home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- 32,768 Color Support for the Atari ST
-
- by Barry Orlando
-
- for Public Domain, dated 9-9-89
-
-
- Here's a hardware modification for the standard Atari ST that increases
- the color palette from 512 colors to 32,768 colors (32 shades of gray), while
- still maintaining compatibility with existing Atari ST software (including
- SPECTRUM 512). It is software compatible with the JRI's 4096C color board and
- will also be compatible with the recently announced 4096 color STE (enhanced
- ST).
-
- It does this by adding increased bits of resolution so as to increase the
- ST's 16 read/write colors palette hardware registers from their standard 9
- bits each, to 15 bits each. Each of the standard color palette registers have
- the following bit arrangement:
-
- FEDCBA9876543210
- .....RRR.GGG.BBB
-
- where, R, G, and B are the red, green, and blue components.
-
- The higher the value for any of these grouped bits, the more intense the
- resulting color component. The above bits marked '.' are ignored.
-
- The JRI 4096C color board and the upcoming 4096 color STE add an extra bit
- of resolution at bit locations 3, 7, and B, however these new bits are least
- significant bits so as to maintain compatibility with existing software.
-
- The 32,768 color modification goes a step further by adding a fifth (and
- less significant) bit to each color component at locations C, D, and E. The
- new arrangement is then:
-
- FEDCBA9876543210
- .RGBRRRRGGGGBBBB
-
- As with the JRI 4096C color board, this modification adds an additional
- Shifter chip. However this modification is slightly more involved in that it
- uses three additional integrated circuits, and bypasses 9, 5% tolerance
- resistors used by the Shifter chip, in favor of using 9, 1% tolerance
- resistors.
-
- Disclaimer of Liability
-
- This modification should not be attempted by anyone except by someone with
- experience repairing or building digital electronic circuits. Performing this
- modification will be done at your own risk and may void the warranty on your
- computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Parts Used
-
- Qty Description/Source/Cost
-
- 1 Component Perfboard (3" x 2.5") cut from Radio Shack #276-147
- ($2.99).
-
- 2 3M Board Mounting Interconnectors (straight single-row
- male).Digi-Key Part # 929834-08-36 ($2.05 each).
-
- Digi-Key Corp.
- 701 Brooks Ave South
- P.O Box 677
- Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677
- Phone 1-800-344-4539 for free catalog.
-
- 1 Quad 2 input NAND Gate, High Speed CMOS (74HC00N). Digi-Key
- Corp., Part # MM74HC00N ($0.28).
-
- 1 Quad Tri-State Transceiver, High Speed CMOS (74HC243N). Digi-Key
- Corp., Part # MM74HC243N ($0.78).
-
- 1 Octal Tri-State Transceiver, High Speed CMOS (74HC245N).
- Digi-Key Corp., Part # MM74HC245N ($0.82).
-
- 5 each 3.76K, 7.50K, 15.0K, 30.1K, 60.4K ohm metal film resistors, 1%,
- 1/4 watt. Digi-Key Corp., Part #s 3.76X, 7.50X, 15.0X, 30.1X,
- 60.4X (each value: 5 for $0.50)
-
- 2 3.0K ohm carbon resistors, 5%, 1/4 watt. Digi-Key Corp., Part #
- 3.0E (5 for $0.25)
-
- 5 0.1ufd Monolithic Ceramic capacitors, Radial, 50V, 10%, or
- equivalent substitution, Digi-Key Corp. Part # P4525 ($0.19
- each)
-
- 2 Shifter Chip, Atari Part # CO25914-38A, one chip is obtained
- from your ST's motherboard, the other from your local Atari
- Authorized Service Center ($30.00)
-
-
-
- Installation of the Board
-
- Located on the ST's motherboard is mounted a sheet metal box which houses
- the Shifter Chip. This box has a hinged lid which can be opened. Inside this
- box you'll find the Shifter Chip mounted in a 40 pin socket.
-
- The board simply plugs into this socket so that the board is elevated
- above the ST's motherboard with sufficient clearance to allow closing the
- hinged lid.
-
-
-
- Three wires are installed from the color board to three vias (trace thru
- holes) located nearby on the motherboard.
-
- Additionally, jumpers are installed across each of three 3.6K ohm
- resistors on the motherboard. These resistors are easily traced from the
- Shifter socket pins 21, 24, and 27.
-
-
-
- Circuit Schematic
-
- I was going to get the circuit diagram for this project digitized, but
- just didn't get around to it (saved you the download). So if you want it send
- me a self addressed stamped envelope to the following address:
-
- Barry Orlando
- 1120 Deerfield Dr.
- Napa, CA 94558
-
-
- Board Assembly
-
- Because the sheet metal box (discussed above) does not allow alot of head
- clearance, all components are mounted directly to the perfboard. If you use
- chip sockets, the hinged lid will not fit back on without modification.
-
- The diagram below shows the orientation of components. I soldered all the
- components to the perfboard then soldered all the connections using 30 gauge
- Kynar wire wrap solid conductor wire (Radio Shack 278-502).
-
- There is a slight modification to the circuit if you have any RAM chips
- installed in your ST which are 150 nanosecond (i.e., slower than 120
- nanosecond). Pin 1 (DIR) of the 74HC245N must be tided to ground instead of
- to the R/W line on Shifter. This will only disable the read capability for
- bits C, D, and E of each color palette register mentioned above.
-
- Software
-
- Included with this text file is a program to display all gray levels and
- colors. This is a very crude program but was intended to only prove that the
- circuit works. I have also included the C source code which provides the
- engine for converting basic color intensities to board compatible bit
- patterns.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ****************************************************************************
- * *
- * Color Board Layout *
- * *
- * |----------- 2 1/2" -------------| *
- * __ ___________________________________ *
- * | | ________ ________ | *
- * | || | | -==- | | || *
- * | || S | | -==- | | S || *
- * | || H | | -==- | | H || *
- * | || I | | -==- | | I || *
- * | || F | | -==- | | F || *
- * | || T | | -==- | | T || *
- * | || E | | -==- | | E || *
- * | || R | | -==- | | R || *
- * | || | | -==- | | || *
- * || 1 | | -==- | | 2 || *
- * 3 1/2" || | | -==- | | || *
- * || | | -==- | | || *
- * | || *| | -==- | | *|| *
- * | ||________| | -==- | |________|| *
- * | | <> <> <> | *
- * | | ____ | *
- * | | <> |* | <> <------decoupling caps. *
- * | | ____ | | ____ | *
- * | | |* | | | |* | | *
- * | | | | | | | | | *
- * | | ()| | [] | | [] | | | *
- * | | ()| | | | ^ | | | *
- * | | ()| | | | | | |<------- 74HC243N *
- * | | |____| |____| | |____| | *
- * _|_ |_____^_________^_____|____________| *
- * | | |_________ 3.0K ohm resistors *
- * 74HC00N ______| |_____ 74HC245N *
- * *
- * *
- * *
- ****************************************************************************
-
-
- the end!
-