ftp.xmission.com/2014.06.ftp.xmission.com.tar/ftp.xmission.com/pub/lists/abolition-usa/archive/abolition-usa.200001

Internet Message Format | 2000-01-30 | 471KB

From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) First E-mail of 2000 To This Mailing List!
Date: 01 Jan 2000 00:34:00 -0800 (PST)

Dear Abolitionists:

Happy New Year, Decade, Century, and Millennium!  How are you spending New
Year's Day, New Decade's Day, New Century's Day, and New Millennium's Day?

Warmly,

Timothy Bruening.


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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) World Trade Organization Article
Date: 01 Jan 2000 17:02:48 -0800 (PST)

Dear Abolitionists:

Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer for
the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to write
an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about the WTO?

I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's Florist at
611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also interview
local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should I
ask them?

Sincerely,

Timothy Bruening
1439 Brown Drive
Davis, CA 95616


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Abolition2000 Pacific Region" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Re: [Indigenous Peoples WTO Declaration] World Trade Organization Article
Date: 01 Jan 2000 19:43:14 PST


Dear Timothy and other Abolitionists,

Happy New Year. I am including below the Indigenous Peoples' Seattle [WTO]
Declaration. It presents the issues and expresses some of the concerns we
have vis-a-vis WTO and Globalization. I hope that in your writing, you will
also acknowledge the impacts of economic globalization on Indigenous
communities and peoples and also the work of Indigenous peoples within the
context of WTO talks.

Please contact Debra Harry at Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
<[e-mail]> or Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at Tebtebba Foundation
<[e-mail]> for further information, if you need any. Good luck
to you and to all of us in this new year!

Richard Salvador
Honolulu, Hawai`i

---




<[e-mail]>:



INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
on the occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
Organization
November 30-December 3, 1999

We, the Indigenous Peoples from various regions of the world, have come to
Seattle to express our great concern over how the World Trade Organization
is destroying Mother Earth and the cultural and biological diversity of
which we are a part.

Trade liberalization and export-oriented development, which are the
overriding principles and policies pushed by the WTO, are creating the most
adverse impacts on the lives of Indigenous Peoples.  Our inherent right to
self-determination, our sovereignty as nations, and treaties and other
constructive agreements which Indigenous nations and Peoples have negotiated
with other nation-states, are undermined by most of the WTO Agreements.  The
disproportionate impact of these Agreements on our communities, whether
through environmental degradation or the  militarization and violence that
often accompanies development projects, is serious and therefore should be
addressed immediately.

The WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), which promotes export competition
and import liberalization, has allowed the entry of cheap agricultural
products into our communities.  It is causing the destruction of
ecologically rational and sustainable agricultural practices of Indigenous
Peoples.

Food security and the production of traditional food crops have been
seriously compromised.  Incidents of diabetes, cancers, and hypertension
have significantly increased among Indigenous Peoples because of the
scarcity of traditional foods and the dumping of junk food into our
communities.

Small-scale farm production is giving way to commercial cash-crop
plantations further concentrating ancestral lands into the hands of few
agri-corporations and landlords.  This has led to the dislocation of scores
of people from our communities who then migrate to nearby cities and become
the urban homeless and jobless.

The WTO Forests Products Agreement promotes free trade in forest products.
By eliminating developed country tariffs on wood products by the year 2000,
and developing country tariffs by 2003, the Agreement will result in the
deforestation of many of the world's ecosystems in which Indigenous Peoples
live.

Mining laws in many countries are being changed to allow free entry of
foreign mining corporations, to enable them to buy and own mineral lands,
and to freely displace Indigenous Peoples from their ancestral territories.
These large-scale commercial mining and oil extraction activities continue
to degrade our lands and fragile ecosystems, and pollute the soil, water,
and air in our communities.

The appropriation of our lands and resources and the aggressive promotion of
consumerist and individualistic Western culture continue to destroy
traditional lifestyles and cultures.  The result is not only environmental
degradation but also ill health, alienation, and high levels of stress
manifested in high rates of alcoholism and suicides.

The theft and patenting of our biogenetic resources is facilitated by the
TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) of the WTO.
Some plants which Indigenous Peoples have discovered, cultivated, and used
for food, medicine, and for sacred rituals are already patented in the
United States, Japan, and Europe.  A few examples of these are ayahuasca,
quinoa, and sangre de drago in forests of South America; kava in the
Pacific; turmeric and bitter melon in Asia.  Our access and control over our
biological diversity and control over our traditional knowledge and
intellectual heritage are threatened by the TRIPs Agreement.

Article 27.3b of the TRIPs Agreement allows the patenting of life-forms and
makes an artificial distinction between plants, animals, and
micro-organisms.  The distinction between "essentially biological" and
"non-biological" and "microbiological" processes is also erroneous.  As far
as we are concerned all these are life-forms and life-creating processes
which are sacred and which should not become the subject of private property
ownership.

Finally, the liberalization of investments and the service sectors, which is
pushed by the General Agreement of Services (GATS), reinforces the
domination and monopoly control of foreign corporations over strategic parts
of the economy.  The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund impose
conditionalities of liberalization, deregulation and privatization on
countries caught in the debt trap.  These conditionalities are reinforced
further by the WTO.

In light of the adverse impacts and consequences of the WTO Agreements
identified above, we, Indigenous Peoples present the following demands:

We urgently call for a social and environmental justice analysis which will
look into the Agreements' cumulative effects on Indigenous Peoples.
Indigenous Peoples should be equal participants in establishing the criteria
and indicators for these analyses so that they take into consideration
spiritual as well as cultural aspects.

A review of the Agreements should be done to address all of the inequities
and imbalances which adversely affect Indigenous Peoples.

The proposals to address some of these are as follows;

*  For the Agreement on Agriculture

~It should not include in its coverage small-scale farmers who are mainly
engaged in production for domestic use and sale in the local markets.

~It should ensure the recognition and protection of rights of Indigenous
Peoples to their territories and their resources, as well  as their rights
to continue practicing their indigenous sustainable agriculture and resource
management practices and traditional livelihoods.

~It should ensure the food security and the capacity of Indigenous Peoples
to produce, consume and trade their traditional foods.


*  With regard to the liberalization of services and investments we
recommend the following:

~It must stop unsustainable mining, commercial planting of monocrops, dam
construction, oil exploration, land conversion to golf clubs, logging, and
other activities which destroy  Indigenous Peoples' lands and violate the
rights of indigenous peoples' to their territories and resources.

~The right of Indigenous Peoples to their traditional lifestyles, cultural
norms and values should likewise be recognized and protected.

~The liberalization of services, especially in the areas of health, should
not be allowed if it will prevent Indigenous Peoples from having access to
free, culturally appropriate as well as quality health services.

~The liberalization of finance services which makes the world a global
casino should be regulated.


*  On the TRIPs Agreement, the proposals are as follows:

~Article 27.3b should be amended to categorically disallow the patenting of
life-forms.  It should clearly prohibit the patenting of micro-organisms,
plants, animals, including all their parts, whether they are genes, gene
sequences, cells, cell lines,  proteins, or seeds.

~It should also prohibit the patenting of natural processes, whether these
are biological or microbiological, involving the use of plants, animals and
micro-organisms and their parts in producing variations of plants, animals
and micro-organisms.

~It should ensure the exploration and development of alternative forms of
protection outside of the dominant western intellectual property rights
regime.  Such alternatives must protect the knowledge and innovations and
practices in agriculture, health care, and conservation of biodiversity, and
should build upon indigenous methods and customary laws protecting
knowledge, heritage and biological resources.

~It should ensure that the protection offered to indigenous and traditional
knowledge, innovation and practices is consistent with the Convention on
Biological Diversity (i.e., Articles 8j, 10c, 17.2, and 18.4) and the
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.

~It should allow for the right of Indigenous Peoples and farmers to continue
their traditional practices of saving, sharing and exchanging seeds, and
cultivating, harvesting and using medicinal plants.

~It should prohibit scientific researchers and corporations from
appropriating and patenting indigenous seeds, medicinal plants, and related
knowledge about these life-forms.  The principles of prior informed consent
and right of veto by Indigenous Peoples should be respected.


If the earlier proposals cannot be ensured, we call for the removal of the
Agreement on Agriculture, the Forest Products Agreements and the TRIPs
Agreement from the WTO.

We call on the member-states of the WTO not to allow for another round
whilst the review and rectification of the implementation of existing
agreements has not been done. We reject the proposals for an investment
treaty, competition, accelerated industrial tariffs, government procurement,
and the creation of a working group on biotechnology.

We urge the WTO to reform itself to become democratic, transparent and
accountable. If it fails to do this we call for the abolition of the WTO.

We urge the member nation-states of the WTO to endorse the adoption by the
UN General Assembly of the current text of the UN Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples and the ratification of ILO Convention l69.

We call on the peoples' organizations and NGOs  to support this "Indigenous
Peoples' Seattle Declaration" and to promote it among their members.

We believe that the whole philosophy underpinning the WTO Agreements and the
principles and policies it promotes contradict our core values, spirituality
and worldviews, as well as our concepts and practices of development, trade
and environmental protection. Therefore, we challenge the WTO to redefine
its principles and practices toward a "sustainable communities" paradigm,
and to recognize and allow for the continuation of other worldviews and
models of development.

Indigenous peoples, undoubtedly, are the ones most adversely affected by
globalization and by the WTO Agreements. However, we believe that it is also
us who can offer viable alternatives to the dominant economic growth,
export-oriented development model. Our sustainable lifestyles and cultures,
traditional knowledge, cosmologies, spirituality, values of collectivity,
reciprocity, respect and reverence for Mother Earth, are crucial in the
search for a transformed society where justice, equity, and sustainability
will prevail.


Statement by the Indigenous Peoples' Caucus convened and sponsored by the
Indigenous Environmental Network USA/CANADA, Seventh Generation Fund USA,
International Indian Treaty Council, Indigenous Peoples Council on
Biocolonialism, the Abya Yala Fund, and TEBTEBBA (Indigenous Peoples'
International Centre for Policy Research and Education), 1 December 1999,
Seattle, Washington, USA.

Other indigenous peoples' organizations, NGOs and individuals who wish to
sign on to this statement, send email to  [e-mail] or
[e-mail].

________________________________________
Debra Harry, Director
Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
Tel:  [phone]  Fax:  [phone]
Cell: [phone]
Email text message to cell: mailto:[e-mail]
Email: [e-mail]  Website:  www.ipcb.org
_______________________________________



---






Dear Abolitionists:

Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer for
the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to write
an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about the
WTO?

I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's Florist at
611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also interview
local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should I
ask them?

Sincerely,

Timothy Bruening
1439 Brown Drive
Davis, CA 95616


-









































______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Abolition2000 Pacific Region" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Re: [Indigenous Peoples WTO Declaration] World Trade Organization Article
Date: 01 Jan 2000 19:43:56 PST


Dear Timothy and other Abolitionists,

Happy New Year. I am including below the Indigenous Peoples' Seattle [WTO]
Declaration. It presents the issues and expresses some of the concerns we
have vis-a-vis WTO and Globalization. I hope that in your writing, you will
also acknowledge the impacts of economic globalization on Indigenous
communities and peoples and also the work of Indigenous peoples within the
context of WTO talks.

Please contact Debra Harry at Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
<[e-mail]> or Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at Tebtebba Foundation
<[e-mail]> for further information, if you need any. Good luck
to you and to all of us in this new year!

Richard Salvador
Honolulu, Hawai`i

---




<[e-mail]>:



INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
on the occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
Organization
November 30-December 3, 1999

We, the Indigenous Peoples from various regions of the world, have come to
Seattle to express our great concern over how the World Trade Organization
is destroying Mother Earth and the cultural and biological diversity of
which we are a part.

Trade liberalization and export-oriented development, which are the
overriding principles and policies pushed by the WTO, are creating the most
adverse impacts on the lives of Indigenous Peoples.  Our inherent right to
self-determination, our sovereignty as nations, and treaties and other
constructive agreements which Indigenous nations and Peoples have negotiated
with other nation-states, are undermined by most of the WTO Agreements.  The
disproportionate impact of these Agreements on our communities, whether
through environmental degradation or the  militarization and violence that
often accompanies development projects, is serious and therefore should be
addressed immediately.

The WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), which promotes export competition
and import liberalization, has allowed the entry of cheap agricultural
products into our communities.  It is causing the destruction of
ecologically rational and sustainable agricultural practices of Indigenous
Peoples.

Food security and the production of traditional food crops have been
seriously compromised.  Incidents of diabetes, cancers, and hypertension
have significantly increased among Indigenous Peoples because of the
scarcity of traditional foods and the dumping of junk food into our
communities.

Small-scale farm production is giving way to commercial cash-crop
plantations further concentrating ancestral lands into the hands of few
agri-corporations and landlords.  This has led to the dislocation of scores
of people from our communities who then migrate to nearby cities and become
the urban homeless and jobless.

The WTO Forests Products Agreement promotes free trade in forest products.
By eliminating developed country tariffs on wood products by the year 2000,
and developing country tariffs by 2003, the Agreement will result in the
deforestation of many of the world's ecosystems in which Indigenous Peoples
live.

Mining laws in many countries are being changed to allow free entry of
foreign mining corporations, to enable them to buy and own mineral lands,
and to freely displace Indigenous Peoples from their ancestral territories.
These large-scale commercial mining and oil extraction activities continue
to degrade our lands and fragile ecosystems, and pollute the soil, water,
and air in our communities.

The appropriation of our lands and resources and the aggressive promotion of
consumerist and individualistic Western culture continue to destroy
traditional lifestyles and cultures.  The result is not only environmental
degradation but also ill health, alienation, and high levels of stress
manifested in high rates of alcoholism and suicides.

The theft and patenting of our biogenetic resources is facilitated by the
TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) of the WTO.
Some plants which Indigenous Peoples have discovered, cultivated, and used
for food, medicine, and for sacred rituals are already patented in the
United States, Japan, and Europe.  A few examples of these are ayahuasca,
quinoa, and sangre de drago in forests of South America; kava in the
Pacific; turmeric and bitter melon in Asia.  Our access and control over our
biological diversity and control over our traditional knowledge and
intellectual heritage are threatened by the TRIPs Agreement.

Article 27.3b of the TRIPs Agreement allows the patenting of life-forms and
makes an artificial distinction between plants, animals, and
micro-organisms.  The distinction between "essentially biological" and
"non-biological" and "microbiological" processes is also erroneous.  As far
as we are concerned all these are life-forms and life-creating processes
which are sacred and which should not become the subject of private property
ownership.

Finally, the liberalization of investments and the service sectors, which is
pushed by the General Agreement of Services (GATS), reinforces the
domination and monopoly control of foreign corporations over strategic parts
of the economy.  The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund impose
conditionalities of liberalization, deregulation and privatization on
countries caught in the debt trap.  These conditionalities are reinforced
further by the WTO.

In light of the adverse impacts and consequences of the WTO Agreements
identified above, we, Indigenous Peoples present the following demands:

We urgently call for a social and environmental justice analysis which will
look into the Agreements' cumulative effects on Indigenous Peoples.
Indigenous Peoples should be equal participants in establishing the criteria
and indicators for these analyses so that they take into consideration
spiritual as well as cultural aspects.

A review of the Agreements should be done to address all of the inequities
and imbalances which adversely affect Indigenous Peoples.

The proposals to address some of these are as follows;

*  For the Agreement on Agriculture

~It should not include in its coverage small-scale farmers who are mainly
engaged in production for domestic use and sale in the local markets.

~It should ensure the recognition and protection of rights of Indigenous
Peoples to their territories and their resources, as well  as their rights
to continue practicing their indigenous sustainable agriculture and resource
management practices and traditional livelihoods.

~It should ensure the food security and the capacity of Indigenous Peoples
to produce, consume and trade their traditional foods.


*  With regard to the liberalization of services and investments we
recommend the following:

~It must stop unsustainable mining, commercial planting of monocrops, dam
construction, oil exploration, land conversion to golf clubs, logging, and
other activities which destroy  Indigenous Peoples' lands and violate the
rights of indigenous peoples' to their territories and resources.

~The right of Indigenous Peoples to their traditional lifestyles, cultural
norms and values should likewise be recognized and protected.

~The liberalization of services, especially in the areas of health, should
not be allowed if it will prevent Indigenous Peoples from having access to
free, culturally appropriate as well as quality health services.

~The liberalization of finance services which makes the world a global
casino should be regulated.


*  On the TRIPs Agreement, the proposals are as follows:

~Article 27.3b should be amended to categorically disallow the patenting of
life-forms.  It should clearly prohibit the patenting of micro-organisms,
plants, animals, including all their parts, whether they are genes, gene
sequences, cells, cell lines,  proteins, or seeds.

~It should also prohibit the patenting of natural processes, whether these
are biological or microbiological, involving the use of plants, animals and
micro-organisms and their parts in producing variations of plants, animals
and micro-organisms.

~It should ensure the exploration and development of alternative forms of
protection outside of the dominant western intellectual property rights
regime.  Such alternatives must protect the knowledge and innovations and
practices in agriculture, health care, and conservation of biodiversity, and
should build upon indigenous methods and customary laws protecting
knowledge, heritage and biological resources.

~It should ensure that the protection offered to indigenous and traditional
knowledge, innovation and practices is consistent with the Convention on
Biological Diversity (i.e., Articles 8j, 10c, 17.2, and 18.4) and the
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.

~It should allow for the right of Indigenous Peoples and farmers to continue
their traditional practices of saving, sharing and exchanging seeds, and
cultivating, harvesting and using medicinal plants.

~It should prohibit scientific researchers and corporations from
appropriating and patenting indigenous seeds, medicinal plants, and related
knowledge about these life-forms.  The principles of prior informed consent
and right of veto by Indigenous Peoples should be respected.


If the earlier proposals cannot be ensured, we call for the removal of the
Agreement on Agriculture, the Forest Products Agreements and the TRIPs
Agreement from the WTO.

We call on the member-states of the WTO not to allow for another round
whilst the review and rectification of the implementation of existing
agreements has not been done. We reject the proposals for an investment
treaty, competition, accelerated industrial tariffs, government procurement,
and the creation of a working group on biotechnology.

We urge the WTO to reform itself to become democratic, transparent and
accountable. If it fails to do this we call for the abolition of the WTO.

We urge the member nation-states of the WTO to endorse the adoption by the
UN General Assembly of the current text of the UN Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples and the ratification of ILO Convention l69.

We call on the peoples' organizations and NGOs  to support this "Indigenous
Peoples' Seattle Declaration" and to promote it among their members.

We believe that the whole philosophy underpinning the WTO Agreements and the
principles and policies it promotes contradict our core values, spirituality
and worldviews, as well as our concepts and practices of development, trade
and environmental protection. Therefore, we challenge the WTO to redefine
its principles and practices toward a "sustainable communities" paradigm,
and to recognize and allow for the continuation of other worldviews and
models of development.

Indigenous peoples, undoubtedly, are the ones most adversely affected by
globalization and by the WTO Agreements. However, we believe that it is also
us who can offer viable alternatives to the dominant economic growth,
export-oriented development model. Our sustainable lifestyles and cultures,
traditional knowledge, cosmologies, spirituality, values of collectivity,
reciprocity, respect and reverence for Mother Earth, are crucial in the
search for a transformed society where justice, equity, and sustainability
will prevail.


Statement by the Indigenous Peoples' Caucus convened and sponsored by the
Indigenous Environmental Network USA/CANADA, Seventh Generation Fund USA,
International Indian Treaty Council, Indigenous Peoples Council on
Biocolonialism, the Abya Yala Fund, and TEBTEBBA (Indigenous Peoples'
International Centre for Policy Research and Education), 1 December 1999,
Seattle, Washington, USA.

Other indigenous peoples' organizations, NGOs and individuals who wish to
sign on to this statement, send email to  [e-mail] or
[e-mail].

________________________________________
Debra Harry, Director
Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
Tel:  [phone]  Fax:  [phone]
Cell: [phone]
Email text message to cell: mailto:[e-mail]
Email: [e-mail]  Website:  www.ipcb.org
_______________________________________



---






Dear Abolitionists:

Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer for
the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to write
an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about the
WTO?

I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's Florist at
611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also interview
local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should I
ask them?

Sincerely,

Timothy Bruening
1439 Brown Drive
Davis, CA 95616


-









































______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Re: [Indigenous Peoples WTO Declaration] World Trade Organization Article
Date: 03 Jan 2000 08:05:03 +1100

This is an excellent statement, thankyou for sending it to me, it is very
helpful, Sincerely Helen Caldicott

----- Original Message -----
Sent: Sunday, January 02, 2000 2:43 PM
Trade Organization Article


>
> Dear Timothy and other Abolitionists,
>
> Happy New Year. I am including below the Indigenous Peoples' Seattle [WTO]
> Declaration. It presents the issues and expresses some of the concerns we
> have vis-a-vis WTO and Globalization. I hope that in your writing, you
will
> also acknowledge the impacts of economic globalization on Indigenous
> communities and peoples and also the work of Indigenous peoples within the
> context of WTO talks.
>
> Please contact Debra Harry at Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
> <[e-mail]> or Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at Tebtebba Foundation
> <[e-mail]> for further information, if you need any. Good luck
> to you and to all of us in this new year!
>
> Richard Salvador
> Honolulu, Hawai`i
>
> ---
>
>
>
> From: Debra Harry <[e-mail]>
> Date: December 28, 1999 12:27 AM
> Subject: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
>
> From: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at "Tebtebba Foundation"
> <[e-mail]>:
>
>
>
> INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
> on the occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
> Organization
> November 30-December 3, 1999
>
> We, the Indigenous Peoples from various regions of the world, have come to
> Seattle to express our great concern over how the World Trade Organization
> is destroying Mother Earth and the cultural and biological diversity of
> which we are a part.
>
> Trade liberalization and export-oriented development, which are the
> overriding principles and policies pushed by the WTO, are creating the
most
> adverse impacts on the lives of Indigenous Peoples.  Our inherent right to
> self-determination, our sovereignty as nations, and treaties and other
> constructive agreements which Indigenous nations and Peoples have
negotiated
> with other nation-states, are undermined by most of the WTO Agreements.
The
> disproportionate impact of these Agreements on our communities, whether
> through environmental degradation or the  militarization and violence that
> often accompanies development projects, is serious and therefore should be
> addressed immediately.
>
> The WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), which promotes export competition
> and import liberalization, has allowed the entry of cheap agricultural
> products into our communities.  It is causing the destruction of
> ecologically rational and sustainable agricultural practices of Indigenous
> Peoples.
>
> Food security and the production of traditional food crops have been
> seriously compromised.  Incidents of diabetes, cancers, and hypertension
> have significantly increased among Indigenous Peoples because of the
> scarcity of traditional foods and the dumping of junk food into our
> communities.
>
> Small-scale farm production is giving way to commercial cash-crop
> plantations further concentrating ancestral lands into the hands of few
> agri-corporations and landlords.  This has led to the dislocation of
scores
> of people from our communities who then migrate to nearby cities and
become
> the urban homeless and jobless.
>
> The WTO Forests Products Agreement promotes free trade in forest products.
> By eliminating developed country tariffs on wood products by the year
2000,
> and developing country tariffs by 2003, the Agreement will result in the
> deforestation of many of the world's ecosystems in which Indigenous
Peoples
> live.
>
> Mining laws in many countries are being changed to allow free entry of
> foreign mining corporations, to enable them to buy and own mineral lands,
> and to freely displace Indigenous Peoples from their ancestral
territories.
> These large-scale commercial mining and oil extraction activities continue
> to degrade our lands and fragile ecosystems, and pollute the soil, water,
> and air in our communities.
>
> The appropriation of our lands and resources and the aggressive promotion
of
> consumerist and individualistic Western culture continue to destroy
> traditional lifestyles and cultures.  The result is not only environmental
> degradation but also ill health, alienation, and high levels of stress
> manifested in high rates of alcoholism and suicides.
>
> The theft and patenting of our biogenetic resources is facilitated by the
> TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) of the WTO.
> Some plants which Indigenous Peoples have discovered, cultivated, and used
> for food, medicine, and for sacred rituals are already patented in the
> United States, Japan, and Europe.  A few examples of these are ayahuasca,
> quinoa, and sangre de drago in forests of South America; kava in the
> Pacific; turmeric and bitter melon in Asia.  Our access and control over
our
> biological diversity and control over our traditional knowledge and
> intellectual heritage are threatened by the TRIPs Agreement.
>
> Article 27.3b of the TRIPs Agreement allows the patenting of life-forms
and
> makes an artificial distinction between plants, animals, and
> micro-organisms.  The distinction between "essentially biological" and
> "non-biological" and "microbiological" processes is also erroneous.  As
far
> as we are concerned all these are life-forms and life-creating processes
> which are sacred and which should not become the subject of private
property
> ownership.
>
> Finally, the liberalization of investments and the service sectors, which
is
> pushed by the General Agreement of Services (GATS), reinforces the
> domination and monopoly control of foreign corporations over strategic
parts
> of the economy.  The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund impose
> conditionalities of liberalization, deregulation and privatization on
> countries caught in the debt trap.  These conditionalities are reinforced
> further by the WTO.
>
> In light of the adverse impacts and consequences of the WTO Agreements
> identified above, we, Indigenous Peoples present the following demands:
>
> We urgently call for a social and environmental justice analysis which
will
> look into the Agreements' cumulative effects on Indigenous Peoples.
> Indigenous Peoples should be equal participants in establishing the
criteria
> and indicators for these analyses so that they take into consideration
> spiritual as well as cultural aspects.
>
> A review of the Agreements should be done to address all of the inequities
> and imbalances which adversely affect Indigenous Peoples.
>
> The proposals to address some of these are as follows;
>
> *  For the Agreement on Agriculture
>
> ~It should not include in its coverage small-scale farmers who are mainly
> engaged in production for domestic use and sale in the local markets.
>
> ~It should ensure the recognition and protection of rights of Indigenous
> Peoples to their territories and their resources, as well  as their rights
> to continue practicing their indigenous sustainable agriculture and
resource
> management practices and traditional livelihoods.
>
> ~It should ensure the food security and the capacity of Indigenous Peoples
> to produce, consume and trade their traditional foods.
>
>
> *  With regard to the liberalization of services and investments we
> recommend the following:
>
> ~It must stop unsustainable mining, commercial planting of monocrops, dam
> construction, oil exploration, land conversion to golf clubs, logging, and
> other activities which destroy  Indigenous Peoples' lands and violate the
> rights of indigenous peoples' to their territories and resources.
>
> ~The right of Indigenous Peoples to their traditional lifestyles, cultural
> norms and values should likewise be recognized and protected.
>
> ~The liberalization of services, especially in the areas of health, should
> not be allowed if it will prevent Indigenous Peoples from having access to
> free, culturally appropriate as well as quality health services.
>
> ~The liberalization of finance services which makes the world a global
> casino should be regulated.
>
>
> *  On the TRIPs Agreement, the proposals are as follows:
>
> ~Article 27.3b should be amended to categorically disallow the patenting
of
> life-forms.  It should clearly prohibit the patenting of micro-organisms,
> plants, animals, including all their parts, whether they are genes, gene
> sequences, cells, cell lines,  proteins, or seeds.
>
> ~It should also prohibit the patenting of natural processes, whether these
> are biological or microbiological, involving the use of plants, animals
and
> micro-organisms and their parts in producing variations of plants, animals
> and micro-organisms.
>
> ~It should ensure the exploration and development of alternative forms of
> protection outside of the dominant western intellectual property rights
> regime.  Such alternatives must protect the knowledge and innovations and
> practices in agriculture, health care, and conservation of biodiversity,
and
> should build upon indigenous methods and customary laws protecting
> knowledge, heritage and biological resources.
>
> ~It should ensure that the protection offered to indigenous and
traditional
> knowledge, innovation and practices is consistent with the Convention on
> Biological Diversity (i.e., Articles 8j, 10c, 17.2, and 18.4) and the
> International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.
>
> ~It should allow for the right of Indigenous Peoples and farmers to
continue
> their traditional practices of saving, sharing and exchanging seeds, and
> cultivating, harvesting and using medicinal plants.
>
> ~It should prohibit scientific researchers and corporations from
> appropriating and patenting indigenous seeds, medicinal plants, and
related
> knowledge about these life-forms.  The principles of prior informed
consent
> and right of veto by Indigenous Peoples should be respected.
>
>
> If the earlier proposals cannot be ensured, we call for the removal of the
> Agreement on Agriculture, the Forest Products Agreements and the TRIPs
> Agreement from the WTO.
>
> We call on the member-states of the WTO not to allow for another round
> whilst the review and rectification of the implementation of existing
> agreements has not been done. We reject the proposals for an investment
> treaty, competition, accelerated industrial tariffs, government
procurement,
> and the creation of a working group on biotechnology.
>
> We urge the WTO to reform itself to become democratic, transparent and
> accountable. If it fails to do this we call for the abolition of the WTO.
>
> We urge the member nation-states of the WTO to endorse the adoption by the
> UN General Assembly of the current text of the UN Declaration on the
Rights
> of Indigenous Peoples and the ratification of ILO Convention l69.
>
> We call on the peoples' organizations and NGOs  to support this
"Indigenous
> Peoples' Seattle Declaration" and to promote it among their members.
>
> We believe that the whole philosophy underpinning the WTO Agreements and
the
> principles and policies it promotes contradict our core values,
spirituality
> and worldviews, as well as our concepts and practices of development,
trade
> and environmental protection. Therefore, we challenge the WTO to redefine
> its principles and practices toward a "sustainable communities" paradigm,
> and to recognize and allow for the continuation of other worldviews and
> models of development.
>
> Indigenous peoples, undoubtedly, are the ones most adversely affected by
> globalization and by the WTO Agreements. However, we believe that it is
also
> us who can offer viable alternatives to the dominant economic growth,
> export-oriented development model. Our sustainable lifestyles and
cultures,
> traditional knowledge, cosmologies, spirituality, values of collectivity,
> reciprocity, respect and reverence for Mother Earth, are crucial in the
> search for a transformed society where justice, equity, and sustainability
> will prevail.
>
>
> Statement by the Indigenous Peoples' Caucus convened and sponsored by the
> Indigenous Environmental Network USA/CANADA, Seventh Generation Fund USA,
> International Indian Treaty Council, Indigenous Peoples Council on
> Biocolonialism, the Abya Yala Fund, and TEBTEBBA (Indigenous Peoples'
> International Centre for Policy Research and Education), 1 December 1999,
> Seattle, Washington, USA.
>
> Other indigenous peoples' organizations, NGOs and individuals who wish to
> sign on to this statement, send email to  [e-mail] or
> [e-mail].
>
> ________________________________________
> Debra Harry, Director
> Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
> Tel:  [phone]  Fax:  [phone]
> Cell: [phone]
> Email text message to cell: mailto:[e-mail]
> Email: [e-mail]  Website:  www.ipcb.org
> _______________________________________
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
>
>
>
> From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
> To: [e-mail]
> Subject: World Trade Organization Article
> Date: Sat, 1 Jan 2000 17:02:48 -0800 (PST)
>
> Dear Abolitionists:
>
> Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer for
> the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to
write
> an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about
the
> WTO?
>
> I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's Florist
at
> 611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also interview
> local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should I
> ask them?
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Timothy Bruening
> 1439 Brown Drive
> Davis, CA 95616
>
>
> -
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ______________________________________________________
> Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
>
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Re: [Indigenous Peoples WTO Declaration] World Trade Organization Article
Date: 03 Jan 2000 18:23:51 +1100


----- Original Message -----
Sent: Wednesday, January 03, 1996 8:05 AM
Trade Organization Article


> This is an excellent statement, thankyou for sending it to me, it is very
> helpful, Sincerely Helen Caldicott
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Abolition2000 Pacific Region <[e-mail]>
> To: <[e-mail]>
> Sent: Sunday, January 02, 2000 2:43 PM
> Subject: (abolition-usa) Re: [Indigenous Peoples WTO Declaration] World
> Trade Organization Article
>
>
> >
> > Dear Timothy and other Abolitionists,
> >
> > Happy New Year. I am including below the Indigenous Peoples' Seattle
[WTO]
> > Declaration. It presents the issues and expresses some of the concerns
we
> > have vis-a-vis WTO and Globalization. I hope that in your writing, you
> will
> > also acknowledge the impacts of economic globalization on Indigenous
> > communities and peoples and also the work of Indigenous peoples within
the
> > context of WTO talks.
> >
> > Please contact Debra Harry at Indigenous Peoples Council on
Biocolonialism
> > <[e-mail]> or Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at Tebtebba Foundation
> > <[e-mail]> for further information, if you need any. Good
luck
> > to you and to all of us in this new year!
> >
> > Richard Salvador
> > Honolulu, Hawai`i
> >
> > ---
> >
> >
> >
> > From: Debra Harry <[e-mail]>
> > Date: December 28, 1999 12:27 AM
> > Subject: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
> >
> > From: Victoria Tauli-Corpuz at "Tebtebba Foundation"
> > <[e-mail]>:
> >
> >
> >
> > INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEATTLE DECLARATION
> > on the occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
> > Organization
> > November 30-December 3, 1999
> >
> > We, the Indigenous Peoples from various regions of the world, have come
to
> > Seattle to express our great concern over how the World Trade
Organization
> > is destroying Mother Earth and the cultural and biological diversity of
> > which we are a part.
> >
> > Trade liberalization and export-oriented development, which are the
> > overriding principles and policies pushed by the WTO, are creating the
> most
> > adverse impacts on the lives of Indigenous Peoples.  Our inherent right
to
> > self-determination, our sovereignty as nations, and treaties and other
> > constructive agreements which Indigenous nations and Peoples have
> negotiated
> > with other nation-states, are undermined by most of the WTO Agreements.
> The
> > disproportionate impact of these Agreements on our communities, whether
> > through environmental degradation or the  militarization and violence
that
> > often accompanies development projects, is serious and therefore should
be
> > addressed immediately.
> >
> > The WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), which promotes export
competition
> > and import liberalization, has allowed the entry of cheap agricultural
> > products into our communities.  It is causing the destruction of
> > ecologically rational and sustainable agricultural practices of
Indigenous
> > Peoples.
> >
> > Food security and the production of traditional food crops have been
> > seriously compromised.  Incidents of diabetes, cancers, and hypertension
> > have significantly increased among Indigenous Peoples because of the
> > scarcity of traditional foods and the dumping of junk food into our
> > communities.
> >
> > Small-scale farm production is giving way to commercial cash-crop
> > plantations further concentrating ancestral lands into the hands of few
> > agri-corporations and landlords.  This has led to the dislocation of
> scores
> > of people from our communities who then migrate to nearby cities and
> become
> > the urban homeless and jobless.
> >
> > The WTO Forests Products Agreement promotes free trade in forest
products.
> > By eliminating developed country tariffs on wood products by the year
> 2000,
> > and developing country tariffs by 2003, the Agreement will result in the
> > deforestation of many of the world's ecosystems in which Indigenous
> Peoples
> > live.
> >
> > Mining laws in many countries are being changed to allow free entry of
> > foreign mining corporations, to enable them to buy and own mineral
lands,
> > and to freely displace Indigenous Peoples from their ancestral
> territories.
> > These large-scale commercial mining and oil extraction activities
continue
> > to degrade our lands and fragile ecosystems, and pollute the soil,
water,
> > and air in our communities.
> >
> > The appropriation of our lands and resources and the aggressive
promotion
> of
> > consumerist and individualistic Western culture continue to destroy
> > traditional lifestyles and cultures.  The result is not only
environmental
> > degradation but also ill health, alienation, and high levels of stress
> > manifested in high rates of alcoholism and suicides.
> >
> > The theft and patenting of our biogenetic resources is facilitated by
the
> > TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) of the
WTO.
> > Some plants which Indigenous Peoples have discovered, cultivated, and
used
> > for food, medicine, and for sacred rituals are already patented in the
> > United States, Japan, and Europe.  A few examples of these are
ayahuasca,
> > quinoa, and sangre de drago in forests of South America; kava in the
> > Pacific; turmeric and bitter melon in Asia.  Our access and control over
> our
> > biological diversity and control over our traditional knowledge and
> > intellectual heritage are threatened by the TRIPs Agreement.
> >
> > Article 27.3b of the TRIPs Agreement allows the patenting of life-forms
> and
> > makes an artificial distinction between plants, animals, and
> > micro-organisms.  The distinction between "essentially biological" and
> > "non-biological" and "microbiological" processes is also erroneous.  As
> far
> > as we are concerned all these are life-forms and life-creating processes
> > which are sacred and which should not become the subject of private
> property
> > ownership.
> >
> > Finally, the liberalization of investments and the service sectors,
which
> is
> > pushed by the General Agreement of Services (GATS), reinforces the
> > domination and monopoly control of foreign corporations over strategic
> parts
> > of the economy.  The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
impose
> > conditionalities of liberalization, deregulation and privatization on
> > countries caught in the debt trap.  These conditionalities are
reinforced
> > further by the WTO.
> >
> > In light of the adverse impacts and consequences of the WTO Agreements
> > identified above, we, Indigenous Peoples present the following demands:
> >
> > We urgently call for a social and environmental justice analysis which
> will
> > look into the Agreements' cumulative effects on Indigenous Peoples.
> > Indigenous Peoples should be equal participants in establishing the
> criteria
> > and indicators for these analyses so that they take into consideration
> > spiritual as well as cultural aspects.
> >
> > A review of the Agreements should be done to address all of the
inequities
> > and imbalances which adversely affect Indigenous Peoples.
> >
> > The proposals to address some of these are as follows;
> >
> > *  For the Agreement on Agriculture
> >
> > ~It should not include in its coverage small-scale farmers who are
mainly
> > engaged in production for domestic use and sale in the local markets.
> >
> > ~It should ensure the recognition and protection of rights of Indigenous
> > Peoples to their territories and their resources, as well  as their
rights
> > to continue practicing their indigenous sustainable agriculture and
> resource
> > management practices and traditional livelihoods.
> >
> > ~It should ensure the food security and the capacity of Indigenous
Peoples
> > to produce, consume and trade their traditional foods.
> >
> >
> > *  With regard to the liberalization of services and investments we
> > recommend the following:
> >
> > ~It must stop unsustainable mining, commercial planting of monocrops,
dam
> > construction, oil exploration, land conversion to golf clubs, logging,
and
> > other activities which destroy  Indigenous Peoples' lands and violate
the
> > rights of indigenous peoples' to their territories and resources.
> >
> > ~The right of Indigenous Peoples to their traditional lifestyles,
cultural
> > norms and values should likewise be recognized and protected.
> >
> > ~The liberalization of services, especially in the areas of health,
should
> > not be allowed if it will prevent Indigenous Peoples from having access
to
> > free, culturally appropriate as well as quality health services.
> >
> > ~The liberalization of finance services which makes the world a global
> > casino should be regulated.
> >
> >
> > *  On the TRIPs Agreement, the proposals are as follows:
> >
> > ~Article 27.3b should be amended to categorically disallow the patenting
> of
> > life-forms.  It should clearly prohibit the patenting of
micro-organisms,
> > plants, animals, including all their parts, whether they are genes, gene
> > sequences, cells, cell lines,  proteins, or seeds.
> >
> > ~It should also prohibit the patenting of natural processes, whether
these
> > are biological or microbiological, involving the use of plants, animals
> and
> > micro-organisms and their parts in producing variations of plants,
animals
> > and micro-organisms.
> >
> > ~It should ensure the exploration and development of alternative forms
of
> > protection outside of the dominant western intellectual property rights
> > regime.  Such alternatives must protect the knowledge and innovations
and
> > practices in agriculture, health care, and conservation of biodiversity,
> and
> > should build upon indigenous methods and customary laws protecting
> > knowledge, heritage and biological resources.
> >
> > ~It should ensure that the protection offered to indigenous and
> traditional
> > knowledge, innovation and practices is consistent with the Convention on
> > Biological Diversity (i.e., Articles 8j, 10c, 17.2, and 18.4) and the
> > International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources.
> >
> > ~It should allow for the right of Indigenous Peoples and farmers to
> continue
> > their traditional practices of saving, sharing and exchanging seeds, and
> > cultivating, harvesting and using medicinal plants.
> >
> > ~It should prohibit scientific researchers and corporations from
> > appropriating and patenting indigenous seeds, medicinal plants, and
> related
> > knowledge about these life-forms.  The principles of prior informed
> consent
> > and right of veto by Indigenous Peoples should be respected.
> >
> >
> > If the earlier proposals cannot be ensured, we call for the removal of
the
> > Agreement on Agriculture, the Forest Products Agreements and the TRIPs
> > Agreement from the WTO.
> >
> > We call on the member-states of the WTO not to allow for another round
> > whilst the review and rectification of the implementation of existing
> > agreements has not been done. We reject the proposals for an investment
> > treaty, competition, accelerated industrial tariffs, government
> procurement,
> > and the creation of a working group on biotechnology.
> >
> > We urge the WTO to reform itself to become democratic, transparent and
> > accountable. If it fails to do this we call for the abolition of the
WTO.
> >
> > We urge the member nation-states of the WTO to endorse the adoption by
the
> > UN General Assembly of the current text of the UN Declaration on the
> Rights
> > of Indigenous Peoples and the ratification of ILO Convention l69.
> >
> > We call on the peoples' organizations and NGOs  to support this
> "Indigenous
> > Peoples' Seattle Declaration" and to promote it among their members.
> >
> > We believe that the whole philosophy underpinning the WTO Agreements and
> the
> > principles and policies it promotes contradict our core values,
> spirituality
> > and worldviews, as well as our concepts and practices of development,
> trade
> > and environmental protection. Therefore, we challenge the WTO to
redefine
> > its principles and practices toward a "sustainable communities"
paradigm,
> > and to recognize and allow for the continuation of other worldviews and
> > models of development.
> >
> > Indigenous peoples, undoubtedly, are the ones most adversely affected by
> > globalization and by the WTO Agreements. However, we believe that it is
> also
> > us who can offer viable alternatives to the dominant economic growth,
> > export-oriented development model. Our sustainable lifestyles and
> cultures,
> > traditional knowledge, cosmologies, spirituality, values of
collectivity,
> > reciprocity, respect and reverence for Mother Earth, are crucial in the
> > search for a transformed society where justice, equity, and
sustainability
> > will prevail.
> >
> >
> > Statement by the Indigenous Peoples' Caucus convened and sponsored by
the
> > Indigenous Environmental Network USA/CANADA, Seventh Generation Fund
USA,
> > International Indian Treaty Council, Indigenous Peoples Council on
> > Biocolonialism, the Abya Yala Fund, and TEBTEBBA (Indigenous Peoples'
> > International Centre for Policy Research and Education), 1 December
1999,
> > Seattle, Washington, USA.
> >
> > Other indigenous peoples' organizations, NGOs and individuals who wish
to
> > sign on to this statement, send email to  [e-mail] or
> > [e-mail].
> >
> > ________________________________________
> > Debra Harry, Director
> > Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
> > Tel:  [phone]  Fax:  [phone]
> > Cell: [phone]
> > Email text message to cell: mailto:[e-mail]
> > Email: [e-mail]  Website:  www.ipcb.org
> > _______________________________________
> >
> >
> >
> > ---
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
> > To: [e-mail]
> > Subject: World Trade Organization Article
> > Date: Sat, 1 Jan 2000 17:02:48 -0800 (PST)
> >
> > Dear Abolitionists:
> >
> > Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer
for
> > the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to
> write
> > an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about
> the
> > WTO?
> >
> > I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's
Florist
> at
> > 611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also
interview
> > local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should
I
> > ask them?
> >
> > Sincerely,
> >
> > Timothy Bruening
> > 1439 Brown Drive
> > Davis, CA 95616
> >
> >
> > -
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ______________________________________________________
> > Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
> >
> >
> > -
> >  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
> "[e-mail]"
> >  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
> >  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
> >  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
> >
>
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) World Trade Organization Comments
Date: 03 Jan 2000 00:44:11 -0800 (PST)

I have read that GATT, which is now under the World Trade Organization's
jurisdiction, has a national security exemption, meaning that nations can
place restrictions on trade to preserve their national security.  Thus
Canada can subsidize its weapons corporations (in a $30 million program
announced in October) to develop new weapons (but not civilian aircraft)
without violating WTO rules.

Would it be possible for the U.S. to defend environmental, public health,
and worker rights laws by claiming that a clean environment, a healthy
populace, and high wages are essential for national security?  Could
developing nations defend protective tariffs by claiming that they need to
develop domestic industries to protect their national security?

The WTO is a very interesting organization.  Firstly, it has full executive
authority over more than 20 international trade related agreements.
Secondly, it has the ability to strike down any laws that violate WTO rules
and compel nations to pass new, WTO compliant laws by imposing penalties and
trade sanctions.  For example, the WTO has forced the EPA to change emission
rules for gasoline, forced the U.S. to end its ban on imported shrimp caught
without Turtle Excluder Devices to save endangered sea turtles, and forced
the EU to end preferential treatment for bananas grown it former European
colonies in the Caribbean.  The WTO has also authorized the U.S. to impose
tariffs against the EU for banning beef grown with hormones.  Thirdly, it
has judicial powers in the form of a Dispute Settlement Body, which consists
of panels of corporate and trade lawyers who preside in secret hearings as
final judges and arbiters of disputes among WTO members.  This makes the WTO
a de facto World Government!

I propose that we push for the creation of a World Disarmament Organization
(WDO) with similar powers, so that it can compel nations to disarm
(including forcing the nuclear nations to get rid of their nukes) and permit
on-site inspections.  If 134 nations can cede some of their power over trade
to the WTO, surely they can cede some of their sovereignty for the sake of
ending the threat of nuclear war.

Has anyone considered asking the World Court to rule on whether or not the
WTO violates international law?


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Timothy Bruening <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) 15,000 Days of Fidel Castro
Date: 03 Jan 2000 00:44:24 -0800 (PST)

On January 26, Fidel Castro will have been ruler of Cuba for 15,000 days!
How should we celebrate this anniversary?  How can I contact Castro?


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: FoE Sydney - Nuclear Campaign <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) New Year in Sydney - The Best New Years Present (or anytime
Date: 27 Dec 2000 16:58:54 +1000

New Year in Sydney - The Best New Years Present (or anytime really)

IT'S the day past boxing day here in Sydney - Still a public holiday, with
buses on sunday timetable.

The whole of Sydney is in holiday mode.

Unlike the northern hemisphere, down here it is warm and sunny though it
rains on and off today.

People are likely to spend new year with their families or friends at a
back - yard barbequeue,  or at the beach.  Right now there's a lot of
people taking their leisure in the city.

There are massive millenium celebrations planned for Christmas, and most
folk are cautiously confident that in Australia at least, the Y2K 'bug' has
been fixed.

In fact barely more than essential infrasrructure has been fixed, with most
business untouched but that's still better than most of the rest of the
world!

But whether you have had a warm to hot downunder new year or a US or
European snowy one, it would be much more of a pleasure if you knew that
there were not those 5,600 land- based ICBM warheads plus submarine and
bomber based warheads, on 24 hour a day immmediate, launch-on-warning
status.

That could ruin your entire new year, especially knowing that the oldest,
largest, most complex, and previously least Y2K compliant computer systems
in the world perform command, communications, control, and intelligence for
nuclear weapons systems.

These systems will only experience the rollover some 9-18 hours after
Australia does.
So new years day could be nervous, at least for those of us who think of
such things.

Sure, the Pentagon say they have spent $3.6billion to make their nuclear
combat command, communication, and control systems Y2K compliant.

Sure, the US and Russia have established a joint Y2K 'Strategic Stability
Centre' next to the Cheyyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado.

And it is important - indeed crucial - that they have done this.

However, we hope they have by now managed to fix the hotlines set up during
the cold war, and discovered to be non Y2K compliant in September.

If nuclear weapons could not be immediately launched, then not only over
the nervous Y2K rollover period, when US and Russian officers are going to
EXPECT false alerts, blank screens, and communication blackouts, but at any
other time when also false alerts have happened, decision makers would
never be forced into the situation in which they have to decide whether to
blow up the world in five minutes, perhaps at 3am in the morning when very
much the worse for wear after new years drinkies.

The best  gift Clinton or Yeltsin can give the world is to do as two
resolutions passed by the United Nations General Assembly a year ago with
massive majorities, and another two passed this year with massive
majorities, two resolutions passed by the Australian Senate and  one
resolution passed unanimously by the European Parliament have reccommended
- to take nuclear weapons off hairtrigger alert and place them in a status
in which launch on warning is no longer possible.

A letter signed by 500 global environmental organisations, arms control
groups, religious bodies, NGOs, and Parliamentarians asking for nuclear
weapons to be taken off alert for the new year was faxed to Yeltsin and
Clinton some days ago. It will be faxed again on 29th or 30th.

Clinton, Cohen, and Yeltsin have now been recieving an awful lot of faxes
and phonecalls asking them to take missiles off alert.

Ask President Clinton, President Yeltsin, and their secretaries and
ministers for defence (Cohen and Sergeyev) to do this.

If you have access to a fax machine, a single page A4 fax even to the
Kremlin should cost you round a dollar. (public fax facilities charge an
arm and a leg so don't bother with them).

The best fax is handwritten, not typed.

Do it now - It's Christmas Eve tomorrow (or it is here in Sydney).

You can fax for free on: http://www.fax4free.com

You can fax Clinton on [phone]
You can fax US defence secy Cohen on 1-703-695-1149
You can fax Yeltsin and Sergeyev on [phone].

There are sample letters below.
You should shorten them and use your own words.
You don't need to write anything near as long as this. Use what you want of
these sample letters in your own way, and preferably, handwrite don't type.


1) SAMPLE LETTER TO COHEN/CLINTON
(Please customise and shorten)

TO:
WILLIAM COHEN, US SECRETARY OF DEFENCE, [phone],

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON,  WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, US,  [phone],
[phone].

Dear President Clinton and Secretary for Defence Cohen,

I am writing  to urge your administration to take US nuclear forces off
'hairtrigger alert' even if only during the Y2K rollover period, to ask
that any false alarms or 'near misses' over the Y2K rollover and at any
other time be reported publicly, and to ask that the Y2K strategic
stability centre's operations be extended preferably indefinitely but at
least till May.

There is little time to act, and an immediate decision to place nuclear
weapons in a status in which immediate launch is impossible is essential to
ensure global stability.

As you will be aware, the European Parliament recently voted to ask you and
President Yeltsin to do as the UK has already done, and de-alert nuclear
weapons.

De-alerting of nuclear forces was strongly recommended by the Canberra
Commission in 1996 and then by the Tokyo Forum,  as a way to develop
strategic stability and build trust between the US and Russia. It has also
been incorporated into last year's  and  this years text of the New Agenda
Resolution in the UN General Assembly. It has also been reccommended by a
resolution specifically on the subject passed by last years General
Assembly and by this years First Committee on Reduction of Nuclear Dangers.
In addition it has been the subject of two resolutions passed by the
Australian Senate on 12 August and 20 September, and finally it has been
clearly requested by the European Parliament. It is also the subject of
congressional resolution H.Con Res177 put by Edward Markey, and most
recently, the City of Berkeley has asked for it.

De-Alerting and the establishment of the Y2K strategic stability centre are
not in competition with each other.  Indeed, we urge strongly that the
strategic stability centres operations be extended indefinitely.

Reductions in the number of weapons, the establishment of shared early
warning centers and de-alerting are all  vital to the reduction of tension
and the establishment of strategic stability.

This is particularly the case in view of the uncertainties posed by the
millennium date change (Y2K).

As you are well aware, the largest and oldest computer system complexes in
the world are those that control nuclear weapons systems.

The very nature of the Y2K problem makes it impossible to be sure
everything has been fixed until well into the new year.

Russia has, until recently, made little effort to even acknowledge the Y2K
problem, let alone fix it. It is therefore quite possible that Russian
computerized control systems are not Y2K compliant and that they will
experience widespread failures during the Y2K rollover period.

Even more disquieting is the fact that that the Russians have constructed
the system known as 'Perimeter', or the 'dead hand'. This system seems to
include additional ways in which Y2K failure might lead to an accidental
launch.

The establishment of a Y2K strategic stability center in Colorado is
certainly an advantageous move and an absolutely essential one, but it does
not entirely remove the danger of an accidental launch of nuclear
weapons.

The fact that the Center is scheduled, as far as we the public are aware,
to come into operation only on December 27th, four days prior to the
rollover, is far from reassuring. A four day delay will render it useless.

Similarly, the center itself will depend on the availability of
ultra-reliable hotlines between it and Moscow. The  Y2K vulnerabilities
recently discovered in six of the seven hotlines on which US/Russian
communications depends, are also cause for deep concern.

If nuclear weapons are removed from a status in which they can be launched
within minutes, and placed in one which would require at least days to
launch, the risk of an accidental missile launch induced by Y2K or other
errors in command and control systems will be virtually eliminated.

This  has already been done by the UK, which has moved the 'notice to fire'
for its missile forces from minutes to days.

The United States is making a serious error in failing to consider
de-alerting.  Failure to take nuclear forces off hairtrigger alert over the
Y2K 'rollover' period is an error that has the potential of causing
unthinkable consequences.

The probability of this may be low, but it will never be zero as long as
nuclear forces remain on hair-trigger alert.  This will continue to be so
after the immmediate Y2K 'rollover' period.

In a previous administration, President Bush took strategic bomber forces
off alert. We urge you to do this with all US nuclear forces.

(SIGNED)
etc.

2) SAMPLE LETTER TO YELTSIN/DEFENCE MINISTER SERGEYEV
(Please customise and shorten)

PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN, IGOR SERGEYEV, RUSSIAN DEFENCE MINISTER,
[phone],

Dear Defence Minister Sergeyev and President Yeltsin,

I am writing to convey my deep concern that Y2K-related computer failures
in the command and control systems for nuclear weapons may lead to an
accidental nuclear war.

I am aware that both Russia and the US have taken this problem seriously
enough to establish a joint strategic stability center in Colorado.
However, I am very much concerned that this facility will come into
operation only by 27th December 1999, so that a delay of just four days
will make it useless.

This facility is however, essential to the security of the world, and
should continue to operate indefinitely.

I am also very much concerned that Y2K problems have been found recently in
six out of seven of the 'hotlines' that would be used if a crisis of any
sort arose over the Y2K rollover period.

I am aware that there have been a number of occasions when either the US or
Russia have mistakenly believed that the other nation was in the process of
launching a nuclear attack.

With 3,600 Russian warheads on 700 missiles and 2,000 US warheads on 500
missiles, with each side capable to launch within roughly 20 minutes, this
must never be allowed to happen, either over the Y2K 'rollover', or at any
other time.

The use of 5,600 warheads would certainly mean the end of what we call
civilization, would likely mean the end of the human race and could
possibly mean the end of all life.

I therefore urge both you and the United States, to place all your nuclear
forces in a status in which at least days not minutes, would be required to
launch. The United Kingdom has, I understand, already done this.

The European Parliament has recently called on both the US and Russia to
de-alert nuclear weapons and to place them in a state similar to that in
which the UK has placed its weapons. De-alerting of nuclear forces was
strongly recommended by the Canberra Commission in 1996 and then by the
Tokyo Forum, as a way to develop strategic stability and build trust
between the US and Russia. It has also been incorporated into last year's
and this years text of the New Agenda Resolution in the UN General
Assembly. It has also been recommended by a resolution specifically on the
subject passed by last years General Assembly and by this years First
Committee on Reduction of Nuclear Dangers. In addition it has been the
subject of two resolutions passed by the Australian Senate on 12 August and
20 September, and finally it has been clearly requested by the European
Parliament. It is also the subject of congressional resolution H.Con Res177
put by Edward Markey, and most recently, the City of Berkeley has asked for
it.

In this context I am particularly concerned that statements have been made
in which the threat of nuclear weapons has been raised, and that new
missiles have been deployed and placed on alert status.

As what is at stake is potentially the survival of the entire planet, no
considerations, even the highest considerations of national security, can
take priority.

The immediate stakes are so high and the potential for global catastrophe
is so great, that  de-alerting of nuclear forces in the face of the Y2K
computer problem and the long-term possibility of false alerts must take
precedence over all other considerations of political and national security.

(Signed)
etc.

John Hallam
Friends of the Earth Sydney,
17 Lord Street, Newtown, NSW, Australia, 2042
Fax [phone]  ph (61)(2)9517-3903
[e-mail]
http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd
http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd/nuclear/bbletter.html




-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: FoE Sydney - Nuclear Campaign <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Rocket experts fear false signal from Kremlin
Date: 28 Dec 2000 18:21:57 +1000

December 27, 1999

 Rocket experts fear false
 signal from Kremlin

 By Rowan Scarborough
 THE WASHINGTON TIMES
(front page)


 As the century changes on Dec. 31, a
 computer-generated false signal could send rocketeers
 on quickly paced launch procedures for Russia's 756
 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

 Russia's deteriorating nuclear force is causing some experts
 to worry that a year-2000 computer glitch could spawn a
 false signal from early warning radars or satellites that the
 country is under attack.
Bruce Blair, a Brookings Institution analyst and leading
 authority on Russia's sprawling atomic arsenal, said the
 Strategic Rocket Force operates on a hair-trigger "launch on
 warning" doctrine.
As the century changes on Dec. 31, a
 computer-generated false signal could send rocketeers on
 quickly paced launch procedures for Russia's 756
 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
"They have about 2,000 weapons they can fire at the
 United States on a moment's notice, and the main option for
 firing them is 'launch on warning' at a time when their early
 warning network is deteriorating badly and at a time when
 they're suspicious of the West," said Mr. Blair, who as an Air
 Force officer in the 1970s manned a U.S. Minuteman missile
 silo.
Asked the odds of a false signal triggering an ICBM
 launch, Mr. Blair said, "It's clear that the likelihood of such an
 event is higher as a result of Y2K than it would otherwise. . .
 . [But] this should in all likelihood be a case of fail safe and
 not fail deadly."
The Pentagon, however, says there is no chance for a
 deadly miscalculation. The department has gone to
 extraordinary lengths diplomatically and financially to make
 sure New Year's Eve does not turn into a real-life "The Day
 After."
Its most visible guard against a calamity is the Center for
 Year 2000 Strategic Stability at Peterson Air Force Base,
 Colo. There, beginning Dec. 30, Russian and American
 officers will sit side by side at computer screens 24-hours a
 day. Their job: Monitor data from U.S. Space Command
 sensors, primarily long-range radars and satellites that detect
 the heat of a rocket blastoff.
"We really do not worry about Russia, missiles going off,
 or early-warning systems getting false reports or anything
 like that," said Deputy Defense Secretary John Hamre. "We're
 confident that will not be the case."
Added Peter Verga, a Pentagon policy-maker, "If an early
 warning radar in Russia fails, we think it would be because
 the power went out, which is a local time-zone problem, and
 not because there's a fundamental problem within the
 system."
The department, which has spent $3.6 billion on
 year-2000 compliance, has invested $10 million in Russian
 weapons computers to ensure they don't misread the date
 rollover to 2000. Technicians also ridded the
 Moscow-Washington "hot line" of any potential bugs and
 installed backup telephone connections.
At Peterson, a missile launch anywhere in the world will
 be picked up by Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites
 and then tracked by radars.
Inside the Peterson center, officers will know the launch
 location and time, whether the rocket is an ICBM or space
 vehicle, the "threat fan" of potential targets and projected
 impact point.
The center has communications links to Moscow's
 warning center so Russian officers in the United States can
 verify any launch activity detected back home.
Space Command believes that by 4 p.m. (ET) Dec. 31 ù
 the millennium rollover in Moscow ù officials will know if
 Russia's warning system is glitch-free.
U.S. military forces are on Greenwich Mean Time and
 will enter the new century at 7 p.m. (ET).
"Once we get through the Moscow rollover, we'll have a
 very good indication of how Moscow has gotten through the
 rollover," said Maj. Perry Nouis, a spokesman for the U.S.
 Space Command. "We think it's going to be a quiet night for
 everybody. That's what our hope is."
Steven Zaloga, an expert on Russian strategic weapons
 and an aerospace consultant, said Moscow lost a large share
 of its ICBM-tracking radars with the breakaway of old Soviet
 republics. For example, Latvia recently shut down the radar
 on its soil.
Russia's other mechanism for monitoring U.S. missiles,
 the system of orbiting Oko infrared satellites, has wide gaps
 in coverage because Moscow lacks the money to replace
 them.
"Their early warning system has so many gaps and
 problems with it, one would hope they have the sense to
 appreciate that they may get some kind of false readings,"
 Mr. Zaloga said.
"Their command-and-control network is in very, very bad
 shape," he added.
"They don't have reliable missile early warning, which is
 really a critical element of command and control. The
 problem I see with the Russian government, it has a very
 unsophisticated and naive view of nuclear forces. The
 Russian military over the years has held a monopoly on
 distribution of information on nuclear forces."
Still, Mr. Zaloga concluded that the Russians exercise
 sufficient human control in Moscow to head off any rash
 decisions on New Year's Eve.
He said that in the early 1980s, shortly after the first Oko
 went into space, a satellite sent back a false-positive based on
 a heat signature from the sun appearing on the horizon.
 Fortunately, he said, a Russian officer dismissed the signal as
 bogus and did not initiate alert procedures.
"These missiles don't go off automatically," Mr. Zaloga
 said. "There is a human element in the Russian
 command-and-control system."
One thing is clear. Moscow and Washington approach the
 date switch amid worsening relations and mistrust.
Russia is particularly jittery over three developments:
 NATO expansion to its old Soviet borders; the air war on
 Serbia that showed the power and reach of American
 strategic bombers; and the U.S. intention to build a national
 defense against ballistic missiles.
Meanwhile, Washington has protested Russia's brutal
 military crackdown in Chechnya and is growing concerned
 over Moscow's increasingly bellicose statements on nuclear
 weapons.
In Beijing earlier this month, Russian President Boris
 Yeltsin said President Clinton "has forgotten Russia is a great
 power that possesses a nuclear arsenal."
Last week, Col. Gen. Vladimir Yakovlev, chief of the
 country's Strategic Rocket Force, was quoted as saying,
 "Russia, for objective reasons, is forced to lower the
 threshold for using nuclear weapons. . . . "
Mr. Blair sees the acid atmosphere as possibly leading to
 nuclear miscalculation. He also sees shortfalls in Pentagon
 planning.
For example, at the Peterson year-2000 center, Russian
 officers will not see the raw data that pours into the
 top-secret national warning center at Cheyenne Mountain 12
 miles away. Instead, they will view processed signals.
The arrangement raises a dicey scenario. If Moscow's
 system says it is under attack, who do the Russians believe?
 Their own data or assurances from an American air base?
"The sole point of contact between the two militaries will
 be here at Peterson to make sure that no one in either country
 operates in a vacuum," Maj. Nouis said.
Said Mr. Blair, "As far as I can tell, we have fixed the
 Y2K problems with our nuclear forces. The Russians have
 not. They have admitted they are behind schedule. . . . This
 Y2K center is just a Band-Aid that diverts attention from the
 deeper problem of deterioration of Russian control over their
 nuclear arsenal"
Peter Pry's book, "War Scare: Russia and America on the
 Nuclear Brink," documents the poor state of the old Soviet
 arsenal. One would expect him to sound the alarm over the
 looming 2000 date change. But he's not.
"A lot of people on the left and right have really hyped the
 Y2K thing for different ulterior motives," Mr. Pry said. "I
 think it's been much exaggerated, the dangers of an electronic
 glitch, something going radically wrong with their computer
 system . . . It's hard for me to imagine a false attack
 happening."
Mr. Pry, a staffer on the House Armed Services
 Committee, said one prospect does worry him: how will the
 Russian generals react if an early-warning radar blacks out?
"That could be dangerous," he said. "Then you have the
 general staff wondering, why did it black out. 'Is this the first
 wave of attack?' "
Mr. Pry said year-2000 pessimists point to a 1995
 incident as evidence of how Russia's weakening nuclear
 control could produce a fatal mistake.
In January of that year, Russian nuclear forces went on
 alert after the launch of a Norwegian weather rocket. Some
 Russians initially misinterpreted the flight as a U.S. submarine
 ballistic missile fired as the first stage of an all-out attack.
But rather than viewing the incident as a precursor to
 year-2000, Mr. Pry said it is a better indication of Russian
 mistrust toward the West.
"There was no mechanical failure or computer failure,"
 said the ex-CIA analyst. "It was a human failure."


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: FoE Sydney - Nuclear Campaign <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Will there still be 5000 warheads on alert after Dec 31?
Date: 28 Dec 2000 18:42:27 +1000

If you read the item on the front page of the Washington Post, recently
posted to the various lists, you will surely want to let US Secretary of
Defence Willam S. Cohen, and Presidents Yeltsin and Clinton know how you
feel about having 5000 nuclear weapons on hairtrigger alert over the Y2K
rollover.

And if as is to be hoped, nothing at all happens over the year end
rollover, there will STILL be 5000 nuclear warheads on hairtrigger alert.

The oldest, largest, most complex, and previously least Y2K compliant
computer systems in the world perform command, communications, control, and
intelligence for nuclear weapons systems, and  even without Y2K there have
been a series of frightening near- misses.

These systems will only experience the rollover some 9-18 hours after
Australia does.
So new years day could be nervous, at least for those of us who think of
such things.

Sure, the Pentagon say they have spent $3.6billion to make their nuclear
combat command, communication, and control systems Y2K compliant.

Sure, the US and Russia have established a joint Y2K 'Strategic Stability
Centre' next to the Cheyyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado.

And it is important - indeed crucial - that they have done this.

However, we hope they have by now managed to fix the hotlines set up during
the cold war, and discovered to be non Y2K compliant in September.

If nuclear weapons could not be immediately launched, then not only over
the nervous Y2K rollover period, when US and Russian officers are going to
EXPECT false alerts, blank screens, and communication blackouts, but at any
other time when also false alerts have happened, decision makers would
never be forced into the situation in which they have to decide whether to
blow up the world in five minutes, perhaps at 3am in the morning when very
much the worse for wear after new years drinkies.

The best  gift Clinton or Yeltsin can give the world is to do as two
resolutions passed by the United Nations General Assembly a year ago with
massive majorities, and another two passed this year with massive
majorities, two resolutions passed by the Australian Senate and  one
resolution passed unanimously by the European Parliament have reccommended
- to take nuclear weapons off hairtrigger alert and place them in a status
in which launch on warning is no longer possible.

A letter signed by 500 global environmental organisations, arms control
groups, religious bodies, NGOs, and Parliamentarians asking for nuclear
weapons to be taken off alert for the new year was faxed to Yeltsin and
Clinton some days ago. It will be faxed again on 29th or 30th.

Clinton, Cohen, and Yeltsin have now been recieving an awful lot of faxes
and phonecalls asking them to take missiles off alert.

Ask President Clinton, President Yeltsin, and their secretaries and
ministers for defence (Cohen and Sergeyev) to do this.

If you have access to a fax machine, a single page A4 fax even to the
Kremlin should cost you round a dollar. (public fax facilities charge an
arm and a leg so don't bother with them).

The best fax is handwritten, not typed.

Do it now - It's Christmas Eve tomorrow (or it is here in Sydney).

You can fax for free on: http://www.fax4free.com

You can fax Clinton on [phone]
You can fax US defence secy Cohen on 1-703-695-1149
You can fax Yeltsin and Sergeyev on [phone].

There are sample letters below.
You should shorten them and use your own words.
You don't need to write anything near as long as this. Use what you want of
these sample letters in your own way, and preferably, handwrite don't type.


1) SAMPLE LETTER TO COHEN/CLINTON
(Please customise and shorten)

TO:
WILLIAM COHEN, US SECRETARY OF DEFENCE, [phone],

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON,  WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, US,  [phone],
[phone].

Dear President Clinton and Secretary for Defence Cohen,

I am writing  to urge your administration to take US nuclear forces off
'hairtrigger alert' even if only during the Y2K rollover period, to ask
that any false alarms or 'near misses' over the Y2K rollover and at any
other time be reported publicly, and to ask that the Y2K strategic
stability centre's operations be extended preferably indefinitely but at
least till May.

There is little time to act, and an immediate decision to place nuclear
weapons in a status in which immediate launch is impossible is essential to
ensure global stability.

As you will be aware, the European Parliament recently voted to ask you and
President Yeltsin to do as the UK has already done, and de-alert nuclear
weapons.

De-alerting of nuclear forces was strongly recommended by the Canberra
Commission in 1996 and then by the Tokyo Forum,  as a way to develop
strategic stability and build trust between the US and Russia. It has also
been incorporated into last year's  and  this years text of the New Agenda
Resolution in the UN General Assembly. It has also been reccommended by a
resolution specifically on the subject passed by last years General
Assembly and by this years First Committee on Reduction of Nuclear Dangers.
In addition it has been the subject of two resolutions passed by the
Australian Senate on 12 August and 20 September, and finally it has been
clearly requested by the European Parliament. It is also the subject of
congressional resolution H.Con Res177 put by Edward Markey, and most
recently, the City of Berkeley has asked for it.

De-Alerting and the establishment of the Y2K strategic stability centre are
not in competition with each other.  Indeed, we urge strongly that the
strategic stability centres operations be extended indefinitely.

Reductions in the number of weapons, the establishment of shared early
warning centers and de-alerting are all  vital to the reduction of tension
and the establishment of strategic stability.

This is particularly the case in view of the uncertainties posed by the
millennium date change (Y2K).

As you are well aware, the largest and oldest computer system complexes in
the world are those that control nuclear weapons systems.

The very nature of the Y2K problem makes it impossible to be sure
everything has been fixed until well into the new year.

Russia has, until recently, made little effort to even acknowledge the Y2K
problem, let alone fix it. It is therefore quite possible that Russian
computerized control systems are not Y2K compliant and that they will
experience widespread failures during the Y2K rollover period.

Even more disquieting is the fact that that the Russians have constructed
the system known as 'Perimeter', or the 'dead hand'. This system seems to
include additional ways in which Y2K failure might lead to an accidental
launch.

The establishment of a Y2K strategic stability center in Colorado is
certainly an advantageous move and an absolutely essential one, but it does
not entirely remove the danger of an accidental launch of nuclear
weapons.

The fact that the Center is scheduled, as far as we the public are aware,
to come into operation only on December 27th, four days prior to the
rollover, is far from reassuring. A four day delay will render it useless.

Similarly, the center itself will depend on the availability of
ultra-reliable hotlines between it and Moscow. The  Y2K vulnerabilities
recently discovered in six of the seven hotlines on which US/Russian
communications depends, are also cause for deep concern.

If nuclear weapons are removed from a status in which they can be launched
within minutes, and placed in one which would require at least days to
launch, the risk of an accidental missile launch induced by Y2K or other
errors in command and control systems will be virtually eliminated.

This  has already been done by the UK, which has moved the 'notice to fire'
for its missile forces from minutes to days.

The United States is making a serious error in failing to consider
de-alerting.  Failure to take nuclear forces off hairtrigger alert over the
Y2K 'rollover' period is an error that has the potential of causing
unthinkable consequences.

The probability of this may be low, but it will never be zero as long as
nuclear forces remain on hair-trigger alert.  This will continue to be so
after the immmediate Y2K 'rollover' period.

In a previous administration, President Bush took strategic bomber forces
off alert. We urge you to do this with all US nuclear forces.

(SIGNED)
etc.

2) SAMPLE LETTER TO YELTSIN/DEFENCE MINISTER SERGEYEV
(Please customise and shorten)

PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN, IGOR SERGEYEV, RUSSIAN DEFENCE MINISTER,
[phone],

Dear Defence Minister Sergeyev and President Yeltsin,

I am writing to convey my deep concern that Y2K-related computer failures
in the command and control systems for nuclear weapons may lead to an
accidental nuclear war.

I am aware that both Russia and the US have taken this problem seriously
enough to establish a joint strategic stability center in Colorado.
However, I am very much concerned that this facility will come into
operation only by 27th December 1999, so that a delay of just four days
will make it useless.

This facility is however, essential to the security of the world, and
should continue to operate indefinitely.

I am also very much concerned that Y2K problems have been found recently in
six out of seven of the 'hotlines' that would be used if a crisis of any
sort arose over the Y2K rollover period.

I am aware that there have been a number of occasions when either the US or
Russia have mistakenly believed that the other nation was in the process of
launching a nuclear attack.

With 3,600 Russian warheads on 700 missiles and 2,000 US warheads on 500
missiles, with each side capable to launch within roughly 20 minutes, this
must never be allowed to happen, either over the Y2K 'rollover', or at any
other time.

The use of 5,600 warheads would certainly mean the end of what we call
civilization, would likely mean the end of the human race and could
possibly mean the end of all life.

I therefore urge both you and the United States, to place all your nuclear
forces in a status in which at least days not minutes, would be required to
launch. The United Kingdom has, I understand, already done this.

The European Parliament has recently called on both the US and Russia to
de-alert nuclear weapons and to place them in a state similar to that in
which the UK has placed its weapons. De-alerting of nuclear forces was
strongly recommended by the Canberra Commission in 1996 and then by the
Tokyo Forum, as a way to develop strategic stability and build trust
between the US and Russia. It has also been incorporated into last year's
and this years text of the New Agenda Resolution in the UN General
Assembly. It has also been recommended by a resolution specifically on the
subject passed by last years General Assembly and by this years First
Committee on Reduction of Nuclear Dangers. In addition it has been the
subject of two resolutions passed by the Australian Senate on 12 August and
20 September, and finally it has been clearly requested by the European
Parliament. It is also the subject of congressional resolution H.Con Res177
put by Edward Markey, and most recently, the City of Berkeley has asked for
it.

In this context I am particularly concerned that statements have been made
in which the threat of nuclear weapons has been raised, and that new
missiles have been deployed and placed on alert status.

As what is at stake is potentially the survival of the entire planet, no
considerations, even the highest considerations of national security, can
take priority.

The immediate stakes are so high and the potential for global catastrophe
is so great, that  de-alerting of nuclear forces in the face of the Y2K
computer problem and the long-term possibility of false alerts must take
precedence over all other considerations of political and national security.

(Signed)
etc.

John Hallam
Friends of the Earth Sydney,
17 Lord Street, Newtown, NSW, Australia, 2042
Fax [phone]  ph (61)(2)9517-3903
[e-mail]
http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd
http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd/nuclear/bbletter.html




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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Tritium in the Ogalala Aquifer
Date: 03 Jan 2000 11:47:30 -0500

Dear Friends,
New tritium contamination is reported in the Oglala aquifer.  The article
attributes it to bomb test fall out.  But is there a possibility that it is
coming from the DOE Pantex plant at Amarillo, where the warheads are stored
and
which sits on top of the aquifer?  Alice
>WATER CONTAMINATION SPEEDING INTO HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER
>
>OKLAHOMA CITY, Oklahoma, December 15, 1999 (ENS) - Nitrate and tritium
>concentrations in groundwater samples collected this year by the SGS from
>the
>High Plains aquifer in western Oklahoma show that water may be seeping from
>the
>land surface to the water table within the span of a few decades. The
>finding
>could affect water users, irrigated agriculture and livestock operations in
>the
>region. Many people had thought that it took hundreds or thousands of years
>for
>water and water borne contaminants to seep down to the water table in the
>High
>Plains aquifer. Because there is little rainfall, the water table is often
>more
>than 200 feet below land surface, and sheltered by layers of naturally
>cemented
>sand and gravel. The High Plains aquifer is the sole source of drinking
>water
>for most residents in the Oklahoma panhandle.
>
>The USGS sampled 12 domestic wells built in the aquifer in Oklahoma in
>early
>1999. Seven of those water samples had tritium concentrations exceeding 2.5
>picocuries per liter, indicating seepage from rainfall that fell since
>1953,
>when atmospheric testing of hydrogen bombs began. Tritium is an isotope of
>hydrogen that is harmless at low concentrations. Water samples collected
>for
>the
>project are being analyzed for ratios of tritium to helium-3 gas or for
>concentrations of carbon-14 to determine when the ground water fell as
>rainfall
>and started seeping toward the water table. This study may modify previous
>beliefs about the vulnerability of the High Plains aquifer to contamination
>in
>western Oklahoma.
>
>c Environment News Service (ENS) 1999. All Rights Reserved.
>
>
>*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
>       [e-mail] -- The email list for the
>            GRACE Factory Farming Project Team
>        See web site at http://www.factoryfarm.org/
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: (GDR)  Russia to run nuclear tests at Arctic site in 2000
Date: 03 Jan 2000 12:17:14 -0500

>Date: Sat, 01 Jan 2000 18:05:31 -0500
>Subject: (GDR)  Russia to run nuclear tests at Arctic site in 2000=20
>X-FC-MachineGenerated: true
>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>
>
> Russia to run nuclear tests at Arctic site in 2000=20
>
> Copyright =A9 2000 Nando Media
> Copyright =A9 2000 Associated Press
>
> MOSCOW (January 1, 2000 8:42 a.m. EST=20
>
>http://www.nandotimes.com) - Russia will conduct a series of sub-critical=
=20
>nuclear tests at an Arctic testing range this year to check the safety of
>its=20
>nuclear arsenal, a news report said Saturday.=20
>=20
> Russia carries out an average of five sub-critical tests at the Novaya=20
>Zemlya archipelago each year, and will continue the practice in 2000, the=
=20
>ITAR-Tass news agency reported, citing the Russian Atomic Energy Ministry.=
=20
>=20
> Such tests are not prohibited by the international Comprehensive Test Ban=
=20
>Treaty because the amount of radioactive plutonium used is not enough to=20
>create a nuclear explosion. But critics warn that carrying out even
>limited=20
>tests could encourage other countries to conduct full-scale nuclear tests.=
=20
>=20
> Weapons-grade plutonium and enriched uranium are used during the tests,
>but=20
>there is no discharge of nuclear energy.=20
>=20
> The southern tip of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago is located above the=20
>Arctic Circle, 1,178 miles north of Moscow, between the Barents and Kara=20
>Seas.=20
> =20
>Global Deactivation of Radiation
>Feel free to forward this report onto a friend, or another mailing list. =
=20
>Please encourage everyone who shares our interest in Global Deactivation=20
>to visit our website for further information at  <A
>HREF=3D"www.gdr.org">GDR</A>
>  (www.gdr.org)=20
>
>If you have any information that might help in the Deactivation of=20
>Radiation, please send to: <A
>HREF=3D"mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]
>g</A>.  To Subscribe to our free reports, Send your request with the words=
=20
>"Subscribe GDR"  in the subject area to <A HREF=3D"mailto: [e-mail],=
=20
>[e-mail]">Subscribe GDR</A>. Or go directly to the sign up
>section=20
>on GDR.. at  <A HREF=3D"http://www.gdr.org/signup.html">Global Deactivation
>of=20
>Radiation Web Site EMAIL List Signup</A>
>Help spread the need to finding ways to  deactivate radiation.=20
>GDR needs: researchers, volunteers, web designers and funds.=20
>=20
> From:     <A
>HREF=3D"mailto:[e-mail],[e-mail]">[e-mail],=20
>[e-mail] (GDR Researcher Steven L. Wilson, Sr and GDR Founder Fred
>M=20
>Davis)</A>
>
><A HREF=3D"http://www.gdr.org/environment.html">Global Deactivation of=20
>Radiation 3 Cents Long-distance environment savings
></A>http://www.gdr.org/env
>ironment.html=20
>OUR SUPERSTORE  http://www.gdr.org/excel.html
> =20
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty=
 to
eliminate nuclear weapons. =20

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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) World Trade Organization Article
Date: 03 Jan 2000 12:37:39 -0500

Dear Tim,
I think you should talk about the Global War System.  Attached is my paper
which I gave at a panel co-sponsored by Abolition 2000 at the WTO.  Also,
Steve
Staples, who is the convenor of our working group on Military/Corporate
Issues,
and who organized the panel, has a good paper as well.  His email address is
[e-mail] and he might have some additional materials for you.
Also, our panel, The Global War System is on live video at=
 www.tappedinto.com=20
Thanks for doing this.   Alice


THE BIG GUN BEHIND THE GLOBAL WAR MACHINE
NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND SON OF STAR WARS
By Alice Slater


Despite the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War, ten years
ago,
there are still more than 36,000 nuclear weapons on our planet12,000 in the
US;
23,000 in Russiawith about 5,000 bombs in those countries poised at hair
trigger alertready to fire in minutesand arsenals numbering in the hundreds=
 of
bombs in the UK, France, China, and Israelwith something less than that=
 number
in India and Pakistan.=20

In 1970 the nations of the world negotiated the Non-Proliferation=
 Treaty(NPT)
in which a deal was struck that the then five nuclear weapons statesthe US,
Russia, UK, France, and China would give up their nuclear weapons in return
for
a promise from the remaining 181 nations not to acquire them.  India
refused to
agree to this arrangement, arguing that it was discriminatory and that the
better course would be to negotiate for the abolition of nuclear weapons.=20
Pakistan and Israel, following India=92s lead, also refused to sign.  The=
 NPT
required that there be a review and extension conference, 25 years later
and so
in 1995 the countries convened,  and to the dismay of NGOs gathered there,
five
nuclear thugs and their allies beat up the rest of the world to have the NPT
extended indefinitely and unconditionally.  At this point, the Abolition=
 2000
Network was born.  Appalled at the lack of commitment to nuclear=
 disarmament,
more than 65 citizens organizations gathered at the UN from the four
corners of
the globe, and drafted the Abolition Statement which called for immediate
negotiations on a treaty to ban the bomb, just as the world has done for
chemical and biological weapons, to be completed by 2000.

Abolition 2000 also recognized at that time, the inextricable link between
nuclear weapons and nuclear power and we called in our statement for the
creation of an International Sustainable Energy Agency, just as there is
now an
International Atomic Energy Agency enshrined in Article IV of the NPT which
recognizes an =93inalienable right=94 to the peaceful uses of atomic energy.=
  The
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which failed so ignominiously to obtain US
Senate ratification last month, recognizes this =93inextricable link.=94  It
requires the ratification of the 44 nations which have nuclear reactors=
 before
the treaty enters into force.  The drafters of this treaty understood that
every nuclear power plant is a bomb factorywitness India and Pakistan, and
recent statements by a high Japanese official that Japan should exercise its
nuclear weapons option.

Since the formation of Abolition 2000, we participated in a global action
through our email network which supported a boycott of French wine and=
 cheese
when France resumed what was to be a series of eight nuclear tests under the
fragile coral atoll of Mururowa in the South Pacific.  France aborted its=
 test
series after enormous grassroots pressure at the sixth test.  Abolition 2000
went to Tahiti for its annual meeting and adopted the Moorea Declaration
recognizing the enormous suffering of indigenous peoples from the=
 colonialism
of the nuclear age.  Every nuclear test site is on indigenous landand the
costs
to life and health to those downwinders have been grossly unacceptable.
But we
are all downwinders.  The fallout from atmospheric testing, Chernobyl and
Three
Mile Island, the mining, milling and manufacture of nuclear weapons and
nuclear
power has created more than 4,500 contaminated sites in the US alone which=
 may
take 75 years and cost as high as one trillion dollars to =93clean up=94.
Clean up
of toxic plutonium, which remains lethal for over 250,000 years is the wrong
word.  At best, we can only attempt to manage and contain the poisons from
seeping into the air and groundwater and visiting further destruction on the
earth=92s peoplewith a rising cancer epidemic, increased mutations, genetic
damage and other plagues of the nuclear age. =20

Worst of all, we=92re still doing it.  In return for a promise from the US
weapons labs to support the CTBTa promise they reneged on during the CTB
debacle in the Congress last month, the Clinton administration promised the
Dr.
Strangeloves a $4.6 billion program over the next ten years called Stockpile
Stewardship, which is enabling the labs to design new nuclear weapons in
computer simulated virtual reality with the help of so called =93sub-critica=
l=94
testswe=92ve done eight of them since Clinton signed the test ban in=
 1996where
plutonium is shattered in tunnels 1000 feet below the desert floor without
causing a chain reactionwhich Clinton says doesn=92t count as a nuclear=
 test.=20
First he said he didn=92t inhale.  Then he said he didn=92t have sex.  Now=
 he
claims he=92s stopped nuclear tests!!=20

These programs are driven by and feeding the global war machines by
corporations such as Lockheed Martin which manages Sandia national lab, the
engineering adjunct to Los Alamos, and General Electric a leading developer=
 of
nuclear technology.  And Lockheed Martin has played a key role in the tragic
deterioration of US-Russian relations, which is empowering the rusty cold
warriors in Congress to actually increase the military budget by $17=
 billion,
more than even the Pentagon requested this year  swelling their already
bulging
corporate coffers..

The Bush administration promised Gorbachev that if Russia did not oppose the
admission of a reunified Germany into NATO when the Berlin wall crumbled ten
years ago, we would not expand NATO.  Yet the US Committee to Expand NATO,
which lobbied furiously on the Hill to disregard our pledge to Russia, was
chaired by the Vice-President of Lockheed-Martin, working successfully to
expand its lethal market to Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.  NATO=
=92s
50th Anniversary Summit last April was hosted by corporate sponsors,=
 including
Boeing, Raytheon, and the like, who paid up to $250,000 to mingle and peddle
their deadly wares to the 19 Foreign Ministers in attendance.

Russia proposed, in August meetings with US arms control negotiators, that
each
country agree to cut its supply of long-range nuclear bombs from 5,000 down=
 to
1,500 warheads. The Russian offer could give us the opportunity to make a=
 full
accounting of all warheads and provide for early de-alerting of bombs
poised at
hair-trigger readiness, which would considerably ratchet down the nuclear
danger to our planet.

Were the US to follow through on this generous Russian proposal, we would=
 have
an extraordinary opportunity to bring all the nuclear weapons states to the
negotiating table for a treaty to ban the bomb.  The US response has been
appalling.  Seeking to squeeze the final bitter cup of humiliation from
Russia,
which is still smarting from the expansion of NATO up to the Russian border,
the continued unilateral bombing of Iraq without UN approval, and the
unauthorized NATO bombing of Yugoslavia without Security Council sanction,=
 the
Clinton administration persists in demanding that Russia yield to our
corporate-driven scheme to abrogate the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and=
 move
full speed ahead with =93Son of Star Wars=94. =20

The same merchants of death who drove through the provocative expansion of
NATO
are driving the Star Wars revival as well, which is unashamedly proclaimed=
 as
the ultimate enforcer of protection for US corporate interests.  In an
illustration of a laser beam from space zapping a target, the US Space
Command=92s report, Vision for 2020, nakedly trumpets, =93US Space
Commanddominating
the space dimensions of military operations to protect US interests and
investment. Integrating Space Forces into warfighting capabilities across=
 the
full spectrum of conflict=94.  "Vision For 2020" compares the U.S. effort to
"control space" with the effort centuries ago when "nations built navies to
protect and enhance their commercial interests" by ruling the oceans.=20
       =20
General Joseph Ashy, former commander-in-chief of the U.S. Space Command, =
 has
said: "It's politically sensitive, but it's going to happen. Some people=
 don't
want to hear this, and it sure isn't in vogue, but--absolutely--we're going=
 to
fight in space. We're going to fight from space and we're going to fight=
 into
space=85.We will engage terrestrial targets someday-ships, airplanes, land
targets-from space=85.That's why the U.S. has development programs in=
 directed
energy and hit-to-kill mechanisms"   Last year, the U.S. signed a
multi-million
dollar contract for a "Space-Based Laser Readiness Demonstrator." A
promotional
poster shows the laser firing its ray from space, a U.S. flag waving in=
 space
above it.  The Star Wars lobby has been lead by companies like Lockheed
Martin,
Raytheon, Boeing, and TRW who are dividing up billions of dollars in
contracts,
obtained in no small part to the $23million they spent lobbying and $4=
 million
in campaign contribution to a corrupt political process in 1997-98.  The=
 Space
Command=92s Long Range Plan: Executive Summary has a long list of
=93Acknowledgements to Commercial Industry including 48 companies who are
helping
them to =93dominate the military uses of space to protect US interests and
investments.=94

Abolition 2000 has a new Working Group formed, under the leadership of Steve
Staples to address the military-industrial issues. We also work with Bruce
Gagnon's network to prevent the Militarization and nuclearization of space.
The
nuclear sword of Damocles and the plans afoot to dominate space are the=
 seldom
mentioned enforcers of globalization.  Help us rid the world of the big guns
which are the ultimate enforcers of WTO decisions.  Work with us to end the
arms race to the heavens.  Enroll in the Abolition 2000 network.  Support=
 the
distribution of our Model Nuclear Weapons convention, drafted by lawyers,
scientists, and policymakers, and now an official UN document, to your own
government officials.  Sign our petitions.  Pass a resolution in your city. =
=20
=20
And remember, as that old soldier who warned of us of the dangers of the
military-industrial complex, Dwight Eisenhower, said: =93Every gun that is=
 made,
every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a
theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not
clothed.  This world in arms is not spending money alone.  It is spending=
 the
sweat of it laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its
children.=94


WTO   November 28, 1999






At 07:02 PM 01/01/2000 -0500, you wrote:
>Dear Abolitionists:
>
>Debbie Davis of the Davis Enterprise has made me a contributing writer for
>the Enterprise's Op-Ed page.  My first assignment (due Jan. 14) is to write
>an article about the World Trade Organization.  What should I say about
>the WTO?
>
>I would like to interview businesses near my workplace (Mengali's Florist
>at
>611 2nd Street in Davis) about their views on the WTO, and also interview
>local WTO activists.  Who should I interview, and what questions should I
>ask them?
>
>Sincerely,
>
>Timothy Bruening
>1439 Brown Drive
>Davis, CA 95616
>
>
>-
> To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
> with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
> For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
> "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
> =20
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty=
 to
eliminate nuclear weapons. =20

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: Comments on Waste shipments through Native Amer. lands
Date: 03 Jan 2000 12:51:35 -0500

>Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2000 08:51:50 -0500
>Subject: Comments on Waste shipments through Native Amer. lands
>Priority: non-urgent
>X-FC-MachineGenerated: true
>To: [e-mail]
>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>
>NRC is seeking comments on a potential proposed rule for notifying native
>american tribes of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Waste shipments
>through tribal lands.
>information is located at: http://www.nrc.gov/OPA/gmo/nrarcv/99-264.html
>
>SUMMARY: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is considering an
>amendment to its regulations that would require NRC licensees to notify
>Native American Tribes of shipments of certain types of high-level
>radioactive waste, including spent nuclear fuel, prior to transport to
>or across the boundary of Tribal lands. Current NRC regulations require
>advance notification of these shipments to States. In recognition of
>Tribal sovereignty and the need for Tribes to be informed about
>activities that occur on Tribal lands, the NRC seeks to extend these
>regulations to include advance notification of these shipments to
>Federally recognized Native American Tribes. This advance notice of
>proposed rulemaking is issued to invite early input from affected
>parties and the public on the issue of advance notification.
>DATES: The comment period expires March 22, 2000. Comments received
>after this date will be considered if it is practical to do so, but the
>Commission is able to assure consideration only for comments received
>on or before this date.
>ADDRESSES: Mail comments to: The Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
>Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, Attention: Rulemakings and
>Adjudications Staff.
>Hand deliver comments to: 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville,
>
>Does ANA want to do comments?
>
>-M
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) World Trade Organization Comments
Date: 04 Jan 2000 08:08:27 +1100

Good idea Timothy, I would help with that, Helen Caldicott

----- Original Message -----
Sent: Monday, January 03, 2000 7:44 PM


> I have read that GATT, which is now under the World Trade Organization's
> jurisdiction, has a national security exemption, meaning that nations can
> place restrictions on trade to preserve their national security.  Thus
> Canada can subsidize its weapons corporations (in a $30 million program
> announced in October) to develop new weapons (but not civilian aircraft)
> without violating WTO rules.
>
> Would it be possible for the U.S. to defend environmental, public health,
> and worker rights laws by claiming that a clean environment, a healthy
> populace, and high wages are essential for national security?  Could
> developing nations defend protective tariffs by claiming that they need to
> develop domestic industries to protect their national security?
>
> The WTO is a very interesting organization.  Firstly, it has full
executive
> authority over more than 20 international trade related agreements.
> Secondly, it has the ability to strike down any laws that violate WTO
rules
> and compel nations to pass new, WTO compliant laws by imposing penalties
and
> trade sanctions.  For example, the WTO has forced the EPA to change
emission
> rules for gasoline, forced the U.S. to end its ban on imported shrimp
caught
> without Turtle Excluder Devices to save endangered sea turtles, and forced
> the EU to end preferential treatment for bananas grown it former European
> colonies in the Caribbean.  The WTO has also authorized the U.S. to impose
> tariffs against the EU for banning beef grown with hormones.  Thirdly, it
> has judicial powers in the form of a Dispute Settlement Body, which
consists
> of panels of corporate and trade lawyers who preside in secret hearings as
> final judges and arbiters of disputes among WTO members.  This makes the
WTO
> a de facto World Government!
>
> I propose that we push for the creation of a World Disarmament
Organization
> (WDO) with similar powers, so that it can compel nations to disarm
> (including forcing the nuclear nations to get rid of their nukes) and
permit
> on-site inspections.  If 134 nations can cede some of their power over
trade
> to the WTO, surely they can cede some of their sovereignty for the sake of
> ending the threat of nuclear war.
>
> Has anyone considered asking the World Court to rule on whether or not the
> WTO violates international law?
>
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>


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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Tritium in the Ogalala Aquifer
Date: 04 Jan 2000 08:31:48 +1100

It depends where these factories are, but it is probably more likely to be
coming from them with some contribution from fallout, Helen - hope you had
good holidays.

----- Original Message -----
<[e-mail]>; <star:;>
Sent: Tuesday, January 04, 2000 3:47 AM


> Dear Friends,
> New tritium contamination is reported in the Oglala aquifer.  The article
> attributes it to bomb test fall out.  But is there a possibility that it
is
> coming from the DOE Pantex plant at Amarillo, where the warheads are
stored
> and
> which sits on top of the aquifer?  Alice
> >WATER CONTAMINATION SPEEDING INTO HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER
> >
> >OKLAHOMA CITY, Oklahoma, December 15, 1999 (ENS) - Nitrate and tritium
> >concentrations in groundwater samples collected this year by the SGS from
> >the
> >High Plains aquifer in western Oklahoma show that water may be seeping
from
> >the
> >land surface to the water table within the span of a few decades. The
> >finding
> >could affect water users, irrigated agriculture and livestock operations
in
> >the
> >region. Many people had thought that it took hundreds or thousands of
years
> >for
> >water and water borne contaminants to seep down to the water table in the
> >High
> >Plains aquifer. Because there is little rainfall, the water table is
often
> >more
> >than 200 feet below land surface, and sheltered by layers of naturally
> >cemented
> >sand and gravel. The High Plains aquifer is the sole source of drinking
> >water
> >for most residents in the Oklahoma panhandle.
> >
> >The USGS sampled 12 domestic wells built in the aquifer in Oklahoma in
> >early
> >1999. Seven of those water samples had tritium concentrations exceeding
2.5
> >picocuries per liter, indicating seepage from rainfall that fell since
> >1953,
> >when atmospheric testing of hydrogen bombs began. Tritium is an isotope
of
> >hydrogen that is harmless at low concentrations. Water samples collected
> >for
> >the
> >project are being analyzed for ratios of tritium to helium-3 gas or for
> >concentrations of carbon-14 to determine when the ground water fell as
> >rainfall
> >and started seeping toward the water table. This study may modify
previous
> >beliefs about the vulnerability of the High Plains aquifer to
contamination
> >in
> >western Oklahoma.
> >
> >c Environment News Service (ENS) 1999. All Rights Reserved.
> >
> >
> >*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
> >       [e-mail] -- The email list for the
> >            GRACE Factory Farming Project Team
> >        See web site at http://www.factoryfarm.org/
> >
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty
to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
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From: FoE Sydney - Nuclear Campaign <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) PLS SIGN LETTER TO INDIAN PRIME MINISTER RE KOODANKULAM NUCLEAR
Date: 04 Jan 2000 10:24:10 +1000

John Hallam
Friends of the Earth Sydney,
17 Lord Street, Newtown, NSW, Australia, 2042
Fax [phone]  ph (61)(2)9517-3903
[e-mail]
http://homepages.tig.com.au/~foesyd


Please read the following petition on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Project
and sign it if you
agree.  We will be faxing it to the relevant authorities early next week.
You can send your name,
affiliation and other relevant details to any of the following people:

(The Koodankulam Nuclear Power Project is a twin VVER1000 (Russian design)
reactor project, located close to the holy southern tip of india at
Kanyakumari.  The author of the letter some years ago did an analysis of
safety aspects of the VVER1000 design for the K2R4 campaign. The
Koodankulam project is an updated version of this design, which like
western- design reactors, has many many safety problems.
A campaign against the Koodankulam project is gathering strength.)


John Hallam <[e-mail]>
S. P. Udayakumar <[e-mail]>
Harsh Kapoor <[e-mail]>
Thanks for your support!
*****************************************************

TEXT OF LETTER IS BELOW WITH SIGNATURES TO DATE

FROM:

FRIENDS OF THE EARTH SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH NETHERLANDS,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH COSTA- RICA,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH AUSTRIA (GLOBAL 2000)
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH FINLAND, HELSINKI,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH EL SALVADOR,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH UKRAINE,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH GEORGIA/GEORGIA GREENS, TBILSI, GEORGIA,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH SLOVAKIA,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH U.K.,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH DENMARK, COPENHAGEN,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH LITHUANIA/LITHUANIAN GREEN MOVEMENT,
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH CYPRUS
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH MACEDONIA
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH GERMANY (BUND)

SOUTH ASIAN COMMUNITY CENTRE  FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, NAGERCOIL, TAMIL
NADU,
COALITION FOR AN EGALITARIAN AND PLURALISTIC INDIA
INDIAN PEOPLES ASSOCIATION IN NORTH AMERICA
UNDA/OCIC, RNC RD CALCUTTA,
SAH VIKAS SOCIETY, DELHI,
FRIENDS OF NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN,
SOUTH ASIANS AGAINST NUKES,

SDPI, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN,

ECODEFENSE RUSSIA,
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL UNION, RUSSIA,
ANTINUCLEAR CAMPAIGN IN THE EX-USSR,
CENTRE FOR RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY,  RUSSIA,
TOMSK AGENCY FOR BIOCOMPUTERS AND HUMAN ECOLOGY,
NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL CENTRE OF UKRAINE, KIEV,
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL UNION, ODESSA, UKRAINE.,
FOR MOTHER EARTH BELARUS, MINSK, BELARUS,
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL UNION, TURKMENISTAN,
INSTITUTE FOR BIODIVERSITY IN CENTRAL ASIA, TURKMENISTAN,
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT OF MOLDOVA,

GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL, AMSTERDAM,
WORLD INFORMATION SERVICE ON ENERGY, AMSTERDAM,
ZHABA COLLECTIVE, AMSTERDAM,
MDB ENERGY PROJECT, NETH,
FOR MOTHER EARTH NETHERLANDS,

ANTI-ATOM INTERNATIONAL, VIENNA,
UPPER AUSTRIAN PLATFORM AGAINST NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS,
CENTRE FOR ENCOUNTER AND ACTIVE NON-VIOLENCE, BAD ISCHL, AUSTRIA.

HNUTI DUHA, CZECH REPUBLIC,
 BIU - BUERGERINITIATIVE UMWELTSCHUTZ, CZECH REPUBLIC,
CENTRUM ENERGIE, CZECH REPUBLIC,
GREENPEACE FINLAND,
OOA DENMARK,
PEOPLE OF THE EIFFEL AGAINST NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY,
WOMENS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM, FRANCE,
WOMENS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM, GENEVA,
INTERNATIONAL PEACE BUREAU, GENEVA,

DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY CENTRE, NEW ZEALAND,

WORLD COURT PROJECT, LONDON, U.K.,
YOUTH AND STUDENT C.N.D., LONDON, U.K.,
WEST MIDLANDS CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT,
THIRD WORLD FIRST SOCIETY, STRATHCLYDE UNIVERSITY, U.K.,
SWANSEA EARTH ACTION, UNIVERSITY OF SWANSEA, WALES, U.K.,
DROITWITCH EARTHRISE, WORCS, U.K.,
SCOTLAND AGAINST NUCLEAR DUMPING, UK.,
OXFORD UNIVERSITY ONE WORLD GROUP, OXFORD, U.K.,
CENTRE FOR HUMAN ECOLOGY, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND,

CITIZENS NUCLEAR INFORMATION CENTRE, TOKYO, JAPAN.,
GREEN PARTY TAIWAN, TAIPEH, TAIWAN
WORLD FUTURE STUDIES FEDERATION, BACOLOD, PHILLIPINES,

GLOBAL RESOURCE  AND ACTION CENTRE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, N.Y.,
PROPOSITION-1 COMMITTEE, WASHINGTON DC., USA.,
SAVE WARD VALLEY, CALIF, U.S.A.,
THE NUCLEAR RESISTER, U.S.A.,
WASTE NOT, NY, USA.
WASTE ACTION PROJECT, U.S.,
NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE CENTRE, U.S.,
NUCLEAR-FREE NEW YORK,
AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, SAN FRANCISCO, US.,
ALLIANCE FOR NUCLEAR ACCOUNTABILITY, WASHINGTON, USA.,
HUMBOLT ORGANISED FOR PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT, US,
ALLIANCE TO CLOSE INDIAN POINT, NY., US.,
NEW HAMPSHIRE PEACE ACTION,
CITIZENS PROTECTION OHIO
REDWOOD ALLIANCE, CALIFORNIA,
GRANDMOTHERS FOR PEACE INTERNATIONAL,
COALITION FOR NUCLEAR POWER POSTPONEMENT,
COMMITTEE AGAINST PLUTONIUM ECONOMICS, DELAWARE, USA,
GREEN DELAWARE, USA.,
COMMUNITY ORGANISING CENTRE, COLUMBUS, OHIO,
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COALITION OF NATIVE AMERICANS., USA.,
ALLIANCE FOR SURVIVAL, CALIF, U.S.A.,
SOUTHERN COALITION OPPOSING PLUTONIUM ENERGY,
NUCLEAR GUARDIANSHIP PROJECT, BERKLEY, CA., USA.,
LAWYERS COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR POLICY,
WOMENS ACTION FOR NEW DIRECTIONS, MASS., USA.,
PRAIRIE ISLAND COALITION,
CITIZENS PROTECTING OHIO,
SACRED EARTH NETWORK, MASS, USA.,
SHUNDAHAI NETWORK, NEVADA, U.S.,
STOP CASSINI FLYBY,
PEACE ACTION NEW MEXICO,

INTER CHURCH URANIUM COMMITTEE, SASKATOON, CANADA,
NEW GREEN ALLIANCE CANADA,
GREEN PARTY CANADA.,
CANADIAN VOICE OF WOMEN FOR PEACE

ENVIRONMENT CENTRE OF W.A., PERTH, W.A., AUSTRALIA,
NORTHERN TERRITORY ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, DARWIN, NT, AUST,
JABILUKA ACTION GROUP VICTORIA,
PEOPLE FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, NSW., AUSTRALIA,
ARID LANDS ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, ALICE SPRINGS, N.T.,
MINERAL POLICY INSTITUTE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA,

TO:
THE HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER,  A.B. VAJPAYEE,
SOUTH BLOCK  NEW DELHI, 110-004  Fax [phone],

MINATOME RUSSIA, [phone]

DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY,  DR. R. CHIDAMBARAM,
Fax [phone].

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA
FAX [phone],   91-22-556-3350

ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD (AERB)
Fax [phone]

THE HONOURABLE MINISTER FOR POWER AND NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES,
20 SHRAM SHAKTI BHAVAN,  RAFI MARG, NEW DELHI 110-001.  Fax [phone]

THE HONOURABLE CHIEF MINISTER OF TAMIL NADU,
GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT, ST GEORGE FORT, MADRAS,600-005   Fax [phone]

THE HONOURABLE CHIEF MINISTER OF KERALA,
SECRETARIAT,  MAHATMA GANDHI ROAD, THIRUVANATHAPURAM, 625-001.
Fax [phone].

THE HONORURABLE CHIEF MINISTER OF ANDHRA PRADESH
SECRETARIAT BUILDING, HYDERABAD.

RE: KOODANKULAM NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT.

Dear Prime Minister, Minatome, Minister for Energy, Department of Atomic
Energy, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,  and Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh,

The above and undersigned organisations and people express deep concern
over the Indian Government's decision to commission 2 x VVER1000/392
nuclear power plants on the east coast of Southern India at Koodankulam in
Tamil Nadu State.

The reasons for our deep concern are as follows :

1) There are grave and serious unresolved technical and safety questions in
the Russian VVER-1000/392 reactor design chosen for the Koodankulam
project. (discussed below). If these important technical and safety
questions are to be resolved satisfactorily, it would cost an additional US
$ 1-2 billion, in addition to the present cost of US$4billion, (16,000
crores of rupees approximately). It is an undesirable drain of India's hard
- earned revenue. It is sure to affect India's overall development in the
next millennium. Moreover, the decommissioning cost will be not less than
US $5 billion, an avoidable burden on the future generations.

It is essential that the Detailed Project Report now in preparation,  deal
with these problems, and that it be released in full for public comment.

2) Accidents in nuclear power plants can never be ruled out. Unlike
accidents in other engineering fields,  accidents in nuclear power plants
would always be devastating as was the case with the  Chernobyl accident in
the former USSR. The Chernobyl accident affected badly  farm life and
forests in Sweden  over 2000 Km from Chernobyl. An accident in Koodankulam
plant would affect not only the Tamilnadu and Kerala States but also the
entire Indian sub-continent and even  neighbouring Sri Lanka.

The VVER-1000/392 design will be the first of its type any where in the
world. It is nothing but  propaganda to say that VVER-1000/392 design is a
safe and proven design. The control system for this design intended for
India is being developed by Siemens Germany as a new assignment and
Koodankulam will be the testing ground for it. Problems with control
systems and I&C in European VVER plants have been compounded and made worse
by attempts to 'upgrade' those systems with western- designed new systems,
notably from Siemens.

The specific   technical and safety problems of the VVER1000/320 series,
are briefly  outlined in the next paragraphs.  It is clear that DAE and the
NPC and AERB have not considered these problems and it is essential that
they do so.  The Detailed Project report is an appropriate forum in which
to discuss these matters in detail, so that they may be the subject for a
process of public comment.

The NPC has reassured us repeatedly that the design of plant chosen is
'completely safe'.  According to Mr. S. K. Jain, chief engineer of the
Koodankulam project, the Russian reactors are 'extremely safe' and have
'many significant safety enhancement features'.

It may be true that the VVER-1000/392 reactor design that has been chosen
has some advantages over some western- style reactors, and it is true that
the VVER type reactor is not the same as the Chernobyl-type RBMK design.

But the fact is that all reactor designs without exception are inherently
risky. There is no reactor design and no reactor type that presents
acceptable levels of risk for the society as a whole, and the consequences
of any accident will last for hundreds of thousands of years.

It is also the case that the VVER-1000 reactor design has quite specific
safety problems which Mr. Jain's reassurances do nothing to clear up.  The
specific variant of the VVER 1000 design that has been chosen, the
VVER1000/392 design, will be the first of its type anywhere in the world,
and will therefore be a prototype.

This means that India will be building two of a completely  untried reactor
design. The concerns over the collapse of Russian construction
infrastructure outlined above, and the delays and cost overruns in other
VVER projects are not even acknowledged by DAE.
It is essential that these be taken into account.

The VVER-1000/392 reactor design is based on the VVER-1000/320 reactor
design, which has many operating reactors in Russia and Eastern Europe.  A
variety of problems have arisen with attempts to complete and 'upgrade'
these reactors to so-called 'western' nuclear safety standards. While the
commitment by the NPC to the latest international design standards is
laudable, NPC makes no reference to the problems with the VVER1000/320
model which have been indicated in IAEA documentation, especially with
reference to the R4K2 plants. It is not at all clear if adequate design
changes have ben made in the VVER1000/392 design, to deal with these
problems.

These problems are set out by the International Atomic Energy Agency in a
publication known as the 'Issues Book'. According to the Issues Book, these
problems are the following:

*     The possibility that the steel reactor pressure vessel  may become
brittle, due to the effect of neutron bombardment of the steel. This would
make it possible for the vessel to crack open violently during an
emergency. This would probably (according to safety analyses by the US-
DOE) propel the head of the pressure vessel out through the containment
roof, causing a major radioecological catastrophe.

The government, when the detailed project report is done, needs to ask very
detailed and searching questions about steel composition, neutron flux, and
RPV integrity.

Concerns over RPV integrity and embrittlement have surfaced in hearings on
US plant safety in the 1970s,  and again in hearings on plant life
extension in the 1990s.  Concerns over RPV integrity in the VVER1000 plant
design due to a high concentration of nickel in the welds opposite the core
region have been outlined in the IAEA Issues Book  [IAEA-EBP-VVER-05 March
1996p17]

*    - The possibility that control rods may fail to insert properly
during an emergency. This has already occurred at a number of VVER-1000
plants in Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as in French PWR plants.

In many plants in France, costly replacement of the entire control rod
mechanism has had to take place. Failure of the control rods to insert
during an emergency is a serious failure, akin to having no brakes on a
car.

According to the IAEA, Rovno-3 has experienced control rod drop problems
repeatedly. Problems have also been experienced in 1992 at the
Zaphorozhye-1 plant.

*     The possibility that small tubes in the plants steam-generators
may fail, leading to uncontrollable leakage of very highly pressurized and
radioactive primary coolant into the low-pressure secondary system.  This
can lead to a loss of coolant accident with subsequent core meltdown if it
is large, as well as causing damage to other parts of the plant.

This has been a concern with respect to the VVER1000 design since the early
1990s. Steam- generator problems, according to  1992 IAEA workshop, account
for 21% of all VVER1000 outages.

In 1982, half the bolts of the closure head of the steam-generator header
at  Rovno-1 actually sheared off.

*     Problems with instrumentation and control systems and with
properly integrating Western (presumably Siemens) control systems and
Russian components, which have proven very difficult at the Temelin plant
in Czech Republic, accounting for much of the large cost overrun.

*     Problems with the detailed plant layout that have resulted in
there being a particular spot in the plant where main steam-lines cross
with important emergency systems. A main steam-line break such as might be
caused by a big primary to secondary leak, can here result in the main
steam line rupturing, and in turn destroying other essential safety
systems. It is essential that when the DPR for Koodankulam is done that
this issue of design is tackled.

We have outlined a series of specific issues that pertain to VVER-1000
safety.  It does not follow from this that only VVER-1000 reactors or even
only Russian reactors have these kinds of safety problems. These are in
many cases problems that have been recognised for many years in Western
(US, French and German) reactor designs also.  It is simply the case that
safety issues of one sort or another are inherent in ALL nuclear
technology, and all reactor designs.

We would oppose any specific plant design at Koodankulam. No plant type,
and no plant design, is the right design, since all nuclear technology
without exception is inherently unsafe.

3)  VVER1000 projects in Eastern Europe suffer from unreasonable escalating
cost estimates and hence have become the subject of strongest controversy
and opposition. The Temelin nuclear plant in the Czech Republic is
currently three years late in start-up, and the cost escalation is expected
to be over US$1billion (4,000 crores of rupees). According to recent Czech
government reports, it will be at least another 2 years delayed and another
US$1.2billion in cost overrun. It is quite possible that the Temelin VVER
project will collapse. Opposition both at domestic and international level
to the R4K2 project in the Ukraine has also been growing.

4)  The collapse in the Russian nuclear construction infrastructure is even
more a cause for concern.  Most of the best Russian engineers have left the
country, and construction programs for nuclear reactors within Russia have
all come to a grinding halt. It appears that the Department of Atomic
Energy of India has not made a full and correct assessment of these serious
developments and for reasons not known the Government of India is not being
given a full and complete picture of these serious developments which are
bound to reflect in the installation and commissioning of 2000 MW
Koodankulam project.

5) The temperature rise of the sea at Koodankulam is bound to affect
fishing and the discharge of radioactive pollutants into the sea is bound
to damage the health and the environment of the people there. The
experience already gathered shows that while the Madras Atomic Power Plant
at Kalpakam near Madras runs and discharges to sea at its present rated
capacity of 350 MW, the sea water temperature rises from 85 to 140 degrees
F. As a result, the fishermen at Kalpakam are able to catch only dead fish.
More over, the radiation levels mounted from the nuclear waste discharge
has already damaged the health of the people and the environment at
Kalpakam sea coast. If 350 MW could inflict such a damage at Kalpakam, what
would be fate of the fishermen and their environment at Koodankulam when
2000 MW nuclear plant (discharging roughly 6-7,000MwTh into the sea) goes
into operation ? Will it not turn the Tamilnadu coast into killing fields ?

6) The problem of safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel coming out of nuclear
power plants, could not be resolved even by the developed countries. Public
opposition to the construction of nuclear power plants led to abandoning
the plans to construct new nuclear power plants in USA, Canada, UK,
Germany, Sweden, Russia and other countries and it will be unwise for India
not to learn from the experience in these countries which are already
paying a heavy price for cultivating nuclear power to meet their energy
requirements.

7)  The additional fuel processing needed for feeding the Koodankulam
nuclear plant would further pollute the already polluted under-ground water
belt in Hyderabad,  the capital city of Andhra Pradesh. The fuel needed for
all the India's nuclear power plants is processed by the Nuclear Fuel
Complex (NFC) at Hyderabad a land locked city. The present installed
capacity of the ten nuclear rectors in India is 1845 MW. While processing
the fuel for the existing 1845 MW capacity, the NFC is discharging daily
50,000 tons of nuclear waste water and much of this radioactive discharge
has already polluted the under ground water belt upto 10 kilometres radius
around the NFC. The Department of Atomic Energy itself has warned the
people of Ashok Nagar village near NFC not to drink well water. If the
present 1845 MW fuel processing has already polluted the underground water
belt at Hyderabad, what will be the situation at Hyderabad if an additional
2000 MW fuel for Koodankulam is to be processed ? Will it not make
Hyderabad a burial ground ?

8)  India is blessed with rivers. The utilisation of hydro potential of
India is not even 25 percent. By constructing small and medium size
hydro-power plants, one could get not only electrical power but also,
irrigation, drinking water, navigation and fisheries and damage to the
environment will be nil or negligible. On the other hand, the nuclear power
plants  pollute the environment with dangerous nuclear radiation the effect
of which remains for thousands of years threatening all forms of life on
earth. By avoiding the costly Koodankulam project, India could also find
funds for developing alternate sources of energy such as solar, wind and
tidal power.

Therefore, a relevant question is whether any nuclear reactor development
of this kind is in the interests of the Indian people ?

We believe that the interests of the Indian people will be put to total
jeopardy by the Koodankulam project and a public review of the entire
project is urgently needed.

The failure of the NPC, DAE and AERB to consider or even to acknowledge the
safety problems of VVERs in Eastern Europe is a matter that is in urgent
need of correction. These matters must be dealt with in detail in the
detailed project report, which must be made available for public comment in
full.

We call on you to cancel the entire project forthwith.

Yours Sincerely,

S.P. Udayakumar,  South Asian Community Centre for Education and Research,
Nagercoil, TN,
Kamlesh  Pande, Pune , India,
Kashyapa Yapa, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Az, USA.,
Prof. I.K. Shukla, Coalition for An Egalitarian and Pluralistic India,
Satish Kolluri, University of Massachusetts,
Nitin Malhotra, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA., USA.,
Bir Ganguly, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA., USA.,
Kiran Bhadiraju, University of Minnesota, USA.,
Rahul Pandey, IIT Bombay, India.
K.B. Pande, Pune,
John Dayal, India,
Anand Patwardhan, Bombay, India,
Hari P. Sharma, Indian Peoples Association in North America,
Fr. C.M. Paul, President, UNDA/OCIC, RNC Rd, Calcutta,
Prof Ziauddin Sardar, Editor, Futures,
Shubha Chacko, Centre for Education and Documentation, Bangalore, Karnataka,
Jharana Jhaveri, Anurag Singh, Sah Vikas Society, Delhi,
Vidhi Parthasarathy, Friends of Narmada Bachao Andolan, Madison, Wisc,
Harsh Kapoor, South Asians Against Nukes, Combaillaux, France,

Tanveer Ahmad Meer, SDPI, Pakistan (Islamabad)
Shirkat Gah, Lahore Pakistan,

Valdimir Sliviak, Social- Ecological Union,  Russia,
Alisa Nikoulina, Antinuclear Campaign in the Ex-USSR,
Alexandra Koroleva, Baltic Regional Resource Centre of Ecodefense,
Galina Ragouzhina, 'Ecodefense' Russia,
Profesor Alexey Yablokov, Centre for Russian Environmental Policy,
Gennady Andreev, Tomsk Agency for Biocomputers and Human Ecology, Tomsk,
Russia,
Yury Urbanski, National Ecological Centre of Ukraine, Kiev, fx380-44-221-2808.
Alla Shevchuck, Social-Ecological Union, Odessa, Ukraine,
Andrey Zatoka, Chair, Social- Ecological Union/Institute for Biodiversity
in Central Asia, Turkmenistan,
Linas Vainius, Lithuanuan Green Movement, Lithuania,
Ira Lobko, For Mother Earth, Belarus, Minsk, Belarus,
Vladimir Garaba, Environmental Movement of Moldova,

Ben Pearson, Nuclear Campaigner, Greenpeace International, Amsterdam,
Dirk Bannink, World Information Service on Energy,  Amsterdam,
Ophelia Cowell, MDB Energy Project, Netherlands,
Daniel Schwartz, The Zhaba Collective, Amsterdam,
Marjan Willemsen, For Mother Earth, Netherlands,
Josef Puehringer, Anti-Atom International, Vienna, Austria,
Upper Austrian Platform Against Nuclear Power Plants
BIU- Buergerinitiative Umweltschutz, Czech Republic,
Centrum Energie, Czech Republic,
Jan Beranek, Hnuti Duha, Brno, Czech Republic,
Matthias Reichl, Centre for Encounter and Active Non-Violence, Bad Ischl,
Austria,

Dr Karl Lindemann, People of the Eiffel Against Nuclear Technology, Germany,
Reguel Stienbock, Greenpeace Finland,
Pentti Malaska, Futures Research Centre, Helsinki Finland,
Bjorn Hejskov Neilsen, OOA Denmark,
Commander Rob Green, Disarmament and Security Centre, Christchurch, NZ,
World Court Project, London, UK.
Tigger mc Gregor, Youth and Student CND, London., UK.
Jenny Maxwell, West Midlands Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, UK.,
Steve Conn, Strathclyde University, Third World First Society, U.K.,
Kenneth James Moon, Swansea Earth Action, University of Swansea, Wales, U.K.,
Droitwitch Earthrise, Worcs, UK.,
Lorraine Mann, Scotland Against Nuclear Dumping, UK.,
John Manoocheri, Oxford University One World Group, Oxford, UK.,
Kathleen Sullivan, Centre for Human Ecology, Edinburgh, Scotland,
Solange Fernex,Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, France,
Felicity Hill, Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, NY, Geneva,
Cora Weiss, Vice-President, International Peace Bureau, Geneva,
International Peace Action,

Alice Slater, Global Resource and Action Centre for the Environment, NY, US.
Ellen Thomas, Chair, Proposition - One Committee, Washington DC, USA.,
Michel Marriotte, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, US,
Molly Johnson, Save Ward Valley, California, US,
Ellen Connett, Waste-Not, NY, US.
Bill Smirnow, Nuclear- Free New York, NY, USA.
Greg Wingard, Executive Director, Waste Action Project, US.
Sandra Schwartz, American Friends Service Committee, Pacific Mt office, San
Francisco, CA.
Susan Gordon,  Alliance for Nuclear Accountability, Seattle, Washington, USA.
MH Segal, Humboldt Organised for People and the Environment, US,
Barbara Hicknell, Coordinator, Alliance to Close Indian Point, NY., US.
Charmaine Subjec, Air, Water Earth, Arizona.
Sean Donahue, New Hampshire Peace Action,
Susan Alzner and Leigh Lytle, Earth Challenge, US,
Chris Trepal, Earth Day Coalition,
Joe Mirabile, Eco-Bridge, San Francisco,
Alica Mc Combs, President, Earthwins,
Linda Peertz, Safe Energy Communication Council, US,
Susan B. Griffin, Chenengo North Energy Awareness Group, N.Y.,
Pat Birnie, Arizone Safe Energy Coalition, Ariz, US.
Nukewatch USA, Wisconsin,
Harvey Wasserman, Citizens Protection, Ohio,
Michael Welch, Redwood Alliance, California,
Barbara Weidener, Grandmothers for Peace International,
Elfrieda Berryhill, Chair, Coalition for Nuclear Power Postponement,
Bernard J. August, Chair, Committee Against Plutonium Economics, Delaware,
U.S.,
Allan Muller, Director, Green Delaware,
Mark D. Stansbury, Community Organising Centre, Columbus, Ohio,
Grace Thorpe, National Environmental Coalition of Native Americans, USA.,
Marion Pack, Executive Director, Alliance for Survival, California, USA.,
Christine Witowski, Southern Coalition Opposing Plutonium Energy,
Wendy Oser, Nuclear Guardianship Project, Berkley, CA., USA.,
Elizabeth Shafer, Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy.,
Chuck Johnson, Centre for Energy Research, Salem Oregon,
Susan Shaer, Womens Action for New Directions, Mass, USA.,
Bruce A. Drew, Prairie Island Coalition,
Harvey Wasserman, Citizens Protecting Ohio,
Bill Pfeiffer, Sacred Earth Network, Massachusettts, USA,
Reinhard Knutsen, Shundahai Network, Nevada, USA.,
Jonathan Mark, Stop Cassini Flyby,
Beryl Schwartz, Peace Action New Mexico,

Joan Russow, President, Green Party, Canada,
Anne Adelson, Canadian Voice of Women for Peace,
Niel Sinclair, New Green Alliance, Canada,
Marion Penna, ICUC, Saskatoon, Canada,

Irene Bloemink, FOE Netherlands,
John Hallam, Nuclear Campaigner,   Friends of the Earth Sydney,
Gabriel Rivas- Ducca, FOE Costa-Rica,
Briggite Parnigoni, Friends of the Earth Austria (Global 2000).
Jan Kunnas, Chair, Friends of the Earth Finland, Helsinki,
Ricardo Navarro, Friends of the Earth El Salvador (CESTA)
Viktor Khazan, Friends of the Earth Ukraine (Zeleney Zvit) Ukraine,
Linas Vainius, Vice-Chair, Lithuanian Green movement/FOE Lithuania
Manana Kochladze, FOE Georgia/Georgia Greens, Tblisi, fx 995-32-35-16-74.
Juraj Zamkovsky, Friends of the Earth Slovakia, Bratislava,
Rachel Western, Friends of the Earth U.K.,
Laars Skaarup Mainz, Friends of the Earth Denmark, Copenhagen,
Kika Pitsillidou, Friends of the Earth Cyprus, Limassol, Cyprus,
Dr Angelika Zahrnd/Stefan Rostock, Friends of the Earth Germany (BUND)
Daniela Stojanova, Secy, Friends of the Earth Macedonia,


Jabiluka Action Group, Victoria,
Merril Findlay, Imagine The Future Inc, Fitzroy, Aust,
Rowena Skinner, Environment Centre of W.A., Perth, Aust,
Liam Phelan, People for Nuclear Disarmament, NSW., Aust.,
Deborah metters, Arid Lands Environment Centre, Alice Springs, NT, Aust,
Igor O'Neill, Mineral Policy Institute, Sydney, Australia,
Beryl Brugmans, Northern Territory Environment Centre, Darwin, NT., Aust.,

Mika Obayashi, C.N.I.C., Tokyo, Japan.
Green Party Taiwan, Taipei Taiwan,
Tony Stevenson, World Future Studies Federation, Bacolod, Phillipines.,



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "David Crockett Williams" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Unity Foundation GPW2000 support letter
Date: 04 Jan 2000 09:24:28 -0800

Following is the text of a Global Peace Walk support letter from the
President of the Unity Foundation in San Francisco.   A printable copy of
the signed original is posted at
http://www.egroups.com/group/global-peace-walk/200.html as a efax attachment
linked to bar at bottom of that archived post which may be read/printed per
instructions there.

The master working schedule for Global Peace Walk 2000 is posted at
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/schedule.html with hyperlinks in the
text to local area flyers for towns en route of the walk and a link to
detailed route maps whose focus will be refined in the coming days and weeks
as exact details of walk route are confirmed.  The master schedule
information supercedes any conflicts with this route map in progress
syestem.

A selected list of letters and proclamations of support for the walk with
links to the texts of each is at
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/listproc.html

The main Global Peace Walk site is http://www.globalpeacenow.org and an
additional info site is at http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/gpw.html


==========================

UNITY FOUNDATION
Promoting World Peace, Cooperation & Unity for 24 Years

January 1, 2000

To Whom It May Concern

It is my pleasure to write a Letter of Support for Rev. Yusen Yamato and The
Global Peace Walk.

I am the founder and president of Unity Foundation, a non-profit
organization with a 24 year histroy of promoting world peace, cooperation
and unity.  Since 1986, I have had the honor of working with Rev. Yusen
Yamato, a Buddhist Monk and Global Peace Walker, whose tireless efforts to
promote peace have been inspiring and empowering thousands upon thousands of
people around the world, including many thousands who have attended events
which Unity Foundation has produced or co-produced.  These events have
included:  The Celebrations of the 20th and 30th Anniversaries of the Summer
of Love, the Unity'95 Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Founding of
the United Nations, the Amercian Soviet Rock &  Roll Summit, Unity'98
Celebrating Racial Harmony in San Francisco commemorating the one year
anniversary of The President's Initiative on Race, and the 1999 State of The
World Forum's public event --Creating a Culture of Peace for the 21st
Century.  Rev. Yusen Yamato has presented a Peace Ceremony for each of these
special events.

Rev. Yamato has also continually walked for Global Peace since long before
1995, when he conducted The Global Peace Walk from the United Nations in New
York City to San Francisco in commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the
Founding of the United Nations.  He has also led numerous regional Global
Peace Walks.   Beginning on January 15th, of this year 2000, Rev. Yamato
will again walk from San Francisco to the United Nations in New York City,
in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of the Founding of the United
Nations.

Rev. Yusen Yamato is an extraordinary person who has dedicated his life to
creating global peace.  Since the promise of the New Millennium is peace on
Earth, I humbly request your support for the selfless efforts of Rev. Yamato
and The Global Peace Walk.  Through your support you will be helping to make
the promise of peace on Earth in the 21st Century a reality.

Sincerely,

[signed]

Bill McCarthy
Founder and President

744 Treat Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110
phone: [phone]  fax: [phone]  email:  [e-mail]



=========fwd by:

David Crockett Williams  [e-mail]
Outreach & Local Coordinator, Tehachapi CA
Global Peace Walk 2000
http://www.globalpeacenow.org
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/gpw.html

GLOBAL  EMERGENCY  ALERT  RESPONSE
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000

The Vision of Paradise on Earth
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/vision.html

Urge your Congressperson to support H.R. 2545
Global Nuclear Disarmament & Economic Conversion Act
Details & Sample Email:  http://prop1.org/prop1/letter.htm

Easy indexed site to email Congresspeople & Media
http://congress.nw.dc.us/wnd
(copy & paste email letters to media and Congress)

An Agenda for Peace
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/agenda.html



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) NPT: letter to head of state
Date: 04 Jan 2000 22:35:51 -0500

Good letter, Alice, but I think it would help to quote par. E of the ICJ
opinion in full.
                          Peter

ASlater wrote:
>=20
> Dear Friends,
> Here's my letter to my head of state urging him to personally represent=
 the
> US at the NPT.  Hope we can get these out all over the world.  Peace,
> Alice Slater
>=20
>                                              December 30, 1999
>=20
> President Bill Clinton
> BY FAX: [phone]
>=20
> Dear President Clinton,
>=20
> On April 24, 1999, the Non-Proliferation Treaty 2000 Review Conference =
will
> begin its four week meeting in New York at the United Nations.  I urge =
you
> to attend and represent our country at this critical crossroads in the =
new
> millenium for the safety and well being of humanity.  This may be our l=
ast
> opportunity to end the toxic legacy of the nuclear age before the whole
> treaty unravels.
>=20
> The United States, together with Russia, France, UK and China, promised=
 in
> 1968 when the NPT was negotiated, that it would make good faith efforts=
 for
> nuclear disarmament.  Yet today, more than 30 years after the treaty
> entered into force, there are still over 30,000 nuclear weapons on the
> planet, with more than 10,000 in our own country.  Two new countries, I=
ndia
> and Pakistan, have announced their nuclear weapons status.
>=20
> Instead of fulfilling our legal obligations we are contributing to the
> following disturbing developments: the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty wa=
s
> defeated in the Senate, and our weapons labs continue to design and tes=
t
> new nuclear weapons in computer-simulated virtual reality with the help=
 of
> underground =93sub-critical=94 tests at the Nevada test site.  You are =
now
> considering a decision to employ a missile defense system which would
> violate the ABM Treaty.  Russia and China have threatened to become mor=
e
> reliant on their nuclear arsenals because of our willingness to abrogat=
e a
> treaty which was able to stop the build up of nuclear arms for two deca=
des.
> The US Space Command brazenly trumpets its intention for =93dominating =
the
> space dimension of military operations to protect US interests and
> investment.=94
>=20
> The Article VI provision in the NPT that non-nuclear weapons states wou=
ld
> forego the acquisition of nuclear weapons in return for our promise to
> eliminate our nuclear arsenals is being questioned by many nations arou=
nd
> the world given the lack of progress for its fulfillment.  Despite a re=
cent
> World Court ruling that there is an international obligation to conclud=
e
> negotiations on a nuclear weapons convention, our country has blocked
> efforts in various international fora to even discuss nuclear disarmame=
nt.
>=20
>=20
> I urge you to lend your personal attention and whatever talents you can
> bring to bear on the issue at the NPT in April to work with other
> governments to begin negotiations on a treaty to eliminate nuclear weap=
ons.
>   The US public, when polled by Celinda Lake, answered that 87% of us w=
ant
> a treaty to ban the bomb just as we have done for chemical and biologic=
al
> weapons.  And 84% said they would feel safer if no country had nuclear
> weapons including our own.
>=20
> The fate of the earth is in your hands.  Please do not miss this millen=
ium
> opportunity to go down in history as one who dared to do the right thin=
g
> and make the world safe for our children, grandchildren, and future
> generations.
>=20
> Sincerely,
>=20
> Alice Slater
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>=20
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a tre=
aty
> to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>=20
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
> To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the
> account you wish to be subscribed to:
> "[e-mail]"
>=20
> Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.
>=20
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
> At Esurance.com you can buy customized insurance online. Call
> 1-800-926-6012 and complete a quote today to start saving money tomorro=
w
> or just go to
> http://click.egroups.com/1/611/1/_/91925/_/946580956
>=20
> -- Easily schedule meetings and events using the group calendar!
> -- http://www.egroups.com/cal?listname=3Dabolition-caucus&m=3D1
>=20
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>=20
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a tre=
aty to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>=20
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "majordomo@xmission.=
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>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) ACTION ALERT - NPT Review
Date: 04 Jan 2000 22:39:20 -0500

Hi Alice,

It would also help, I think, to suggest to Clinton that ridding the
world of nukes could be the most important part of his "legacy". See
today's article on that subject in the NYT.
                        Peter

ASlater wrote:
>
> Dear Friends,
> In Rebecca Johnson's latest posting of Disarmament Diplomacy, N41, she
> makes an
> excellent recommendation which our Abolition 2000 Network can support.  She
> suggests that the States Parties should be represented by their Heads of
> States
> of Foreign Ministers at during the opening days of the conference which
> begins
> on April 24th to indicate the need for "high level political will" for
> nuclear
> disarmament.  We can begin now to write letters to our heads of states
> urging
> them to demonstrate their commitment to Article VI and its promise of
> nuclear
> disarmament by showing up at the NPT Review in New York and calling for
> immediate negotiations on a treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons.  If our
> Network is able to generate the letters, calls, visits, and special
> contacts to
> Heads of State calling on them not to pass up this once in a millenium
> chance
> to call for negotiations in New York to ban the bomb, we would be keeping
> the
> faith with our original vision of a treaty to be negotiated by the year
> 2000.
> It's still not too late!!   PLEASE POST TO OUR CAUCUS YOUR PROGRESS IN
> HAVING
> YOUR HEAD OF STATE ATTEND THE NPT.  LET'S INSPIRE EACH OTHER!!  Peace,
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty
> to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the
> account you wish to be subscribed to:
> "[e-mail]"
>
> Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> GET $100 IN COUPONS FOR TRYING GATOR!
>
> Grab the Gator! Free software does all the typing for you!
>
> Gator fills in forms and remembers passwords with NO TYPING at
>
> over 100,000 web sites!
> http://click.egroups.com/1/341/1/_/91925/_/946577218
>
> eGroups.com Home: http://www.egroups.com/group/abolition-caucus/
> http://www.egroups.com - Simplifying group communications
>
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Re: Inviting NPT speakers
Date: 04 Jan 2000 23:36:35 -0500

Alice: I would add Kurt Vonnegut, who has written some of the best stuff
on nukes, and Glen Close, who used to be active in PAND (Performers and
Artists for Nuclear Disarmament). I have some acquaintance with both of
them.
                Peter

ASlater wrote:
>
> Dear Friends,
> Here's the list of proposed invitees, collected by email, meetings, etc.
> John Burroughs pointed out that elected officials and royalty should not be
> eligible to represent civil society and if you agree, that would help us to
> whittle the list down.  There are seven people in that category: Clark,
> Roche, Woolsey, Markey, Noor, Talal, Charles.  Hope we can develop a
> process for decision making--but in any event you now have all the info
> that I have.  Peace, Alice Slater
>
> Oscar Arias
> Archbishop Tutu
> Jose Ramos Horta
> Mikhail Gorbachev
> Thich Nhat Hanh
> Nelson Mandela
> Graciela Machel
> Mairead Corrigan Maguire
> Grace Thorpe
> Oren Lyons
> Joseph Rotblat
> Ted Taylor
> Jimmy Carter
> Arundhati Roy
> Helen Caldicott
> Prince Charles
> Paul Newman
> Michael Douglas
> Joanne Woodward
> Martin Sheen
> Warren Beatty
> Susan Sarandon
> Meryl Streep
> Lee Butler
> Admiral Ramdas
> Robert McNamara
> Queen Noor
> Judge Weermanty
> Jonathan Schell
> Lech Walesca
> Jodi Williams
> Marianne Willianson
> Alan Cranston
> Oprah Winfrey
> Barbara Streisand
> Walter Cronkite
> Ted Turner
> Pierce Brosnahan
> Maya Angelou
> Lynne Woolsey
> Ed Markey
> Stanisfield Turner
> The Baldwin Family
> Mayor of Hiroshima
> Mayor of Nagasaki
> Amartya Sen
> Douglas Roche
> Helen Clark
> Rob Green
> Jacqui Katona
> Winona la Duke
> Seamus Heaney
> Wole Solinka
> Miyoko Matsubara
>
> Alice Slater
> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
> New York, NY 10010
> tel:  [phone]
> fax:  [phone]
> email:  [e-mail]
> http://www.gracelinks.org
>
> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) ACTION ALERT - NPT Review
Date: 05 Jan 2000 11:11:19 -0500

Thanks for your feedback Peter.  The point of my letter was to encourage
millions of letters to Heads of State urging them to attend the NPT.  I posted
my letter to Clinton as an example, and what I hoped would be an inspiration
for others.  I hope you will write one also and ask others to do so as
well.  I
did note the "legacy" article in the Times and was appalled at what a paltry
agenda the Times had set for Clinton in the nuclear arena.  I quote: " Among
the unpredictable[problems], though, are his two biggest nuclear
challenges--defusing the India-Pakistan confrontation and taming North
Korea--are both situations that could veer into crisis at any momement."  We
ought to write letters to the Times as well pointing out that the real nuclear
challenge for Clintonis how to take advantage of this millennium
opportunity to
get rid of nukes.  Regards, Alice

At 09:39 PM 01/04/2000 -0500, [e-mail] wrote:
>Hi Alice,
>
>It would also help, I think, to suggest to Clinton that ridding the
>world of nukes could be the most important part of his "legacy". See
>today's article on that subject in the NYT.
>                                                     Peter
>
>ASlater wrote:
>>>
>>> Dear Friends,
>>> In Rebecca Johnson's latest posting of Disarmament Diplomacy, N41, she
>>> makes an
>>> excellent recommendation which our Abolition 2000 Network can support.
>>She
>>> suggests that the States Parties should be represented by their Heads of
>>> States
>>> of Foreign Ministers at during the opening days of the conference which
>>> begins
>>> on April 24th to indicate the need for "high level political will" for
>>> nuclear
>>> disarmament.  We can begin now to write letters to our heads of states
>>> urging
>>> them to demonstrate their commitment to Article VI and its promise of
>>> nuclear
>>> disarmament by showing up at the NPT Review in New York and calling for
>>> immediate negotiations on a treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons.  If our
>>> Network is able to generate the letters, calls, visits, and special
>>> contacts to
>>> Heads of State calling on them not to pass up this once in a millenium
>>> chance
>>> to call for negotiations in New York to ban the bomb, we would be
>>keeping
>>> the
>>> faith with our original vision of a treaty to be negotiated by the year
>>> 2000.
>>> It's still not too late!!   PLEASE POST TO OUR CAUCUS YOUR PROGRESS IN
>>> HAVING
>>> YOUR HEAD OF STATE ATTEND THE NPT.  LET'S INSPIRE EACH OTHER!!  Peace,
>>> Alice Slater
>>> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
>>> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
>>> New York, NY 10010
>>> tel:  [phone]
>>> fax:  [phone]
>>> email:  [e-mail]
>>> http://www.gracelinks.org
>>>
>>> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a
>>treaty
>>> to
>>> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the
>>> account you wish to be subscribed to:
>>> "[e-mail]"
>>>
>>> Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> GET $100 IN COUPONS FOR TRYING GATOR!
>>>
>>> Grab the Gator! Free software does all the typing for you!
>>>
>>> Gator fills in forms and remembers passwords with NO TYPING at
>>>
>>> over 100,000 web sites!
>>> http://click.egroups.com/1/341/1/_/91925/_/946577218
>>>
>>> eGroups.com Home: http://www.egroups.com/group/abolition-caucus/
>>> http://www.egroups.com - Simplifying group communications
>>>
>>> Alice Slater
>>> Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
>>> 15 East 26th Street, Room 915
>>> New York, NY 10010
>>> tel:  [phone]
>>> fax:  [phone]
>>> email:  [e-mail]
>>> http://www.gracelinks.org
>>>
>>> GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a
>>treaty to
>>> eliminate nuclear weapons.
>>>
>>> -
>>>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
>>"[e-mail]"
>>>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>>>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>>>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>
>
>
>-
> To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
> with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
> For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
> "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Trident 2 Condemned in Scotland:Advocate Responds
Date: 06 Jan 2000 13:24:41 -0600

Jumping The Gun

On the cover of Volume 44, Number 11 of November 1999 the Journal of the Law
Society of Scotland ran a banner headline against the backdrop of a Nuclear
Submarine at sea saying 'Verdict on the Trident Case' which gave the clear
impression that the final word of authority in the case of HM Advocate -v-
Zelter & Ors otherwise known as the 'Trident Three' had been handed down.
The 'verdict' was an article by Professor Rebecca M. M. Wallace of Napier
University entitled 'How the 'Trident' sheriff got it wrong'.

My purpose is to demonstrate how professor Wallace committed several
cardinal legal sins. It is submitted firstly that she failed to avail
herself of the facts before making any submission. That would be a fatal
failure of itself but when allied to her second error, of assuming what a
court said rather than waiting for the written judgement, and against that
illusory background going on to 'extrapolate' is akin to the kind of
overkill which Trident is designed to achieve.

Professor Wallace firstly fell into the basic trap which snared the other
academics who appeared on television and the press in those highly charged
few days after Sheriff Gimblett's judgement. None of them was in court for
the month of evidence, or my all-day submission, or the two-hour reading of
Sheriff Gimblett's judgement. The professor makes no mention of either the
charges or the facts of this criminal case anywhere in her article. That
will no doubt be because, not having been in court and at the time of
writing there being no written judgement, she does not know them. For
instance, she makes no mention of the important matters contained in no less
than six Joint Minutes agreed by the prosecution and defence and read out in
open court by the Clerk. Instead she predicates herself by stating that the
Sheriff 'allegedly founded her decision...' (Para 3). The professor then
boldly and entirely wrongly bases her comments in what she assumes to be the
foundation of the defence; namely a 'sincere belief' by the accused that
nuclear weapons are a bad thing (Col 1), that the accused's position was
periled upon the 'moral force' (Col 2) of what they did on 8th June 1999,
leading to the conclusion that all this case amounted to was the 'romantic
martyrdom of a few individuals'. It is just as well that this article was
merely the work of one lesser-known academic, for if it were a real
judgement, it would not only be dangerous but also attract deep shame upon
the good name of Scottish legal analysis.

At an early stage in the Crown Case, Sheriff Gimblett asked me, given the
recent ruling by the High Court in the 'Helen John' case, what the defence
was to be. I began my response by immediately distinguishing that case on
the basis that 'hopes, dreams and even sincere beliefs were no basis for a
defence in a court of criminal law'. Instead what was to be demonstrated by
the defence was an 'objective understanding' of the facts and law
surrounding the deployment of the British Trident Nuclear Submarine Fleet
and its attendant support systems. That would necessarily have to be
established by both the accused themselves and by experts of the very
highest calibre. That having been done, at the end of the defence case, a
submission would be made to the effect that (1) the deployment by HMG of
Trident is in clear violation of international law and thus Scots Law (2) in
the particular circumstances of this case, these accused could be regarded
as having taken all necessary legal steps to bring that violation to the
attention of the legal and political authorities only to be met with
intransigence (3) that in the face of the 'constant danger' posed by Trident
the accused, having done what they could, when they could, to prevent this
ongoing war-crime, had no alternative in the public interest but to exercise
their legal right to prevent that major crime from continuing (4) the
accused were therefor acting wilfully but not maliciously in disarming an
essential part of the support structure for Trident. Professor Wallace will
be inter-alia unaware that the first accused, Angie Zelter, after years of
tireless effort at international level, was, as part of the World Court
Project, amongst those responsible for motivating enough United Nations
Ambassadors to Move the UN to seek the Advisory Opinion of the International
Court of Justice (ICJ) in the first place. As every schoolboy now knows,
that effort was successful.

Secondly, the Professor goes on to approach her legal development in the
same way that her colleagues on television did it, namely backwards. It is
one thing for journalists to focus on the sound-bite term 'World Court' and
to get their 'analysis' entirely the wrong way round. It is quite another
for an (academic) lawyer to do it in print. The proverbial schoolboys knew
from the press two days after the judgement that the submission which
Sheriff Gimblett upheld was based primarily upon clear violation by the
British Government of the Nuremberg Principles and subsequent Charter. In
the present legal climate of 'New Human Rights' it is most noteworthy to
remember that there are certain Old Human Rights which were promulgated for
the highest of reasons and to get the two quite clear.

Article 6 (a) [of the Nuremberg Principles] defines 'Crime Against Peace' as
'planning, preparation, initiating or waging of a war of aggression, or a
war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or
participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any
of the foregoing'

Article 6 (b) defines the term 'War Crime' to include 'murder, ill-treatment
or deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose, of civilian
population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners
of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or
private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or
devastation not justified by military necessity.

Article 6 (c) defines the term 'Crime Against Humanity' to include 'murder,
extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts committed
against any civilian population.' (my emphases)

Following upon the atrocities by the Nazis during the Second World War these
provisions became the core of the founding legal document for the United
Nations, thus forming the basis of protection against annihilation for all
mankind in new World Order. At this point it is worth noting that The
Scotland Act 1998 provides that 'Control of nuclear, biological and chemical
weapons and other weapons of mass destruction' is a reserved matter.
(Reserved Matters - Schedule 5, Part 2, Head L - Miscellaneous, Section L3).
Mass destruction is inter-alia exactly what Article 6 outlaws.



I discussed the subsequent Geneva Conventions and Protocols flowing from the
Nuremberg Principles and which formed part of the material considered by the
ICJ. I thereby led chronologically up to and made certain references within
the ICJ Advisory Opinion but stressed that if the United Nations had never
requested that Opinion the argument which drove the Sheriff to the
inescapable conclusion that the accused were, in the particular
circumstances of this case, Not Guilty of the charges on the Indictment
remained. It is a matter of regret when an author makes legal comment on a
criminal case with no knowledge of the Indictment or the facts and then
relies upon what can be described as a consolidation of the law, namely the
ICJ Opinion, rather than referring to the substantive provisions. That is
not only intellectually reprehensible but is also to conveniently skip the
terms of the most powerful law in the world.



It is submitted that the professor goes further into the mire when she
states, having earlier accepted that all she had to go on was an 'alleged'
foundation for the Sheriff's Opinion, that it is 'important to extrapolate
the conclusions reached by the court in the context of the contemporary
international nuclear debate' (Col 3). It is submitted that such
'extrapolation' is again not only misconceived by being premature but is
also dangerous. The Courts will no doubt ignore her article but as an
academic, certain students, at least within her own department, are likely
to follow what she says, if only to impress in examinations. We await their
articles with apprehension and trust they will not follow careers in the
military.

John Mayer, Advocate




Francis A. Boyle
Law Building
504 E. Pennsylvania Avenue
Champaign, Ill. 61820
217-333-7954 (voice)
217-244-1478 (fax)
[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Can you imagine...
Date: 06 Jan 2000 16:53:06 -0800


Can you imagine working at the following Company?

It has a little over 500 employees with the following statistics:

*29 have been accused of spousal abuse
*7 have been arrested for fraud
*19 have been accused of writing bad checks
*117 have bankrupted at least two businesses
*3 have been arrested for assault
*71 cannot get a credit card due to bad credit
*14 have been arrested on drug-related charges
*8 have been arrested for shoplifting
*21 are current defendants in lawsuits
*In 1998 alone, 84 were stopped for drunk driving

Can you guess which organization this is? Give up?





 It's the 535 members of your United States Congress. The same group that
perpetually cranks out hundreds upon hundreds of new laws designed to keep
the rest of us in line.


Carah Lynn Ong
Coordinator, Abolition 2000
1187 Coast Village Road PMB 121, Suite 1
Santa Barbara CA 93108

Phone [phone]  FAX[phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website http://www.abolition2000.org


Join the Abolition-USA or Abolition-Global Caucus list serve to regularly
receive updates about the Abolition movement.  Both caucus' also provide a
forum for conversation on nuclear-related issues as well as they are used
to post important articles and information pertaining to nuclear abolition.



To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, please do one of the following:

1. Send a message to the list moderator at [e-mail]

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Http://www.egroups.com/list/abolition-caucus/ and submit a membership form.

3. Visit the Abolition 2000 website and submit a membership form.

4. Send an e-mail to:  [e-mail]  (leave the
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail]
Subject: (abolition-usa) Iraq sanctions
Date: 06 Jan 2000 20:59:01 EST

Below is a Human Rights Watch press release regarding Iraq and sanctions. I
send to this list because the use of sanctions, essentially against Iraqi
people, is an important issue in itself, and because how Iraq is treated is
an important precedent for nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. (I
confess to feeling some unease at the spectre, inter alia, of a nuclear-armed
Iraq being used to justify the present sanctions and bombing.) - John
Burroughs

Restructure Iraq Embargo, Try Leaders for War Crimes
(New York, January 5, 2000) In <http://www.hrw.org/press/2000/01/iraq- pr.htm
iraq-ltr.htm>A letter released today Human Rights Watch urged the United
Nations Security Council to tighten controls on Iraq's ability to import
eapons-related goods, but lift most restrictions on non-military trade and
investment in order to address the country's continuing humanitarian crisis.

"The most adamant proponents of comprehensive sanctions have always insisted
that their quarrel is not with the Iraqi people. The time has come to put
these words to the test."

Hanny Megally
Executive Director
Middle East and North Africa Division of Human Rights Watch

In the letter to U.S. Ambassador Richard Holbrooke, the current Security
Council president, and the heads of other delegations, Human Rights Watch also
called for the establishment of an international criminal tribunal to try
Saddam Hussein and other top Iraqi leaders for war crimes and crimes against
humanity.

The letter charged that nearly ten years of a comprehensive embargo, coming on
top of the 1991 Gulf War destruction of much of Iraq's civilian economic
infrastructure, has created a public health emergency which the existing
oil-for-food program and the resolution passed in December do not adequately
address. A memorandum attached to the letter cites field reports by U.N.
agencies and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

"The most adamant proponents of comprehensive sanctions have always insisted
that their quarrel is not with the Iraqi people," said Hanny Megally,
executive director of the Middle East and North Africa division of Human
Rights Watch. "The time has come to put these words to the test."

Prohibitions against imports of a military nature should remain in place, the
group said, as well as end-use monitoring of commodities with military as well
as civilian applications.

The letter points out that no embargo, including the existing one, can ensure
that Iraq does not get access to prohibited materials. It said that Iraq
presently imports without significant restriction goods paid for with foreign
exchange earned mainly from smuggling and remittances. It recommended that the
U.N. offset the government's increased access to export and investment
revenues under these proposed reforms by making all imports liable to
inspection at ports of entry.

"The scale of the crisis and the extent of the impoverishment require more
than food and medicine and some spare parts," said Megally. "Even with the
high
level of funding of oil-for-food in 1999, life-threatening conditions still
prevail. We agree that the Iraqi government bears a large share of the blame.
But Iraq's callous manipulation of the sanctions is part of the reality that
the Security Council has to take into account. Instead of being content to put
all the blame on Baghdad, as the U.S. government continues to do, the Council
has to face up to its own share of the responsibility. Blocking the
government's access to foreign exchange is one thing, but choking the entire
economy to do so puts the burden mostly on ordinary Iraqis."

The letter also urged the Security Council to implement promptly the
recommendations of the "humanitarian panel" it appointed last January. Many of
these were part of the omnibus Iraq sanctions resolution adopted on December
17, but require further action by the Council or the sanctions committee.
"These recommendations should not be treated as bargaining chips to be
implemented only if the Iraqi government cooperates," said Megally. "They are
the least the Security Council must do to fulfill its own humanitarian
obligations."

Human Rights Watch has extensively documented war crimes and atrocities
committed by the Iraqi government, the letter said, and fully supports efforts
to constrain and hold accountable those responsible. The group pressed the
Security Council to establish an international criminal tribunal, like those
already set up for Rwanda and former Yugoslavia, to indict and prosecute Iraqi
officials for whom credible evidence exists of responsibility for such crimes.
The group noted that such a step was entirely warranted on the basis of the
evidence it has uncovered, and would help dispel any suggestion that
addressing Iraq's humanitarian crisis implied leniency toward the government.

Megally noted that half the non-permanent members of the Security Council have
just joined this week, and urged them to promote a fresh approach to the Iraq
crisis.

Human Rights Watch said the Security Council had acknowledged back in 1990 its
obligation to monitor the humanitarian impact of the sanctions, but failed to
follow through. The group said that an impartial humanitarian body or a
special rapporteur should examine the practices of both the Security Council
and the Iraqi government that affect the humanitarian situation in the
country.

Individual letters were also sent to the heads of mission of the other members
of the Security Council.

For more information contact:
Hanny Megally [phone] (New York)
Joe Stork [phone] (Washington)
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH <http://www.hrw.org/index.html>

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Crying over Spilled Milk:Wallace et al:Trident2 Condemned in Scot
Date: 07 Jan 2000 09:09:54 -0600

One of the first big anti-nuclear victories we had in the United States was
People v. Jarka ( April, 1985). There we convinced the judge to instruct the
jury that:"The use or threat of use of nuclear weapons is a war crime or an
attempted war crime because such use would violate international law by
causing unnecessary suffering, failing to distinguish between combatants and
noncombatants and poisoning its targets by radiation." With an instruction
like that it is not surprising that the jury acquitted all the defendants of
mob action and resisting arrest for an anti-nuclear protest before the Great
Lakes Naval Training Center. One of the jurors said that he was so upset by
the Reagan administration's policies that  he was going to go out and
protest himself. These acquittals were  condemned by the entire Criminal Law
Faculty of the University of Chicago Law School. (UC is my NON-alma mater,
AB'71). I told the news media at the time that I did not  give a damn what
these Chicago Law Professors said and that we were going to do it again. We
promptly did it again  in Chicago v. Streeter (May 1985), probably the first
acquittals in the United States for a pure anti-apartheid protest
demonstration--we even made the New York Times on that one. Once again,
these acquittals were  condemned by the Criminal Law Faculty of the
University of Chicago Law School. And once again,I told the news media that
I did not give a damn what those Chicago Law Professors said and that we
were going to do it again. We have been winning these cases by using
international law for the past 15 years. See my Defending Civil Resistance
under International Law.
    The moral of the story? Don't pay the least bit of attention to what
these law professors have to say. Lawyers make the law! Professors can only
write about it. And most law professors I know do not have the courage of
their own convictions.
Francis A. Boyle
Professor of Law
Lawyer

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Thursday, January 06, 2000 5:01 PM


The November edition of The Journal of the Law Society of Scotland carried
an article about the Greenock Trial by Professor Rebecca Wallace. It was
entitled 'How the Trident Sheriff got it wrong'. We will scan this article
and put it on the website as soon as possible.
Meanwhile here is John Mayers reply. You can work out from this what the
original article said.


Jumping The Gun

On the cover of Volume 44, Number 11 of November 1999 the Journal of the
Law Society of Scotland ran a banner headline against the backdrop of a
Nuclear Submarine at sea saying 'Verdict on the Trident Case' which gave
the clear impression that the final word of authority in the case of HM
Advocate -v- Zelter & Ors otherwise known as the 'Trident Three' had been
handed down. The 'verdict' was an article by Professor Rebecca M. M.
Wallace of Napier University entitled 'How the 'Trident' sheriff got it
wrong'.

My purpose is to demonstrate how professor Wallace committed several
cardinal legal sins. It is submitted firstly that she failed to avail
herself of the facts before making any submission. That would be a fatal
failure of itself but when allied to her second error, of assuming what a
court said rather than waiting for the written judgement, and against that
illusory background going on to 'extrapolate' is akin to the kind of
overkill which Trident is designed to achieve.

Professor Wallace firstly fell into the basic trap which snared the other
academics who appeared on television and the press in those highly charged
few days after Sheriff Gimblett's judgement. None of them was in court for
the month of evidence, or my all-day submission, or the two-hour reading of
Sheriff Gimblett's judgement. The professor makes no mention of either the
charges or the facts of this criminal case anywhere in her article. That
will no doubt be because, not having been in court and at the time of
writing there being no written judgement, she does not know them. For
instance, she makes no mention of the important matters contained in no
less than six Joint Minutes agreed by the prosecution and defence and read
out in open court by the Clerk. Instead she predicates herself by stating
that the Sheriff 'allegedly founded her decision...' (Para 3). The professor
then boldly and entirely wrongly bases her comments in what she assumes to
be the foundation of the defence; namely a 'sincere belief' by the accused
that nuclear weapons are a bad thing (Col 1), that the accused's position
was periled upon the 'moral force' (Col 2) of what they did on 8th June
1999, leading to the conclusion that all this case amounted to was the
'romantic martyrdom of a few individuals'. It is just as well that this
article was merely the work of one lesser-known academic, for if it were a
real judgement, it would not only be dangerous but also attract deep shame
upon the good name of Scottish legal analysis.

At an early stage in the Crown Case, Sheriff Gimblett asked me, given the
recent ruling by the High Court in the 'Helen John' case, what the defence
was to be. I began my response by immediately distinguishing that case on
the basis that 'hopes, dreams and even sincere beliefs were no basis for a
defence in a court of criminal law'. Instead what was to be demonstrated by
the defence was an 'objective understanding' of the facts and law
surrounding the deployment of the British Trident Nuclear Submarine Fleet
and its attendant support systems. That would necessarily have to be
established by both the accused themselves and by experts of the very
highest calibre. That having been done, at the end of the defence case, a
submission would be made to the effect that (1) the deployment by HMG of
Trident is in clear violation of international law and thus Scots Law (2)
in the particular circumstances of this case, these accused could be
regarded as having taken all necessary legal steps to bring that violation
to the attention of the legal and political authorities only to be met with
intransigence (3) that in the face of the 'constant danger' posed by
Trident the accused, having done what they could, when they could, to
prevent this ongoing war-crime, had no alternative in the public interest
but to exercise their legal right to prevent that major crime from
continuing (4) the accused were therefor acting wilfully but not
maliciously in disarming an essential part of the support structure for
Trident. Professor Wallace will be inter-alia unaware that the first
accused, Angie Zelter, after years of tireless effort at international
level, was, as part of the World Court Project, amongst those responsible
for motivating enough United Nations Ambassadors to Move the UN to seek the
Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the first
place. As every schoolboy now knows, that effort was successful.

Secondly, the Professor goes on to approach her legal development in the
same way that her colleagues on television did it, namely backwards. It is
one thing for journalists to focus on the sound-bite term 'World Court' and
to get their 'analysis' entirely the wrong way round. It is quite another
for an (academic) lawyer to do it in print. The proverbial schoolboys knew
from the press two days after the judgement that the submission which
Sheriff Gimblett upheld was based primarily upon clear violation by the
British Government of the Nuremberg Principles and subsequent Charter. In
the present legal climate of 'New Human Rights' it is most noteworthy to
remember that there are certain Old Human Rights which were promulgated for
the highest of reasons and to get the two quite clear.

Article 6 (a) [of the Nuremberg Principles] defines 'Crime Against Peace'
as 'planning, preparation, initiating or waging of a war of aggression, or
a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or
participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any
of the foregoing'
    Article 6 (b) defines the term 'War Crime' to include 'murder,
ill-treatment or deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose, of
civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of
prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of
public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or
villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity.
    Article 6 (c) defines the term 'Crime Against Humanity' to include
'murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts
committed against any civilian population.' (my emphases)

Following upon the atrocities by the Nazis during the Second World War
these provisions became the core of the founding legal document for the
United Nations, thus forming the basis of protection against annihilation
for all mankind in new World Order. At this point it is worth noting that
The Scotland Act 1998 provides that 'Control of nuclear, biological and
chemical weapons and other weapons of mass destruction' is a reserved
matter. (Reserved Matters - Schedule 5, Part 2, Head L - Miscellaneous,
Section L3). Mass destruction is inter-alia exactly what Article 6 outlaws.


I discussed the subsequent Geneva Conventions and Protocols flowing from
the Nuremberg Principles and which formed part of the material considered
by the ICJ. I thereby led chronologically up to and made certain references
within the ICJ Advisory Opinion but stressed that if the United Nations had
never requested that Opinion the argument which drove the Sheriff to the
inescapable conclusion that the accused were, in the particular
circumstances of this case, Not Guilty of the charges on the Indictment
remained. It is a matter of regret when an author makes legal comment on a
criminal case with no knowledge of the Indictment or the facts and then
relies upon what can be described as a consolidation of the law, namely the
ICJ Opinion, rather than referring to the substantive provisions. That is
not only intellectually reprehensible but is also to conveniently skip the
terms of the most powerful law in the world.


It is submitted that the professor goes further into the mire when she
states, having earlier accepted that all she had to go on was an 'alleged'
foundation for the Sheriff's Opinion, that it is 'important to extrapolate
the conclusions reached by the court in the context of the contemporary
international nuclear debate' (Col 3). It is submitted that such
'extrapolation' is again not only misconceived by being premature but is
also dangerous. The Courts will no doubt ignore her article but as an
academic, certain students, at least within her own department, are likely
to follow what she says, if only to impress in examinations. We await their
articles with apprehension and trust they will not follow careers in the
military.


John Mayer, Advocate

Trident Ploughshares 2000, 42-46 Bethel Street,
Norwich, Norfolk, NR2 1NR, UK

tel + 44 (0) 1603 611953
fax + 44 (0) 1603 633174
http://www.gn.apc.org/tp2000/

Email :    [e-mail]

Nuclear weapons are immoral, dangerous, polluting, a terrible waste of
resources and were found to be generally illegal by the International Court
of Justice on 8th July 1996.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From:    "John Krehbiel, Jr." <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Radioactive material in Irish Sea
Date: 09 Jan 2000 15:19:25 -0500

The following article appeared in The Irish Times.  Anyone have more
information/thoughts regarding ...
>
>
>                                                                 Saturday, January 8, 2000
>
>
>                            Nuclear material dumped
>                                        in Irish Sea
>
>
>                     By Eamon Timmins
>
>                     Thousands of tonnes of radioactive material which were dumped in the Irish Sea
>                     between 1950 and 1976 pose an extremely low risk to human health and marine
>                     life, a Department of the Marine task force has concluded.
>
>                     The Minister for the Marine and Natural Resources, Dr Woods, said the report
>                     allayed genuine public anxiety about past radioactive dumping and was also a
>                     critical up-to-date assessment of its effects on public health and the marine
>                     environment.
>
>                     The findings have proved controversial, with strong criticism from the Labour
>                     Party and the Greens.
>
>                     The task force of scientists and marine experts was established in 1997 by Dr
>                     Woods, following an admission by the British government that radioactive
>                     material had been dumped at six locations in the Irish Sea.
>
>                     The Green Party TD Mr Trevor Sargent said the report was more of a political
>                     face-saving exercise than a scientific report. "This matter cannot be put to rest
>                     until a full study of the seabed is carried out, rather than relying on water quality
>                     alone," he said.
>
>                     The Green MEP Ms Patricia McKenna said there was no safe level of radiation
>                     and any radioactive discharge constituted a risk, no matter how small. The
>                     report's assertion that the dumping did not constitute a health hazard was simply
>                     irresponsible on the part of a national government supposed to safeguard the
>                     health and well-being of people.
>
>                     Labour's marine spokesman, Mr Michael Bell, said the finding of no health risk
>                     would have to be treated with caution. Repeated independent surveys had
>                     shown alarming levels of radioactivity in the Irish Sea. "Only two years ago the
>                     Radiological Protection Institute found that some radioactive levels along the
>                     east coast were 30 times higher than four years previously," he said.
>
>                     The report does, however, acknowledge that the possibility of this material
>                     resurfacing and being washed ashore could not be discounted.
>
>                     Archive documentation show ed that material was dumped at sites at the
>                     Beaufort Dyke, the Holyhead Deep, Liverpool Bay, Morecambe Bay and in the
>                     Firth of Clyde off Garroch Head and the Isle of Arran. The radioactive material
>                     ranged from contaminated material from Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities,
>                     to industrial waste and material dumped by the Ministry of Defence.
>
>                     On the basis of documentation provided by the British government the task
>                     force, assisted by the Radiological Protection Institute and the Department of
>                     Experimental Physics at UCD, conducted an assessment of the potential
>                     radiological consequences of the dumped material.
>
>                     It concluded that the dumped material did not pose a health hazard. "The task
>                     force is of the view that members of the public have no reason, arising from the
>                     likely effects of this dumping, to be concerned about eating fish caught in the
>                     Irish Sea or the safety of swimming or participating in other water sports and
>                     recreational activities in the Irish Sea, along the Irish coast," the report said.
>
>                     The findings were almost identical to the results of an assessment by the UK
>                     National Radiological Protection Board, published in 1997.
>
>                     The brief of the task force did not extend to explosives and chemical weapons
>                     which were also dumped off the Donegal and Cork coasts. However, it noted
>                     that the Beaufort Dyke was a British and Irish munitions dump and
>                     acknowledged concerns that radioactive material could become dislodged, just
>                     as phosphorous devices dumped in the dyke had washed up on Scottish and
>                     Irish coastlines in 1995 and 1998.
>
>                     The possibility of radioactive material becoming dislodged and resurfacing only
>                     existed in relation to material which was packaged and dumped in containers.
>                     But the chance of this occurring was very unlikely, given the location and depth
>                     at which this material was buried and that most items were dumped in steel
>                     containers encased in concrete, and the small number of items involved.
>
>                     "However, although it appears highly unlikely, the possibility of return of the
>                     dumped material cannot be completely discounted," the report said.
>
>                     The task force did not believe it was necessary or practical to attempt to retrieve
>                     the dumped material. Deliberate movement was likely to present a greater hazard
>                     than the very low risk that it might resurface.
>
>                     The report recommended caution in carrying out works near any of the dump
>                     sites that may disturb the seabed, and advocated a careful assessment of any
>                     potential risks before such works are undertaken. The on-going marine
>                     radioactivity monitoring programme undertaken by the RPII was considered
>                     adequate and no additional monitoring was needed. But the report recommended
>                     that monitoring be maintained at current levels.
>
>                     As part of its investigation the task force also interviewed a former seaman, Mr
>                     Walter Regan, who told The Irish Times in 1998 that from the late 1950s and
>                     early 1960s he dumped barrels of toxic and possibly radioactive waste into the
>                     sea, 60 miles south of Holyhead, when working for the Limerick Steamship
>                     Company. The report noted that, given the bonus payments to sailors, the
>                     cargoes might have been toxic, but the task force could not ascertain if they
>                     were radioactive.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (marylia)
Subject: (abolition-usa) NIF at the New Millennium
Date: 09 Jan 2000 18:58:45 -0800 (PST)

The National Ignition Facility at the New Millennium

by Marylia Kelley
from Tri-Valley CAREs' January 2000 newsletter, Citizen's Watch

As the curtain descends on 1999, we look back at one of Tri-Valley CAREs'
top issues - and we offer you, our readers, this pop quiz on the National
Ignition Facility (NIF) currently under construction at Livermore Lab. Each
of these questions has been covered in prior editions of Citizen's Watch,
and we will send you back issues, fact sheets or a copy of our NIF report
on request.

Here is your test. The NIF is:

(1) a nuclear weapons project?
(2) the largest weapons facility ever to be built at Livermore?
(3) a means to "compensate" weaponeers for the "loss" of underground
nuclear testing?
(4) intended to advance nuclear weapons design capabilities?
(5) a nuclear proliferation risk?
(6) cited by India as a reason for that nation's nuclear tests?
(7) at odds with both the Comprehensive Test Ban and Non-Proliferation treaties?
(8) unneeded for the task of merely maintaining the arsenal?
(9) wildly over budget and behind schedule?
(10) beset by serious underlying technical problems?
(11) under scrutiny from Congress and the Dept. of Energy?
(12) draining funds from civilian science initiatives at the Lab?
(13) a source of more radioactive waste and pollution?
(14) a project that ought to be cancelled?
(15) a focal point for peace activists around the globe?

Answer: all of the above are true.

Still, at year's end, our Congresswoman, Ellen Tauscher, visited the Lab
and vowed to continue supporting NIF, calling it a "have to have" project.
"Technically, NIF is very sound," she opined to reporters.

Energy Secretary Bill Richardson, speaking at a whirlwind, two-hour visit
to  the Lab on Dec. 21,  seemed unwilling to fundamentally rethink the
question of building NIF.  We're (DOE) going to fight the criticism," he
told reporters. "The project is sound, it's just badly managed."

In contrast, the public is neither fooled nor in denial of reality. At the
Dec. 8 public hearing in Livermore on DOE's draft supplemental  review for
the NIF, numerous people spoke clearly and eloquently about the necessity
of stopping the project and choosing instead a future without nuclear
weapons, proliferation and more environmental contamination.

The year's end saw additional detail  come to light regarding NIF's
technical difficulties.

As we reported previously, employees at the three weapons labs say NIF is
suffering severe problems in developing the three necessary laser
components - optics, diagnostics and targets.

At the meeting of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Task Force on NIF,
held in Livermore on Dec. 13, 1999, Lab scientists told the panel they had
not yet found a material out of which to make targets - which are the
BB-sized pellets that will hold the frozen radioactive fuel NIF's laser
beams are supposed to blast into thermonuclear ignition. Three types of
materials, two plastics and a beryllium shell, are being pursued,
scientists said. As yet, while research on targets has gone on for many
years, no target has been perfected, and each material is still presenting
its own unique problems. The Lab scientists proclaimed they are "close" to
developing a target.

Neither have scientists figured out how to load the targets - of whatever
material - into the NIF's reactor vessel. Serious, unresolved problems
exist with alignment and timing.

Further, presentations made to the SEAB Task Force on NIF publicly revealed
some of the problems with diagnostics that workers have discussed with us.
Diagnostics, in sum, are the devices needed for  researchers to understand
what is actually going on in a NIF shot. No diagnostics means no data.

To begin, diagnostics for NIF have not been designed. Lab scientists
postulated they might have a "core package" of diagnostics ready for
"acceptance" by 2003. This would trigger the next phase of diagnostics
development, which would extend from "'04  onwards," according to the Lab's
vugraphs.

None of the costs associated with developing and creating  NIF's
diagnostics are included in the price of the project, Lab scientists
revealed. It is becoming clear that multi-billion dollar NIF  is a bit like
buying a car and finding out the engine and tires are extra.

The Lab struggled to put the best possible face on NIF, insisting  that
everything can be taken care of by  "rebaselining"  NIF to include more
time and money. To underscore their point, the Lab made a lengthy
presentation of  NIF's external reviews. In so doing, Lab scientist Joe
Kilkenny violated a court order obtained by three organizations -- Natural
Resources Defense Council, Tri-Valley CAREs and Western States Legal
Fopundation -- to prohibit the use by DOE or its contractors of a report
prepared by the 1997-98 National Academy of Sciences panel on NIF due to
the biased make up of the panel and its egregious noncompliance with the
Federal Advisory Committee Act. Our attorney is following up.

Note: for more on NIF, visit our website at http://www.igc.org/tvc

Marylia Kelley
Tri-Valley CAREs
(Communities Against a Radioactive Environment)
2582 Old First Street
Livermore, CA USA 94550

<http://www.igc.org/tvc/> - is our web site, please visit us there!

[phone] - is our phone
[phone] - is our fax

Working for peace, justice and a healthy environment since 1983, Tri-Valley
CAREs has been a member of the nation-wide Alliance for Nuclear
Accountability in the U.S. since 1989, and is a co-founding member of the
international Abolition 2000 network for the elimination of nuclear
weapons.



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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (marylia)
Subject: (abolition-usa) Lawsuit Over Livermore Lab Waste
Date: 09 Jan 2000 19:09:58 -0800 (PST)

Dear peace and enviro groups --

Tri-Valley CAREs and Allies File Lawsuit Over Lab Hazardous Waste

by Sally Light, Marylia Kelley and Jackie Cabasso
from Tri-Valley CAREs' January 2000 newsletter, Citizen's Watch

On December 23, 1999, environmentalists filed suit in Alameda County
Superior Court in Oakland against the California state Department of Toxic
Substances Control (DTSC), the Regents of the University of California and
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).

The groups claim that a final permit issued by DTSC earlier this year for
the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to treat hazardous and
radioactive wastes, including the construction and operation of new
facilities, violates the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). CEQA
requires preparation of an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) when a project
may cause significant impacts to the environment and surrounding community.


In the Lab's case, the DTSC inexplicably decided to forego an EIR, and,
instead, to issue a Negative Declaration, which is basically an
unsubstantiated assertion by the state agency that the Lab will not harm
the environment.

Offering a Negative Declaration for something  as complex  as a hazardous
waste facility at a nuclear weapons laboratory is inappropriate and
illegal.  According to the lawsuit, the Livermore Lab certainly has the
potential to cause significant environmental harm.

DOE documents specify that, in 1997, Livermore Lab generated 2,769,600
pounds of hazardous waste and 243,200 pounds of mixed hazardous and
radioactive waste. The Lab also discharges hundreds of thousands of gallons
of wastewater each year into the Livermore municipal sewer system.

Livermore Lab operations and hazardous waste management activities have
resulted in releases of hazardous and radioactive materials into the air,
soil and groundwater - including releases of radioactive tritium,
plutonium, uranium, high explosives and other chemical pollutants like TCE,
PCE, Freon and carbon tetrachloride.

Both the Livermore Lab main site and site 300 are on the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's "Superfund" list of most polluted areas in the nation.


Over the years, numerous Lab workers have been contaminated with
radioactive and hazardous materials. Such exposures continue up to the
present. Last year, a chemist was injured when a temporary waste container
ruptured. This year, a hazardous waste management contractor was sprayed
with a slurry of Radney nickel when the cap on a waste container blew off.

As a regular reader of Citizen's Watch, you may recall other recent
incidents as well: in July of this year, the Lab suffered a uranium waste
fire, in which the material was "glowing and starting to expand," according
to DOE documents. That incident forced the temporary shut down of three
buildings. Also in July, the Lab failed a waste audit conducted by DOE, and
had to suspend all shipments to the Nevada Test Site. Thirty-three
corrective action orders were issued.

According to DTSC records, the agency knew of the Lab's pattern of abuse -
and yet still cut corners to grant the permit without conducting an
environmental review or putting mitigation measures into place.

The three groups bringing the suit -Tri-Valley CAREs, Western States Legal
Foundation, and the San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of Physicians for Social
Responsibility - had filed an administrative appeal earlier this year
asking DTSC to reverse its decision to issue the permit. DTSC  denied the
appeal. This led to the filing of the current lawsuit.

Plaintiffs are represented by attorneys Michael Veiluva, of Alborg, Veiluva
and Cannata, Phyllis Olin of Western States Legal Foundation, and Alan Ramo
and Anne Eng with the Environmental Law and Justice Clinic, Golden Gate
University School of Law.

Stay tuned!


Marylia Kelley
Tri-Valley CAREs
(Communities Against a Radioactive Environment)
2582 Old First Street
Livermore, CA USA 94550

<http://www.igc.org/tvc/> - is our web site, please visit us there!

[phone] - is our phone
[phone] - is our fax

Working for peace, justice and a healthy environment since 1983, Tri-Valley
CAREs has been a member of the nation-wide Alliance for Nuclear
Accountability in the U.S. since 1989, and is a co-founding member of the
international Abolition 2000 network for the elimination of nuclear
weapons.



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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Radioactive material in Irish Sea
Date: 10 Jan 2000 15:15:53 +1100

John, This is a very serious situation, people should NOT be eating the
fish, measurements of isotopes should be done in the fish from these areas,
and probably people should NOT swim in the Irish sea, Helen Caldicott

----- Original Message -----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 7:19 AM


> The following article appeared in The Irish Times.  Anyone have more
> information/thoughts regarding ...
> >
> >
> >
Saturday, January 8, 2000
> >
> >
> >                            Nuclear material dumped
> >                                        in Irish Sea
> >
> >
> >                     By Eamon Timmins
> >
> >                     Thousands of tonnes of radioactive material which
were dumped in the Irish Sea
> >                     between 1950 and 1976 pose an extremely low risk to
human health and marine
> >                     life, a Department of the Marine task force has
concluded.
> >
> >                     The Minister for the Marine and Natural Resources,
Dr Woods, said the report
> >                     allayed genuine public anxiety about past
radioactive dumping and was also a
> >                     critical up-to-date assessment of its effects on
public health and the marine
> >                     environment.
> >
> >                     The findings have proved controversial, with strong
criticism from the Labour
> >                     Party and the Greens.
> >
> >                     The task force of scientists and marine experts was
established in 1997 by Dr
> >                     Woods, following an admission by the British
government that radioactive
> >                     material had been dumped at six locations in the
Irish Sea.
> >
> >                     The Green Party TD Mr Trevor Sargent said the report
was more of a political
> >                     face-saving exercise than a scientific report. "This
matter cannot be put to rest
> >                     until a full study of the seabed is carried out,
rather than relying on water quality
> >                     alone," he said.
> >
> >                     The Green MEP Ms Patricia McKenna said there was no
safe level of radiation
> >                     and any radioactive discharge constituted a risk, no
matter how small. The
> >                     report's assertion that the dumping did not
constitute a health hazard was simply
> >                     irresponsible on the part of a national government
supposed to safeguard the
> >                     health and well-being of people.
> >
> >                     Labour's marine spokesman, Mr Michael Bell, said the
finding of no health risk
> >                     would have to be treated with caution. Repeated
independent surveys had
> >                     shown alarming levels of radioactivity in the Irish
Sea. "Only two years ago the
> >                     Radiological Protection Institute found that some
radioactive levels along the
> >                     east coast were 30 times higher than four years
previously," he said.
> >
> >                     The report does, however, acknowledge that the
possibility of this material
> >                     resurfacing and being washed ashore could not be
discounted.
> >
> >                     Archive documentation show ed that material was
dumped at sites at the
> >                     Beaufort Dyke, the Holyhead Deep, Liverpool Bay,
Morecambe Bay and in the
> >                     Firth of Clyde off Garroch Head and the Isle of
Arran. The radioactive material
> >                     ranged from contaminated material from Glasgow and
Edinburgh Universities,
> >                     to industrial waste and material dumped by the
Ministry of Defence.
> >
> >                     On the basis of documentation provided by the
British government the task
> >                     force, assisted by the Radiological Protection
Institute and the Department of
> >                     Experimental Physics at UCD, conducted an assessment
of the potential
> >                     radiological consequences of the dumped material.
> >
> >                     It concluded that the dumped material did not pose a
health hazard. "The task
> >                     force is of the view that members of the public have
no reason, arising from the
> >                     likely effects of this dumping, to be concerned
about eating fish caught in the
> >                     Irish Sea or the safety of swimming or participating
in other water sports and
> >                     recreational activities in the Irish Sea, along the
Irish coast," the report said.
> >
> >                     The findings were almost identical to the results of
an assessment by the UK
> >                     National Radiological Protection Board, published in
1997.
> >
> >                     The brief of the task force did not extend to
explosives and chemical weapons
> >                     which were also dumped off the Donegal and Cork
coasts. However, it noted
> >                     that the Beaufort Dyke was a British and Irish
munitions dump and
> >                     acknowledged concerns that radioactive material
could become dislodged, just
> >                     as phosphorous devices dumped in the dyke had washed
up on Scottish and
> >                     Irish coastlines in 1995 and 1998.
> >
> >                     The possibility of radioactive material becoming
dislodged and resurfacing only
> >                     existed in relation to material which was packaged
and dumped in containers.
> >                     But the chance of this occurring was very unlikely,
given the location and depth
> >                     at which this material was buried and that most
items were dumped in steel
> >                     containers encased in concrete, and the small number
of items involved.
> >
> >                     "However, although it appears highly unlikely, the
possibility of return of the
> >                     dumped material cannot be completely discounted,"
the report said.
> >
> >                     The task force did not believe it was necessary or
practical to attempt to retrieve
> >                     the dumped material. Deliberate movement was likely
to present a greater hazard
> >                     than the very low risk that it might resurface.
> >
> >                     The report recommended caution in carrying out works
near any of the dump
> >                     sites that may disturb the seabed, and advocated a
careful assessment of any
> >                     potential risks before such works are undertaken.
The on-going marine
> >                     radioactivity monitoring programme undertaken by the
RPII was considered
> >                     adequate and no additional monitoring was needed.
But the report recommended
> >                     that monitoring be maintained at current levels.
> >
> >                     As part of its investigation the task force also
interviewed a former seaman, Mr
> >                     Walter Regan, who told The Irish Times in 1998 that
from the late 1950s and
> >                     early 1960s he dumped barrels of toxic and possibly
radioactive waste into the
> >                     sea, 60 miles south of Holyhead, when working for
the Limerick Steamship
> >                     Company. The report noted that, given the bonus
payments to sailors, the
> >                     cargoes might have been toxic, but the task force
could not ascertain if they
> >                     were radioactive.
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Dr. Strangeloves figuring out nuclear weapons forever
Date: 10 Jan 2000 11:06:15 -0500




 CTS Center for Technical Studies
       on Security, Energy, and Arms Control




The Role of Nuclear Weapons in the Year 2000:
Workshop Publications


Deterrence in the 1990s: What Can The Past Tell Us?
(CTS-26-90)
McGeorge Bundy

Nuclear Weapons in a Changing World
(CTS-10-90)
Albert Carnesale

Proliferation in South Asia After the Kashmir Crisis
(CTS-14-90)
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema

Impact of a Reduced Nuclear Weapons Stockpile on Strategic Stability
(CTS-24-90; UCRL-JC-106901)
Paul Chrzanowski

SDI Performance and START Constraints: Modeling Phase-I Defense Engagements
(CTS-19-90; UCRL-JC-106498)
Chris Cunningham

A Proliferation Containment Strategy
(CTS-20-90)
Lewis Dunn

The Role of Nuclear Weapons in the Year 2000:
Summary of the Workshop Proceedings
(CTS-18-90; UCRL-JC-106361)
Sybil Francis

Limiting U.S. Policy Options to Prevent Nuclear Weapons Proliferation:
The Relevance of Minimum Deterrence
(CTS-17-90)
Robert L. Gallucci

A Shift to Passive Deterrence?
(CTS-21-90)
Patrick J. Garrity

Nuclear Weapons in Europe: Some Thoughts About the Next Ten Years
(CTS-09-90)
Sir Ronald Mason

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy
(CTS-08-90; UCRL-JC-105480)
Michael May

Some Soviet Views on Strategic Stability
(CTS-25-90)
Oleg Prilutsky

Minimum Deterrence
(CTS-13-90)
George Rathjens

Rethinking Nuclear Employment Policy
(CTS-15-90)
Leon Sloss

Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East
(CTS-16-90)
Leonard Spector

The Future of Defense and Technology
(CTS-11-90; UCRL-JC-105925)
Edward Teller

Future Nuclear Weapon Roles and Postures in the Context of an Overall Security
Strategy of Dissuasion
(CTS-22-90)
Richard L. Wagner, Jr.

A Future Targeting Doctrine for U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces
(CTS-23-90)
Dean Wilkening

"Remarks" About Minimum Deterrence
(CTS-12-90)
Herbert F. York

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) wargames from the weapons labs
Date: 10 Jan 2000 11:09:47 -0500

From Don Moniak, editor of
STANDpoint a periodic electronic news and commentary service from
Serious Texans Against Nuclear Dumping, Amarillo, Texas.
806-358-2622.

Mission Creep-labs play war games to protect commercial interests!

One of the headlines in the December 31, 1999 edition of ôThe Prosperity
Timesö read ôChina Seizes U.S. Assets.ö The story told how:

In the first case of expropriation since
China opened to the outside in 1979,
all US investments were nationalized
under the "special" circumstances
clause of the joint venture law.
Government representatives cited: the
deliberate policy of the US in
undermining state industries to foster
the collapse of the "socialist market"
economic structure of the PRC;
espionage and sabotage of recent
PRC Army activities and installations
by "CIA spies" using industrial
ventures as a cover;

The Prosperity Times was a pseudo futuristic tool for participants in the
May 6-8, 1996 conference at the Hyatt Dulles Hotel in Herndon, Virginia
titled ô[e-mail]  Gameö(4) sponsored by the Los Alamos,
Livermore, and Sandia Industrial Advisory Boards, Lockheed Martin, the
University of California, etc. etc. Prosperity Games are a trademarked
enterprise that ôare an outgrowth and adaptation of move/countermove
and seminar War Games.ö

In this particular session, ôThe primary objectives were to explore ways
to optimize the role of the multi disciplinary labs in serving national
missions and needs, explore ways to increase collaboration and
partnerships among government, laboratories, universities, and industry,
and create a network of partnership champions to promote findings and
policy options.ö

Suffice to say, the participants were presented with the Chinese asset
seizure following years of Chinese-American problems regarding Taiwan
and the World Trade Organization. Fortunately, they did manage to avert
the following scenario on December 31, 2001: Chinese Missile Tests off
the Coast of Southern California. That edition of the Prosperity Times
was not distributed.

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail]
Subject: (abolition-usa) LOS ALAMOS ON AUGUST 9TH, AGAIN!
Date: 10 Jan 2000 13:15:20 EST

LANL 2000
Peace Action New Mexico hosted the very successful rally and protest in Los
Alamos last August 9th.  We have been planning for the 2000 rally and civil
disobedience in Los Alamos since that very day!  Help us continue the fight
for the abolition of nuclear weapons.  In 1999, over 400 people confronted
the nuclear weapons machine on the 54th anniversary of the destruction of
Nagasaki at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the belly of the nuclear
weapons beast.  Over 70
people committed civil disobedience on LANL property.  NOW we need to
escalate this critical fight to end the production of these illegal nuclear
weapons of mass destruction.  We hope to attract at least twice the number
that attended last year.

 PLEASE JOIN US  ON AUGUST 9TH. WE NEED YOUR HELP!

 We are dedicated to ending the Nuclear Age.  But, we need YOU and many
hundreds of others to stand with New Mexico communities who suffer the
consequences of nuclear weapons production.
WHAT YOU CAN DO:
 Contact Peace Action New Mexico  505.989.4812 or at [e-mail] and
COMMIT to joining us at Ashley Pond in Los Alamos on August 9, 2000.  Tell
your friends and pass the word!  SEE YOU THERE!


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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "David Crockett Williams" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) -Year2000 Global Peace Walk is coming to the rescue
Date: 10 Jan 2000 10:53:20 -0800

Following is today's updated California brief release about GPW2000 follo=
wed
by website references for more information and recent support letters fro=
m
the Unity Foundation, Abolition 2000, and the Nuclear Age Peace Foundatio=
n.
Also, letters from Coretta Scott King and Mrs. Cesar (Helen) Chavez alrea=
dy
delivered by the first Global Peace Walk to the United Nations in 1995.

By combining walking, running, and relays, this nine month spiritual walk
will have local events in the following California cities during the firs=
t
three weeks of its route to Washington DC and the United Nations:  San
Francisco, San Jose, Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara=
,
Hollywood, Bakersfield, and Tehachapi (including a memorial service at Ce=
sar
Chavez' gravesite at noon on February 4th in La Paz, Keene CA) on the ale=
rt
due to Big Mountain relocation deadline February 1st.  GPW2000 will be
conducting EarthDay2000 event in Taos, New Mexico.


GPW2000 Press Release 10JAN2000:  Contact Trilight 415-863-2084

Global Peace Walk 2000 will take its first step across the country on
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.=92s Birthday from the War Memorial
Building in San Francisco on January 15, 2000 bringing out the prayer of
=93Global Peace Now!=94 as a universal human resolve to spread across the=
 United
States after a 9:00am ceremony with spiritual, community, and governmenta=
l
leaders and the general public.  Sendoff speakers will include
representatives of PeaceQuest, Cesar E. Chavez Foundation, and indigenous
spiritual leader Corbin Harney of Shundahai Network.

    Along the way, the Global Peace Walkers will be carrying petitions,
messages & information to educate & network with people & groups on the
following issues:  Abolition 2000 - A Call to Ban Nuclear Weapons Worldwi=
de;
Protecting our Land & Life & other Environmental & Social issues; Native
American issues (e.g., Leonard Peltier clemency; Big Mountain Dineh
relocation, AZ; Ward Valley nuclear waste dump, CA; Nevada Nuclear Test S=
ite
and Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Dump - Shoshone treaty violations);
Sustainable Global Economy (e.g., Permaculture, Industrial Hemp);
Alternative Healing/Medicine; Medical Marijuana; Global Conflict Resoluti=
on
by Creating a Culture of Peace and a Spiritual United Nations; the World
Thirteen Moon Calendar Change Peace Movement; Peace Pagoda Project; Globa=
l
Peace Zone Project; and Proper Funding for New-Energy Technology Research
and Development; as well as other issues that people bring to us along th=
e
way.

    On October 9, 2000 (Columbus Day), the Global Peace Walk will arrive =
in
Washington DC and bring the petitions and "The Message of Peace=94 to our
governmental leaders.  A "Millennium of Peace Ceremony" will be conducted
then with perhaps over one million people in Washington DC to rededicate =
the
Washington Monument as a Symbol of The Message of Peace.

    The walk will arrive in New York City at the United Nations on Octobe=
r
24th, 2000 (United Nations Day) to deliver the petitions and "The Message=
 of
Peace=94 to our world government leaders, to reaffirm the original princi=
ples
of the United Nations Charter to =93save succeeding generations from the
scourge of war...reaffirm faith in the dignity of human rights=94 to =93l=
ive
together in peace=94, and to help inaugurate the UN Year and Decade of
Creating a Culture of Peace for the 21st Century.

    Since the Global Peace Walk project was initiated in 1995, walking fr=
om
New York City to San Francisco for the United Nations 50th anniversary, t=
he
Global Peace Walk has received many letters and proclamations of support
from religious, political (e.g., mayors and governors), community and
cultural leaders towards the creation of a worldwide Global Peace Zone 20=
00
and these compiled messages will be included in "The Message of Peace"
documentation.

Living On the Globe with All Our Friends
Global Peace NOW!

Homepage:  http://www.globalpeacenow.org

Shundahai Network: http://www.shundahai.org
Big Mountain information:  http://www.solcommunications.com
PeaceQuest:  http://www.worldtrust.org

For printable typeset efax version of main walk flyer see
http://www.egroups.com/group/global-peace-walk/208.html

Master GPW2000 schedule with links to printable local flyers, maps
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/schedule.html

Selected list of letters and proclamations of support linked to texts
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/listproc.html

For a printable typeset of  the opening day flyer you can copy and help
distribute see
http://www.egroups.com/group/global-peace-walk/203.html

Check Global Peace Walk egroup for other printable flyers and general
information about GPW2000 events en route listed by subject at
http://www.egroups.com/group/global-peace-walk

Please subscribe to this list at that website address if you can help as =
a
local or outreach coordinator.

Thanks very much,

David Crockett Williams  [e-mail]
Tehachapi CA local coordinator
Global Peace Walk 2000
http://www.globalpeacenow.org
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/gpw.html

GLOBAL  EMERGENCY  ALERT  RESPONSE
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000

The Vision of Paradise on Earth
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/vision.html

Urge your Congressperson to support H.R. 2545
Global Nuclear Disarmament & Economic Conversion Act
Details & Sample Email:  http://prop1.org/prop1/letter.htm

Easy indexed site to email Congresspeople & Media
http://congress.nw.dc.us/wnd
(copy & paste email letters to media and Congress)

An Agenda for Peace
http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/agenda.html


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http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/unity.html
Unity Foundation Global Peace Walk 2000 support letter

Following is the text of the Global Peace Walk support letter from Bill
McCarthy, President of the Unity Foundation.  A printable copy of the
original signed letter is linked to attachment bar at bottom of this post=
 at
http://www.egroups.com/group/global-peace-walk/207.html


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UNITY FOUNDATION
Promoting World Peace, Cooperation & Unity for 24 Years

January 1, 2000

To Whom It May Concern

It is my pleasure to write a Letter of Support for Rev. Yusen Yamato and =
The
Global Peace Walk.

I am the founder and president of Unity Foundation, a non-profit
organization with a 24 year histroy of promoting world peace, cooperation
and unity.  Since 1986, I have had the honor of working with Rev. Yusen
Yamato, a Buddhist Monk and Global Peace Walker, whose tireless efforts t=
o
promote peace have been inspiring and empowering thousands upon thousands=
 of
people around the world, including many thousands who have attended event=
s
which Unity Foundation has produced or co-produced.  These events have
included:  The Celebrations of the 20th and 30th Anniversaries of the Sum=
mer
of Love, the Unity'95 Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Founding=
 of
the United Nations, the Amercian Soviet Rock &  Roll Summit, Unity'98
Celebrating Racial Harmony in San Francisco commemorating the one year
anniversary of The President's Initiative on Race, and the 1999 State of =
The
World Forum's public event --Creating a Culture of Peace for the 21st
Century.  Rev. Yusen Yamato has presented a Peace Ceremony for each of th=
ese
special events.

Rev. Yamato has also continually walked for Global Peace since long befor=
e
1995, when he conducted The Global Peace Walk from the United Nations in =
New
York City to San Francisco in commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of th=
e
Founding of the United Nations.  He has also led numerous regional Global
Peace Walks.   Beginning on January 15th, of this year 2000, Rev. Yamato
will again walk from San Francisco to the United Nations in New York City=
,
in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of the Founding of the United
Nations.

Rev. Yusen Yamato is an extraordinary person who has dedicated his life t=
o
creating global peace.  Since the promise of the New Millennium is peace =
on
Earth, I humbly request your support for the selfless efforts of Rev. Yam=
ato
and The Global Peace Walk.  Through your support you will be helping to m=
ake
the promise of peace on Earth in the 21st Century a reality.

Sincerely,

[signed]

Bill McCarthy
Founder and President

744 Treat Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110
phone: [phone]  fax: [phone]  email:  [e-mail]

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http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/abolition2000.html
Abolition 2000 Global Peace Walk support letter

Following is the text of the Global Peace Walk 2000 support letter and
message from Carah Ong, Coordinator of Abolition 2000.

A printable copy of the signed original letter is linked from attachment =
bar
at bottom of this post archived at
http://www.angelfire.com/group/global-peace-walk/206.html


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Abolition 2000

PMB 121, 1187 Coast Village Rd., Suite1, Santa Barbara CA 93108-2794
Tel:  [phone],  Fax: [phone],  E-mail: [e-mail]
http://www.abolition2000.org


January 3, 2000

Year 2000 Global Peace Walk
P.O. Box 170245
San Francisco, CA 94117-0245

Dear Friends of Global Peace Walk 2000:

At the dawn of a new century, efforts such as the Global Peace Walk are
necessary if humanity is to achieve a more peaceful and just world.  I
commend you on undertaking this important journey from San Francisco to
Washington, DC and then onto New York.  Your concern for our future and
human life and your vision of a more "United Nations" will surely engage =
the
attention of everyone you come in contact with on your journey.

Thank you for carrying the message of Abolition 2000, the global network
comprised of more than 1420 organizations in 90 countries calling for a
treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons.  At the 1995 Non-Proliferation Treat=
y
Review and Extension Conference where, frustrated by the resolve of the
nculear weapons states to maintain their arsenals, a few activists and
concerned individuas had a vision.  That vision of a more secure and liva=
ble
world, free from the threat of nuclear weapons, was the foundation for th=
e
international movement that became known as the Abolition 2000 network.
Now, more than ever before, the work of Aboliton 2000 is vital to ensure =
a
more secure and livable world for our children, grandchildren and all fut=
ure
generations.  We cannot succeed without your help.

At our Annual General Meeting held at the Hague Appeal for Peace in May
1999, we agreed that the year 2000 poses a critical challenge for the
Network.  To preserve the integrity of the Abolition 2000 name and to
continue the vital work of the Global network, members have committed to
increasing Network membership to at least 2000 organizations by the start=
 of
the Non-Proliferation Treaty Conference in April.  We will also make
Abolition 2000 attendance and presence known at the NPT conference.  Than=
k
you for helping make the number of supporting groups climb to over 2,000 =
by
joining us in our endeavors!

Thank you again for undertaking this journey to raise concern for our fut=
ure
and develop a "Spiritual United Nations."   My best wishes to you for a s=
afe
and healthy trip.

In Peace,

[signed]

Carah Ong
Coordinator

A Global Network to eliminate nuclear weapons supported by citizen groups=
,
political leaders, religious leaders, professional associations, colleges
and universities, nobel laureates, retired miltary leaders, and
municipalities

A secure and livable world for our children and grandchildren requires th=
e
elimination of nuclear weapons and the redress of environmental degredati=
on
and human suffering -- the legacy of more than fifty years of nuclear
testing and production.

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http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/napf.html
Nuclear Age Peace Foundation support letter

Following is the text of the Global Peace Walk support letter and message
from David Krieger, President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. A
printable copy of the signed original is linked to attachment bar at bott=
om
of this post archived at
http://www.angelfire.com/group/global-peace-walk/205.html


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Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

December 21, 1999

Year 2000 Global Peace Walk
P.O. Box 170245
San Francisco, CA 94117-0245

Dear Participants in the Year 2000 Global Peace Walk:

Congratulations on undertaking this journey for peace across the United
States. Your walk is taking place on the edge of a new millennium and I
trust it will be part of a transformation that will bring us a more peace=
ful
future.

As you may know, Abolition 2000 was born in 1995 at the Non-Proliferation
Treaty Review and Extension Conference. The Abolition 2000 Statement call=
s
for a treaty by the end of the year 2000 that sets forth a plan for the
global elimination of nuclear weapons. This treaty, as well as steps to e=
nd
the nuclear threat, such as de-alerting nuclear arsenals and de-coupling
warheads from delivery vehicles, are essential to ensuring a more secure
future for humanity. I hope that you will educate and advocate the goals =
of
Abolition 2000 as you walk across this land.

You will do a great service to humanity by awakening peole you encounter =
on
your journey to the need for our government to take a leadership role to
achieve a nuclear weapons free world.

I commend you for your efforts and vision and wish you a safe and healthy
journey on behalf of humanity.

Sincerely,

David Krieger
President

1187 Coast Village Road, Suite 121 - Santa Barbara CA 93108-2794
805-965-3443, fax [phone], e-mail: [e-mail]
http://www.wagingpeace.org


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=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Among the support letters/messages received by the initiating route of
Global Peace Walk from New York to San Francisco in 1995 compiled and han=
d
delivered to the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Octo=
ber
26, 1995, was President Clintons UN 50th anniversary message and the
following letters from the widows of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Ces=
ar
Chavez.


http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/king.html
Coretta Scott King support letter of 1995

Following is the text of the support letter for the Global Peace Walk
Project from The Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social
Change, Inc., by Coretta Scott King, which was among the many such messag=
es
compiled and hand delivered to the President of the General Assembly of t=
he
United Nations at an NGO conference there on disarmament, October 26, 199=
5.

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THE KING CENTER

CORETTA SCOTT KING
Chair, President and
Chief Executive Officer

January 11, 1995

fax:  [phone]

To the United Nations 50th Anniversary Global Peace Walk '95:

I write express my warmest greetings and encouragement to all of the good
people who are taking part in the United Nations 50th Anniversary Global
Peace Walk '95 as you gather in observance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s
birthday anniversary.

The theme for the 1995 King holiday observance is "Kingian Nonviolence in
Action: Empowering Future Generations to Serve."  The theme underscores t=
he
vital importance of community services in the spirit of Martin Luther Kin=
g,
Jr.  It also reflects the critical need to educate and and train young
people in Dr. King's teachings to prepare them to become effective agents=
 of
nonviolence conflict-resolution and social change.

In keeping with this vision, the King Center has trained thousands of peo=
ple
from all walks of life and many nations to apply Dr. King's philosophy an=
d
methods of nonviolent conflict-resolution and social change.  With your
support, we will be able to expand our training programs and reach millio=
ns
of new activists around the world, who are dedicated to creating a global
community of peace with justice.

It is gratifying that the United Nations 50th Anniversary Global Peace Wa=
lk
'95 is committed to working for the realization of my husband's dream for=
 a
beloved world community.  The great work you are doing is an inspiration =
to
all of the King Center family.

In closing, I wish you the best for a joyful observance and I look forwar=
d
to hearing of your continued success.

Sincerely,

[signed]

Coretta Scott King


The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc.
449 Auburn Ave., NE  -- Atlanta, GA 30312-1590 -- [phone]
Fax:  [phone]

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http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/cesar.html
Cesar Chavez Foundation Global Peace Walk support letter 1995

Following is the text of the support letter received by the widow of Cesa=
r
Chavez on the occasion of the Global Peace Walk's initiating route in 199=
5
from New York to San Francisco having the honor of the hospitality of the
UFW and Cesar E. Chavez Foundation community called La Paz, in Keene,
California in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills between Tehachapi and
Bakersfield, California, the final resting place of this widely beloved
California champion of nonviolence and social justice, La Paz, The Peace.

The below letter was among those hand delivered to the President of the
United Nations General Assembly at an NGO conference at the UN on October
26, 1995.


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CESAR E. CHAVEZ FOUNDATION

PO Box 62, Keene, CA 93531, Phone [phone], Fax [phone]


7 June 1995

Dear Rev. Yusen Yamato,

I want to thank you and all of the supporters and participants in the Glo=
bal
Peace March for honoring us and for honoring Cesar's legacy by visiting a=
nd
praying at his grave site here at La Paz.

We all must make a commitment to work for peace and for justice in our
world.  Your efforts demonstrate to the word, and remind us all here at L=
a
Paz, that there is much work to be done.  You will never know the true
magnitude of the positive effects your march is havign on the many
communities you have visited and will visit while on your journey.

You and the participants of the Global Peace Now march are leading us all=
 by
standing up and taking the right steps -- the steps towards peace and
justice for everyone.  As you leave La Paz to continue on this march down
the road to justice and to sanity, I want you to know that you carry with
you my blessings and prayers, in the spirit of my husband, Cesar E. Chave=
z.

Si Se Puede!

[signed]

Helen F. Chavez


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-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: [mil-corp] US Pres. candidates on missile defence
Date: 10 Jan 2000 14:54:36 -0500

>Date: Sun, 09 Jan 2000 15:05:18 -0500
>Subject: [mil-corp] US Pres. candidates on missile defence
>To: [e-mail]
>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>
>Network members:
>
>There is little resistance to Ballistic Missile Defence in the US
>Presidential race. As Bill Hartung has pointed out - this is likely because
>U.S. weapons corporations stand to receive more than $30 billion in
>contracts even if a modest system is built. The corporations have in turn
>given millions in campaign donations to both Democrats and Republicans.
>
>Steve Staples
>
>*******************
>
>January 9, 2000
>
>Candidates Thoughts on Missiles
>
>Filed at 12:34 p.m. EST
>
>By The Associated Press
>
>Three days a week, The Associated Press asks the major  presidential
>candidates a question on the issues. Today's question and the  responses:
>
>Missile Defense
>
>Does America need a national missile defense system to defend  itself
>against nuclear attack?
>
>Democrats:
>
>Bill Bradley: ``A national missile defense system has not been  adequately
>tested, so it's too soon to say that it is an effective way to  defend
>America against nuclear attack. Even if it is shown to be both  technically
>feasible and strategically desirable, a NMD cannot defend America  against
>nuclear attacks delivered by other means, for example in a  terrorist's
>suitcase. In any case, arms control and diplomatic pressure may  be more
>effective in reducing the possibility of a nuclear attack, and the  United
>States should continue to rely primarily on the threat of nuclear
>retaliation to deter nuclear attacks.''
>
>Al Gore: ``The decision to proceed toward deployment of a  national missile
>defense system needs to be based on: 1. the level of our  confidence in the
>technology; 2. its impact on our ability to protect arms  control; 3. an
>assessment of the cost; and 4. an evaluation of the threat. As  President,
>I would be willing to consider changes to the Anti-Ballistic  Missile
>Treaty restricting missile deployment and even abandoning the treaty  if
>the United States was seriously threatened by a missile attack from a
>'rogue' nation.''
>
>Reform:
>
>Pat Buchanan: ``Yes. The U.S. must not allow a 30-year-old ABM  treaty,
>with a defunct Soviet Union, to prevent us from defending our people  from
>a nuclear missile attack. Test a ballistic missile defense until it works;
>then build  it, without apology. U.S. security is paramount.''
>
>Republicans:
>
>Gary Bauer: ``As one of my first acts in office, I will order  deployment
>of a strategic missile defense to begin defending the American  people
>against nuclear attacks.''
>
>George W. Bush: ``Yes. At the earliest possible date, my  administration
>will deploy anti-ballistic missile systems, both theater and  national, to
>guard America and our allies against attack and blackmail. I  will work to
>persuade Russia that it is in both our nations' best interests  to amend
>the anti-ballistic missile treaty to allow these defense systems to
>protect our people from rogue attacks. If Russia refuses, we will withdraw
>from the treaty. The President of the United States has a solemn obligation
> to protect the American people and our allies from nuclear attack.''
>
>Steve Forbes: ``We could construct viable missile defense  systems for
>ourselves and our allies in Europe, Israel, Japan, Taiwan, and  South Korea
>-- to name a few -- by integrating new missile defense  innovations with
>existing technologies on the Navy's Aegis cruisers. American  taxpayers
>have already invested some $50 billion in missile defense research.
>Experts believe it would take less than $10 billion to finish the job.''
>
>Orrin Hatch: ``Yes. Beginning with my support of Ronald  Reagan's Strategic
>Defense Initiative, I have consistently and without  exception supported or
>co-sponsored every congressional initiative to  research, fund and deploy
>at the soonest possible time a theater missile  defense of the United
>States.''
>
>Alan Keyes: ``Yes.''
>
>John McCain: ``Yes. I believe the American people can and must  be
>protected from the possibility of a missile attack on our soil. Recent
>reports of successful tests of a missile defense system demonstrate that
>such  a system can work. I supported legislation stating that it should be
>the  policy of the United States to build a national missile defense system
>as soon as technologically possible. As  President, I would make the
>deployment of a national missile defense system,  as well as defense
>systems for our Armed Forces deployed overseas, one of my  highest
>priorities.''
>
>
>
>
>____________________________________________________________________
>International Network on Disarmament and Globalization
>405-825 Granville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1K9 CANADA
>tel: [phone]    fax: [phone]
>[e-mail]  www.indg.org
>
>To subscribe to the e-mail list, send an e-mail to
>mailto:[e-mail]
>SUBSCRIBE mil-corp "FirstName LastName" <[e-mail]>
>as the first and only line in the message body.
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Dr. Strangelove articles
Date: 10 Jan 2000 18:01:06 -0500

Dear Friends,
Earlier today I posted the webpage listing sites for papers about what the
weapons labs are up to.  I neglected to include the original link which is
listed below if you want to catch up with our Dr. Strangeloves.  Alice
(1) The entire series of papers presented at this workshop can be found
at http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/toc/218126_toc.html

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Dr. Strangelove articles:LA DUNNed on proliferation
Date: 10 Jan 2000 17:20:32 -0600

Yes. L.A. Dr Strangelove Dunn is still cranking away on proliferation. He
was the Reagan Administration's Special Assistant for Nuclear Affairs in the
State Department, having written a book, Controlling the Bomb, which I
reviewed for the American Journal of International Law and Power, Volume 77,
p. 981 (1983):"This book begins with a superficial presentation of the
historical progression of nuclear weapons proliferation since 1945....Some
of his concluding policy recommendations can be read to provide
justification for the Reagan administration's dismantling of President
Carter's strict antiproliferation regime and its replacement by the
promiscuous philosophy of America becoming a 'reliable supplier' of nuclear
knowledge, training, technology, materials, and expertise--in other words, a
reliable proliferator. The author cleverly manipulates nonproliferation
arguments to criticize progressive developments in the field of nuclear arms
control: proposals for a US no first use pledge, for a comprehensive test
ban treaty, and for large reductions in US strategic nuclear forces; and the
lack of European popular support for deployment of NATO's new theater
nuclear weapons. Certainly, the greatest preventive to further nuclear
proliferation would be a massive reduction in both US and Soviet nuclear
weapons inventories. Yet the author does not even address the fundamental
question of whether any nonproliferation regime can ultimately succeed
unless and until the two superpowers take seriously their obligations under
Article 6 of the Non-Proliferation Treaty...The book is worth reading for
the insight it may provide into what the Reagan administration's otherwise
nebulous proliferation policies are or could become...."

Plus ca change, plus ca reste la meme chose.

The only reason that blistering attack on the Reagan administration made it
into the American Journal of International Law and Power was that at the
time the Book Review Editor, the late and great Leo Gross, was a good friend
of mine. The AJIL&Power is a propaganda mouthpiece for the State Department.
And the American Society of International Law and Power is not much more
than a front organization for the State Department. For documentation  on
this point, you can read my new book, Foundations of World Order (Duke
Press:1999).
fab


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:01 PM


Dear Friends,
Earlier today I posted the webpage listing sites for papers about what the
weapons labs are up to.  I neglected to include the original link which is
listed below if you want to catch up with our Dr. Strangeloves.  Alice
(1) The entire series of papers presented at this workshop can be found
at http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/toc/218126_toc.html

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty
to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the account
you wish to be subscribed to: "[e-mail]"

Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.

For the fastest and easiest way to backup your files and, access them from
anywhere. Try @backup Free for 30 days.  Click here for a chance to win a
digital camera.
http://click.egroups.com/1/337/1/_/91925/_/947545422/

-- Talk to your group with your own voice!
-- http://www.egroups.com/VoiceChatPage?listName=abolition-caucus&m=1


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) PS: Dr. Strangelove articles:LA DUNNed on proliferation
Date: 10 Jan 2000 17:35:02 -0600

For the record, the American Journal of International Law and Power recently
published a piece of State Department Propaganda by Matthew Mattheson
directed against the ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or
Use of Nuclear Weapons. Mattheson was the State Department's Assistant Legal
Advisor handling the US ICJ argument in favor of nuclear weapons. When the
Assistant US Attorney tried to get Mattheson's article  admitted into
evidence during the prosecution of the Gods of Metal Plowshares a year ago
in order to counteract my expert opinion and testimony on the World Court's
Advisory Opinion, we got it excluded from evidence, basically arguing that
it was nothing more than State Department Propaganda. They could not even
pass the Federal Rules of Evidence. But of course it was THE LEAD article in
the American Journal of International Law and Power. Indeed, if I remember
correctly, Mattheson might have been on their Board at the time. He still
sits on it--confirming once again that AJIL&Power is nothing more than a
propaganda mouthpiece for the US State Department.
fab

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:21 PM
proliferation


Yes. L.A. Dr Strangelove Dunn is still cranking away on proliferation. He
was the Reagan Administration's Special Assistant for Nuclear Affairs in the
State Department, having written a book, Controlling the Bomb, which I
reviewed for the American Journal of International Law and Power, Volume 77,
p. 981 (1983):"This book begins with a superficial presentation of the
historical progression of nuclear weapons proliferation since 1945....Some
of his concluding policy recommendations can be read to provide
justification for the Reagan administration's dismantling of President
Carter's strict antiproliferation regime and its replacement by the
promiscuous philosophy of America becoming a 'reliable supplier' of nuclear
knowledge, training, technology, materials, and expertise--in other words, a
reliable proliferator. The author cleverly manipulates nonproliferation
arguments to criticize progressive developments in the field of nuclear arms
control: proposals for a US no first use pledge, for a comprehensive test
ban treaty, and for large reductions in US strategic nuclear forces; and the
lack of European popular support for deployment of NATO's new theater
nuclear weapons. Certainly, the greatest preventive to further nuclear
proliferation would be a massive reduction in both US and Soviet nuclear
weapons inventories. Yet the author does not even address the fundamental
question of whether any nonproliferation regime can ultimately succeed
unless and until the two superpowers take seriously their obligations under
Article 6 of the Non-Proliferation Treaty...The book is worth reading for
the insight it may provide into what the Reagan administration's otherwise
nebulous proliferation policies are or could become...."

Plus ca change, plus ca reste la meme chose.

The only reason that blistering attack on the Reagan administration made it
into the American Journal of International Law and Power was that at the
time the Book Review Editor, the late and great Leo Gross, was a good friend
of mine. The AJIL&Power is a propaganda mouthpiece for the State Department.
And the American Society of International Law and Power is not much more
than a front organization for the State Department. For documentation  on
this point, you can read my new book, Foundations of World Order (Duke
Press:1999).
fab


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:01 PM


Dear Friends,
Earlier today I posted the webpage listing sites for papers about what the
weapons labs are up to.  I neglected to include the original link which is
listed below if you want to catch up with our Dr. Strangeloves.  Alice
(1) The entire series of papers presented at this workshop can be found
at http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/toc/218126_toc.html

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty
to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the account
you wish to be subscribed to: "[e-mail]"

Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) LOS ALAMOS ON AUGUST 9TH, AGAIN!
Date: 11 Jan 2000 13:17:17 +1100

Peggy, I don't know where I will be on August 9th, Love Helen Caldicott

----- Original Message -----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 5:15 AM


> LANL 2000
> Peace Action New Mexico hosted the very successful rally and protest in
Los
> Alamos last August 9th.  We have been planning for the 2000 rally and
civil
> disobedience in Los Alamos since that very day!  Help us continue the
fight
> for the abolition of nuclear weapons.  In 1999, over 400 people confronted
> the nuclear weapons machine on the 54th anniversary of the destruction of
> Nagasaki at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the belly of the
nuclear
> weapons beast.  Over 70
> people committed civil disobedience on LANL property.  NOW we need to
> escalate this critical fight to end the production of these illegal
nuclear
> weapons of mass destruction.  We hope to attract at least twice the number
> that attended last year.
>
>  PLEASE JOIN US  ON AUGUST 9TH. WE NEED YOUR HELP!
>
>  We are dedicated to ending the Nuclear Age.  But, we need YOU and many
> hundreds of others to stand with New Mexico communities who suffer the
> consequences of nuclear weapons production.
> WHAT YOU CAN DO:
>  Contact Peace Action New Mexico  505.989.4812 or at [e-mail]
and
> COMMIT to joining us at Ashley Pond in Los Alamos on August 9, 2000.  Tell
> your friends and pass the word!  SEE YOU THERE!
>
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
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>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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>


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Dr Strangelove's Lawyers:Am.Soc.Int.L&Power
Date: 11 Jan 2000 09:31:30 -0600

On the subject of Dr. Strangelove (a movie I still enjoy),back in the Fall
of 1987,I submitted a proposal to the Program Committee for the Annual
Convention of the American Society of International Law and Power to
organize and chair a panel on litigating international law on behalf of
anti-nuclear protesters. Since the ASIL&Power is a front organization for
the State Department, my proposal produced enormous opposition on the
Program Committee. After a lot of wrangling back and forth, they eventually
decided to permit the panel but informed me that I could not Chair it.Of
course the American Society of International Law and Power did not wish to
dignify me with that august title. I decided to swallow my pride and work
with what they gave me. I invited Mr. Martin Hird to speak about the White
House Anti-Nuclear Protest that he had just been prosecuted for by the US
Federal Government, and his lawyer, Lynn Burnaby, Esq. of Washington DC.This
was probably the first time a "convicted criminal" had ever spoken at the
Convention of the American Society of International Law and Power. I had
Ramsey Clark come down from New York to discuss defending Plowshares
Resisters by using international law.  I invited Avigdor Feldman to come and
discuss the defense of Mordechai Vanunu by using international law. I also
invited Mr. David Wright, Esq. of Canada to come down and discuss how they
litigate international law in anti-nuclear protest cases up there. Since I
was involved in all these matters, I had a few words to say as well, but not
as Chair of the Panel.
    The Chair of the ASIL&Power Program Committee showed up for our
Panel. Afterward he came up and told me that he found nothing objectionable
in what we had to say. I felt like telling this Censor to stick his Nihil
Obstat up a certain part of his anatomy. Instead I bit my tongue. For I
wanted to get all of our papers into the Proceedings of the American Society
of International Law and Power in order to prove that we had stuck it to
them as well as to  the Governments of the United States, Israel, Canada,
etc.If interested, you can find our  papers in  Vol. 82, Proceedings of the
American Society of International Law and Power, pages 555-78(1988). Note
that I am not listed as Chair of the Panel--probably the only Panel that did
not have a formal Chair. I stopped going to those "Conventions" over a
decade ago. I now get State Department Propaganda emailed directly to my
office and access it on their web--page.
    Dr. Strangelove has his lawyers--recruited from the American Society
of International Law and Power.

Francis A. Boyle.


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 8:37 AM
on proliferation




-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:35 PM
abolition-usa
proliferation


For the record, the American Journal of International Law and Power recently
published a piece of State Department Propaganda by Matthew Mattheson
directed against the ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or
Use of Nuclear Weapons. Mattheson was the State Department's Assistant Legal
Advisor handling the US ICJ argument in favor of nuclear weapons. When the
Assistant US Attorney tried to get Mattheson's article  admitted into
evidence during the prosecution of the Gods of Metal Plowshares a year ago
in order to counteract my expert opinion and testimony on the World Court's
Advisory Opinion, we got it excluded from evidence, basically arguing that
it was nothing more than State Department Propaganda. They could not even
pass the Federal Rules of Evidence. But of course it was THE LEAD article in
the American Journal of International Law and Power. Indeed, if I remember
correctly, Mattheson might have been on their Board at the time. He still
sits on it--confirming once again that AJIL&Power is nothing more than a
propaganda mouthpiece for the US State Department.
fab

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:21 PM
proliferation


Yes. L.A. Dr Strangelove Dunn is still cranking away on proliferation. He
was the Reagan Administration's Special Assistant for Nuclear Affairs in the
State Department, having written a book, Controlling the Bomb, which I
reviewed for the American Journal of International Law and Power, Volume 77,
p. 981 (1983):"This book begins with a superficial presentation of the
historical progression of nuclear weapons proliferation since 1945....Some
of his concluding policy recommendations can be read to provide
justification for the Reagan administration's dismantling of President
Carter's strict antiproliferation regime and its replacement by the
promiscuous philosophy of America becoming a 'reliable supplier' of nuclear
knowledge, training, technology, materials, and expertise--in other words, a
reliable proliferator. The author cleverly manipulates nonproliferation
arguments to criticize progressive developments in the field of nuclear arms
control: proposals for a US no first use pledge, for a comprehensive test
ban treaty, and for large reductions in US strategic nuclear forces; and the
lack of European popular support for deployment of NATO's new theater
nuclear weapons. Certainly, the greatest preventive to further nuclear
proliferation would be a massive reduction in both US and Soviet nuclear
weapons inventories. Yet the author does not even address the fundamental
question of whether any nonproliferation regime can ultimately succeed
unless and until the two superpowers take seriously their obligations under
Article 6 of the Non-Proliferation Treaty...The book is worth reading for
the insight it may provide into what the Reagan administration's otherwise
nebulous proliferation policies are or could become...."

Plus ca change, plus ca reste la meme chose.

The only reason that blistering attack on the Reagan administration made it
into the American Journal of International Law and Power was that at the
time the Book Review Editor, the late and great Leo Gross, was a good friend
of mine. The AJIL&Power is a propaganda mouthpiece for the State Department.
And the American Society of International Law and Power is not much more
than a front organization for the State Department. For documentation  on
this point, you can read my new book, Foundations of World Order (Duke
Press:1999).
fab


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2000 5:01 PM


Dear Friends,
Earlier today I posted the webpage listing sites for papers about what the
weapons labs are up to.  I neglected to include the original link which is
listed below if you want to catch up with our Dr. Strangeloves.  Alice
(1) The entire series of papers presented at this workshop can be found
at http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/toc/218126_toc.html

Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty
to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, send an email from the account
you wish to be subscribed to: "[e-mail]"

Do not include a subject line or any text in the body of the message.

For the fastest and easiest way to backup your files and, access them from
anywhere. Try @backup Free for 30 days.  Click here for a chance to win a
digital camera.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) FW: No Sour Grapes! AS/JIL&Power
Date: 11 Jan 2000 10:47:19 -0600



-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:36 AM
Cc: 'AALS Section on Minority Grps. mailing list';
'[e-mail]'; '[e-mail]'


Dear Professor Khan:
    Actually, I stopped going to the Conventions of the American Society
of International Law and Power over  a decade ago because I got fed up with
their pronounced and pervasive anti-Arab bigotry and racism. It turned my
stomach. Ditto for the American Journal of International Law and Power.
Francis A. Boyle


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:25 AM



    I want to add my voice to that of Professor Boyle on the workings
of what he calls "Am. Soc. Int. L & Power," an obvious reference to ASIL
and perhaps to the AJIL, a journal published under ASIL command and
control.
    ASIL has done good work, but it remains wedded to the interests of
the United States foreign policy and the scholarship printed in the AJIL
is predominantly boring, mechanistic, oligarchic, un-intellectual, and
almost always pro-Israel.
    Here is one example. AJIL has acknowledged receiving my book "The
Extinction of Nation-States: A World without Borders"--but has failed in
the past three years to find a reviewer for it, even though the book has
been reviewed in several European journals.
    The book challenges the notions of the single super power and
shows how historically the Church and the Empire failed to institute a
pyramidical legal order. It also challenges the notion of the chosen
people, a reference to Romans and the English (and now to people like
defunct Newt Gingrich), who foolishly believed that God had created them
as the best people in the world.
    Most importantly, the book challenges the notion of the
nation-state and argues that its present legal and political form is no
longer sustainable, a prediction that does not sit well with those who are
overly obsessed with the existence of "the state of Israel."
    The book is perhaps too radical for the boring and bland
intellectuals of ASIL and AJIL, but it speaks the truth that would become
irrefutable in due time and I am sure the book will be, one day, reviewed
in AJIL, a command and control publication of ASIL and Power.
    Of course, AJIL and ASIL and Power may dismiss this email as 'sour
grapes,' the complaint of a disgruntled law professor whose book simply
does not meet the standards of AJIL.

Ali Khan
Professor of International Law
& Human Rights,
Washburn University
Topeka, KS 66621

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) FW: Clyde Ferguson on ASIL&Power
Date: 11 Jan 2000 15:20:53 -0600



-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 2:25 PM


Clyde Ferguson,Henry L. Stimson Professor at Harvard Law School, was the
first African American to be elected President of the American Society of
International Law and Power. One of the first things he did was to appoint
an Ad Hoc Committee to revise the Guidelines for co-optation of officers so
as to make them more diverse. Clyde appointed me to that Ad Hoc Guidelines
Committee. I did a first draft of the Ad Hoc Guidelines Committee Report,
got it through the Committee, then through the ASIL&Power Executive
Committee , then through the Annual Convention itself. During those two
years of fighting these battles, I came to appreciate how right wing,
racist, bigoted, reactionary, elitist, sexist and imperialist the American
Society of International Law and Power really was.
    The ASIL&Power was to "celebrate" its 75 Anniversary at the 1981
Convention with a concluding plenary panel on:" The American Society of
International Law: 75 years and Beyond," chaired by Clyde in his capacity as
President. Around the turn of the year, Clyde called me on the phone to tell
me that he was putting me on that panel:" NOW I WANT YOU TO GET UP THERE AND
GIVE THOSE PEOPLE A MESSAGE!"  The emphasis was all Clyde's. "Sure Clyde,
you can count on me." Of course I knew that Clyde wanted me to become his
sub silentio skunk at their garden party. But Clyde was my friend. So I went
to work on the speech. After several weeks of hard work I sent Clyde a copy
of the draft speech for his comments, questions, criticisms, suggestions,
etc. Clyde called me up and  said only :"This will do it!"
    Well you can read the text of the speech for yourself at  Vol. 75 of the
Proceedings of the American Society of International Law and Power, pages
270-75(1981) and draw your own conclusions. I blasted the hell out of the
Reagan administration's pro-nuclear weapons policies and the Carter/Reagan
support for Saddam Hussein during his genocidal war against Iran. Warming up
to my subject, I then said:"The United States and Israel must finally
recognize the international legal right of the Palestinian people to
self-determination,"  and called for the recognition of the PLO as "the
legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" for the purpose of
conducting peace negotiations with Israel. At that point an audible gasp
rose up through the audience. I called for the United States to oppose
Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, and any more
settlements on the West Bank and Golan.(More gasps.) I attacked our
provision of weapons to Israel for the purpose of committing aggression and
war crimes in Lebanon.(More gasps) And called for Israel's withdrawal from
Lebanon. (More gasps)  Then I condemned the Reagan administration's upcoming
wars against Cuba and Nicaragua:"Current intimations that the Reagan
administration will employ overt or covert military operations against Cuba
and Nicaragua are illegal, irresponsible and counterproductive." I then
called for the independence of Namibia:"The right of the Namibian people to
self-determination had been firmly established under international law
before the American, South African and Cuban governments decided to
intervene in the Angolan civil war."  I concluded with a nice little attack
upon American realpolitik icons much admired and honored by the American
Society of International Law and Power:"Otherwise the future of this planet
will be left in the brutal hands of geopolitical practitioners of power
politics such as Kissisnger,Brzezinski, and Haig." Etc.
    While all this bloodletting was going on, Clyde sat on the panel, looked
straight ahead into the audience with his  best diplomat's poker-face on and
pretended as if he had nothing to do with what I was saying and was just as
surprised as anyone else by what I was saying. Of course Clyde had
deliberately put me up there to say it and had approved of everything I was
going say. Notice of course that Clyde never told me WHAT to say. He did not
have to and would not have done so.
    After this concluding, plenary panel chaired by Clyde, they had a big
cocktail party reception to "celebrate" the 75th Anniversary of the American
Society of International Law and Power. After my speech, the "celebration"
was subdued. Not only was I treated like the proverbial skunk at their
garden party, but also as if I had an advanced case of leprosy. But Clyde
was pleased and let me know it. And that was all that mattered to me.
Francis A. Boyle
Professor of International Law
HLS''76

Francis A. Boyle
Law Building
504 E. Pennsylvania Avenue
Champaign, Ill. 61820
217-333-7954 (voice)
217-244-1478 (fax)
[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>

Private reply:         "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Public replies:        [e-mail]
To signoff, send message to: [e-mail]
  message merely says: unsubscribe forintlaw
Questions?             Rebecca Alexander, [e-mail]
Washburn's WashLawWEB, a comprehensive legal research site:
  http://www.washlaw.edu/


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Defending Civil Resistance Under International Law at Amazon.com
Date: 11 Jan 2000 17:00:26 -0600

This book can now be obtained at Amazon.com. Years ago, I waived my royalty
rights to a paperback edition in order to bring out a special paperback
edition at this low cost. All profits go to the Center for Energy Research,
which is a non-profit, tax-exempt corporation concerned with energy and
peace issues, located at 333 State Street, Salem Oregon 97301. fab.


Defending Civil Resistance Under International Law

Our price: $10.00*

Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours*

To view this book, go to:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/094132043X/ref=rm_item
*price and availability are subject to change.


                     Defending Civil Resistance Under International Law
                     by Francis Anthony Boyle
                     Our Price: $10.00

                     Availability: Usually ships within 24 hours.


                     Paperback - 379 pages (July 1, 1987)
                     Transnational Pub Co; ISBN: 094132043X
                     Amazon.com Sales Rank: 1,641,263




                     Editorial Reviews

                     Book Description
                     Provides legal information to individuals to help them
design a legal defense for actions of civil
                     resistance intended to halt destructive government
activities that violate international law. Has a
                     special section relating to nuclear weapons activities.


                     About the Author
                     Francis A. Boyle is a Professor of International Law at
the University of Illinois, Champaign, IL. He
                     has often helped defendants in civil resistance cases
design their legal defenses and wrote this book
                     to answer commonly asked questions and provide relevant
information.





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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Jackie Cabasso <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) more suggestions for NPT speakers
Date: 11 Jan 2000 19:26:39 -0800

Dear Alice and other colleagues,

    Congratulations! I understand that a letter of invitation to potential NPT
speakers will be mailed out shortly.  Here are a few additional
suggestions. (My apologies for duplications if some of these names appear
on an earlier list.)  I'm a little concerned that our list may not be
international enough. I hope those of you reading this in various countries
will make additional suggestions if you have any.

In no particular order, here are a few categories:

AUTHORS

1) Kurt Vonnegut -- Even though he's already been proposed,  I'd like to
support the idea of inviting Kurt Vonnegut. His fairly recent book,
"Timequake," talks extensively about nuclear weapons.

2) Nadine Gortimer -- A nobel-prize-winneing South African writer (white);
she was a keynote speaker at a conference of Le Mouvement de la Paix a
couple of years ago

3) Alice Walker -- A well-known African-American writer and activist; she
has been arrested in nonviolent anti-nuclear and other protests around the
San Francisco Bay Area

4) Arundati Roy -- for obvious reasons

FORMER NUCLEAR WEAPONS DESIGNERS -- it would be ideal to invite one from
each nuclear weapon state

1) Dr. Theodore Taylor -- One-time leading nuclear weapons designer at Los
Alamos Lab, now an ardent abolitionist

2) Lev Feoktistov -- Former leading Russian nuclear weapons designer, he
spoke in favor of nuclear abolition at the St. Petersburg Abolition
2000-sponsored conferece last June (reachable through IPPNW Russia)

3) Frank Barnaby -- Former UK nuclear weapons designer; he currently works
with the Oxford Research Group

4) There is (or was) a former French nuclear weapons designer who spoke at
the IPPNW/Nevada-Semipalatinsk Movement conference in Kazakhstan in 1990.
Perhaps our French colleagues or IPPNW know who he is and how we can reach him.

OTHER

1) Daniel Ellsberg -- Former Pentagon nuclear war fighting planner; he
risked everything to release the Pentagon Papers during the Vietnam war.
(He also conducted a fast for disarmament for the duration of the NPT
Review and Extension Conference in 1995).

2) Ronald Dellums -- Former member of the US Congress (African-American);
leading Congressional voice for nuclear disarmament and peace issues;
one-time Presidential candidate; currently working against AIDS/HIV in
South Africa

3) Former USSR Minister of the Environment -- the last one; a great guy --
does anyone remember his name?  I think he worked closely with Greenpeace
for a while.

******************************************************
Jacqueline Cabasso, Executive Director
WESTERN STATES LEGAL FOUNDATION
1440 Broadway, Suite 500
Oakland, California USA 94612
Tel: +[phone]
Fax: +[phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
******************************************************
Western States Legal Foundation is part of  ABOLITION 2000
A GLOBAL NETWORK TO ELIMINATE NUCLEAR WEAPONS

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) FW: Clyde Ferguson on ASIL&Power
Date: 11 Jan 2000 22:08:31 -0500

Francis: That's a nice one for the annals of international law. Where is
Clyde now? Is he still alive?
                        Peter

Boyle, Francis wrote:
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Boyle, Francis [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 2:25 PM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: Clyde Ferguson on ASIL&Power
>
> Clyde Ferguson,Henry L. Stimson Professor at Harvard Law School, was the
> first African American to be elected President of the American Society of
> International Law and Power. One of the first things he did was to appoint
> an Ad Hoc Committee to revise the Guidelines for co-optation of officers so
> as to make them more diverse. Clyde appointed me to that Ad Hoc Guidelines
> Committee. I did a first draft of the Ad Hoc Guidelines Committee Report,
> got it through the Committee, then through the ASIL&Power Executive
> Committee , then through the Annual Convention itself. During those two
> years of fighting these battles, I came to appreciate how right wing,
> racist, bigoted, reactionary, elitist, sexist and imperialist the American
> Society of International Law and Power really was.
>     The ASIL&Power was to "celebrate" its 75 Anniversary at the 1981
> Convention with a concluding plenary panel on:" The American Society of
> International Law: 75 years and Beyond," chaired by Clyde in his capacity as
> President. Around the turn of the year, Clyde called me on the phone to tell
> me that he was putting me on that panel:" NOW I WANT YOU TO GET UP THERE AND
> GIVE THOSE PEOPLE A MESSAGE!"  The emphasis was all Clyde's. "Sure Clyde,
> you can count on me." Of course I knew that Clyde wanted me to become his
> sub silentio skunk at their garden party. But Clyde was my friend. So I went
> to work on the speech. After several weeks of hard work I sent Clyde a copy
> of the draft speech for his comments, questions, criticisms, suggestions,
> etc. Clyde called me up and  said only :"This will do it!"
>     Well you can read the text of the speech for yourself at  Vol. 75 of the
> Proceedings of the American Society of International Law and Power, pages
> 270-75(1981) and draw your own conclusions. I blasted the hell out of the
> Reagan administration's pro-nuclear weapons policies and the Carter/Reagan
> support for Saddam Hussein during his genocidal war against Iran. Warming up
> to my subject, I then said:"The United States and Israel must finally
> recognize the international legal right of the Palestinian people to
> self-determination,"  and called for the recognition of the PLO as "the
> legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" for the purpose of
> conducting peace negotiations with Israel. At that point an audible gasp
> rose up through the audience. I called for the United States to oppose
> Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, and any more
> settlements on the West Bank and Golan.(More gasps.) I attacked our
> provision of weapons to Israel for the purpose of committing aggression and
> war crimes in Lebanon.(More gasps) And called for Israel's withdrawal from
> Lebanon. (More gasps)  Then I condemned the Reagan administration's upcoming
> wars against Cuba and Nicaragua:"Current intimations that the Reagan
> administration will employ overt or covert military operations against Cuba
> and Nicaragua are illegal, irresponsible and counterproductive." I then
> called for the independence of Namibia:"The right of the Namibian people to
> self-determination had been firmly established under international law
> before the American, South African and Cuban governments decided to
> intervene in the Angolan civil war."  I concluded with a nice little attack
> upon American realpolitik icons much admired and honored by the American
> Society of International Law and Power:"Otherwise the future of this planet
> will be left in the brutal hands of geopolitical practitioners of power
> politics such as Kissisnger,Brzezinski, and Haig." Etc.
>     While all this bloodletting was going on, Clyde sat on the panel, looked
> straight ahead into the audience with his  best diplomat's poker-face on and
> pretended as if he had nothing to do with what I was saying and was just as
> surprised as anyone else by what I was saying. Of course Clyde had
> deliberately put me up there to say it and had approved of everything I was
> going say. Notice of course that Clyde never told me WHAT to say. He did not
> have to and would not have done so.
>     After this concluding, plenary panel chaired by Clyde, they had a big
> cocktail party reception to "celebrate" the 75th Anniversary of the American
> Society of International Law and Power. After my speech, the "celebration"
> was subdued. Not only was I treated like the proverbial skunk at their
> garden party, but also as if I had an advanced case of leprosy. But Clyde
> was pleased and let me know it. And that was all that mattered to me.
> Francis A. Boyle
> Professor of International Law
> HLS''76
>
> Francis A. Boyle
> Law Building
> 504 E. Pennsylvania Avenue
> Champaign, Ill. 61820
> 217-333-7954 (voice)
> 217-244-1478 (fax)
> [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------
> Private reply:         "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
> Public replies:        [e-mail]
> To signoff, send message to: [e-mail]
>   message merely says: unsubscribe forintlaw
> Questions?             Rebecca Alexander, [e-mail]
> Washburn's WashLawWEB, a comprehensive legal research site:
>   http://www.washlaw.edu/
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) FW: No Sour Grapes! AS/JIL&Power
Date: 11 Jan 2000 22:12:48 -0500

Francis: Some of us are planning a meetig some time in February to talk
about US violations of international law. I want to call it "US Super
Outlaw." Do you have anything recent written on that subject?

                        Peter

yle, Francis wrote:
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Boyle, Francis [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:36 AM
> To: '[e-mail]'
> Cc: 'AALS Section on Minority Grps. mailing list';
> '[e-mail]'; '[e-mail]'
> Subject: No Sour Grapes! AS/JIL&Power
>
> Dear Professor Khan:
>         Actually, I stopped going to the Conventions of the American Society
> of International Law and Power over  a decade ago because I got fed up with
> their pronounced and pervasive anti-Arab bigotry and racism. It turned my
> stomach. Ditto for the American Journal of International Law and Power.
> Francis A. Boyle
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: khan ali [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:25 AM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: Sour Grapes
>
>
>         I want to add my voice to that of Professor Boyle on the workings
> of what he calls "Am. Soc. Int. L & Power," an obvious reference to ASIL
> and perhaps to the AJIL, a journal published under ASIL command and
> control.
>         ASIL has done good work, but it remains wedded to the interests of
> the United States foreign policy and the scholarship printed in the AJIL
> is predominantly boring, mechanistic, oligarchic, un-intellectual, and
> almost always pro-Israel.
>         Here is one example. AJIL has acknowledged receiving my book "The
> Extinction of Nation-States: A World without Borders"--but has failed in
> the past three years to find a reviewer for it, even though the book has
> been reviewed in several European journals.
>         The book challenges the notions of the single super power and
> shows how historically the Church and the Empire failed to institute a
> pyramidical legal order. It also challenges the notion of the chosen
> people, a reference to Romans and the English (and now to people like
> defunct Newt Gingrich), who foolishly believed that God had created them
> as the best people in the world.
>         Most importantly, the book challenges the notion of the
> nation-state and argues that its present legal and political form is no
> longer sustainable, a prediction that does not sit well with those who are
> overly obsessed with the existence of "the state of Israel."
>         The book is perhaps too radical for the boring and bland
> intellectuals of ASIL and AJIL, but it speaks the truth that would become
> irrefutable in due time and I am sure the book will be, one day, reviewed
> in AJIL, a command and control publication of ASIL and Power.
>         Of course, AJIL and ASIL and Power may dismiss this email as 'sour
> grapes,' the complaint of a disgruntled law professor whose book simply
> does not meet the standards of AJIL.
>
> Ali Khan
> Professor of International Law
> & Human Rights,
> Washburn University
> Topeka, KS 66621
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Abolition2000 Pacific Region" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Four BILLION dollars to operate a missile range in the Pacific!
Date: 12 Jan 2000 02:57:35 PST


fyi:

It costs $4 billion to operate the Kwajalein Missile Range (yearly) in the
Marshall Islands. This contributes to what many people including Americans
call the maintenance of an American-imposed Apartheid system. The US
military effectively controls large parcels of valuable land areas on small
islands and atolls complete with golf courses. Many Marshall Islanders live
on overcrowded atolls, with unhygienic conditions that contribute to
diseases and ill-health. Marshall Islanders are transported via boat to work
in the military areas during the day, then taken back to their cramped,
overcrowded living conditions where they huddle in misery, drinking
themselves to them!
American military colonialism is so beautiful!


---

http://pidp.ewc.hawaii.edu/PIReport/2000/January/01-12-05.htm

PACIFIC ISLANDS REPORT

Pacific Islands Development Program/East-West Center
Center for Pacific Islands Studies/University of Hawaiæi at Manoa

Wednesday, January 12, 2000

PACIFIC ISLANDS RENEGOTIATE U.S. PAYMENTS

By Colin Woodard

YAP, Federated States of Micronesia (December 27, 1999 û Christian Science
Monitor)---Washington's hands-off approach to the grant payments it has sent
to the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) over the
past 15 years is widely regarded as a failure.

Those grant payments to the former U.S. wards will expire in 2001, and
sources in all three countries say the United States has a chance to set
things right as it negotiates the provisions.

"The U.S. is willing to help us, but there should be more restrictions on
how we spend the money," says Vincent Figir, governor of Yap State, which is
considered the most effective government in the region.

"There wasn't enough accountability or strings attached (to the U.S.
money)," Figir said. "Far too many people decided they would benefit
personally."

U.S. negotiator Allen Stayman has been sending a similar message.

"We want to know what happened over the last 13 years before we make any
decisions about the future," Stayman said.

Key congressional leaders have asked the Government Accounting Agency (GAO)
to go to the region and assess how the U.S. grants were spent. Until the GAO
gets answers, Stayman said it's "premature to be talking about future aid."

Sen. Peter Christian, the FSM's negotiator, said his country welcomes the
opportunity to explain itself.

"We spent the first 10 years of the Compact just organizing a system of
government," he said. "Now we have the time, experience, and institutions to
focus on economic development.... I think we're on the right track."

Former FSM Foreign Minister Asterio Takesy said the U.S. should place future
money in a trust fund, rather than make annual payments.

"Not just the FSM, but any child that is trying to establish itself should
be given room to make mistakes so that it can grow from them," he said. "If
you keep spoon-feeding us we will never become self-reliant."

Marshall Islands officials have taken a tougher stance, arguing it's none of
Washington's business what they do with the money. They say it's not foreign
aid because the U.S. gets extensive military rights and access in return.

The Marshall Islands' more antagonistic stance reflects a strong bargaining
position. Unlike the FSM, the Marshalls have something the U.S. wants:
continued base rights at Kwajalein Atoll.

The $4 billion Kwajalein Missile Range is currently the only place in the
world where the U.S. can test components of the newly revived National
Missile Defense program.

A recent change in governments isn't expected to alter the Marshall Islands'
negotiating strategy. But it may soften the rhetoric. Negotiations with both
countries are scheduled to continue this year.

The Republic of Palau, another part of America's once vast Pacific Trust
Territory, became independent in 1994. Its grant payments won't expire for
another eight years. The remainder of the Trust Territory - the Marianas
Islands - chose to become a U.S. commonwealth, similar in status to Puerto
Rico.



















______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: sign-on to oppose new Turkish reactor
Date: 12 Jan 2000 12:22:25 -0500

>Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 10:28:27 -0500
>Subject: sign-on to oppose new Turkish reactor
>To: [e-mail]
>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>
>Dear Friends:
>
>Attached is a sign-on letter, prepared by Nuclear Awareness Project of
>Canada, against possible U.S. involvement in the proposed Akkuyu nuclear
>power plant in Turkey. We will be sending this letter to President
>Clinton, Vice President Gore and the U.S. Export-Import Bank. We
>encourage you to sign this letter AND to send a copy to your Senators
>and Representative. You may also want to alert your local media about
>this. This issue has not received in the U.S. the attention it deserves.
>
>The Westinghouse bid described below has reportedly been promoted at the
>highest political levels. The Turkish daily Milliyet reported on
>December 19, 1999, that Vice-President Al Gore had written to Turkish
>Energy Minister Cumhur Ersumer lobbying for the Westinghouse bid.
>
>Please send your name, title, organization, city and state to us at
>[e-mail] by 9 am, Tuesday, January 18. Individuals should just
>include their name and city and state. Thanks for your help. You can
>find a background paper on this issue in the international section of
>NIRS' website, www.nirs.org
>
>Michael Mariotte
>NIRS
>
>
>Re: SELECTION OF AKKUYU NUCLEAR VENDOR IMMINENT
>
>We am writing to express our concern and opposition to American
>involvement in the tender by the Turkish state utility, TEAS, for
>construction of the Akkuyu nuclear plant on Turkey's Mediterranean
>coast,
>directly north of Cyprus. As you may be aware, the Turkish government
>last
>stated last year that it would select a vendor for the Akkuyu nuclear
>plant
>before the end of December 1999. That decision was delayed, but may take
>place this month.
>
>As you may be aware, Westinghouse and Mitsubishi are jointly one of
>three
>contenders in that bidding process. Although now owned by British
>Nuclear
>Fuels Ltd (BNFL), the Westinghouse nuclear division is still US-based.
>Furthermore, the American companies Raytheon and Duke Power are major
>partners of Westinghouse in its bid
>
>In addition, Bechtel is a major partner in a competing consortium headed
>by
>Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL).
>
>The Westinghouse bid, at a reported $3.3 billion, would, if successful,
>undoubtedly seek financing in part by the US Export-Import Bank.
>Similarly,
>Bechtel's involvement in the AECL bid would also likely require
>financing
>from the Ex-Im Bank. The Ex-Im Bank has already provided $40 million in
>preliminary financing for Akkuyu ($20 million to Bechtel Power
>Corporation
>for "engineering and procurement services" and $20 million to
>Westinghouse
>Electric Corp. for "procurement services and equipment").
>
>There are several reasons for our objection to American involvement in
>the
>proposed Akkuyu nuclear plant.
>
>1. Nuclear power is an inappropriate energy option for Turkey. It is a
>high
>cost, risky technology that has serious safety and environmental
>problems
>including the risk of catastrophic accident and the still unsolved
>problem
>of radioactive waste management. The real sustainable energy solutions,
>for
>Turkey as for the USA,  are energy efficiency and renewable energy
>options.
>
>2. Earthquake Risk at Akkuyu -- Westinghouse, the other nuclear vendors,
>and
>the Turkish government have refused to acknowledge the real risk of an
>accident caused by an earthquake at Akkuyu. The Design Basis Earthquake
>(DBE) for the Akkuyu plant specified by Turkey is only 0.25g,  less than
>the
>standard set by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission for
>nuclear
>power plants in the central and eastern United States (0.3g).  The
>Turkish
>government maintains that there is no evidence of active faulting within
>the
>vicinity of the Akkuyu site. Yet a 1991 research paper by Turkish and
>British geologists identified an active fault line near Akkuyu (the
>Ecemis
>Fault). According to the database of the US Geological Survey, there
>have
>been 31 earthquakes within 100 km of the Akkuyu site since 1973, ranging
>from 2.9 to 4.7 magnitude. The Turkish government has refused to release
>copies of geological reports on the site.
>
>3. Nuclear Weapons Proliferation -- We are very concerned about the
>proliferation potential of reactor sales to Turkey. In 1991, the USA
>pressured Turkey to not buy a reactor from Argentina because of the fear
>that it would be used to make plutonium for bombs. Turkey's signature on
>the
>Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is no guarantee that it will not
>develop nuclear weapons. Iraq signed this same treaty, but simply broke
>its
>commitments. Any signatory country can legally leave the NPT with only
>three
>months notice.
>
>5.  Human Rights Abuses in Turkey -- Trade should be limited with
>countries
>that have serious human rights abuses. Turkey has a long history of such
>abuses, including systematic torture and murder of prisoners by police
>and
>military forces, death squad murders and disappearances, restrictions on
>freedom of speech, and incommunicado detention without legal
>representation.
>A state of martial law still prevails in the south-eastern Kurdish
>provinces, where an estimated two million people have been forcibly
>displaced. The Kurdish language remains under legal restrictions and the
>death penalty is still in place. Human rights abuses have been the main
>problem standing in the way of Turkey's entry into the European Union.
>
>In summary, for all of the reasons noted above, we urge the government
>to
>reconsider its support for the sale of a nuclear power plant to Turkey.
>I
>look forward to hearing your response on this important matter.
>
>Sincerely,
>
>Michael Mariotte
>Executive Director
>Nuclear Information and Resource Service
>Washington, DC
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "bob kinsey" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) Fwd: sign-on to oppose new Turkish reactor
Date: 12 Jan 2000 11:38:21 -0700

Sign me on
*************************************************
Bob Kinsey
Peace and Justice Task Force
Rocky Mountain Conference, United Church of Christ
bkinsey@peacemission .org
6555 Ward Road, Arvada, Colorado, 80004
"Blessed are the peacemakers for they will be called children of God" --
Jesus of Nazareth


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) wd: More poison from DOE: GM microbes in radioactive waste
Date: 12 Jan 2000 15:10:03 -0500


>>>Date: Fri, 07 Jan 2000 22:24:55 -0500
>>>Subject: [terminatorseedwatch] GM microbes in radioactive waste
>>>Priority: non-urgent
>>>X-FC-MachineGenerated: true
>>>To: [e-mail]
>>>X-FC-Forwarded-From: [e-mail]
>>>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>>>
>>>===================
>>>
>>>Date: Wed, 5 Jan 2000 16:29:13
>>>From: j.e. cummins <[e-mail]>
>>>
>>>
>>>The GM bacteria used to "purify" radioactive waste sites cause ionic
>>>mercury to be released as volatile mercury metal. Such bacteria have
>>>probably escaped into the environment to convert more ionic mercury in
>>>geologic strata. Such mercury released has begun to cause major problems
>>>in cold places like Canada, Alaska, and the northern continental states.
>>>The Arctic is facing tragic injury to the top of the food chain including
>>>people, polar bears, beluga, narwhal,walrus, etc. Those victims have
>>begun
>>>to show birth defects and nerve damage from mercury in their only source
>>>of food. The question is" who in the hell told the US department of
>>energy
>>>that it was O.K.?
>>> ======================
>>>
>>>Articles Nature Biotechnology
>>>
>>>January 2000 Volume 18 Number 1 pp 85 - 90
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Hassan Brim n.1, Sara C. McFarlan n.2, James K. Fredrickson n.3, Kenneth
>>>W. Minton n.1, Min Zhai n.1, Lawrence P. Wackett n.2 & Michael J. Daly
>>n.1
>>>
>>> 1. Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health
>>>Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814.
>>> 2. Department of Biochemistry, Biological Process Technology Institute
>>>and Center for Biodegradation Research and Informatics, Gortner
>>>Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
>>> 3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.
>>>
>>>Correspondence should be addressed to M J Daly.
>>>e-mail:[e-mail]
>>>
>>>
>>>We have developed a radiation resistant bacterium for the treatment of
>>>mixed radioactive wastes containing ionic mercury. The high cost of
>>>remediating radioactive waste sites from nuclear weapons production has
>>>stimulated the development of bioremediation strategies using Deinococcus
>>>radiodurans, the most radiation resistant organism known. As a frequent
>>>constituent of these sites is the highly toxic ionic mercury (Hg) (II),
>>we
>>>have generated several D. radiodurans strains expressing the cloned Hg
>>>(II) resistance gene (merA) from Escherichia coli strain BL308. We
>>>designed four different expression vectors for this purpose, and compared
>>>the relative advantages of each. The strains were shown to grow in the
>>>presence of both radiation and ionic mercury at concentrations well above
>>>those found in radioactive waste sites, and to effectively reduce Hg (II)
>>>to the less toxic volatile elemental mercury. We also demonstrated that
>>>different gene clusters could be used to engineer D. radiodurans for
>>>treatment of mixed radioactive wastes by developing a strain to detoxify
>>>both mercury and toluene. These expression systems could provide models
>>to
>>>guide future D. radiodurans engineering efforts aimed at integrating
>>>several remediation functions into a single host.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>=================================
>>>
>>>
>>>*** NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material
>>>is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior
>>interest
>>>in receiving the included information for research and educational
>>>purposes. ***
>>>
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: Iowa contacts?
Date: 12 Jan 2000 16:45:30 -0500

>Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 12:36:15 -0500
>Subject: Iowa contacts?
>To: [e-mail]
>From: [e-mail] ([e-mail])
>
>Dear friends,
>If any of you have local chapters or offices in Iowa who might find a
>Bradley-Gore Voter Guide on "Peace and National Security Issues" useful,
>please send me their name/address right away.  We are sending it out to our
>100 or so members there today, in time to be distributed at the caucuses on
>Jan. 24, and we'd like to distribute it as widely as possible.  There is
>quite a sharp contrast, actually, based mostly on their Senate votes in
>1990-92, plus the current difference over military spending.
>
>Van Gosse
>Organizing Director, Peace Action
>1819 H Street, NW, Suite 420
>Washington DC 20006
>202.862.9740 x3002
>202.862.9762 (fax)
>
>"Sentence me, I don't care.  History will absolve me."  Fidel Castro, July
>26, 1953
>
>[If you wish to be removed from this listserve, contact Jim Bridgman at
>[e-mail]]
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Of interest-Fwd: Rubblization
Date: 12 Jan 2000 13:57:05 -0800

>January 12, 2000
>Acting Director
>Radiation Protection Division
>Office of Air and Radiation
>United States Environmental Protection Agency
>Washington, DC  20460
>
>Dear Frank Marcinowski:
>
>IÆd like to comment on your December 2, 1999 letter to John Greeves at the
>NRC Division of Waste Management.  ThereÆs no further need for the EPA to
>make more comments for the NRCÆs consideration on the rubblization concept
>at the Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company (MYAPC).  The EPA has no
>significant ability to influence the outcome of NRC policy decisions.  The
>rubblization process at Maine Yankee is the most cost effective
>decommissioning option as well as the next logical step in evading
>documentation of fuel cladding failure-derived contamination in MYAPC
>company reactor water systems.  If the rubblization process is subverted,
>NRC licensees will be stuck with an expensive and embarrassing pile of
>regulatory paperwork as accurate record keeping of low-level waste
>shipments is required by federal law.  Rubblization is the next essential
>step in the ritual of not documenting the source term (inventories,
>pathways and destinations of contamination) of the fuel cladding failures
>and other losses-of-radiological controls at MYAPC and other NRC licensed
>reactors.
>
>The ongoing construction of the Wiscasset radioactive waste storage and
>disposal facility is a project that was started in 1972 with reactor
>criticality and the first incident of fuel cladding failure.  The
>Wiscasset facility should now be expanded to include low-level wastes from
>all other Maine sources as soon as Bob Blagdon, a Wiscasset selectman,
>makes the arrangement for other Maine waste generators to make their
>meager contribution to the larger inventories of radioactive waste already
>sited at Wiscasset.  The town of Wiscasset will be happy to collect a fee
>from other Maine vendors, using the MYAPC facility to help offset their
>loss of tax revenues from the cessation of reactor operations.  Any
>objection to the waste dump at Wiscasset is just EPA bluster.
>Historically, the EPA is part of the problem, not part of the solution,
>and has always been a non-advocate of better documentation of NRC licensee
>reactor-derived pulsed releases of radioactivity.  ItÆs too late to worry
>about something you canÆt do anything about now.  The Wiscasset facility
>will be a pathbreaking and innovative solution to the decommissioning
>conundrum and will provide handy opportunity to solve the fuel cladding
>failure-derived contamination problem without too much publicity or public
>expense.  The Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company is on the cutting edge of
>nuclear waste dump design and construction as well as the wave of the
>future, and it is unlikely that there is anything the EPA can do to alter
>the economic necessity of ISFSIs, entombment, rubblization, onsite burial
>of low-level wastes and continued use of Montsweag Bay as a federally
>licensed liquid waste disposal repository.  What the EPA Office of
>Radiation and Indoor Air thinks is irrelevant - get used to it.
>
>Thank you for your attention to this matter.
>
>Yours truly,
>
>H. G. Brack
>
>P.S.  I would also like to comment on item 5 in your letter:  ôdilution as
>the solutionö is a remedial practice that is the very foundation of NRC
>waste disposal policy: see CFR 10 Part 20 Appendix B Tables 1, 2 and 3:
>ôOccupational values, Effluent concentrations, Releases to sewersö.  MYAPC
>is not in violation of regulatory guidelines until such time as average
>individuals residing near the Wiscasset reactor ingest more than 1,000
>servings of food contaminated with 10,000 pCi/kg of 137Cs (Table 1).  It
>is unlikely the rubblization process will violate any NRC regulatory
>guidelines any more than fuel cladding failures did in the past.
>
>------------------------------------------------------
>Center for Biological Monitoring, Inc.
>Sponsor of RADNET:  Nuclear Information on the Internet
>SOURCE POINTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC RADIOACTIVITY
><http://home.acadia.net/cbm>http://home.acadia.net/cbm
>BOX 144, HULLS COVE,  ME  04644-0144    207/288-5126
>FAX:[phone]  EMAIL:  [e-mail]
>
>
>



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) NEEDED:NAMES OF DOWNWINDERS
Date: 12 Jan 2000 20:26:28 -0500

Dear Friends,
I've made a connection with the people who are organizing Earth Day in New
York and they are confident that they can turn 1,000 people out to hold
hands around the UN during the NPT (or as close as we can get).  They
suggest that we gather at least 1,000 names of downwinders from all over
the world and that the demonstrators will wear the names, city, country,
date of exposure, death, or accident where available. We will also have as
many actual downwinders as we can bring to NY  --the funds and
accomodations here are limited and if you can help that would be
appreciated--I expect we will be able to use our "celebrities" to bring
press attention to the human suffering caused by the nuclear weapons and
nuclear power states.   We think we can get a lot of press for this and
would like to start gathering names.  Please send them to me--remember we
need the place and country they are from to demonstrate movingly the
worldwide toxic legacy of the nuclear age at the NPT.  Let's take a leaf
from the landmines campaign!!  And let's be creative about inviting as many
of these victims of the nuclear weapons insanity to join us as is possible.

Just to show the synchronicity of the universe, the Earth Day people will
soon be greeting a new neighbor on their floor in their Manhattan office
building--Children of Chernobyl!!
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: (abolition-usa) FW: Clyde Ferguson on ASIL&Power
Date: 12 Jan 2000 19:38:39 -0600

Dear Peter: In answer to your question about Clyde. Just got back from
Chicago. Best regards, Francis.

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Thursday, December 23, 1999 1:56 PM
Importance: High


C.Clyde Ferguson Jr. was the Henry L. Stimson Professor of Law at the
Harvard Law School, and only  the second African American Professor that HLS
had hired, Derek Bell being the first. Later HLS fired Derek Bell because of
his protest over their refusal to hire an African American Woman Professor,
which they have since remedied. Professor Bell currently teaches at NYU Law
School.
fab
HLS'76

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Wednesday, December 22, 1999 8:55 AM
Cc: '[e-mail]'
Importance: High


I got word that Clyde had died on the Wednesday before Christmas. That
preceding weekend, Clyde and I had hosted an international legal symposium
at Harvard Law School for the International Third World Legal Studies
Organization, when I was on their Board. My idea was to have a conference in
which we would invite foreign Ll.M. and SJD students to come and give
papers, while we American professors sat in the audience and listened to
them, rather than the reverse. Clyde agreed to host the conference at HLS
and give the keynote address, which was on the New International Economic
Order. Remember that? Before neo-liberalism (Newspeak for neo-paganism) and
globalization (Newspeak for globaloney)took over international legal
education. I doubt very seriously anyone is teaching NIEO at HLS today as
opposed to this other garbage.
     When the conference was over, Clyde and I walked in the falling
snow from Pound to his favorite watering hole in Harvard Square, the Harvest
House--is it still there? I have not been back in so many years. The snow
was coming down and the air was crisp and  cold that night. I was wondering
if Logan would shut down because of the snow and leave me there for the
weekend. Unlike O'Hare,Logan is really fickle when it comes to snow. The
Harvest House was all decked out for Christmas and there was some Christmas
music playing quietly in the background. Hardly anyone was there. So Clyde
and I sat down for some drinks and conversation for the next two hours as I
waited there for my plane. Clyde was in fine form intellectually, though
physically his recurrent malaria (that he had picked up during his
diplomatic stints in Africa for the US government) was bothering him. Clyde
was one of the few people at HLS whom I could sit down with and learn
something from--about how the world really worked. Remember that little
section in the Harvard Crimson entitled "The Real World". And then there is
Harvard. And then there is Harvard Law School.
    In any event,it came time for me to leave for Logan. So we both got
up, gave each other a big bear hug and I said to him: "Now Clyde, you have
to stop smoking, cut down on the drinking, lose some weight, take care of
yourself and stop gallivanting all over the world!" Clyde looked right at
me, broke out into an  enormous grin and said: "SUUUUUURRRRE!" In other
words, Clyde  was not going to do anything  I told him to do. At that I
walked out into the snow, caught my cab in the Square, and took off for
Logan, where my plane barely made it out that night. But I treasured the
evening I had just spent with Clyde all the way home. I still do.
    May God hold Clyde in the Palm of HIS HAND. I am sure that HE does
already.
    Francis A. Boyle
    HLS, 1976

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Friday, December 19, 1997 1:12 PM


I write to commemorate the anniversary of Clyde's death on  December 21,
1983. I was honored and privileged to be in the very first course on
International Human Rights that Clyde taught at HLS, immediately after
resigning  from the Nixon administration in protest  because of their
cruel indifference to the Vietnamese People. Clyde was a great teacher,
friend and counsel. He stood head and shoulders above many of the
sterile intellects on the Faculty of Harvard Law School. And his heart
was bigger than several  of them put together.

Francis A. Boyle
HLS "76
Francis A. Boyle
Law Building
504 E. Pennsylvania Ave.
Champaign, Ill. 61820
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 9:09 PM


Francis: That's a nice one for the annals of international law. Where is
Clyde now? Is he still alive?
                        Peter

Boyle, Francis wrote:
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Boyle, Francis [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 2:25 PM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: Clyde Ferguson on ASIL&Power
>
> Clyde Ferguson,Henry L. Stimson Professor at Harvard Law School, was the
> first African American to be elected President of the American Society of
> International Law and Power. One of the first things he did was to appoint
> an Ad Hoc Committee to revise the Guidelines for co-optation of officers
so
> as to make them more diverse. Clyde appointed me to that Ad Hoc Guidelines
> Committee. I did a first draft of the Ad Hoc Guidelines Committee Report,
> got it through the Committee, then through the ASIL&Power Executive
> Committee , then through the Annual Convention itself. During those two
> years of fighting these battles, I came to appreciate how right wing,
> racist, bigoted, reactionary, elitist, sexist and imperialist the American
> Society of International Law and Power really was.
>     The ASIL&Power was to "celebrate" its 75 Anniversary at the 1981
> Convention with a concluding plenary panel on:" The American Society of
> International Law: 75 years and Beyond," chaired by Clyde in his capacity
as
> President. Around the turn of the year, Clyde called me on the phone to
tell
> me that he was putting me on that panel:" NOW I WANT YOU TO GET UP THERE
AND
> GIVE THOSE PEOPLE A MESSAGE!"  The emphasis was all Clyde's. "Sure Clyde,
> you can count on me." Of course I knew that Clyde wanted me to become his
> sub silentio skunk at their garden party. But Clyde was my friend. So I
went
> to work on the speech. After several weeks of hard work I sent Clyde a
copy
> of the draft speech for his comments, questions, criticisms, suggestions,
> etc. Clyde called me up and  said only :"This will do it!"
>     Well you can read the text of the speech for yourself at  Vol. 75 of
the
> Proceedings of the American Society of International Law and Power, pages
> 270-75(1981) and draw your own conclusions. I blasted the hell out of the
> Reagan administration's pro-nuclear weapons policies and the Carter/Reagan
> support for Saddam Hussein during his genocidal war against Iran. Warming
up
> to my subject, I then said:"The United States and Israel must finally
> recognize the international legal right of the Palestinian people to
> self-determination,"  and called for the recognition of the PLO as "the
> legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" for the purpose of
> conducting peace negotiations with Israel. At that point an audible gasp
> rose up through the audience. I called for the United States to oppose
> Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, and any more
> settlements on the West Bank and Golan.(More gasps.) I attacked our
> provision of weapons to Israel for the purpose of committing aggression
and
> war crimes in Lebanon.(More gasps) And called for Israel's withdrawal from
> Lebanon. (More gasps)  Then I condemned the Reagan administration's
upcoming
> wars against Cuba and Nicaragua:"Current intimations that the Reagan
> administration will employ overt or covert military operations against
Cuba
> and Nicaragua are illegal, irresponsible and counterproductive." I then
> called for the independence of Namibia:"The right of the Namibian people
to
> self-determination had been firmly established under international law
> before the American, South African and Cuban governments decided to
> intervene in the Angolan civil war."  I concluded with a nice little
attack
> upon American realpolitik icons much admired and honored by the American
> Society of International Law and Power:"Otherwise the future of this
planet
> will be left in the brutal hands of geopolitical practitioners of power
> politics such as Kissisnger,Brzezinski, and Haig." Etc.
>     While all this bloodletting was going on, Clyde sat on the panel,
looked
> straight ahead into the audience with his  best diplomat's poker-face on
and
> pretended as if he had nothing to do with what I was saying and was just
as
> surprised as anyone else by what I was saying. Of course Clyde had
> deliberately put me up there to say it and had approved of everything I
was
> going say. Notice of course that Clyde never told me WHAT to say. He did
not
> have to and would not have done so.
>     After this concluding, plenary panel chaired by Clyde, they had a big
> cocktail party reception to "celebrate" the 75th Anniversary of the
American
> Society of International Law and Power. After my speech, the "celebration"
> was subdued. Not only was I treated like the proverbial skunk at their
> garden party, but also as if I had an advanced case of leprosy. But Clyde
> was pleased and let me know it. And that was all that mattered to me.
> Francis A. Boyle
> Professor of International Law
> HLS''76
>
> Francis A. Boyle
> Law Building
> 504 E. Pennsylvania Avenue
> Champaign, Ill. 61820
> 217-333-7954 (voice)
> 217-244-1478 (fax)
> [e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------
> Private reply:         "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
> Public replies:        [e-mail]
> To signoff, send message to: [e-mail]
>   message merely says: unsubscribe forintlaw
> Questions?             Rebecca Alexander, [e-mail]
> Washburn's WashLawWEB, a comprehensive legal research site:
>   http://www.washlaw.edu/
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: (abolition-usa) FW: No Sour Grapes! AS/JIL&Power
Date: 12 Jan 2000 19:51:18 -0600

Dear Peter: In answer to this question, yes I just delivered a little
interdenominational Sermon on this subject. I hope that Famous Jewish =
Rabbi
did not take offense at my preaching without a license: Woe Unto Ye
International  Lawyers! =20
My best regards to you and Cora,
Francis.
-----Original Message-----
Sent: Friday, November 05, 1999 3:14 PM


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Source: Direct Submission
Title: Faith and Resistance
By: Prof. Francis Boyle
Email: <[e-mail]>

TEXT:

Faith and Resistance

by

Francis A. Boyle

Professor of International Law

before

Community United Church of Christ

Champaign, Illinois

Reformation Sunday

October 31, 1999

[Transcript revised]

=20

=A9 Copyright 1999 by Francis A. Boyle

All Rights Reserved.

=20

Today, as you may know, is Reformation Sunday--the anniversary of =
October
31, 1517 when Martin Luther, an Augustinian Priest, posted his 95 =
Theses
on the Castle Church door in Wittenburg, Germany. Luther, the Great
Dissenter, the Great Resister, started the Reformation on the whole
question of justification versus works. And today in Augsburg, there is =
an
historic reconciliation between the Catholic Church and the Lutheran
Leadership on this issue. They are signing it today--they probably have
signed it already.  And they have come to the following understanding,
that both denominations have now agreed upon, which goes to the start =
of
the Reformation. I guess that gives some hope here for reconciliation
among the different denominations of Christianity.=20

But this is what they have agreed upon today and let me quote it: "By
grace alone in faith in Christ's work and not because of any merit on =
our
part, we are accepted by God and receive the Holy Spirit, who renews =
our
hearts while equipping and calling us to good works." Well I think =
that's
a good statement of the problem of faith and action, faith and =
resistance.=20

To get back to Luther on this anniversary day. What inspired Luther to
resist the two most powerful institutions of Renaissance Europe at that
time: The Roman Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor? Luther stood up =
against
both of them.=20

Earlier this fall I was reading a biography on Luther by a fellow named
Bainton called Here I Stand--Luther's very famous comment "Here I =
stand,=20
I cannot do otherwise." And reading through this biography--which I
recommend because it's a nice thumbnail sketch of Luther--it struck me =
how
in some of his more difficult times, Luther would go back and read =
Saint
Augustine--again, Luther being an Augustinian Priest. Despite what =
Luther
felt was all the excrescences of centuries that had befuddled and
beclouded and besmirched the true meaning of Scriptures, he =
nevertheless
would always go back to Augustine, the founder of his Order, for
inspiration and guidance. And apparently still today because of this
influence, most denominations of Christianity consider Augustine to be
authentic, the founder of Christian theology. So, what I'd like to do =
here
is, like Luther, to go back to Augustine for a little bit and see how
Augustine's theories had an impact on Luther. I submit we can find the
origins for Luther's theory of resistance to state tyranny in =
Augustine.
And after I've done talking about Augustine, I will be applying this
analysis here to the United States as well, the question of faith and
resistance here in America today.=20

So let's go back to Augustine, the City of God. Here Rome had just been
sacked by Alaric and the Visgoths. It had fallen, the eternal city and
this was a catastrophic event in the entire Mediterranean World at that
time. The Pagan idealogues were using this to attack the ascendant
Christian religion.  Christianity had just become the official state
religion of the Roman Empire, and the argument was being made that this
was responsible for the fall of Rome. And, in any event, if the =
Christian
God was any good, why did He let Rome fall? And number two, then, of =
what
good was the Christian religion to the rest of the Roman Empire if the
Christian God had let Rome fall? Of course previously Constantine had
moved the capital of the Empire to Byzantlum, renamed it =
Constantinople,
which today of course is Istanbul.  So the rest of the Roman Empire was
still there intact being governed out of Constantinople, including =
North
Africa where Augustine wrote.=20

So Augustine in his City of God, tried to address these issues that =
were
the burning, searing issues of the time and to assert the relevance of
Christianity. Many have criticized Augustine, I think rightly so, for
being an apologist for a Christian empire. But putting that aside, =
let's
look at what Augustine had to say here about the Roman Empire, the =
Greek
Empire, and, as we'll see, the American Empire and indeed, basically, =
any
state, any government, in existence today. What we'll see in Augustine =
is
a very brutal analysis of political power.=20

I won't go through all City of God. It's about a thousand pages single
spaced--you'll get blind reading it. But the critical portion here can =
be
found in Book 4, Chapter 4 of The City of God. And I submit that this =
is
pretty much the way Luther saw things too, and I'll come back to Luther
later.=20

The chapter is entitled "Kingdoms Without Justice are Similar to Robber
Barons." So notice what Augustine is saying here: states, any state, =
any
kingdom, any Empire, without justice is nothing more than a gang of
robbers.  Now of course he was referring here to the Roman Empire =
before
Christianity.  As we'll see, he was also referring to the Greek
Alexandrian Empire, but pretty much, he's referring to any empire, any
government, any state.=20

Well, before we get into the rest of the passage, how does Augustine
define justice? Augustine defined justice in the Christian definition =
of
justice given by Jesus Christ in the Bible. You remember when the =
lawyers
tried to trick Christ up? It's great if you read through the New
Testament--it's always the lawyers trying to trick Christ up, =
right--the
Scribes, the Pharisees, and the lawyers. And finally, Christ came out =
and
He condemned them all when He said, "Woe unto ye lawyers!"--you are
constantly heaping up burdens upon the shoulders of people and you do =
not
lift a finger to lighten them! This would later lead Professor Fred =
Rodell
at Yale Law School to write a classic book Woe Unto Ye Lawyers!--to the
effect that in legal education all we do is basically intellectual
electricity and plumbing work--no offense to electricians and plumbers =
out
there, I did such work in my summer jobs going through school. It's a
great little book to read.=20

So, the lawyer was trying to trip Christ up when he said, "What is the
greatest Law?" Well, of course, if Christ answered wrong, he would be
stoned for blasphemy, or something like that. So what did Christ say? =
The
greatest law is "You shall love the Lord your God with your whole =
heart,
mind, soul and strength." And the second law, "You shall love your
neighbor as yourself." Now, of course, as you know, the lawyer was not
satisfied with that answer. He wanted to "justify" himself--as all =
lawyers
do. So the lawyer said: "Well who is my neighbor?" And then we get the
little story about the Good Samaritan, which I won't go through here.=20

But Christ very easily disposes of all of the lawyers in the New =
Testament
trying to trick Him up. Indeed, one year I had a student do a paper--I
teach a course on Jurisprudence, the philosophy law--the subject of =
which
was:  "Can you be a lawyer and a good Christian?" That student wrestled
with that question for forty pages and had a hard time, I think, coming =
to
a satisfactory answer.=20

In any event, this is Augustine's definition of justice--Christ's
definition of justice. You must worship the one true God first. And =
then
love your neighbor as yourself.=20

Augustine was trained in Greek rhetoric--basically what lawyers do, law
professors do, taught the subject later, became a neo-plantonist, which
then propelled him to become a Christian. So we see here a new =
definition
of justice, adding God into the definition of justice beyond the =
platonic
definition of justice.=20

So kingdoms without justice are similar to robber bands. Augustine was
very clear--the Roman Empire was just a bunch of robber bands. How did =
the
Roman Empire start? Well, according to Vergil, Aeneas and his band of =
men
sailed over from Carthage, landed in Italy, needed some women, grabbed =
the
Sabine women, raped them and reduced them into becoming their =
concubines
and their wives. That was the start of the mighty Roman Empire--the =
mass
rape of women. Now that's where the great Roman Empire came from--an =
act
of criminality. Behaving like robber bands. Something Machiavelli would
point out, writing at the same time Luther did in The Prince and The
Discourses--all states are founded in two things--a crime and a lie. =
The
crime is usually a homicide and the lie is that God set up the state. A
very realistic assessment that Augustine, by the way, would agree with.
Augustine pointed out in the first several hundred pages of the City of
God that even the Pagans could not believe in their own gods. They just
didn't.=20

Alright, so let's go back, then, to what Augustine was saying here,
because, again, I think it had impact on Luther's perception of =
resistance
to tyranny and faith in action: "And so if justice is left out, what =
are
kingdoms except great robber bands? For what are robber bands except
little kingdoms?" Notice what Augustine states here--states, empires =
start
out as robber bands. That's how they start out. They're nothing more =
than
robbers and killers and rapers and pillagers.=20

How did we start out here in the United States of America? Well, the
Europeans came over here and exterminated almost our entire Native
American population. Stole all their land and the few remnants that =
were
left were removed to "reservations," which were called bantustans by =
the
criminal apartheid regime in South Africa. Thus Augustine would agree =
that
this is how America was founded--in criminality. No different, no =
better,
no worse than any other state--but pretty much the same.=20

Go back to Augustine: "The band also is a group of men governed by the
orders of the leader, bound by a social compact, and its booty is =
divided
according to a law agreed upon." So yes, the robber band has a king or =
an
emperor, a president, call him what you want. Yes, there is a social
compact, a constitution. They divide the booty. And there is a law. But
they're still a robber band. And that's how all states start. That's =
how
the Roman Empire started. That's how the Greek Empire started. As I'm
suggesting here, that's pretty much how the American Empire started as
well -- just taking Augustine's analysis and applying it to our own
situation.=20

"If by repeatedly adding desperate men this plague grows to the point
where it holds territory and establishes a fixed seat, seizes cities =
and
subdues people, then it is more conspicuously assumes the name of
kingdom..." So notice, how do states start? Well they start out with a
robber band and the robber band goes out there and rapes, robs, loots, =
and
pillages. This is something one of our Founding Fathers, Thomas Paine,
pointed out in Common Sense where he talked about the British Monarchy =
and
he said: Who founded the British Monarchy? It was that Norman bastard,
William the Conqueror--he used the word bastard. And he and his gang of
"ruffians" came over to England in 1066, conquered England, killed the
people, subdued them all, and then they set up a monarchy. And of =
course
Paine's purpose of writing this was to completely discredit the British
Monarchy as an institution for our Founding Fathers and Mothers during =
the
days of the Revolution.=20

So the robber band is successful like Aeneas and his men, like William =
the
Conqueror and his ruffians. Like some of the colonists coming over here
from England and Spain into America. So they add desperate men to this
plague--it's a plague. Augustine is quite clear what these people
are--it's a plague on humanity.=20

"Grows to the point where it holds territory and establishes a fixed =
seat,
seizes cities, and subdues peoples." It's interesting that is the
requirement today for international recognition of a state under
international law. You must hold territory, have a government, cities, =
and
people. So very interesting--this is the requirement for recognition of =
a
state today. So if you start out as a robber gang and a bunch of =
killers,
you seize land, you set up a government, you subdue people. Well then =
you
are entitled to be recognized as a state. I could think of a few states
off-hand today that would fill that requirement.=20

"...then it more conspicuously assumes the name of Kingdom..." So =
notice,
at some point in time the robber band grows and it's so successful in =
its
criminality that it decides to call itself a kingdom--no longer a =
robber
band. In other words to give all this criminality "legitimacy." So, =
well
we're no longer robber bands now, now we're a kingdom, now we're a =
state,
now we have a government, now we have an emperor or a king or a =
president,
but we're no longer a robber band any more.=20

"...and this name [kingdom] is now openly granted to it..." So notice =
the
heads of the other robber bands who have called themselves kingdoms now
grant diplomatic recognition to the new robber band and say, right, we
will no longer call you a robber band; henceforth we will call you a
kingdom because we all know how states are founded. We were criminals =
too,
but now you know we want to put all this in the past. So let's all
mutually call ourselves kingdoms instead of criminals.=20

"...and this name [kingdom] is now openly granted to it, not for any
subtraction of cupidity..." So notice the kingdoms, the states, are =
still
a gang of criminals, cutthroats, murderers and killers. That hasn't
changed, Augustine points out.=20

"...but by addition of impunity." So in other words, now by calling =
them a
king and a kingdom and a state, the fellow robber bands gain impunity. =
You
don't try to try us for our crimes and we won't try you. We'll give you
impunity for all of your crimes. Henceforth you're now recognized as a
state, as a government, as a legitimate leader.=20

This is something General Pinochet is dealing with right now in London,
right. I hope someday we'll be having Henry Kissinger and Bob McNamara
dealing with these problems as well. Last year I had a call from
Canada--some peace people up there. Henry Kissinger was coming to =
Canada
and they wanted to do to him the same thing that had been done to
Pinochet. How do they track down Kissinger, arrest him, and put him on
trial certainly for what he did in Viet Nam, Southeast Asia? And the =
same
for Bob McNamara, I would add.=20

And here we'll conclude this little passage from Augustine. "For it was =
an
elegant and true reply that was made to Alexander the Great..." So =
notice
he's commenting on the Roman Empire. So notice what he's done to the =
Roman
Empire. The great Roman Empire has just been reduced to a robber band. =
And
Aeneas is out there with his men raping the Sabine women. It's a =
plague.=20
It's not entitled to any respect at all. And the same with the Greek
Alexandrian Empire. Alexander was an even bigger pirate, terrorist,
murderer and killer.=20

"For it was an elegant and true reply that was made to Alexander the =
Great
by a certain pirate whom he had captured." Now notice here, here's the
scene. There's Alexander in his great throne room and there is this =
pirate
that's been captured, obviously facing death. And Augustine is siding =
with
the pirate--not with Alexander, but with the pirate, saying it was "an
elegant and true reply." So notice he's siding with the pirate, the
alleged criminal, against the Emperor, Alexander the Great, a much =
bigger
criminal.=20

"When the King asked him what he was thinking of, that he should molest
the sea, [the pirate] said with defiant independence: 'The same as you
when you molest the world! Since I do this with a little ship, I am =
called
a pirate.  You do it with a great fleet and are called an emperor!'"
Notice how brutally frank Augustine is here about both the Greek Empire
and the Roman Empire that everyone had admired, saying: no, they =
molested
the entire world.=20

So, you know, molest the entire world. That's what emperors do--they
molest the entire world. That's what the Greek Empire did. That's what =
the
Roman Empire did. And I would suggest, that's pretty much what the
American Empire does today. We have "seven" fleets and we sail all over
the world--exactly what Augustine was saying. And we blow up any =
country
that we want to at any time we want to, right? And no other state in =
the
entire world has this capability but the United States of America.=20

So the pirate concedes he's a pirate. Sure I'm a pirate. But you are
worse--you are an emperor. You molest the entire world. And since you =
do
it with a great fleet, they call you an emperor instead of a pirate. =
But
you're far worse than a pirate.=20

Very interesting--the little parable here of Alexander and the pirate =
led
Professor Noam Chomsky at MIT to write a little book called Pirates and
Emperors: Terrorists in the Real World, where Chomsky pointed out that =
the
real terrorists in the world are the United States, Britain, Soviet =
Union,
Israel and the criminal apartheid regime then-ruling in South Africa.=20
Chomsky conceded there might be some pirates out there in the third =
world.=20
But these states were the emperors, these were the gangs of criminals =
that
Augustine was talking about. Chomsky drew the distinction between
wholesale terrorists and retail terrorists. These states terrorize =
entire
races of peoples.=20

I remember in 1989 I was lecturing in the Soviet Union on the subject =
of
terrorism. Gorbachev had just invited over the CIA to coordinate with =
the
KGB on the question of terrorism. TASS asked me what I thought about =
this
and I said: "Oh, this is the case of the wholesale terrorists getting
together because they're upset that the retail terrorists are cutting =
into
their market shares. The KGB and the CIA are the two great terror
organizations in the history of the world!" Well, we see here in =
Augustine
a devastating attack on the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire fell then
because they were not just and they deserved to fall. And it was the =
same
with the Greek Empire. Despite all the pagan idealogues, Augustine says
there was nothing of value there. They were all a gang of cut-throats,
criminals, and terrorists.=20

Well, I think that the analysis of political authority that Augustine
developed from a Christian theological perspective could be applied =
pretty
much to any political authority. Luther again, standing up to the Roman
Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor single-handedly--imagine the courage =
of
this guy. They were repressing people because of their religion. And
indeed one of the arguments Luther made toward the end of his life was
that Christian magistrates should have a right to resist the Holy Roman
Emperor in the event that he persecuted people on grounds of =
religion--the
right of resistance.=20

This argument that Luther made would later emerge in a very important
pamphlet, Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos, "Defense Against Tyrants," written
probably by Philippe Mornay--a Huegennot nobleman in France. Huegennots
were a Calvinist sect who were brutally repressed by the Catholic
autocracy in France. And Mornay argued that Christian magistrates =
should
have a right to rise up against this tyrannical government and =
overthrow
the tyrannical government. And then towards the end of the pamphlet he
said that occasionally there are individuals who are specially called =
by
God to rise up and overthrow a tyrannical, unjust government.=20

This is the closest anyone had come at that point in time in Europe to
arguing a personal, individual right of revolution. And the next stage
after Mournay would of course be John Locke, the Second Treatise of
Government, where Locke argued that everyone--not just those specially
called by God--has a right to rise up and overthrow a tyrannical
government. And it would be that philosophy articulated by Locke, =
preceded
by Mornay, influenced by Luther, that would lead Thomas Jefferson to =
write
the American Declaration of Independence. And you can read Locke's =
theory
of revolution right in the American Declaration of Independence. As
Jefferson said:  "Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God."=20

Well, since we're getting into Jefferson and the founding of the United
States--I've already given a few comments on that. It's nice to read =
the
Declaration. Of course realize "all men are created equal" did not =
apply
to Black Slaves or American Indians or Women or Poor Whites. There are
serious problems with that Declaration.=20

But let's go to contemporary United States. Again, from a Lutheran
perspective. And here a very interesting book by a Lutheran theologian,
the Reverend Jack Nelson-Pallmayer called War Against the Poor. And I
would encourage you to read it. It's a fascinating book. Here is a
Lutheran theologian coming from a Lutheran perspective looking at the
United States of America and he concludes that today the United States =
of
America occupies the exact same position in the world that the Roman
Empire did around the time of Jesus Christ. And he goes through this
analysis in great detail. I won't do it here--but pretty much like my
taking the Alexander and the pirate story and applying it to the United
States of America. Well I hadn't really thought of contemporary America
along the lines of the Roman Empire at the time of Jesus Christ, which =
is
what of course Augustine had so soundly condemned. But it made a lot of
sense to me.=20

And there Nelson-Pallmayer was talking about U.S. intervention in =
Central
America during the Reagan administration where we killed 35,000 in
Nicaragua, 70,000 in El Salvador. And in Guatemala from our overthrow =
of
the democratically-elected Arbenz government we probably killed a =
quarter
of a million people. And Nelson-Pallmayer went through all this in his
book.=20

And then he concludes the book with this fascinating chapter of =
theology
where he goes through all these Christian theologians: We get St. Paul =
and
others and they're all in there, marshaling these religious authorities =
in
support of his thesis. I encourage you to read it. Then he has a =
passage
from Luther to support his analysis. And then when you turn the page,
there I am right after Luther. I didn't know Nelson-Pallmayer. I don't
know why I'm in there after Luther. I don't know exactly what the
connection is, but there I am right after Luther saying that once =
Reagan
came to power our country began to be governed by a gang of criminals =
and
we have to do everything we could to stop them. So I thought this was
quite interesting.  There I was--right after Luther. Still wondering =
about
what that means.=20

At the end of the book Nelson-Pallmayer says, I don't have any
recommendations to make for Christians. He says, I think my insight is
valid in and of itself, it's a new insight, I don't have =
recommendations
to make about what you need to do. And of course I had not really =
thought
of it that way myself: that the United States of America is just like =
the
Roman Empire at the time of Jesus Christ. But it's true!=20

Then along came the war against Iraq in January of 1991. As some of you
know, I worked with a Protestant minister up in Chicago, Reverend Don
Wagner, to organize a National Day of Prayer to prevent that war the
Sunday before it began. We commemorated and participated in that here.
Then that evening I was asked by former Attorney General Ramsey Clark =
to
join him and Congressman Henry Gonzalez of Texas in a national campaign =
to
impeach Bush if he went to war. At Clark's request, the next day I did =
the
first draft of the Impeachment Resolution that Congressman Gonzalez =
would
introduce into Congress the day after the war started. Going after the
Emperor!=20

Bush killed probably 200,000 people in Iraq--an outright massacre. A
hundred thousand of them were civilians. A hundred thousand were
soldiers--just massive bloodshed and killing. But all of them glorified =
by
the American news media. And you remember the great celebration there =
on
the Washington Mall when all the troops came home after the massacre =
and
bloodshed and killing. Reminded me a bit of the Nuremberg rallies held =
by
Hitler and the Nazis in the 1930s. But we continued to fight against =
the
war and fight for those who were in the armed forces and refused to go =
as
a matter of principle, helping to defend them long after the war was =
over.=20

Since the war ended, 1.5 million Iraqis have died because of the =
economic
sanctions that we have continued to impose on Iraq. And of those 1.5
million, according to UNICEF a half million are children--were
children--dead--killed because of our government's policies. And Iraqis
are dying today at the rate of about 4500 a month. Remember that when =
our
children trick or treat for UNICEF today.=20

This massive bloodshed and killing led Nelson-Pallmayer to write =
another
book: Brave New World Order analyzing the Gulf War. And he said that =
this
confirms what he had said in the preceding book. But we're even worse =
than
the Romans--we're getting close to the Nazis. Now this is a Lutheran
minister and theologian saying we're getting close to the Nazis. And he
cited Dietrich Bonhoffer, the great German Lutheran theologian and =
pastor
who was the Chaplain to the anti-Hitler resistance and later executed =
by
the Gestapo. He cited Bonhoffer and his book Cost of Discipleship where
Bonhoffer said: you know we churches here in Germany, all we're =
preaching
is cheap grace. We're telling people yes they're saved but they aren't
doing anything about it. Justification alone, no good works, no cost.=20

And indeed if you read through Bonhoffer's Cost of Discipleship and
several of his other things, you'll see him taking a position very =
similar
to what was agreed upon today in Augsburg on the relationship between
faith and good works; namely, if you do believe in God and you believe =
you
are saved, then you must go out and do something about it--which =
Bonhoffer
did and it cost him his life.=20

And what Nelson-Pallmayer was saying is, after the Gulf War, we're in a
similar situation here in America. We need to take Bonhoffer seriously.
Are our Christian churches just teaching cheap grace? And of course the
suggestion he was making is, yes. We need to emulate Bonhoffer's =
example,
Nelson-Pallmayer was saying, again from a theologically-based Lutheran
tradition.=20

At the end of the book, Nelson-Pallmayer offered a list of suggestions =
of
what concerned Christians could do about the American Empire to keep it
from going the same way as the Nazis. I won't go through the list here,
but two things really struck me on the list. First he felt that as a
minister, a theologian and a concerned Christian, he had a moral
obligation to discourage anyone from going into the U.S. Armed Forces
because they don't protect anything. They simply rape, rob, loot and
pillage around the world today, and this is inconsistent with Christian
moral theology as he sees it.  The second point he makes is that he
believes he is obliged to pray against the United States achieving its
objectives around the world. Very powerful statement by =
Nelson-Pallmayer.
I would encourage you to read his book--it speaks for itself.=20

Well, everything the analysis I gave you here today from a Lutheran
perspective can also be confirmed from a Catholic perspective. Very
different. Using the same sources of Scripture, Catholic liberation
theology--Guttierez, Boff, Casadalliga, Father, later President =
Aristide,
etc. But a very different perspective on the exact same problem. And =
the
Catholic liberation theologians in America's southern hemisphere would
agree with everything Nelson-Pallmayer said from a Lutheran perspective
but they would add the following: Oh yes, the United States of America =
is
just like the Roman Empire at the time of Jesus Christ and the only =
thing
we would add is that if Jesus Christ came back and reestablished his
ministry today in Latin America, the United States government would =
kill
Him--just like the Romans did.=20

And the primary case in point of course being the assassination of
Archbishop Romero in San Salvador, the Catholic Archbishop of El =
Salvador,
who was assassinated for publicly criticizing a CIA-imposed military
dictatorship back in 1980 while saying mass in church on orders of =
Roberto
Daubisson. He was trained by the United States government, working with
the Central Intelligence Agency at the time. And the United States
government did everything humanly possible to cover up and justify the
assassination of Archbishop Romero.=20

And this story can also be found in another book by the Revered Jack
Nelson-Pallmayer, a Lutheran theologian and minister, called School of =
the
Assassins, so-called School of the Americas. Nelson-Pallmayer explains =
how
the United States government since the end of the Second World War has
armed, equipped, supplied, and trained some of the most brutal military
dictators in Latin America including Daubisson, Noriega, Cedras, and a
whole list of other genocidal monsters. These are our creations. Since
this is Halloween, these are our Frankenstein monsters. We created =
these
guys.=20

And then of course at the end of the decade of the 1980s once again the
brutal military dictatorship in El Salvador murdered six Jesuit Priests
involved in the peace movement in El Salvador at their home as well as
their housekeeper--just murdered them--blew their brains out. And the
murderers and killers were in the Atlacatl brigade trained courtesy of =
the
United States government. And the U.S. government did everything =
possible
to lie and cover up about these murders.=20

So the Catholic liberation theologians I think would add and say, yes =
if
Jesus Christ were to come back today, the United States would kill him. =
I
agree.=20

Well, I don't know where that leaves any of you one way or the other. =
But
certainly that's the way I see the question of faith in action. Faith =
and
resistance. I agree with Nelson-Pallmayer. I agree with the Catholic
liberation theologians. I think it's interesting that we see an almost
identical analysis of the theological problem from a Lutheran =
perspective
and a Catholic perspective. Each operating independently of each other =
but
they come to the same conclusion.=20

And since we are at the conclusion of the hour, let me conclude with =
those
stirring words of Martin Luther: Here I stand. I cannot do otherwise. =
God
help me. Amen.=20

=20



________________________________________________________________________=
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-----Original Message-----
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 9:13 PM


Francis: Some of us are planning a meetig some time in February to talk
about US violations of international law. I want to call it "US Super
Outlaw." Do you have anything recent written on that subject?

                        Peter

yle, Francis wrote:
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Boyle, Francis [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:36 AM
> To: '[e-mail]'
> Cc: 'AALS Section on Minority Grps. mailing list';
> '[e-mail]'; '[e-mail]'
> Subject: No Sour Grapes! AS/JIL&Power
>=20
> Dear Professor Khan:
>         Actually, I stopped going to the Conventions of the American
Society
> of International Law and Power over  a decade ago because I got fed =
up
with
> their pronounced and pervasive anti-Arab bigotry and racism. It =
turned my
> stomach. Ditto for the American Journal of International Law and =
Power.
> Francis A. Boyle
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: khan ali [mailto:[e-mail]]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2000 10:25 AM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: Sour Grapes
>=20
>=20
>         I want to add my voice to that of Professor Boyle on the =
workings
> of what he calls "Am. Soc. Int. L & Power," an obvious reference to =
ASIL
> and perhaps to the AJIL, a journal published under ASIL command and
> control.
>         ASIL has done good work, but it remains wedded to the =
interests of
> the United States foreign policy and the scholarship printed in the =
AJIL
> is predominantly boring, mechanistic, oligarchic, un-intellectual, =
and
> almost always pro-Israel.
>         Here is one example. AJIL has acknowledged receiving my book =
"The
> Extinction of Nation-States: A World without Borders"--but has failed =
in
> the past three years to find a reviewer for it, even though the book =
has
> been reviewed in several European journals.
>         The book challenges the notions of the single super power and
> shows how historically the Church and the Empire failed to institute =
a
> pyramidical legal order. It also challenges the notion of the chosen
> people, a reference to Romans and the English (and now to people like
> defunct Newt Gingrich), who foolishly believed that God had created =
them
> as the best people in the world.
>         Most importantly, the book challenges the notion of the
> nation-state and argues that its present legal and political form is =
no
> longer sustainable, a prediction that does not sit well with those =
who are
> overly obsessed with the existence of "the state of Israel."
>         The book is perhaps too radical for the boring and bland
> intellectuals of ASIL and AJIL, but it speaks the truth that would =
become
> irrefutable in due time and I am sure the book will be, one day, =
reviewed
> in AJIL, a command and control publication of ASIL and Power.
>         Of course, AJIL and ASIL and Power may dismiss this email as =
'sour
> grapes,' the complaint of a disgruntled law professor whose book =
simply
> does not meet the standards of AJIL.
>=20
> Ali Khan
> Professor of International Law
> & Human Rights,
> Washburn University
> Topeka, KS 66621
>=20
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) FW: Pinochet Case a Landmark
Date: 13 Jan 2000 09:03:58 -0600

Of course this is true. During the Greenock trial  we argued the Pinochet
case to get that Directed Verdict from the Scottish Judge against the
legality of the British Trident2s. fab.

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Wednesday, January 12, 2000 8:44 PM


Pinochet Case A Landmark
But Rights Group Disappointed If No Trial

(New York, January 12, 2000) -- Human Rights Watch said today that the
arrest of Augusto Pinochet represented a permanent advance in the cause
of human rights, despite the fact that a British medical evaluation may
prevent Gen. Pinochet's extradition to Spain.

"It's a disappointment for Pinochet's thousands of victims that he may
never have to face trial in Spain," said Reed Brody, Advocacy Director
of Human Rights Watch. "But the very fact that he was arrested, and that
his crimes were enumerated in a court of law, has already changed the
calculus of dictators around the world. The Pinochet case signified the
beginning of the end of their impunity."

The Pinochet case helped to establish the principle that grave human
rights crimes are subject to "universal jurisdiction" and can be
prosecuted anywhere in the world. The British government's decision to
arrest Pinochet, and then to commence extradition proceedings,
solidified the idea that torture and "disappearances" committed in Chile
are also crimes in Great Britain. Two rulings by the House of Lords
found that Pinochet was not immune from prosecution even though he was
head of state at the time the crimes were committed.

"The Pinochet precedent is already transforming international human
rights law," said Brody. "I'm sorry the general won't be going to
prison. But overall, his case still represents a tremendous victory for
human rights."

Brody noted that Pinochet's October 1998 arrest opened up new political
freedoms in Chile, where the former dictator held the position of
"senator for life" and was continuing to exert a chilling influence on
Chilean political life. He expressed the hope that if Pinochet is not
extradited to Spain, he should also not be allowed to return to Chile to
try and re-establish his influence there.

"If he's too sick to stand trial, he's too sick to be a senator," said
Brody.

Brody said that Human Rights Watch would urge British Home Secretary
Jack Straw to apply appropriate standards in deciding to extradite
Pinochet. "Being a sick old man does not make someone unfit to stand
trial," said Brody. "If Pinochet is genuinely unable to participate in
his own defense, then extraditing him would not serve the cause of
justice."

For more information, please contact:
In New York: Reed Brody 1-212-216-1206
In Brussels: Jean-Paul Marthoz 322-736-7838

_____________________________________________________________
Keep up with breaking news! Join our Hot Topics list.
http://www.topica.com/lists/breakingnews/t/12

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Peace through Reason <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) NEEDED:NAMES OF DOWNWINDERS
Date: 14 Jan 2000 12:46:49 -0500

Alice, have you subscribed to "Downwinders" at onelist.com?  I'm sending
your message to the group; you may get replies.

Ellen Thomas


____________________________________________________________

* Peace Through Reason - http://prop1.org - Convert the War Machines! *
____________________________________________________________

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) NEEDED:NAMES OF DOWNWINDERS
Date: 14 Jan 2000 13:15:46 -0500

Ellen

Did you get my e-mail about  needing to talk with a lawyer?  Do you know one
I could call?


Bruce K. Gagnon
Coordinator
Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space
PO Box 90083
Gainesville, Fl. 32607
[phone]
http://www.globenet.free-online.co.uk
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Friday, January 14, 2000 12:46 PM


> Alice, have you subscribed to "Downwinders" at onelist.com?  I'm sending
> your message to the group; you may get replies.
>
> Ellen Thomas
>
>
> ____________________________________________________________
>
> * Peace Through Reason - http://prop1.org - Convert the War Machines! *
> ____________________________________________________________
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Andrew Lichterman <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) a reality check, of a sort
Date: 14 Jan 2000 15:41:52 -0800

Greetings abolitionists--

    Here's something to think about regarding what needs to be done to
make nuclear weapons abolition an issue, much less a possibility, in
this country--

    I am teaching an evening undergraduate legal studies class (a legal
history class focusing on the relationship between law, lawyers, and
social movements) at a local college here in the San Francisco Bay area.

    The students range in age from mid-twenties to mid-forties, were
mostly women,  middle class, and were reasonably reflective of the Bay
Area's ethnic diversity.

    I do an exercise where relevant on the first night of class (for a
class like this or environmental law, for example) that goes like this:

I break the students up into small groups, and ask them to spend an hour
doing the following:  1) make a list (agreed upon by the members of the
small group) of the three most important environmental problems facing
the world.  Make another list of the three most important  social
problems.  Sketch broadly solutions to each problem.  Then describe how
you would use legal skills to work for the solutions you suggested--
what type of individuals and organizations you would work in or with and
what kinds of strategies you would pursue.  The exercise tells me a lot
about how the students think about the world, their ideas about how
social change occurs, and their images of law and lawyers, and hence
helps me figure out how to teach the class.

    What is significant for our purposes is this:  No group identified
as an important social or environmental problem anything having to
nuclear weapons, war, peace,  the military, militarism, nuclear power,
or  radioactive waste.  I strolled around the room listening to the
groups at work, and I never heard any of these topics mentioned.  I
should note I have done this exercise a number of times over the past
decade, with similar results.

  The issues identified by the various groups are listed below, with
those mentioned by several groups listed first (plus a few notes of
interest)

Environmental issues:

Habitat loss/deforestation
garbage/landfills/recycling
air quality
water quality
toxic waste
pollution (general)
global waming

Socioeconomic issues:

overpopulation
homelessness/poverty
lack of education
drugs (with considerable sentiment for legalization)
crime
large prison population, and lack of opportunities for rahabilitation
(this one is unusual, but we had a cluster of court system employees in
one group)

Also notable (if not surprising) during the discussion of solutions and
strategies were  expressions of powerlessness, of the inability of
individuals to affect large issues by any means other than changing
their individual behavior (e.g. reducing pollution via individual
consumer and lifestyle choices).  On this same theme, there were several
expressions of dissatisfaction with and cynicism about electoral
politics--although for widely varying reasons.

  If we are to have a movement for abolition, people first must
understand why nuclear weapons still are an issue which is relevant to
their lives.   We must also come up with convincing explanations of how
ordinary people can act together to make change on big issues.  This is
where our strategies must begin.

A.



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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Andrew Lichterman <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) The American Experience | Race for the Superbomb | Nuclear Blast Mapper
Date: 14 Jan 2000 17:34:42 -0800

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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The PBS web site has a page where you can type in an address and have a
map generated of the blast and fallout effects of a 1mt nuclear weapon.
 Have a nice weekend.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/sfeature/mapablast.html

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<FONT SIZE="+1" FACE="HELVETICA, ARIAL"><B>Blast Mapper: Map a Blast</B></FONT><BR CLEAR=ALL>
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<B>Step 1: Choose a Weapon...</B><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR>
<FORM action="http://pbs.vicinity.com/pbs/blast.hm" method=get>
<TABLE CELLAPDDING=5>
<TR><TD>
<DL>
<DT><INPUT TYPE="radio" name="SEC" value="pressure" CHECKED> <B>1 Megaton Surface Blast: Pressure Damage Map</B>

<DD>The fission bomb detonated over Hiroshima had the explosive blast equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT. Blast Mapper's hydrogen bomb, hypothetically detonated on the earth's surface at any location you choose, has about 80 times the blast power of that 1945 explosion.
<P>

<DT><INPUT TYPE="radio" name="SEC" value="fallout"> <B>1 Megaton Surface Blast: Fallout Map</B>
<DD>
One of the effects of nuclear weapons detonated on or near the earth's surface is the resulting radioactive fallout. Immediately after the detonation, a great deal of earth and debris, made radioactive by the blast, is carried high into the atmosphere, forming the now infamous mushroom cloud. The material drifts downwind and gradually falls back to earth, contaminating thousands of square miles. Make this selection if you wish to see the fallout pattern over a seven-day period.
<P>

<DT><INPUT TYPE="radio" name="SEC" value="25pressure"> <B>25 Megaton Air Blast: Pressure Damage Map</B>
<DD>This is a big bomb. At 25 megatons, it has about 2,000 times the explosive power of the fission bomb used on Hiroshima. Exploding it high in the atmosphere, at 17,500 feet, will maximize its destructive range.
</DL>
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<B>Step 2: Enter Location of Target</B><BR><BR>

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</SELECT>
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<BR>

<DT><B>Step 3...</B><BR>

<DD><input type=image src="images/detonate.gif" ALT="Detonate" WIDTH="97" ALIGN=MIDDLE HEIGHT="24" BORDER="0" HSPACE="8"><BR><BR><BR>
</FORM>
<BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="HELVETICA,ARIAL"><A HREF="../feedback.html">Comments about "Race for the Superbomb"</A>.</FONT></CENTER>
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Boyle, Francis" <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) RE:UK  Prevention of Terrorism Bill
Date: 15 Jan 2000 14:57:01 -0600

back during the terrible days of the Reagan administration, we had a very
courageous women that they had  indicted for a felony under a special
anti-terrorism statute for painting "Apartheid is a Bloody Sin" on the
criminal apartheid South African Embassy in Washington DC. Of course the
real criminals were the "diplomats" in the Embassy promoting apartheid and
the Reagan administration officials  with their policy of "constructive
engagement." Constructive engagement with criminals renders you an aider and
abettor to their crimes. She was facing five years for this act of
heroism--as if around 1940 someone had been indicted for painting "Nazism is
a Bloody Sin" on the German Embassy in Washington DC. To make a long story
short, we got her a hung jury in Federal District Court in Washington DC by
using international law. We might have gotten her an outright acquittal, but
she did not let us exercise any challenges on voir dire:"God will pick my
jury!" Eventually, she pled guilty to defacement in DC municipal court and
paid a fine. Having not read this statute, i could not predict a similar
outcome in Britain. But it has been done before and it could be done again.
fab


-----Original Message-----
Sent: Friday, January 14, 2000 6:07 PM


Dear TPers
At the last Reps meeting the new Prevention Of Terrorism Act was discussed
and it was agreed to support campaigns against it. So can anyone represent
TP at this meeting in Manchester on Jan 24th?
Jane


>-------- Original Message --------
>Subject: Prevention of Terrorism Bill
>Date: Wed,  5 Jan 2000 20:46:57 +0000
>From: "Phil  Boast" <[e-mail]>
>
>We are writing to invite you to send someone to a meeting about
>the proposed Prevention of Terrorism legislation which is now
>being presented to Parliament. The meeting is to be held at 7.30
>pm, 24th January 2000, at the Friends Meeting House, Mount
>Street, Central Manchester. We are all inviting all groups we
>can think of that may be affected by the new Bill.
>
>A meeting was recently held under the working title 'The
>Terrorist Tea Party', to hear and discuss details of the bill and
>their possible implications. Those of us at the meeting came to
>the consensus, without much difficulty, that the proposed
>measures are of grave concern and require a co-ordinated
>response.
>
>The new legislation will mean a wide range of groups may find
>themselves targeted as 'terrorist' organisations, and subject to
>the wider powers granted to the police and military services.
>The Bill widens the definition of 'terrorism' to include the use
>or threat to use 'serious violence against people or property'.
>This, of course, will not cover the use of serious violence as it
>is done by the UK government against both people and property.
>It is more likely that it will apply to ploughshares groups and
>'Bread not Bombs' actions, along with crop trashing by genetix
>campaigners or damaging vivisection laboratories by animal
>rights campaigners, along with many others.
>
>The Bill states that the new classification will include actions
>overseas and actions by groups based overseas, and will make
>it illegal to raise funds for groups drawn in by the new
>definition. Is anyone out there involved in support groups for the
>likes of the Zapatistas, within East Timor or West Papua, the
>Ogoni in Nigeria or the Kurds in south west Turkey? If so, this
>legislation may apply to you, especially if you have been at all
>effective in raising the profile of the people you support and the
>struggle in which they are involved.
>
>As usual, the police will be at liberty to interpret the legislation
>as they see fit. Protest sites, peace camps and street parties may
>find they fall foul of the clause defining 'terrorism' as 'action
>which creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public'.
>
>Liberty have described the proposed measures as an
>unwarranted and unprecedented curtailment of civil liberties in
>times of peace. People may end up with three month sentences
>for unwittingly being in the wrong place (a 'cordoned area') or
>five years for the offence of failing to report a suspicion of a
>colleague or partner. The Secretary of State will have powers
>to ban organisations, and arrested people will find they can be
>detained for up to 48 hours with no right to consult a solicitor or
>inform anyone of their detention. The armed forces will have
>(limited) powers to stop and search, whilst police constables
>will have powers to strip search, possibly including people of
>the opposite sex. Some offences transfer the burden of proof
>from guilt to innocence.
>
>All this should not, perhaps, be too surprising, although it is
>still shocking. Lately the present dominant culture of state and
>private institutions has not shown much imagination in dealing
>with dissent. They are not interested in taking on board the
>perfectly legitimate concerns expressed on a whole range of
>issues by grassroots, campaign and activist organisations.
>Instead, any effective form of dissent is to become a political
>crime, to be dealt with by means of special powers. How far
>down the road does this take us to a terrorist state?
>
>According to the speaker at our last meeting the legislation is
>currently time tabled to become law sometime around August
>2000. If you share our concern about the Prevention of
>Terrorism Bill we would urge you to attend the meeting in
>January, or at the very least contact ourselves ( Phil or Cath,
>One World Centre, Basement, 6 Mount Street, Manchester, M2
>5NS), or the Right to Protest Forum, c/o J-B Loveaux, Flat 7,
>10a Airlie Gardens, London WA8 7AL, [phone]
>
>
>Full details of the Bill are available on the internet at:
>www.parliament.the_stationary_office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmbills/010/2000100.
htm
>
>
>Why not visit the 'Think Globally - Act Locally' website at:
http://www.newcastle54.freeserve.co.uk/think_index.htm
>
>
>
>
>


Trident Ploughshares 2000, 42-46 Bethel Street,
Norwich, Norfolk, NR2 1NR, UK

tel + 44 (0) 1603 611953
fax + 44 (0) 1603 633174
http://www.gn.apc.org/tp2000/

Email :    [e-mail]

Nuclear weapons are immoral, dangerous, polluting, a terrible waste of
resources and were found to be generally illegal by the International Court
of Justice on 8th July 1996.

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Helen Caldicott" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: (abolition-usa) a reality check, of a sort
Date: 17 Jan 2000 13:21:32 +1100

Andrew I agree with you, it really just means that your students are
ignorant and the education must begin, especially now that Putin is
restarting the cold war and George W will probably be elected, then we are
in serious trouble! Helen Caldicott

----- Original Message -----
Sent: Saturday, January 15, 2000 10:41 AM


> Greetings abolitionists--
>
>     Here's something to think about regarding what needs to be done to
> make nuclear weapons abolition an issue, much less a possibility, in
> this country--
>
>     I am teaching an evening undergraduate legal studies class (a legal
> history class focusing on the relationship between law, lawyers, and
> social movements) at a local college here in the San Francisco Bay area.
>
>     The students range in age from mid-twenties to mid-forties, were
> mostly women,  middle class, and were reasonably reflective of the Bay
> Area's ethnic diversity.
>
>     I do an exercise where relevant on the first night of class (for a
> class like this or environmental law, for example) that goes like this:
>
> I break the students up into small groups, and ask them to spend an hour
> doing the following:  1) make a list (agreed upon by the members of the
> small group) of the three most important environmental problems facing
> the world.  Make another list of the three most important  social
> problems.  Sketch broadly solutions to each problem.  Then describe how
> you would use legal skills to work for the solutions you suggested--
> what type of individuals and organizations you would work in or with and
> what kinds of strategies you would pursue.  The exercise tells me a lot
> about how the students think about the world, their ideas about how
> social change occurs, and their images of law and lawyers, and hence
> helps me figure out how to teach the class.
>
>     What is significant for our purposes is this:  No group identified
> as an important social or environmental problem anything having to
> nuclear weapons, war, peace,  the military, militarism, nuclear power,
> or  radioactive waste.  I strolled around the room listening to the
> groups at work, and I never heard any of these topics mentioned.  I
> should note I have done this exercise a number of times over the past
> decade, with similar results.
>
>   The issues identified by the various groups are listed below, with
> those mentioned by several groups listed first (plus a few notes of
> interest)
>
> Environmental issues:
>
> Habitat loss/deforestation
> garbage/landfills/recycling
> air quality
> water quality
> toxic waste
> pollution (general)
> global waming
>
> Socioeconomic issues:
>
> overpopulation
> homelessness/poverty
> lack of education
> drugs (with considerable sentiment for legalization)
> crime
> large prison population, and lack of opportunities for rahabilitation
> (this one is unusual, but we had a cluster of court system employees in
> one group)
>
> Also notable (if not surprising) during the discussion of solutions and
> strategies were  expressions of powerlessness, of the inability of
> individuals to affect large issues by any means other than changing
> their individual behavior (e.g. reducing pollution via individual
> consumer and lifestyle choices).  On this same theme, there were several
> expressions of dissatisfaction with and cynicism about electoral
> politics--although for widely varying reasons.
>
>   If we are to have a movement for abolition, people first must
> understand why nuclear weapons still are an issue which is relevant to
> their lives.   We must also come up with convincing explanations of how
> ordinary people can act together to make change on big issues.  This is
> where our strategies must begin.
>
> A.
>
>
>
> -
>  To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to
"[e-mail]"
>  with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
>  For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
>  "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.
>


-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
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 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Charles F Hilfenhaus <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Oboe 3 Dry Runs
Date: 18 Jan 2000 18:22:04 EST

Nevada Test Site Alert 1-18-2000
Jumping right to work after their Martin Luther King Day vacation the Doe
conducted a series of dry runs for the Subcritical nuclear test Oboe 3
this afternoon.  After the speed with which they readied Oboe 2 in
November, this test could come as early as later this week and almost
certainly this month.
Remember Operation Ranger 1-27-2000
January 27th 2000 will be the 49th anniversary of the first nuclear test
at the Nevada Test Site.  Operation Ranger air dropped five nuclear
weapons between 1-27 and 2-6 1951 onto the Nevada desert.  AAV will host
a vigil this year at the entrance to the Nevada Test Site and a planning
meeting for next years 50th remembrance "Remember Operation Ranger -
Honor Three Generations of Atomic Veterans".  PLEASE SAVE THE DATE NOW
Saturday January 27, 2001.
Charlie Hilfenhaus <[e-mail]>
Alliance of Atomic Veterans
Director, Atomic Workers Division

-
 To unsubscribe to abolition-usa, send an email to "[e-mail]"
 with "unsubscribe abolition-usa" in the body of the message.
 For information on digests or retrieving files and old messages send
 "help" to the same address.  Do not use quotes in your message.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Abolition 2000 Grassroots Newsletter January 2000
Date: 19 Jan 2000 13:32:09 -0800

(Apologies for any duplicate postings due to cross-overs on lists).


************************
In This Edition...
************************
I.                  Introduction
II.                 New Organizations
III.               Articles
IV.               NEW! Abolition 2000 Organizations in the Year 2000
V.                Actions You Can Take
VI.               Calendar Events
VII.              Resources
VIII.             Letter from the Editor
************************
************************

*****************
Introduction
*****************

With less than 98 days until the first day of the Non-Proliferation Treaty
Review Conference, we still need to enroll 568 organizations to reach our
goal of 2000 by the time of the NPT Rev Con.  Currently, the Network is
comprised of 1,432 organizations in 91 countries and 239 Municipalities
have endorsed the Abolition 2000 Municipal Resolution.  We are seeking your
support to help us reach our goal.  Please join me in wishing a warm
welcome to the following organizations and municipalities which have
recently endorsed the Abolition 2000 statement and joined the network.   I
urge you to support those within the network and continue building
relationships with like-minded individuals and organizations.  Please make
a commitment to enroll a new organization this week.  Thank you for your
continued support.

************************
New Organizations
************************

Amis de la Terre (Friends of the Earth), Montreuil/France
Asociacion Lihue, Rio Negro/Argentina
Campaign Against Military Bases, Kopavogur/Iceland
Citizens for a United Earth, Ionia/New York
Copper County Peace Alliance, Houghton/Michigan
Earth Day New York, New York/New York
Friends of the Earth England and Whales, London/UK
Institute for Peace and Justice, St. Louis/Missouri
International Institute of Concern for Public Health, Toronto/Canada
Lawrence Coalition for Peace and Justice, Lawrence/Kansas
Maison de Vigilance, Tavery/France
Miracle Productions International, Springwood/Australia
Redwood Peace Coalition, Arcata/California
Scientists and Technologists Against Nuclear Dumping, Perth/Western Australia
Severodonetsk of the Town Environmental Association "Zeleny Svit",
Severodonetsk/Ukraine
Sisters of St. Dominic, San Rafael/California
Socio-Ecological Union, Moskow/Russia
Taller de Educacion, Santiago/Spain
Walhi Sulteng, Palu/Indonesia
Womens Energy Matters, Berkeley/California
World Citizens for Peace, Richland/Washington

**************
Articles
**************

            Mouvement De La Paix Hosts Congress for A "Peace Planet"


On November 26-28, 1999, Le Mouvement de la Paix held a national congress
for leading world peace movements in Paris, France.  In addition to
representatives from Peace Action (US), Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
(UK), Japan Peace Committee and many other organizations, more than 350
delegates from France attended the conference.

Congress participants expressed concern for continued risks of nuclear
proliferation and increased military expenditures.  Participants renewed
their commitment to campaign for a treaty to abolish nuclear weapons.  In
addition, delegates urged French authorities to convene a conference in
Paris for a Nuclear Weapons Convention in the year 2000.

Le Mouvement de la Paix will launch a campaign, targeting young people and
artists in particular, to "Imagine a Peace Planet." Le Mouvement de la Paix
hopes to recruit 200 young people (100 from France and 100 from other
countries around the world) to send to the UN Millennium General Assembly,
which will be held in New York in September 2000.

An appeal to any interested associations and organizations was launched at
the end of the congress to organize "meetings for a new impetus for action
for peace" in the year 2000.

For more information or to get involved, please contact:
Daniel Durand
Le Mouvement de la Paix (French Peace Movement)
139 bd Victor Hugo / F - 93400 ST-OUEN
Nouvelle adresse :
Email:  [e-mail]
URL:  Http://www.mvtpaix.org



                 Japanese Campaign Launched to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

On December 22, 1999, "The Year 2000 Campaign to Abolish Nuclear
Weapons" was launched in Tokyo, Japan.  At the heart of the campaign is a
"2000 Citizens' Appeal-Mission of Japan to Abolish Nuclear Weapons."  2000
opinion leaders from various professionals are expected to sign the civic
statement.

The statement already has more than 619 signatories, including signatures
from actors, singers and other high profile individuals, and many more
continue to sign.  Hiro Umebayashi, the International Coordinator of the
Year 2000 Campaign in Japan, Executive Director of Peace Depot and a member
of the Abolition 2000 Coordinating Committee, said he received 66 phone
calls in the two days following the Campaign launch.

Umebayashi stated, "In my sense, this surprise attack by public response
has urged both  journalists and campaigners in Japan, whose role is to
channel such voices to policy change of the Government, to have
profound reflection on their sense of public awareness."

To get involved in the "Year 2000 Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons" in
Japan or for more information, please contact:

Hiro Umebayashi
International Coordinator, PCDS
Executive Director, Peace Depot
3-3-1 Minowa-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-0051 Japan
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]



                                          Keeping Heavenly Peace

More than 15 protesters gathered at Vandenberg Air Force Base on Tuesday,
18 January 2000, to oppose the second test of the National Missile Defense
(NMD) System.  Holding signs that read "Star Wars Test Another strapped
down chicken test?", protesters also gathered at Schriever AFB in Colorado
Springs in solidarity with their California counterparts.  Schriever AFB is
the Joint National Test Facility that handles all the computer targeting.

Although Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) has been called "defensive", it
poses great international risk.  The deployment of the NMD system will
require the abrogation of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty,
thereby increasing already volatile tensions with Russia and China.
Russian officials have threatened that any amendments to the ABM treaty
could undo 20 years of arms control efforts.

Proponents of Missile Defense argue that the NMD system is needed to
protect the US from missile attacks by "rogue" states.  However, the NMD
system really represents the determination of the US Space Command to
control and dominate Outer Space.

 The US Space Command has released "Vision for 2020", a joint initiative
that combines US Army, Navy and Air Forces in a unified command to dominate
"the space dimension of military operations to protect US interests and
investment, integrating Space Forces into warfighting capabilities across
the full spectrum of conflict." "Control of Space", defined in the Vision
2020 as "the ability to assure access to space, freedom of operations
within the space medium, and an ability to deny others the use of space, if
required", is one of four operational concepts required to "achieve overall
campaign objectives."

More than $120 Billion has been spent to date on BMD programs.   President
Clinton intends to ask Congress for a $2.2 Billion increase in spending for
National Missile Defense in his 2001 Budget.  Officials now estimate that
the NMD system will cost $12.7 billion over the next five years.

Yet, the success of such a costly system leaves doubts about feasibility.
The Welch Report, issued in 1998, documented only four successes out of 17
tests conducted by the BMD Organization. The Pentagon had originally
scheduled 18 tests of the NMD system before President Clinton is expected
to make a decision in June 2000 whether or not deploy the system.  However,
citing costs as the reason, the number of scheduled tests has been reduced
to three.  Quality standards remain a serious concern, especially when one
miss could cause horrendous casualties and irreparable damage.

Is a costly arms race, which diverts resources and funds from important
social programs such as healthcare, social security and education, really
how we want to begin the new millennium?  Instead of wasting billions
testing undeveloped technology that undermines the security of the US,
defense efforts should concentrate on the enforcement of treaties that
reduce the nuclear threat, enhance international cooperation and fulfill
existing obligations.

For more information or to find out how to take to oppose Ballistic Missile
Defense, visit:
Http://www.globenet.free-online.co.uk
Http://www.abolition2000.org



******************************************************
Abolition 2000 Organizations in the Year 2000
******************************************************

The "Abolition 2000 Organizations in the Year 2000" is a new section of the
Abolition 2000 Grassroots Newsletter.  This section will highlight the
activities of and statements from various organizations in Abolition 2000.
If you would like to share your activities and plans with other members of
the Abolition 2000 Global Network, please email your statement to Carah Ong
at [e-mail].


                               Malaysia

Ronald McCoy, Chair
Malaysian Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
17, Jalan Tanjung (5/4)
46000 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Tel : [phone]   Fax : [phone]
We said:  NO NUKES!  HAPUSKAN SENJATA NUKLEAR!

In the year 2000, MPPNW will continue to work with the Malaysian Ministry
of Foreign Affairs and the Malaysian Mission at the UN, New York, on
Malaysian initiatives on nuclear disarmament, including the "Malaysian
Resolution", which has recently been adopted by the UN General Assembly.


                                   Romania

Aungiira Aurel Duta
Mama Terra / For Mother Earth-Romania &
Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space
A.Obregia 5/R14/69,
RO-75571 Bucharest-4,
Romania, Europe
Tel/Fax: [phone]
Mobile:  [phone]
E-mail:  [e-mail]

On the national level, Mama Terra had a campaign against Nuclear Energy in
1999.  An international petition was launched last year to stop the
Cernavoda NPP in Romania, and we had the first reactions this year.  Mama
Terra also sponsored a campaign in Romania, before the Cassini fly-by, in
June.  In August, Mama Terra participated in the international camp
ECOTOPIA, which was held in Romania. Various workshops, seminars, video,
info, etc. on Nuclear Abolition were presented.

Internationally, members of Mama Terra participated in the conference
organized by the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space
in Darmstadt, in March 1999.  In May, Mama Terra also participated in the
Hague Appeal for Peace held in the Netherlands and the 2000 Walk in
Brussels.   Mama Terra also participated at the conference on "Nuclear
Policy & Security" in St. Petersburg, Russia in June 99.  In July, Mama
Terra lobbied at the UNISPACE III Forum in Vienna, Austria and attended the
European Futures Congress organized by Alternative to the European Union at
the Prague in the Czech Republic.  During the month of December, Mama Terra
lobbied at the European Union Summit in Helsinki, Finland.

During the year 2000, we plan to participate at the General Meeting of
Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space, in Washington DC
(April 2000), as well as we plan to attend the INES meeting in Stocholm,
Sweden in June 2000.  More plans will be scheduled after the international
meeting of For Mother Earth.



***************************
Action You Can Take
***************************

                  Write a Letter to Your Head of State!

Write a letter to your Head of State urging him/her to demonstrate a
commitment to nuclear disarmament by attending the 2000 Non-Proliferation
Treaty Review and Extension Conference.  Abolition 2000 can use the unique
setting of the NPT Rev Con to call upon the Nuclear Weapons States to
pursue negotiations for a treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons.

Please help Abolition 2000 make an impact at the upcoming conference by
generating letters, telephone calls, visits and special contacts to all
Heads of State.
Encourage others to do the same by sharing your actions and progress with
Abolition Global Caucus listserv (send your message to:
[e-mail]).  If you would like a sample letter, please
email Carah Ong at [e-mail].

 For more information about the Non-Proliferation Treaty history and the
2000 NPT Rev Con, please visit the Reaching Critical Will website,
sponsored by Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, United
Nations Office.
URL:  Http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org


                       Names of Downwinders Needed!

Abolition 2000 is collecting names of Downwinders as part of a
demonstration that will be held at the United Nations during the NPT Rev
Con.  More than 1,000 names and demonstrators will be needed from around
the world.  The demonstration at the UN is expected to bring media
attention to the human suffering caused by nuclear power generation and
more than 55 years of nuclear weapons testing and production.

Please send names with, city, country, date of exposure, death, or accident
(where available) to:
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]


                Sign the On-line Petition to Stop Ballistic Missile Defense!

With just one click, you can sign the new NO STAR WARS/STOP BMD on-line
petition.  To sign the petition, please visit:
Http://www.PetitionOnline.com.

 For more information about keeping Outer Space for peace, please contact:
Bruce K. Gagnon
Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space
PO Box 90083
Gainesville, Fl. 32607
[phone]
Http://www.globenet.free-online.co.uk


************************
Calendar of Events
************************

January

15-October 8  Year 2000 Global Peace Walk will journey from San Francisco
to Washington, DC, carrying petitions and messages of peace.  For more
information visit:  Http://www.globalpeacenow.org

17  Resist Lockheed Martin on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day by participating
in a nonviolent direct action and civil disobedience sponsored by the
Brandywine Peace Community.  The event will take place at noon at Lockheed
Martin on Mall Blvd.  For more information, please contact Brandywine Peace
Community at:
P.O. Box 81
Swarthmore, PA  19081
Tel:  [phone]    Email:  [e-mail]
Http://www.craftech.com/~dcpledge/brandywine

31  A protest vigil sponsored by the Global Network Against Weapons and
Nuclear Power in Space will be held from 10 am to 1 pm in front of the
Hyatt Regency in New Mexico during the 17th Annual Symposium on Space
Nuclear Power and Propulsion.  For more information visit:
Http://www.globenet.free-online.co.uk/



February

5-7  Student Peace Action Network (SPAN) announces a student summit in
Washington, D.C.  Join students from across the United States to meet,
talk, listen, learn, organize strategize and socialize.  SPAN will
subsidize up to 50% of each student's travel to the Summit.  Food and
lodging is provided.  No registration fee.  The Registration deadline is
January 21, 2000 For more information or to receive a registration form,
please contact: Student Peace Action Network, Attention: Amber
Email:  [e-mail]

6  The Interfaith Campaign for a Nuclear Free World announce an evening of
Interfaith prayer reflection and call to action.  "The Religious Imperative
for a Nuclear Free World" will be held on Sunday, 6 February 2000 at All
Saints Episcopal Church in Pasadena, California.  If you are interested in
attending, please contact:
St. Camillus Catholic Center
1911 Zonal Ave.
Los Angeles, CA  90033
Tel:  [phone]  Fax:  [phone]
URL:  Http://www.circlesofhope.org



March

1  Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific Day

1-8  Abolition Days sponsored by the Abolition 2000 Network to Eliminate
Nuclear Weapons.

5  30th Anniversary of the NPT entry into force

8  International Women's Day



April

13  The UK and Irish Local Authorities announce the third annual conference
on nuclear hazards.  Themes for the conference include:
- "Getting to Zero:  Implementation of the OSPAR agreement to cut
radioactive discharges
    from nuclear plants to the marine environment"
- "Polluter or Remediator?:  Can the Sellafield nuclear complex convert to
clean up?"
- "Protecting the Public:  Controlling the circulation of radioactive scrap
and preventing its
    incorporation into consumer goods."
- "Managing Nuclear Waste:  Review of progress with the rundown of highly
active liquid
    wastes at Sellafield and the outlook for UK policy."
For detailed information about the conference, please contact the Nuclear
Free Local Authorities Secretariat at:
Town Hall
Manchester, M60 2LA, UK
Email:  [e-mail]   URL:  Http://www.gn.apc.org/nfzns/

14-17  Keep Space for Peace!  Join activists from around the world in
Washington, D.C for four days of protesting plans to weaponize space.  For
more information please contact:
Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space
P.O. Box 90083
Gainsville, Florida  32607
Tel: [phone]  Email:  [e-mail]
URL:  www.globenet.free-online.co.uk

24-28  Auckland, New Zealand College of Humanities and Social Sciences
Massey University (at Albany) is holding a conference entitled "Enhancing
the prospect of peace within pluralistic societies and the pluralistic
global body, across the realms of Community, Nationality, International
Relations, and Individuality".   For further information on conference
themes and registration, please visit the website at:
http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwsocial/homepage.htm

or contact:  Dr. Warwick Tie (conference convenor), School of Sociology and
Women's Studies Massey University, Private Bag & Helli, North Shore Mail
Centre, New Zealand. Fax [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

24-May 19  Mark your Calendars!  The 2000 NPT Review Conference will be
held at the UN in New York.  Stay tuned for forthcoming information on
action you can take to demand disarmament from the nuclear weapons states.



May

7-13  Shoshone Walk and Run for the Damaged Land, Warm Springs to Mercury.
Please call Johnnie Bobb of the Western Shoshone Nation, Yomba Tribe at
[phone]

1-15  International Call-In-Days to White House & Congress on Star Wars
No BMD!

These two weeks will be a crucial time for activists around the world to
help create massive pressure on Clinton and Congress to back away from
dangerous, costly, and destabilizing plans to allow "early deployment" of
the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system.

22-26   The Millennium Forum at the UN will be an important opportunity for
Abolition 2000 organizations to interact with the rest of the NGO
community. The Millennium Forum is part of the preparations for the
Millennium Summit of the UN General Assembly that will take place in
September 2000.  For more information, visit:
Http://www.millenniumforum.org  or   www.un.org/millennium

22-27  "Visions of Peace" International Conference in Dublin, Ireland is
now accepting proposals for papers and presentations as part of the
UNESCO's International Year for a Culture of Peace.  The Conference is
sponsored by the Free University of Ireland.  Contact:
Sean English
55 Prussia Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
Tel:  [phone]   Email:  [e-mail]



June

14-18  International Network of Engineers and Scientists (INES) announces
an International Conference entitled "Challenges for Science and
Engineering in the 21st Century" in Stockholm, Sweden.  For more
information, contact the  INES 2000 Conference Secretariat at:
Gutenbergstr. 31,44139 Dortmund, Germany
Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone],
E-mail: [e-mail]
URL: Http://www.ines2000.org




July

1-9 August  The People's Campaign for Nonviolence will lead peace and
justice groups from around the United States in prayerful vigil and
peaceful protest at either the Pentagon, White House, or the Capitol
Building.  Each day, a different group from around the country will
maintain this call for peace and justice. For more information, please
contact the Fellowship of Reconciliation at:
Tel: [phone]. Email: [e-mail]
INFO: http://www.nonviolence.org/for/114.htm

6-9  The "International Conference on War Tax Issues" will be held in
Washington, D.C. The conference will be sponsored by the National Campaign
for a Peace Tax Fund.  For more information, contact the Peace Tax Fund at:
Tel:  [phone]   Email:  [e-mail]
URL:  Http://www.nonviolence.org

8-13  The Sixth World Congress of Educators for Peace will be held in
Paris, France.  For more information, contact:
IAEP
13 Allee M. Robespierre
92290 Chatenay-Malabrie, France
Tel:  [phone]
Email:  [e-mail]



October

7  International Day of Protest to Stop the Militarization of Space


************************
Resources
************************

Calendars

Houseman's Peace Diary and World Peace Directory 2000
ISBN:  0 85283 254 0     ISSN:  0957-0136     47th Edition

The attractively-produced Housmans Peace Diary for the year 2000 includes a
feature on International Peace Days and related commemorations. Its pocket
format combines a week-to-a-view appointments section with the uniquely
authoritative World Peace Directory.

The Appointments section includes a new selection of thoroughly-researched
anniversary dates, and a quote or campaigning note each week.

The World Peace Directory is fully re-compiled and lists 2000 organizations
in 160 countries working for Peace and Conflict Resolution, for the
Environment, and for Human Rights. Web and e-mail addresses are included,
in addition to post, phone and fax details, as well as a key to each
organization's areas of concern. This is the most comprehensive and
up-to-date directory of its kind published anywhere in the world.

The 2000 Peace Diary (printed on recycled paper) is on sale in selected
bookshops in many countries. There are discounts for multiple orders -
details available on request. For more information or to order a copy,
please contact:
Housmans Bookshop
5 Caledonian Road
Kings Cross, London N1 9DX, UK.
Tel:  [phone]  Fax: [phone],
Email:  [e-mail]



Books

"Nukes are not Forever" by Lev P. Feoktistov examines the history and
evolution of the Soviet atomic project.  A former chief architect of the
Soviet nuclear program, Feoktistov is now a member of the Russian Pugwash
movement.  The book presents an insight into the history of the nuclear
arms race in the USSR and an analysis of the present nuclear deterrence
policy.  "Nukes are not Forever" is a joint project of the Russian and
Swedish affiliates of the International Physicians for the Prevention of
Nuclear War (IPPNW).  For more information or to order a copy, please
email:  [e-mail].


"Defending Civil Resistance Under International Law" by Francis Anthony
Boyle is now available for purchase on-line at amazon.com. "Defending Civil
Resistance Under International Law" provides information to individuals on
how to design a legal defense for actions of civil resistance intended to
halt destructive government activities that violate international law.  The
book includes a special section on nuclear weapons activities. Price and
availability are subject to change To find out more information or purchase
the book, please visit amazon.com at:
 Http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/094132043X/ref=rm_item


"Learning to Glow:  A Nuclear Reader" by John Bradley is a collection of
essays that will challenge readers to re-examine their conceptions about
nuclear arms and radioactive waste.  "Learning to Glow" is told in the
voices of ordinary people, illuminating upon the unheard nuclear nightmares
and threats we face everyday.  For more information about "Learning to
Glow:  A Nuclear Reader", please visit
Http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/books/bid1296.htm



****************************
Letter from the Editor
****************************


January 2000

Dear Friends and Activists,

   The Non-Proliferation Treaty Review and Extension Conference will soon
be here and its outcome is critical for both Abolition 2000 and disarmament
efforts.  We need your action and support in order to make a strong
presence at the United Nations in April-May 2000.

Many of you remember the 1995 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review and Extension
Conference where, frustrated by the resolve of the nuclear weapons states
to maintain their arsenals, a few activists and concerned individuals had a
vision.  That vision of a more secure and livable world, free from the
threat of nuclear weapons, was the foundation for the international
movement that became known as the Abolition 2000 Network.
Now, more than ever before, the work of Abolition 2000 is vital to ensure a
more secure and livable world for our children, grandchildren and all
future generations.

   Please take the following actions to support Abolition 2000. You or
your organization may wish to focus on these activities
during the week of March 1-8, which the Network has designated
as International Abolition Days.  We cannot succeed without your help.

1.  Enroll one or more new organizations in the Abolition 2000 Global
Network.
2.  Circulate the Abolition 2000 International Petition.  By gathering
signatures, you can raise awareness about nuclear weapons.  Petitions will
be delivered at the NPT Conference.
3.  Gather the names of Downwinders and Indigenous Peoples directly
affected by the nuclear legacy.  (See ACTION YOU CAN TAKE for more
information).
4.  Write a letter to your head of state and urge him/her to attend the NPT
Rev Con.
5.  Donate to further the efforts of the Global Network.


   Please write or call and tell me what action you or your organization is
taking to further the work of Abolition 2000 and nuclear disarmament.  I
would love to hear from you.

Thank you for your continued support.  My best wishes to you in our common
work to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons.

Yours In Peace,
Carah


Carah Lynn Ong
Coordinator, Abolition 2000
1187 Coast Village Road PMB 121, Suite 1
Santa Barbara CA 93108

Phone [phone]  FAX[phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website http://www.abolition2000.org


Join the Abolition-USA or Abolition-Global Caucus list serve to regularly
receive updates about the Abolition movement.  Both caucus' also provide a
forum for conversation on nuclear-related issues as well as they are used
to post important articles and information pertaining to nuclear abolition.



To subscribe to the Abolition Global Caucus, please do one of the following:

1. Send a message to the list moderator at [e-mail]

2. Visit the Abolition-caucus website at:
Http://www.egroups.com/list/abolition-caucus/ and submit a membership form.

3. Visit the Abolition 2000 website and submit a membership form.

4. Send an e-mail to:  [e-mail]  (leave the
subject line and body of the message blank).


To post a message to the Abolition Global Caucus, send your message to:

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subject) to:
[e-mail]
In the body of the message, write:
"subscribe abolition-usa" (do not include quotation marks)

To post a message to the Abolition-USA list, mail your message to:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Shundahai Network <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) "Oboe 3" Dry Run
Date: 20 Jan 2000 08:55:40 -0800

Shundahai Friends,




January 18, 2000, the Department of Energy conducted two dry runs in
preparation for the next subcritical nuclear weapons test, "Oboe 3".

Derek Scammel from DOE public affairs has stated that the shot isn't
supposed to go until next month, however he would not indicate when in
the month.  Our guess is pretty dang quick- early Feb ?


"Oboe 3" would be latest out of 40 planned subcritical nuclear weapons
tests  series since 1997 at the Nevada Test Site. The U.S. has conducted
thousands of nuclear weapons tests between the 1950's- 90's on Newe
Sogobia- land whose proper stewards are the Western Shoshone Nation.

The DOE is once again trying to hide from the public, Derek Scammel,
Public affairs Office for DOE, once again has stated that subcritical
nuclear weapons tests are "no longer newsworthy".and that the DOE is not
required to give any information untill after the experiment, which he
says will be next month (February)   Is this the same way that
publicizing the real transportation maps in the Yucca Mt DEIS isn't
newsworthy?   These things are endangering our air, water and Mother
Earth.  <italic>NUCLEAR TESTING CONTINUES</italic> the media must be made
aware, and let's take action to stop "Oboe 3".


Get letters out to Congress, DOE, DOD, and demand that nuclear weapons
test "Oboe 3 "be cancelled and that the U.S. stop participating  in  the
nuclear arm race.

Call Derick Scamell DOE public affairs at 702-255-1130 for more info on
current series of subcriticals.

    Oscar Goodman, Mayor of Las Vegas, [phone]  fax: [phone]

    Harry Reid US Senate- 202-224-3542, 702-474-0041



Call Energy Secretary Richardson's Press Office and demand a press
advisory- before the subcritical.

Tell them that this is BIG news, and you have just got to know....
202-586-4940  (ask for Matthew)


Nuclear Weapons = Nuclear Waste


Many agree that these nuclear weapons tests are hypocritical acts.


Recently  a tour of several US members of Congress went to  India to
pressure their government to sign Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, after
the US government rejected the CTBT Senator Harry Reid, D-NV, was a part
of that trip, it is apalling that nuclear testing continues after we are
well aware of their deathly effects on the air, earth, and water.

<smaller>

</smaller>The connection between nuclear weapons and nuclear waste is
deathly apparent.  Each one of these "subcritical" nuclear weapons tests
creates another unlicensed Yucca Mt. high level waste dump, immediately
with out any public process.


Not in my water table.  These subcriticals are conducted 980 feet below
ground, only 100 feet above the water table.


Want to stop Yucca Mountain, then stop the Subcriticals!


SN is hosting series of actions at the DOE, Fed Bldg, Fremont St, NV
Nuclear Test Site Direct Action, we will send more information on the
events scheduled as soon as we can.



<italic>Shundahai,

</italic>

Susi Snyder





><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><<
><<><< ><<><<


SHUNDAHAI NETWORK

"Peace and Harmony with all Creation"

<paraindent><param>out,out</param>5007 Elmhurst St., Las Vegas, NV
89108-1304

Phone:[phone] (FAX) 647-9385

</paraindent>Email: [e-mail]

<underline><color><param>0000,0000,fefe</param>http://www.shundahai.org


</color></underline>Shundahai Network is proud to be part of:

US Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

Abolition 2000: A Global Network to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons


><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><< ><<><<
><<><<




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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Jackie Cabasso <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Fwd: CALL THE WHITE HOUSE RE: ELIAN GONZALEZ
Date: 20 Jan 2000 22:19:25 -0800

>From: [e-mail]
>Date: Thu, 20 Jan 2000 18:12:00 EST
>Subject: CALL THE WHITE HOUSE RE: ELIAN GONZALEZ
>X-Mailer: AOL for Macintosh sub 146
>To: undisclosed-recipients:;
>
>
>Dear Friends,
>
>Please call the White House at 202-456-1414 (Fax: [phone], or e-mail:
>[e-mail]) and demand the immediate  return of Elian Gonzalez
>to Cuba with his grandmothers!
>
>Thank You,
>
>Barbara Wiedner, Director
>
>GRANDMOTHERS FOR PEACE INTERNATIONAL
>Phone: [phone]
>Fax: [phone]
>E-Mail: [e-mail]
>Website: http://www.grandmothersforpeace.org


******************************************************
Jacqueline Cabasso, Executive Director
WESTERN STATES LEGAL FOUNDATION
1440 Broadway, Suite 500
Oakland, California USA 94612
Tel: +[phone]
Fax: +[phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
******************************************************
Western States Legal Foundation is part of  ABOLITION 2000
A GLOBAL NETWORK TO ELIMINATE NUCLEAR WEAPONS

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Nukes and State of the Union
Date: 25 Jan 2000 14:13:58 -0500

As you may or may not know, Congressman James McGovern of Masschussets
has sent a letter to Clinton urging him to use the upcoming State of the
Union address "to declare - clearly, strongly, boldly - that the United
States remains committed to the elimination of nuclear weapons." Jim's
letter also suggests the following concrete steps:

    "1) shifting the majority of U.S. (and Russian) nuclear forces off
hair-trigger alert;
    2) having you, as President, invite the other four major nuclear powers
to beging nuclear disarmament talks on a multistep nuclear weapons
elimination process;
    3) initiating START III negotiations with President Putin, even in the
absence of the ratification of START II;
    4) unilaterally reducing our nuclear stockpile and strategic nuclear
weapons to the lowest levels allowable under law; and
    5)committing the U.S. to work with the Russian government to enusre the
ratification and implementaation of START II by both countries this
year."

    The State of the Union address goes on the air Thursday. That leaves
two and a half days to bombard the White House with messages supporting
McGovern's letter and telling Clinton that setting the stage for
abolition will be remembered by historians (and others) as the most
important part of his legacy.

    And McGovern, of oourse, should be complimented. (Don't have his
e-mail; his office is 416 Cannon Building, phone [phone]).

                    Peter Weiss

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: peter weiss <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) P.S. to previous State of the Union message
Date: 25 Jan 2000 14:19:21 -0500

The White House site has a "Send your ideas to the President" invitation
on the 2000 State of the Union page.
                        Peter

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ASlater <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Re: 'downwinders'
Date: 28 Jan 2000 18:42:25 -0500

Dear Rae,
Thank you so much for taking the lead on this in the UK.  Responses are coming
in slowly but I will have some help from Janet Cuevas in NY and a student
intern.  We are working with a PR firm on how to present this during the NPT.
I like the memorial roll.  If you could forward my message to others in the
health network like Zohl, Prairie islands, Serpent River, First Nations that
would be a great help.  We would like the name, site, place, injury caused,
date of accident or death.  Photos would be great but not essential.  Once
again, many thanks for this.  If you are going for March, try to make it early
March.  I think this could be an ongoing project but we need 1,000 names by
March 15th, so maybe you can send it to me in batches, just so I'll at least
have the first 1,000 for the demonstration that we hope at least 1,000 people
will participate in outside the UN to bear witness to the devastating toxic
legacy of the nuclear age. They will each wear the information about each
downwinder victim on a poster/breastplate and we hope to engage the press and
passers by on the street. Warmest regards, Alice

At 04:02 PM 01/26/2000 -0500, you wrote:
>Dear Alice,
>
>What a good idea to collect the names and details of all those who have
>died
>or suffered from nuclear weapons development. Who else ever has? I have
>undertaken to collect the names from the UK for you and submit them on
>behalf of Abolition UK.  I can think of already of many ways we could use
>such a memorial for our own campaigning here.  It seems to me also that we
>could think of an imaginative way of presenting the memorial roll, but I am
>sure you will have ideas too.
>
>I have my first record - the Chair of London CND is Sue Davis.  Her brother
>was a Squadron Leader in the RAF and during the Christmas Island tests flew
>the photographers over the scene.  At one point he actually flew through
>the
>mushroom cloud.  Six years later he died of leukaemia, a leukemia which the
>doctors said could have only been caused by radiation.  The Ministry of
>Defence would never admit liability.  I am sure I shall be able to collect
>many more names, not least from around the warhead production units at
>Aldermaston etc.
>
>I can think of so many groups we should include - for example the
>indigenous
>peoples in Australia (Zohl?) and the Serpent River and Prairie Islands
>First
>Nation peoples in North America.  I'll get going on the e-mails.....Would
>the end of March give you sufficient time to make up the roll for
>presentation?  Let me know if all of this is OK with you.
>
>I hope you keep well.   Keep up the good work.   Peace in 2000 and a
>Nuclear
>Free World
>
>Rae Street
>CND and Abolition 2000
>
>
>
>Rae    ([e-mail]@gn.apc.org)
>
Alice Slater
Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE)
15 East 26th Street, Room 915
New York, NY 10010
tel:  [phone]
fax:  [phone]
email:  [e-mail]
http://www.gracelinks.org

GRACE is a member of Abolition 2000, a global network working for a treaty to
eliminate nuclear weapons.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From:    "John Krehbiel, Jr." <[e-mail]>
Subject: (abolition-usa) Abolitionists in prison
Date: 29 Jan 2000 20:54:53 -0500

Dear Abolitionists,
    On Thursday, January 27, 2000 I talked by phone with Megan Rice at
Jonah House.  The phone number for Jonah House is in the Fall 1999 issu=
e
of Bombs Away!  the Newsletter of the Lawyers=92 Committee on Nuclear
Policy.  In the section about =93Direct Action Cases=94 under the headi=
ng
=93Anti-Nuclear Speech Prohibited=94 this follows...
    =93On July 29, 1999, Judge Rebecca Beach Smith sentenced anti-nuclear
activist Michele Naar Obed to one year in prison for violating probatio=
n
conditions which included a ban on visiting Jonah House,  a Catholic
Worker house in Baltimore.  Smith had previously detained Naar Obed to
prevent her appearing on talk shows and participating in anti-nuclear
protests.   Naar Obed was on probation following her release from priso=
n
in November 1997 after serving time for a Plowshares action against a
fast-attack submarine at Newport News Shipbuilding in August 1995.  The
judge found her to be a danger to the community based upon flaunting th=
e
conditions of probation, for going on talk shows, and associating with
people who committed criminal acts (i.e., other Plowshares activists).=94
    So, today Michele Naar Obed is in Federal Prison Camp.  According to
Megan, Michele is looking forward to her release about June 20th, 2000.
    I asked Megan if anything was being done to obtain Michele Naar Obed=92=
s
release ... considering, of course, that it is nuclear weapons that are
illegal and it is our legal obligation to protest against them.  Megan=92=
s
reply was that everything had been tried and that the legal options had
been =93exhausted=94.
    When Megan said =93exhausted=94, I recalled reading in the law library=
 at
the University of Michigan although the International Court of Justice
is usually not open to individuals to have standing ...that in  a case
where all the remedies had been exhausted within a nation... and justic=
e
still not obtained ...that one may gain standing in the ICJ.  Now, this
is merely a recollection of a non-attorney without reference to notes.=20
Perhaps, I have recalled some detail incorrectly  ...(could it be
another International Court?).  In any case, the continuing imprisonmen=
t
of Michele and all the other political prisoners who are incarcerated
for fulfilling their nuremberg obligation by protesting against nuclear
weapons deserves remedy.
    Does anyone have ideas on how we might proceed?
    In Peace,
    John Krehbiel, Jr.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail]
Subject: (abolition-usa) Support for Knesset debate
Date: 31 Jan 2000 13:30:50 EST

Dear abolitionists - Hillel Schenker, journalist who works with IPPNW,
advises that the debate in the Knesset on nuclear weapons is scheduled for
February 2.  He is going to to have a press conference that day with the
member of the Knesset, Issam Mahoul, who started the whole thing and is
looking for messages of support from around the world. Please send one if
you can to [e-mail]. I suggest that you identify you or your
organization as a member of the Abolition 2000 Global Network to Eliminate
Nuclear Weapons. A message could say something like the following:

As advocates of the global abolition of nuclear weapons, we wholeheartedly
welcome and support the Knesset debate on nuclear weapons.  Open discussion
of the problem of nuclear weapons is needed everywhere in the world, and is
the beginning of wise policy, which must center on eliminating these
inhumane and illegal devices.

John Burroughs, Executive Director
Lawyers' Committee on Nuclear Policy
211 E. 43d St., Suite 1204, New York, NY 10017 USA
tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]; website: www.lcnp.org
Part of the Abolition 2000
Global Network to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons

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