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Persistence of Vision Raytracer
Version 1.0
Run-Time Error Documentation
-------------------------------
By Eduard Schwan & Drew Wells
This document lists all the errors that POV-Ray might generate while trying
to read and render a scene file and attempts to give a better explanation
of why the error occured than the program provides at run-time.
If a run-time error is not found in this list, it is probably a system
or executable error. These errors are not handled by POV-Ray, rather, the
system takes over and generates the error and aborts the program.
These messages usually look quite different than the normal POV-Ray
error messages and should be easy to recognize. Other than math errors,
they usually indicate that you need to fix somthing with your computer,
rather than a bug in POV-Ray.
MATH ERRORS: POV-Ray renders images using complex mathematical routines,
and sometimes these calculations exceed the capabilities
of the computer. When this happens a math error is generated
that usually reads something like, floating point error, or
stack underflow.
Often this can be solved by changing the viewpoint slightly
or changing parameters slightly.
DIVIDE BY ZERO: There are two easy ways to generate a
divide by zero error that you should avoid,
SCALE BY ZERO: Never scale any component by zero
ie. scale <2 0 2> will cause an error
To leave a component the same size, scale by 1.
ROUGHNESS ZERO: The roughness component must be greater
than zero. And on some computers must be greater
than .001 or it will cause a stack underflow error
to be generated.
STACK UNDERFLOW: The most common cause of this error is
specifying a roughness value that is too small for your
computer to handle. It can also be caused by a faulty
math processor or just math that is too difficult for
your computer type.
OTHER ERRORS: The general philosophy of POV-Ray is that the user knows
what they want to do and the program shouldn't prevent
the user from trying any values for parameters. This
allows the user to do things that were unanticipated by
the program's authors and often results in a new and
exciting way of using the program (like negative colored
lights) but it can also cause errors like the
low roughness\stack underflow error. The program could
have been made more 'safe', but it would have limited its
power to do so. Consequently, the program allows freedom
and allows the freedom to make mistakes.
A good example of this is using height fields as clipping
objects (see HFCLIP.POV). This was not supposed to be
possible, but it sometimes works and can be used to create
exciting effects. When it doesn't work, though, it aborts
the program with a very cryptic error.
So, feel free to experiment outside the bounds of what the
documentation says is possible, but be aware that this
could cause errors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alphabetical List of Errors Generated by POV-Ray
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'X' expected but 'Y' found instead
----------------------------------
General syntax error. 'Y' was not expected at this place
in the scene file. This often indicates a missing brace.
ALPHA colour register value out of range.
-----------------------------------------
The color index given for alpha was outside the range of
color entries for the image's palette.
Bad Node type at depth N
------------------------
Internal data corruption error in Bezier patch code. This error
shouldn't normally occur.
Bad default file format. Offending char: (C), val: D.
------------------------------------------------------
This error should never occur with the released executables.
If it does, you may have a corrupted exe file or a virus.
If the file is not corrupted and a virus is not detected,
please report this problem to the POV-Team.
If you are compiling POV-Ray on your own computer, this
error means that you have changed the default file format
specified in the source to an incorrect value.
Bad patch type
--------------
Bezier Patch was not within range (1...4)
Can't apply ALPHA to a non colour-mapped image
-----------------------------------------------
A color mapped image is one where the colors used in the
image are stored in a palette. The image data itself is
a list of numbers referencing that palette. GIF images
are color mapped, as are most IFF images. Targa (TGA) and
dump images are not color mapped, so ALPHA cannot be used
with them.
Cannot allocate memory for ...
------------------------------
This is a general purpose error that can occur in many
places in POV-Ray. It just means POV-Ray ran out of memory
while trying to build one of the scene's internal data
structures. Depending on the particular object it was
working on, you may want to increase POV-Ray's memory
allocation, or reduce the size or complexity of the scene.
You can often reduce memory usage easily by removing unecessary
include files, or pasting the needed definitions from the include
file straight into your scene.
Cannot open GIF file FILE_NAME
------------------------------
Cannot open IFF file FILE_NAME
------------------------------
Cannot open Targa file FILE_NAME
--------------------------------
Cannot open dump file FILE_NAME
-------------------------------
Cannot open include file: FILE_NAME
-----------------------------------
Cannot find the file named FILE_NAME in the current directory,
or in the list of directories specified by the +L command
line option. Or an error occured while attempting to open
this file. Make sure the file is in the current directory or
one of the listed directories and the file name is correctly
spelled and complete. POV-Ray does not add the extension to
the file name (.GIF, .TGA, .IFF). It must be specified.
Cannot open input file
----------------------
Cannot find the scene file named by the +i command line option
in the current directory, or in the list of directories
specified by the +L command line option. Or an error occured
while attempting to open this file. Make sure the file is in
the current directory or one of the listed directories and
the file name is correctly spelled and complete. POV-Ray does
not add the extension to the file name (.POV). It must be specified.
Colour_Map too long.
--------------------
Color maps may contain no more than MAX_ENTRIES (20) entries
Degenerate triangle on line N. Please remove.
----------------------------------------------
A 'triangle {}' or a 'smooth_triangle {}' declaration
was found to be invalid on line N of the scene file.
This shape will be ignored and not rendered.
Degenerate triangles were found and are being ignored.
------------------------------------------------------
Some triangle shapes in the scene file were found to be
invalid and are being ignored by the ray tracer. This
message will occur only with triangle {} and smooth_triangle
shapes.
ERROR - Containing Index too high
---------------------------------
MAX_CONTAINING_OBJECTS (10) exceeded.
Error - you cannot scale a sphere unevenly
------------------------------------------
Regular Sphere primitives must be scaled evenly. To do
uneven scaling, use quadric { Ellipsoid } objects.
EVEN SCALE = scale <2 2 2>
UNEVEN SCALE = scale <7 .1 3>
Error in decimal number
-----------------------
Bad character in number (e.g. 2$3.2 or 89fred0.34 ) This could
indicate a missing space in the scene.
Error opening continue trace output file
----------------------------------------
This error occurs when using the +c command line option.
Cannot find the file specified by the +o command line option
in the current directory, or in the list of directories
specified by the +L command line option. Or an error occured
while attempting to open this file.
Make sure the file is in the current directory or
one of the listed directories and the file name is correctly
spelled and complete. POV-Ray does not add the extension to
the file name (.GIF, .TGA, .IFF). It must be specified.
Error opening option file FILE_NAME
-----------------------------------
Cannot find the file named FILE_NAME in the current directory,
or in the list of directories specified by the +L command
line option. Or an error occured while attempting to open
this file. Make sure the file is in the current directory or
one of the listed directories and the file name is correctly
spelled and complete. POV-Ray does not add the extension to
the file name (.GIF, .TGA, .IFF). It must be specified.
This error can be caused by stray words on the command line.
Any word on the command line that is not preceded by a +/- option
is assumed to be a file containing command line options.
Error opening output file
-------------------------
Cannot find the file specified by the +o command line option
in the current directory, or in the list of directories
specified by the +L command line option. Or an error occured
while attempting to open this file.
Make sure the file is in the current directory or
one of the listed directories and the file name is correctly
spelled and complete. POV-Ray does not add the extension to
the file name (.GIF, .TGA, .IFF). It must be specified.
Error reading aborted data file
-------------------------------
This error occurs when using the +c command line option.
POV-Ray had an error occur while reading the partial image
output file specified by +o.
Expecting a string after INCLUDE
--------------------------------
Syntax for include declaration anticipates a double-quoted
filename string after the word include.
For example:
#include "filename.inc" == OK!
#include filename.inc == ERROR
Failed to allocate...
---------------------
This is a general purpose error that can occur in many
places in POV-Ray. It indicates that POV-Ray ran out of memory
while trying to build one of the scene's internal data
structures. Depending on the particular object it was
working on, you may want to increase POV-Ray's memory
allocation, or reduce the size or complexity of the scene.
GIF Image Map Colour out of range
---------------------------------
IFF Image Map Colour out of range
---------------------------------
The color index was outside the image file's palette. This
could indicate a corrupted file.
Identifier 'X' is the wrong type
--------------------------------
Type mismatch syntax error. The identifier 'X' is not
the appropriate type of ID for this spot.
This happens if you put a declared color into a quadric, for instance.
For example:
#declare Red = color red 1
object { quadric { Red } } // This will cause this error
Illegal character in input file, value is XX
--------------------------------------------
Found a bogus half-ASCII character in the source file. These
characters are ignored. It could be a control character left in
by an editing program.
Invalid GIF file format: FILE_NAME
----------------------------------
The file header for FILE_NAME seems not to be a GIF file header. The
file specified may not be a GIF or it could be corrupted.
Invalid IFF file
----------------
The file specified may not be an IFF image or it could be corrupted.
Invalid option: 'OPTSTRING'
---------------------------
The command line option 'OPTSTRING' is not recognized by POV-Ray.
This could be a mistyped character on the command line, the environment
variable POVRAYOPT, or in an option file specified on the command line.
Light source must be defined using new syntax
---------------------------------------------
The keyword "light_source" was found without the accompanying
light source definition in a place in the file that indicates
it may be an old-style light_source definition.
See POVRAY.DOC for correct light source definition.
Need at least one component in a blob
-------------------------------------
There must be at least one sphere element declared in
the blob object. Declare some components in the blob.
Need the order of the Poly
--------------------------
The syntax of poly requires an order be specified
before the <coeffs>
No */ closing comment found
---------------------------
Found a /* (open comment), but no matching */ in the scene file.
No colour for value: N
----------------------
The color map does not define a color for the value N. Make
sure your color map contains entries that completely span the
range from 0.0 to 1.0.
No end quote for string
------------------------
Hit end of file while reading in quoted string. This indicates a
missing quote (") somewhere.
Not enough memory for colour map.
---------------------------------
See error 'Failed to allocate...'
Only NN option file names are allowed in a command line.
--------------------------------------------------------
POV-Ray only allows one 'option file'on the command line.
MAX_FILE_NAMES (1)
Order of Poly is out of range
-----------------------------
The polynomial order must be between 2 and MAX_ORDER (7).
Out of Memory. ...
-----------------------------------------------------
See error 'Failed to allocate...'
Out of prioqs
-------------
POV-Ray has internally exceeded the NUMBER_OF_PRIOQS (32).
Picture index out of range
--------------------------
This error should not occur, but it could occur if your computer
is having floating point math accuracy problems or a corrupted
image file. It indicates that one of the internal mapping routines
(bump, image, material) tried to get the color of a pixel that was
out of the range of the image. For example, bump_map asked for the
X=321, Y=200 point on a 320 by 200 resolution image.
Premature End Of File reading GIF image
---------------------------------------
POV-Ray found the end-of-file before it expected in a
GIF file. File could be corrupted.
String too long
---------------
No word or number may be longer than MAX_STRING_INDEX (41).
Quoted string (or floating point number) more than
this many characters long found.
The order of a polynomial may not be specified twice
----------------------------------------------------
You can have only one number before the <coeffs>
in a 'poly' decl.
Too many constants 'declared'
-----------------------------
The number of declared (#declare) identifiers
exceeded MAX_CONSTANTS(1000)
Too many exits from refractions
-------------------------------
Mismatch between entering and exiting object surfaces,
could be internal data corruption.
Too many library directories specified
--------------------------------------
The number of paths passed on the command line by +L exceeds
MAX_LIBRARIES (10)
Too many nested include files
-----------------------------
POV-Ray can't handle more than MAX_INCLUDE_FILES (10) deep.
A nested include file is an include file in an include file.
Too many nested refracting objects
----------------------------------
MAX_CONTAINING_OBJECTS (10) exceeded.
This could happen if you place a 15 glass spheres inside of
each other, for example.
Too many symbols. Use +ms### option to raise Max_Symbols.
---------------------------------------------------------
POV-Ray allocates a block of memory for Max_Symbols number of
#declared items. This is normally 500. If this number is too
small, use +ms### to raise the limit of #declared items.
For example:
povray +ms600 +ifile.pov ...
Undeclared identifier 'X'
-------------------------
Tried to use identifier 'X', but it has not yet been defined by
using #declare. This often indicates a spelling error or typo.
Unexpected end of file
----------------------
POV-Ray was expecting to get more data and found the end of the file
instead. Often caused by missing brace or quote.
Unrecognized output file format 'X'
-----------------------------------
The file format specified by the +f command line option is
not one supprted by POV-Ray.
POV-Ray supports the following output file formats:
D=Dump, I=IFF, R=Raw, T=Targa.
pvray +fZ -- Would cause this error