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1991-02-25
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DATE
FLUX Database. Updated: 25-Feb-91
&&
AUTHOR
DX PacketCluster FLUX database by:
Chuck Strobel, K6PBT
P. O. Box 883
Magalia, CA 95954-0883
Please send updates, corrections or comments,
to the above address or via:
CompuServe 75056,644
Prodigy DCGP94A
PacketCluster DXPSN Node:W6GO
DX-BBS (916) 992-0923
Include date/version of database. Type SH/FLUX DATE.
&&
#LIS
The SHow/FLUX command displays information on sunspot and solar flux data
for the years 1920 to 1990. Included is a glossary of solar-terrestrial
terms. Flux data from files by the American Sunspot Program. For current
daily solar flux information, provided by local users from WWV, type SH/WWV.
Flux data: SH/FLUX [year], example SH/FLUX 1976
Term data: SH/FLUX [a-z], example SH/FLUX M
Your updates and comments are welcomed. Type SH/FLUX AUTHOR for info.
Database by: K6PBT Distributed by W6GO/K6HHD via DX-BBS and GODISK.
&&
#INSTALL
PRIMARY SERVING NODE:
---------------------
To install FLUX, load the following files into your PACKCLUS\DB directory:
FLUX.LIS Shown to user if no argument used with SH/FLUX
FLUX.FUL The database file
FLUX.IDX The database index
FLUX.PRE Shown to user before the specific request
FLUX.NF Shown to user if requested information not found
FLUX.AOK Shown to user if update is attempted
NOTE: The database index may not always be included. If it is missing,
you will need to perform the following using the MAKEIDX utility:
MAKEIDX FLUX.FUL 1000
Next, add the following lines to your SYSOP.DAT file:
SET/COMMAND FLUX FLUX.LIS FLUX.FUL/FLUX.IDX FLUX.PRE * FLUX.NF
SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
If you did not shut down the node to install the database, type in the
above two lines as SYSOP commands.
After reviewing the DOC files, PBT_DB.DOC and FLUX.DOC, you may delete them
from your database directory. You should store the database ZIP file in a
save place.
REMOTE NODE:
------------
Other nodes may access the database from the SERVING node by adding lines
to their SYSOP.DAT and/or typing in the lines as a command. If the callsign
of the node where the database is installed is WB6EXC, then the other nodes
would execute the following commands:
SET/COMMAND FLUX * * * * * WB6EXC
SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
CLUSTER COMPANION:
------------------
Users of Cluster Companion should install the database following the same
procedure as PRIMARY SERVING NODE above, but observing the proper directory
and callsign entries for that user.
PCDB:
-----
Users of the PacketCluster Database Reader program should install the
database files into the directory shown in the SET/DIRECTORY line of their
SYSOP.DAT file. If no entry, install in same directory where PCDB resides.
The following command in SYSOP.DAT should be entered:
SET/COMMAND FLUX #LIS FLUX.FUL/FLUX.IDX #PRE * #NF
An additional (optional) entry would be:
SET/COMMAND/COMMENT FLUX Historical Solar Flux Data and Glossary
DIFFICULTY:
-----------
Should any difficulty be experienced installing any database files, or you
need more information, you may wish to read over Database Installation in
your manual (or DOC file) with PacketCluster, Cluster Companion, or PCDB.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Please read the file PBT_DB.DOC which is included with the FLUX.ZIP file.
This file contains information on other databases, where and how you may
obtain them.
PacketCluster, Cluster Companion, and PacketCluster Database Reader (PCDB)
are trademarks of Pavillion Software.
&&
#PRE
* DX PacketCluster: Sunspot/Solar Flux & Glossary Reference *
&&
#NF
FLUX information for %s was not found. Type SH/FLUX for info.
&&
#AOK
!This database is read-only. Please type SH/FLUX AUTHOR for update info.
&&
1920
Relative sunspot number for 1920 is 37.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1920 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1920 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1921
Relative sunspot number for 1921 is 26.1
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1921 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1921 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1922
Relative sunspot number for 1922 is 14.2
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1923 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1922 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1923
Relative sunspot number for 1923 is 5.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1924 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1923 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1924
Relative sunspot number for 1924 is 16.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1924 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1924 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1925
Relative sunspot number for 1925 is 44.3
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1925 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1925 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1926
Relative sunspot number for 1926 is 63.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1926 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1926 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1927
Relative sunspot number for 1927 is 69.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1927 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1927 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1928
Relative sunspot number for 1928 is 77.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1928 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1928 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1929
Relative sunspot number for 1929 is 64.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1929 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1929 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1930
Relative sunspot number for 1930 is 35.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1930 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1930 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1931
Relative sunspot number for 1931 is 21.2
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1931 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1931 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1932
Relative sunspot number for 1932 is 11.1
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1932 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1932 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1933
Relative sunspot number for 1933 is 5.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1933 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1933 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1934
Relative sunspot number for 1934 is 8.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1934 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1934 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1935
Relative sunspot number for 1935 is 36.1
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1935 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1935 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1936
Relative sunspot number for 1936 is 79.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1936 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1936 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1937
Relative sunspot number for 1937 is 114.4
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1937 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1937 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1938
Relative sunspot number for 1938 is 109.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1938 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1938 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1939
Relative sunspot number for 1939 is 88.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1939 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1939 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1940
Relative sunspot number for 1940 is 67.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1940 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1940 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1941
Relative sunspot number for 1941 is 47.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1941 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1941 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1942
Relative sunspot number for 1942 is 30.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1942 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1942 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1943
Relative sunspot number for 1943 is 16.3
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1943 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1943 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1944
Relative sunspot number for 1944 is 9.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1944 are:
*** not available ***
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1944 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1945
Relative sunspot number for 1945 is 33.2
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1945 are:
18.5 11.8 19.7 31.6 26.6 37.3 37.4 24.6 34.0 71.3 46.3 28.4
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1945 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1946
Relative sunspot number for 1946 is 92.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1946 are:
55.2 92.0 87.5 81.0 83.5 79.6 115.1 112.7 115.7 112.7 136.2 127.4
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1946 are:
*** not available ***
&&
1947
Relative sunspot number for 1947 is 151.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1947 are:
128.2 145.5 153.0 161.0 224.2 166.3 166.6 216.4 195.0 191.7 155.0 148.3
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1947 are:
163.0 198.3 233.5 265.8 267.1 233.8 222.3 237.1 201.9 207.7 175.8 171.0
&&
1948
Relative sunspot number for 1948 is 136.3
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1948 are:
130.1 107.3 103.8 222.5 194.8 203.6 184.3 205.0 174.6 166.3 129.9 177.1
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1948 are:
150.7 131.0 134.1 209.7 231.4 201.8 188.7 177.2 165.6 158.0 161.8 187.3
&&
1949
Relative sunspot number for 1949 is 134.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1949 are:
153.3 228.0 198.8 190.7 147.4 154.5 153.6 163.7 183.7 172.2 190.9 152.1
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1949 are:
177.7 214.8 201.8 183.8 158.3 162.5 165.1 179.5 174.4 177.2 176.5 160.1
&&
1950
Relative sunspot number for 1950 is 83.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1950 are:
125.8 117.4 134.6 139.5 129.8 99.3 104.7 106.8 65.4 77.1 72.8 71.2
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1950 are:
145.9 139.8 136.4 165.5 160.5 132.8 138.5 123.9 99.7 99.3 99.7 98.0
&&
1951
Relative sunspot number for 1951 is 69.4
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1951 are:
53.8 54.0 49.0 89.6 91.7 85.4 58.3 55.6 85.2 50.8 56.7 42.9
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1951 are:
104.5 99.4 101.5 128.0 172.5 166.9 120.2 112.5 119.1 105.3 102.1 99.2
&&
1952
Relative sunspot number for 1952 is 31.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1952 are:
38.6 21.8 23.3 27.3 22.2 36.0 39.4 53.2 26.1 22.5 22.5 33.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1952 are:
92.4 84.2 77.8 84.6 82.7 87.5 91.7 95.6 82.4 82.3 81.6 83.0
&&
1953
Relative sunspot number for 1953 is 13.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1953 are:
26.6 4.0 7.9 24.8 10.9 19.6 6.4 23.1 15.7 7.2 1.7 1.6
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1953 are:
80.5 71.1 69.7 81.6 74.1 75.3 72.1 77.4 75.1 71.5 69.8 68.6
&&
1954
Relative sunspot number for 1954 is 4.4
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1954 are:
0.1 0.3 8.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 2.1 8.1 0.3 4.7 8.0 7.7
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1954 are:
66.5 67.5 71.1 69.2 69.5 69.4 70.0 71.6 70.9 72.7 71.0 73.1
&&
1955
Relative sunspot number for 1955 is 38.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1955 are:
23.3 22.6 4.7 9.7 24.7 23.4 23.2 36.8 40.7 56.5 82.0 67.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1955 are:
81.6 80.0 74.0 77.9 84.7 91.7 90.2 93.0 96.1 111.0 127.2 130.4
&&
1956
Relative sunspot number for 1956 is 141.7
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1956 are:
67.2 106.4 105.9 102.4 117.3 106.0 117.9 155.7 159.5 139.9 173.1 159.8
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1956 are:
136.6 163.2 159.0 167.2 167.0 158.9 168.1 198.6 203.1 200.3 245.0 245.8
&&
1957
Relative sunspot number for 1957 is 190.2
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1957 are:
129.1 107.2 133.5 161.2 151.5 181.6 160.4 139.7 207.2 229.2 191.3 227.9
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1957 are:
223.8 182.2 195.8 201.4 213.2 260.2 225.2 207.3 269.9 281.2 253.5 277.5
&&
1958
Relative sunspot number for 1958 is 184.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1958 are:
199.2 141.9 187.0 179.7 171.9 152.1 178.2 192.0 198.4 165.9 126.7 172.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1958 are:
243.4 207.0 249.2 247.5 223.5 227.5 231.4 242.9 246.2 226.4 204.6 230.8
&&
1959
Relative sunspot number for 1959 is 159.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1959 are:
199.3 118.9 158.3 150.4 139.6 150.7 141.6 179.8 136.4 112.7 122.3 129.9
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1959 are:
265.7 202.8 227.0 212.1 217.5 224.4 209.7 240.0 196.5 164.2 180.7 176.6
&&
1960
Relative sunspot number for 1960 is 112.3
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1960 are:
146.1 103.3 93.0 110.9 104.1 99.2 107.6 120.0 114.8 72.7 78.8 74.8
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1960 are:
196.1 166.6 145.3 168.7 166.3 167.0 169.3 178.8 166.3 141.4 145.7 133.8
&&
1961
Relative sunspot number for 1961 is 53.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1961 are:
46.3 36.5 46.3 57.7 40.9 65.3 59.8 42.0 51.4 28.8 27.2 34.0
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1961 are:
118.1 103.8 103.8 105.8 101.6 113.4 120.3 108.9 114.0 96.1 88.3 91.9
&&
1962
Relative sunspot number for 1962 is 37.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1962 are:
29.7 41.2 34.0 38.7 34.8 32.5 15.6 14.8 41.4 34.8 22.6 17.6
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1962 are:
91.9 99.7 99.4 96.9 100.1 93.9 83.3 79.3 90.5 87.2 83.0 79.4
&&
1963
Relative sunspot number for 1963 is 27.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1963 are:
14.7 19.1 12.8 23.9 36.8 29.4 15.7 26.7 31.2 28.4 19.2 8.2
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1963 are:
77.0 77.8 77.1 80.0 89.7 86.2 78.4 83.0 86.0 84.5 79.9 76.0
&&
1964
Relative sunspot number for 1964 is 10.2
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1964 are:
11.6 14.4 11.1 4.8 6.8 6.1 2.2 7.8 2.1 3.7 5.3 13.4
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1964 are:
73.0 75.0 75.1 73.1 71.0 71.2 69.2 71.1 70.9 72.9 72.1 76.4
&&
1965
Relative sunspot number for 1965 is 15.1
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1965 are:
15.6 13.3 9.1 6.4 17.7 11.4 7.7 4.5 15.0 15.6 14.2 14.3
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1965 are:
76.1 73.4 73.4 72.6 80.0 79.4 76.8 76.6 77.4 79.7 76.0 75.2
&&
1966
Relative sunspot number for 1966 is 47.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1966 are:
20.9 22.8 19.4 34.6 30.5 36.6 47.2 46.1 40.9 50.6 50.0 64.3
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1966 are:
85.1 82.1 89.4 97.8 100.8 99.4 110.2 109.2 112.0 107.9 110.8 120.7
&&
1967
Relative sunspot number for 1967 is 93.8
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1967 are:
101.4 85.6 105.0 61.9 87.2 62.3 82.4 96.7 68.5 84.2 82.6 117.2
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1967 are:
143.0 143.4 159.0 130.8 146.3 124.0 144.9 157.6 133.5 135.1 142.1 157.9
&&
1968
Relative sunspot number for 1968 is 105.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1968 are:
113.5 99.2 80.6 67.0 124.3 101.8 90.2 99.5 113.0 99.4 79.0 102.4
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1968 are:
183.1 168.9 141.2 130.4 158.4 146.8 141.7 145.7 142.5 151.4 135.5 143.8
&&
1969
Relative sunspot number for 1969 is 105.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1969 are:
103.5 113.3 134.0 102.4 120.9 105.5 92.5 96.3 88.9 96.4 94.7 106.7
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1969 are:
147.8 151.5 170.6 156.5 148.7 167.3 141.1 146.6 138.7 152.9 153.2 139.1
&&
1970
Relative sunspot number for 1970 is 104.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1970 are:
113.7 132.2 98.3 104.1 124.3 101.3 114.0 98.1 106.6 98.1 107.5 90.4
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1970 are:
153.2 171.2 156.8 163.1 172.2 159.9 157.0 141.6 144.8 147.3 158.5 148.0
&&
1971
Relative sunspot number for 1971 is 66.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1971 are:
90.8 77.8 61.1 74.9 54.6 44.9 83.0 60.2 50.3 52.3 64.9 83.0
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1971 are:
157.4 134.4 110.8 117.5 112.4 104.9 121.2 116.9 105.1 106.4 111.5 120.7
&&
1972
Relative sunspot number for 1972 is 68.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1972 are:
60.9 87.0 80.8 62.7 75.7 81.7 74.5 73.8 66.2 63.0 39.4 42.3
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1972 are:
111.1 138.4 127.1 113.7 132.5 139.7 126.0 128.9 114.9 120.2 99.4 99.7
&&
1973
Relative sunspot number for 1973 is 38.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1973 are:
38.8 40.5 44.9 56.4 39.5 37.9 20.8 25.5 61.3 30.0 24.2 20.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1973 are:
99.0 96.3 99.4 105.8 99.1 94.2 87.2 84.9 106.8 87.1 79.7 81.5
&&
1974
Relative sunspot number for 1974 is 34.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1974 are:
27.4 25.2 19.1 36.6 36.7 32.6 50.0 32.7 39.6 48.4 21.3 18.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1974 are:
80.4 78.9 78.4 86.7 92.6 89.0 95.5 85.1 88.7 97.1 88.3 78.6
&&
1975
Relative sunspot number for 1975 is 15.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1975 are:
16.7 11.2 10.3 4.0 7.3 10.3 28.5 39.1 11.9 8.1 18.8 6.6
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1975 are:
75.0 72.4 71.7 71.2 71.6 71.9 79.7 92.7 80.4 75.3 79.1 72.3
&&
1976
Relative sunspot number for 1976 is 12.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1976 are:
8.3 3.8 21.1 16.9 11.2 10.9 1.4 13.7 12.8 19.1 4.3 15.5
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1976 are:
72.4 68.8 75.9 76.8 72.2 72.8 69.8 76.6 73.9 75.4 71.3 74.3
&&
1977
Relative sunspot number for 1977 is 27.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1977 are:
15.5 23.0 8.0 10.7 16.0 34.4 18.3 27.6 41.9 45.5 28.4 42.8
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1977 are:
74.9 80.3 75.8 78.2 81.4 94.5 83.7 86.4 100.9 96.3 91.6 98.9
&&
1978
Relative sunspot number for 1978 is 92.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1978 are:
48.8 90.9 73.9 97.5 79.6 88.0 58.1 48.1 128.1 116.0 92.8 121.0
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1978 are:
106.1 141.8 140.3 150.5 149.7 146.8 135.4 116.9 159.6 157.1 148.2 170.0
&&
1979
Relative sunspot number for 1979 is 155.4
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1979 are:
164.4 136.8 132.5 95.8 121.8 136.4 140.5 125.1 184.0 178.2 176.5 157.6
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1979 are:
196.5 199.1 184.0 175.0 168.9 186.0 171.4 177.0 202.3 216.4 226.8 197.2
&&
1980
Relative sunspot number for 1980 is 154.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1980 are:
146.7 131.0 111.0 148.7 176.5 158.8 144.7 134.5 151.4 163.0 155.6 166.9
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1980 are:
199.6 195.1 166.5 209.3 229.1 199.3 190.8 170.3 185.9 202.9 213.4 218.8
&&
1981
Relative sunspot number for 1981 is 140.5
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1981 are:
115.4 143.7 149.2 169.2 141.3 99.0 154.3 170.4 174.5 157.0 138.8 145.0
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1981 are:
169.0 199.5 203.2 224.7 198.9 161.9 198.2 226.0 221.9 222.8 203.3 201.4
&&
1982
Relative sunspot number for 1982 is 115.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1982 are:
110.4 161.0 155.5 121.9 82.6 113.5 103.5 110.5 117.8 90.1 93.2 121.7
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1982 are:
173.4 208.9 208.3 162.9 147.9 177.4 164.8 172.1 167.1 160.9 163.7 193.2
&&
1983
Relative sunspot number for 1983 is 66.6
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1983 are:
82.8 53.4 60.5 74.5 97.7 93.1 82.2 69.2 47.4 52.3 30.2 32.3
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1983 are:
137.7 119.6 117.3 119.9 140.2 143.0 129.1 127.5 99.2 111.8 90.4 90.5
&&
1984
Relative sunspot number for 1984 is 45.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1984 are:
54.4 81.5 83.0 66.5 72.1 45.2 36.2 24.5 13.6 9.8 19.4 17.0
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1984 are:
112.4 137.2 120.8 129.7 131.1 103.5 92.2 85.8 78.9 73.1 74.6 73.5
&&
1985
Relative sunspot number for 1985 is 17.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1985 are:
14.5 16.3 11.8 17.1 24.0 22.2 30.8 10.7 3.4 16.5 16.4 10.1
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1985 are:
72.1 71.9 72.5 75.7 82.0 78.5 81.3 73.3 70.2 74.2 72.6 72.4
&&
1986
Relative sunspot number for 1986 is 11.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1986 are:
2.3 23.8 12.5 13.8 11.6 0.8 17.7 7.6 3.5 19.8 14.4 5.1
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1986 are:
70.9 81.5 76.2 75.6 74.2 69.7 72.5 70.1 69.4 82.4 75.5 70.4
&&
1987
Relative sunspot number for 1987 is 29.0
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1987 are:
9.4 3.0 13.3 39.4 30.7 18.0 34.3 39.0 34.0 55.8 42.5 26.7
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1987 are:
70.2 69.8 73.3 85.5 89.8 80.4 87.0 92.2 87.0 97.4 99.0 91.5
&&
1988
Relative sunspot number for 1988 is 100.9
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1988 are:
56.8 39.1 77.5 90.9 64.7 106.4 108.7 111.2 122.2 126.0 125.3 179.2
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1988 are:
104.6 102.4 113.8 123.6 117.9 143.8 157.6 158.0 154.1 168.7 152.8 193.5
&&
1989
Relative sunspot number for 1989 is 162.4
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1989 are:
159.1 163.9 139.8 131.6 156.4 217.5 133.8 173.5 177.6 161.0 172.9 161.6
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1989 are:
227.8 217.0 203.0 190.9 194.4 247.2 187.8 222.5 228.4 207.4 230.0 206.3
&&
1990
Relative sunspot number for 1990 is 145.1
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1990 are:
177.6 134.6 145.0 144.3 132.5 112.8 143.2 193.5 125.6 158.1 133.6 145.9
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2800 MHz for 1990 are:
203.4 174.1 187.0 186.6 194.0 176.3 186.6 228.1 179.3 180.9 180.3 ***.*
&&
1991
Relative sunspot number for 1991 is 140.7 (Year-to-date)
Monthly means of daily sunspot numbers for 1991 are:
140.7 ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.*
Ottawa monthly Mean Solar Fluxes at 2000 MHz for 1991 are:
***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.* ***.*
&&
A
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: AA a INDEX
Key: AB A INDEX
Key: AC ACTIVE
Key: AD ACTIVE DARK FILAMENT (ADF)
Key: AE ACTIVE LONGITUDE
Key: AF ACTIVE PROMINENCE
Key: AG ACTIVE PROMINENCE REGION (APR)
Key: AH ACTIVE REGION (AR)
Key: AI ACTIVE SURGE REGION (ASR)
Key: AJ AFRED
Key: AK ANGSTROM
Key: AL Ap INDEX
Key: AM ARCH FILAMENT SYSTEM (AFS)
Key: AN ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU)
Key: AO AURORA
Key: AP AURORAL OVAL
Key: AQ AUTUMNAL EQUINOX
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
B
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: BA BARTEL'S ROTATION NUMBER
Key: BB BRIGHT SURGE ON THE DISK (BSD)
Key: BC BRIGHT SURGE ON THE LIMB (BSL)
Key: BD BURST
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
C
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: CA CARRINGTON LONGITUDE
Key: CB CENTIMETER BURST
Key: CC CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD)
Key: CD CENTRAL MERIDIAN PASSAGE (CMP)
Key: CE CHROMOSPHERE
Key: CF CONJUGATE POINTS
Key: CG CONTINUUM STORM (CTM)
Key: CH COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME
Key: CI CORONA
Key: CJ CORONAL HOLE
Key: CK CORONAL RAIN (CRN)
Key: CL CORONAL TRANSIENTS
Key: CM COSMIC RAY
Key: CN CROCHET
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
D
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: DA D REGION
Key: DB DARK SURGE ON DISK (DSD)
Key: DC DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION
Key: DD DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT (DSF)
Key: DE DISK
Key: DF Dst INDEX
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
E
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: EA E REGION
Key: EB EMERGING FLUX REGION (EFR)
Key: EC EQUINOX
Key: ED ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE ON LIMB (EPL)
Key: EE EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF)
Key: EF EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
F
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: FA F CORONA
Key: FB F REGION
Key: FC FACULA
Key: FD FIBRIL
Key: FE FILAMENT
Key: FF FILAMENT CHANNEL
Key: FG FLARE
Key: FH fMIN
Key: FI foEs
Key: FJ foF2
Key: FK FORBUSH DECREASE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
G
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: GA GAMMA
Key: GB GAMMA RAYS
Key: GC GAUSS
Key: GD GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS
Key: GE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
Key: GF GEOMAGNETIC STORM
Key: GF1 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Minor
Key: GF2 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Major
Key: GF3 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Severe
Key: GF4 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Initial Phase
Key: GF5 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Main Phase
Key: GF6 GEOMAGNETIC STORM Recovery Phase
Key: GG GEOSYNCHRONOUS
Key: GH GRADUAL COMMENCEMENT
Key: GI GRANULATION
Key: GJ GREEN LINE
Key: GK GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT)
Key: GL GROUND-LEVEL EVENT (GLE)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
H
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: HA H-ALPHA
Key: HB H-component of the Geomagnetic Field
Key: HC HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)
Key: HD HIGH LATITUDES
Key: HE HIGH-SPEED STREAM
Key: HF HOMOLOGOUS FLARES
Key: HG HYDER FLARE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
I
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: IA INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)
Key: IB IONOSPHERE
Key: IC IONOSPHERIC STORM
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
J
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
There are no J listings.
Type SH/FLUX a-z
&&
K
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: KA K CORONA
Key: KB K INDEX
Key: KC KELVIN
Key: KD Kp INDEX
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
L
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: LA LEADER SPOT
Key: LB LIGHT BRIDGE
Key: LC LIMB
Key: LD LIMB FLARE
Key: LE LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM (LPS)
Key: LF LOW FREQUENCY (LF)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
M
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: MA M 3000
Key: MB MAGNETIC BAY
Key: MC MAGNETOGRAM
Key: MD MAGNETOPAUSE
Key: ME MAGNETOSPHERE
Key: MF MeV
Key: MG MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF)
Key: MH MICROWAVE BURST
Key: MI MIDDLE LATITUDES
Key: MJ MOUNT WILSON MAGNETIC CLASSIFICATIONS
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
N
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: NA NANOTESLA (nT)
Key: NB NEUTRAL LINE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
O
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
There are no O listings.
Type SH/FLUX a-z
&&
P
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: PA PENUMBRA
Key: PB PERSISTENCE
Key: PC PHOTOSPHERE
Key: PD PLAGE
Key: PE PLAGE CORRIDOR
Key: PF PLASMA
Key: PG POLAR CAP ABSORPTION (PCA)
Key: PH POST-FLARE LOOPS
Key: PI PROMINENCE
Key: PJ PROTON EVENT
Key: PK PROTON FLARE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
Q
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: QA QUIESCENT PROMINENCE (FILAMENT)
Key: QB QUIET
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
R
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: RA RADIO EMISSION
Key: RA1 RADIO EMISSION Type I
Key: RA2 RADIO EMISSION Type II
Key: RA3 RADIO EMISSION Type III
Key: RA4 RADIO EMISSION Type IV
Key: RB RECURRENCE
Key: RC RIOMETER (Relative Ionospheric Opacity meter)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
S
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: SA SECTOR BOUNDARY
Key: SB SHORT WAVE FADE (SWF)
Key: SC SMOOTHED SUNSPOT NUMBER
Key: SD SOLAR COORDINATES
Key: SE SOLAR CYCLE
Key: SF SOLAR FLUX INDEX (SFI)
Key: SG SOLAR MAXIMUM
Key: SH SOLAR MINIMUM
Key: SI SOLAR SECTOR BOUNDARY (SSB)
Key: SJ SOLAR WIND
Key: SK SPORADIC E
Key: SL STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC)
Key: SM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC)
Key: SN SUDDEN IMPULSE (SI+ or SI-)
Key: SO SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE (SID)
Key: SP SUNSPOT
Key: SQ SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION
Key: SR SUNSPOT NUMBER
Key: SS SURGE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
T
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: TA TWO-RIBBON FLARE
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
U
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: UA U BURST
Key: UB ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF)
Key: UC UMBRA
Key: UD UNIVERSAL TIME (UT)
Key: UE UNSETTLED
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
V
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: VA VERNAL EQUINOX
Key: VB VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)
Key: VC VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
W
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: WA WHITE LIGHT (WL)
Key: WB WHITE LIGHT FLARE
Key: WC WOLF NUMBER
Key: WD WWV
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
X
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: XA X-RAY BACKGROUND
Key: XB X-RAY BURST
Key: XC X-RAY FLARE CLASS (B, C, M, X)
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
Y
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
There are no Y listings.
Type SH/FLUX a-z
&&
Z
Index for Solar-terrestrial Glossary:
-------------------------------------
Key: ZA ZURICH SUNSPOT CLASSIFICATION
Type SH/FLUX [key] for the term you wish to look up.
&&
AA
a INDEX
A 3-hourly "equivalent amplitude" index of local geomagnetic activity
as reported on WWV. It is an indicator of long term variations in the
geomagnetic field. See Keys AB and KB.
The "a" is related to the 3-hourly K INDEX according to the following
scale:
K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a 0 4 7 15 27 48 80 140 240 400
&&
AB
A INDEX
A daily index of geomagnetic activity derived as the average of
the eight 3-hourly a indices. See Key(s) AA.
The following is a description of the numbers as they relate to
conditions of the geomagnetic field:
0 to 7 = Geomagnetic field quiet, excellent polar path condition
7 to 15 = Geomagnetic field unsettled. Good useable conditions,
possibly deteriorating.
15 to 30 = Geomagnetic field active, probably heralding a storm.
Poor conditions over the poles.
30 to 50 = Minor geomagnetic storm. No polar paths open.
Over 50 = Major geomagnetic storm. No polar paths open, other
paths noticeably deteriorated.
&&
AC
ACTIVE
Geomagnetic levels such that 15 <= Ap < 30.
&&
AD
ACTIVE DARK FILAMENT (ADF)
An ACTIVE PROMINENCE seen on the DISK. See Key(s) AF and DE.
&&
AE
ACTIVE LONGITUDE
The approximate center of a range of heliographic longitudes
in which ACTIVE REGIONS are more numerous and more FLARE-active
than the average. See Key(s) AH and FG.
&&
AF
ACTIVE PROMINENCE
A PROMINENCE displaying material motion and changes in appearance
over a few minutes of time. See Key(s) PI.
&&
AG
ACTIVE PROMINENCE REGION (APR)
A portion of the solar LIMB displaying ACTIVE PROMINENCEs.
See Key(s) AF and LC.
&&
AH
ACTIVE REGION (AR)
A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which
PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
See Key(s) FC, FG, PD, and SP.
&&
AI
ACTIVE SURGE REGION (ASR)
An ACTIVE REGION that exhibits a group or series of spike-like
surges that rise above the limb. See Key(s) AH.
&&
AJ
AFRED
Abbreviation for the A INDEX for Fredericksburg. See Key(s) AB.
&&
AK
ANGSTROM
A unit used in measuring the length of light waves (1.0E-08cm).
&&
AL
Ap INDEX
An averaged planetary A INDEX based on data from a set of specific
stations. See Key(s) AB.
&&
AM
ARCH FILAMENT SYSTEM (AFS)
A bright, compact PLAGE crossed by a system of small, arched FILAMENTS,
which is often a sign of rapid or continued growth in an ACTIVE REGION.
See Key(s) AH, FE, and PD.
&&
AN
ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU)
The mean earth-sun distance, equal to 1.496E+13cm or 214.94 solar radii.
&&
AO
AURORA
A faint visual phenomenon associated with geomagnetic activity,
which occurs mainly in the high-latitude night sky. Typical auroras
are 100 to 250 km above the ground.
&&
AP
AURORAL OVAL
An oval band around each geomagnetic pole which is the locus
of structured AURORAe. See Key(s) AO.
&&
AQ
AUTUMNAL EQUINOX
In the Northern Hemisphere the EQUINOX that occurs about September 22nd.
See Key(s) EC.
&&
BA
BARTEL'S ROTATION NUMBER
The serial number assigned to 27-day rotation periods of solar
and geophysical parameters. Rotation 1 in this sequence was assigned
arbitrarily by Bartel to begin in January 1833.
&&
BB
BRIGHT SURGE ON THE DISK (BSD)
A bright gaseous stream (SURGE) emanating from the CHROMOSPHERE.
See Key(s) CE and SS.
&&
BC
BRIGHT SURGE ON THE LIMB (BSL)
A large gaseous stream (SURGE) that moves outward more than 0.15
solar radius above the LIMB. See Key(s) LC and SS.
&&
BD
BURST
A transient enhancement of the solar RADIO EMISSION, usually
associated with an ACTIVE REGION or FLARE. See Key(s) AH, FG, and RA.
&&
CA
CARRINGTON LONGITUDE
A system of fixed longitudes rotating with the sun.
&&
CB
CENTIMETER BURST
A solar radio burst in the centimeter wavelength range.
&&
CC
CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD)
The angular distance in solar longitude measured from the central meridian.
&&
CD
CENTRAL MERIDIAN PASSAGE (CMP)
The passage of an ACTIVE REGION or other feature across the longitude
meridian that passes through the apparent center of the solar DISK.
See Key(s) AH and DE.
&&
CE
CHROMOSPHERE
The layer of the solar atmosphere above the PHOTOSPHERE and beneath
the transition region and the CORONA. See Key(s) CI and PC.
&&
CF
CONJUGATE POINTS
Two points on the earth's surface, at opposite ends of a geomagnetic
field line.
&&
CG
CONTINUUM STORM (CTM)
General term for solar noise lasting for hours and sometimes days.
&&
CH
COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME
By international agreement, the local time at the prime meridian,
which passes through Greenwich, England. Therefore, it is also known
as Greenwich Mean Time, or sometimes simply Universal Time.
&&
CI
CORONA
The outermost layer of the solar atmosphere, characterized by low
densities (<1.0E+09/cc) and high temperatures (>1,0E+06deg.K).
&&
CJ
CORONAL HOLE
An extended region of the CORONA, exceptionally low in density
and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. See Key(s) CI.
&&
CK
CORONAL RAIN (CRN)
Material condensing in the CORONA and appearing to rain down into
the CHROMOSPHERE as observed in H-ALPHA at the solar LIMB above
strong SUNSPOTS. See Key(s) CE, CI, HA, LC, and SP.
&&
CL
CORONAL TRANSIENTS
A general term for short-time-scale changes in the CORONA, but
principally used to describe outward-moving PLASMA clouds.
See Key(s) CI and PF.
&&
CM
COSMIC RAY
An extremely energetic (relativistic) charged particle.
&&
CN
CROCHET
A sudden deviation in the sunlit geomagnetic field (H component;
see GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS) associated with large solar FLARE X-ray
emission. See Key(s) FG and GD.
&&
DA
D REGION
A daytime layer of the earth's IONOSPHERE approximately 50 to
90 km in altitude. See Key(s) IB.
&&
DB
DARK SURGE ON DISK (DSD)
Dark gaseous ejections visible in H-ALPHA. See Key(s) HA.
&&
DC
DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION
The change in solar rotation rate with latitude. Low latitudes
rotate at a faster angular rate (approx. 14 degrees per day)
than do high latitudes (approx. 12 degrees per day).
&&
DD
DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT (DSF)
The sudden (timescale of minutes to hours) disappearance of
a solar FILAMENT (PROMINENCE). See Key(s) FE and PI.
&&
DE
DISK
The visible surface of the sun (or any heavenly body) projected
against the sky.
&&
DF
Dst INDEX
A geomagnetic index describing variations in the equatorial ring
current.
&&
EA
E REGION
A daytime layer of the earth's ionosphere roughly between the
altitudes of 85 and 140 km.
&&
EB
EMERGING FLUX REGION (EFR)
An area on the sun where new magnetic flux is erupting.
&&
EC
EQUINOX
The time when the sun crosses the equator, making night and day
of equal length in all parts of the earth. See Key(s) AQ and VA.
&&
ED
ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE ON LIMB (EPL)
A solar PROMINENCE that becomes activated and is seen to ascend
from the sun. See Key(s) PI.
&&
EE
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 3000 hertz.
&&
EF
EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV)
A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from approximately
100 to 1000 angstroms.
&&
FA
F CORONA
Of the white-light CORONA (that is, the corona seen by the eye at
a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight
scattered or reflected by solid particles (dust) in inter-planetary space.
See Key(s) CI.
&&
FB
F REGION
The upper layer of the IONOSPHERE, approximately 120 to 1500 km
in altitude. The F region is subdivided into the F1 and F2
regions. The F2 region is the most dense and peaks at altitudes
between 200 and 600 km. The F1 region is a smaller peak in
electron density, which forms at lower altitudes in the daytime.
See Key(s) IB.
&&
FC
FACULA
A bright region of the PHOTOSPHERE seen in white light, seldom
visible except near the solar LIMB. See Key(s) LC and PC.
&&
FD
FIBRIL
A linear pattern in the H-ALPHA CHROMOSPHERE of the sun, as seen
through an H-alpha filter, occurring near strong SUNSPOTS and
PLAGE or in FILAMENT channels. See Key(s) FE, HA, PD, and SP.
&&
FE
FILAMENT
A mass of gas suspended over the PHOTOSPHERE by magnetic fields
and seen as dark lines threaded over the solar DISK. A filament
on the LIMB of the sun seen in emission against the dark sky is
called a PROMINENCE. See Key(s) DE, PC, and PI.
&&
FF
FILAMENT CHANNEL
A broad pattern of FIBRILS in the CHROMOSPHERE, marking where a
FILAMENT may soon form or where a filament recently disappeared.
See Key(s) CE, FD, and FE.
&&
FG
FLARE
A sudden eruption of energy on the solar DISK lasting minutes to
hours, from which radiation and particles are emitted. See Key(s) DE.
&&
FH
fMIN
The lowest radiowave frequency that can be reflected from the IONOSPHERE.
See Key(s) IB.
&&
FI
foEs
The maximum ordinary mode radiowave frequency capable of reflection
from the SPORADIC E region of the IONOSPHERE. See Key(s) IB and SK.
&&
FJ
foF2
The maximum ordinary mode radiowave frequency capable of reflection
from the F2 REGION of the IONOSPHERE. See Key(s) FB and IB.
&&
FK
FORBUSH DECREASE
An abrupt decrease, of at least 10%, of the background galactic
COSMIC RAY intensity as observed by neutron monitors. See Key(s) CM.
&&
GA
GAMMA
A unit of magnetic field intensity equal to 1 x 10.0E-05 GAUSS,
also equal to 1 NANOTESLA. See Key(s) GC and NA.
&&
GB
GAMMA RAYS
High energy radiation (energies in excess of 100 keV) observed
during large, extremely energetic solar FLARES. See Key(s) FG.
&&
GC
GAUSS
The unit of magnetic induction in the cgs (centimeter-gram-second)
system.
&&
GD
GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS
The components of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth.
In SESC use, the northward and eastward components are often called
the H and D components, where the D component is expressed in gammas
and is derived from D (the declination angle) using the small angle
approximation.
&&
GE
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
The magnetic fiebserved in and around the earth. The intensity of
the magnetic field at the earth's surface is approximately 0.32 gauss
at the equator and 0.62 gauss at the north pole.
&&
GF
GEOMAGNETIC STORM
A worldwide disturbance of the earth's magnetic field, distinct
from regular diurnal variations.
&&
GF1
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Minor Geomagnetic Storm
A storm for which the Ap index was greater than 29 and less than 50.
See Key(s) AB.
&&
GF2
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Major Geomagnetic Storm
A storm for which the Ap index was greater than 49 and less than 100.
See Key(s) AB.
&&
GF3
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Severe Geomagnetic Storm
A storm for which the Ap index was 100 or more.
See Key(s) AB.
&&
GF4
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Initial Phase
Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when there may be an increase
of the middle-latitude horizontal intensity (H).
&&
GF5
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Main Phase
Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when the horizontal magnetic
field at middle latitudes is generally decreasing.
&&
GF6
GEOMAGNETIC STORM Recovery Phase
Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when the depressed northward
field component returns to normal levels.
&&
GG
GEOSYNCHRONOUS
Term applied to any equatorial satellite with an orbital velocity
equal to the rotational velocity of the earth. The net effect is
that the satellite is virtually motionless with respect to an
observer on the ground.
&&
GH
GRADUAL COMMENCEMENT
The commencement of a geomagnetic storm that has no well-defined onset.
&&
GI
GRANULATION
Cellular structure of the PHOTOSPHERE visible at high spatial resolution.
See Key(s) PC.
&&
GJ
GREEN LINE
The green line is one of the strongest (and first-recognized)
visible coronal lines. It identifies moderate temperature regions
of the CORONA. See Key(s) CI.
&&
GK
GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT)
Same as COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC). See Key(s) CH.
&&
GL
GROUND-LEVEL EVENT (GLE)
A sharp increase in ground-level COSMIC RAY count to at least 10%
above background, associated with solar protons of energies greater
than 500 MeV. GLEs are relatively rare, occurring only a few times
each SOLAR CYCLE. See Key(s) CM and SE.
&&
HA
H-ALPHA
This absorption line of neutral hydrogen falls in the red part of
the visible spectrum and is convenient for solar observations.
The H-alpha line is universally used for patrol observations of
solar flares.
&&
HB
H-component of the Geomagnetic Field
Same as GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS. See Key(s) GD.
&&
HC
HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum between between 3 and 30 MHz.
&&
HD
HIGH LATITUDES
With specific reference to zones of geomagnetic activity, "high latitudes"
refers to 50o to 80o geomagnetic.
&&
HE
HIGH-SPEED STREAM
A feature of the SOLAR WIND having velocities that are about double
average solar wind values. See Key(s) SJ.
&&
HF
HOMOLOGOUS FLARES
Solar flares that occur repetitively in the same ACTIVE REGION, with
essentially the same position and with a common pattern of development.
See Key(s) AH.
&&
HG
HYDER FLARE
A FILAMENT-associated TWO-RIBBON FLARE, often occurring in spotless
regions. The flare presumably results from the impact on the
CHROMOSPHERE of infalling FILAMENT material. See Key(s) CE, FE, and TA.
&&
IA
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)
The magnetic field carried with the SOLAR WIND. See Key(s) SJ.
&&
IB
IONOSPHERE
The region of the earth's upper atmosphere containing a small
percentage of free electrons and ions produced by photoionization
of the constituents of the atmosphere by solar ultraviolet radiation
at very short wavelengths (<1000 angstroms). The ionosphere
significantly influences radiowave propagation of frequencies
less than about 30 MHz.
&&
IC
IONOSPHERIC STORM
A disturbance in the F REGION of the IONOSPHERE, which occurs in
connection with geomagnetic activity. See Key(s) FB and IB.
&&
KA
K CORONA
Of the white-light CORONA (that is, the corona seen by the eye at
a total solar eclipse), that portion which is caused by sunlight
scattered by electrons in the hot outer atmosphere of the sun.
See Key(s) CI.
&&
KB
K INDEX
A 3-hourly quasi-logarithmic local index of geomagnetic activity
relative to an assumed quiet-day curve for the recording site.
Range is from 0 to 9. The K index measures the deviation of the
most disturbed horizontal component. The K index is sometimes
corelated with the "a" index, although its variations are much less
severe. The K index relates to the "a" index as follows:
K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a 0 4 7 15 27 48 80 140 240 400
The K index, being an absorption factor, applies principally to
frequencies below 5 MHz.
&&
KC
KELVIN
A scale of thermodynamic temperature measured from absolute zero
(-273.15 C). A unit of temperature on this scale; one kelvin
equals one degree Celsius.
&&
KD
Kp INDEX
A 3-hourly planetary geomagnetic index of activity generated in
Gottingen, Germany, based on the K INDEX from 12 or 13 stations
distributed around the world. See Key(s) KB.
&&
LA
LEADER SPOT
In a magnetically bipolar or multipolar SUNSPOT group, the western
part precedes and the main spot in that part is called the leader.
See Key(s) SP.
&&
LB
LIGHT BRIDGE
Observed in white light, a bright tongue or streaks penetrating
or crossing sunspot UMBRAe. The appearance of a light bridge
is frequently a sign of impending region division or dissolution.
See Key(s) UC.
&&
LC
LIMB
The edge of the solar DISK. See Key(s) DE.
&&
LD
LIMB FLARE
A solar FLARE seen at the edge (LIMB) of the sun. See Key(s) FG and LC.
&&
LE
LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM (LPS)
A system of loop prominences associated with major FLARES. See Key(s) FG.
&&
LF
LOW FREQUENCY (LF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 300 kHz.
&&
MA
M 3000
The optimum HIGH FREQUENCY radio wave with a 3000 km range, which
reflects only once from the IONOSPHERE (single hop transmission).
See Key(s) HC and IB.
&&
MB
MAGNETIC BAY
A relatively smooth excursion of the H (horizontal) component
(see GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS) of the geomagnetic field away from and
returning to quiet levels. See Key(s) GD and HB.
&&
MC
MAGNETOGRAM
Solar magnetograms are a graphic representation of solar magnetic
field strengths and polarity.
&&
MD
MAGNETOPAUSE
The boundary layer between the SOLAR WIND and the MAGNETOSPHERE.
See Key(s) ME and SJ.
&&
ME
MAGNETOSPHERE
The magnetic cavity surrounding the earth, carved out of the passing
SOLAR WIND by virtue of the GEOMAGNETIC FIELD, which prevents, or at
least impedes, the direct entry of the solar wind PLASMA into the cavity.
See Key(s) GD and SJ.
&&
MF
MeV
Mega (million) electronvolt. A unit of energy used to describe the
total energy carried by a particle or photon.
&&
MG
MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 0.3 to 3 MHz.
&&
MH
MICROWAVE BURST
A radiowave signal associated with optical and/or X-ray flares.
&&
MI
MIDDLE LATITUDES
With specific reference to zones of geomagnetic activity,
"middle latitudes" refers to 20 deg. to 50 deg. geomagnetic.
&&
MJ
MOUNT WILSON MAGNETIC CLASSIFICATIONS
Alpha - Denotes a unipolar sunspot group.
Beta - A sunspot group having both positive and negative magnetic
polarities, with a simple and distinct division between the polarities.
Beta-Gamma - A sunspot group that is bipolar but in which no
continuous line can be drawn separating spots of opposite polarities.
Delta - A complex magnetic configuration of a solar sunspot group
consisting of opposite polarity umbrae within the same penumbra.
Gamma - A complex active region in which the positive and negative
polarities are so irregularly distributed as to prevent classification
as a bipolar group.
&&
MK
NANOTESLA (nT)
A unit of magnetism 10.0E-09 tesla, equivalent to a gamma (10.0E-05 gauss).
&&
ML
NEUTRAL LINE
The line that separates longitudinal magnetic fields of opposite polarity.
&&
PA
PENUMBRA
The SUNSPOT area that may surround the darker UMBRA or umbrae. It
consists of linear bright and dark elements radial from the sunspot
umbra. See Key(s) SP and UC.
&&
PB
PERSISTENCE
Continuation of existing conditions. When a physical parameter varies
slowly, the best prediction is often persistence.
&&
PC
PHOTOSPHERE
The lowest layer of the solar atmosphere; corresponds to the
solar surface viewed in WHITE LIGHT. SUNSPOTs and FACULAe are
observed in the photosphere. See Key(s) FC, SP, and WA.
&&
PD
PLAGE
An extended emission feature of an ACTIVE REGION that exists from
the emergence of the first magnetic flux until the widely scattered
remnant magnetic fields merge with the background. See Key(s) AH.
&&
PE
PLAGE CORRIDOR
A space in chromospheric (see CHROMOSPHERE) PLAGE lacking plage
intensity, coinciding with polarity inversion line. See Key(s) CE and PD.
&&
PF
PLASMA
Any ionized gas, that is, any gas containing ions and electrons.
&&
PG
POLAR CAP ABSORPTION (PCA)
An anomalous condition of the polar IONOSPHERE whereby HF and VHF
(3 - 300 MHz) radiowaves are absorbed, and LF and VLF (3 - 300 kHz)
radiowaves are reflected at lower altitudes than normal. In practice,
the absorption is inferred from the proton flux at energies greater
than 10 MeV, so that PCAs and PROTON EVENTs are simultaneous.
Transpolar radio paths may still be disturbed for days, up to weeks,
following the end of a proton event. See Key(s) IB.
&&
PH
POST-FLARE LOOPS
A LOOP PROMINENCE SYSTEM often seen after a major TWO-RIBBON FLARE,
which bridges the ribbons. See Key(s) LE and TA.
&&
PI
PROMINENCE
A term identifying cloud-like features in the solar atmosphere.
The features appear as bright structures in the CORONA above the
solar LIMB and as dark FILAMENTs when seen projected against the
solar DISK. See Key(s) CI, DE, FE, and LC
&&
PJ
PROTON EVENT
By definition, the measurement of at least 10 protons/sq.cm/sec/steradian
at energies greater than 10 MeV.
&&
PK
PROTON FLARE
Any FLARE producing significant fluxes of greater-than-10 MeV protons
in the vicinity of the earth. See Key(s) FG.
&&
QA
QUIESCENT PROMINENCE (FILAMENT)
Long, sheet-like prominences nearly vertical to the solar surface.
&&
QB
QUIET
A descriptive word specifically meaning geomagnetic levels such that
Ap < 8 (see Ap INDEX). See Key(s) AL.
&&
RA
RADIO EMISSION
Emissions of the sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to
dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions.
&&
RA1
RADIO EMISSION Type I
A noise storm composed of many short, narrow-band bursts in the
metric range (300 - 50 MHz).
&&
RA2
RADIO EMISSION Type II
Narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (300 MHz)
and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths
(10 MHz). Type II emissions occur in loose association with major
flares and are indicative of a shock wave moving through the solar
atmosphere.
&&
RA3
RADIO EMISSION Type III
Narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter
to dekameter wavelengths (500 - 0.5 MHz). They often occur in
groups and are an occasional feature of complex solar ACTIVE REGIONs.
See Key(s) AH.
&&
RA4
RADIO EMISSION Type IV
A smooth continuum of broad-band bursts primarily in the meter range
(300 - 30 MHz). These bursts are associated with some major flare
events beginning 10 to 20 minutes after the flare maximum, and can
last for hours.
&&
RB
RECURRENCE
Used especially in reference to the recurrence of physical
parameters every 27 days (the rotation period of the sun).
&&
RC
RIOMETER (Relative Ionospheric Opacity meter)
A specially designed radio receiver for continuous monitoring of
cosmic noise. The absorption of cosmic noise in the polar regions
is very sensitive to the solar low-energy cosmic ray flux.
&&
SA
SECTOR BOUNDARY
In the SOLAR WIND, the area of demarcation between sectors, which
are large-scale features distinguished by the predominant direction
of the interplanetary magnetic field, toward or away from the sun.
See Key(s) SJ.
&&
SB
SHORT WAVE FADE (SWF)
A particular ionospheric solar flare effect under the broad category
of SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCEs (SIDs) whereby short-wavelength
radio transmissions, VLF, through HF, are absorbed for a period
of minutes to hours. See Key(s) SO.
&&
SC
SMOOTHED SUNSPOT NUMBER
An average of 13 monthly RI numbers, centered on the month of concern.
&&
SD
SOLAR COORDINATES
See Key(s) CC, CENTRAL MERIDIAN DISTANCE (CMD).
&&
SE
SOLAR CYCLE
The approximately 11-year quasi-periodic variation in frequency
or number of solar active events.
&&
SF
SOLAR FLUX INDEX (SFI)
The measurement of sun radio noise at 2400 MHz providing an analog
of energies that excite the E and F layers of the ionosphere. This
index, provided by an observatory in Ottawa, may be heard on WWV.
The solar index has a periodicity of about 27 1/2 days. The SFI
relates to sunspots as follows:
68 = No Sunspots 104 = 50 Sunspots
77 = 10 Sunspots 135 = 100 Sunspots
83 = 20 Sunspots 158 = 130 Sunspots
90 = 30 Sunspots 180 = 160 Sunspots
See Key(s) WD.
&&
SG
SOLAR MAXIMUM
The month(s) during the SOLAR CYCLE when the 12-month mean of monthly
average SUNSPOT NUMBERS reaches a maximum. The most recent solar
maximum occurred in December 1979. See Key(s) SE.
&&
SH
SOLAR MINIMUM
The month(s) during the SOLAR CYCLE when the 12-month mean of monthly
average SUNSPOT NUMBERS reaches a minimum. See Key(s) SE and SR.
&&
SI
SOLAR SECTOR BOUNDARY (SSB)
The apparent solar origin, or base, of the interplanetary SECTOR BOUNDARY
marked by the larger-scale polarity inversion lines. See Key(s) SA.
&&
SJ
SOLAR WIND
The outward flux of solar particles and magnetic fields from the sun.
Typically, solar wind velocities are near 350 km/s.
&&
SK
SPORADIC E
A phenomenon occurring in the E REGION of the IONOSPHERE, which
significantly affects HF radiowave propagation. Sporadic E can
occur during daytime or nighttime and it varies markedly with latitude.
See Key(s) EA and IB.
&&
SL
STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC)
An abrupt increase or decrease in the northward component of the
geomagnetic field, which marks the beginning of a GEOMAGNETIC STORM.
Also known as SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC). See Key(s) GF and SM.
&&
SM
SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SC)
An abrupt increase or decrease in the northward component of the
geomagnetic field, which marks the beginning of a GEOMAGNETIC STORM.
Also known as STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT (SSC). See Key(s) GF and SL.
&&
SN
SUDDEN IMPULSE (SI+ or SI-)
A sudden perturbation of several gammas in the northward component
of the low-latitude geomagnetic field, not associated with a following
GEOMAGNETIC STORM. (An SI becomes an SC if a storm follows.)
See Key(s) GF.
&&
SO
SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE (SID)
HF propagation anomalies due to ionospheric changes resulting from
solar FLAREs, PROTON EVENTs and GEOMAGNETIC STORMs. See Key(s) FG, PJ,
and GF.
&&
SP
SUNSPOT
An area seen as a dark spot on the PHOTOSPHERE of the sun. Sunspots
are concentrations of magnetic flux, typically occurring in bipolar
clusters or groups. They appear dark because they are cooler than
the surrounding photosphere. See Key(s) PC.
&&
SQ
SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION (Modified Zurich Sunspot Classification).
A - A small single unipolar sunspot or very small group of
spots without PENUMBRA. See Key(s) PA.
B - Bipolar sunspot group with no penumbra.
C - An elongated bipolar sunspot group. One sunspot must have penumbra.
D - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both ends
of the group.
E - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both ends.
Longitudinal extent of penumbra exceeds 10 deg. but not 15 deg.
F - An elongated bipolar sunspot group with penumbra on both
ends. Longitudinal extent of penumbra exceeds 15 deg.
H - A unipolar sunspot group with penumbra.
&&
SR
SUNSPOT NUMBER
A daily index of SUNSPOT activity (R), defined as R = k (10 g + s)
where S = number of individual spots, g = number of sunspot groups,
and k is an observatory factor. See Key(s) SP.
&&
SS
SURGE
A jet of material from ACTIVE REGIONs that reaches coronal heights
and then either fades or returns into the CHROMOSPHERE along the
trajectory of ascent. See Key(s) AH and CE.
&&
TA
TWO-RIBBON FLARE
A FLARE that has developed as a pair of bright strands (ribbons)
on both sides of the main inversion ("neutral") line of the
magnetic field of the ACTIVE REGION. See Key(s) AH.
&&
UA
U BURST
A fast radio burst spectrum of a FLARE. It has a U-shaped appearance
in an intensity-vs.-frequency plot. See Key(s) FG.
&&
UB
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF)
Those radio frequencies exceeding 300 MHz.
&&
UC
UMBRA
The dark core or cores (umbrae) in a SUNSPOT with PENUMBRA, or a
sunspot lacking penumbra. See Key(s) PA and SP.
&&
UD
UNIVERSAL TIME (UT)
Same as COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME. See Key(s) CH.
&&
UE
UNSETTLED
With regard to geomagnetic levels, a descriptive word specifically
meaning that 7 < the Ap INDEX < 15.
&&
VA
VERNAL EQUINOX
In the Northern Hemisphere the EQUINOX that occurs about March 21st.
See Key(s) EC.
&&
VB
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 30 to 300 MHz.
&&
VC
VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 3 to 30 kHz.
&&
WA
WHITE LIGHT (WL)
Sunlight integrated over the visible portion of the spectrum
(4000 - 7000 angstroms) so that all colors are blended to appear
white to the eye.
&&
WB
WHITE LIGHT FLARE
A major FLARE in which small parts become visible in white light.
Such flares are usually strong X-ray, radio, and particle emitters.
See Key(s) FG.
&&
WC
WOLF NUMBER
An historic term for SUNSPOT NUMBER. In 1849, R. Wolf of Zurich
originated the general procedure for computing the sunspot number.
See Key(s) SR.
&&
WD
WWV
The Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Enviromental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colorado maintain time
standard stations at Fort Collins, Colorado (WWV) and Kuaui, Hawaii (WWVH).
These stations transmit time announcements and propagation bulletins.
Solar Flux announcements are made 18 minutes past the hour on WWV and 45
minutes past the hour on WWVH.
See Key(s) SF.
&&
XA
X-RAY BACKGROUND
A daily average background X-ray flux in the 1 to 8 angstrom range.
It is a midday minimum designed to reduce the effects of flares.
&&
XB
X-RAY BURST
A temporary enhancement of the X-ray emission of the sun. The
time-intensity profile of soft X-ray bursts is similar to that of
the H-ALPHA profile of an associated FLARE. See Key(s) FG and HA.
&&
XC
X-RAY FLARE CLASS
Rank of a FLARE based on its X-ray energy output. Flares are
classified by the order of magnitude of the peak burst intensity
(I) measured at the earth in the 1 to 8 angstrom band as follows:
Class (in Watt/sq. Meter)
----- ------------------
B I < 10.0E-06
C 10.0E-06 <= I <= 10.0E-05
M 10.0E-05 <= I <= 10.0E-04
X I >= 10.0E-04
&&
XA
ZURICH SUNSPOT CLASSIFICATION
A sunspot classification system that has been modified for SESC use.
See Key(s) SQ, SUNSPOT GROUP CLASSIFICATION.
&&
END
DX PacketCluster Database - FLUX (with Glossary) - by K6PBT
&&