SUBIC BAY FREEPORT û Nuclear tests and accidents will be detected from the Philippines through three monitoring stations to be established as part of the global network that will monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty [CTBT].
The CTBT prohibits all nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosion anywhere in the world. Under the CTBT, a preparatory commission based in Vienna is establishing the International Monitoring System [IMS], a global network consisting of 321 monitoring stations and 16 radionuclide laboratories spanning some 90 countries.
The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute [PNRI] said the Philippines is hosting one of 80 radionuclide stations and two auxiliary seismic stations out of 170 seismic monitoring stations in the IMS.
The PNRI has informed the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority [SBMA] of its plan to establish the radionuclide station in this former US naval base. One auxiliary seismic station will be put up at the Manila Observatory in Davao while the other will be placed at the disposition of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology [PHIVOLCS].
The PNRI is sending a team to Subic Bay Freeport this week to gather additional data prior to a survey that would identify the exact site of the radionuclide station.
A memorandum of agreement has to be drawn up between the two agencies. The SBMA Ecology Center said the PNRI has requested that the SBMA provide the site, power and security for the radionuclide station.
The IMS is the first and most important component of the elaborate global verification regime provided in the treaty. The verification process includes clarification and consultation, on-site inspections and confidence-building measures.
The IMS monitoring stations will be capable of registering vibrations from a possible nuclear explosion underground, in the seas and in the air, as well as detecting radioactive debris released into the atmosphere.
These stations will transmit, via satellite, the data to the International Data Centre (IDC) in Vienna, where the data will be used to detect, locate and characterize events. These data and IDC products are made available to the States Signatories for final analysis.
To date, some 100 stations are continuously transmitting data to the IDC, which began operating on February last year.
The primary task of the Vienna-based Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization [CTBTO] is to ensure that the global verification regime provided in the treaty is operational by the time the CTBT comes into force.
Since its adoption on Sept. 10, 1996, the CTBT has been signed by 161 states. As of this writing, the Holy See became the 78th state to ratify the treaty. The Philippine Senate ratified it last February.
The CTBT will enter into force 180 days after it has been signed and ratified by the 44 states listed in Annex 2 of the treaty. These are countries with nuclear power and research reactors that formally participated in drafting the CTBT in the 1996 session of the Conference on Disarmament.
Among the Annex 2 states, 41 have signed, of which 31 have ratified the treaty. The first signatories include the so-called "five nuclear states": China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. China and the US, however, have not ratified the CTBT.
The three states that have not signed the treaty are India, Pakistan and North Korea û all Asian countries known to be engaged in the development of nuclear weapons. India and Pakistan confirmed in 1998 that they conducted nuclear tests.
This makes the monitoring stations in the Philippines crucial, especially the radionuclide station in Subic, which hosted a major US military facility in the Asia-Pacific.
A PNRI official said SubicÆs location is strategic, not just for trade and commerce or regional defense and security, but also for the purpose of monitoring explosions from nuclear tests or accidents in the Asia-Pacific region.
Radionuclide stations use air samplers to detect radioactive particles released from atmospheric explosions and vented from underground or under water explosions. The verification technology can distinguish from explosions caused by nuclear reactors or nuclear tests, depending on the volume of different radioactive particles, the presence of specific particles and noble gases.
"Subic is very near the South China Sea, [and] the surrounding areas û like Japan, China and Taiwan û all have nuclear facilities," the PNRI official said.
The PNRI also considered as important the setting up of the radionuclide station in "a place undisturbed by industries" since the air sampler can catch a lot of industrial debris if located in an area with a heavy concentration of industries.
The seismic stations detect and locate seismic events and, through the verification system, distinguish between those caused by nuclear explosions and by the many earthquakes that occur worldwide. [30]
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<P align=center>STATIONS TO DETECT NUKE TESTS</P></B></FONT><FONT face=Tahoma>
<P align=justify></P><B><FONT size=3>
<P align=justify>SUBIC BAY FREEPORT </B>û Nuclear tests and accidents will be detected from the Philippines through three monitoring stations to be established as part of the global network that will monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty [CTBT].</FONT></P><FONT size=3>
<P align=justify>The CTBT prohibits all nuclear weapon </FONT><FONT face=Verdana></FONT><FONT size=3>test explosions and any other nuclear explosion anywhere in the world. Under the CTBT, a preparatory commission based in Vienna is establishing the International Monitoring System [IMS], a global network consisting of 321 monitoring stations and 16 radionuclide laboratories spanning some 90 countries. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute [PNRI] said the Philippines is hosting one of 80 radionuclide stations and two auxiliary seismic stations out of 170 seismic monitoring stations in the IMS.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The PNRI has informed the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority [SBMA] of its plan to establish the radionuclide station in this former US naval base. One auxiliary seismic station will be put up at the Manila Observatory in Davao while the other will be placed at the disposition of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology [PHIVOLCS].</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The PNRI is sending a team to Subic Bay Freeport this week to gather additional data prior to a survey that would identify the exact site of the radionuclide station.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>A memorandum of agreement has to be drawn up between the two agencies. The SBMA Ecology Center said the PNRI has requested that the SBMA provide the site, power and security for the radionuclide station.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The IMS is the first and most important component of the elaborate global verification regime provided in the treaty. The verification process includes clarification and consultation, on-site inspections and confidence-building measures.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The IMS monitoring stations will be capable of registering vibrations from a possible nuclear explosion underground, in the seas and in the air, as well as detecting radioactive debris released into the atmosphere.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>These stations will transmit, via satellite, the data to the International Data Centre (IDC) in Vienna, where the data will be used to detect, locate and characterize events. These data and IDC products are made available to the States Signatories for final analysis.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>To date, some 100 stations are continuously transmitting data to the IDC, which began operating on February last year.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The primary task of the Vienna-based Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization [CTBTO] is to ensure that the global verification regime provided in the treaty is operational by the time the CTBT comes into force.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>Since its adoption on Sept. 10, 1996, the CTBT has been signed by 161 states. As of this writing, the Holy See became the 78<SUP>th</SUP> state to ratify the treaty. The Philippine Senate ratified it last February.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The CTBT will enter into force 180 days after it has been signed and ratified by the 44 states listed in Annex 2 of the treaty. These are countries with nuclear power and research reactors that formally participated in drafting the CTBT in the 1996 session of the Conference on Disarmament.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>Among the Annex 2 states, 41 have signed, of which 31 have ratified the treaty. The first signatories include the so-called "five nuclear states": China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. China and the US, however, have not ratified the CTBT. </FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The three states that have not signed the treaty are India, Pakistan and North Korea û all Asian countries known to be engaged in the development of nuclear weapons. India and Pakistan confirmed in 1998 that they conducted nuclear tests.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>This makes the monitoring stations in the Philippines crucial, especially the radionuclide station in Subic, which hosted a major US military facility in the Asia-Pacific.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>A PNRI official said SubicÆs location is strategic, not just for trade and commerce or regional defense and security, but also for the purpose of monitoring explosions from nuclear tests or accidents in the Asia-Pacific region.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>Radionuclide stations use air samplers to detect radioactive particles released from atmospheric explosions and vented from underground or under water explosions. The verification technology can distinguish from explosions caused by nuclear reactors or nuclear tests, depending on the volume of different radioactive particles, the presence of specific particles and noble gases.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>"Subic is very near the South China Sea, [and] the surrounding areas û like Japan, China and Taiwan û all have nuclear facilities," the PNRI official said.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The PNRI also considered as important the setting up of the radionuclide station in "a place undisturbed by industries" since the air sampler can catch a lot of industrial debris if located in an area with a heavy concentration of industries.</FONT></P>
<P align=justify><FONT size=3>The seismic stations detect and locate seismic events and, through the verification system, distinguish between those caused by nuclear explosions and by the many earthquakes that occur worldwide.<B></FONT><FONT size=3> [30]</FONT></P>
<P align=justify></P></B></FONT>
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