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CHAPTER6.TXT
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1993-10-26
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Chapter 6 -- SAVINGS
The Health Security Act creates a new framework that will
ensure all Americans secure, affordable coverage -- and ensure
that we spend our health care dollars wisely.
Serious health care initiatives must take aim at the waste,
inefficiency, and fraud that bloat our health care system. But
the key to achieving the savings that lie at the heart of health
reform is to release the American spirit of competition.
Competition, after all, drives the price and quality of most
products we buy. Think about a car -- different companies build
their automobiles, set their prices, and try to win our business.
We shop around, kick the tires, make comparisons. Magazines like
Consumer Reports help us judge what we can't see -- safety
records and the satisfaction of those who've driven a particular
model. Armed with information, we take our pick. We buy the car
that best meets our needs for quality, performance, and price.
Health care has never worked that way. Consumers often
haven't had any bargaining power, they haven't had good choices,
and they haven't had good information to make comparisons.
Bringing competition to health care will give consumers the same
buying clout in health care they've always had in other arenas.
The Health Security Act will improve quality and control costs.
Bringing about savings also requires action on several
fronts. Savings requires changing incentives. Savings requires
streamlining and simplifying regulations and requirements. And
it requires taking aggressive steps to stamp out health care
fraud, which drains $80 billion each year from real health needs.
INCREASING COMPETITION
The Health Security Act controls rising costs primarily
through the power of a competitive market -- empowering consumers
to make choices and giving health plans the incentive to compete
for their business. Reform will change incentives so that health
plans compete on the basis of quality, service and cost -- not on
screening out sick patients. Physicians, hospitals and other
health professionals will be given opportunities to shape a
health care system that works for patients.
*****************************************************************
Sidebar - Pg 55
CONTROLLING PRESCRIPTION
DRUG PRICES
In the 1980's, the prices of prescription drug prices rose
at quadruple the general rate of inflation. In recent years,
several attempts have been made to control drug costs -- often
involving the use of buying clout to bring down prices.
For example, HMOs and managed care groups are successfully
using their bargaining power to negotiate substantial discounts
from drug companies. Because they often control the brand of
drugs prescribed by doctors, health plans have the power to drive
down prices.
Under reform, with the addition of prescription drug
coverage, Medicare will become the world's largest purchaser of
drugs. And the Medicare program will use its negotiating power to
get discounts from the pharmaceutical companies. In addition,
with competing health plans trying to become more efficient, more
and more buyers will use the same successful negotiating
techniques.
*****************************************************************
Consumers will take their pick among health plans, based on
what they have to offer. Which doctors are members of the plan?
Are the offices and hospitals convenient? How much do they
charge? Since all plans will offer the same comprehensive
benefits, people will be better able to compare than they are
today. Consumers will reap the savings from enrolling in health
plans that deliver high-quality care most efficiently -- and,
therefore, charge lower premiums.
Better incentives for health plans will give consumers
better value. In the current system, doctors and hospitals get
paid extra for each service they perform, necessary or
unnecessary. Under reform, health plans and providers make money
by keeping their patients healthy -- not doing more tests, but
giving better care.
It will be in the interest of each health plan to operate
efficiently -- providing the best quality care at an affordable
price. If health plans operate inefficiently, they will lose
money. If they start cutting corners, they'll lose patients --
and the business that those patients bring. Competition is about
finding the balance -- providing high-quality care while
controlling costs.
STRENGTHENING BUYING CLOUT
Increased buying clout can bring down costs. In today's
health insurance market, for example, big companies can go to an
insurance company and say, "Look, if you want the business of our
100,000 employees, you've got to give us a good deal." And they
get a good deal -- comprehensive benefits, high-quality care and
affordable prices. But if you don't work for a large employer
you're not in a position to bargain, so you're more likely to get
high premiums, bare-bones coverage or nothing at all.
The Health Security Act will change that -- putting
consumers and small businesses in the driver's seat. It's based
on the simple idea that bigger buyers get better deals. By
bringing consumers and small businesses together in health
alliances, the Health Security Act gives everybody else the same
buying clout as the big companies.
****************************************************************
Sidebar - Pg 57
CALPERS
A Model for Reform
The state employees in California are getting a good deal on
insurance -- using their buying clout to bring down prices and
cut administrative costs.
Adopting a role similar to the one that health alliances
will play under health reform, the California Public Employees
Retirement System -- usually referred to as CALPERS -- negotiates
with health plans on behalf of almost 900,000 state and local
government employees and their families in California. And
CALPERS offers its members a choice of 24 different plans. Prices
for health plans vary, although all plans provide coverage for
the same package of health benefits -- just as all plans will
offer the same comprehensive benefits package under the Health
Security Act.
Because they buy approximately $1.3 billion of health care
each year, CALPERS -- like the alliances under the Health
Security Act -- is in a strong position to get a good deal from
health plans. Along with holding premium increases well below
national averages for the last two years, CALPERS has also
succeeded in reducing administrative costs.
****************************************************************
Today, a major insurance carrier doesn't have to give any
kind of deal to the Mom and Pop store in Peoria. But they will
not be able to ignore 5000 Mom and Pop stores brought together in
an alliance from Central Illinois. That alliance will have more
complete information on the costs of health plans, quality of
care, service and consumer satisfaction than any buyer in today's
market. It will keep enrollment records and collect premiums for
many people, not just a few, and do it more efficiently as a
result. Everyone -- not just employees of large companies -- will
be able to get access to high-quality care at an affordable
price.
LOWERING ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
The Health Security Act simplifies the business side of
health care by cutting through the paper jungle generated by some
1,500 insurance companies, and stripping away conflicting
regulations imposed by a variety of federal, state, local and
private agencies.
Administrative costs take up 40 percent of every health care
dollar spent by small firms and the self-employed, with only 60
percent going to buy care. Meanwhile, large purchasers pay only 5
to 7 percent for administrative overhead; 95 percent of their
health dollars go to care, as they should. For all private health
insurance, the cost of administration totalled $44 billion in
1991, an average of 16 percent of the benefits paid out.
__________________________
"What the insurance industry burns up in commissions,
marketing and claims processing costs is almost unspeakable.
[President] Clinton would reduce those costs."
Professor Uwe Reinhardt
Health Economist, Princeton University
_________________________
Similarly, eliminating some of the duplication among
different kinds of insurance -- folding the health benefits of
auto insurance and workers compensation into one unified health
insurance policy, for example -- will produce savings. Today,
doctors and hospitals often submit separate claims for payment to
two or more insurers. Under the new system, everyone will have
coverage, and most people will have one and only one source of
insurance. Doctors and hospitals will no longer have to sort out
conflicting coverage.
LIMITING PREMIUM INCREASES
The increased competition from health care reform will
squeeze the waste and excess out of the health care industry that
nearly every doctor, nurse, patient, consumer and insurance
carrier knows exists. In order to reinforce the the competitive
power of the market, the Health Security Act also creates an
enforceable, fail-safe limit on the growth of insurance premiums.
This limit reinforces the new incentives that slow the rate of
growth in costs and acts as an emergency brake to back up
competition. It serves to build in some discipline and certainty
so that businesses and families will know their health care costs
will not suddenly spiral out of control. It also ensures that the
federal government is serious about living within its means.
Once American consumers and employers have reaped the gains from
savings, the limits on premium growth will be reassessed, based
on experience under reform.
REDUCING HEALTH CARE FRAUD
The Health Security Act makes health care fraud a specific
crime. The Act takes aggressive steps to combat health care
fraud, increase penalties for those who cheat the system and
expand enforcement activities. It imposes new prohibitions
against kickbacks and conflicts of interest, such as doctors who
refer patients to laboratories in which they have a financial
stake. And health care providers convicted of fraud and related
crimes will be excluded from participation in health plans.
The Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services
will lead the anti-fraud effort, organizing an All-Payer Health
Care Fraud and Abuse Enforcement Program to coordinate federal,
state and local law-enforcement activities. The effort will
target practices such as overcharging for services, charging for
medical care that was never delivered, giving kickbacks to
doctors who refer their patients to certain clinics or
pharmacies, and delivering unnecessary services. If providers
file false claims against health plans, their assets can be
seized and criminal penalties for health care fraud can be
imposed. The revenues from seized assets will be funneled back to
support anti-fraud efforts.