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GNU Info File  |  1993-06-14  |  14KB  |  899 lines
  1. This is Info file elisp, produced by Makeinfo-1.47 from the input file
  2. elisp.texi.
  3.    This file documents GNU Emacs Lisp.
  4.    This is edition 1.03 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, for
  5. Emacs Version 18.
  6.    Published by the Free Software Foundation, 675 Massachusetts Avenue,
  7. Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
  8.    Copyright (C) 1990 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  9.    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
  10. manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
  11. preserved on all copies.
  12.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
  13. this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
  14. the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
  15. permission notice identical to this one.
  16.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
  17. manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
  18. versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
  19. translation approved by the Foundation.
  20. Indirect:
  21. elisp.i01: 1021
  22. elisp.i02: 50965
  23. elisp.i03: 100946
  24. elisp.i04: 150711
  25. elisp.i05: 200480
  26. elisp.i06: 250133
  27. elisp.i07: 298769
  28. elisp.i08: 348045
  29. elisp.i09: 391544
  30. elisp.i10: 438954
  31. elisp.i11: 488798
  32. elisp.i12: 538139
  33. elisp.i13: 587918
  34. elisp.i14: 637844
  35. elisp.i15: 686774
  36. elisp.i16: 735226
  37. elisp.i17: 782164
  38. elisp.i18: 831951
  39. elisp.i19: 881724
  40. elisp.i20: 931648
  41. elisp.i21: 980735
  42. elisp.i22: 1030324
  43. elisp.i23: 1078752
  44. elisp.i24: 1108558
  45. Tag Table:
  46. (Indirect)
  47. Node: Top
  48. Node: License
  49. 34409
  50. Node: Introduction
  51. 42410
  52. Node: Caveats
  53. 43986
  54. Node: Lisp History
  55. 45661
  56. Node: Conventions
  57. 46918
  58. Node: Some Terms
  59. 47726
  60. Node: nil and t
  61. 48439
  62. Node: Evaluation Notation
  63. 50112
  64. Node: Printing Notation
  65. 50967
  66. Node: Error Messages
  67. 51871
  68. Node: Buffer Text Notation
  69. 52310
  70. Node: Format of Descriptions
  71. 53195
  72. Node: A Sample Function Description
  73. 53792
  74. Node: A Sample Variable Description
  75. 57809
  76. Node: Acknowledgements
  77. 58716
  78. Node: Types of Lisp Object
  79. 59761
  80. Node: Printed Representation
  81. 62039
  82. Node: Comments
  83. 64109
  84. Node: Programming Types
  85. 67125
  86. Node: Number Type
  87. 68553
  88. Node: Character Type
  89. 69534
  90. Node: Sequence Type
  91. 74419
  92. Node: List Type
  93. 75590
  94. Node: Dotted Pair Notation
  95. 79910
  96. Node: Association List Type
  97. 82084
  98. Node: Array Type
  99. 82967
  100. Node: String Type
  101. 84248
  102. Node: Vector Type
  103. 86208
  104. Node: Symbol Type
  105. 86969
  106. Node: Lisp Function Type
  107. 89640
  108. Node: Lisp Macro Type
  109. 90774
  110. Node: Primitive Function Type
  111. 91483
  112. Node: Autoload Type
  113. 92987
  114. Node: Editing Types
  115. 93935
  116. Node: Buffer Type
  117. 94699
  118. Node: Window Type
  119. 96499
  120. Node: Window Configuration Type
  121. 97584
  122. Node: Marker Type
  123. 98128
  124. Node: Process Type
  125. 98895
  126. Node: Stream Type
  127. 99821
  128. Node: Keymap Type
  129. 100948
  130. Node: Syntax Table Type
  131. 101521
  132. Node: Type Predicates
  133. 102444
  134. Node: Equality Predicates
  135. 104775
  136. Node: Numbers
  137. 107690
  138. Node: Number Basics
  139. 108756
  140. Node: Predicates on Numbers
  141. 111135
  142. Node: Comparison of Numbers
  143. 112520
  144. Node: Arithmetic Operations
  145. 114796
  146. Node: Bitwise Operations
  147. 118495
  148. Node: Random Numbers
  149. 127847
  150. Node: Strings and Characters
  151. 129360
  152. Node: Intro to Strings
  153. 130400
  154. Node: Predicates for Strings
  155. 131932
  156. Node: Creating Strings
  157. 132490
  158. Node: Text Comparison
  159. 136867
  160. Node: String Conversion
  161. 139445
  162. Node: Formatting Strings
  163. 142497
  164. Node: Character Case
  165. 147846
  166. Node: Lists
  167. 150713
  168. Node: Cons Cells
  169. 151667
  170. Node: Lists as Boxes
  171. 152809
  172. Node: List-related Predicates
  173. 155481
  174. Node: List Elements
  175. 157178
  176. Node: Building Lists
  177. 160206
  178. Node: Modifying Lists
  179. 165499
  180. Node: Setcar
  181. 166304
  182. Node: Setcdr
  183. 168746
  184. Node: Rearrangement
  185. 171311
  186. Node: Sets And Lists
  187. 176957
  188. Node: Association Lists
  189. 179614
  190. Node: Sequences Arrays Vectors
  191. 186372
  192. Node: Sequence Functions
  193. 188490
  194. Node: Arrays
  195. 191498
  196. Node: Array Functions
  197. 193590
  198. Node: Vectors
  199. 195775
  200. Node: Symbols
  201. 199477
  202. Node: Symbol Components
  203. 200482
  204. Node: Definitions
  205. 204666
  206. Node: Creating Symbols
  207. 206826
  208. Node: Property Lists
  209. 212501
  210. Node: Evaluation
  211. 216650
  212. Node: Intro Eval
  213. 217468
  214. Node: Eval
  215. 220837
  216. Node: Forms
  217. 224861
  218. Node: Self-Evaluating Forms
  219. 225893
  220. Node: Symbol Forms
  221. 227418
  222. Node: Classifying Lists
  223. 228268
  224. Node: Function Forms
  225. 231143
  226. Node: Macro Forms
  227. 232112
  228. Node: Special Forms
  229. 233451
  230. Node: Autoloading
  231. 235748
  232. Node: Quoting
  233. 236209
  234. Node: Control Structures
  235. 237464
  236. Node: Sequencing
  237. 238964
  238. Node: Conditionals
  239. 241791
  240. Node: Combining Conditions
  241. 245191
  242. Node: Iteration
  243. 248472
  244. Node: Nonlocal Exits
  245. 250135
  246. Node: Catch and Throw
  247. 250747
  248. Node: Examples of Catch
  249. 254554
  250. Node: Errors
  251. 256573
  252. Node: Signaling Errors
  253. 258025
  254. Node: Processing of Errors
  255. 260924
  256. Node: Handling Errors
  257. 262266
  258. Node: Error Names
  259. 268832
  260. Node: Cleanups
  261. 272123
  262. Node: Variables
  263. 275166
  264. Node: Global Variables
  265. 276882
  266. Node: Constant Variables
  267. 277992
  268. Node: Local Variables
  269. 278508
  270. Node: Void Variables
  271. 283143
  272. Node: Defining Variables
  273. 286649
  274. Node: Accessing Variables
  275. 292657
  276. Node: Setting Variables
  277. 294071
  278. Node: Variable Scoping
  279. 297190
  280. Node: Scope
  281. 298771
  282. Node: Extent
  283. 300311
  284. Node: Impl of Scope
  285. 301593
  286. Node: Using Scoping
  287. 303569
  288. Node: Buffer-Local Variables
  289. 304785
  290. Node: Intro to Buffer-Local
  291. 305587
  292. Node: Creating Buffer-Local
  293. 309201
  294. Node: Default Value
  295. 312674
  296. Node: Functions
  297. 315347
  298. Node: What Is a Function
  299. 316357
  300. Node: Lambda Expressions
  301. 319915
  302. Node: Lambda Components
  303. 320621
  304. Node: Simple Lambda
  305. 322439
  306. Node: Argument List
  307. 324086
  308. Node: Function Documentation
  309. 327792
  310. Node: Function Names
  311. 329736
  312. Node: Defining Functions
  313. 332163
  314. Node: Calling Functions
  315. 334350
  316. Node: Mapping Functions
  317. 338093
  318. Node: Anonymous Functions
  319. 340479
  320. Node: Function Cells
  321. 343689
  322. Node: Related Topics
  323. 348047
  324. Node: Macros
  325. 348905
  326. Node: Simple Macro
  327. 350008
  328. Node: Expansion
  329. 350753
  330. Node: Compiling Macros
  331. 353523
  332. Node: Defining Macros
  333. 355092
  334. Node: Backquote
  335. 356410
  336. Node: Problems with Macros
  337. 359946
  338. Node: Argument Evaluation
  339. 360680
  340. Node: Surprising Local Vars
  341. 363270
  342. Node: Eval During Expansion
  343. 365407
  344. Node: Repeated Expansion
  345. 366630
  346. Node: Loading
  347. 368262
  348. Node: How Programs Do Loading
  349. 369788
  350. Node: Autoload
  351. 374662
  352. Node: Repeated Loading
  353. 378782
  354. Node: Features
  355. 380545
  356. Node: Byte Compilation
  357. 385001
  358. Node: Compilation Functions
  359. 385996
  360. Node: Disassembly
  361. 391546
  362. Node: Debugging
  363. 399142
  364. Node: Debugger
  365. 400442
  366. Node: Error Debugging
  367. 401605
  368. Node: Infinite Loops
  369. 402611
  370. Node: Function Debugging
  371. 404380
  372. Node: Explicit Debug
  373. 406995
  374. Node: Using Debugger
  375. 407730
  376. Node: Debugger Commands
  377. 409630
  378. Node: Invoking the Debugger
  379. 413043
  380. Node: Internals of Debugger
  381. 417185
  382. Node: Syntax Errors
  383. 421098
  384. Node: Excess Open
  385. 422211
  386. Node: Excess Close
  387. 423995
  388. Node: Compilation Errors
  389. 425158
  390. Node: Streams
  391. 426257
  392. Node: Streams Intro
  393. 427147
  394. Node: Input Streams
  395. 429013
  396. Node: Input Functions
  397. 433311
  398. Node: Output Streams
  399. 435316
  400. Node: Output Functions
  401. 438956
  402. Node: Minibuffers
  403. 443854
  404. Node: Intro to Minibuffers
  405. 444761
  406. Node: Text from Minibuffer
  407. 446831
  408. Node: Object from Minibuffer
  409. 451553
  410. Node: Completion
  411. 454793
  412. Node: Basic Completion
  413. 456823
  414. Node: Programmed Completion
  415. 461389
  416. Node: Minibuffer Completion
  417. 463106
  418. Node: Completion Commands
  419. 465955
  420. Node: High-Level Completion
  421. 470202
  422. Node: Reading File Names
  423. 473852
  424. Node: Lisp Symbol Completion
  425. 476851
  426. Node: Yes-or-No Queries
  427. 478677
  428. Node: Minibuffer Misc
  429. 482762
  430. Node: Command Loop
  431. 484860
  432. Node: Command Overview
  433. 486092
  434. Node: Defining Commands
  435. 488058
  436. Node: Using Interactive
  437. 488800
  438. Node: Interactive Codes
  439. 491428
  440. Node: Interactive Examples
  441. 495899
  442. Node: Interactive Call
  443. 497257
  444. Node: Command Loop Info
  445. 502308
  446. Node: Keyboard Input
  447. 505076
  448. Node: Quitting
  449. 511090
  450. Node: Prefix Command Arguments
  451. 515497
  452. Node: Recursive Editing
  453. 520388
  454. Node: Disabling Commands
  455. 525158
  456. Node: Command History
  457. 527070
  458. Node: Keyboard Macros
  459. 528725
  460. Node: Keymaps
  461. 530834
  462. Node: Keymap Terms
  463. 532041
  464. Node: Creating Keymaps
  465. 534693
  466. Node: Key Lookup
  467. 538141
  468. Node: Functions for Key Lookup
  469. 542957
  470. Node: Prefix Keys
  471. 545875
  472. Node: Global and Local Keymaps
  473. 549135
  474. Node: Changing Key Bindings
  475. 553108
  476. Node: Key Binding Commands
  477. 559800
  478. Node: Scanning Keymaps
  479. 561384
  480. Node: Modes
  481. 565108
  482. Node: Major Modes
  483. 566062
  484. Node: Major Mode Conventions
  485. 568838
  486. Node: Example Major Modes
  487. 573702
  488. Node: Auto Major Mode
  489. 581803
  490. Node: Mode Help
  491. 586857
  492. Node: Minor Modes
  493. 587920
  494. Node: Minor Mode Conventions
  495. 589346
  496. Node: Limits of Minor Modes
  497. 592063
  498. Node: Mode Line Format
  499. 593691
  500. Node: Mode Line Data
  501. 595364
  502. Node: Mode Line Variables
  503. 599413
  504. Node: %-Constructs
  505. 603380
  506. Node: Hooks
  507. 604959
  508. Node: Documentation
  509. 609116
  510. Node: Documentation Basics
  511. 610468
  512. Node: Accessing Documentation
  513. 613275
  514. Node: Keys in Documentation
  515. 618658
  516. Node: Describing Characters
  517. 621130
  518. Node: Help Functions
  519. 623039
  520. Node: Files
  521. 628477
  522. Node: Visiting Files
  523. 629616
  524. Node: Visiting Functions
  525. 631128
  526. Node: Subroutines of Visiting
  527. 635983
  528. Node: Saving Buffers
  529. 637846
  530. Node: Reading from Files
  531. 643283
  532. Node: Writing to Files
  533. 644624
  534. Node: File Locks
  535. 646420
  536. Node: Information about Files
  537. 649502
  538. Node: Testing Accessibility
  539. 650528
  540. Node: Kinds of Files
  541. 653103
  542. Node: File Attributes
  543. 654505
  544. Node: Contents of Directories
  545. 659130
  546. Node: Changing File Attributes
  547. 661594
  548. Node: File Names
  549. 665907
  550. Node: File Name Components
  551. 667313
  552. Node: Directory Names
  553. 669843
  554. Node: Relative File Names
  555. 671820
  556. Node: File Name Expansion
  557. 672956
  558. Node: Unique File Names
  559. 676596
  560. Node: File Name Completion
  561. 677769
  562. Node: Backups and Auto-Saving
  563. 680390
  564. Node: Backup Files
  565. 681057
  566. Node: Making Backups
  567. 682475
  568. Node: Rename or Copy
  569. 683850
  570. Node: Numbered Backups
  571. 686776
  572. Node: Backup Names
  573. 688886
  574. Node: Auto-Saving
  575. 691744
  576. Node: Reverting
  577. 697871
  578. Node: Buffers
  579. 700795
  580. Node: Buffer Basics
  581. 702124
  582. Node: Buffer Names
  583. 704191
  584. Node: Buffer File Name
  585. 706494
  586. Node: Buffer Modification
  587. 709422
  588. Node: Modification Time
  589. 711282
  590. Node: Read Only Buffers
  591. 713730
  592. Node: The Buffer List
  593. 715576
  594. Node: Creating Buffers
  595. 718462
  596. Node: Killing Buffers
  597. 720336
  598. Node: Current Buffer
  599. 722351
  600. Node: Windows
  601. 725948
  602. Node: Basic Windows
  603. 727294
  604. Node: Splitting Windows
  605. 730382
  606. Node: Deleting Windows
  607. 735228
  608. Node: Selecting Windows
  609. 737058
  610. Node: Cyclic Window Ordering
  611. 738879
  612. Node: Buffers and Windows
  613. 741646
  614. Node: Displaying Buffers
  615. 743450
  616. Node: Window Point
  617. 748986
  618. Node: Window Start
  619. 751008
  620. Node: Vertical Scrolling
  621. 754593
  622. Node: Horizontal Scrolling
  623. 760251
  624. Node: Size of Window
  625. 763668
  626. Node: Resizing Windows
  627. 767163
  628. Node: Window Configurations
  629. 770393
  630. Node: Positions
  631. 772848
  632. Node: Point
  633. 773775
  634. Node: Motion
  635. 776580
  636. Node: Character Motion
  637. 777431
  638. Node: Word Motion
  639. 779613
  640. Node: Buffer End Motion
  641. 780687
  642. Node: Text Lines
  643. 782166
  644. Node: Screen Lines
  645. 786365
  646. Node: Vertical Motion
  647. 788841
  648. Node: List Motion
  649. 791008
  650. Node: Skipping Characters
  651. 792937
  652. Node: Excursions
  653. 795064
  654. Node: Narrowing
  655. 797311
  656. Node: Markers
  657. 802049
  658. Node: Overview of Markers
  659. 802944
  660. Node: Predicates on Markers
  661. 806066
  662. Node: Creating Markers
  663. 806797
  664. Node: Information from Markers
  665. 809875
  666. Node: Changing Markers
  667. 810967
  668. Node: The Mark
  669. 812336
  670. Node: The Region
  671. 817662
  672. Node: Text
  673. 818793
  674. Node: Near Point
  675. 821038
  676. Node: Buffer Contents
  677. 823657
  678. Node: Insertion
  679. 825192
  680. Node: Commands for Insertion
  681. 827744
  682. Node: Deletion
  683. 831953
  684. Node: User-Level Deletion
  685. 835110
  686. Node: The Kill Ring
  687. 839126
  688. Node: Data in Kill Ring
  689. 841060
  690. Node: Kill Functions
  691. 844638
  692. Node: Yank Commands
  693. 846943
  694. Node: Kill Ring Internals
  695. 848757
  696. Node: Undo
  697. 850126
  698. Node: Filling
  699. 853612
  700. Node: Auto Filling
  701. 857126
  702. Node: Sorting
  703. 858244
  704. Node: Indentation
  705. 867557
  706. Node: Primitive Indent
  707. 868320
  708. Node: Mode-Specific Indent
  709. 869504
  710. Node: Region Indent
  711. 872576
  712. Node: Relative Indent
  713. 875038
  714. Node: Indent Tabs
  715. 877655
  716. Node: Motion by Indent
  717. 879023
  718. Node: Columns
  719. 879799
  720. Node: Case Changes
  721. 881726
  722. Node: Substitution
  723. 884895
  724. Node: Underlining
  725. 886169
  726. Node: Registers
  727. 887350
  728. Node: Searching and Matching
  729. 891361
  730. Node: String Search
  731. 892309
  732. Node: Regular Expressions
  733. 896458
  734. Node: Syntax of Regexps
  735. 897034
  736. Node: Regexp Example
  737. 908318
  738. Node: Regexp Search
  739. 910806
  740. Node: Match Data
  741. 916100
  742. Node: Saving Match Data
  743. 921697
  744. Node: Standard Regexps
  745. 924655
  746. Node: Searching and Case
  747. 926117
  748. Node: Syntax Tables
  749. 927577
  750. Node: Syntax Descriptors
  751. 929802
  752. Node: Syntax Class Table
  753. 931650
  754. Node: Syntax Flags
  755. 937235
  756. Node: Syntax Table Functions
  757. 938356
  758. Node: Parsing Expressions
  759. 943016
  760. Node: Standard Syntax Tables
  761. 947849
  762. Node: Syntax Table Internals
  763. 948696
  764. Node: Abbrevs
  765. 949734
  766. Node: Abbrev Mode
  767. 951474
  768. Node: Abbrev Tables
  769. 952201
  770. Node: Defining Abbrevs
  771. 953732
  772. Node: Abbrev Files
  773. 955568
  774. Node: Abbrev Expansion
  775. 957326
  776. Node: Standard Abbrev Tables
  777. 960048
  778. Node: Processes
  779. 961185
  780. Node: Subprocess Creation
  781. 963175
  782. Node: Synchronous Processes
  783. 967653
  784. Node: Asynchronous Processes
  785. 972804
  786. Node: Deleting Processes
  787. 976065
  788. Node: Process Information
  789. 977753
  790. Node: Input to Processes
  791. 980737
  792. Node: Signals to Processes
  793. 983219
  794. Node: Output from Processes
  795. 987342
  796. Node: Process Buffers
  797. 988068
  798. Node: Filter Functions
  799. 991077
  800. Node: Accepting Output
  801. 996285
  802. Node: Sentinels
  803. 997097
  804. Node: VMS Subprocesses
  805. 999971
  806. Node: TCP
  807. 1001505
  808. Node: System Interface
  809. 1003057
  810. Node: Starting Up
  811. 1004015
  812. Node: Start-up Summary
  813. 1004623
  814. Node: Init File
  815. 1006309
  816. Node: Terminal-Specific
  817. 1008139
  818. Node: Command Line Arguments
  819. 1011599
  820. Node: Getting Out
  821. 1013993
  822. Node: Killing Emacs
  823. 1014545
  824. Node: Suspending Emacs
  825. 1016006
  826. Node: System Environment
  827. 1019340
  828. Node: Terminal Input
  829. 1023578
  830. Node: Terminal Output
  831. 1027860
  832. Node: Flow Control
  833. 1030326
  834. Node: Batch Mode
  835. 1035511
  836. Node: Emacs Display
  837. 1036626
  838. Node: Refresh Screen
  839. 1037596
  840. Node: Screen Attributes
  841. 1037864
  842. Node: Truncation
  843. 1040135
  844. Node: The Echo Area
  845. 1041965
  846. Node: Selective Display
  847. 1043645
  848. Node: Overlay Arrow
  849. 1047571
  850. Node: Temporary Displays
  851. 1048685
  852. Node: Waiting
  853. 1052583
  854. Node: Blinking
  855. 1054102
  856. Node: Control Char Display
  857. 1055958
  858. Node: Beeping
  859. 1057160
  860. Node: Window Systems
  861. 1058142
  862. Node: Tips
  863. 1059543
  864. Node: Style Tips
  865. 1060041
  866. Node: Compilation Tips
  867. 1065492
  868. Node: Documentation Tips
  869. 1067766
  870. Node: GNU Emacs Internals
  871. 1071849
  872. Node: Building Emacs
  873. 1072551
  874. Node: Pure Storage
  875. 1076147
  876. Node: Garbage Collection
  877. 1078754
  878. Node: Writing Emacs Primitives
  879. 1084208
  880. Node: Object Internals
  881. 1092984
  882. Node: Buffer Internals
  883. 1094192
  884. Node: Window Internals
  885. 1096430
  886. Node: Process Internals
  887. 1098106
  888. Node: Standard Errors
  889. 1099424
  890. Node: Standard Buffer-Local Variables
  891. 1102389
  892. Node: Standard Keymaps
  893. 1103896
  894. Node: Standard Hooks
  895. 1106527
  896. Node: Index
  897. 1108560
  898. End Tag Table
  899.