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..>f
FILE BASICS
Operations
Making subfiles
Shortcuts
OPERATIONS
..>fo
..>foc
F-Open/create a file
When you open a file, PC-Write reads it from disk into computer's memory.
You can type over name at prompt, or arrow past path to change just name. If
file doesn't exist, it is created (upon your confirmation). If you typed
name of file improperly, you can retype it. See Filenames. Opening a file
closes (exits) current file, unless you split window. See Window split
KEYS: Alt F O (F1 F6)
..>fob
Backups
Whenever you open a file, you can write a backup to keep in case you run
into problems while editing. You can set program to always or never backup,
or backup on exiting instead. See CUSTOMIZE
For file switching options after Alt F O, see SHORTCUTS.
Have PC-Write remember names of files you've been editing. See CUSTOMIZE
To set a permanent filename extension or location, see CUSTOMIZE.
..mfh
F-If your memory doesn't have enough free space to open the file specified,
PC-Write may ask to free the hold area to make more room. See Hold text
You may have to break a large file into smaller ones. See MAKING SUBFILES
..>fol
Read-only mode
You can read a locked file (e.g. on a network) on screen but cannot write
changes to it. See SHORTCUTS
..>fl
F-List & open
From the list of files, highlight one and press Enter to open it.
Highlighting a subdirectory name (ends with \) and pressing Enter displays
its files. Or, press F8 to type in name of directory not listed. F8 option
is also available at all filename prompts. See also List files
KEYS: Alt F L (F1 F6 F8 Enter).
..>fn
F-New name
Type over old name that appears at prompt, then press Enter. Now when you
save or exit file, your text is written to new name. If you saved file when
it had the old name, the old file is still on your disk. See also Rename
If you haven't yet named your document, status line shows "<no name>".
You're asked to name it when PC-Write needs to write it to disk.
KEYS: Alt F N (F1 F5)
..>fs
..dfl
..cns
Save a file
When you make changes to a file on screen, the changes are only in your
computer's memory. Save changes to disk often, to prevent losing editing if
your computer loses power. If you've taken the floppy disk that contains
your file out of its original drive, you need to reinsert the correct disk.
If your disk is too full to save added text, you can save to a different,
less full disk.
KEYS: Alt F S (F1 F3)
PC-Write can periodically save or remind you to save. See CUSTOMIZE
..>fus
..>fue
..>fu
Undo changes
If you make a big mistake, reopen file as it was before you made changes.
This cancels only changes made since last time you saved. Once you've saved,
the only way to cancel changes is to start over, using your backup copy.
KEYS: Alt F U
S Since last save (F1 F9 F6 F10)
E Exit, no save (F1 F9 F2)
..>fe
Exit a file
You can exit a file by exiting PC-Write. If you have changed your document
since the last time you saved, the file is automatically saved.
To exit a file without saving it, undo changes first. See Undo changes
KEYS: Alt F E (F1 F2)
F-If you want to exit your current file but don't want to exit PC-Write, you
can open another file (which exits current file). See Open/create a file
Closing a window exits a file, too. See WINDOW SPLIT
..>fotb=
..>for
..>fotb
MAKING SUBFILES
If you try to open a file too big to fit in memory, PC-Write asks if you
want to break it into smaller files to edit separately. If subfile with same
name already exists, you can cancel overwriting that file.
To put subfiles back into one, use DOS COPY command:
A>COPY file1 + file2 + file3 bigfile
copies "file1", "file2", and "file3" to a file named "bigfile"
See DOS commands
SHORTCUTS
Loading options
open file, no backup ED filename/e
open file, create backup ED filename/s
To permanently set backup status, see CUSTOMIZE
create file as typed ED filename/c
list files to open ED *.*
(or use filename.* or *.ext)
open file, Read Only ED filename/r
open to nn line in file ED filename/nn
show control files read ED filename/w
All / options may be used in combination. For example: filename/e/w
F-File Switching
(All load options listed above are also available when switching files.)
Quick switch, no backup F1 F6, filename, F10
Quick switch, with backup F1 F6, filename, F9
Quick switch to prior/next file in series F1 F6 F5/F7
Switch to filename at cursor F1 F6 F6 (useful in ED.DIR)
..ssn
..ssf
..ssr
..ssp
..spr
F-Files in a series
Using F5 or F7 Quick switch following F1 F6 (Alt F O) tells PC-Write you're
editing files in series. Series files have same name with incremental last
one or two digit number or letter (FILE1.DOC, FILE2.DOC). Search & replace,
spell scan, update references, renumbering, and printing can continue to
next file, once you've reached end of current file. Both Print and Update
references check for file series even if you haven't used F5/F7 once.
To permanently turn on/off files series option, see CUSTOMIZE.
Printing options
Display print menu, exit when done ED filename/p
Print all pages, then exit ED filename/p/e
Display print range menu, exit when done ED filename/p/s
Print multiple copies, then exit ED filename/p/e/nn
(nn is number of copies)
See also PRINTING
..>fc
F=FILE CONVERT
To open a file not in PC-Write format you must import it first. To save
a PC-Write file in another format you must export it.
F≡To insert a graphic file not in pixel format you must graphic convert it.
..>fci
F=Import
Convert and open a file not in current PC-Write format.
KEYS: Alt F C I (Shf-F6) then:
..>fcio
F=O (F2) Old PC-Write (previous to Standard level 2.0)
converts older style page breaks and guide lines
..>fcih
F=H (F3) Highbits (Wordstar, strips characters above 127)
..>fciw
F=W (F4) WordPerfect file (version 5.0 or 5.1)
..>fcid
F=D (F5) DCA (IBM's Document Content Architecture)
..>fci=
At import filename prompt:
1. Type name of file to convert (or press F8 to choose from list).
Be sure to include file extension (.TXT, .DOC, etc.). See Filenames
2. Press F10, type PC-Write name you want file to have, then Enter.
..>fce
F=Export
Write a copy of your file to a file in another format.
..>fceh
KEYS: Alt F C I (Shf-F6) then:
..>fcio
F=H (F6) Hard ASCII (keeps hard returns, page breaks)
..>fces
F=S (F7) Soft ASCII (transport to other text processor)
..>fcew
F=W (F8) WordPerfect file (version 5.0 or 5.1)
..>fced
F=D (F9) DCA (IBM's Document Content Architecture format)
..>fce=
At export filename prompt, type name for converted file.
Be sure to include file extension (.TXT, .DOC, etc.). See Filenames
..>fcac
ASCII export may ask to delete codes above 127. This includes box drawing,
accented letters, and special hyphens/spaces. See Extended characters
To remove non-ASCII characters from current document, see Convert.
To convert tabs, spaces, or line ends in document, see Convert.
..>fg
F≡FILE GRAPHIC
Images are stored in separate graphic files and signature files.
They can be kept in the same directory as document files or in the
graphic directory, and accessed with a path abbreviation.
They can be graphic inserted into a text file.
They can be file viewed before being inserted into a document.
F≡Graphic File
A graphic file is an image file in pixel format. Its default file name
extension is .PIX, but any extension may be used. Other image formats must
be graphic converted to pixel format.
F≡Signature File
A graphic file can be protected with a password that's defined when the
file is stored. Its file name extension must be .SIG. If the wrong
password is given when read, the file will be scrambled, so be careful!
..>fgv
F≡File view
Display a full-screen view of a graphic file. The file can be selected by:
..>fgvf
1. Full path, path abbreviation, or default to graphic directory.
KEYS: Alt F G V F (Shf-F5 F3) file name Enter. Enter returns to edit.
..>fgvl
2. Choose from list of graphic files. Defaults to current directory.
KEYS: Alt F G V L (Shf-F5 F3 F8) Arrow Enter. Enter returns to list.
..>fgvn
..>fgvp
3. Next (or first) or prior graphic file in last used directory.
KEYS: Alt F G V N. Enter return to menu.
KEYS: Alt F G V P. Enter return to menu.
F≡Graphic Directory
A graphic file can be stored in any directory, but those unique to a single
document are usually stored in the same directory as that document. Shared
files are usually stored in PC-Write's graphic directory (\PCW\PIX).
F≡Path Abbreviation
The path to a graphic file may use one of two path abbreviations.
DOC: for the document's directory. Allows a document and this graphic file
to be moved between directories or computers.
PIX: for the graphic directory. Allows a document to be moved between
directories without also moving this graphic file.
..>fgc
..>px
F≡Graphic Convert
PC-Write can convert image files in any one of four different formats
(.PCX, .TIF, .CGM, or .PIC) into graphic files in pixel format (.PIX).
Use a separate program, like HiJaak, to convert other image formats.
KEYS: Alt F G C F9 old file name F10 new file name Enter.
..>fm
F=FILE MANAGE
These commands help with file housekeeping within PC-Write. Similar
functions and more are available when you exit to DOS. See DOS commands
..>fmr
..>fmr=
F=Rename
Alt F N (F1 F5) renames the file currently in memory. See New name
Alt F M R (Alt-F1 F5) renames a file on disk.
..foc
If you type the name of a file that already exists, you're asked if you
want to write over existing file.
..>fmc
..>fmc=
F=Copy
Alt F M C (Alt-F1 F6) writes a copy of your file to disk.
You can write it to a different name or location by typing at prompt.
To copy files other than current one, use DOS COPY. See DOS commands
..>fme
..>fme=
..>fme=c
F=Delete
Alt F M E (Alt-F1 F7) deletes a file on disk. You're always asked to
confirm your deletion. To delete the file currently open, first delete the
copy on disk; then exit PC-Write without saving changes. See Undo changes
..>fml
F=List files
Alt-F1 F8 then Enter lists files in current directory. If there are
subdirectories, you can highlight one and press Enter to list its files. The
parent directory (indicated by '..\') can be selected to return to list
files in previous directory. To list files in a directory not listed, press
F8 and type a different name at directory prompt. Listing files is available
at any filename prompt by pressing F8. See also List & open
The listing displays file size, date, and time if room. Otherwise, just
filename displays. F4 switches back and forth between listing types.
To set default listing type, see CUSTOMIZE.
..>fmd
..>fmd=
F≡DOS drive:dir
Changing the current DOS drive and/or directory (path) from within PC-Write
makes it easy to access files on a new path. Then you don't have to type a
path each time you open another file. See also Name prefix below.
KEYS: Alt F M D (Alt-F1 F3)
..>fmn
..>fmn=
F≡Name prefix
Prefix letters are inserted before every name typed at a file prompt. This
is handy for a series of files that all begin with the same name. Or, use it
to access files on another drive or directory, without changing DOS path.
To set a permanent prefix for names, see CUSTOMIZE.
KEYS: Alt F M N (Alt-F1 F2)
..>fmo
F≡Open notes
Opening directory notes switches to a file named ED.DIR in the current
directory (if it doesn't exist, it's created). The notes file contains a
directory listing with space for you to type comments. The file is updated
each time you open it, to show new (+) or deleted (-) files.
To exclude file size, date, or time for entries, see CUSTOMIZE.
KEYS: Alt F M O (Alt-F1 F9)
..>fd
..>fds
F=DOS SHELL
If your computer has enough memory you may temporarily exit PC-Write to run
another program or DOS command, keeping PC-Write and your file in memory.
Alt F D S (F1 F4 then Enter) shells to DOS. The screen shows a prompt
(A>) just like when you exit PC-Write. Now you can type DOS commands as
usual. See DOS commands
The shell is fine for most applications, but not for loading memory resident
programs that stay active. To load a resident program, exit PC-Write first.
..>fdr
F=Alt F D R (F1 F4) runs a DOS command directly from PC-Write.
The top line reads:
Command file (Esc:cancel F8:dir): "drive:\COMMAND.COM"
where "drive" is boot drive.
Type name of .COM or .EXE file to execute. PC-Write looks first for a .COM,
then for a .EXE file.
Exiting the Shell, Re-entering PC-Write
When you run a program directly from PC-Write, and the program finishes,
you're prompted with:
To return to the edit program, press any key
Or, if at the DOS prompt in the shell, type
C>EXIT
then press Enter.
Shell is suitable for applications that are complete upon return to PC-Write
but not for loading a memory resident program that stays active upon return
to PC-Write. To load a resident program, exit PC-Write normally.
DOS commands
PC-Write can do these DOS operations: del, dir, ren. See FILE MANAGE
For commands below, "A>" is the DOS prompt.
A>FORMAT b:
formats diskette in drive B
A>COPY fromfile tofile
copies "fromfile" to "tofile"
A>SORT < infilename > outfilename
sorts lines in "infilename" and puts them in "outfilename"
You can run DOS commands directly from PC-Write. See DOS SHELL
Filenames
DOS filenames are 1 to 8 characters, plus an extension of 0 to 3 letters.
The format is: FILENAME.EXT
You can use letters A-Z (upper and lower case are the same), numbers 0-9,
and the symbols $ & # @ ! % ( ) { } - _ ~ in a filename.
Filenames can be preceded by a drive and/or a pathname, for example:
C:\PCW\filename.ext
Think of drive and path as part of the full filename. With no drive and/or
path specified, DOS assumes the currently logged drive and subdirectory.
..>lf
G-FONTS
G-Fonts set look of characters when printed. They have three categories:
Typefaces: shape of character, such as Courier and Times.
Sizes: character width and height, such as 10 cpi or 12 point.
Effects: special enhancements, such as underline and bold.
Typefaces and sizes set spacing of characters; only one of each can be
active at a time. Multiple effects can be active at once.
The Font menu inserts font characters or dot lines to set fonts. These are
visible only in Show mode. See Hide/Show codes You can also insert these
commands directly at cursor. See Inserting fonts directly
..>lfl
..>lfb
G-Location
Before setting a font, decide where you want it to apply.
KEYS: Alt L F then: (R/Q dot lines)
G-L sets look for next few words you type (or selected words).
Font characters will be inserted at start and end of lines.
..>lfc
G≡C sets look for this column only, using ruler letters. If you column box
lines, font affects only selected lines in this column. Option not available
if you select more than one column. See next option.
G=B sets look for this paragraph and onward, using dot lines. If you select a
block of lines, font begins with first line selected, stops after last line.
See SELECTING TEXT
G≡In column mode, font begins at first line of all columns across page,
(unless you select a block of lines, which works same as non-column mode).
..>lfd
..>lfh
..>lff
G-D sets look of type for entire document (base font).
G=H sets look of type for headers and footers. See HEAD/FOOTERS
G≡F sets look of type for footnotes. See FOOT/ENDNOTES
The Status line shows current font for text at cursor. See Status line
..>lft
G-Typeface
Current document font is indicated by a ≈, paragraph or body font by a ~.
There are two kinds of typefaces:
Fixed-width faces have letters/spaces all the same width, like a typewriter.
G=Proportional typefaces have letters/spaces that aren't all the same width.
PC-Write supports both, also downloaded (soft) fonts, if your printer does.
..>lfs
G-Size
Current document font is indicated by a ≈, paragraph or body font by a ~.
For many printers, size isn't available; it is combined with typeface. Even
for printers that support sizes, some typefaces may not support sizes.
Usually, one size font sets a fixed size (in characters per inch, cpi) for
fixed-width typefaces, and another (in points) for proportional typefaces.
When available, the font letters assigned to sizes are:
Fixed width
Compressed 15 cpi
Elite 12 cpi
Pica 10 cpi
Double 5 cpi
G= Proportional
Compressed 8.0 p
Elite 10.0 p
Pica 12.0 p
Double 14.4 p
..>lfe
G-Effect
Multiple effects can be active at once (unlike typefaces or sizes).
Current paragraph or body font is indicated by a ~
G=Current document font is indicated by a ≈
Inserting fonts directly
PC-Write assigns font letters (first letter on menus) to each font.
Font characters are graphic symbols for these letters. To insert a font
character, press and hold the Alt key, then press font letter.
You may find it quicker to set fonts, especially effects, this way.
You must be in Show mode to see font characters. See Hide/Show codes
To view table of font characters, see Font characters.
Another way to set fonts (for whole lines) is with dot lines. They take
effect until you turn them off, or (for typefaces and sizes) you set a new
one. See DOT LINES
Important tips:
- Insert same font character before and after text to be enhanced.
If you mark text, this can be automatically done. See CUSTOMIZE
- Font characters automatically stop at end of line. To enhance several
lines, place font at start of each line (or use dot lines).
- Apply only one typeface and size to an area of text. You can apply
multiple effects. 'Nest' multiple fonts, as you would parentheses.
- Enter font characters as you type, or insert them later. Auto-reformat
mode isn't recommended when inserting later.
- Delete or transpose font characters like normal characters. Best to do
this in Show mode.
- In Auto-reformat mode, deleting first font character in pair deletes
second automatically.
..afn
..nfn
..kfn
Reserved font characters
These characters have special purposes, and aren't available to set fonts:
A Align font See Alignment
G Guide line font See Guide lines
K End paragraph font See Break paragraph
N Auto-number font See Auto-numbering
T Page break font See Inserting breaks
To view table of font characters, see Font characters.
R=FOOT/ENDNOTES
Note entry
Notes setup
Updating notes
Footnotes print at bottom of page. Endnotes print at end of document.
They don't display on screen in their final printing position.
You can preview final position before printing. See Print view
Sequential numbering is an option. See Auto-numbering
..>lrf
..>lre
R=NOTE ENTRY
Entry method for footnote or endnote is identical, except final keystroke.
1. Type note reference in text. Reference character is your choice.
Sequential numbering is an option. See Auto-numbering
2. Type note text on line just after paragraph containing reference.
3. Mark the lines using Alt E S M or L (F3). See SELECTING TEXT
4. Press Alt L R F or E then Enter to make the lines a note.
5. Press Alt E T (F5) to unmark lines.
..>lrb
To change note lines back to body text, mark them and press Alt L R B.
(DE or DB/DQ dot lines)
..>lrn
R=NOTES SETUP
..>lrnf
..>lrnfn
..>lrnfs
..>lrnfb
R=Footnotes
Put a separator between last body line on each page and footnotes.
Separator line doesn't display, but is counted when repaging.
KEYS: Alt L R N F (DH dot line)
To set line height for footnotes, see SPACING.
To set font for footnotes, see FONTS.
..>lrne
..>lrnee
..>lrnew
R≡Endnotes
If your document is composed of several files (e.g. chapters), and you're
using a file series naming sequence, you have a choice of endnote placement.
Each file can have its own endnote area, or all endnotes can be placed in
final file in series. See Files in a series
KEYS: Alt L R N E (DP/DW dot lines)
Fonts within text of endnotes themselves are retained upon updating.
Set base fonts, spacing, and other formatting for endnotes similar to index.
See Formatting index/contents list
..>lru
..>lruc
R=UPDATING NOTES
Updating moves endnotes to endnote area at end of file. Any notes already
there are replaced by new set. If you move endnote area somewhere else in
document, it stays there on subsequent updates. To have endnotes placed at
end of each chapter in document, see Endnotes. If there is an index list,
the endnote area is placed before it. If you have index or table of contents
entries in your document, these are updated at same time as endnotes.
See INDEX/CONTENTS
KEYS: Alt L R U (Alt-F7 F2) (DI/DJ dot lines)
..>lmr
..>lmrp
..>lmrd
..>lmrm
FORMATTING
When you make changes to your document, such as deleting words or changing
margins, you may need to rewrap the text. This is called reformatting.
KEYS: Alt L M R then:
N-P (F7) single paragraph, for paragraph containing cursor
N-D (Ctl-F5 F7) whole document, no matter where cursor is
N-M (F7) marked block, no matter where cursor is
To read about codes (guide lines) that control formatting, see LAYOUT.
..>lmrw
N-Wrap mode
Normally, words automatically wrap when you reach the end of line. You can
turn wordwrap off, and use Enter to move to a new line instead. Status line
shows whether wrap is on (Wrap+) or off (Wrap-). See Status line
KEYS: Alt L M R W (Shf-F7)
These settings are temporary. To set mode permanently, see CUSTOMIZE.
You can set sentence spacing for wrapping in column mode. See CUSTOMIZE
..>lmra
N-Auto-reformat mode To set permanently, see CUSTOMIZE
You can have PC-Write reformat text automatically as you make changes.
Status line shows Para+ when it's on, and returns to Wrap+ when turned off.
In this mode, pressing Enter always ends a paragraph (and inserts a break
paragraph character). To not break paragraphs, see CUSTOMIZE.
KEYS: Alt L M R A (Shf-F7)
..>lmrc
..>lmrcn
N-Control reformat
You may want to protect an area of text, such as a table, from inadvertent
reformatting (manual or automatic). Select text first. See SELECTING TEXT
KEYS: Alt L M R C N (N in ruler)
Text before or after protected area reformats according to reformat mode set
on status line. See Auto-reformat mode
N≡When editing in columns, if ruler is non-standard, you must enter reformat
control letters directly in ruler (not through menus). See Column rulers
..>lmrcu
..>lmrca
N-You can attach a reformat setting to a particular document. Cursor must
be at very top of document (get there with Alt S T or Shf-Grey+).
KEYS: Alt L M R A or N (A/N in ruler)
Status line shows
N=Auto-reformat for this document ParA+ or ParA#
N-No reformat for this document ParN- or ParN=
Setting it when not at top of document applies only from cursor forward.
To return to usual PC-Write setting, press Alt L M R U.
To turn off reformat permanently to protect special files, see CUSTOMIZE.
..>lmrb
..>lmrbr
..>lmrbj
Break paragraph
Auto-reformat always inserts a paragraph end character when you press the
Enter key. This keeps paragraphs from joining together upon reformat.
N=When not in auto-reformat mode, protect single lines, like an address, by
N=pressing Alt-K then Enter to end lines. For existing lines, select text
N=first, then choose break paragraph. See SELECTING TEXT
N=KEYS: Alt L M R B then
N=R (Alt-K) if you want this line Ragged right. See Shape
N≡J (Alt-K Alt-K) if your shape is Justify, and you want this line justified.
See also Control reformat
To always have Enter end paragraphs, see CUSTOMIZE.
GOING PLACES
Cursor moves
Bookmarks
Jump to location
Use editing keys in addition to Arrows to move quickly throughout document.
Jump to precise locations. To find specific text, see SEARCH/REPLACE.
For mouse moves, see MOUSE.
..>st
..>se
CURSOR MOVES
Go to Up Down
File top/bottom Shf-Grey+ or Alt+ Shf-Grey- or Alt-
or Alt S T or Alt S E
Screen top/bottom Shf-UpArrow Shf-DnArrow
Block start/end Shf-Alt- Shf-Alt+
..bdp
..bds
..bup
..bus
Scroll Up Down
Line PgDn PgDn
Screenful Shf-PgUp Shf-PgDn
To change what the scroll keys do, see CUSTOMIZE.
Go to Previous Next
S-Page Ctl-PgUp Ctl-PgDn
S-Paragraph Shf-Ctl-PgUp Shf-Ctl-PgDn
S=Sentence Shf-Ctl-LtArrow Shf-Ctl-RtArrow
Go to Left Right
Word Ctl-LtArrow Ctl-RtArrow
Screen edge Shf-LtArrow Shf-RtArrow
Tab Shf-Tab Tab
Indent Home Shf-End
First/last Shf-Home End
character on line
To change what some Arrow keys do, see CUSTOMIZE.
..>sb
..>sbt
..>sbj
S=BOOKMARKS
Place a bookmark at cursor and jump back to it from anywhere in document.
When you set a new place, the old bookmark is lost.
KEYS: Alt S B
T This place (Ctl-Home)
J Jump to (Ctl-End)
..>sbe
S≡You can have PC-Write remember your place on exit, and return to that place
S≡on entry. Once you set the exit bookmark in a document, it will always be
S≡set and returned to until you turn it off (uncheck it on menu).
S≡KEYS: Alt S B E
..>sj
..>sjl
S=Last place
A second bookmark is set before jumps and at source of moved block.
Alt S J L (Shf-Ctl-End) jumps back to this temporary place.
..>sl
S-JUMP TO LOCATION
Jump to specific column, line, or page in document. Jumping to line in file
includes guide lines in count, while jumping to line on page ignores them.
KEYS: Alt S L then I or C or O (Alt-F9 then F8 or F9 or F10)
..>sjn
S=Non-ASCII character
Jumps to next non-ASCII character: font, guide line, accented letter,
box drawing, or special hyphen or space characters.
KEYS: Alt S J N (Alt-F4 F6)
..>sm
S=Match pair
With cursor on one symbol of pair, such as (, {, [, or <, this marks to its
matching symbol. For other characters, matches to next same character.
KEYS: Alt S M (Alt-F4 F4)
..>lrh
..>lrhh
..>lrhf
R-HEAD/FOOTERS
Header lines repeat at top of each page; footer lines at bottom. (Footnotes
aren't footers.) Headers and footers show only upon printing or preview.
Settings apply from current page onward, and can be changed or skipped for
different locations in document (if needed).
Page number and/or other text prints in a header or footer (see below).
To reset starting number for page, see Set page number.
To set header/footer margins and spacing, see MARGINS/TABS, SPACING.
To set base fonts for entire header and footer lines, see FONTS.
..>lrhxxf
..>lrhxxc
R-Page number header or footer
To print only page number at top or bottom of page, choose center or flush:
Center page number, like this: | - 2 - | (| is margin)
Flush right number, like this: | Page 2|
KEYS: Alt L R H then H F C/R or F F C/R
To include text on same line as page number, see Text in header or footer.
..>lrhxxt
..>lrhxxd
..>lrhxxo
R=Text in header or footer
Type your own text (e.g. chapter heading) for first or second line. Text
prints aligned with left margin. If you include page number on line with
text, just number prints to right. If you include date, it prints to left.
Text + page number: |MyChapter 1 2| (| is margin)
Date + text: |May 5, 1996 MyChapter 1|
Text only: |MyChapter 1 |
..>lrhc
..>lrhh=
..>lrhf=
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) F (or S) then T, D, or O, then C
You can enter font characters within text to emphasize particular words.
To set base fonts for entire header and footer lines, see FONTS.
To change position of text/date/number, see Create your own.
To change date format, see CUSTOMIZE.
..>lrhxx
R≡Two-line header or footer
Through the menus you can set up to two header lines and two footer lines.
If you're using only one line, set the first line.
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) then F or S (H or F dot line)
If you want more (up to eight each), enter dot lines. See Create your own
..>lrhxb
R≡Blank lines
Headers and footers normally have just one blank line separating them from
body text (set value to 1), but you can set more.
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) B
To change spacing within header/footer lines, see SPACING.
..>lrhxxn
R-Removing headers or footers
Remove one or all headers or footers from cursor onward. If you remove just
the first line, the old second line becomes the new first line. To turn off
all headers or footers for current page only, see Suppress.
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) F (or S) N
..>lrhxn
With one step remove both lines of headers or footers. This also removes
additional headers/footers not created through menus. See Create your own
Be sure 'All pages' is selected, unless you want to remove them on left or
righthand pages only. See Paper use
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) N (HQ/FQ dot line)
You can remove just the additional headers or footers. This leaves those on
first and second lines intact. (Uncheck 'More lines' if box checked.)
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) M
..>lrhs
..>lrhsh
..>lrhsf
R=Suppress
Turn off all headers or footers for current page only, resume next page.
Handy for title pages or first page of chapter.
KEYS: Alt L R H S H or F (HN/FN dot line)
To turn them off for rest of document, see Removing headers or footers.
..>lrhxa
..>lrhxl
..>lrhxr
R≡Left/right headers See also Paper use
If document is set to differentiate left and righthand pages, you can create
a header or footer for each kind of page. Use this to keep page numbers at
outside edge of page. Once you designate a header/footer to be left or right
pages only, all header/footers must have left or right page designation. Set
left or right before defining each line (lines for both left/right pages are
defined twice). If instead you choose 'All pages' for header/footer, but set
left/right pages for document, PC-Write prints them flush left on left pages
and flush right on right pages (unless space designator is used).
KEYS: Alt L R H H (or F) A or L or R (HR/HL/FR/FL dot lines)
R=Create your own
Change parts and/or their positioning in header or footer. Choose the 'only
text' option and rearrange using special designators. Type page number as
$$$. Push text left or right with +++. Printing replaces page designator
($$$) with current page number, and space designator (+++) with spaces.
Page Positioning Example Header Example Footer
Page numbers .H:Page $$$ .F:- $$$ -
Flush left .H:Part 1+++ .F:$$$+++
Flush right .H:+++$$$ .F:+++Chapter 2
Centered .H:+++Heros+++ .F:+++$$$+++
Blank line .H: .F:
..>lrhxm
Menus create up to two header and two footer lines plus separator line(s).
Use dot lines to create more than two headers or footers (8 maximum for each
including blank lines). Include a blank line header last, and first for
footer, to separate lines from regular text on each page. See DOT LINES
These additional header/footer lines show on menu as 'More lines'. To remove
these lines via menus, see Removing headers or footers.
..>lri
..>lrc
R≡INDEX/CONTENTS
Choosing words for the index can be done as document is created or after, or
both. It's usually placed at end of document. Table of contents (TOC) is
in page number order and placed at start of document. PC-Write compiles both
lists (and any endnotes) when you update references. If you edit files in
series, begin updating references in first file. Subsequent files will be
updated, and TOC placed in first file, index placed in final file.
KEYS: Alt L R U (Alt-F7 F2)
See UPDATING NOTES, Files in a series
Note: Designating words for index and TOC is done with a dot line. If you
edit in Hide mode, these can get moved or deleted inadvertantly. Keep dot
line near referenced word in document, to assure correct page number in
list. Use show mode to check placement. See Hide/Show codes, DOT LINES
Formatting index/contents list
Set fonts, spacing, and other formatting for lists after updating has
inserted list in document. Use same methods as for body text. Use formats
on the area with scopes bigger than the area (pages, paragraphs), because
formatting inside area is lost upon updating. One exception: fonts within
text of index entries are moved to the corresponding numbers in the list
upon updating. Use this to emphasize certain page numbers in index list. A
spring shape is often used for index or TOC lists. Updating puts spring
point (soft space) in automatically for each entry.
See Shape, FONTS, SPACING
Moving index/contents list
The first time you update references, TOC and index areas are created at
start and end of document. On next update, each area is replaced (if you
confirm) with new one, otherwise new one is added to start/end of document.
If you move the area along with its dot lines to another place, updating
occurs at new place (II/IJ for index; KI/KJ for TOC). See DOT LINES
..>lrct
R≡Table of contents entry
Mark or put cursor on section heading to designate it as a TOC entry. Update
references to make TOC list. See INDEX/CONTENTS
KEYS: Alt L R C T (K dot line)
..>lrit=
..>lrit
R≡Index word
Index a word at cursor, or a marked phrase. Use all lower case letters to
insure true alphabetic sorting. You can index the same word at several
places (by moving the cursor to each location) if you want several page
numbers to reference that word. After updating references, you may want to
edit the list to combine multiple references on a single line or capitalize
entries. If you have an index word list loaded, you can add a word at
cursor to list, so you can search for other occurrences of that word.
See Index scan
KEYS: Alt L R I T (Alt-F6 F9 F9, I dot line)
..>lrin
..>lrip
R≡Index scan
Create a word list, named WORDS.INX, containing possible index words to find
in the document. Scan document and choose which locations to index.
PC-Write tells you when it finds any word in word list in the document.
If you scan in a file that's in a series, the scan continues to next file.
See Files in a series
KEYS: Alt L R I N or P (Alt-F6 F9 F8, then Grey+ thereafter)
Status line displays 'Si' when Grey keys are Index Text
set for index search, and 'Se' when set for Si- Se-
regular text search. See Status line Si+ Se+
..>lrinm
Turn off scan
The first time you scan or load an index word list, PC-Write starts index
search mode. This makes the Grey+ key find index words instead of normal
search words or misspelled words. Turn off index search explicitly with
Alt-F6 F9 F8. Setting a normal search or spelling search also turns off
index search. See Searching with Grey+
..>lriw
..>lriwl
..>lriwl=
..>lriws
R≡Index word list
When you scan for words to index, PC-Write loads file WORDS.INX. You can
load an index file with another name instead. The list must be alphabetized
and contain no phrases. Only one list can be loaded at a time. If you add
words to list while indexing word at cursor, PC-Write asks on exit if you
want to save new words (or save anytime with Alt-F6 F9 F7). See Index word
KEYS: Alt L R I W (Alt-F6 F9 F6)
..>ei
..>lrs
INSERT
Text in document
Auto-numbering
Print-time item
TEXT IN DOCUMENT
..>lrsc
..>lrsc=
R=Comment line
Type single line of text for a comment. The comment is put in a dot line
that you can see on screen in Show mode, but doesn't print. If you have
marked text, each line becomes a comment line.
KEYS: Alt L R I C
..>eid
E=Date
Alt E I D (Alt-F4 F5) inserts current date at cursor.
Choose from a variety of date formats. See CUSTOMIZE
E-File
Alt E F I (Ctl-F3) inserts all text of another file.
To insert only parts of another file, see COPY/MOVE TEXT.
E-Words
Marked block copy F3 See COPY/MOVE TEXT
Deleted text Ctl-F4 See Undelete
E≡Hold area text Ctl-F4 See Hold text
Characters
Line boundary Enter
Character code Alt-keypad number See CHARACTER CODES
To insert a special hyphen or space, see HYPHENS & SPACES.
To insert a sum of numbers in a boxed area, see BOX OPERATIONS.
To insert a box frame, see BOX OPERATIONS.
..>lra
AUTO-NUMBERING
Use automatic numbering for footnotes or endnotes, lines, and outlines.
You enter a number sequence that is translated into a sequential series of
numbers when you repage or renumber. For page numbering, see HEAD/FOOTERS.
First create a unique numbering sequence. Each sequence contains:
1. An Alt-N font character ( )
2. A number or letter (capital or lower case)
3. A symbol (anything but a digit or letter, including a space)
When you repage or update, the numbers or letters become sequential.
The symbol, which defines the sequence, remains the same.
Example After renumber:
1. Lions 1. Lions ( is the Alt-N font character)
3. Tigers 2. Tigers
2. Bears 3. Bears
Multiple Levels
Create multiple sequences for outlines or section numbering.
before entry uses number or letter shown as series start.
before entry re-uses last value.
Example
7. Chapter 1 (two sequences, one ending with dot, one with space)
A. Lions (another sequence using capital letters ends with dot)
8. Chapter 2
B. Tigers
C. Bears
When renumbered is:
1. Chapter 1
A. Lions
2. Chapter 2
A. Tigers
B. Bears
R=Footnote numbering See FOOT/ENDNOTES
Start each entry with Alt-N and the number or letter and symbol for series.
Repage or update to resequence the current order of footnotes in document.
Here, footnote number ends with "." and footnote reference with "]":
This is the reference [ 1] to giraffes.
.DB
9. This is footnote text about giraffes.
.DQ
A sequence in a footnote is treated separately from same sequence in body
text, so you can use same symbol for both.
..>lran
..>lraf
..>lrar
R=Auto numbering via menus
Before inserting a sequence, set its purpose.
KEYS: Alt L R A then:
F begins or resets start of number sequence.
N increments to next number of sequence.
R repeats a number, as for multiple level outlines.
..>lrai
..>lraib
..>lraic
..>lraid
..>lraip
..>lrais
R=Sequences
Up to five different sequences can be inserted in one document using menus.
Menus insert number 1 for each, then the distinguishing character. Examples:
1 Hawaii
1: Hawaii
1. Hawaii
(1) Hawaii
1 Hawaii ( is Alt-H, superscript font)
..>lrau
R=Renumbering
Alt L R A U updates your auto-number sequences. Repage does this also.
If you're editing files in a series, renumbering automatically prompts
for the next file in the series. See Files in a series
..>lrsp=
..>lrsp
R≡PRINT-TIME ITEM
Insert a command that is processed only when printing your document.
R≡Print image
Insert a print image in a document when it prints. Use this to include
graphics or tables from other applications in your documents. When you
print, PC-Write prints normally till it reaches the place for the image;
then it sends the graphic file containing the print image to the printer
with no further processing, and resumes printing the document. Set file
length with TL or EL dot line for correct pagination. See DOT LINES
KEYS: Alt L R S P (TI dot line)
..>lrsu
..>lrsu=
..>lrsu=c
R≡User line entry
Type lines of text into a document as it's being printed.
Use this to make form letters. You enter a prompt to remind you what to type.
During printing, PC-Write pauses for you to type a line of text, then resumes
printing the document. You can only type a complete line of text, so you
can't use this to 'fill in a blank' mid-line. See also MERGE PRINT
KEYS: Alt L R S U (U dot line)
R≡Other file
Insert entire text of another file when document prints. Useful for putting
a heading (kept in separate file) on first page of letterhead. TP dot line
inserts lines of file (ignores any formatting). Set file length with TL or
EL dot line to assure accurate pagination. See DOT LINES
If you're using a master file to insert all files composing a document, use
TF dot line instead. This reads formatting in inserted file, and puts in
page breaks between the files. TF files only print when you Print All pages
(Print Range ignores TF files). Master file format isn't recommended (use
series format instead). See Files in a series
..>eg
E≡GRAPHICS
Graphic images can be graphic inserted into a document. A graphic in a text
file just "points" at a separate graphic file.
A graphic displays (Hide mode) as a shaded graphic rectangle positioned
according to its graphic layout, and sized according to its picture; the
name of its graphic original appears in the upper-left corner (if there's
no text there). Graphic view shows the image in the rectangle.
A graphic can be graphic selected.
..>egi
E≡Graphic Insert
Creates a graphic at the cursor that "points" to a graphic file. The
original and picture come from the graphic file, and the graphic layout
defaults to break text around a left-flush picture. These can all be
changed after inserting or graphic selecting the graphic.
Path abbreviations can (and should) be used in the file name.
Give a file name that doesn't exist to create a new blank graphic file,
then draw a new image.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G I path or name Enter. Enter returns to edit.
..>egs
E≡Graphic Select
A graphic can be selected in two ways:
..>egsa
1. Select graphic closest to (above) the cursor (in the same column).
E≡ KEYS: Alt E G S A (Shf-F5 F5).
..>egsn
..>egsp
2. Select next (below) or prior (above) current selection or top of file.
E≡ KEYS: Alt E G S N (Shf-F5 Grey+).
E≡ KEYS: Alt E G S P (Shf-F5 Grey-).
A graphic can be deselected by unmarking text or selecting text.
..>egv
E≡Graphic View
Graphics can be viewed in two ways:
..>egvs
1. Pictures are shown in all the graphic rectangles on the screen,
and surrounding text is shown in fixed-pitch screen font.
E≡ KEYS: Alt E G V S (Shf-F5 F4). Enter returns to editing.
..>egvo
2. Full-screen display of the original of only the selected graphic.
E≡ KEYS: Alt E G V O (Shf-F5 F3). Enter returns to editing.
..>egl
E≡Graphic Layout
The layout specifies where text will be in relation to the picture, and
where the picture will be in relation to the indents. Changing the layout
doesn't change the picture (except for stretch picture) or the original.
..>eglb
E≡Break Text: text will break paragraph above and below the picture.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L B.
..>eglf
E≡Flow-Around Text: text "runs around" picture without break paragraph.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L F.
..>eglo
E≡Overlay Text: text will "ignore" picture.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L B.
..>egll
E≡Left-Flush Picture: left edge of picture falls on left indent.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L L.
..>eglr
E≡Right-Flush Picture: right edge of picture falls on right indent.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L R.
..>eglc
E≡Center Picture: picture is centered between left and right indents.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L C.
..>egls
E≡Stretch Picture: picture is centered between left and right indents, and
then stretched until its left and right edges fall on the indents.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L S.
..>egli
..>eglil
E≡Indent Picture: picture has its own indent from the left margin.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L I L distance Enter. Enter returns to edit.
E≡Stretch Method
A stretch picture uses one of three methods to reach the indents:
..>eglsc
E≡Clip To Indent: clips the right side of the picture; may loose some image.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L S C.
..>eglsh
..Scale to Indent
E≡Height and Width Scale: scales the picture; may loose clarity.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L S H.
..>eglsw
E≡Width Scale Only: scales only the width of the picture; changes the
aspect ratio, and may also loose clarity.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G L S W.
..>egp
E≡Graphic Picture
The picture specifies how its original will appear for this graphic.
It can be framed and sized. And for more complicated effects, it can be
clipped, scaled, or rotated.
Changing the picture doesn't change the graphic layout or original.
..>egpf
E≡Frame Picture
The picture can be framed with a surrounding box. The frame isn't
displayed on the screen, but is printed.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P F.
..>egpw
..>egph
E≡Size Picture
The width and/or height of a picture can be specified. Depending on the
adjust method, changing one may also change the other.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P W width Enter.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P H height Enter.
..>egpa
E≡Adjust Method
Changing the size ajusts the picture using one of two methods:
..>egpac
E≡Clip to Fit: clips the right side of the picture to the proper width, and
the bottom to the proper height; may loose some of the image. To adjust the
left side or top, clip the picture yourself.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P A C.
..>egpas
E≡Scale to Fit: scales the picture to the proper size; may loose clarity. If
scaling is independent, then the aspect ratio will change. If scaling isn't
independent, then changing height or width will change the other.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P A S.
..>egpc
E≡Clip Picture
The picture can be clipped from the original. The image is displayed showing
the clipping rectangle. If the picture uses the whole original, the edges of
the rectangle are at the edges of the screen, and are hard to see. The
upper-left and lower-right corners of a clipping rectangle can be moved with
the Arrow or Shf-Arrow (faster) keys. To just look at the rectangle, don't
move the corners.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P C (Shf-F5 F2) Arrow Enter Arrow Enter. Change clipping.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P C (Shf-F5 F2) Enter Enter. Look at clipping.
Changing the clipping changes the size, unless it's a stretch picture.
Clipping can also be changed by changing the size of a clip to fit picture,
or changing the indents of a clip to indent stretch picture.
..>egps
..>egpsw
..>egpsh
E≡Scale Picture
The picture can be scaled from the original. If the scaling is independent,
then the aspect ratio will change. If not independent, then changing width
or height scale factor will change the other. Scaling may loose clarity.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P S W width factor Enter.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P S H height factor Enter.
Changing the scaling changes the size, unless it's a stretch picture.
Scaling can also be changed by changing the size of a scale to fit picture,
or changing the indents of a scale to indent stretch picture.
E≡Clarity
Since digital images are displayed and printed with pixels, pictures with
non-integer (except .5) scale factors may not be as clear as the original.
The contrast and ink map can also affect an original's clarity.
..>egpsi
E≡Independent Scaling
The height and width scale factors are normally equal. If scaling is
independent, then they can be different; may change the aspect ratio.
E≡Aspect Ratio
The ratio of the width to the height of a picture. Changing this ratio
distorts the image. For example, circles become ovals.
..>egpr
..>egprl
..>egprr
..>egprn
E≡Rotate Picture
The picture can be rotated ninty degrees to the left (counter clockwise) or
right (clockwise), or not rotated at all.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P R L. Left rotation.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P R R. Right rotation.
E≡KEYS: Alt E G P R N. No rotation.
Changing the rotation changes the size (height and width switch); and
changes either the clipping or scale if it's a stretch picture.
..>ego
E≡Graphic Original
The original contains the actual image.
It can be drawn or fast printed; its contrast and ink map can be changed.
Changing the original changes all pictures of that original in this and all
other documents. If you just want to change one graphic, make a copy of the
original, and change original in that graphic.
..>egod
E≡Draw Original
Drawing an original can be used to create a new image, or edit an old one.
The image is displayed with the image menu at the bottom of the screen.
In the image menu, the selected item is enclosed in angle brackets < and >.
Change the selection with the Arrow key or by moving the mouse.
Invoke an item by pressing its first letter; or select it and press Enter;
or click it with left mouse button.
In the image, move the "cross hair" (+) with the Arrow (one dot) and
Shf-Arrow (ten dots) keys, or mouse. The corner arrow keys (Home, End, PgUp,
PgDn) on the numeric keypad move the cross hair diagonally. Trace the cross
hair by pressing the Plus (to draw) or Minus (to erase) key and then move;
or drag the mouse (press and hold the left button, move, then release).
E≡Image Menu
Line Rect Circle Dots Magnify Text Block Fill Erase Options
E≡Line: draw a straight line.
E≡KEYS: L move Enter move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Rect: draw a rectangle; filled or unfilled.
E≡KEYS: R N move Enter move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡KEYS: R Y fill color color move Enter move Enter. "
E≡Circle: draw a circle (use corner arrow keys) or oval; filled or unfilled.
E≡KEYS: C N move Enter move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡KEYS: C Y fill color color move Enter move Enter. "
E≡Dots: draw or erase free-hand.
E≡KEYS: D move trace. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Magnify: enlarge a section for detailed work.
E≡KEYS: M move Enter move trace Escape. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Text: create text (move any time to relocate text).
E≡Modifications include Direction, Height, Width, Italic, and Font.
E≡KEYS: T E text Escape modification Escape A . Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Block: copy/move a block to another location; or import graphic file.
E≡KEYS: B C move Enter move Enter move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡KEYS: B M move Enter move Enter move Enter. "
E≡KEYS: B I file name Enter move Space move Enter. "
E≡Fill: fill any closed area.
E≡KEYS: F color move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Erase: erase a block.
E≡KEYS: E move Enter move Enter. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡Options: change the draw or erase color, palette, line width, or mode.
E≡KEYS: O D draw-color. Escape returns to image menu.
E≡KEYS: O E erase-color. "
E≡KEYS: O P color-palette. "
E≡KEYS: O W line-width. "
E≡KEYS: O C screen-mode. "
..>egop
E≡Fast Print Original
This saves the print image of the original the first time it's printed, and
makes subsequent printing faster.
..>egoc
..>pixf
E≡Contrast
The contrast of an original with grey levels can be changed by changing the
number and type of grey levels; may improve clarity.
..>egocb
E≡Black and White: no grey levels; use for line drawings.
..>egoch
E≡High: 5 grey levels (3 plus black and white); use for text.
..>egocm
E≡Medium: 16 grey level in random pattern; use for mixed text and photos.
..>egocl
E≡Low: 16 grey levels in spiral pattern; use for photographs.
..>egoi
E≡Ink Map
Most images are drawn with white lines on a black background, but printers
print black lines on a white background. Some images are in color, but most
printers aren't. The ink map of an original handles these differences. It
can be changed, and may improve clarity.
..>egois
E≡Standard: black on white.
..>egoil
E≡Literal: white on black. Gives "negative" effect.
..>egoit
..>egoitc
El≡Table: colors to grey levels.
..>egof
E≡Change Original
"Point" the graphic at a different graphic file, but keep the same
graphic layout and picture.
KEYS: Alt E G O F file name Enter.