On Hand/On_Hand_From_Softbank_1994_Release_2_Disc_1_1994.iso/00228/s/dosutils/diskfix.hlp

Central Point Help | 1993-12-14 | 37KB | 1,774 lines

Help for DiskFix
Copyright 1993 Central Point Software, Inc.
access
activity
after
allocation
appears
available
before
being
block
cancel
cannot
central
characteristics|
character
choose
close
clusters
cluster
command
completed
computer
configure
contains
continue
current
cursor
customizing
custom
defective
defects
determine
determining
dialog
directory|
directory
diskFix|
diskFix
disks
disk|
disk|
displayed
drives
drive
emergency
enter
errors
error
example
files
finished
first
floppy
following
formatted
formatting
found
highlighted
information
integrity
interleave|
interleave
low-Level
low-level
marked
means
media
memory-Resident
memory-resident
memory
menu|
messages
message
multiple
number
optimum
options
option
order
original
other
partition
pattern
performance
physical
point
press
printer
problems
problem
process
programs
program
ratio
read/write
repair
report|
report
resetting
return
revitalize
scan/Revitalize
scan|
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sector|
sector
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select
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surface
symbols|
system
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table
testing
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GENERAL HELP
Index
Topics
GoBack
Print
Manuals
FZPSPT
PZNo
Bis not
topic.
fF4 to see a list
Btopics
XFor
Dabout DOS
fF9 and
the Advice
manual.
BTopics
Control
Control
Control
eapplications
fAlt+SPACE or click the
box. Some
applications
Aan extended
manipulating application
to display copyright and
Dfor
l. To
tto the
to display a
$box asking you to confirm
want to exit
?the
Double-click the
box to bypass the
Control
Rand exit
?the
BTopics
PSPT
BTopics
PZContents for
How to...
   Use
   Start
   Run
(on a DoubleSpace Volume
   Use
-Line
General Topics
   Glossary
   Index
   Advice
-Line
   Basic Skills
   Getting Technical Support
About Related PC
PZRelated PC
Applications
Pro is a comprehensive set of utilities. You might use the
Pro applications in addition to
&Maintenance makes it easy to search for, change, add,
   rename, delete, and move directories.
7Find lets you search for
a variety of
   search specifications for
you search for regularly, sort
6, view
6, set
7attributes, and copy, delete, or rename
  Install lets you install and
Pro on
   You
use it to create an
Bs you
   recover in case of a
/failure.
  Mirror
ws a copy of
area. If you use
   Mirror, you can use Unformat to recover apparently-erased
   restoring the
Dkept in the
(FAT), the
&, and the
record.
  PC-Cache is a
,-caching
speeds up
   by storing the
Vfrequently used
where it is
  SI (
DProfessional) provides
Dabout
@ware, operating
   and quantity, and
speed.
BTopics
(provides al
Vperfect
recovery
?even the
serious damage. As a preventive maintenance tool,
(can detect
and prevent potential
they occur.
(is a simple-to-use utility
can do the
h, including
ing (starting)
ing a
  Recover
chains, including directories
all their
  Thoroughly
zthe
!and damaged
   removing
?use and moving recoverable
   to a safe location
necessary.
  Detect potentially bad
they can cause a
Jformat
DOS is having trouble
oing or
   writing to (
)) --
destroying any
  Optimize
cby setting the
Veffective
G(the
is stored).
  Find viruses hidden in
areas (
Index
PZIndex
A - B
   About
   Advice
   Bits per
}(checking for viruses)
   CHKDSK
-Line
   Corrected
   Cross-linked
Encoding
   Decom
fion
DoubleSpace
dParameters
,Timing
   DoubleSpace
E - H
   Edit
   Exiting
   FDISK
   FORMAT
   FAT Analysis
7Find
   Glossary
,BIOS
BTopics
I - L
   Inter-
}Angle
   Log
M - O
P - R
   PC-Cache
sthe
u: Map Symbols
S - V
   SI (
   Starting
z: Map Symbols
,Timing
istics
U - Z
-Line
   Viruses
BTopics
PSPT
Glossary
PZGlossary
a term to see its definition. To
page,
   CHKDSK
   FDISK
(FAT)
   Format
Record)
}of all DOS
the basic
6and the short operating
startup
loads DOS
?the
,. The
needs in
write to the
,. If the
}is damaged, the
ing (Re
Restarting the
fing Ctrl+Alt+Del or turning the power
off and then on again.
you restart
, you load DOS and the
/rs in the
CONFIG.SYS
7, and execute the
s in the AUTOEXEC.BAT
,. If there is a
/A or the default
, DOS and
6are loaded
CHKDSK
PZCHKDSK
A DOS
lused to check the
Eof a
rs and can
psome common
Because
(can
CHKDSK
, we recommend
(instead of CHKDSK.
The smallest unit of
,space
can be allocated to a
7. The
size of a
varies according to
,size.
FDISK
PZFDISK
The DOS
used to create
as or examine
Don a
s of FDISK destroy all the
on the
you use FDISK to create a
a, make sure you
Aa recent
backup of the entire
(FAT)
A reserved area
DOS uses to keep
of all
on the
,. The FAT
Dabout
are assigned to
6, and marks bad
they
be used to
store
FORMAT
PZFORMAT
The DOS
prepares a
,for
storage. There are two
kinds of
,format:
Jformat
 Prepares the
of the
,to store
 by writing the addresses
indicate
 individual
High-level format
 Creates the
areas necessary for
 storage on a
you use PC Format or the DOS FORMAT
, you are high-level
you format a
,, you perform both a
high-level format and a
Jformat.
The area on a
is reserved for use by a particular
operating
. All
Aat least one
as can be used to divide a large
,into separate
logical
are assigned a
/letter, just like a separate
Dspecifying the
,location and length of
aon the
,is stored in the
has a
The top-level
&on a
9level of subdirectories on the
,. The
&can contain a limited
subdirectories. The
Yof entries depends on the
,. On a
,, for
5, the limit is 512 entries in the
The smallest unit of
,space
can be
oor written at a
The DOS
6required on the
,used to
These
6are usually hidden and
be seen
you use the DOS
. They are MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS (or IBMDOS.COM and
IBMBIO.COM for IBM
s). An
7some
s referred to as a
7is the DOS
interpreter, COMMAND.COM.
Starting
PZStarting
You can run
(at any
Abeen
installed on
,, or
?the
,or a
working copy, or
?the copy on
  To start
?the DOS
line,
DISKFIX and
(Warning
$box reminds you to unload
,-caching
`than PC-Cache,
uses delayed writing to
kand mouse
/rs are safe, but you
should unload
could
,during
OK, the
]you want to use.
Rhas the
buttons:
   Advice
one of the
s by clicking it or
fing the quick key
associated
 To exit
Exit or click the
   Starting
ever you
analyzes the DOS
and lets you
&, and subdirectories.
,, the
/, the
(begins a battery of
  If
(finds a
i, you can
pit by
   instructions in the
$boxes
appear.
pthe
(, you
any corrections are
   made. The
Dlets you restore the
,to its
   un
ped condition if the
ps are not what you expect.
and any
ps are
, you can send the
rto the
wit as a
ever you experience
oor write
3and
as a preventive maintenance tool.
zs the
looking for
!in the
oing and writing back all the
on the
{are
Kin the
so they can no
longer be used to store
in bad
{can be
ped in
many cases.
necessary, the recovered
is moved to a good
z, the
  If you
/, the
$box
so you can
   apply.
](or
/), the
/map
(begins
   to
of the
zning and
ping is
8, or if you
   ope
mn, you can send the
zlog
rto the
wit as a
Do not use
,unless
/has recurring
write
h. If
is the case, you can use
]to try to
correct the
(performs a non-destructive
Jformat of the
/. During
attempts to
o, write, and
pall the
on the
/. In
addition, it allows you to change the
Gof the
,(the
is stored) for
X:  Some
<except by the
 manufacturer.
ZRLL and MFM
.can be
ud; IDE
any of the configu
\and
displaying the
R. Leave
 always know
basic
is intact
 proceeding to
(activities.
Check
}for the presence of viruses
for Viruses
 prior to any
. Leave
 Requires
Use BIOS
(attempts to use an alternative
ztechnique
is often
Ueffective
 in recovering
 Unfortunately, BIOS-level
be used on
@ware caches, translating
 controllers (ESDI, SCSI, and IDE) or device
 such as
,Manager and SpeedStor.
(usually detects such incompatible
 and automatically changes to the default
zmethod. If it does not detect an uncompatible
, and
the BIOS-level
zcauses
h, de
4 Allows you to substitute a single
ized
 for all
S. No
ps will be
 possible until you turn
]off and rerun
Enable Manual Fix
(finds an
]allows you
 to use
,Edit to
pthe
self or
pit automatically. Do not
]unless you are confident about editing
Dat the byte level.
PSPT
p, you must
wd the
Don an alternate
,(the
/) the
ped an
p, the
$box
/where you
wd the
(restores the
,to its un
ped state, as recorded on
   the "
If you
wd the
Don a
,, insert the
Advice
PZAdvice
Advice describes general
,- and
7-related
hyou may
encounter while
, including
generated by DOS and CHKDSK. Many of these
hcan be solved by
eutilities.
Thas an advice entry describing probable
causes and solutions. You can
refer to
Dabout the
eutilities recommended for solving these
X:  We strongly recommend
you use
(instead of CHKDSK
 to analyze and
,-related
h, because
in situations where CHKDSK might destroy it.
Unload
you use
(. These
kinclude the DOS
s FASTOPEN, SUBST,
APPEND, and JOIN.
kare safe to use, but they might
(needs. If you get the "Not Enough
T, unload some
kand try
(again.
 WARNING
You must unload
,-caching
`than PC-Cache
you use
To remove a
P, restart
,, or unload the
P, if
possible.
You can
KILL and the
lname to unload many
Starting
/to analyze or
pand
OK to
tto the
the name of the
running. The Path box
you the name of the
analyzed.
  To see a
rof any
3and actions performed,
  To
tto the
generating a
Skip.
Although individual categories of
and results are
-in the
and included in the
is a much-simplified representation of the
analysis. For
3in the
(FAT) are not completely fixed until any
fixed and vice versa.
 Checks
Dneeded by DOS to
correctly.
both copies of the FAT are
oable.
FAT Comparison
both copies of the FAT are identical.
 If differences are
(uses the FAT
ly resembles the
stored on the
MDescriptors
Mdescriptor bytes in both
 FATs are correct for
/. The
 descriptor identifies the
 Checks for invalid entries in the FAT.
Analysis
 completes
, both FATs are identical and
 contain
ZDOS-accep
values.
     Checks every entry in every
&on the
Structure
     for any kind of damage, such as illegal
7names
7sizes, or
Cross-linked
 Looks for
Abeen allocated the same
 storage space according to the FAT.
(tries to
belong to
can take several minutes.
 Looks for
Kas "in use" in the FAT
 but not allocated to any
7in the
 structure.
(has
Kas "in use" in the
(FAT) but are not assigned to any
7. DOS
othe
in a
and it is not
to store
whether to
w, delete, or ignore
as PCT
n.FIX
6in the
&. You can examine the recovered
and rename them by
7Find.
 If the
was a
&, choosing
 restores the entire
&and all its
 the sub
&LOST
n.SUB in the
&). All the
7names are intact.
&Maintenance to rename the
&to its
_name and path.
Delete
 Deletes
Delete
Zif you are
 certain you don't need any of the
might be
 in them.
Ignore
 Leaves
as they are, allocated but
(asks if you want a
r. The
rincludes a description of any
3and actions
taken.
If you
OK, a
$box asks where you want the
rto go.
  If you
g, the
rgoes to the LPT1
  If you
7, the default
7is DISKFIX.RPT, located
   in the
&. You can
2a different
7path and
   name.
tto the
generating
   a
(, you can
to copy the state of the
any corrections are made.
If you do not
Dthe
you make a
you do not get an
`chance to
Although you can
Don any
/except the
ped, it is best to
wit on a
X:  You use the
Dto restore the
,to its
ped condition if the results of the
pare not what
 you expect. If you do not
D, you
/and
OK to
wthe
making
p. If you
, the
pbegins im
Mtely.
(begins
,, it
displays a graphic representation or map of the
/. As the
progresses, the
/map fills
symbols
show the status of
0map
Status box
the name of the task
    performed, the
operated on, and the percent of the
Legend box
 Identifies the
/map symbols and tells you
 how many
s are represented by
0symbol.
X:  If you
wd and you
 can print the log
xSymbols
sthe
xSymbols
xSymbols
on the
a symbol
represents the
or the result of
previous
(finds
3in one map
, it displays
the symbol for the
Vserious
4. All
3are shown in the
has not yet been
aSpace
?or written to.
o/Write
defect has been
>in an area
Relocating
 in use. The affected
    moved to a safe
 location and the
containing the
{are
Kas bad in the
to prevent future use.
bs are
    applied to
s in
^to check for a deeper
 level of
Mdamage than
<(and the
Greset if requested).(
4was
>. Check the
 log
rto see what
6, if any, are
 affected. A capital "U"
Lthe
}is in
 use and the
4probably
 damaged; a lowercase "u"
Lthe
}is not in
 use.
{are
Kbad and
 moved to a good
4was
>and corrected. You do not
Correc
 need to do anything
U. A capital "C"
}is in use; a lowercase "c"
Lthe
 is not in use.
{are
Kbad and
is moved to a good
1 - 9
!were
>in an unused
!  does not contain any
; the
}has been
Kas bad. You do not need to do anything
 The
-in the
("1" through "9")
 is the
>. A "9"
Lnine or
!. Check the log
rfor details.
area of the
at least one
Kas bad.
3were
area.
Uthan one
4occurs
in a
on the map,
displays the symbol
represents the
Vserious defect ("1" is
Vserious):
   1  U
4in a
}in use.
   2  C
 Corrected
4in a
}in use.
   3  1 - 9
!in an unused
   4  u
4in an unused
   5  c
 Corrected
4in an unused
   6  X
 Bad
Kas bad in the FAT).
X:  Make sure you send a log
rto either
gor a
7. Examine the
rto find out if any defect
`than
 the one
-was
>in a
xSymbols
can take a very long
. The larger the
/is, the
longer it takes.
If you are
zfor regular preventive maintenance,
o/Write
Z-No
]. Use a
/is experiencing
oor write
3. Always try Minimum
If you are
,because
/has recurring
Minimum
o/Write
os and writes all the
on the
ping correc
3in the
 Any
>are
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and their
is moved to a
 good
}. The
is realigned
 heads as it is rewritten to the
,. Realigning
corrects "
drift,"
makes
oover
Minimum
os and writes 20
bs to the
^to spot
Vflaws not detec
alone. Start
 you are experiencing
Average
os and writes 40
bs to the
takes
than the Minimum
], but is
Uthorough.
Maximum
os and writes 80
bs to the
]if you
Atried
\and
3persist.
sthe
xSymbols
PZLog
zs or
us and
,, it logs
in a log
zning or revitalizing is
8, or if you
(asks if you'd like a log
The log includes a description of
, what
!were
and how they were
3are
an uppercase U on the
map and details are listed in the log
8, look up any
3in the log
rto see
what
6are affected.
Bs you decide what to do about the damaged
6. For
5, if an execu
you might damage
,further if you run the
l. You should
reinstall
?its
  If you want a
OK. Then
7.  To
tto the
getting a
   Skip or
  If you
g, the log
rgoes to the LPT1
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7, the default log
7is DISKFIX.LOG,
   located in the
&. You can
2a different path and
7name.
xSymbols
to make sure there are no
could
prevent it
?successfully revitalizing the
,. If you are
revitalizing a
,, the
,Timing
istics
. For a
is the
Zset of
needs to be performed.
The Completion Status bar
the percent of
OK to
tto the main
  To display the
/map and begin
  To stop the
is complete, and
tto the
fEsc.
  To stop the
is complete, and
tto the
fEsc.
aMapping
/is a valid DOS
 Ensures
Pneeded to perform the
is working correctly.
Controller
,controller works.
Controller RAM
Eof the
,controller's
 on-board random
 Makes sure the
r chip is reliable.
Active Caching
 Checks to see if there is a
@ware or software
 cache still active.
,Timing
istics
,-Timing
istics
Because
)are
Ucomplex than
(needs to
"the
,-timing
istics of a
it properly. The average results of
are shown in
milliseconds.
The graphic display at the bottom on the
represents a spinning
/. To let you know
(is working and
still active, it
the heads as they move across the
,while
(performs
The Completion Status bar
what percent of
is complete.
8and the
dParameters
  To stop the
is complete, and
tto the
fEsc.
it takes to move the head
to the next.
Full Stroke
it takes to move the head
9to the last
Random Seek
"s the average
it takes to move the
 head
?one
to an
`randomly
is some
s called "
If you want to know how
,timing compares to
s, use PC
D(SI).
dParameters
dParameters
(analyzes
dparameters to get
needs to perform a non-destructive
Jformat of a
during the
,revitalization.
The Completion Status bar
percent of
analysis.
X:  Some
<except by the
 manufacturer.
ZRLL and MFM
.can be
ud; IDE
  To proceed
the revitalization,
  To stop the
is complete, and
tto the
fEsc.
     The
s per minute the
,revolves
 under the
/heads.
Inter-
 The
dangle of a single
Angle
 occupy wedge-shaped sections of the
Bits per
 The
bits
Encoding
 The scheme the controller uses for magnetic encoding
on the
of the
,BIOS
 The address of the firmware
es the
 The
m. For
5, "3" indicates a
 3:1
/heads
 write every third
}as the
,spins.
Transfer
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,revolutions needed to
 write one
Maximum
Rate The maximum
Yof bits per second
can be
oor written
,Timing
istics
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=rewrites
}address markers on
interfering
}address
markers can grow weak over
and cause
3. By
rewriting those markers,
,allows you to
confidence.
X:  Some
<except by the
 manufacturer.
ZRLL and MFM
.can be
ud; IDE
the entire preliminary
(knows
whether
,can be
<. If it can be,
analyzes the
Gand lets you reset the
maximum
sthe
dParameters
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sthe
sthe
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,are
mof 3:1, every third
oas the
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"the
G.  A graph
you the
cimplications of
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m, highlight one of the listed
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, leave
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{on the
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o. Some
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?the
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,as fast as the
,revolves. For
the second
}passes under the
nheads, the
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{are
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{one
dsequence around
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m, some
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es. For
mof 3:1,
os a
}, skips two
{, and
os the third (1 -
- 2 - - 3, and so on).
a 3:1
G, the
,must spin three
{can be
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mis set too low or too high,
jed as quickly as possible.
  If the
Gis too low, or
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jthe next
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nheads and will
Ato wait for an extra
   revolution.
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Gis too high, the
oy to
   next
}, but has to wait until it
in the
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(can
"the fas
Gfor
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sthe
Vnewer
)and controllers use technology
provides for maximum
c. These
<except by the manufacturer.
If preliminary
show
(does not let you
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tto the
(tells you it
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ized
   1.
?the
   2.
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   3. In the Edit
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 you want
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(finds a
   4.
Treplaces all standard
if the Use
~in the
$box.
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wd, the
Tcan be edited or re-
~later.
X:  If Use
(does not make
 any
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Zanalyzes
Edit
PZEdit
  To edit
, change the
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$box.
   Editing functions are described below.
fthe Tab key to activate the OK button and then
   click OK. The new
Twill replace standard
   if the Use
~in the
$box.
;editing functions are
Insert Key
 Toggles between Overwrite and Insert modes. The
 default is Overwrite.
 In Overwrite mode, any
replaces
 the
. The
 blinking line underneath the
 In Insert mode, any
is inserted
 into the
, moving the
 space to the right. The
as blinking
 rectangle over the
Arrow Keys
 Moves the
up or down a line or one
 to the right or left.
Home Key
 Moves the
to the beginning of the line.
End Key
 Moves the
to the end of the line.
Delete Key
 Deletes the
at the
Backspace Key
 Deletes the
to the left of the
Exit
PZExit
Use the
$box to verify
you want to
  To leave
(and
tto the DOS prompt,
  To
If you
in the
/map
, you may either stop the
jcompletely and
tto the
R, or
a pause.
  To
you stop it temporarily,
  To stop the
jcompletely and
tto the
again.
No matter
, the results to
eare
wd. Print
the log
ras a record of
Analysis Interruption
PZAnalysis Interruption
If you
fEsc during
,preliminary
, the
jis interrupted as soon as the
. You
tto the
The PC
Install
lwill create an
is an invaluable tool in these
1situations.
ing clean" to resolve TSR conflicts and
`startup
h. No device
/rs or
kare loaded.
you can't
  Restoring damaged
s and
  Restoring
HCMOS
includes the
Yand
   of
.the
   About Related PC
2Execution Password
2Execution Password
You must
2a password in
^to run
Passwords are set in PC Config. You
set or change
password
DoubleSpace Volumes
PZRunning
(on DoubleSpace
(can
DoubleSpace volumes.
What is a DoubleSpace volume?
A DoubleSpace volume is a very large, com
fed DOS
managed by DoubleSpace as if it were a
/. Because the volume
is really a
7, it does not occupy
Kbad in
the underlying
/'s FAT, although occasionally
become
corrupt
is written to them.
If the
/you
(analysis is a DoubleSpace
$box asks if you want to use
(to analyze and
underlying
  To analyze
Zthe DoubleSpace
Skip.
  To analyze the underlying
Analyze Host.
should you run the decom
fion
Run the
if you are experiencing
3on the DoubleSpace
volume.
Vcommon cause of
3on DoubleSpace volumes is corrupt
in a
. Com
is extremely sensitive. If a single
is corrupted, no
in the
can be
by decom
fing it. Because the
decom
fion
takes a few minutes, you might skip it if you do not
suspect DoubleSpace
What happens if
(finds corrupt
in a
decom
in a
, it displays a
box showing the corrupted
Yand associated
7name.
(can remove the corrupted
the rest of the
can be recovered into a usable
one missing
$box asks you to
to remove the corrupted
or leave
If you do not run the decom
fion
, you can still run
the DoubleSpace volume. If
(finds any
3, a
describes the
4and lets you
pthe
4or leave
PSPT#
Run DoubleSpace Decom
fion
PZRun DoubleSpace Decom
fion
(can run the DoubleSpace decom
fion
to make sure
6are uncorrupted.
The decom
fion
takes a few minutes to run. If you
Anot had
3(the Retry
Abort
T) on
DoubleSpace
volume, you can skip the
If you
Agotten a
you tried to open a
DoubleSpace volume, run
. Some of the
might be
corrupted.
(runs the decom
fion
to find out
contain
corrupted
. Then it displays a
$box
lets you
remove the corrupt
creates a usable
missing
or to leave the
in place.
  To
(run the decom
fion
on the DoubleSpace
   volume,
  To
to analyze the DoubleSpace volume
running the
   decom
fion
Skip
   DoubleSpace
PSPT'
DoubleSpace Decom
fion
Failure
PZDoubleSpace Decom
fion
Failure
(has
>corrupt
in a
DoubleSpace volume.
$box lists the
Yof the
corrupt
and the name of the affected
one of these
Remove
 Removes the corrupt
, leaving a usable
 missing
. Displays
$box for
 containing corrupt
Remove all
 Removes corrupt
and all subsequent
displaying the
$box again.
 Leaves the corrupt
in the
. The entire
 is unusable.
Skip all
 Leaves corrupt
and all subsequent
displaying the
$box again.
X  If you
Remove All or Skip All you will not see the names
 of all
contain corrupt
. If you
 display
$box for all
6, you can make a note of
 the damaged
6and perform an appropriate correction later.
   DoubleSpace
DoubleSpace Volume
PZDoubleSpace Volume
(has
DoubleSpace volume.
  To
pthe
  To leave the
,as it is,
Skip.
   DoubleSpace
-Line
-Line
2these
you start
?the DOS
line or
a batch
[d:...]
 The
.to analyze
/TEST
]. Separate
 letters
spaces. The
/is the default.
General Parameters
/TEST
the specified
/for
making
/SCAN
     Performs
zon the specified
 Displays
line
/VIDEO
 Displays
line
Bfor video/mouse parameters.
rParameters
7name
rs results to "
7name", and overwrites the
 it exists.
7name
rs results to "
7name", and appends to the
 it exists.
Special-Purpose
/HCACHE
 Use if you
@Cache card installed.
/HCARD
 Use if you
@Card card installed.
/CMOS
     Recreates corrupted CMOS
/LIST
     Displays
/REBUILD
 Rebuilds
Dunconditionally.
/SCHED
 Use for unattended analysis
the Scheduler.
BTopics