice A light, free piece of music Coda A passage at the end of a movemnt (tail) Codetta Little coda Con Anima with feeling Con moto With movement Crescendo, Cresc. Gradually louder Da capo, D.C. From the beginning Decrescendo, Decresc. Becoming gradually softer Diminuendo, Dim. Becoming gradually softer Dolce Sweetly, tenderly Dolcissimo, Dolciss. Very sweetly and gently Dolente Sadly Doppio movimento Twice as fast Duet Piece for two players Energico With energy Espressivo, Espr., Espress. With expression Finale The last movement Fine The end Forte, f Loud Fortissimo, ff, fff Very Loud Forzando, fz Forcingly, sudden emphasis or accent Fuga A fugue Fugato In fugal style Fugue A piece of music of contrapuntal style, based on a theme, with more than one voice. Furioso Furiously General pause, Grand pause, G.P. Everyoe to remain silent (pause) Glissando Rapid scale passage produced by sliding over keys or strings e.g. piano, harp, violin, trombone Grandioso Grandly Grave Very slow and solemn Grazioso Gracefully Impetuoso Impetuously Incalzando Increasing speed and tone L'istesso Tempo Keep same speed Lacrimoso Sadly, tearfully Lamentoso Mournfully Larghetto Slightly faster than largo Largo Slow and stately Legatissimo As smooth as you can Legato Smooth Leggiero Light and delicate Lento Slow Loco Back to playing notes at their normal pitch. Lontano As from a distance Lunga pausa Long pause Lusingando Coaxing Ma non troppo But not too much Maestoso Majestically Main droite, Mano destra, M.D. Right hand Main gauche, mano sinistra, M.G. , M.S. Left hand Mancando Dying away Marcia March Martellato Hammered out Marziale Martial Mesto Sadly Mezza voce Mezzo forte, mf Moderately loud Mezzo Piano, mp Moderately quiet Moderato Moderate time Morendo Gradually dying away Moto, Movimento Movement Muta Change Non troppo Not too much Obbligato Obligatory, musn't be omitted Ostinato Persistently repeated Ottava bassa Octave lower Parlando, Parlante Sung in a talking fashion Passionato Passionately Patetico With feeling (pathos) Pausa A Rest / break Perdendosi Dying away Piacevole agreeable Piangevole Plaintively Pianissimo, pp, ppp Very soft Pizzicato, pizz. Plucked (Stringed instruments) Pochissimo As small as possible Portamento Smooth glide from note to note Prestissimo As fast as possible Presto Very fast Primo volta First time Quasi recitativo Like a recital Rallentando, rall. Getting slower gradually Repetizone, replica Repeat Rigoroso Strictly, rigerous Risoluto Bold Risvegliato more animation Ritardando, ritard Gradually slower Ritenuto, rit. Hold back Rubato, Tempo rubato Robbed, note length varied or stolen from later in phrase Scherzando Playful Segue Carry on Sempre Always Senza misura In free time Senza sordini Without mute Sforzando, sforzato, sf, sfz Accented (forced) Slargando, slentando gradually slower Smorzando Dying away Soave smooth Solenne Solemn Sonata A collection of (usually four) instrumental movements Sordini Mute Sospirando Sighingly Sostenuto Sustained Spiritoso Spirited Staccatissimo Very detached Staccato, stacc. Detached Stringendo Gradually faster Suave Gentle, smooth Sul Ponticello Play near the bridge (Violin) Tacet Silent Tempo comodo At a convenient speed Tempo giusto Strict time Tempo primo, Tempo I Back to original speed Teneramente Tenderly Tosto Rapid Tranquillo Calm Tremolando, tremolo, trem. Very rapid repitition of one or two notes Tutta forza Full power, as loud as possible Unis. Play in unison again Veloce Quick Vibrato Vibrating Vigoroso Bold Vite, vivace, vivement, vivo Quick and lively Voce Voice Volti subito, V.S. Turn page quickly UAI - Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless impressed forces act on it II - The change of momentum per unit time is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction of the straight line along which the force acts. III - Action and Reaction are always equal and opposite. HN1901 Dunant, Jean Henri (Switz.) Passy, Fr ric (Fr.) 1902 Ducommun, Elie (Switz.) Gobat, Charles A. (Switz.) 1903 Cremer, Sir William R. (G.B.) 1904 Institute of International Law 1905 Suttner, Bertha von (Aust.) 1906 Roosevelt, Theodore (U.S.) 1907 Moneta, Ernesto T. (It.) Renault, Louis (Fr.) 1908 Arnoldson, Klas P. (Sw.) Bajer, Fredrik (Den.) 1909 Beernaert, Auguste M. (Belg.) Estournelles de Constant, Baron d' (Fr.) 1910 International Peace Bureau 1911 Asser, Tobias M.C. (Neth.) Fried, Alfred H. (Aust.) 1912 Root, Elihu (U.S.) 1913 Lafontaine, Henri (Belg.) 1914 Not awarded 1915 Not awarded 1916 Not awarded 1917 International Committee of the Red Cross 1919 Wilson, Woodrow (U.S.) 1920 Bourgeois, L on V.A. (Fr.) 1921 Branting, Karl H. (Sw.) Lange, Christian L. (Nor.) 1922 Nansen, Fridtjof (Nor.) 1923 Not awarded 1924 Not awarded 1925 Dawes, Charles G. (U.S.) Chamberlain, Sir (Joseph) Austen (G.B.) 1926 Briand, Aristide (Fr.) Stresemann, Gustav (Ger.) 1927 Buisson, Ferdinand (Fr.) Quidde, Ludwig (Ger.) 1928 Not awarded 1929 Kellogg, Frank B. (U.S.) 1930 S derblom, Nathan (U.S.) 1931 Addams, Jane (U.S.) Butler, Nicholas M. (U.S.) 1932 Not awarded 1933 Angell, Sir Norman (G.B.) 1934 Henderson, Arthur (G.B.) 1935 Ossietzky, Carl von (Ger.) 1936 Saavedra Lamas, Carlos (Arg.) 1937 Cecil, Edgar Algernon Robert (G.B.) 1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees 1939 Not awarded 1940 Not awarded 1941 Not awarded 1942 Not awarded 1943 Not awarded 1944 International Committee of the Red Cross 1945 Hull, Cordell (U.S.) 1946 Balch, Emily G. (U.S.) Mott, John R. (U.S.) 1947 Friends Service Council (G.B.) American Friends Service Committee (U.S.) 1948 Not awarded 1949 Boyd Orr, John (G.B.) 1950 Bunche, Ralph J. (U.S.) 1951 Jouhaux, L on (Fr.) 1952 Schweitzer, Albert (Fr.) 1953 Marshall, George C. (U.S.) 1954 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1955 Not awarded 1956 Not awarded 1957 Pearson, Lester B. (Can.) 1958 Pire, Dominique G. (Belg.) 1959 Noel-Baker, Philip J. (G.B.) 1960 Luthuli, Albert J. (S. Afr.) 1961 Hammarskj ld, Dag (Denmark) 1962 Pauling, Linus C. (U.S.) 1963 International Committee of the Red Cross League of Red Cross Societies 1964 King, Martin Luther, Jr. (U.S.) 1965 United Nations Children's Fund 1966 Not awarded 1967 Not awarded 1968 Cassin, Ren (Fr.) 1969 International Labor Organization 1970 Borlaug, Norman E. (U.S.) 1971 Brandt, Willy (W. Ger.) 1972 Not awarded 1973 Kissinger, Henry A. (U.S.) Tho, Le Duc* (N. Vietnam) 1974 Sato, Eisaku (Japan) Sean MacBride, (Ire.) 1975 Sakharov, Andrey (USSR) 1976 Corrigan, Mairead (N. Ire.) Williams, Betty (N. Ire.) 1977 Amnesty International 1978 Sadat, Anwar al- (Egypt) Begin, Menachem (Israel) 1979 Mother Teresa of Calcutta (India) 1980 P rez Esquivel, Adolfo (Arg.) 1981 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1982 Myrdal, Alva (Sw.) Garcia Robles, Alfonso (Mex.) 1983 Walesa, Lech (Pol.) 1984 Tutu, Desmond (S. Afr.) 1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (USSR, U.S.) 1986 Wiesel, Elie (U.S.) 1987 Arias Sanchez, Oscar (Costa Rica) 1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 1989 Dalai Lama (Tibet) 1990 Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich (USSR) 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma) 1992 Mench , Rigoberta (Guatemala) 1993 de Klerk, F.W. (S. Afr.) Mandela, Nelson (S. Afr.) 1994 Arafat, Yasir (Pal.) Peres, Shimon (Israel) Rabin, Yitzhak (Israel) 1995 Rotblat, Joseph (Pol.-G.B.) and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 1996 Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes (East Timor) Ramos-Horta, Jose (East Timor) A1896 Athens 1964 Tokyo 1900 Paris 1968 Mexico 1904 St Louis 1972 Munich 1908 London 1976 Montreal 1912 Stockholm 1980 Moscow 1920 Antwerp 1984 Los Angeles 1924 Paris 1988 Seoul 1928 Amsterdam 1992 Barcelona 1932 Los Angeles 1996 Atlanta 1936 Berlin 2000 Sydney 1948 London 2004 Athens 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne/Stockholm (Equestrian) 1960 Rome Not held: 1916, 1940 London, 1944 Tokyo FA1924 Chamonix 1976 Innsbruck 1928 St Moritz 1980 Lake Placid 1932 Lake Placid 1984 Sarajevo 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1988 Calgary 1948 St Moritz 1992 Albertville 1952 Oslo 1994 Lillehammer 1956 Cortina d Ampezzo 1998 Nagano 1960 Squaw Valley 2002 Salt Lake City 1964 Innsbruck 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo @BEST PICTURE 1997 TITANIC - James Cameron 1996 THE ENGLISH PATIENT - Saul Zaentz 1995 BRAVEHEART - Mel Gibson 1994 FORREST GUMP - Robert Zemeckis 1993 SCHINDLER'S LIST - Steven Spielberg 1992 UNFORGIVEN - Clint Eastwood 1991 THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS - Jonathan Demme 1990 DANCES WITH WOLVES - Kevin Costner 1989 DRIVING MISS DAISY - Bruce Beresford 1988 RAIN MAN - Barry Levionson 1987 THE LAST EMPEROR - Bernardo Bertolucci 1986 PLATOON - Oliver Stone 1985 OUT OF AFRICA - Sydney Pollack 1984 AMADEUS - Milos Forman 1983 TERMS OF ENDEARMENT - James L. Brooks 1982 GANDHI - Richard Attenborough 1981 CHARIOTS OF FIRE - Hugh Hudson 1980 ORDINARY PEOPLE - Robert Redford 1979 KRAMER VS. KRAMER - Robert Benton II 1978 THE DEER HUNTER - Michael Cimino 1977 ANNIE HALL - Woodie Allen 1976 ROCKY - John G. Avidsen 1975 ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST - Milos Forman 1974 THE GODFATHER PART II - Francis Ford Coppola 1973 THE STING - George Roy Hill 1972 THE GODFATHER - Francis Ford Coppola 1971 THE FRENCH CONNECTION - William Friedkin 1970 PATTON - Franklin J. Schaffner 1969 MIDNIGHT COWBOY - John Schlesinger 1968 OLIVER! - Carol Reed 1967 IN THE HEAT OF THE NIGHT - Norman Jewison 1966 A MAN FOR ALL SEASONS - Fred Zinnemann 1965 THE SOUND OF MUSIC - Robert Wise 1964 MY FAIR LADY - George Cukor 1963 TOM JONES - Tony Richardson 1962 LAWRENCE OF ARABIA - David Lean 1961 WEST SIDE STORY - Jerome Robbins, Robert Wise 1960 THE APARTMENT - Billy Wilder 1959 BEN-HUR - William Wyler 1958 GIGI - Vincente Minnelli 1957 THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI - David Lean 1956 AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS - Michael Anderson, Kevin McClory 1955 MARTY - Delbert Mann 1954 ON THE WATERFRONT - Elia Kazan 1953 FROM HERE TO ETERNITY - Fred Zimmerman 1952 THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH - Cecil B. DeMille 1951 AN AMERICAN IN PARIS - Vincente Minnelli 1950 ALL ABOUT EVE - Joseph Mankiewicz 1949 ALL THE KING'S MEN - Robert Rossen 1948 HAMLET (1948) - Laurence Olivier 1947 GENTLEMAN'S AGREEMENT - Elia Kazan 1946 THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES - William Wyler 1945 THE LOST WEEKEND - Billy Wilder 1944 GOING MY WAY - Leo McCarey 1943 CASABLANCA - Warner Bros. 1942 MRS. MINIVER - Michael Curtiz 1941 HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY - John Ford 1940 REBECCA - Alfred Hitchcock 1939 GONE WITH THE WIND - Victor Fleming, George Cukor, Sam Wood 1938 YOU CAN'T TAKE IT WITH YOU - Frank Capra 1937 THE LIFE OF EMILE ZOLA - William D ieterie 1936 THE GREAT ZIEGFELD - Robert Z. Leonard 1935 MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY (1935) - Lewis Milestone 1934 IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT - Frank Capra 1933 CAVALCADE - Frank Lloyd 1932 GRAND HOTEL - Edmund Goulding 1931 CIMARRON (1930/31) - Wesley Ruggles 1930 ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT - Lewis Milestone 1929 THE BROADWAY MELODY - Harry Beaumont 1928 WINGS - William Wellman Best Director 1997 James Cameron - TITANIC 1996 Anthony Minghella - THE ENGLISH PATIENT 1995 Mel Gibson - BRAVEHEART 1994 Robert Zemeckis - FORREST GUMP 1993 Steven Spielberg - SCHINDLER'S LIST 1992 Clint Eastwood - UNFORGIVEN 1991 Jonathan Demme - THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS 1990 Kevin Costner - DANCES WITH WOLVES 1989 Oliver Stone - BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY 1988 Barry Levinson - RAIN MAN 1987 Bernardo Bertolucci - THE LAST EMPEROR 1986 Oliver Stone - PLATOON 1985 Sydney Pollack - OUT OF AFRICA 1984 Milos Forman - AMADEUS 1983 James L. Brooks - TERMS OF ENDEARMENT 1982 Richard Attenborough - GANDHI 1981 Warren Beatty - REDS 1980 Robert Redford - ORDINARY PEOPLE 1979 Robert Benton 2 - KRAMER VS. KRAMER 1978 Michael Cimino - THE DEER HUNTER 1977 Woody Allen - ANNIE HALL 1976 John G. Avildsen - ROCKY 1975 Milos Forman - ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST 1974 Francis Ford Coppola - THE GODFATHER PART II 1973 George Roy Hill - THE STING 1972 Bob Fosse - CABARET 1971 William Friedkin - THE FRENCH CONNECTION 1970 Franklin J. Schaffner - PATTON 1969 John Schlesinger - MIDNIGHT COWBOY 1968 Carol Reed - OLIVER! 1967 Mike Nichols - THE GRADUATE 1966 Fred Zinnemann - A MAN FOR ALL SEASONS 1965 Robert Wise - THE SOUND OF MUSIC 1964 George Cukor - MY FAIR LADY 1963 Tony Richardson - TOM JONES 1962 David Lean - LAWRENCE OF ARABIA 1961 Jerome Robbins - WEST SIDE STORY Robert Wise - WEST SIDE STORY 1960 Billy Wilder - THE APARTMENT 1959 William Wyler - BEN-HUR 1958 Vincente Minnelli - GIGI 1957 David Lean - THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI 1956 George Stevens - GIANT 1955 Delbert Mann - MARTY 1954 Elia Kazan - ON THE WATERFRONT 1953 Fred Zinnemann - FROM HERE TO ETERNITY 1952 John Ford - THE QUIET MAN 1951 George Stevens - A PLACE IN THE SUN 1950 Joseph L. Mankiewicz - ALL ABOUT EVE 1949 Joseph L. Mankiewicz - A LETTER TO THREE WIVES 1948 John Huston - THE TREASURE OF THE SIERRA MADRE 1947 Elia Kazan - GENTLEMAN'S AGREEMENT 1946 William Wyler - THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES 1945 Billy Wilder - THE LOST WEEKEND 1944 Leo McCarey - GOING MY WAY 1943 Michael Curtiz - CASABLANCA 1942 William Wyler - MRS. MINIVER 1941 John Ford - HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY 1940 John Ford - THE GRAPES OF WRATH 1939 Victor Fleming - GONE WITH THE WIND 1938 Frank Capra - YOU CAN'T TAKE IT WITH YOU 1937 Leo McCarey - THE AWFUL TRUTH 1936 Frank Capra - MR. DEEDS GOES TO TOWN 1935 John Ford - THE INFORMER 1934 Frank Capra - IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT 1933 Frank Lloyd - CAVALCADE 1932 Frank Borzage - BAD GIRL 1931 Norman Taurog - SKIPPY 1920 Lewis Milestone - ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT 1929 Frank Lloyd - THE DIVINE LADY 1928 Lewis Milestone - TWO ARABIAN KNIGHTS Frank Borzage - 7TH HEAVEN Best Actor 1997 Jack Nicholson - AS GOOD AS IT GETS 1996 Geoffrey Rush - SHINE 1995 Nicolas Cage - LEAVING LAS VEGAS 1994 Tom Hanks - FORREST GUMP 1993 Tom Hanks - PHILADELPHIA 1992 Al Pacino - SCENT OF A WOMAN 1991 Anthony Hopkins - THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS 1990 Jeremy Irons - REVERSAL OF FORTUNE 1989 Daniel Day-Lewis - MY LEFT FOOT 1988 Dustin Hoffman - RAIN MAN 1987 Michael Douglas - WALL STREET 1986 Paul Newman - THE COLOR OF MONEY 1985 William Hurt - KISS OF THE SPIDER WOMAN 1984 F. Murray Abraham - AMADEUS 1983 Robert Duvall - TENDER MERCIES 1982 Ben Kingsley - GANDHI 1981 Henry Fonda - ON GOLDEN POND 1980 Robert De Niro - RAGING BULL 1979 Dustin Hoffman - KRAMER VS. KRAMER 1978 Jon Voight - COMING HOME 1977 Richard Dreyfuss - THE GOODBYE GIRL 1976 Peter Finch - NETWORK 1975 Jack Nicholson - ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST 1974 Art Carney - HARRY AND TONTO 1973 Jack Lemmon - SAVE THE TIGER 1972 Marlon Brando - THE GODFATHER 1971 Gene Hackman - THE FRENCH CONNECTION 1970 George C. Scott - PATTON 1969 John Wayne - TRUE GRIT 1968 Cliff Robertson - CHARLY 1967 Rod Steiger - IN THE HEAT OF THE NIGHT 1966 Paul Scofield - A MAN FOR ALL SEASONS 1965 Lee Marvin - CAT BALLOU 1964 Rex Harrison - MY FAIR LADY 1963 Sidney Poitier - LILIES OF THE FIELD 1962 Gregory Peck - TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD 1961 Maximilian Schell - JUDGMENT AT NUREMBERG 1960 Burt Lancaster - ELMER GANTRY 1959 Charlton Heston - BEN-HUR 1958 David Niven - SEPARATE TABLES 1957 Alec Guinness - THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI 1956 Yul Brynner - THE KING AND I 1955 Ernest Borgnine - MARTY 1954 Marlon Brando - ON THE WATERFRONT 1953 William Holden - STALAG 17 1952 Gary Cooper - HIGH NOON 1951 Humphrey Bogart - THE AFRICAN QUEEN 1950 Jose Ferrer - CYRANO DE BERGERAC 1949 Broderick Crawford - ALL THE KING'S MEN 1948 Laurence Olivier - HAMLET 1947 Ronald Colman - A DOUBLE LIFE 1946 Fredric March - THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES 1945 Ray Milland - THE LOST WEEKEND 1944 Bing Crosby - GOING MY WAY 1943 Paul Lukas - WATCH ON THE RHINE 1942 James Cagney - YANKEE DOODLE DANDY 1941 Gary Cooper - SERGEANT YORK 1940 James Stewart - THE PHILADELPHIA STORY 1939 Robert Donat - GOODBYE, MR. CHIPS 1938 Spencer Tracy - BOYS TOWN 1937 Spencer Tracy - CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS 1936 Paul Muni - THE STORY OF LOUIS PASTEUR 1935 Victor McLaglen - THE INFORMER 1934 Clark Gable - IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT 1933 Charles Laughton - THE PRIVATE LIFE OF HENRY VIII 1932 Wallace Beery - THE CHAMP Fredric March - DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE 1931 Lionel Barrymore - A FREE SOUL 1930 George Arliss - DISRAELI 1929 Warner Baxter - IN OLD ARIZONA 1928 Emil Jannings - THE LAST COMMAND Emil Jannings - THE WAY OF ALL FLESH Best Actress 1997 Helen Hunt - AS GOOD AS IT GETS 1996 Frances McDormand - FARGO 1995 Susan Sarandon - DEAD MAN WALKING 1994 Jessica Lange - BLUE SKY 1993 Holly Hunter - THE PIANO 1992 Emma Thompson - HOWARDS END 1991 Jodie Foster - THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS 1990 Kathy Bates - MISERY 1989 Jessica Tandy - DRIVING MISS DAISY 1988 Jodie Foster - THE ACCUSED 1987 Cher - MOONSTRUCK 1986 Marlee Matlin - CHILDREN OF A LESSER GOD 1985 Geraldine Page - THE TRIP TO BOUNTIFUL 1984 Sally Field - PLACES IN THE HEART 1983 Shirley MacLaine - TERMS OF ENDEARMENT 1982 Meryl Streep - SOPHIE'S CHOICE 1981 Katharine Hepburn - ON GOLDEN POND 1980 Sissy Spacek - COAL MINER'S DAUGHTER 1979 Sally Field - NORMA RAE 1978 Jane Fonda - COMING HOME 1977 Diane Keaton - ANNIE HALL 1976 Faye Dunaway - NETWORK 1975 Louise Fletcher - ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST 1974 Ellen Burstyn - ALICE DOESN'T LIVE HERE ANYMORE 1973 Glenda Jackson - A TOUCH OF CLASS 1972 Liza Minnelli - CABARET 1971 Jane Fonda - KLUTE 1970 Glenda Jackson - WOMEN IN LOVE 1969 Maggie Smith - THE PRIME OF MISS JEAN BRODIE 1968 Katharine Hepburn - THE LION IN WINTER Barbra Streisand - FUNNY GIRL 1967 Katharine Hepburn - GUESS WHO'S COMING TO DINNER 1966 Elizabeth Taylor - WHO'S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF? 1965 Julie Christie - DARLING 1964 Julie Andrews - MARY POPPINS 1963 Patricia Neal - HUD 1962 Anne Bancroft - THE MIRACLE WORKER 1961 Sophia Loren - TWO WOMEN 1960 Elizabeth Taylor - BUTTERFIELD 8 1959 Simone Signoret - ROOM AT THE TOP 1958 Susan Hayward - I WANT TO LIVE! 1957 Joanne Woodward - THE THREE FACES OF EVE 1956 Ingrid Bergman - ANASTASIA 1955 Anna Magnani - THE ROSE TATTOO 1954 Grace Kelly - THE COUNTRY GIRL 1953 Audrey Hepburn - ROMAN HOLIDAY 1952 Shirley Booth - COME BACK, LITTLE SHEBA 1951 Vivien Leigh - A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE 1950 Judy Holliday - BORN YESTERDAY 1949 Olivia de Havilland - THE HEIRESS 1948 Jane Wyman - JOHNNY BELINDA 1947 Loretta Young - THE FARMER'S DAUGHTER 1946 Olivia de Havilland - TO EACH HIS OWN 1945 Joan Crawford - MILDRED PIERCE 1944 Ingrid Bergman - GASLIGHT 1943 Jennifer Jones - THE SONG OF BERNADETTE 1942 Greer Garson - MRS. MINIVER 1941 Joan Fontaine - SUSPICION 1940 Ginger Rogers - KITTY FOYLE 1939 Vivien Leigh - GONE WITH THE WIND 1938 Bette Davis - JEZEBEL 1937 Luise Rainer - THE GOOD EARTH 1936 Luise Rainer - THE GREAT ZIEGFELD 1935 Bette Davis - DANGEROUS 1934 Claudette Colbert - IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT 1933 Katharine Hepburn - MORNING GLORY 1932 Helen Hayes - THE SIN OF MADELON CLAUDET 1931 Marie Dressler - MIN AND BILL 1930 Norma Shearer - THE DIVORCEE 1929 Mary Pickford - COQUETTE 1928 Janet Gaynor - 7TH HEAVEN Janet Gaynor - STREET ANGEL Janet Gaynor - SUNRISE YD mm inches International Standard A0 841 1189 33 A1 594 841 23 A2 841 1189 33 A3 297 420 11 A4 210 297 8 A5 148 210 5 A6 105 148 4 A7 74 105 2 A8 52 74 2 B0 1000 1414 39 B1 707 1000 27 B2 500 707 19 B3 353 500 13 B4 250 353 9 B5 176 250 6 C0 917 1297 36 C1 648 917 25 C2 458 648 18 C3 324 458 12 C4 229 324 9 C5 162 229 6 DL 110 220 4 North American Ledger 431 Legal 215 Letter 215 Executive 184 English (No Longer Used) Quarto 254 203 10 Foolscap 343 432 13 Crown 381 508 15 Large post 419 533 16 Demy 445 572 17 Medium 457 584 18 Royal 508 635 20 Elephant 508 686 20 Imperial 559 762 22 Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Times New Roman LAtomic no. Name Symbol Relative mass 1 Hydrogen H 1.00794 2 Helium He 4.0026 3 Lithium Li 6.941 4 Beryllium Be 9.01218 5 Boron B 10.81 6 Carbon C 12.011 7 Nitrogen N 14.0067 8 Oxygen O 15.9994 9 Fluorine F 18.9984 10 Neon Ne 20.179 11 Sodium Na 22.98977 12 Magnesium Mg 24.305 13 Aluminium Al 26.98154 14 Silicon Si 28.086 15 Phosphorus P 30.97376 16 Sulphur S 32.06 17 Chlorine Cl 35.453 18 Argon Ar 39.948 19 Potassium K 39.098 20 Calcium Ca 40.06 21 Scandium Sc 44.9559 22 Titanium Ti 47.9 23 Vanadium V 50.9414 24 Chromium Cr 51.996 25 Manganese Mn 54.938 26 Iron Fe 55.847 27 Cobalt Co 58.9332 28 Nickel Ni 58.7 29 Copper Cu 63.546 30 Zinc Zn 65.38 31 Gallium Ga 69.72 32 Germanium Ge 72.59 33 Arsenic As 74.9216 34 Selenium Se 78.96 35 Bromine Br 79.904 36 Krypton Kr 83.8 37 Rubidium Rb 85.4678 38 Strontium Sr 87.62 39 Yttrium Y 88.9059 40 Zirconium Zr 91.22 41 Niobium Nb 92.9064 42 Molybdenum Mo 95.94 43 Technetium Tc 97.9072 44 Ruthenium Ru 101.07 45 Rhodium Rh 102.9055 46 Palladium Pd 106.4 47 Silver Ag 107.868 48 Cadmium Cd 112.4 49 Indium In 114.82 50 Tin Sn 118.69 51 Antimony Sb 121.75 52 Tellurium Te 127.75 53 Iodine I 126.9045 54 Xenon Xe 131.3 55 Caesium Cs 132.9054 56 Barium Ba 137.34 57 Lanthanum La 138.9055 58 Cerium Ce 140.12 59 Praseodymium Pr 140.9077 60 Neodymium Nd 144.24 61 Promethium Pm 144.9128 62 Samarium Sm 150.36 63 Europium Eu 151.96 64 Gadolinium Gd 157.25 65 Terbium Tb 158.9254 66 Dysprosium Dy 162.5 67 Holmium Ho 164.9304 68 Erbium Er 167.26 69 Thulium Tm 168.9342 70 Ytterbium Yb 173.04 71 Lutetium Lu 174.97 72 Hafnium Hf 178.49 73 Tantalum Ta 180.9479 74 Tungsten W 183.85 75 Rhenium Re 186.207 76 Osmium Os 190.2 77 Indium Ir 192.22 78 Platinum Pt 195.09 79 Gold Au 196.9665 80 Mercury Hg 200.59 81 Thallium Tl 204.37 82 Lead Pb 207.37 83 Bismuth Bi 207.2 84 Polonium Po 210 85 Astatine At 211 86 Radon Rn 222.0176 87 Francium Fr 223.0197 88 Radium Ra 226.0254 89 Actinium Ac 227.0278 90 Thorium Th 232.0381 91 Protactinium Pa 231.0359 92 Uranium U 238.029 93 Neptunium Np 237.0482 94 Plutonium Pu 244.0642 95 Americium Am 243.0614 96 Curium Cm 247.0703 97 Berkelium Bk 247.0703 98 Californium Cf 251.0786 99 Einsteinium Es 252.0828 100 Fermium Fm 257.0951 101 Mendelevium Me 258.0986 102 Nobelium No 259.1009 103 Lawrencium Lr 260.1054 Another periodic table of the elements, rotated anti-clockwise through 90 degrees. Numbers indicate atomic numbers of the elements at end of the rows. Bold elements indicate semiconductors; elements below the line are metals. 2 10 18 36 54 86 He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn F Cl Br I At 71 103 O S Se Te Po Lu Lr N P As Sb Bi Yb No C Si Ge Sn Pb Tm Md B Al Ga In Tl Er Fm Zn Cd Hg Ho Es Cu Ag Au Dy Cf Ni Pd Pt Tb Bk Co Rh Ir Gd Cm Fe Ru Os Eu Am Mn Tc Re Sm Pu Cr Mo W Pm Np V Nb Ta Nd U Ti Zr Hf Pr Pa Sc Y |La |Ac -> Ce Th Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra 58 90 H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr 1 3 11 19 37 55 87 @acrophobia heights aerophobia flying agoraphobia open spaces ailurophobia cats algophobia pain androphobia men arachnophobia spiders astraphobia thunder and lightning autophobia being alone; self athophobi depth claustrophobia closed spaces cynophobia dogs (rabies) demophobia crowds dromophobia crossing streets frigophobia the cold genophobia sex gynophobia women haptephobia being touched hemophobia blood hydrophobia water hypnophobia falling asleep musophobia mice mysophobia contamination neophobia the new nyctophobia night, darkness ophidiophobia snakes panphobia everything phobophobia fear photophobia light pyrophobia fire sitophobia eating, food taphephobia being buried alive thanatophobia death toxicophobia poison xenophobia strangers, foreigners zoophobia animals Sketch WUUUUU JUUUUUU RUUUUUU TUUUUUU @UUUUUUU TUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU &Paint.app BQuantity Symbol Numerical Value SI Units Boltzmann Constant k 1.380 658 x 10-23 J/K elementary (proton) charge e 1.602 177 x 10-19 C electron charge -e -1.602 177 x 10-19 C electron rest mass me 9.109 390 x 10-31 kg electron (charge/mass) ratio e/me 1.758 820 x 1011 C/kg Faraday Constant F 9.648 531 x 104 C/mol Free space electric constant o 8.854 188 x 10-12 F/m Free space intrinsic impedance Zo 376.770 3 Free space magnetic constant o 4pi x 10-7 H/m Free space speed of e.m. waves c 2.997 925 x 108 m/s Planck Constant h 6.626 076 x 10-34 Js Pi 3.141 593 e 2.718 282 Sketch &Paint.app Sketch &Paint.app Sketch &Paint.app APi - an easy-to-remember approximation: Write down 1 1 3 3 5 5 Put a long division sign in the middle 1 1 3 / 3 5 5 ( i.e. 355/113) Calculate it 3 . 1 4 1 5 9 2 9 2 0 3 5 The Series 5 Pi is 3.14159265359 You will find this on the Scientific Calculator keyboard. So the error in the above approximation is 2.667264189405 x 10-7 or less than 0.000001. A bit better than the old 22/7. DJA May 1998 Object, million miles from Sun, diameter in miles Mercury, 36, 3100 Venus, 67, 7700 Earth, 93, 7926 Moon, 239,000 miles from earth, 2160 Mars, 142, 4200 Jupiter, 483, 88700 Saturn, 886, 75100 Uranus, 1783, 29600 Neptune, 2793, 27700 Pluto, 3666, 1419 The sun's diameter is 865,036 miles Sketch &Paint.app A(numbers that cannot be wholly divided by any other number except itself and unity) 1 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463 467 Musical terms b(List incomplete, can anyone help?) Eiffel Tower in Paris Statue of Liberty Empire state Building New wonders of the world Newton's Laws of Motion V Nobel peace prizes}W Arial Arial Olympic Venues (Summer)5 Olympic Venues (Winter)@ Oscars; Gas 1 = 290 F = 143 Gas 2 = 315 F = 157 Gas 3 = 335 F = 168 Gas 4 = 360 F = 183 Gas 5 = 380 F = 193 Gas 6 = 405 F = 207 Gas 7 = 425 F = 218 Gas 8 = 445 F = 229 Gas 9 = 470 F = 243 Gas 10 = 490 F = 254 Oven settings0 Paper sizes0 Periodic table of the elements _ Phobiasw Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whisky, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu Phonetic alphabet0 #Physical and mathematical constants0 Arial Arial Arial Planets0 Prime numbersUB Signal Pin Nos Signal STROBE (Input) 1 19 GND DATA 1 (Input) 2 20 GND DATA 2 (Input) 3 21 GND DATA 3 (Input) 4 22 GND DATA 4 (Input) 5 23 GND DATA 5 (Input) 6 24 GND DATA 6 (Input) 7 25 GND DATA 7 (Input) 8 26 GND DATA 8 (Input) 9 27 GND -ACK (Output) 10 28 GND BUSY (Output) 11 29 GND Paper Error (Output) 12 30 GND Select 13 31 NC NC 14 32 -FAULT (Output) NC 15 33 Auxout1 (Output) OV DC 16 34 NC Chassis GND 17 35 Auxout2 (Output) +5V DC (output) 18 36 NC NC - Not Connected. The (-) before some signals indicate that the signal is negative True (Active Low). Sketch &Paint.app BFrequency (in MHz) = 300 / Wavelength (in m) Frequency (in GHz) = 30 / Wavelength (in cm) (For greater accuracy use 299.79/Wavelength) Frequency Bands - a general guide. Audible Frequencies Very long waves - 30 Hz to 30 kHz (depending on age and species) Low Frequencies (LF) Long waves - 30 Khz to 300 kHz 10000 to 1000 Metres Medium Frequencies (MF) Medium waves - 300 KHz to 3 MHz 1000 to 100 Metres High Frequencies (HF) Short waves - 3 to 30 Mhz 100 to 10 Metres Very High Frequencies (VHF) 30 to 300 MHz 10 to 1 Metre/s Ultra High Frequencies (UHF) 300 Mhz to 3 Ghz 1 Metre to 10 cM Super High Frequencies (SHF) Microwaves - 3 Ghz and above 10 cM and less DJA May 1998 Arial Arial Arial Arial Beer - Rinse or soak fresh stains in lukewarm water, then wash normally Blood, egg, gravy, chocolate etc - soak in cold water and salt, then wash Coffee/Tea - Wash in rich suds a.s.a.p. Flowers/grass - Sponge with meths + wash Grease/fat/oils - soak in detergent solution before washing. Paint - (emulsions) sponge with cold water and then wash. (oil-based) dab with white spirit and then cold water + wash. Pencil - boil the stains in milk, and wash. Spirits (alcohol) - rinse with warm water and wash normally. Wine - Soak and sponge in a warm detergent solution. Sketch &Paint.app AColour Band1 Band2 Band3 Black 0 0 . 0 Brown 1 1 x10 Red 2 2 x100 Orange 3 3 x1,000 Yellow 4 4 x10,000 Green 5 5 x100,000 Blue 6 6 x1,000,000 Violet 7 7 Grey 8 8 White 9 9 Fourth Colour band tolerance: Gold - 5%, Silver - 10%, None - 20% 1915 4 1 1937 5 6 1959 12 3 1981 74 1916 5 3 1938 5 7 1960 12 5 1982 81 1917 6 4 1939 5 7 1961 12 9 1983 85 1918 7 4 1940 6 7 1962 13 4 1984 89 1919 7 8 1941 7 2 1963 13 7 1985 94 1920 9 0 1942 7 2 1964 14 2 1986 97 1921 8 2 1943 7 2 1965 14 8 1987 101 1922 6 6 1944 7 3 1966 15 4 1988 106 1923 6 3 1945 7 4 1967 15 8 1989 115 1924 6 3 1946 7 4 1968 16 5 1990 126 1925 6 4 1947 7 4 1969 17 4 1991 133 1926 6 2 1948 7 9 1970 18 5 1992 138 1927 6 1 1949 8 2 1971 20 3 1993 140 1928 6 0 1950 8 4 1972 21 7 1994 144 1929 5 9 1951 9 2 1973 23 7 1995 149 1930 5 7 1952 10 0 1974 27 5 1996 152 1931 5 4 1953 10 3 1975 34 2 1997 157.5 1932 5 2 1954 10 5 1976 39 8 1998 162.9 1933 5 1 1955 11 0 1977 46 1934 5 1 1956 11 5 1978 49 1935 5 2 1957 11 9 1979 56 1936 5 3 1958 12 3 1980 66 During the Second World War the Central Statistical Office was established as a result of Winston Churchill s demand for better statistical data for the conduct of the war. Later, on 17th June 1947, the old Cost of Living Index was updated, and renamed the Retail Prices Index ; its purpose then changed to one of measuring the annual inflation of the cost of the average family s purchases. had been calculated since 1914 and was designed to measure the Cost of Living i.e. the cost of essentials. In 1914 very few homes had electricity or gas so candles were widely used and therefore featured in the Cost of Living Index. Candles finally went out of the calculations of the new Retail Prices Index in 1956; and TV sets, washing machines, second hand cars and, amongst other things, brown bread and coffee appeared for the first time in the same year. Other changes include the introduction of fridges (1962), wine (1970), mortgage interest payments (1975), telephones (1980), and VCRs, CD players and CDs and microwave ovens in 1987. Subsequent additions include satellite dishes, tumble driers, camcorders and cook-in-sauces. Eighty years ago prices were monitored by a handful of clerks using ink pens and columns of tables compiled by hand. Today the process is carried out by the C.S.O. using surveys collected nationally by hundreds of civil servants in 180 different areas, while the calculations are done by computer. The new RPI calculations from 1947 onwards generated a set of indices of retail prices, averaged throughout the country, and related to a or reference point of 100. The 1947 indices covered such essentials as Food, Clothing, Rent & Rates, Fuel & Light, etc., but the most useful index was that for All Items , which was a weighted average of all the others; the weighting was a reflection of the importance attached to one index with respect to all others, and produced a total of 1000. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to Food in 1947 was 348 out of 1000, whereas that for Clothing was only 97. Clearly the Government of the day considered that sufficient food was of high importance but that a certain amount of nakedness amongst the population was relatively acceptable. As people become generally more prosperous and sophisticated their needs change and so do their spending habits. In 1914 very few homes had electricity or gas so candles were widely used and therefore featured in the Cost of Living Index. Candles finally went out of the calculations of the new Retail Prices Index in 1956; and TV sets, washing machines, second hand cars and, amongst other things, brown bread and coffee appeared for the first time in the same year. Other changes include the introduction of fridges (1962), wine (1970), mortgage interest payments (1975), telephones (1980), and VCRs, CD players and CDs and microwave ovens in 1987. Subsequent additions include satellite dishes, tumble driers, camcorders and cook-in-sauces. As a result of the 1947 initiative it became a simple matter to measure the annual change in retail prices. Using the All Items index and taking into account the five rebasings (back to 100) that have occurred since 1947, here are the figures for the whole period from 1914 to 1997; but bear in mind the change of the basis for the calculation that took place in 1947. Sketch wWu5t }UCUUU &Paint.app Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial :B<3.5 'Instrumental' Detected only by a seismograph 3.5 'Feeble' Noticed only by people at rest 4.2 'Slight' Similar to vibrations from a passing truck 4.5 'Moderate' Felt indoors, parked cars rock 4.8 'Rather Strong' Felt generally, waking sleepers 5.4 'Strong' Trees sway, some damage 6.1 'Very Strong' General alarm, walls crack 6.5 'Destructive' Walls collapse 6.9 'Ruinous' Some houses collapse, ground cracks 7.3 'Disastrous' Buildings destroyed, rails bend 8.1 'Very disastrous' Landslides, few buildings survive >8.1 'Catastrophic' Total destruction Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier Courier ARiver Country Km Miles Nile Africa 6690 4160 Amazon S. America 6570 4080 Mississippi-Missouri US 6212 3860 Irtysh Old USSR 5570 3461 Yangtze China 5520 3430 Hwang Ho China 4672 2903 Congo Africa 4667 2900 Amur Asia 4509 2802 Lena Old USSR 4269 2653 25 pin 1 - Ground 2 - Transmit data 3 - Receive data 4 - Request to send 5 - Clear to send 6 - Dataset ready 7 - Signal Ground 8 - Data Carrier detect 20 - Data Terminal rdy 22 - Ring Indicator 9 pin 1 - Data Carrier detect 2 - Receive data 3 - Transmit data 4 - Data Terminal Ready 5 - Ground 6 - Data set ready 7 - Request to send 8 - Clear to send 9 - Ring Indicator Sketch &Paint.app Sketch &Paint.app Printer parallel pin assignments0 [2.5% Innovators 13.5 % Early adopters 34% Early majority 34% Late majority 16% Laggards Product adopters HExploration Screening Analysis Development Test phase Commercialisation Product development 3Introduction Growth Maturity Stabilisation Decline Product lifecycle Radio frequencies;&Argon Helium Krypton Radon Xenon Rare gases0 Removing stains0 Resistance Colour Codes0 Retail Price Index (UK)0 Richter Scale9s Rivers0 ; Acheron Cocytus Phlegethon Rivers of Hell0 3 III 7 VII 8 VIII 11 XI 12 XII 13 XIII 14 XIV 15 XV 16 XVI 17 XVII 18 XVIII 19 XIX 20 XX 30 XXX 40 XL 60 LX 70 LXX 80 LXXX 90 XC 100 C 500 D 1000 M Roman numerals0 RS-232 serial pinouts0 Runic alphabet ?Dasher Dancer Prancer Vixen Comet Cupid Donner Blitzen Rudolph Santa's reindeerLABailey Bell rock Biscay Channel Cromarty Dogger Dover Dowsing Faeroes Fair Isle Fastnet Finisterre Fisher Forties Forth German Bight Hebrides Humber Iceland Irish Sea Jersey Lundy Malin Malin Head Plymouth Portland Rockall Ronaldsway Royal Sovereign Scilly Shannon Sumburgh Thames Tiree Utsire Valentia Varne Viking Wight Sketch &Paint.app Sketch &Paint.app |DThe approximate chronological order of Shakespeare's plays (some of the dates are uncertain): 1 Henry VI (1589-1590, later revised) 2 & 3 Henry VI (1590-91) Richard III (1592-93) The Comedy of Errors (1592-93) Titus Andronicus (1593-94) The Taming of the Shrew (1593-94) Two Gentleman of Verona (1594-95) Love's Labour's Lost (1594-95) Romeo and Juliet (1595-96) Richard II (1595-96) A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596) King John (1596-97) The Merchant of Venice (1596-97) 1 & 2 Henry IV (1597-98) Much Ado About Nothing (1598-99) Henry V (1598-99) Julius Caesar (1599-1600) As You Like It (1596-1600) Twelfth Night (1599-1600) Hamlet (1599-1600) Merry Wives of Windsor (1597-1601?) Troilus and Cressida (1597-1602) All's Well that Ends Well (1602-04) Measure for Measure (1604-05) Othello (1604-05) King Lear (1605-06) Macbeth (1605-06) Anthony and Cleopatra (1606-07) Coriolanus (1608-08) Timon of Athens (1607-08) Pericles (1608-09) Cymbeline (1609-10) The Winter's Tale (1610-11) The Tempest (1611, revised 1612-13) Henry VIII (1612-13) The Poems Venus and Adonis (1592) Lucrece (1593-94) The Sonnets (1593-1600) The Phoenix and Turtle (1601) "BYotta (I) = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Zetta(Z) = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Exa(E) = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Peta(P) = 1,000,000,000,000,000 Tera(T) = 1,000,000,000,000 Giga(G) = 1,000,000,000 Mega(M) = 1,000,000 Kilo(k) = 1,000 Hecto(h) = 100 Deca(da) = 10 Unit = 1 Deci(d) = 0.1 Centi(c) = 0.01 Milli(m) = 0.001 Micro( ) = 0.000 001 Nano(n) = 0.000 000 001 Pico(p) = 0.000 000 000 001 Femto(f) = 0.000 000 000 000 001 Atto = 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 Zepto = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 Yocto = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 BQuantity Unit name Symbol In SI base force newton N m kg s-2 energy joule J m2 kg s-2 power watt W m2 kg s-3 pressure pascal Pa m-1 kg s-2 potential volt V m2 kg s-3 A-1 charge coulomb C s A electron flux coulomb C s A magnetic flux weber Wb m2 kg s-2 A-1 flux density tesla T kg s-2 A-1 resistance ohm m2 kg s-3 A1 conductance siemens S m-2 kg s3 A2 capacitance farad F m-2 kg-1 s4 A2 inductance henry H m2 kg s-2 A-2 temperature degree oC K frequency hertz Hz s-1 luminous flux lumen lm cd sr illuminance lux lx m-2 cd sr luminance candela per sq metre cd/m2 m-2 cd Sketch &Paint.app Capricorn The Goat Dec 23 - Jan 19 Aquarius The Water-bearer Jan 20 - Feb 19 Pisces The Fish Feb 20 - Mar 21 Aries The Ram Mar 22 - Apr 30 Taurus The Bull Apr 21 - May 21 Gemini The Twins May 22 - Jun 22 Cancer The Crab Jun 23 - Jul 23 Leo The Lion Jul 24 - Aug 23 Virgo The Virgin Aug 24 - Sep 23 Libra The Scales Sep 24 - Oct 23 Scorpio The Scorpion Oct 24 - Nov 22 Sagittarius The Archer Nov 23 - Dec 22 Sketch &Paint.app hBSocial Percentage Social Grade of Population Status Occupation A 2 5 Upper Higher managerial, Middle administrative Class or professional B 16 0 Middle Intermediate managerial, Class administrative or professional C1 29 0 Lower Supervisory or clerical, Middle and junior managerial, Class administrative or professional C2 19 5 Skilled Skilled Working Manual Workers Class D 20 3 Working Semi- and Class Unskilled manual workers E 12 2 Lowest State pensioners, level of widows, casual or subsist- lowest grade ence workers BThe loudness of a sound is measured by the size of its vibrations. A 20dB sound is ten times louder than a 10dB sound; a 30dB sound is 100 times louder than that. 0dB Human minimum audibility 30dB Soft whisper at 5m 50dB Inside urban home 55dB Light traffic at 15m 60dB Conversion at 1m 85dB Pneumatic drill at 15m 90dB Heavy traffic at 15m 100dB Loud shout at 15m 105dB Aeroplane take-off at 600m 117dB Inside full-volume disco 120dB Aeroplan take-off at 60m 130dB Pain Threhold for humans 140dB Aeroplane take-off at 30m _ATV series Star Trek Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Star Trek: Voyager Films Star Trek: The Motion Picture Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home Star Trek V: The Final Frontier Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek: Generations Star Trek: First Contact 4BDistances apply to a typical car with good tyres and brakes, an alert driver and in dry weather. Wet or other adverse conditions will greatly increase shortest stopping distance. Distances are shown in Metres and (feet). Speed is shown in Mph and (Km/h). Thinking Braking Total Speed Distance Distance Distance 20 ( 32) 6 (20) 6 ( 20) 12 ( 40) 30 ( 48) 9 (30) 14 ( 45) 23 ( 75) 40 ( 64) 12( 40) 24 ( 80) 36 (120) 50 ( 80) 15 (50) 38 (125) 53 (175) 60 ( 97) 18 (60) 55 (180) 73 (240) 70 (113) 21 (70) 75 (245) 96 (315) Sea Areasw Semaphore0 Infant Schoolboy Lover Soldier Justice Old Age Second Childhood Seven Ages of Man;5Covetousness Gluttony Lechery Pride Sloth Wrath Seven deadly sins0 -Bashful Dopey Grumpy Happy Sleepy Sneezy Seven dwarfs KStrategy Structure Systems Staff Style Skills Shared values (Surroundings) Seven S business model Shakespeare Quantity Name Unit Symbol length metre m mass kilogram kg time second s electric current ampere A thermodynamic temperature kelvin K substance mole mol luminous intensity candela cd SI Base units0 SI number prefixes0 SI-derived units0 Signs of the Zodiac0 Social Classes. Sound Levels DecibelsS Z-table for Standard Deviations (s) average +/- 1 * s covers 68.2 % average +/- 1.65 * s covers 90.0 % average +/- 1.96 * s covers 95.0 % average +/- 2 * s covers 95.4 % average +/- 3 * s covers 99.7 % Standard Deviations Star Trek - Series and Films} Stopping Distances. (AThou shall have No Other Gods Thou shall not make Graven Images Thou shalt not Take the Name of the Lord in Vain Remember the Sabbath Day Honour thy Father and Mother Thou shalt not Murder Thou shalt not Commit Adultery Thou shalt not Steal Thou shalt not Bear False Witness Thou shalt not Covet A0 Dick Dastardly and Muttley, in Double Zero, the Mean Machine 1 The Slag Brothers, Rock and Gravel, in the Bouldermobile. 2 Gruesome Twosome, in the Creepy Coupe. 3 Proffessor Pat Pending, in the Convert-a-Car. 4 Red Max, in the Crimson Haybayler. 5 Penelope Pittstop, in the Compact Pussycat. 6 Serge and Meekly, In the Army Surplus Special. 7 The Anthill Mob, in the Bullet Proof Bomb 8 Luke and Blubber, in the Arkensaw Chuggabug 9 Peter Perfect, in The Turbo Terrific. 10 Rufus Roughcut, in The Buzzwagon. ASurface area - 150,243,000 km2 Land: 26%, Water: 72%, Ice: 2% Area division: Asia: 29.6%, Africa: 20.2%, North America: 16.3%, South America: 11.9%, Antartica: 9.3%, Europe: 6.8%, Oceania: 6.0% Population division: Asia: 58.4%, Europe: 16.4%, Africa: 10.7%, North America: 8.6%, South America: 5.3%, Oceania: 0.6% Greatest Ocean depths in each ocean: Pacific: Mariana Trench 11km, Atlantic: Puerto Rico Trench 9km, Indian: Java Trench 7km, Artic: North Polar Basin 5km ANTSC (National Television Standards Committee) NTSC 3.58 USA, Japan, Canada, Taiwan, Korea, Philipines NTSC 4.43 Used in Far East SECAM (S quential Couleurs moire) SECAM France, Greece, Bulgaria, Hungary MESECAM Middle Eastern version of SECAM PAL (Phase Alternate Line) PAL-I Nicam Sound, Teletext UK, Hong Kong, South Africa PAL-B FM/FM Sound Europe, except UK and France; China, Singapore PAL-D PAL-G UHF Europe, except UK and France PAL-M Brazil PAL-N Argentina, Paraguay, Uraguay ATwelve Labours of Hercules. Kill the Nemean lion. Destroy the Lernean hydra. Capture the Erymanthian boar alive. Capture the Ceryneian stag alive. Kill the Stymphalian birds. Clean the Augean stables. Bring the Cretan bull alive into Peloponnesus . Obtain the horses of Diomedes. Obtain the girdle of Hippolyte. Kill the monster and cattle of Geryon. Obtain the apples of the Hesperides. Bring Cerberus the three headed dog of Hades from the infernal regions. Eaa (type of lava) ae (Scots word for one) ai (three-toed sloth) ar (the letter "R") ay ("Yes") ba (the soul) bi (bisexual) bo (startling interjection) ch (obsolete dialect pronoun) da (a burmese knife) di (plural of deus) ea (dialect word meaning river) ee (Scot's word for eye) ef (the letter "F") el (the letter "L") en (the letter "N") es (the letter "S") fy (interjection expressing disapproval) gi (judo costume) gu (violin) io (interjection expressing joy) jo (Scots word for a loved one) ka (the spirit or soul) ko (Maori digging stick) ky (Scots word for cows) li (Chinese unit of distance) mo (old word for more) na (Scots word for "no") nu (Greek letter) ny (obsolete spelling of "nigh") ob (an objection) od (a hypothetical force) oe (same as "oy") om (an intoned Hindu sacred symbol) oo (Scots form of wool) os (a bone) ou (Scots interjection expressing concession) oy (Scots word for grandchild) ph (number expressing acidity) po (short form of chamberpot) qi (life force) sh (interjection requesting silence) si (An early form of "ti", a musical note) st (interjection expressing silence) te (same as "ti", a musical note) ti (a musical note) ut (syllable representing "doh", a musical note) wo (variant of "woe") xi (greek letter) xu (Vietnamese coin) yu (precious jade) zo (Himalayan animal) Estimated average weekly winnings: Match 3 numbers: Match 4 numbers: Match 5 numbers: 1,500 Match 6 numbers: 2 million Odds: Match 3 nos: 1 in 57 Match 4 nos: 1 in 1,033 Match 5 nos: 1 in 55,492 Match 5 nos. & bonus: 1 in 2,330,636 Match 6 nos: 1 in 13,983,816 Sketch wWu5t }UCUUU &Paint.app @Name Born Reigned Saxons Egbert, King of Wessex 802 Ethelwulf Ethelbald Ethelbert Ethelred Alfred the Great 849 871 Edward the Elder 870 899 Athelstan 895 925 Edmund I 921 939 Edred Edwy before 943 955 Edgar 943 959 Edward II the Martyr c.962 975 Ethelred II the Unready 968/9 979 and 1014 Sweyn 1013 Edmund II Ironside before 993 Apr Nov 1016 Danes Canute the Great c.995 1016 Harold Harefoot c.1016/7 jointly with Hardicanute c.1018 1035 Harold Harefoot (alone) 1037 Hardicanute (alone) 1040 Saxons Edward III the Confessor c.1002 5 1042 Harold II c.1020 Jan Oct 1066 Edgar Atheling Dec 1066 House of Normandy William I the Conqueror c.1027/8 1066 William II Rufus c.1056 60 1087 Henry I Beauclerc 1068 1100 Stephen by 1100 1135 House of Angevin Henry II Curtmantle 1133 1154 Richard I Coeur de Lion 1157 1189 John Lackland 1167 1199 House of Plantagenet Henry III 1207 1216 Edward I Longshanks 1239 1272 Edward II 1284 1307 Edward III 1312 1327 Richard II 1367 1377 House of Lancaster Henry IV 1366 1399 Henry V 1387 1413 Henry VI 1421 1422 and 1470 House of York Edward IV 1442 1461 and 1471 Edward V 1470 Apr June 1483 Richard III 1452 1483 House of Tudor Henry VII 1457 1485 Henry VIII 1491 1509 Edward VI 1537 1547 Jane 19 July 1553 Mary I 1516 1553 Elizabeth I 1533 1558 House of Stuart James I 1566 1603 Charles I 1600 1625 Charles II 1630 1649 Oliver Cromwell 1653 Richard Cromwell 1658 Charles II 1630 1660 James II 1633 1685 Mary II 1662 jointly with William III 1650 1689 William III (alone) 1694 Anne 1665 1702 House of Hanover George I 1660 1714 George II 1683 1727 George III 1738 1760 George IV 1762 1820 William IV 1765 1830 Victoria 1819 1837 House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Edward VII 1841 1901 House of Windsor (from 1917) George V 1865 1910 Edward VIII 1894 Jan Dec 1936 George VI 1895 1936 Elizabeth II 1926 1952 Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial Arial IName Party Dates Sir Robert Walpole Whig 1721 Earl of Wilmington Whig 1742 Henry Pelham Whig 1743 Duke of Newcastle Whig 1754 Duke of Devonshire Whig 1756 Duke of Newcastle Whig 1757 Earl of Bute Tory 1762 George Grenville Whig 1763 Marquis of Rockingham Whig 1765 Earl of Chatham Whig 1766 Duke of Grafton Whig 1768 Lord North Tory 1770 Marquis of Rockingham Whig 1782 Earl of Selburne Whig 1782 Duke of Portland Coalit 1783 William Pitt Tory 1783 Henry Addington Tory 1801 William Pitt Tory 1804 Lord William Grenville Whig 1806 Duke of Portland Tory 1807 Spencer Percival Tory 1809 Earl of Liverpool Tory 1812 Goerge Canning Tory 1827 Viscount Goderich Tory 1827 Duke of Wellington Tory 1828 Earl Grey Whig 1830 Viscount Melbourne Whig 1834 Duke of Wellington Tory 1834 Sir Robert Peel Cons 1834 Viscount Melbourne Whig 1835 Sir Robert Peel Cons 1841 Lord John Russell Whig 1846 Earl of Derby Cons 1852 Earl of Aberdeen Coalit 1852 Viscount Palmerston Lib 1855 Earl of Derby Cons 1858 Viscount Palmerston Lib 1859 Earl Russell Lib 1865 Earl of Derby Cons 1866 Benjamin Disraeli Cons 1868 William Gladstone Lib 1868 Benjamin Disraeli Cons 1874 William Gladstone Lib 1880 Marquis of Salisbury Cons 1885 William Gladstone Lib 1886 Marquis of Salisbury Cons 1886 William Gladstone Lib 1892 Earl of Rosebery Lib 1894 Marquis of Salisbury Cons 1895 Arthur Balfour Cons 1902 Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman Lib 1905 Herbert Henry Asquith Lib 1908 David Lloyd George Coalit 1916 Andrew Bonar Law Cons 1922 Stanley Baldwin Cons 1923 James Ramsay MacDonald Lab 1924 Stanley Baldwin Cons 1924 James Ramsay MacDonald Coalit 1929 Stanley Baldwin Coalit 1935 Neville Chamberlain Coalit 1937 Winston Churchill Coalit 1940 Clement Atlee Lab 1945 Sir Winston Churchill Cons 1951 Sir Antony Eden Cons 1955 Harold Macmillan Cons 1957 Sir Alec Douglas-Home Cons 1963 Harold Wilson Lab 1964 Edward Heath Cons 1970 Harold Wilson Lab 1974 James Callaghan Lab 1976 Margaret Thatcher Cons 1979 John Major Cons 1990 Anthony Blair Lab 1997 CUK vehicle registration letters Suffixes: A Feb 1963 to Dec 1963 B Jan 1964 to Dec 1964 C Jan 1965 to Dec 1965 D Jan 1966 to Dec 1966 E Jan 1967 to Jul 1967 F Aug 1967 to Jul 1968 G Aug 1968 to Jul 1969 H Aug 1969 to Jul 1970 J Aug 1970 to Jul 1971 K Aug 1971 to Jul 1972 L Aug 1972 to Jul 1973 M Aug 1973 to Jul 1974 N Aug 1974 to Jul 1975 P Aug 1975 to Jul 1976 Q Special or temporarily imported from abroad R Aug 1976 to Jul 1977 S Aug 1977 to Jul 1978 T Aug 1978 to Jul 1979 V Aug 1979 to Jul 1980 W Aug 1980 to Jul 1981 X Aug 1981 to Jul 1982 Y Aug 1982 to Jul 1983 Prefixes: A Aug 1983 to Jul 1984 B Aug 1984 to Jul 1985 C Aug 1985 to Jul 1986 D Aug 1986 to Jul 1987 E Aug 1987 to Jul 1988 F Aug 1988 to Jul 1989 G Aug 1989 to Jul 1990 H Aug 1990 to Jul 1991 J Aug 1991 to Jul 1992 K Aug 1992 to Jul 1993 L Aug 1993 to Jul 1994 M Aug 1994 to Jul 1995 N Aug 1995 to Jul 1996 P Aug 1996 to Jul 1997 Q Special or temporarily imported from abroad R Aug 1997 to Jul 1998 S Aug 1998 to Jul 1999 Arial Arial GAWomen's dresses and suits UK 12 14 16 18 20 22 Europe 40 42 44 46 48 50 Men's suits and overcoats UK 36 38 40 42 44 46 Europe 46 48 50 52 54 56 Shirt collars UK 14 15 15 16 16 17 Europe 37 38 39-40 41 42 43 Shoes UK 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eur 38 39 41 42 43 44 46 47 Socks UK 10 10 11 11 Eur 39-40 40-1 41-2 42-43 Ten Commandments0 Calliope epics Clio history Erato love songs Euterpe lyric poetry Melpomene tragedy Polyhymnia sacred poetry Terpsichore choral song and dance Thalia comedy and idyllic poetry Urania astronomy Arial Arial The Nine Muses 9Charity Faith Fortitude Justice Prudence Temperance Arial Arial The Seven Virtues Arial Arial The Wacky Races The World - basic statistics 9Topcat Benny The Ball Choo-choo Fancy Fancy Spook Brains Topcat's gang TV Transmission systems Simon, called Peter Andrew, his brother James, son of Zebedee and his brother John Philip Bartholomew Thomas Matthew, the tax collector James, son of Alpheus Thaddeus Simon of Cannae Judas Iscariot Twelve apostles9 Twelve labours of Hercules0 Two letter Scrabble words; Brilliant 9 Bourgeois 4 Gem 10 Long Primer Diamond 11 Small Pica 5 Pearl 12 Pica Ruby or Agate 14 English 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer Emerald 24 2 Line Pica 7 Minion 36 3 Line Pica 8 Brevier Type sizes (archaic) UK Lotteryu UK Monarchs0 UK Prime Ministers0 UK vehicle registration letters UK/Europe Clothing Sizes AName Country Term Trygve Lie Norway 1946 Dag Hammarskjold Denmark 1953 U Thant Burma 1961 Kurt Waldheim Austria 1972 Javier Perez de Cuellar Peru 1982 Boutros Boutros-Ghali Cameroon 1992 Kofi Annan Ghana 1997 EName Party Dates George Washington Federalist 1789-1797 John Adams Federalist 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson Democratic Rep 1801-1809 James Madison Democratic Rep 1809-1817 James Monroe Democratic Rep 1817-1825 John Quincy Adams Independent 1825-1829 Andrew Jackson Democrat 1829-1837 Martin Van Buren Democrat 1837-1841 William Harrison Whig 1841 John Tyler Whig then Dem 1841-1845 James Polk Democrat 1845-1849 Zacharay Tylor Whig 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore Whig 1850-1853 Franklin Pierce Democrat 1853-1857 James Buchanan Democrat 1853-1861 Abraham Lincoln Republican 1861-1865 Andrew Johnson Democrat 1865-1869 Ulysses S Grant Republican 1869-1877 Rutherford B Hayes Republican 1877-1881 James A Garfield Republican 1881 Chester A Arthur Republican 1881-1885 Grover Cleveland Democrat 1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison Republican 1889-1893 Grover Cleveland Democrat 1893-1897 William McKinley Republican 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt Republican 1901-1909 William H Taft Republican 1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson Democrat 1913-1921 Warren G Harding Republican 1921-1923 Calvin Coolidge Republican 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover Republican 1929-1933 Franklin D Roosevelt Democrat 1933-1945 Harry S Truman Democrat 1945-1953 Dwight D Eisenhower Republican 1953-1961 John F Kennedy Democrat 1961-1963 Lyndon B Johnson Democrat 1963-1969 Richard M Nixon Republican 1969-1974 Gerald Ford Republican 1974-1977 James Carter Democrat 1977-1981 Ronald Reagan Republican 1981-1989 George Bush Republican 1989-1993 William Clinton Democrat 1993- EState In Capital Phone Alabama AL Montgomery 205 Alaska AK Juneau 907 Arizona AZ Phoenix 602 Arkansas AR Little Rock 501 California CA Sacramento 916 Colorado CO Denver 303 Connecticut CT Hartford 203 Delaware DE Dover 302 Florida FL Tallahassee 904 Georgia GA Atlanta 404 Hawaii HI Honolulu 808 Idaho ID Boise 208 Illinois IL Springfield 217 Indiana IN Indianapolis 317 Iowa IA Des Moines 515 Kansas KA Topeka 913 Kentucky KY Frankfort 502 Louisiana LA New Orleans 504 Maine ME Augusta 207 Maryland MD Annapolis 301 Massachusetts MA Boston 617 Michigan MI Lansing 517 Minnesota MN St. Paul 612 Mississippi MSJackson 601 Missouri MO Jefferson City 314 Montana MT Helena 406 Nebraska NE Lincoln 402 Nevada NV Carson City 702 New Hampshire NH Concord 603 New Jersey NJ Trenton 908 New Mexico NM Santa Fe 505 New York NY Albany 518 North Carolina NC Raleigh 919 North Dakota ND Bismarck 701 Ohio OH Columbus 614 Oklahoma OK Oklahoma City 405 Oregon OR Salem 503 Pennsylvania PA Harrisburg 717 Rhode Island RI Providence 401 South Carolina SC Columbia 803 South Dakota SD Pierre 605 Tennessee TN Nashville 615 Texas TX Austin 512 Utah UT Salt Lke City 801 Vermont VT Montpelier 802 Virginia VA Richmond 804 Washington WA Olympia 206 West Virginia WV Charleston 304 Wisconsin WI Madison 608 Wyoming WY Cheyenne 307 Dist of Columbia DC Washington 202 Guam Territory GU Agana 671 Puerto Rico PR San Juan 809 US Virgin Islands VI Christiansted 809 @Vitamin A (Retinol, Carotene is precursor) Needed for healthy skin, mucous membranes and night vision. Found mainly in liver, milk, dairy products, eggs, carrots, fresh veg. Gross deficiency causes xerophthalmia, eye & skin problems. Overdose in supplementation can cause problems, particularly in pregant & lactating mothers. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin, Aneurine) Needed for metabolising carbohydrates into energy in muscles and nervous system. Found mainly in cereals, meat, peas, beans, nuts and yeast extract. Gross deficiency causes Beriberi, tiredness, headaches, digestive problems. Alcoholics may be deficient. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin, Lactoflavin, Vitamin G) Needed for growth, food breakdown, healthy skin and eyes. Found mainly in liver, meat, dairy products, eggs and cereals. Gross deficiency causes skin lesions, sore or ulcerated lips and mouth. Large amounts may colour urine bright yellow. Vitamin B3 (Niacin, Nicotinamide, Tryptophan is precursor) Needed for producing energy, maintaining healthy nervous system, digestive function and skin. Found in many foods, beef, pork, fish, nuts, chicken, coffee, yeast extract. Gross deficiency causes pellagra. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid, Pantothenate) Neede d to release energy from fats, proteins and carbohydrates, aids resistance to infection and helps healthy skin, found in many foods, eg: liver, kidneys, fish, eggs, wholegrains, pulses and nuts. Also manufactured in intestine. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine) Needed for healthy skin, blood, nerves and hormone production. Found in liver, yeast extracts, wholegrains, eggs, beef, fish etc. Also manufactured in intestine. Supplementation may improve PMT symptoms in women. Folic Acid (Folate, Folacin, Vitamin B9, Vitamin M, Vitamin Bc) Needed to produce red blood cells. Found in green veg, liver, kidney, mushrooms and yeast. Needed by precnant women to reduce spina bifida and neural tube defects. Gross deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocolbalamine) Needed for growth and proper formation of red blood cells. Found mainly in liver, meat, fish, dairy products and eggs as well as yeast products (Marmite, Beer). Not present in vegetables, vegans may be deficient. Gross deficiency causes pernicious anaemia (usually through malabsorption). Biotin (Vitamin H) Aids metabolism, needed for healthy skin, hair, nerves etc. Found in liver, wholegrains, eggs, fish, nuts, yeast. Avidin in raw egg whites can impair absorption. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid, Ascorbate) Needed for cell growth. Found mainly in breakfast foods and fruit-related products. Gross deficiency causes scurvy. Vitamin D (Calciferol, Ergocalciferol) Needed for healthy bones and teeth. Found mainly in fatty fish, eggs butter and milk. Can also be made by the action of sunlight on skin. Gross deficiency causes rickets. Overdose in supplementattion can cause problems, particularly in pregant & lactating mothers. Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Antioxidant, protects other vitamins & fats. Found in meat and vegetable oils. Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) Needed for proper blood clotting. Mostly manufactured in intestine, found in cauliflower & leafy green veg, liver, fish oils, yogurt. Sketch &Paint.app sATemperature ( c) v Wind Speed (mph) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 12 78 15 13 17 48 19 83 22 18 24 54 26 89 29 60 10 07 13 55 17 02 20 49 23 97 27 5 -7 31 -2 75 11 44 16 12 20 81 25 10 -14 05 -8 58 -3 83 13 30 18 78 24 15 -18 59 -12 59 -6 59 -0 41 11 40 17 40 23 20 -21 99 -15 60 -9 20 -2 98 16 38 22 CNo. MPH KTS International Specifications Description 0 <1 <1 Calm Calm; smoke rises vertically 1 1-3 1-3 Light Air Direction of wind shown by smoke drift not by wind vanes 2 4-7 4-6 Light Breeze Wind felt on face; leaves rustle; vanes moved by wind 3 8-12 7-10 Gentle Breeze Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag 4 13-18 11-16 Moderate Raises dust, loose paper; small branches moved 5 19-24 17-21 Fresh Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters 6 25-31 22-27 Strong Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telegraph wires; umbrellas used with difficulty 7 32-38 28-33 Near Gale Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt walking against the wind 8 39-46 34-40 Gale Breaks twigs off trees; impedes progress 9 47-54 41-47 Strong Gale Slight structural damage occurs 10 55-63 48-55 Storm Trees uprooted; considerable damage occurs 11 64-72 56-63 Violent Storm Widespread damage 12 73-82 64-71 Hurricane Store in cool dark place, between 7 C and 18 C, to prevent premature ageing. Use a damp cellar or cool ventilated cupboard. Keep the bottles on their sides so that the wine inside keeps the cork wet. If the cork dries out it will allow air through to the wine, which will oxidise and turn to vinegar. Sketch SUUu] &Paint.app @ADCOMSUBORDCOMPHIBSPAC is the longest acronym in the 1965 edition of the Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations Dictionary. It is a Navy term standing for Administrative Command, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet Subordinate Command. AERATE, BERATE, CERATE, DERATE may be the longest such set of words [Gary Rosenberg]. Beijing has three dotted letters in a row (in lower case), as do Fiji, Hajji, and hijinks. CONSERVATIONALISTS and CONVERSATIONALISTS are the longest pair of non-scientific English words which are anagrams of each other, according to Guinness. DABCHICK (a small bird) is among the very few words that contain ABC. Some others: ABCOULOMB, ABCHALAZAL, ABCAREE, CRABCAKE, DRABCLOTH, and the proper noun BABCOCK. EARTHLING is first found in print in 1593. Another surprisingly old word is SPACESHIP (1894). FABACEAE (a family of beans in some classifications) is the longest word which can also be a hexadecimal numeral (consisting only of A, B, C, D, E, and F). ACCEDED, DEFACED, and EFFACED are the longest hexadecimal words acceptable in Scrabble. FICKLEHEADED and FIDDLEDEEDEE may be the longest words consisting only of letters in the first half of the alphabet. FORTY is apparently the only number which has its letters in alphabetical order. GOOGOL is a 1 followed by 100 zeros. Mathematician Edward Kasner supposedly asked his nephew Milton Sirotta to suggest a name for the number, and he came up with this word, which is now found in many dictionaries. The million, billion, trillion, quadrillion system skips over this number. A googolplex is 1 followed by a googol of zeros. HYDROXYZINE (a prescription drug) is the only word in RHUD2 containing XYZ. I is the most commonly spoken word in English, followed by YOU, THE, and A. The most commonly used words in written English, according to the 1971 American Heritage Word Frequency Book are: the, of, and, a, to, in, is, you, that, it, he, for, was, on, are, as, with, his, they at, be, this, from, I, have, or, by, one, had, not, but, what, all, were, when, we there, can, an, your, which, their, said, if, do. INDIVISIBILITY is the shortest word in RHUD2 with 6 I's. (The plural, INDIVISIBILITIES, would have 7 I's.) NONANNOUNCEMENT has 6 N's. INTESTINES has each of its letters occurring twice. Some other such words: APPEASES, CAUCASUS, HOTSHOTS, ARRAIGNING, TEAMMATE, SHANGHAIINGS, REAPPEAR, HAPPENCHANCE, HORSESHOER, and ESOPHAGOGRAPHERS. JAAAARNE is an Estonian word meaning "the edge of the ice." It has four A's in a row. (There is an umlaut above each A.) [Guinness] RNTEN (one of the states of Austria) is suggested by Pierre Abbat as perhaps the longest word consisting of alternating dits and dahs in Morse code (_._ ._._ ._. _. _ . _.) LATCHSTRING, CATCHPHRASE, BORSCHTS, BERGSCHRUND, KNIGHTSBRIDGE (a district in London), and ESCHSCHOLTZIA (a genus of poppies) have six consonants in a row. John F. Underwood suggests that BORSCHTS may be the only instance in English of six successive consonants in one syllable. THUMBSCREW may have the longest string of consecutive consonants without using a letter twice (Craig Kasper). The Dutch word ANGSTSCHREEUW (a scream of anguish), the German word ANGSTSCHWEISS and the Swedish word VARLDSSCHLAGER (=a kind of world music; an umlaut over the first A) all have 8 consecutive consonants. MHO is the unit of electrical conductance. Since conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, which is measured in ohms, MHO is OHM spelled backwards. The only other word in MWCD10 the origin of which is a backwards spelling is YOB, now more commonly spelled yobbo, which is the backwards spelling of boy. However, Chambers has two other electrical units formed by backwards spellings: DARAF and YRNEH. Barry Harridge, consulting Chambers, says, "A close relative is EGALLIC (pertaining to gall-nuts, applied to a particular acid). The coiners of the word started with the French word for gall (galle) and spelt it backwards. The laxative SERUTAN was named by spelling natures backwards. ONE THOUSAND contains the letter A, but none of the words from one to nine hundred ninety-nine has an A. The shortest -ology (study of) word is OOLOGY (the study of eggs). It is claimed that -OUGH can be pronounced 9 different ways in the following sentence: A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed. OXYOPIA (unusual acuteness of vision) and OCEANIA cram five syllables into only seven letters. OIDIA (plural of OIDIUM) has four syllables with only five letters [Craig Rowland]. Barry Harridge points out that IFF (described elsewhere on this page) yields five syllables with only three letters, in one of its pronunciations. POLISH is pronounced two ways, depending on whether or not the first letter is capitalized. Some other such words: JOB, LIMA, and READING. RAISE/RAZE are homophones with approximately opposite meanings. Others are RECKLESS/WRECKLESS, AURAL/ORAL, PETALLESS/PETALOUS. SCRAUNCHED may be the longest monosyllabic word in W3. Slightly shorter monosyllabic words are SCRATCHED, SCREECHED, SQUELCHED, STRAIGHTS, and STRENGTHS. Craig Rowland suggests SQUIRRELLED. He writes, "All dictionaries designate this word to be of two syllables, but frankly I don't know any Canadian who says it as any way but one." SET is the word with the longest entry in the OED and W3. In the OED2, the verb set has over 430 senses consisting of approximately 60,000 words. TARAMASALATA (a type of Greek salad) has an A for every other letter. OCONOMOWOC (a town in Wisconsin) has an O for every other letter. TATTARATTAT is the longest palindrome appearing in the OED2; KINNIKINNIK is the longest in W3. DETARTRATED is listed by Guinness, although it is described therein as "a contrived chemical term." REDIVIDER may be the longest palindrome in common use. WASSAMASSAW Road is located near Summerville, South Carolina. The Finnish word SAIPPUAKIVIKAUPPIAS (a soapstone seller) is the longest known palindrome in any language according to the Guinness Book of World Records. However, the Swedish word PORTUGALRALLARLAGUTROP (22 letters) is listed in Guinness, Swedish 1989 edition; the word, however, is not found in dictionaries. The northernmost palindrome is QAANAAQ (the administrative capital of Northern Greenland). SOS by ABBA was a hit recording with a palindromic title and artist. Ole ELO was apparently the first palindromic album title (by the Electric Light Orchestra). TAXI is spelled the same way in nine languages, according to Dixon: English, French, German, Swedish, Spanish, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch, and Portuguese. Jeff Volgyi reports it is also spelled the same way in Hungarian. However, Emerson Werneck says that in Portuguese, taxi is actually spelled t xi. He points out that SAUNA is spelled the same way in nine languages: Finnish, English, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Dutch, and Danish. THEREIN is a seven-letter word that contains eleven words spelled with consecutive letters: the, he, her, here, there, ere, rein, re, in, therein, and herein. SHADES contains hades, shade; ades, hade, shad; des, ade, had, sha; es, de, ad, ha, sh; S, E, D, A, H, all of which are in W3. ["Word Torture," by Ralph Beaman, Word Ways.] UNCOPYRIGHTABLE is the longest word in common use with no letter appearing more than once. Other such words are SUBDERMATOGLYPHIC (not found in any dictionary, but occurring in an article in Annals of Dermatology), MISCONJUGATEDLY, AMBIDEXTROUSLY, DERMATOGLYPHICS, SCHIZOTRYPANUM, VESICULOGRAPHY (these three are found in Stedman's electronic medical dictionary), BRICKLEHAMPTON (a village in Britain near Evesham), UNDISCOVERABLY, BENZHYDROXAMIC, HYDROMAGNETICS, HYDROPNEUMATIC, PSEUDOMYTHICAL, SULPHOGERMANIC. UNPROSPEROUSNESS is the longest word in which no letter occurs only once. UNUNUNIUM (provisional name for Element 111) is one of the few words with a sequence of letters three times in a row. Others are: the name LEKKERKERKER and Mohottiwatte GUNANANA (a Buddhist High Priest in the late 1800s) [Pierre Abbat]. UVULAPALATOPHARANGOPLASTY is the longest word that does not contain an E. E is the most frequently occurring letter in English (and French, Spanish, and German). Mark Smith reports the word refers to a surgical procedure for (most commonly) men with advanced sleep apnea, wherein the breathing passage is opened by removing the uvula, shortening the palate and removing the tonsils. Other long words lacking an E are HUMUHUMUNUKUNUKUAPUAAS, PHONOCARDIOGRAPHICALLY, PRORHIPIDOGLOSSOMORPHA, SUPRADIAPHRAGMATICALLY, and MACRACANTHORHYNCHIASIS. WACO and WARE are the only U. S. radio station call letters that exactly spelled the cities in which they were located (Waco, Texas, and Ware, Massachusetts). WHT in Deerfield, Illinois, and WGHF in New York were apparently the only radio call letters that exactly matched the owners' initials (Chicago Mayor William Hale Thompson and William G. H. Finch). Television station WRGB in Schenectady was named for GE executive Walter R. G. Baker. VOWELSThe shortest words with the five vowels in any order are SEQUOIA, EULOGIA, MIAOUED, ADOULIE, EUCOSIA, EUNOMIA, EUTOPIA, MOINEAU, and DOULEIA. DOULEIA is an alternate spelling of DULIA (a form of veneration of saints) which appears in W2. OISEAU (bird) is the shortest word in French with the five vowels [Andreas Parsch]. The shortest word with the vowels in alphabetical order is CAESIOUS (light blue), with eight letters. Some other such words are ACHEILOUS, ACHEIROUS, AEROBIOUS, ARSENIOUS, ARTERIOUS, AUTECIOUS, ABSTEMIOUS, ANNELIDOUS, and FACETIOUS. Pierre Abbat says ACEITOU (Portuguese for past tense of to accept) and ALEIJOU (Portuguese for past tense of paralyze) are the shortest words he knows in any language written in the Roman alphabet which have all five vowels in order. PANCREATICODUODENOSTOMY is the longest word with all six vowels in order. Gary Rosenberg says PSEUDOPSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM (which is in OED2) is the only word he knows of with all the vowels twice. Words consisting entirely of vowels include AA (a type of lava) IAO, OII, EUOUAE, OO, I, O, A, and IO, which is an interjection in Chambers in addition to being one of the moons of Jupiter. AIEA is a city in Hawaii. OO means "wool" (Scottish). The OED has the interjection AIEEE. Chambers has AI (thee three-toed sloth). The scientific name of the roseate spoonbill is AJAIA AJAIA (or AJAIA AJAJA); however, the J's would have been I's in the original Latin spelling, so that the words would consist entirely of vowels also. EA is a town in the Basque section of Spain. If Y is allowed, there are: AYE, AYU, EYE, IYO, EYEY, and YAYA (although I am not sure which of these Y's are vowels!). Words containing no vowels include Q.T. (as in "on the q.t.") and DJ, both of which appear in the main part of MWCD10 and not in the abbreviations section. Other such words include BRRRRR, ZZZ, NTH, SSSHHHHH, HMMMM, PHT, TSKTSK, YHWH, JHVH, MR., MRS., MS, GRR, PSST, and pH (measure of acidity/alkalinity). John Chew reports that OSPD has a seven-letter word with neither vowels nor semivowels: TSKTSKS, a verb, meaning "to say 'Tsk, tsk.'" SSSSSSS is the title of a 1973 movie. Bydd y cyllyll yn y cwpwrdd wrth y bwrdd (Welsh for "The knives will be in the cupboard by the table") does not use the vowels a, e, i, o, and u. The longest common word without an A, E, I, O, or U is RHYTHMS, but these additional words appear in W2: SYMPHYSY, NYMPHLY, GYPSYRY, GYPSYFY. The OED2 has TWYNDYLLYNG(S). Collins has POLYRHYTHM(S). And WPPWRMWSTE (in the OED) goes nine letters without an A, E, I, O, or U; GLYCYRRHIZIN (a constituent of licorice) goes eight letters without A, E, I, O, or U. (In all these words, "Y" is a vowel.) The longest word with one vowel is STRENGTHS. STRENGTHLESSNESS and DEFENSELESSNESS are the longest words with one vowel if allowed to repeat. Some shorter words with one vowel, allowed to repeat, are BEEKEEPER, RETELEMETERED, DEGENERESCENCE, TARAMASALATA (a type of Greek salad), OCONOMOWOC (a town in Wisconsin), ASARABACCA, MISSISSIPPI, and perhaps EYELETEERS (which is in OSW although I am unsure whether the Y is a vowel). EFFERVESCENCE has only one distinct vowel, and all the E's are evenly spaced. The word with the most consecutive vowels (six) is EUOUAE, which is in W2 but not W3. W2 defines EUOUAE as "A word formed from the vowels of seculorum amen, ending the Gloria Patri." Words with five consecutive vowels include QUEUEING (used in the mathematics term "queueing theory"), the interjection AIEEE, which is in the OED, and COOEEING. (COOEE or COOEY, a peculiar cry of the Australian aborigine, is in W1, W2, and W3. The word is also a verb and both W1 and W2 show the forms COOEEING and COOEEYING.) MIAOUED (past tense of what a cat does) has five consecutive vowels but this spelling is not generally found in dictionaries. The Dutch word KOEIEUIER (the udder of a cow) has seven vowels in a row. Gert Florijn says this word is "a well-known example in Dutch recreational linguistics. However, we had a spelling-reform last, and I'm not sure this one survived. It should have, anyway." The newer spelling of the word is KOEIENUIER. The Dutch word PAPEGAAIEEIEREN (an umlaut on the second e between the i's) (parrot eggs) also has seven vowels, although this word should now be spelled PAPEGAAIENEIEREN with the new rules. [Joost Gestel] STEWARDESSES i s the longest word in the English language that can be typed with one hand when typing properly (where left hand gets Q-T, A-G, Z-B). SCRABBLE WORDS According to Craig Rowland, Scrabble in North America recognizes five words which, if spelled over two triple-word score squares, and with a premium-scoring tile on the double-letter score square, will award the player 392 points on a single play. These five words are: OXAZEPAM, BEZIQUES, CAZIQUES, MEZQUITS, and MEZQUITE. John Chew says that OXYPHENBUTAZONE is the highest-scoring word known under American tournament Scrabble rules (OSPD+MWCD). It can score 1778 under suitably contrived circumstances listed and credited in the Scrabble FAQ. The highest-scoring opening plays are MUZJIKS (128) in OSPD and QUARTZY (126) or SQUEEZY (126) in OSW. Bruce D. Wilner says if we include eight-letter "bingos" that use all seven letters on one's rack plus a letter already on the board, then WHIZBANG, QUETZALS, and HIGHJACK score an incredible 374 points for a single play if the highest-point tile is on a light blue square and both the first and last letters are on red squares. QUIXOTIC and MUSQUASH are right behind, scoring 356 and 338, respectively. According to James Bartlett, the highest scoring word is QUARTZY, which will score 164 points if played across a red triple-word square with the Z on a light blue double-letter square. It will score 162 points if played across two pink double-word squares with the Q and the Y on those squares. BEZIQUE and CAZIQUE are next with a possible 161 points. All three words score an extra 50 points for having seven letters and therefore emptying the letter rack in one go. Other words yielding high scores are ZYXOMMA (which is not in OSPD) and POPQUIZ. QI (a life force in Chinese medicine) appears in Chambers. Barry Harridge says, "Its introduction threw the Scrabble world into a tailspin, with some players arguing that the Q should no longer be worth 10 points." Bruce D. Wilner says, "Not only do they allow QI in the U.K., they also allow ZO (a type of hornless cattle). This makes playing U. K. Scrabble much less of a strategic challenge than U. S. Scrabble, which features a host of "blocking tiles," i.e., tiles that cannot form 2-letter words and effectively block off opportunities for your opponent. John Chew reports the plural ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATES is the longest word in his electronic Scrabble lexicon. The Q without U words accepted in Scrabble are: QAT, QAID, QOPH, FAQIR, QANAT, TRANQ, QINDAR, QINTAR, QWERTY, SHEQEL, QINDARKA, and SHEQALIM. Jeff Miller W3 = Webster's Third New International Dictionary W2 = Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition RHUD2 = the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition OED2 = the Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition Chambers = The Chambers Dictionary MWCD10 = Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition OSPD = The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary OSW = Official Scrabble Words UKACD = U. K. Advanced Cryptics Dictionary Guinness = Guinness Book of World Records Dickson = Words or Dickson's Word Treasury or A Collector's Compendium of Rare and Unusual, Bold and Beautiful, Odd and Whimsical Names by Paul Dickson BTokyo Japan 27.2 Mexico City Mexico 16.9 Sao Paulo Brazil 16.8 New York USA 16.4 Bombay India 15.7 Shanghai China 13.7 Los Angeles USA 12.6 Calcutta India 12.1 Buenos Aires Argentina 11.9 Seoul Republic of Korea 11.8 Beijing China 11.4 Lagos Nigeria 10.9 Osaka Japan 10.6 Delhi India 10.3 Rio de Janeiro Brazil 10.3 Karachi Pakistan 10.1 Cairo Egypt 9.9 Metro Manila Philippines 9.6 Tianjin China 9.6 Paris France 9.6 (All pops in millions) {AYear Host Winner 1930 Uruguay Uruguay 1934 Italy Italy 1938 France Italy 1950 Brazil Uruguay 1954 Switzerland Germany 1958 Sweden Brazil 1962 Chile Brazil 1966 England England 1970 Mexico Brazil 1974 Germany Germany 1978 Argentina Argentina 1982 Spain Italy 1986 Mexico Argentina 1990 Italy Germany 1994 USA Brazil 1998 France France 2002 Japan/S Korea UN Secretaries General0 US Presidents0 US States0 ;PPLATO: justice, prudence, temperance, fortitude CHRISTIAN: faith, hope, charity Virtues0 Vitamins0 rCameroun Cotopaxi Fujiyama Hecla Mauna Loa Popacatapetl Mount St. Helens Stromboli Tristan de Cunha Vesuvius Volcanoesw Washing symbols0 Wind Chill Factors Wind speeds - Beaufort scale Wine storage; Colossus (Statue of Apollo) of Rhodes Hanging Gardens of Semiramis at Babylon Lighthouse on Pharos at Alexandria Tomb of King Mausolus of Caria at Halicarnassus Pyramid of King Cheops Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Diana (Artemis) at Ephesus Wonders of the World0 Word Trivia World cities World Cup hosts and winnersT