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- /******************************************************************************
- * Convex.c - test convexity and converts polygons to convex ones. *
- *******************************************************************************
- * Written by Gershon Elber, March 1990. *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
- /* #define DEBUG2 Defines some printing/debugging routines. */
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <ctype.h>
- #include <math.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "allocate.h"
- #include "convex.h"
- #include "poly_cln.h"
- #include "geomat3d.h"
- #include "intrnrml.h"
- #include "priorque.h"
-
- /* Used to hold edges (V | V -> Pnext) that intersect with level y = Ylevel. */
- typedef struct InterYVrtxList {
- ByteType InterYType;
- IPVertexStruct *V;
- struct InterYVrtxList *Pnext;
- } InterYVrtxList;
-
- #define CONVEX_EPSILON 1e-8 /* Colinearity of two normalized vectors. */
-
- #define INTER_Y_NONE 0 /* Y level intersection type. */
- #define INTER_Y_START 1
- #define INTER_Y_MIDDLE 2
-
- #define LOOP_ABOVE_Y 0 /* Type of open loops extracted from polygon. */
- #define LOOP_BELOW_Y 1
-
- /* Used to sort and combine the polygons above Ylevel together if possible. */
- typedef struct SortPolysInX {
- IPVertexStruct *VMinX, *VMaxX;
- int Reverse; /* If TRUE than VMinX vertex is AFTER VMaxX vertex. */
- } SortPolysInX;
-
- /* The following are temporary flags used to mark vertices that were visited */
- /* by the loop tracing, at list once. As each vertex may be visited two at */
- /* the most (as starting & as end point of open loop), this is enough. */
- /* INTER_TAG is used to mark vertices that created brand new with intersected*/
- /* with the line y = Ylevel. Those are used to detect INTERNAL edges - if */
- /* at list one end of it is INTER_TAG, that edge is INTERNAL. */
- #define INTER_TAG 0x40
- #define VISITED_TAG 0x80
-
- #define IS_INTER_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags & INTER_TAG)
- #define SET_INTER_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags |= INTER_TAG)
- #define RST_INTER_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags &= ~INTER_TAG)
-
- #define IS_VISITED_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags & VISITED_TAG)
- #define SET_VISITED_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags |= VISITED_TAG)
- #define RST_VISITED_VRTX(Vrtx) ((Vrtx)->Tags &= ~VISITED_TAG)
-
- static int SplitPolyIntoTwo(IPPolygonStruct *Pl,
- IPVertexStruct *V,
- IPPolygonStruct **Pl1,
- IPPolygonStruct **Pl2);
- static IPVertexStruct *FindRayPolyInter(IPPolygonStruct *Pl,
- IPVertexStruct *VRay,
- PointType RayDir,
- PointType PInter);
- static void TestConvexityDir(IPPolygonStruct *Pl);
-
- #ifdef DEBUG2
- static void PrintVrtxList(IPVertexStruct *V);
- static void PrintPoly(IPPolygonStruct *P);
- #endif /* DEBUG2 */
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: M
- * Routine to prepare a transformation martix to rotate such that Dir is M
- * parallel to the Z axes. Used by the convex decomposition to rotate the M
- * polygons to be XY plane parallel. M
- * Algorithm: form a 4 by 4 matrix from Dir as follows: M
- * | Tx Ty Tz 0 | A transformation which takes the coord V
- * | Bx By Bz 0 | system into T, N & B as required. V
- * [X Y Z 1] * | Nx Ny Nz 0 | V
- * | 0 0 0 1 | V
- * N is exactly Dir, but we got freedom on T & B which must be on M
- * a plane perpendicular to N and perpendicular between them but thats all! M
- * T is therefore selected using this (heuristic ?) algorithm: M
- * Let P be the axis of which the absolute N coefficient is the smallest. M
- * Let B be (N cross P) and T be (B cross N). M
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: M
- * Mat: To place the constructed homogeneous transformation. M
- * Dir: To derive a transformation such that Dir goes to Z axis. M
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: M
- * void M
- * *
- * KEYWORDS: M
- * GenRotateMatrix, transformations M
- *****************************************************************************/
- void GenRotateMatrix(MatrixType Mat, VectorType Dir)
- {
- int i, j;
- RealType R;
- VectorType DirN, T, B, P;
-
- PT_COPY(DirN, Dir);
- PT_NORMALIZE(DirN);
- PT_CLEAR(P);
- for (i = 1, j = 0, R = ABS(DirN[0]); i < 3; i++)
- if (R > ABS(DirN[i])) {
- R = DirN[i];
- j = i;
- }
- P[j] = 1.0;/* Now P is set to the axis with the biggest angle from DirN. */
-
- GMVecCrossProd(B, DirN, P); /* calc the bi-normal. */
- PT_NORMALIZE(B);
- GMVecCrossProd(T, B, DirN); /* calc the tangent. */
-
- MatGenUnitMat(Mat);
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
- Mat[i][0] = T[i];
- Mat[i][1] = B[i];
- Mat[i][2] = DirN[i];
- }
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: M
- * Routine to test all polygons in a given object for convexity, and split M
- * non convex ones, non destructively - the original object is not modified. M
- * This function will introduce new vertices to the split polygons. M
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: M
- * PObj: To test for convexity of its polygons. M
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: M
- * IPObjectStruct *: A duplocate of PObj, but with convex polygons only. M
- * *
- * KEYWORDS: M
- * ConvexPolyObjectN, convexity, convex polygon M
- *****************************************************************************/
- IPObjectStruct *ConvexPolyObjectN(IPObjectStruct *PObj)
- {
- IPObjectStruct
- *PObjCopy= CopyObject(NULL, PObj, FALSE);
-
- ConvexPolyObject(PObjCopy);
-
- return PObjCopy;
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: M
- * Routine to test all polygons in a given object for convexity, and split M
- * non convex ones, in place. M
- * This function will introduce new vertices to the split polygons. M
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: M
- * PObj: To test for convexity of its polygons, and split into convex M
- * polygons non convex polygons found, in place. Either a M
- * polygonal object or a list of polygonal objects. M
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: M
- * void M
- * *
- * KEYWORDS: M
- * ConvexPolyObject, convexity, convex polygon M
- *****************************************************************************/
- void ConvexPolyObject(IPObjectStruct *PObj)
- {
- IPPolygonStruct *Pl, *PlSplit, *PlTemp,
- *PlPrev = NULL;
-
- if (IP_IS_OLST_OBJ(PObj)) {
- int i = 0;
- IPObjectStruct *Obj;
-
- while ((Obj = ListObjectGet(PObj, i++)) != NULL)
- ConvexPolyObject(Obj);
-
- return;
- }
-
- if (!IP_IS_POLY_OBJ(PObj) || IP_IS_POLYLINE_OBJ(PObj))
- return;
-
- Pl = PObj -> U.Pl;
- while (Pl != NULL) {
- if (!ConvexPolygon(Pl)) {
- PlSplit = SplitNonConvexPoly(Pl);
- CleanUpPolygonList(&PlSplit); /* Zero length edges etc. */
- if (PlSplit != NULL) { /* Something is wrong here, ignore. */
- if (Pl == PObj -> U.Pl)
- PObj -> U.Pl = PlSplit; /* First. */
- else
- PlPrev -> Pnext = PlSplit;
-
- PlTemp = PlSplit;
- while (PlTemp -> Pnext != NULL)
- PlTemp = PlTemp -> Pnext;
- PlTemp -> Pnext = Pl -> Pnext;
- PlPrev = PlTemp;
- IPFreePolygon(Pl); /* Free old polygon. */
- Pl = PlPrev -> Pnext;
- }
- else {
- if (Pl == PObj -> U.Pl)
- PObj -> U.Pl = Pl -> Pnext;
- PlPrev = Pl -> Pnext;
- IPFreePolygon(Pl); /* Free old polygon. */
- Pl = PlPrev;
- }
- }
- else {
- PlPrev = Pl;
- Pl = Pl -> Pnext;
- }
- }
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: M
- * Routine to test if the given polygon is convex or not. M
- * Algorithm: The polygon is convex iff the normals generated from cross M
- * products of two consecutive edges points to the same direction. M
- * Note a 5 star polygon satisfies this constraint but it is self M
- * intersectingand we assume given polygon is not selft intersecting. M
- * The computed direction is alos verified against the polygon's plane M
- * normal. M
- * The routine returns TRUE iff the polygon is convex. In addition the M
- * polygon CONVEX tag (see IPPolygonStruct) is also updated. M
- * If the polygon is already marked as convex, nothing is tested! M
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: M
- * Pl: To test its convexity condition. M
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: M
- * int: TRUE if convex, FALSE otherwise. M
- * *
- * KEYWORDS: M
- * ConvexPolygon, convexity, convex polygon M
- *****************************************************************************/
- int ConvexPolygon(IPPolygonStruct *Pl)
- {
- int FirstTime = TRUE;
- RealType Size,
- NormalSign = 0.0;
- VectorType V1, V2, PolyNormal, Normal;
- IPVertexStruct *VNext,
- *V = Pl -> PVertex;
-
- if (IP_IS_CONVEX_POLY(Pl))
- return TRUE; /* Nothing to do around here. */
-
- /* Copy only A, B, C from Ax+By+Cz+D = 0: */
- PT_COPY(PolyNormal, Pl -> Plane);
-
- do {
- VNext = V -> Pnext;
-
- PT_SUB(V1, VNext -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- if ((Size = PT_LENGTH(V1)) > IRIT_EPSILON) {
- Size = 1.0 / Size;
- PT_SCALE(V1, Size);
- }
- PT_SUB(V2, VNext -> Pnext -> Coord, VNext -> Coord);
- if ((Size = PT_LENGTH(V2)) > IRIT_EPSILON) {
- Size = 1.0 / Size;
- PT_SCALE(V2, Size);
- }
- GMVecCrossProd(Normal, V1, V2);
-
- if (PT_LENGTH(Normal) < CONVEX_EPSILON) {
- V = VNext;
- continue; /* Skip colinear points. */
- }
-
- if (FirstTime) {
- FirstTime = FALSE;
- NormalSign = DOT_PROD(Normal, PolyNormal);
- }
- else if (NormalSign * DOT_PROD(Normal, PolyNormal) < 0.0) {
- IP_RST_CONVEX_POLY(Pl);
- return FALSE; /* Different signs --> not convex. */
- }
-
- V = VNext;
- }
- while (V != Pl -> PVertex);
-
- IP_SET_CONVEX_POLY(Pl);
-
- if (NormalSign < 0.0)
- IritPrsrReverseVrtxList(Pl);
-
- return TRUE; /* All signs are the same --> the polygon is convex. */
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: M
- * Routine to split non convex polygon into a list of convex ones. M
- * 1. Remove a polygon from GlblList. If non exists stop. M
- * 2. Search for non convex corner. If not found stop - polygon is convex. M
- * Otherwise let the non convex polygon found be V(i). M
- * 3. Fire a ray from V(i) in the opposite direction to V(i-1). Find the M
- * closest intersection of the ray with polygon boundary P. M
- * 4. Split the polygon into two at V(i)-P edge and push the two new polygons M
- * on the GlblList. M
- * 5. Goto 1. M
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: M
- * Pl: Non convex polygon to split into convex ones. M
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: M
- * IPPolygonStruct *: A list of convex polygons resulting from splitting M
- * up Pl. M
- * *
- * KEYWORDS: M
- * SplitNonConvexPoly, convexity, convex polygon M
- *****************************************************************************/
- IPPolygonStruct *SplitNonConvexPoly(IPPolygonStruct *Pl)
- {
- int IsConvex;
- RealType Size;
- IPPolygonStruct *GlblList, *Pl1, *Pl2,
- *GlblSplitPl = NULL;
- VectorType V1, V2, PolyNormal, Normal;
- IPVertexStruct *V, *VNext;
-
- TestConvexityDir(Pl);
-
- GlblList = IPAllocPolygon(0, 0, CopyVertexList(Pl -> PVertex), NULL);
- PLANE_COPY(GlblList -> Plane, Pl -> Plane);
-
- /* Copy only A, B, C from Ax+By+Cz+D = 0 plane equation: */
- PT_COPY(PolyNormal, Pl -> Plane);
-
- while (GlblList != NULL) {
- Pl = GlblList;
- GlblList = GlblList -> Pnext;
- Pl -> Pnext = NULL;
-
- IsConvex = TRUE;
- V = Pl -> PVertex;
- do {
- VNext = V -> Pnext;
-
- PT_SUB(V1, VNext -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- if ((Size = PT_LENGTH(V1)) > IRIT_EPSILON) {
- Size = 1.0 / Size;
- PT_SCALE(V1, Size);
- }
- PT_SUB(V2, VNext -> Pnext -> Coord, VNext -> Coord);
- if ((Size = PT_LENGTH(V2)) > IRIT_EPSILON) {
- Size = 1.0 / Size;
- PT_SCALE(V2, Size);
- }
- GMVecCrossProd(Normal, V1, V2);
- if (PT_LENGTH(Normal) < CONVEX_EPSILON) {
- V = VNext;
- continue; /* Skip colinear points. */
- }
-
- if (DOT_PROD(Normal, PolyNormal) < 0.0 &&
- SplitPolyIntoTwo(Pl, V, &Pl1, &Pl2)) {
- Pl -> PVertex = NULL; /* Dont free vertices - used in Pl1/2. */
- IPFreePolygon(Pl);
-
- Pl1 -> Pnext = GlblList; /* Push polygons on GlblList. */
- GlblList = Pl1;
- Pl2 -> Pnext = GlblList;
- GlblList = Pl2;
-
- IsConvex = FALSE;
- break;
- }
-
- V = VNext;
- }
- while (V != Pl -> PVertex);
-
- if (IsConvex) {
- IP_SET_CONVEX_POLY(Pl);
- Pl -> Pnext = GlblSplitPl;
- GlblSplitPl = Pl;
- }
- }
-
- return GlblSplitPl;
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: *
- * Split polygon Pl at the vertex specified by V -> Pnext, given V, into *
- * two, by firing a ray from V -> Pnext in the opposite direction to V and *
- * finding closest intersection with the polygon Pl. (V -> Pnext, P) is the *
- * edge to split the polygon at. *
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: *
- * Pl: Polygon to split at vertex V -> Pnext. *
- * V: One vertex before the vertex to split Pl at. *
- * Pl1, Pl2: Where the two new polygons should end up. *
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: *
- * int: TRUE if succesful, FALSE otehrwise. *
- *****************************************************************************/
- static int SplitPolyIntoTwo(IPPolygonStruct *Pl,
- IPVertexStruct *V,
- IPPolygonStruct **Pl1,
- IPPolygonStruct **Pl2)
- {
- PointType Vl, PInter;
- IPVertexStruct *VInter, *VNew1, *VNew2;
-
- PT_SUB(Vl, V -> Pnext -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- VInter = FindRayPolyInter(Pl, V -> Pnext, Vl, PInter);
- V = V -> Pnext;
-
- if (VInter == NULL ||
- VInter == V ||
- VInter -> Pnext == V)
- return FALSE;
-
- /* Make the two polygon vertices lists. */
- VNew1 = IPAllocVertex(V -> Count, V -> Tags, NULL, V -> Pnext);
- PT_COPY(VNew1 -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- PT_COPY(VNew1 -> Normal, V -> Normal);
- IP_SET_INTERNAL_VRTX(V);
- if (PT_APX_EQ(VInter -> Coord, PInter)) {
- /* Intersection points is close to VInter point. */
- VNew2 = IPAllocVertex(VInter -> Count, VInter -> Tags, NULL,
- VInter -> Pnext);
- PT_COPY(VNew2 -> Coord, VInter -> Coord);
- PT_COPY(VNew2 -> Normal, VInter -> Normal);
- VInter -> Pnext = VNew1;
- IP_SET_INTERNAL_VRTX(VInter);
- V -> Pnext = VNew2;
- }
- else if (PT_APX_EQ(VInter -> Pnext -> Coord, PInter)) {
- /* Intersection points is close to VInter -> Pnext point. */
- VNew2 = IPAllocVertex(VInter -> Pnext -> Count,
- VInter -> Pnext -> Tags,
- NULL, VInter -> Pnext -> Pnext);
- PT_COPY(VNew2 -> Coord, VInter -> Pnext -> Coord);
- PT_COPY(VNew2 -> Normal, VInter -> Pnext -> Normal);
- VInter -> Pnext -> Pnext = VNew1;
- IP_SET_INTERNAL_VRTX(VInter -> Pnext);
- V -> Pnext = VNew2;
- }
- else {
- /* PInter is in the middle of (VInter, VInter -> Pnext) edge: */
- VNew2 = IPAllocVertex(VInter -> Count, VInter -> Tags, NULL,
- VInter -> Pnext);
- PT_COPY(VNew2 -> Coord, PInter);
- VInter -> Pnext = IPAllocVertex(0, 0, NULL, VNew1);
- PT_COPY(VInter -> Pnext -> Coord, PInter);
- InterpNrmlBetweenTwo(VNew2, VInter, VNew2 -> Pnext);
- PT_COPY(VInter -> Pnext -> Normal, VNew2 -> Normal);
- IP_SET_INTERNAL_VRTX(VInter -> Pnext);
- V -> Pnext = VNew2;
- }
-
- *Pl1 = IPAllocPolygon(0, 0, VNew1, NULL);
- PLANE_COPY((*Pl1) -> Plane, Pl -> Plane);
- *Pl2 = IPAllocPolygon(0, 0, VNew2, NULL);
- PLANE_COPY((*Pl2) -> Plane, Pl -> Plane);
-
- return TRUE;
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: *
- * Finds where a ray first intersect a given polygon. The ray starts at one *
- * of the polygon's vertices and so distance less than EPSILON is ignored. *
- * Returns the vertex V in which (V, V -> Pnext) has the closest *
- * intersection with the ray PRay, DRay at Inter. *
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: *
- * Pl: Polygon to test for intersection with ray. *
- * VRay: Origin of ray. *
- * RayDir: Direction of ray. *
- * PInter: location of intersection is to be placed herein. *
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: *
- * IPVertexStruct *: Vertex V such that edge (V, V -> Pnext) has the *
- * needed intersection. *
- *****************************************************************************/
- static IPVertexStruct *FindRayPolyInter(IPPolygonStruct *Pl,
- IPVertexStruct *VRay,
- PointType RayDir,
- PointType PInter)
- {
- RealType t1, t2,
- MinT = INFINITY;
- PointType Vl, Ptemp1, Ptemp2, PRay;
- IPVertexStruct *VNext,
- *V = Pl -> PVertex,
- *VInter = NULL;
-
- PT_COPY(PRay, VRay -> Coord);
-
- do {
- VNext = V -> Pnext;
- if (V != VRay && VNext != VRay) {
- PT_SUB(Vl, VNext -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- if (CGDistPointLine(PRay, V -> Coord, Vl) > IRIT_EPSILON) {
- /* Only if the point the ray is shoot from is not on line: */
- CG2PointsFromLineLine(PRay, RayDir, V -> Coord, Vl,
- Ptemp1, &t1, Ptemp2, &t2);
- if (CGDistPointPoint(Ptemp1, Ptemp2) < IRIT_EPSILON * 10.0 &&
- t1 > IRIT_EPSILON && t1 < MinT &&
- (t2 <= 1.0 || APX_EQ(t2, 1.0)) &&
- (t2 >= 0.0 || APX_EQ(t2, 0.0))) {
- PT_COPY(PInter, Ptemp2);
- VInter = V;
- MinT = t1;
- }
- }
- }
- V = VNext;
- }
- while (V != Pl -> PVertex && V -> Pnext != NULL);
-
- return VInter;
- }
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: *
- * Test convexity direction - a cross product of two edges of a convex *
- * corner of the polygon should point in the normal direction. if this is not *
- * the case - the polygon vertices are reveresed. *
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: *
- * Pl: To test of convexity direction. *
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: *
- * void *
- *****************************************************************************/
- static void TestConvexityDir(IPPolygonStruct *Pl)
- {
- int Coord = 0;
- VectorType V1, V2, Normal;
- IPVertexStruct *V, *VExtrem;
-
- /* Find the minimum component direction of the normal and used that axes */
- /* to find an extremum point on the polygon - that extrmum point must be */
- /* a convex corner so we can find the normal direction of convex corner. */
- if (ABS(Pl -> Plane[1]) < ABS(Pl -> Plane[Coord]))
- Coord = 1;
- if (ABS(Pl -> Plane[2]) < ABS(Pl -> Plane[Coord]))
- Coord = 2;
- V = VExtrem = Pl -> PVertex;
- do {
- if (V -> Coord[Coord] > VExtrem -> Coord[Coord])
- VExtrem = V;
- V = V -> Pnext;
- }
- while (V != Pl -> PVertex && V != NULL);
-
- /* Make sure next vertex is not at the extremum value: */
- while (APX_EQ(VExtrem -> Coord[Coord], VExtrem -> Pnext -> Coord[Coord]))
- VExtrem = VExtrem -> Pnext;
-
- /* O.K. V form a convex corner - evaluate its two edges cross product: */
- for (V = Pl -> PVertex; V -> Pnext != VExtrem; V = V -> Pnext); /* Prev. */
- PT_SUB(V1, VExtrem -> Coord, V -> Coord);
- PT_SUB(V2, VExtrem -> Pnext -> Coord, VExtrem -> Coord);
- GMVecCrossProd(Normal, V1, V2);
-
- if (DOT_PROD(Normal, Pl -> Plane) < 0.0)
- IritPrsrReverseVrtxList(Pl);
- }
-
- #ifdef DEBUG2
-
- /*****************************************************************************
- * DESCRIPTION: *
- * Print the content of the given vertex list, to standard output. *
- * *
- * PARAMETERS: *
- * P: Polygon to print its vertex list. *
- * *
- * RETURN VALUE: *
- * void *
- *****************************************************************************/
- static void PrintPoly(IPPolygonStruct *P)
- {
- IPVertexStruct
- *VFirst = P -> PVertex,
- *V = VFirst;
-
- if (V == NULL)
- return;
-
- printf("VERTEX LIST:\n");
- do {
- printf("%12lg %12lg %12lg, Tags = %02x\n",
- V -> Coord[0], V -> Coord[1], V -> Coord[2], V -> Tags);
- V = V -> Pnext;
- }
- while (V != NULL && V != VFirst);
-
- if (V == NULL)
- printf("Loop is not closed (NULL terminated)\n");
- }
-
- #endif /* DEBUG2 */
-