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- Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, b. Apr. 28, 1889, d. July 27,
- 1970, was dictator of !PORTUGAL!Portugal~ from 1932 to 1968--one of the
- most enduring of modern European statesmen. Born of a modest
- rural family, he studied in a seminary and graduated (1914)
- from the law school at Coimbra University. In 1918 he became
- professor of economics there and soon gained a reputation as a
- financial expert.
-
- In 1926, Salazar served briefly as finance minister, but he
- resigned because he was not given veto power over all
- expenditures. Two years later President Antonio de Carmona gave
- him the power he demanded, and in July 1932, Salazar became
- premier with dictatorial powers. He drafted the constitution of
- the fascistlike Estado Novo (New State); put into effect in
- 1933, it was based on Catholic corporatist principles.
-
- Salazar was an extreme conservative. A balanced budget, his
- primary aim in 1928, became sacrosanct policy thereafter. He
- maintained order with the help of a powerful secret police
- (PIDE), a large army, and the paramilitary Portuguese Legion.
- Meanwhile, the Portuguese people remained the poorest and least
- educated in Western Europe. In foreign affairs Salazar sought
- close relations with Spain, Britain, and the United States.
- Attached to a vision of !PORTUGAL!Portugal~'s imperial past, he was
- occupied in his last years in the futile and costly attempt to
- repress rebellions in the African colonies.
-
- Salazar was an austere and pious bachelor who shunned publicity
- and devoted all his time to state affairs. In September 1968 he
- suffered a stroke from which he never recovered.
-
-