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-
- NAME
- man - read online documentation
-
- SYNOPSIS
- man [- [-ul]] [-s sect[subs]] [-M path] [-m path] [-e]
- [sect[subs]] name...
- man -f file...
- man -k keyword...
-
- DESCRIPTION
- The man command finds and displays information in the online
- documentation set. When the standard output is a terminal, man
- pipes its output through less(1) or the name of the command
- specified with the MANPAGER or PAGER environment variables.
-
- OPTIONS
- The following command line options are recognized:
-
- - Pipes the output through cat(1) rather than less(1) or
- PAGER.
-
- -ul Use ul(1) rather than cat(1).
-
- -M path
- Specifies a directory tree in which to search. By
- default, man searches in d:\usr\man or the directory
- specified by the MANPATH environment variable, the stan-
- dard location for online documentation. This option
- assumes path is the root of a
!normal" directory - structure.
-
- -m path
- Specifies a directory in which to search. This option
- does not use a directory tree. Files are searched only
- in the directory specified by path. This option is
- useful for debugging new manpages. For example, as-
- suming you are working on a manpage named
!mycmd.1", you - can do this:
-
- man -m . 1 mycmd
-
- -e Find every manpage concerning the given name regardless
- of section. It is expected that a
!normal" exit from - the pager will result in an exit status of 0 (in which
- case the search is continued in other sections). An
-
!abnormal" exit should result in a nonzero exit status - and the search is then terminated.
-
- -s sect[subsect]
- Specifies a section and subsection similar to the 4.2
- BSD UNIX Programmer's Manual (as explained below) in
- which to search. If no section is specified, man sear-
- ches through all of the sections. Example:
!man -s 3s - fopen
". -
- sect As an alternative to -s, you can specify the section
- (and optional subsection) as the first argument.
- Example:
!man 3s fopen". -
- name Searches for documentation files associated with the
- specified name.
-
- -f name
- Displays a one line synopsis of each online documen-
- tation file whose names match the specified word
- (equivalent to the whatis(1) command). For example,
-
!man -f chmod" will give entries for both chmod(1) and - chmod(2). Note that man invokes whatis(1) in this case,
- so it should be found in the path (see ENVIRONMENT).
-
- -k keyword
- Displays a one line synopsis of each online documen-
- tation file whose name or description contains the
- specified keyword (equivalent to the apropos(1)
- command). Note that man invokes apropos(1) in this
- case, so it should be found in the path (see
- ENVIRONMENT).
-
- ENVIRONMENT
- The following environment variables are recognized:
-
- MANPATH,MANDIR
- Location of main manual direcotry, where subdirectories
- are to be found. Man uses (in order of priority) the
- path specified with -M, the MANPATH specified, or the
- built-in default (c:\man).
-
- MANPAGER
- Name of prefered pager. Use this pager if you have
- compressed manpages (see manpager(1)). Man will use
- first MANPAGER, if found, then PAGER, if found. If
- neither are found, it uses c:\bin\less.ttp.
-
- PAGER Name of secondary pager to replace less(1). Use this if
- you do not have manpages generated with font changes
- (see nroff(1)). Either MANPAGER or PAGER should be
- defined. The search order is MANPAGER then PAGER.
-
- SECTION NAMES
- The "sections" of the manual are:
-
- Sect Section Name Description
- ---- ------------- --------------------------------------
- 0 General overview of features and documentation
- 1 Commands user commands
- 2 System Calls low-level system library calls (C)
- 3 Library Calls standard user calls (C)
- 4 Special Files special system files and hardware
- 5 File formats things like arc(1) file formats
- 6 Games games manual
- 7 Miscellaneous miscellaneous information
- 8 Administration system administration commands
-
- In addition, man recognizes the following section names:
-
- local files specific to local system
- new files added since current software release
- old files from previous software release
- gnu GNU files
- paper misc formal papers
- doc misc documentation
-
- The search order, if no section is specified, is:
-
- 108234576
-
- In addition to sections, there are a number of subsections
- possible, though these files do not reside in a special
- directory. The subsection name is simply appended to the file
- name. Example:
!fopen.3s" resides in $MANPATH\man3, the section - is
!3" (libraries) and the subsection is !s", stdio. Here is - the subsection search order for subsections in each section (the
- square brackets mean a choice of each character contained in
- them, in that order):
-
- man1\*.1[tcgesla] util & text, com, graphics, edit, shell,
- lang, archival
- man0\*.0
- man8\*.8[s] util & system
- man2\*.2[gbx] system & gemdos, bios, xbios
- man3\*.3[msvcxg] C lib & math, stdio, sysV, compat,
- extra, gem(aes/vdi)
- man4\*.4[dkvscm] general & disk, keyboard, video, sound,
- chips, memory
- man5\*.5
- man7\*.7
- man6\*.6
-
- NOTES
- To save disk space, you can "source" other files by including
- the nroff(1) directive
!.so" in a file as the first line. In - this case, the first line should start with .so followed by at
- least one space, then the file to use instead of the actual
- manpage. For example, the manpage for feof.3s (in
- $MANPATH\man3) contains the single line:
-
- .so man3\ferror.3s
-
- which will cause man to display the contents of
!ferror.3s" - instead. Note the relative path (relative to MANPATH, by
- default d:\usr\man). In this way, numerous manpages can refer
- to a single (larger) file. Do not compress files with source
- lines as man only checks for this line if it finds a file which
- is not compressed. Note that you can only compress files for
- viewing with manpager(1) and must set the MANPAGER environment
- variable as well.
-
- FILES
- d:\usr\man root of standard manual page directory tree
- d:\usr\man\man*\* manual entries
- d:\usr\man\whatis table of contents and keyword database
-
- SEE ALSO
- apropos(1), cat(1), less(1), manpager(1), nroff(1), whatis(1),
- whatisin(1), whereis(1), man(7)
-
- AUTHOR
- Bill Rosenkranz
- rosenkra@convex.com
-
- VERSION
- man v3.0 92/7/27 rosenkra
-
-