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C ALGORITHM 697 , COLLECTED ALGORITHMS FROM ACM.
C THIS WORK PUBLISHED IN TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE,
C VOL. 17, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1991, PP. 367.
PROGRAM TTUVIP
C
C Test Program for the UVIP3P Subroutine
C
C Hiroshi Akima
C U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIA/ITS
C Version of 89/07/04
C
C This program tests the UVIP3P subroutine by calling UVIP3P, in
C a sequence, with two values of the NP argument, which is the
C degree of the polynomial for the interval between each pair of
C data points. With each NP value, this program calls UVIP3P in
C three ways:
C (1) in repeated calls with interpolation at a point in
C each call,
C (2) in one call with interpolation at all points, and
C (3) in one call as in (2) but with inverted data set.
C The program then compares the results with the expected values,
C precalculated and stored in the program, and writes the
C differences in two pages. If all entries in the last three
C columns on each page are all zeros, UVIP3P is considered to be
C working as expected. Otherwise, something is wrong in UVIP3P
C and/or the test program itself.
C
C Dummy arguments of the UVIP3P subroutine are described in the
C comments in the subroutine.
C
C Variables and arrays used in this program are
C NP = degree of the polynomial for the interval between
C each pair of data points,
C NPO = integer array of dimension 2 containing the two
C NP values,
C ND = number of data points,
C NI = number of interpolated points,
C XD1, YD1
C = arrays of dimension ND containing the abscissas
C and ordinates of the data points,
C XI1 = array of dimension NI containing the abscissas of
C the desired points,
C YIE = doubly-dimensioned array of dimension (NI,2)
C containing the expected values of the interpolated
C results for the two NP values in two columns,
C YI1 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD1, YD1, and XI1 values in
C repeated calls are to be stored,
C YI2 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD1, YD1, and XI1 values in
C one call are to be stored,
C XD3, YD3
C = arrays of dimension ND, where the abscissas and
C ordinates of the inverted data points are to be
C stored,
C XI3 = array of dimension NI, where the abscissas of the
C desired points for the inverted data points are to
C be stored,
C YI3 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD3, YD3, and XI3 values in
C one call are to be stored,
C DYI1, DYI2, DYI3
C = arrays of dimension NI, where the differences
C between the YI1, YI2, and YI3 values and their
C respective expected values are to be stored.
C
C
C Specification statements
DIMENSION NPO(2)
PARAMETER (ND=10, NI=31)
DIMENSION XD1(ND),YD1(ND),YIE(NI,2),XI1(NI)
DIMENSION XD3(ND),YD3(ND),XI3(NI)
DIMENSION YI1(NI),YI2(NI),YI3(NI)
DIMENSION DYI1(NI),DYI2(NI),DYI3(NI)
C Data statements
DATA NPO/ 3, 6/
DATA XD1/
1 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.5, 8.0,10.0,10.5,11.0,13.0,14.0/
DATA YD1/
1 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 4.5, 8.0,10.0,15.0/
DATA XI1/
1 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5,
2 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5,
3 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5,10.0,10.5,11.0,11.5,
4 12.0,12.5,13.0,13.5,14.0,14.5,15.0/
DATA YIE/
1 8*0.0,
2 6*0.0, 0.015, 0.052,
3 0.100, 0.036,-0.045, 0.172, 1.000, 4.500, 8.000,10.075,
4 10.705,10.483,10.000,11.204,15.000,19.767,24.533,
1 8*0.0,
2 6*0.0, 0.020, 0.057,
3 0.100, 0.134, 0.166, 0.314, 1.000, 4.500, 8.000, 9.689,
4 10.101,10.180,10.000,11.663,15.000,19.767,24.533/
C Opens the file (for the UNIX operating system).
C 10 OPEN (6,FILE='TTUOUT',FORM='PRINT')
C Calculation
C Do-loop with respect to the two NP values
20 DO 79 INP=1,2
NP=NPO(INP)
C Interpolation in repeated calls at a point in each call
30 DO 31 II=1,NI
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD1,YD1,1,XI1(II),YI1(II))
31 CONTINUE
C Interpolation in one call at all points
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD1,YD1,NI,XI1,YI2)
C Interpolation in one call with inverted data
40 DO 41 ID=1,ND
IDI=ND+1-ID
XD3(IDI)=XD1(1)+XD1(ND)-XD1(ID)
YD3(IDI)=YD1(ID)
41 CONTINUE
DO 42 II=1,NI
XI3(II)=XD1(1)+XD1(ND)-XI1(II)
42 CONTINUE
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD3,YD3,NI,XI3,YI3)
C Calculation of the differences between the calculated and
C expected values
50 DO 51 II=1,NI
DYI1(II)=YI1(II)-YIE(II,INP)
DYI2(II)=YI2(II)-YIE(II,INP)
DYI3(II)=YI3(II)-YIE(II,INP)
51 CONTINUE
C Writing the results
60 IF (INP.EQ.1) THEN
WRITE (*,6060) NP
ELSE
WRITE (*,6061) NP
END IF
WRITE (*,6062)
DO 69 II=1,NI
IF (MOD(II,4).EQ.2) WRITE (*,6063)
IF (II.LE.ND) THEN
ID=II
WRITE (*,6064) XD1(ID),YD1(ID),
1 XI1(II),YIE(II,INP),YI1(II),
2 DYI1(II),DYI2(II),DYI3(II)
ELSE
WRITE (*,6065) XI1(II),YIE(II,INP),YI1(II),
1 DYI1(II),DYI2(II),DYI3(II)
END IF
69 CONTINUE
79 CONTINUE
STOP
C Format statements
6060 FORMAT (1H ,
1 'TTUVIP',14X,'Test Program for UVIP3P',29X,'NP =',I2)
6061 FORMAT (1H1,
1 'TTUVIP',14X,'Test Program for UVIP3P',29X,'NP =',I2)
6062 FORMAT (1X///
1 6X,'Data Points',9X,'Interpolated Points ',
2 8X,' Differences '//
3 6X,'XD1 YD1',8X,'XI1 YIE YI1',
4 8X,'DYI1 DYI2 DYI3'/)
6063 FORMAT (1X)
6064 FORMAT (1X,2F9.3,2X,3F9.3,2X,3F9.3)
6065 FORMAT (19X,2X,3F9.3,2X,3F9.3)
END
SUBROUTINE UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD,YD,NI,XI, YI)
C
C Univariate Interpolation (Improved Akima Method)
C
C Hiroshi Akima
C U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIA/ITS
C Version of 89/07/04
C
C This subroutine performs univariate interpolation. It is based
C on the improved A method developed by Hiroshi Akima, 'A method
C of univariate interpolation that has the accuracy of a third-
C degree polynomial,' ACM TOMS, vol. xx, pp. xxx-xxx, 19xx. (The
C equation numbers referred to in the comments below are those in
C the paper.)
C
C In this method, the interpolating function is a piecewise
C function composed of a set of polynomials applicable to
C successive intervals of the given data points. This method
C uses third-degree polynomials as the default, but the user has
C an option to use higher-degree polynomial to reduce undulations
C in resulting curves.
C
C This method has the accuracy of a third-degree polynomial if
C the degree of the polynomials for the interpolating function is
C set to three.
C
C The input arguments are
C NP = degree of the polynomials for the interpolating
C function,
C ND = number of input data points
C (must be equal to 2 or greater),
C XD = array of dimension ND, containing the abscissas of
C the input data points
C (must be in a monotonic increasing order),
C YD = array of dimension ND, containing the ordinates of
C the input data points,
C NI = number of points for which interpolation is desired
C (must be equal to 1 or greater),
C XI = array of dimension NI, containing the abscissas of
C the desired points.
C
C The output argument is
C YI = array of dimension NI, where the ordinates of the
C desired points are to be stored.
C
C If an integer value smaller than 3 is given to the NP argument,
C this subroutine assumes NP = 3.
C
C The XI array elements need not be monotonic, but this
C subroutine interpolates faster if the XI array elements are
C given in a monotonic order.
C
C If the XI array element is less than XD(1) or greater than
C XD(ND), this subroutine linearly interpolates the YI value.
C
C
C Specification statement
DIMENSION XD(*),YD(*),XI(*), YI(*)
C Error check
10 IF (ND.LE.1) GO TO 90
IF (NI.LE.0) GO TO 91
DO 11 ID=2,ND
IF (XD(ID).LE.XD(ID-1)) GO TO 92
11 CONTINUE
C Branches off special cases.
IF (ND.LE.4) GO TO 50
C General case -- Five data points of more
C Calculates some local variables.
20 NP0=MAX(3,NP)
NPM1=NP0-1
RENPM1=NPM1
RENNM2=NP0*(NP0-2)
C Main calculation for the general case
C First (outermost) DO-loop with respect to the desired points
30 DO 39 II=1,NI
IF (II.EQ.1) IINTPV=-1
XII=XI(II)
C Locates the interval that includes the desired point by binary
C search.
IF (XII.LE.XD(1)) THEN
IINT=0
ELSE IF (XII.LT.XD(ND)) THEN
IDMN=1
IDMX=ND
IDMD=(IDMN+IDMX)/2
31 IF (XII.GE.XD(IDMD)) THEN
IDMN=IDMD
ELSE
IDMX=IDMD
END IF
IDMD=(IDMN+IDMX)/2
IF (IDMD.GT.IDMN) GO TO 31
IINT=IDMD
ELSE
IINT=ND
END IF
C End of locating the interval of interest
C Interpolation or extrapolation in one of the three subcases
IF (IINT.LE.0) THEN
C Subcase 1 -- Linear extrapolation when the abscissa of the
C desired point is equal to that of the first data
C point or less.
C Estimates the first derivative when the interval is not the
C same as the one for the previous desired point. --
C cf. Equation (8)
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
X0=XD(1)
X1=XD(2)-X0
X2=XD(3)-X0
X3=XD(4)-X0
Y0=YD(1)
Y1=YD(2)-Y0
Y2=YD(3)-Y0
Y3=YD(4)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
END IF
C Evaluates the YI value.
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XII-X0)
C End of Subcase 1
ELSE IF (IINT.GE.ND) THEN
C Subcase 2 -- Linear extrapolation when the abscissa of the
C desired point is equal to that of the last data
C point or greater.
C Estimates the first derivative when the interval is not the
C same as the one for the previous desired point. --
C cf. Equation (8)
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
X0=XD(ND)
X1=XD(ND-1)-X0
X2=XD(ND-2)-X0
X3=XD(ND-3)-X0
Y0=YD(ND)
Y1=YD(ND-1)-Y0
Y2=YD(ND-2)-Y0
Y3=YD(ND-3)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
END IF
C Evaluates the YI value.
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XII-X0)
C End of Subcase 2
ELSE
C Subcase 3 -- Interpolation when the abscissa of the desired
C point is between those of the first and last
C data points.
C Calculates the coefficients of the third-degree polynomial (for
C NP.LE.3) or the factors for the higher-degree polynomials (for
C NP.GT.3), when the interval is not the same as the one for the
C previous desired point.
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
C The second DO-loop with respect to the two endpoints of the
C interval
DO 37 IEPT=1,2
C Calculates the estimate of the first derivative at an endpoint.
C Initial setting for calculation
ID0=IINT+IEPT-1
X0=XD(ID0)
Y0=YD(ID0)
SMPEF=0.0
SMWTF=0.0
SMPEI=0.0
SMWTI=0.0
C The third (innermost) DO-loop with respect to the four primary
C estimate of the first derivative
DO 36 IPE=1,4
C Selects point numbers of four consecutive data points for
C calculating the primary estimate of the first derivative.
IF (IPE.EQ.1) THEN
ID1=ID0-3
ID2=ID0-2
ID3=ID0-1
ELSE IF (IPE.EQ.2) THEN
ID1=ID0+1
ELSE IF (IPE.EQ.3) THEN
ID2=ID0+2
ELSE
ID3=ID0+3
END IF
C Checks if any point number falls outside the legitimate range
C (between 1 and ND). Skips calculation of the primary estimate
C if any does.
IF (ID1.LT.1.OR.ID2.LT.1.OR.ID3.LT.1.OR.
1 ID1.GT.ND.OR.ID2.GT.ND.OR.ID3.GT.ND)
2 GO TO 36
C Calculates the primary estimate of the first derivative --
C cf. Equation (8)
X1=XD(ID1)-X0
X2=XD(ID2)-X0
X3=XD(ID3)-X0
Y1=YD(ID1)-Y0
Y2=YD(ID2)-Y0
Y3=YD(ID3)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
PE=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
C Calculates the volatility factor, VOL, and distance factor,
C SXX, for the primary estimate. -- cf. Equations (9) and (11)
SX=X1+X2+X3
SY=Y1+Y2+Y3
SXX=X1*X1+X2*X2+X3*X3
SXY=X1*Y1+X2*Y2+X3*Y3
DNM=4.0*SXX-SX*SX
B0=(SXX*SY-SX*SXY)/DNM
B1=(4.0*SXY-SX*SY)/DNM
DY0=-B0
DY1=Y1-(B0+B1*X1)
DY2=Y2-(B0+B1*X2)
DY3=Y3-(B0+B1*X3)
VOL=DY0*DY0+DY1*DY1+DY2*DY2+DY3*DY3
C Calculates the EPSLN value, which is used to decide whether or
C not the volatility factor, VOL, is essentially zero.
EPSLN=(YD(ID0)**2+YD(ID1)**2
1 +YD(ID2)**2+YD(ID3)**2)*1.0E-12
C Accumulates the weighted primary estimates. --
C cf. Equations (13) and (14)
IF (VOL.GT.EPSLN) THEN
C - For finite weight.
WT=1.0/(VOL*SXX)
SMPEF=SMPEF+PE*WT
SMWTF=SMWTF+WT
ELSE
C - For infinite weight.
SMPEI=SMPEI+PE
SMWTI=SMWTI+1.0
END IF
36 CONTINUE
C End of the third DO-loop
C Calculates the final estimate of the first derivative. --
C cf. Equation (14)
IF (SMWTI.LT.0.5) THEN
C - When no infinite weights exist.
YP=SMPEF/SMWTF
ELSE
C - When infinite weights exist.
YP=SMPEI/SMWTI
END IF
IF (IEPT.EQ.1) THEN
YP0=YP
ELSE
YP1=YP
END IF
C End of the calculation of the estimate of the first derivative
C at an endpoint
37 CONTINUE
C End of the second DO-loop
IF (NP0.LE.3) THEN
C Calculates the coefficients of the third-degree polynomial
C (when NP.LE.3). -- cf. Equation (4)
DX=XD(IINT+1)-XD(IINT)
DY=YD(IINT+1)-YD(IINT)
A0=YD(IINT)
A1=YP0
YP1=YP1-YP0
YP0=YP0-DY/DX
A2=-(3.0*YP0+YP1)/DX
A3= (2.0*YP0+YP1)/(DX*DX)
ELSE
C Calculates the factors for the higher-degree polynomials
C (when NP.GT.3). -- cf. Equation (20)
DX=XD(IINT+1)-XD(IINT)
DY=YD(IINT+1)-YD(IINT)
T0=YP0*DX-DY
T1=YP1*DX-DY
AA0= (T0+RENPM1*T1)/RENNM2
AA1=-(RENPM1*T0+T1)/RENNM2
END IF
END IF
C End of the calculation of the coefficients of the third-degree
C polynomial (when NP.LE.3) or the factors for the higher-degree
C polynomials (when NP.GT.3), when the interval is not the same
C as the one for the previous desired point.
C Evaluates the YI value.
IF (NP0.LE.3) THEN
C - With a third-degree polynomial. -- cf. Equation (3)
XX=XII-XD(IINT)
YI(II)=A0+XX*(A1+XX*(A2+XX*A3))
ELSE
C - With a higher-degree polynomial. -- cf. Equation (19)
U=(XII-XD(IINT))/DX
UC=1.0-U
V=AA0*((U**NP0)-U)+AA1*((UC**NP0)-UC)
YI(II)=YD(IINT)+DY*U+V
END IF
C End of Subcase 3
END IF
39 CONTINUE
C End of the first DO-loop
C End of general case
RETURN
C Special cases -- Four data points or less
C Preliminary processing for the special cases
50 X0=XD(1)
Y0=YD(1)
X1=XD(2)-X0
Y1=YD(2)-Y0
IF (ND.EQ.2) GO TO 60
X2=XD(3)-X0
Y2=YD(3)-Y0
IF (ND.EQ.3) GO TO 70
X3=XD(4)-X0
Y3=YD(4)-Y0
GO TO 80
C Special Case 1 -- Two data points
C (Linear interpolation and extrapolation)
60 A1=Y1/X1
DO 61 II=1,NI
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XI(II)-X0)
61 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 1
RETURN
C Special Case 2 -- Three data points
C (Quadratic interpolation and linear extrapolation)
70 DLT=X1*X2*(X2-X1)
A1=(X2*X2*Y1-X1*X1*Y2)/DLT
A2=(X1*Y2-X2*Y1)/DLT
A12=2.0*A2*X2+A1
DO 71 II=1,NI
XX=XI(II)-X0
IF (XX.LE.0.0) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+A1*XX
ELSE IF (XX.LT.X2) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+XX*(A1+XX*A2)
ELSE
YI(II)=Y0+Y2+A12*(XX-X2)
END IF
71 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 2
RETURN
C Special Case 3 -- Four data points
C (Cubic interpolation and linear extrapolation)
80 DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
A2=(X2*X3*(X2*X2-X3*X3)*Y1
1 +X3*X1*(X3*X3-X1*X1)*Y2
2 +X1*X2*(X1*X1-X2*X2)*Y3)/DLT
A3=(X2*X3*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +X3*X1*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +X1*X2*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
A13=(3.0*A3*X3+2.0*A2)*X3+A1
DO 81 II=1,NI
XX=XI(II)-X0
IF (XX.LE.0.0) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+A1*XX
ELSE IF (XX.LT.X3) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+XX*(A1+XX*(A2+XX*A3))
ELSE
YI(II)=Y0+Y3+A13*(XX-X3)
END IF
81 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 3
RETURN
C Error exit
90 WRITE (*,99090) ND
GO TO 99
91 WRITE (*,99091) NI
GO TO 99
92 WRITE (*,99092) ID,XD(ID-1),XD(ID)
99 WRITE (*,99099)
RETURN
C Format statements for error messages
99090 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** Insufficient data points.'
1 7X,'ND =',I3)
99091 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** No desired points.'
1 7X,'NI =',I3)
99092 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** Two data points identical or out of ',
1 'sequence.'/
2 7X,'ID, XD(ID-1), XD(ID) =',I5,2F10.3)
99099 FORMAT (' Error detected in the UVIP3P subroutine'/)
END
PROGRAM TTUVIP
C
C Test Program for the UVIP3P Subroutine
C
C Hiroshi Akima
C U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIA/ITS
C Version of 89/07/04
C
C This program tests the UVIP3P subroutine by calling UVIP3P, in
C a sequence, with two values of the NP argument, which is the
C degree of the polynomial for the interval between each pair of
C data points. With each NP value, this program calls UVIP3P in
C three ways:
C (1) in repeated calls with interpolation at a point in
C each call,
C (2) in one call with interpolation at all points, and
C (3) in one call as in (2) but with inverted data set.
C The program then compares the results with the expected values,
C precalculated and stored in the program, and writes the
C differences in two pages. If all entries in the last three
C columns on each page are all zeros, UVIP3P is considered to be
C working as expected. Otherwise, something is wrong in UVIP3P
C and/or the test program itself.
C
C Dummy arguments of the UVIP3P subroutine are described in the
C comments in the subroutine.
C
C Variables and arrays used in this program are
C NP = degree of the polynomial for the interval between
C each pair of data points,
C NPO = integer array of dimension 2 containing the two
C NP values,
C ND = number of data points,
C NI = number of interpolated points,
C XD1, YD1
C = arrays of dimension ND containing the abscissas
C and ordinates of the data points,
C XI1 = array of dimension NI containing the abscissas of
C the desired points,
C YIE = doubly-dimensioned array of dimension (NI,2)
C containing the expected values of the interpolated
C results for the two NP values in two columns,
C YI1 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD1, YD1, and XI1 values in
C repeated calls are to be stored,
C YI2 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD1, YD1, and XI1 values in
C one call are to be stored,
C XD3, YD3
C = arrays of dimension ND, where the abscissas and
C ordinates of the inverted data points are to be
C stored,
C XI3 = array of dimension NI, where the abscissas of the
C desired points for the inverted data points are to
C be stored,
C YI3 = array of dimension NI, where the ordinate values
C interpolated from the XD3, YD3, and XI3 values in
C one call are to be stored,
C DYI1, DYI2, DYI3
C = arrays of dimension NI, where the differences
C between the YI1, YI2, and YI3 values and their
C respective expected values are to be stored.
C
C
C Specification statements
DIMENSION NPO(2)
PARAMETER (ND=10, NI=31)
DIMENSION XD1(ND),YD1(ND),YIE(NI,2),XI1(NI)
DIMENSION XD3(ND),YD3(ND),XI3(NI)
DIMENSION YI1(NI),YI2(NI),YI3(NI)
DIMENSION DYI1(NI),DYI2(NI),DYI3(NI)
C Data statements
DATA NPO/ 3, 6/
DATA XD1/
1 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.5, 8.0,10.0,10.5,11.0,13.0,14.0/
DATA YD1/
1 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 4.5, 8.0,10.0,15.0/
DATA XI1/
1 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5,
2 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5,
3 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5,10.0,10.5,11.0,11.5,
4 12.0,12.5,13.0,13.5,14.0,14.5,15.0/
DATA YIE/
1 8*0.0,
2 6*0.0, 0.015, 0.052,
3 0.100, 0.036,-0.045, 0.172, 1.000, 4.500, 8.000,10.075,
4 10.705,10.483,10.000,11.204,15.000,19.767,24.533,
1 8*0.0,
2 6*0.0, 0.020, 0.057,
3 0.100, 0.134, 0.166, 0.314, 1.000, 4.500, 8.000, 9.689,
4 10.101,10.180,10.000,11.663,15.000,19.767,24.533/
C Opens the file (for the UNIX operating system).
10 OPEN (6,FILE='TTUOUT',FORM='PRINT')
C Calculation
C Do-loop with respect to the two NP values
20 DO 79 INP=1,2
NP=NPO(INP)
C Interpolation in repeated calls at a point in each call
30 DO 31 II=1,NI
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD1,YD1,1,XI1(II),YI1(II))
31 CONTINUE
C Interpolation in one call at all points
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD1,YD1,NI,XI1,YI2)
C Interpolation in one call with inverted data
40 DO 41 ID=1,ND
IDI=ND+1-ID
XD3(IDI)=XD1(1)+XD1(ND)-XD1(ID)
YD3(IDI)=YD1(ID)
41 CONTINUE
DO 42 II=1,NI
XI3(II)=XD1(1)+XD1(ND)-XI1(II)
42 CONTINUE
CALL UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD3,YD3,NI,XI3,YI3)
C Calculation of the differences between the calculated and
C expected values
50 DO 51 II=1,NI
DYI1(II)=YI1(II)-YIE(II,INP)
DYI2(II)=YI2(II)-YIE(II,INP)
DYI3(II)=YI3(II)-YIE(II,INP)
51 CONTINUE
C Writing the results
60 IF (INP.EQ.1) THEN
WRITE (*,6060) NP
ELSE
WRITE (*,6061) NP
END IF
WRITE (*,6062)
DO 69 II=1,NI
IF (MOD(II,4).EQ.2) WRITE (*,6063)
IF (II.LE.ND) THEN
ID=II
WRITE (*,6064) XD1(ID),YD1(ID),
1 XI1(II),YIE(II,INP),YI1(II),
2 DYI1(II),DYI2(II),DYI3(II)
ELSE
WRITE (*,6065) XI1(II),YIE(II,INP),YI1(II),
1 DYI1(II),DYI2(II),DYI3(II)
END IF
69 CONTINUE
79 CONTINUE
STOP
C Format statements
6060 FORMAT (1H ,
1 'TTUVIP',14X,'Test Program for UVIP3P',29X,'NP =',I2)
6061 FORMAT (1H1,
1 'TTUVIP',14X,'Test Program for UVIP3P',29X,'NP =',I2)
6062 FORMAT (1X///
1 6X,'Data Points',9X,'Interpolated Points ',
2 8X,' Differences '//
3 6X,'XD1 YD1',8X,'XI1 YIE YI1',
4 8X,'DYI1 DYI2 DYI3'/)
6063 FORMAT (1X)
6064 FORMAT (1X,2F9.3,2X,3F9.3,2X,3F9.3)
6065 FORMAT (19X,2X,3F9.3,2X,3F9.3)
END
SUBROUTINE UVIP3P(NP,ND,XD,YD,NI,XI, YI)
C
C Univariate Interpolation (Improved Akima Method)
C
C Hiroshi Akima
C U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIA/ITS
C Version of 89/07/04
C
C This subroutine performs univariate interpolation. It is based
C on the improved A method developed by Hiroshi Akima, 'A method
C of univariate interpolation that has the accuracy of a third-
C degree polynomial,' ACM TOMS, vol. xx, pp. xxx-xxx, 19xx. (The
C equation numbers referred to in the comments below are those in
C the paper.)
C
C In this method, the interpolating function is a piecewise
C function composed of a set of polynomials applicable to
C successive intervals of the given data points. This method
C uses third-degree polynomials as the default, but the user has
C an option to use higher-degree polynomial to reduce undulations
C in resulting curves.
C
C This method has the accuracy of a third-degree polynomial if
C the degree of the polynomials for the interpolating function is
C set to three.
C
C The input arguments are
C NP = degree of the polynomials for the interpolating
C function,
C ND = number of input data points
C (must be equal to 2 or greater),
C XD = array of dimension ND, containing the abscissas of
C the input data points
C (must be in a monotonic increasing order),
C YD = array of dimension ND, containing the ordinates of
C the input data points,
C NI = number of points for which interpolation is desired
C (must be equal to 1 or greater),
C XI = array of dimension NI, containing the abscissas of
C the desired points.
C
C The output argument is
C YI = array of dimension NI, where the ordinates of the
C desired points are to be stored.
C
C If an integer value smaller than 3 is given to the NP argument,
C this subroutine assumes NP = 3.
C
C The XI array elements need not be monotonic, but this
C subroutine interpolates faster if the XI array elements are
C given in a monotonic order.
C
C If the XI array element is less than XD(1) or greater than
C XD(ND), this subroutine linearly interpolates the YI value.
C
C
C Specification statement
DIMENSION XD(*),YD(*),XI(*), YI(*)
C Error check
10 IF (ND.LE.1) GO TO 90
IF (NI.LE.0) GO TO 91
DO 11 ID=2,ND
IF (XD(ID).LE.XD(ID-1)) GO TO 92
11 CONTINUE
C Branches off special cases.
IF (ND.LE.4) GO TO 50
C General case -- Five data points of more
C Calculates some local variables.
20 NP0=MAX(3,NP)
NPM1=NP0-1
RENPM1=NPM1
RENNM2=NP0*(NP0-2)
C Main calculation for the general case
C First (outermost) DO-loop with respect to the desired points
30 DO 39 II=1,NI
IF (II.EQ.1) IINTPV=-1
XII=XI(II)
C Locates the interval that includes the desired point by binary
C search.
IF (XII.LE.XD(1)) THEN
IINT=0
ELSE IF (XII.LT.XD(ND)) THEN
IDMN=1
IDMX=ND
IDMD=(IDMN+IDMX)/2
31 IF (XII.GE.XD(IDMD)) THEN
IDMN=IDMD
ELSE
IDMX=IDMD
END IF
IDMD=(IDMN+IDMX)/2
IF (IDMD.GT.IDMN) GO TO 31
IINT=IDMD
ELSE
IINT=ND
END IF
C End of locating the interval of interest
C Interpolation or extrapolation in one of the three subcases
IF (IINT.LE.0) THEN
C Subcase 1 -- Linear extrapolation when the abscissa of the
C desired point is equal to that of the first data
C point or less.
C Estimates the first derivative when the interval is not the
C same as the one for the previous desired point. --
C cf. Equation (8)
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
X0=XD(1)
X1=XD(2)-X0
X2=XD(3)-X0
X3=XD(4)-X0
Y0=YD(1)
Y1=YD(2)-Y0
Y2=YD(3)-Y0
Y3=YD(4)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
END IF
C Evaluates the YI value.
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XII-X0)
C End of Subcase 1
ELSE IF (IINT.GE.ND) THEN
C Subcase 2 -- Linear extrapolation when the abscissa of the
C desired point is equal to that of the last data
C point or greater.
C Estimates the first derivative when the interval is not the
C same as the one for the previous desired point. --
C cf. Equation (8)
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
X0=XD(ND)
X1=XD(ND-1)-X0
X2=XD(ND-2)-X0
X3=XD(ND-3)-X0
Y0=YD(ND)
Y1=YD(ND-1)-Y0
Y2=YD(ND-2)-Y0
Y3=YD(ND-3)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
END IF
C Evaluates the YI value.
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XII-X0)
C End of Subcase 2
ELSE
C Subcase 3 -- Interpolation when the abscissa of the desired
C point is between those of the first and last
C data points.
C Calculates the coefficients of the third-degree polynomial (for
C NP.LE.3) or the factors for the higher-degree polynomials (for
C NP.GT.3), when the interval is not the same as the one for the
C previous desired point.
IF (IINT.NE.IINTPV) THEN
IINTPV=IINT
C The second DO-loop with respect to the two endpoints of the
C interval
DO 37 IEPT=1,2
C Calculates the estimate of the first derivative at an endpoint.
C Initial setting for calculation
ID0=IINT+IEPT-1
X0=XD(ID0)
Y0=YD(ID0)
SMPEF=0.0
SMWTF=0.0
SMPEI=0.0
SMWTI=0.0
C The third (innermost) DO-loop with respect to the four primary
C estimate of the first derivative
DO 36 IPE=1,4
C Selects point numbers of four consecutive data points for
C calculating the primary estimate of the first derivative.
IF (IPE.EQ.1) THEN
ID1=ID0-3
ID2=ID0-2
ID3=ID0-1
ELSE IF (IPE.EQ.2) THEN
ID1=ID0+1
ELSE IF (IPE.EQ.3) THEN
ID2=ID0+2
ELSE
ID3=ID0+3
END IF
C Checks if any point number falls outside the legitimate range
C (between 1 and ND). Skips calculation of the primary estimate
C if any does.
IF (ID1.LT.1.OR.ID2.LT.1.OR.ID3.LT.1.OR.
1 ID1.GT.ND.OR.ID2.GT.ND.OR.ID3.GT.ND)
2 GO TO 36
C Calculates the primary estimate of the first derivative --
C cf. Equation (8)
X1=XD(ID1)-X0
X2=XD(ID2)-X0
X3=XD(ID3)-X0
Y1=YD(ID1)-Y0
Y2=YD(ID2)-Y0
Y3=YD(ID3)-Y0
DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
PE=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
C Calculates the volatility factor, VOL, and distance factor,
C SXX, for the primary estimate. -- cf. Equations (9) and (11)
SX=X1+X2+X3
SY=Y1+Y2+Y3
SXX=X1*X1+X2*X2+X3*X3
SXY=X1*Y1+X2*Y2+X3*Y3
DNM=4.0*SXX-SX*SX
B0=(SXX*SY-SX*SXY)/DNM
B1=(4.0*SXY-SX*SY)/DNM
DY0=-B0
DY1=Y1-(B0+B1*X1)
DY2=Y2-(B0+B1*X2)
DY3=Y3-(B0+B1*X3)
VOL=DY0*DY0+DY1*DY1+DY2*DY2+DY3*DY3
C Calculates the EPSLN value, which is used to decide whether or
C not the volatility factor, VOL, is essentially zero.
EPSLN=(YD(ID0)**2+YD(ID1)**2
1 +YD(ID2)**2+YD(ID3)**2)*1.0E-12
C Accumulates the weighted primary estimates. --
C cf. Equations (13) and (14)
IF (VOL.GT.EPSLN) THEN
C - For finite weight.
WT=1.0/(VOL*SXX)
SMPEF=SMPEF+PE*WT
SMWTF=SMWTF+WT
ELSE
C - For infinite weight.
SMPEI=SMPEI+PE
SMWTI=SMWTI+1.0
END IF
36 CONTINUE
C End of the third DO-loop
C Calculates the final estimate of the first derivative. --
C cf. Equation (14)
IF (SMWTI.LT.0.5) THEN
C - When no infinite weights exist.
YP=SMPEF/SMWTF
ELSE
C - When infinite weights exist.
YP=SMPEI/SMWTI
END IF
IF (IEPT.EQ.1) THEN
YP0=YP
ELSE
YP1=YP
END IF
C End of the calculation of the estimate of the first derivative
C at an endpoint
37 CONTINUE
C End of the second DO-loop
IF (NP0.LE.3) THEN
C Calculates the coefficients of the third-degree polynomial
C (when NP.LE.3). -- cf. Equation (4)
DX=XD(IINT+1)-XD(IINT)
DY=YD(IINT+1)-YD(IINT)
A0=YD(IINT)
A1=YP0
YP1=YP1-YP0
YP0=YP0-DY/DX
A2=-(3.0*YP0+YP1)/DX
A3= (2.0*YP0+YP1)/(DX*DX)
ELSE
C Calculates the factors for the higher-degree polynomials
C (when NP.GT.3). -- cf. Equation (20)
DX=XD(IINT+1)-XD(IINT)
DY=YD(IINT+1)-YD(IINT)
T0=YP0*DX-DY
T1=YP1*DX-DY
AA0= (T0+RENPM1*T1)/RENNM2
AA1=-(RENPM1*T0+T1)/RENNM2
END IF
END IF
C End of the calculation of the coefficients of the third-degree
C polynomial (when NP.LE.3) or the factors for the higher-degree
C polynomials (when NP.GT.3), when the interval is not the same
C as the one for the previous desired point.
C Evaluates the YI value.
IF (NP0.LE.3) THEN
C - With a third-degree polynomial. -- cf. Equation (3)
XX=XII-XD(IINT)
YI(II)=A0+XX*(A1+XX*(A2+XX*A3))
ELSE
C - With a higher-degree polynomial. -- cf. Equation (19)
U=(XII-XD(IINT))/DX
UC=1.0-U
V=AA0*((U**NP0)-U)+AA1*((UC**NP0)-UC)
YI(II)=YD(IINT)+DY*U+V
END IF
C End of Subcase 3
END IF
39 CONTINUE
C End of the first DO-loop
C End of general case
RETURN
C Special cases -- Four data points or less
C Preliminary processing for the special cases
50 X0=XD(1)
Y0=YD(1)
X1=XD(2)-X0
Y1=YD(2)-Y0
IF (ND.EQ.2) GO TO 60
X2=XD(3)-X0
Y2=YD(3)-Y0
IF (ND.EQ.3) GO TO 70
X3=XD(4)-X0
Y3=YD(4)-Y0
GO TO 80
C Special Case 1 -- Two data points
C (Linear interpolation and extrapolation)
60 A1=Y1/X1
DO 61 II=1,NI
YI(II)=Y0+A1*(XI(II)-X0)
61 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 1
RETURN
C Special Case 2 -- Three data points
C (Quadratic interpolation and linear extrapolation)
70 DLT=X1*X2*(X2-X1)
A1=(X2*X2*Y1-X1*X1*Y2)/DLT
A2=(X1*Y2-X2*Y1)/DLT
A12=2.0*A2*X2+A1
DO 71 II=1,NI
XX=XI(II)-X0
IF (XX.LE.0.0) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+A1*XX
ELSE IF (XX.LT.X2) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+XX*(A1+XX*A2)
ELSE
YI(II)=Y0+Y2+A12*(XX-X2)
END IF
71 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 2
RETURN
C Special Case 3 -- Four data points
C (Cubic interpolation and linear extrapolation)
80 DLT=X1*X2*X3*(X2-X1)*(X3-X2)*(X3-X1)
A1=(((X2*X3)**2)*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +((X3*X1)**2)*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +((X1*X2)**2)*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
A2=(X2*X3*(X2*X2-X3*X3)*Y1
1 +X3*X1*(X3*X3-X1*X1)*Y2
2 +X1*X2*(X1*X1-X2*X2)*Y3)/DLT
A3=(X2*X3*(X3-X2)*Y1
1 +X3*X1*(X1-X3)*Y2
2 +X1*X2*(X2-X1)*Y3)/DLT
A13=(3.0*A3*X3+2.0*A2)*X3+A1
DO 81 II=1,NI
XX=XI(II)-X0
IF (XX.LE.0.0) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+A1*XX
ELSE IF (XX.LT.X3) THEN
YI(II)=Y0+XX*(A1+XX*(A2+XX*A3))
ELSE
YI(II)=Y0+Y3+A13*(XX-X3)
END IF
81 CONTINUE
C End of Special Case 3
RETURN
C Error exit
90 WRITE (*,99090) ND
GO TO 99
91 WRITE (*,99091) NI
GO TO 99
92 WRITE (*,99092) ID,XD(ID-1),XD(ID)
99 WRITE (*,99099)
RETURN
C Format statements for error messages
99090 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** Insufficient data points.'
1 7X,'ND =',I3)
99091 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** No desired points.'
1 7X,'NI =',I3)
99092 FORMAT (1X/ ' *** Two data points identical or out of ',
1 'sequence.'/
2 7X,'ID, XD(ID-1), XD(ID) =',I5,2F10.3)
99099 FORMAT (' Error detected in the UVIP3P subroutine'/)
END