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CHAPTER8.TXT
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1993-10-26
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Chapter 8 -- CHOICE
"The President's proposal guarantees stable and secure
health coverage for all Americans, regardless of employment or
health status. Patients can stay with the same doctor over time
because patients, not employers, control their coverage choices.
Patients, not their employers, choose their health plans and
their physicians."
American College of Physicians
________________________
Americans value the right to decide how and where they get
health care. It is a key measure and protector of quality. Yet
thousands of Americans are losing that right each year, as rising
health care costs force employers to cut back on the number of
health plans and doctors they'll cover.
Americans will gain a new level of control over their health
care choices through the Health Security Act. For many, no
element of reform will be more important than the right to choose
their own doctor, hospital or health plan.
CHOOSING A DOCTOR
A fundamental flaw in today's health care system is that
employers -- rather than employees -- have the power to choose
health plans and, consequently, the doctors, hospitals and others
who provide care.
*******************************************************************
Sidebar - Pg 71
Choice of Doctors
_____________________________________________________
Choice is the basis of the doctor-patient relationship. For
patients, the ability to keep seeing their own doctor -- someone
who knows them and their family -- who knows their medical
history, who knows how to care for them when they are ill,
someone whom patients trust, can mean the difference between a
good experience and a frightening one, between a successful
outcome and a poor one.
The Health Security Act ensures that consumers can follow
their doctor and his or her team to any plan they might join.
The Act requires every health alliance to have a point-of-service
option, which gives patients the opportunity to see a doctor
outside of their plan, although some plans will require extra
payment for that option.
If they choose, physicians and other health providers will
be able to join more than one health plan. These health care
providers may also decide to remain in private practice rather
than join a health plan. Patients will still have the
opportunity to see their doctor even if he or she is in private
practice.
*******************************************************************
The Health Security Act corrects that flaw. Through
comprehensive reform, it transfers the power to choose back to
individual Americans and their families. It requires both
regional and corporate alliances to offer a broad choice of
health plans, including at least one plan organized around the
traditional fee-for-service style, where consumers visit any
doctor they choose, and their health insurer pays the bill.
For patients who choose certain types of health plans,
exercising the right to see a doctor who does not participate in
the plan will cost more, as it does today. But that right --
known as a "point-of-service" option -- will always be there,
even in HMOs. It reserves for every American the right to seek
the care of doctors and hospitals on the leading edge of
treatment if they ever confront an illness in which even
specialized care available through their regular doctors and
hospital is inadequate. So, if you join a plan that includes
your obstetrician, your son's pediatrician, but not your
daughter's dermatologist, it will cost more, but you can continue
to see them all.
Health reform will also make it easier for patients to
follow their doctors, even if their doctors decide to switch
health plans. Because an increasing number of employers restrict
the choice of plans available to employees, a patient whose
doctor leaves one plan probably has little choice but to find
another doctor. Under the Health Security Act, the patient will
always have the option of switching plans each year, something
that most people can't do today.
For doctors and other health providers, health reform also
expands choice -- the choice of health plans in which they
practice. Under the Health Security Act, physicians and other
health professionals may participate in as many, or as few,
competing health plans as they wish. And because patients are
guaranteed a point-of-service option in every plan, physicians
will know that patients will be able to seek them out.
CHOOSING A HEALTH PLAN
Millions of Americans choose physicians and other health
care providers and pay for their services one at a time through
traditional indemnity insurance, a style of coverage usually
described as fee-for-service. Over the last two decades,
millions of other Americans have moved into so-called "managed
care" health plans, including preferred provider organizations
(PPOs) or Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs).
All of those options -- and other innovations that will
evolve -- will continue. What the Health Security Act will
provide is the guarantee that a wide range of alternatives will
exist and that American consumers, not their employers, will have
the opportunity to choose among them.
*****************************************************************
Sidebar - Pg 74
XEROX
A Model for Reform
Most businesses pick their employees' health plan -- but not
the Xerox Corporation. Xerox offers its employees a choice of
plans. Although it might sound like more trouble than it's worth,
Xerox has managed to save money by offering choices.
Before changing the way it dealt with health benefits, annual
premium increases of 20% were not unknown at Xerox. So the
company started offering its employees a choice of plans at its
250 sites across the country. Xerox would pay based on the cost
of the "benchmark" or average-cost plan. If the employee picks a
low-cost plan, he saves money. The employee's job was to choose
plans based on price and quality -- and Xerox hoped that the
competition among health plans would drive down costs.
It worked. Xerox's premiums have stopped spiraling higher and
higher every year. And Xerox's strategy -- using choice and
competition to drive down costs -- is central to the Health
Security Act.
*****************************************************************
INCREASING OPTIONS FOR LONG-TERM CARE
Expanded choice must also mean a greater set of options for
Americans in need of long-term care. Today, choices are not only
limited, they are costly. People either pay the full cost of
home care out-of pocket, pay the full cost of care in a nursing
home, or spend themselves into poverty in order to qualify for
government help, most often only for nursing home care.
Long-term care options are expanded and improved under
health care reform. The Health Security Act provides a new
federal program to cover home and community-based care, an option
that most people prefer, and that often costs less than a nursing
home.
******************************************************************
Sidebar - Pg 75
Americans with Disabilities
_____________________________________________________
For Americans with disabilities, access to comprehensive
coverage without lifetime limits is the most important
achievement of The Health Security Act. That guarantee will
allow many Americans with disabilities to work without fear of
losing health coverage.
New tax incentives will remove obstacles preventing people
from seeking employment, opening the door to the personal freedom
that employment provides. Employed individuals with disabilities
who require personal assistance will be eligible for tax credits
covering 50 percent of their costs up to a maximum of $15,000
each year.
Home and community-based long-term care will be provided to
Americans of all ages with severe disabilities. People who have
cognitive and mental impairments qualify for home or
community-based care, as do children under the age of six who
depend on technology and would otherwise need institutional care.
States can design their own approaches to home and
community-based care. Expansion of care may include homemaker
and chore services, respite services, assistive technology, adult
day care, rehabilitation and supported employment.
******************************************************************
For those who plan ahead by purchasing private long-term
care insurance, reform will provide greater protection against
faulty or inadequate insurance, and tax breaks on premiums. For
disabled Americans who want to work but need assistance, the
Health Security Act promises help. The plan not only offers
personal assistance services at home, but also personal care
assistance tax credits to make working a more viable option for
people with disabilities. Finally, the plan increases financial
protections for those on Medicaid who receive care in nursing
homes.