home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Internet Standards
/
CD2.mdf
/
ccitt
/
1992
/
g
/
g652.asc
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-06-26
|
11KB
|
591 lines
- -
AP IX-60-E
(3201)
7. Recommendation G.652
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE
The CCITT,
considering that
(a) single-mode optical fibre cables are widely used in
telecommunication networks;
(b) the foreseen potential applications may require several kinds of
single-mode fibres differing in:
- geometrical characteristics,
- operating wavelengths,
- attenuation dispersion, cut-off wavelength, and other optical
characteristics,
- mechanical and environmental aspects;
(c) Recommendations on different kinds of single-mode fibres can be
prepared when practical use studies have sufficiently progressed;
recommends
A single-mode fibre which has the zero-dispersion wavelength around
1300 nm and which is optimized for use in the 1300 nm wavelength region, and
which can also be used in the 1550 nm wavelength region (where this fibre is
not optimized).
This fibre can be used for analogue and for digital transmission.
The geometrical, optical, and transmission characteristics of this
fibre are described below, together with applicable Test Methods.
The meaning of the terms used in this Recommendation is given in
Annex A, and the guidelines to be followed in the measurements to verify the
various characteristics are indicated in Annex B. Annexes A and B may become
separate Recommendations as additional single-mode fibre Recommendations are
agreed upon.
1. Fibre characteristics
Only those characteristics of the fibre providing a minimum essential
design framework for fibre manufacture are recommended in 1. Of these, the
cabled fibre cut-off wavelength may be significantly affected by cable
manufacture or installation. Otherwise, the recommended characteristics will
apply equally to individual fibres, fibres incorporated into a cable wound on
a drum, and fibres in installed cable.
This Recommendation applies to fibres having a nominally circular mode
field.
Note - A sufficient wavelength margin should be assured between the
lowest-permissible system operating wavelength Os of 1270 nm, and the
highest-permissible cable cut-off wavelength Occ. Several Administrations favour a
maximum Occ of 1260 nm to allow for fibre sampling variations and source
wavelength variations due to tolerance, temperature, and ageing effects.
These two specifications need not both be invoked; users may choose to
specify Oc or Occ according to their specific needs and the particular envisaged
applications. In the latter case, it should be understood that Oc may exceed 1280
nm.
In the case where the user chooses to specify Oc as in I, then Occ need not
be measured.
In the case where the user chooses to specify Occ, it may be permitted that
Oc be higher than the minimum system operating wavelength, relying on the effects
of cable fabrication and installation to yield Occ values below the minimum system
operating wavelength for the shortest length of cable between two joints.
In the case where the user chooses to specify Occ, a qualification test may
be sufficient to verify that the Occ requirement is being met.
1.9 Examples of fibre design guidelines
Supplement No. 33 gives an example of fibre design guidelines for matched-
cladding fibres used by two organizations.
2.1 Attenuation coefficient
Optical fibre cables covered by this Recommendation generally have
attenuation coefficients below 1.0 dB/km in the 1300 nm wavelength region, and
below 0.5 dB/km in the 1500 nm wavelength region.
2.2 Chromatic dispersion coefficient
The maximum chromatic dispersion coefficient shall be specified by:
- the allowed range of the zero-dispersion wavelength between
Oomin = 1295 nm and Oomax = 1322 nm;
- the maximum value Somax - 0.095 ps/(nm2km) of the zero-dispersion
slope.
3.2 Chromatic dispersion
The chromatic dispersion in ps can be calculated from the chromatic
dispersion coefficients of the factory lengths, assuming a linear
dependence on length, and with due regard for the signs of the coefficients
and system source characteristics (see 2.2).
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
The mode field diameter 2w is found by applying one of the following
definitions. The integration limits are shown to be 0 to , but it is
understood that this notation implies that the integrals be truncated in
the limit of increasing argument. While the maximum physical value of the
argument q is 1/O, the integrands rapidly approach zero before this value
is reached.
i) FAR-FIELD DOMAIN: In this domain three different measurement
implementations are possible:
a) FAR FIELD SCAN: The far field intensity distribution F2(q) is
measured as a function of the far-field angle , and the mode
field diameter (MFD) at the wavelength O is
iii) NEAR-FIELD DOMAIN: The near field intensity distribution f2(r) is
measured as a function of the radial coordinate r and
Note - The mathematical equivalence of these definitions results from transform
relations between measurement results obtained by different implementations.
These are summarized in Figure A-1/G.652.
FIGURE A-1/G.652
Mathematical relations between measurement implementations
The difference between the maximum cladding surface diameter Dmax and
minimum cladding surface diameter Dmin (with respect to the common cladding
surface centre) divided by the nominal cladding diameter, D, i.e.,
A.6 Mode field
The mode field is the single-mode field distribution giving rise to a
spatial intensity distribution in the fibre.
A.7 Mode field centre
The mode field centre is the position of the centroid of the spatial
intensity distribution in the fibre.
Note 1 - The centroid is located at rc and is the normalized intensity-weighted
integral of the position vector r:
rc = r I(r) dA / I(r) dA
AREA AREA
Note 2 - For fibres considered in this Recommendation, the correspondence
between the position of the centroid as defined and the position of the maximum
of the spatial intensity distribution requires further study.
This ensures that each individual cable section is sufficiently single
mode. Any joint that is not perfect will create some higher order (LP11) mode
power and single mode fibres typically support this mode for a short distance
(of the order of metres, depending on the deployment conditions). A minimum
distance must therefore be specified between joints in order to give the fibre
sufficient distance to attenuate the LP11 mode before it reaches the next
joint. If inequality (1) is satisfied in the shortest cable section, it will
be satisfied a fortiori in all longer cable sections, and single mode system
operation will occur regardless of the elementary cable section length.
Specifying Occ < Os for the shortest cable length (including loops in the
splice enclosure) ensures single mode operation. It is frequently more
convenient, however, to measure Oc, which requires only a two metre length of
uncabled fibre. Oc depends on the fibre type, length, and bend radius, and Occ,
in addition, depends on the structure of a particular cable. The relationship
between Oc and Occ, therefore, is dependent on both the fibre and cable
designs. In general Oc is several tens of nm larger than Occ: Oc can even be
larger than the system wavelength, without violating inequality (1). Higher
values of Oc produce tighter confinement of the LP01 mode and, therefore, help
to reduce potential bending losses in the 1550 nm wavelength region.
Short fibre lengths (<20m) are frequently attached to sources and
detectors, and are also used as jumpers for interconnections. The cut-off
wavelength of these fibres, as deployed, should also be less than Os. Among the
means of avoiding modal noise in this case are:
a) selecting only fibres with sufficiently low Oc for such uses;
b) deployment of such fibres with small radius bends.
A.11 Chromatic dispersion
The spreading of a light pulse per unit source spectrum width in an
optical fibre caused by the different group velocities of the different
wavelengths composing the source spectrum.
Note - The chromatic dispersion may be due to the following contributions:
material dispersion, waveguide dispersion, profile dispersion. Polarization
dispersion does not give appreciable effects in circularly-symmetric fibres.
A.12 Chromatic dispersion coefficient
The chromatic dispersion per unit source spectrum width and unit length of
fibre. It is usually expressed in ps/(nm . km).
A.13 Zero-dispersion slope
The slope of the chromatic dispersion coefficient versus wavelength curve at
the zero-dispersion wavelength.
A.14 Zero-dispersion wavelength
That wavelength at which the chromatic dispersion vanishes.
A suitable cladding mode stripper shall be used to remove the optical power
propagating in the cladding. When measuring the geometrical characteristics of the
cladding only, the cladding mode stripper shall not be present.