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à 6.3ïIndependent Clauses in Compound Sentences
ä:èIn the compound sentences in the Example, underline the
independent clauses.
âS:
#ë╕I don't care for your sister╗, nor ╕do I like you very much╗.ï╕
#╕Your speech was inadequate╗, for ╕you forgot to clarify your concern
#╕about waste management╗.ï╕They left early╗, so ╕let's not invite them
#╕again╗.ï╕We can punctuate the sentence now╗, or ╕we can wait until
#╕after supper╗.
éS A compound sentence contains two or more simple sentences
consisting of independent clauses.ïThe sentences in the example section
each have two independent clauses connected by the coordinating con-
#junctions ╖nor, or, for, ╗and ╖so╗ that are not normally used as coor-
dinating conjunctions in simple sentences.ïThe three coordinating con-
junctions that are commonly used in simple sentences can also be used in
compound sentences, as in the following examples: The hamburger was
#juicy ╖but╗ (or ╖yet╗) the buns were hard.ïI handed the ball to Will, ╖
#╖and╗ then I winked at Elena.ïNote that a comma normally precedes the
coordinating conjunction that connects the two independent clauses in
the compound sentence.ïIf the compound sentence contains two short
#independent clauses, the comma can be omitted, as in ╖the socket was
#╖fixed so we could go outside╗.ïBut what is not optional is removing
the coordinating conjunction between the independent clauses in a com-
pound sentence.ïWhen that is done, and the comma remains, the result is
#called a run-on-sentence.ïFor example, ╖the bus was late, I got furious
is a run-on-sentence, not a compound sentence.ïIf the coordinating con-
junction is removed, and the comma is omitted between two independent
clauses in a compound sentence, the result is called a fused sentence.
#For example, ╖The water looked stagnant it smelled bad╗ is a fused
sentence, mot a compound sentence.
1.èWhich one of the following examples is a compound sentence?
A)ïThe pine needles clogged one of the gutters, we now must clean out
è that gutter.
B)ïThe sand pile was high, but Joe wanted to build it even higher.
C)ïThe inspector overlooked some evidence, the criminal was released
è from custody.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢The sandpile was high╗ and ╢Joe wanted to build it even higher╗,
two independent clauses joined by the comma and the coordinating con-
junction, form a compound sentence.ïBoth of the other examples are
run-on-sentences because they do not use any coordinating conjunctions
between their independent clauses.ïThe comma by itself is insufficient.
Ç B
2.ïWhich one of the following examples is a compound sentence?
A)ïIn order to explore the mountain range, he borrowed my camping
è gear.
B)ïThe hyena pulled on my coat, I tried not to notice.
C)ïThe company dismissed the workers early, for there was a major
è power outage.
D)ïå
ü The compound sentence is the sentence with a comma and the co-
#ordinating conjunction ╢for╗ linking the two independent clauses ╢the
#╢company dismissed the workers early╗ and ╢there was a major power out-
#╢age╗.ïAnother sentence has only one independent clause: ╖In order to
#╖explore the mountain range, he borrowed my camping gear╗.ïThe remain-
ing sentence is a run-on-sentence, with a comma but no coordinating
conjunction joining two independent clauses.
Ç C
3.èWhich one of the following examples is a compound sentence?
A)ïBang on the door, or kick it open!
B)ïInto the basket with you, and I hope you have learned your lesson.
C)ïWe replayed the tape the voices were still indistinct.
D)ïå
#ü ╢Bang on the door, or kick it open╗ is a compound sentence.ïThe
two independent clauses are joined by a comma and the coordinating con-
#junction ╢or╗.ïIn another example, there is a comma and a coordinating
conjunction directly after it, and to the right of them there is the in-
#dependent clause ╖I hope you have learned your lesson╗.ïBut there is a
sentence fragment to the left of the comma and the coordinating conjunc-
#tion: ╖Into the basket with you╗ consists of two prepositional phrases.
A sentence fragment plus a comma and a coordinating conjunction plus an
independent clause form a simple sentence, not a compound sentence.
The remaining example is a fused sentence.ïThe two independent clauses
are not joined by any punctuation; nor is there a coordinating con-
junction.
Ç A
4.èWhich one of the following examples is a run-on-sentence?
A)ïIn a few moments, the curfew will begin.
B)ïGive me an hour, and I will give you a new body.
C)ïThe girls tried to sit still, their hands began to shake.
D)ïå
ü The last sentence is a run-on-sentence.ïOnly a comma joins the
#two independent thoughts ╢the girls tried to sit still╗ and ╢their hands
#╢began to shake. ╗ To correct the run-on, add the appropriate conjunc-
#tion ╢but╗ or ╢yet╗ after the comma.ïIn ╖In a few moments, the curfew
#╖will begin╗, we have a simple sentence.ïAnd the remaining sentence is
#a compound sentence.ï╖Give me an hour╗ is the first independent clause
#(╖you╗ is the understood subject of the verb form ╖give╗).ïA comma and
a coordinating conjunction join this independent clause to the other
#independent clause ╖I will give you a new body╗.
Ç C
5.èWhich one of the following examples is a run-on-sentence?
A)ïTo increase our earnings, we worked overtime.
B)ïJoe discouraged his mother from visiting him now, for he was just
è getting over the flu.
C)ïWorking for Mr. Jones until three in the morning, without a break
è for a bite to eat.
D)ïå
ü There are no run-on-sentences in ç examples.ïOne sentence is
a simple sentence, with a comma between the adverb infinitive phrase
#╖to increase our earnings╗ and the subject ╖we╗, the verb form ╖worked╗,
#and the direct object ╖overtime╗.ïAnother sentence is a compound sen-
tence containing two independent clauses joined by a comma and the co-
ordinating conjunction for.ïThe remaining sentence is a sentence frag-
ment consisting of a long present participle phrase followed by a com-
ma and three prepositional phrases.
Ç D
ä:èIn the compound sentences in the Example, underline the
independent clauses.
âS:
#ë╕She journeyed to the Holy Land╗; ╕she also visited Finland╗.
# ╕
#╗╗ ╗╗╗╗è ╕Sure, they were exhausted╗; ╕they still found the strength╗
#╕╗è ╕╗ ╕╕to play another round of volleyball╗.
#ï╕╗è╕Henry will speak to Henrietta╗; ╕he may╕ change her mind╗.
éS A compound sentence doesn't always have a comma and a coordi-
nating conjunction connecting the independent clauses.ïA semicolon
sometimes is used in place of the comma and the coordinating conjunc-
tion.ïIf you are going to use a semicolon in this context, make sure
it is obvious which coordinating conjunction has been replaced.ïIn
#╖James raked the yard very well; he was given extra money,╗ the coordi-
#nating conjunction replaced by the semicolon is most likely ╖so╗.ïIn
#╖The whales were undetected; they remained far below the surface╗, the
coordinating conjunction that the semicolon has replaced could be either
#╖for, and,╗ or ╖so╗.ïIn this case, using a coordinating conjunction
would be more precise than using a semicolon.ïWhenever you do use the
semicolon to connect independent clauses in a compound sentence, make
sure a sentence fragment has not taken the place of any independent
#clause.ïFor example, in ╖The problem was solved; in no time╗, the group
of words after the semicolon is not an independent clause; it is merely
a phrase, a sentence fragment.
6.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses the
semicolon between independent clauses in a compound sentence?
A)ïThe herdsman could not locate the few escaped sheep; he soon rein-
è forced the weak fence.
B)ïI protected him; for his own good.
C)ïThe light was dim; so we left.
D)ïå
ü The semicolon is used correctly in a compound sentence when it
#connects the two independent clauses ╢the herdsman could not locate the
#╢few escaped sheep╗ and ╢he soon reinforced the fence╗.ïThe coordina-
#ting conjunction replaced by the semicolon is most likely ╢so╗.ïIn an-
#other example the semicolon incorrectly joins ╖I protected him ╗to ╖for
#╖his own good╗.ïAlthough ╖I protected him╗ is an independent clause, ╖
#╖for his own good╗ is a sentence fragment.ïSemicolons never join sen-
tence fragments to independent clauses.ïIn the remaining sentence, the
#semicolon before the coordinating conjunction ╖so╗ should be replaced by
a comma because commas, not semicolons, precede coordinating conjunc-
tions between independent clauses.
Ç A
7.ïWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses the
semicolon between independent clauses in a compound sentence?
A)ïPouting in the bathtub; passing out on the porch steps.
B)ïI started to unbutton my shirt; but soon stopped.
C)ïCrying against the wall was the injured soldier; the brutal Empire
è had won the decisive battle.
D)ïå
ü In the only compound sentence, the semicolon is used correctly to
#join two independent clauses, ╢crying against the wall was the injured
#╢soldier╗ and ╢the brutal Empire had won the decisive battle╗.ïThe co-
ordinating conjunction that has been replaced by the semicolon is most
#likely ╢for╗.ïIn another example, there is an independent clause ╖I
#╖started to button my shirt╗ followed by a semicolon, but there is no
#independent clause to the right of the semicolon: ╖But soon stopped╗ is
#a sentence fragment.ïIf the ╖but╗ were replaced by the pronoun ╖I╗,
then a compound sentence would be formed.ïThe remaining example con-
sists of two sentence fragments on either side of a semicolon, the
#phrase ╖pouting in the bathtub╗ and the phrase ╖passing out on the porch
#╖steps╗.
Ç C
8.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses the
semicolon between independent clauses in a compound sentence?
A)ïRising from the foam; Venus greeted the onlookers.
B)ïThe clarinet player found gum on her seat; immediately threw a fit.
C)ïTo test his loyalty to the state; I tried to make him side with me
è against the President.
D)ïå
ü In all of ç examples, semicolons are improperly used to con-
nect an independent clause to a sentence fragment.ïIn two examples, the
#fragment comes before the semicolon: ╖rising from the foam╗ and ╖to test
#╖his loyalty to the state╗.ïThe proper punctuation in ç examples
#would be a comma.ïIn one example, the fragment ╖immediately threw a fit
comes after the semicolon.ïTo make this example into a compound sen-
#tence, add the subject ╖she╗ after the semicolon so that the fragment
would become an independent clause.ïThe coordinating conjunction re-
#placed by the semicolon would then be ╖and╗.
Ç D