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à 2.6èThe Perfect Tenses
ä:èIn the sentence in the Example, underline the verbs that
are in the perfect tense.
âS:
# ╖ She ║has beaten╗ ╖the rug ╗(present perfect).
# ╖ The emergency ╖room personnel ║had worked╗ ╖long hours ╗(past
ïperfect).
#ïI ║will have ╖║driven╖ 2,000 miles╗ (future perfect).
#éS All the perfect tenses consist of a form of ╖have╗ plus a past
participle.ïThe present perfect tense refers to an action that started
#in the past and is still continuing in the present ╖(I have collected
#╖coins for years) ╗or an action that started in the past but is con-
#cluded at the present time ╖╖(Sam has finished his project)╗.ïNote that
#the only helping verb in the present tense is a form of ╖have.ï╗If any
#other helping verbs precede have ╖(could, might, should, would, can,
#╖may)╗, then we no longer have a present perfect tense formation.ïThe
past perfect tense refers to an action that occurred before another
#action is completed ╖(Eric had prowled around the block before he found
#╖the manhole) ╗or for an action already finished at a particular time in
#the past ╖(At the end of last term, I had done very well in algebra).
The future perfect tense refers to an action that will be done before
#or by a specific time in the future: ╖Amy will have (or shall have)
#╖received her diploma by next spring.
1.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
verb in the present perfect tense?
A)ïI always dread intense headaches.
B)ïIs it true that you have gone to India?
C)ïHe has, according to Trudy, a long history of drug abuse.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Have gone╗ is the only verb in the present perfect tense; ╢
#╢gone ╗is the past participle of the irregular verb ╢go.ï╗In the other
#two sentences, ╖has ╗and ╖dread ╗are present tense verbs unattached to
any past participles.
Ç B
2.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a regular
verb in the present perfect tense?
A)ïIs Robert as sophisticated as Ronald?
B)ïI figured that Valeria already moved away.
C)ïTed has developed a cure for acne.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Has developed╗ is in the present perfect tense, with ╢develop
as the regular verb.ïOne other sentence contains the first person
#singular present tense verb form of ╖be, is.ïFigured ╗and ╖moved ╗in
#the remaining sentence are two verb forms of the past tense of ╖figure
#and ╖move.
Ç C
3.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
verb in the past perfect tense?
A)ïSarah had won top honors in the Special Olympics.
B)ïJames found his brown shoelace in the basement.
C)ïThey have established a reputation for honesty.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Had won ╗is the verb in the past perfect tense; ╢won ╗is the
#past participle of the irregular verb ╢win.ï╗In the other sentences,
#╖have established ╗is a verb form in the present perfect tense, and
#╖found ╗is a past tense verb form.
Ç A
4.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a regular
verb in the past perfect tense?
A)ïWe have located the difficulty in the sink.
B)ïThe house had mildew on the shutters.
C)ïShe had cornered the cat.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Had cornered ╗is a verb in the past perfect tense; ╢cornered ╗
#is the past participle of the regular verb ╢corner.ï╗In the other sen-
#tences, ╖had ╗is a main verb in the past tense, and ╖have located ╗is a
#verb in the present perfect tense.ï╖Located╗ is the past participle of
#the regular verb ╖locate.
Ç C
5.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
verb in the future perfect tense?
A)ïI will have your supper.
B)ïWill you have eaten the chicken by noon?
C)ïThe horse will have roamed the field for hours.
D)ïå
ü
#êïAlthough both╖ will have roamed ╗and ╢╢will have eaten ╗are
#each in the future perfect tense, ╢eaten ╗is the past participle of the
#irregular verb ╢eat, ╗whereas ╖roamed ╗is the past participle of the
#regular verb ╖roam.ï╗In the remaining sentence, ╖will have ╗is simply
a future tense construction.
Ç B
6.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an irregular
verb in the past perfect tense and a regular verb in the past perfect
tense?
A)ïAfter she had visited Pat, she wondered if she had done enough.
B)ïWhen I had stumbled into the pool last year, I looked ridiculous.
C)ïAs soon as you had signed the contract, your fingernails grew again.
D)ïå
#üèThe verbs ╢had visited╗ and ╢had done ╗are in the past perfect
#tense.ï╢Visited ╗is the past participle of the regular verb ╢visit;
#╢done ╗is the past participle ofthe irregular verb ╢do.ï╗Another sen-
#tence has only one past perfect verb form, ╖had stumbled (looked ╗is a
past tense form).ïThe remaining sentence has only one past perfect verb
#form,╖ had signed (grew ╗is a past tense form).
Ç A
7.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a verb in the
past perfect tense and a verb in the future perfect tense?
A)ïWill you have deepened the hole by the time the bulldozer returns?
B)ïWill Tommy have raised his leg when the month is over?
C)ïI am sure that in two weeks Charles will have said that he had
è organized the group.
D)ïå
#üè╢Will have said ╗is a future perfect tense form, and in the
#same sentence,╢ had organized ╗is a past perfect tense form.ï╢Said ╗is
#the past participle of the irregular verb ╢say. Organized ╗is the past
#participle of the regular verb ╢organize.ï╗The other two sentences both
#contain verbs in the future perfect tense, ╖will have raised ╗and ╖will
#╖have deepened, ╗but contain no verbs in the past perfect tense, just
#the two present tense verbs ╖is ╗and ╖returns.
Ç C
8.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a verb in the
present perfect tense and a verb in the future perfect tense?
A)ïBy the time you have flown to San Diego, I will have composed over
è five songs.
B)ïIn a few weeks they will have offered the homeowner a deposit.
C)ïWill he have ridden into the canyon?
D)ïå
#üè╢Have flown ╗is the present perfect tense form, and ╢will have
#╢╢composed ╗is a future perfect tense form.ï╢Flown ╗is the past par-
#ticiple of the irregular verb ╢fly; composed ╗is the past participle of
#the regular verb ╢compose.ï╗Both of the other sentences also contain
#verbs in the future perfect tense, ╖will have offered ╗and ╖will have
#╖ridden, ╗but they do not contain a verb in the present perfect tense.
Ç A