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Recommendation E.600
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Introduction
This Recommendation provides terms and definitions for use in the field of
traffic engineering. Traffic engineering includes measurements, forecasting,
planning, dimensioning and performance monitoring. Traffic engineering has a goal
of ensuring trafficability performance objectives for telecommunications
services. Trafficability performance is one of the major factors in Quality of
Service (QOS). Recommendation E.800 explains the relation of various Quality of
Service factors and gives terms and definitions for Quality of Service concepts
and for availability and reliability aspects.
The purpose of this vocabulary is to aid in the understanding of traffic
engineering and related Recommendations. The terms defined here may also be
defined differently for applications outside the area of traffic engineering.
Alternatives for the preferred terms are given following a semi-colon.
LIST OF TERMS
1 General theory
1.1 Communication
1.2 Connection
1.3 Resource
1.4 User
1.5 Telecommunications traffic,
teletraffic
1.6 Observed traffic
1.7 Poisson traffic; pure chance
traffic
1.8 Peakedness factor
1.9 Smooth traffic
1.10 Peaked traffic
1.11 Traffic of volume
1.12 Erlang
1.13 Bid
1.14 Seizure
1.15 Idle (state)
1.16 Busy (state)
1.17 Release
1.18 Holding time
1.19 Blocked mode of operation
1.20 Delay mode of operation
1.21 Call congestion
1.22 Time congestion
1.23 Waiting time; queuing time
2 Calls
2.1 Call reattempt
2.2 Call intent 2.7 Call string
2.3 Call demand 2.8 Blocked call attempt
2.4 Call attempt 2.9 Abandoned call attempt
2.5 First call attempt 2.10 Successful call attempt; fully
2.6 Repeated call attempted; routed call attempt
2.11 Completed call attempt;
effective call attempt
2.12 Successful call
2.13 Completion ratio
2.14 Answer seizure ratio
2.15 Answer bid ratio
2.16 Calling rate
2.17 Dialling-time
3 Circuits
3.1 Circuit
3.2 Trunk circuit
3.3 One way; unidirectional
3.4 Two way; bidirectional
3.5 Circuit group
3.6 Circuit subgroup
3.7 First choice circuit group
3.8 High usage circuit group
3.9 Final circuit group
3.10 Fully provided circuit group
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
4 Grade of service
4.1 Grade of service
4.2 Quality of service variable
4.3 Dial-tone delay
4.4 Post-dialling delay
4.5 Answer-signal delay
4.6 Incoming response delay
4.7 Exchange call set-up delay
4.8 Through-connection delay
4.9 Internal blocking
4.10 External blocking
5 Traffic engineering
5.1 Busy hour 5.23 Route
5.2 Average daily peak hour 5.24 Traffic routing
traffic 5.25 Call routing
5.3 Time consistent busy hour 5.26 Alternative route; alternate
5.4 Day to busy hour ratio route
5.5 Traffic carried 5.27 Network cluster
5.6 Traffic offered 5.28 Equivalent random traffic
5.7 Effective traffic
5.8 Overflow traffic
5.9 Blocked traffic
5.10 Lost traffic; abandoned
traffic
5.11 Suppressed traffic
5.12 Origin
5.13 Destination
5.14 Traffic relation
5.15 Traffic matrix
5.16 Originating traffic
5.17 Terminating traffic
5.18 Internal traffic
5.19 Incoming traffic
5.20 Outgoing traffic
5.21 Transit traffic
5.22 Traffic distribution imbalance
1 General theory
1.1 communication
F: communication
S: comunicación
Transfer of information according to agreed conventions. The information
flow need not be bidirectional.
1.2 connection
F: connexion
S: conexión
An association of resources providing means for communication between two
or more devices in, or attached to, a telecommunication network.
1.3 resource
F: ressource
S: órgano
Any set of physically or conceptually identifiable entities within a
telecommunications network, the use of which can be unambiguously determined.
1.4 user
F: usager
S: usuario
Any entity external to the network which utilizes connections through the
network for communication.
1.5 telecommunications traffic; teletraffic
F: trafic de télécommunications: télétrafic
S: tráfico de telecomunicación; teletráfico
A process of arrivals and releases of demands for resources in a network.
Note - The unit for the variable traffic is the Erlang (symbol: E).
1.6 observed traffic
F: trafic observé
S: tráfico observado
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
Instantaneous observed traffic is the amount of occupied resources at a
given instant. Average observed traffic is the time average of instantaneous
observed traffic over a given period.
1.7 poisson traffic; pure chance traffic
F: trafic poissonnien: trafic de pur hasard
S: tráfico poissoniano
Traffic that has a Poisson distribution of arrivals.
Note - Poisson traffic has a peakedness factor equal to 1.
1.8 peakedness factor
F: facteur d'irrégularité
S: factor de irregularidad
The ratio of variance to mean of a traffic.
1.9 smooth traffic
F: trafic régularisé
S: tráfico con distribución uniforme
Traffic that has a peakedness factor less than 1.
1.10 peaked traffic
F: trafic survariant
S: tráfico con distribución en pico
Traffic that has a peakedness factor greater than 1.
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
1.11 traffic volume
F: volume de trafic
S: volumen de tráfico
The integral of the instantaneous traffic over a given time interval.
Note 1 - Traffic volume is equal to the sum of the holding times of the
resources.
Note 2 - A unit used for traffic volume is the Erlang hour (symbol: E).
1.12 erlang
F: erlang
S: erlang
The unit of traffic (symbol: E). In traditional telephony the number of
Erlangs is the number of busy resources or the expected number of busy resources
under stated conditions.
1.13 bid
F: tentative de prise
S: tentativa de toma
A single attempt to obtain the use of a resource of the type under
consideration.
Note - In a network management context, the absence of a qualification
implies a bid to a circuit group, a route or a destination.
1.14 seizure
F: prise
S: toma
A bid that obtains the use of a resource of the type under consideration.
1.15 idle (state)
F: libre
S: reposo (estado de); estado libre
Condition of a resource that is free to be seized.
1.16 busy (state)
F: occupé
S: ocupado (estado de)
Condition of a resource following its seizure.
1.17 release
F: libération
S: liberación
The event which changes the condition of a resource from busy to idle.
1.18 holding time
F: durée d'occupation
S: tiempo de ocupación; tiempo de retención
The time between the seizure of a resource and its release.
1.19 blocked mode of operation
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
F: mode d'exploitation avec blocage
S: modo de operación con bloqueo (de llamadas)
A mode of operation in which bids which find no suitable resources idle
and accessible are not permitted to wait.
1.20 delay mode of operation
F: mode d'exploitation avec attente
S: modo de operación con espera (de llamadas)
A mode of operation in which bids which find no suitable resources idle
and accessible are permitted to wait.
1.21 call congestion
F: encombrement d'appel
S: congestión de llamadas
The probability that a bid to a particular pool or resources will not
result in an immediate seizure.
1.22 time congestion
F: congestion temporelle
S: congestión temporal
The proportion of time that a particular pool of resources does not
contain any idle resource.
1.23 waiting time; queuing time
F: temps de mise en attente
S: tiempo de espera; tiempo de cola
In delay mode of operation, the time interval between the bid for a
resource and its seizure.
2 Calls
2.1 call
F: appel
S: llamada
A generic term related to the establishment, utilization and release of a
connection. Normally a qualifier is necessary to make clear the aspect being
considered, e.g. call attempt.
2.2 call intent
F: intention d'appel
S: intención de llamada; intento de llamada
The desire to establish a connection to a user.
Note - This would normally be manifested by a call demand. However,
demands may be suppressed or delayed by the calling user's expectation of poor
Quality of Service performance at a particular time.
2.3 call demand
F: demande d'appel
S: demanda de llamada
A call intent that results in a first call attempt.
2.4 call attempt
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
F: tentative d'appel
S: tentativa de llamada
An attempt to achieve a connection to one or more devices attached to a
telecommunications network.
Note - At a given point in the network a call attempt is manifested by a
single unsuccessful bid, or a successful bid and all subsequent activity related
to the establishment of the connection.
2.5 first call attempt
F: première tentative d'appel
S: primera tentativa de llamada
The first attempt of a call demand that reaches a given point of the
network.
2.6 repeated call attempt; reattempt
F: tentative d'appel répétée
S: tentativa de llamada repetida
Any of the call attempts subsequent to a first call attempt related to a
given call demand.
Note - Repeated call attempts may be manual, i.e. generated by humans, or
automatic, i.e. generated by machines.
2.7 call string
F: chaîne d'appel
S: cadena de llamada
All the call attempts related to a single demand.
2.8 blocked call attempt
F: tentative d'appel bloquée
S: tentativa de llamada bloqueada
A call attempt that is rejected owing to a lack of resources in the
network.
2.9 abandoned call attempt
F: tentative d'appel abandonnée
S: tentativa de llamada abandonada
A call attempt aborted by the calling user.
2.10 successful call attempt; fully routed call attempt
F: tentative d'appel acheminée
S: tentativa de llamada fructuosa; tentativa de llamada totalmente
encaminada
A call attempt that receives intelligible information about the state of
the called user.
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
2.11 completed call attempt; effective call attempt
F: tentative d'appel ayant abouti; tentative d'appel efficace
S: tentativa de llamada completada; tentativa de llamada eficaz
A successful call attempt that receives an answer signal.
2.12 successful call
F: appel ayant abouti
S: llamada fructuosa
A call that has reached the wanted number and allows the conversation to
proceed.
2.13 completion ratio
F: taux d'efficacité
S: relación respuesta/toma; tasa de compleción; tasa de eficacia
The ratio of the number of completed call attempts to the total number of
call attempts, at a given point of a network.
2.14 answer seizure ratio (ASR)
F: taux de prise avec réponse (TPR)
S: tasa de tomas con respuesta (TTR)
On a route or a destination code basis, and during a specified time
interval, the ratio of the number of seizures that result in an answer signal, to
the total number of seizures.
2.15 answer bid radio (ABR)
F: taux de tentatives de prise avec réponse (TTPR)
S: tasa de tentativas de toma con respuesta (TTTR)
On a route or a destination code basis and during a specified time period,
the ratio of the number of bids that result in an answer signal, to the total
number of bids.
2.16 calling rate
F: taux d'appel
S: tasa de llamadas
The number of call attempts at a given point, over a period of time,
divided by the duration of the period.
2.17 dialling-time
F: durée de numérotation
S: tiempo de marcación
Time interval between the reception of dial tone and the end of dialling
of the calling user.
3 Circuits
3.1 circuit
F: circuit (de télécommunication)
S: circuito
A transmission means which allows communication between two points.
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
3.2 trunk circuit
F: circuit (commuté)
S: circuito (entre centrales); circuito troncal
A circuit terminating in two switching centres.
3.3 one way; unidirectional
F: à sens unique; unidirectionnel
S: en un solo sentido; unidireccional
A qualification applying to traffic or circuits which implies that the
establishment of a connection always occurs in one direction.
3.4 two way; bidirectional
F: à double sens; bidirectionnel
S: en ambos sentidos; bidireccional
A qualification applying to traffic or circuits which implies that the
establishment of a connection may occur in either direction.
3.5 circuit group
F: faisceau (de circuits)
S: haz de circuitos
A group of circuits which are traffic engineered as a unit.
3.6 circuit subgroup
F: sous-faisceau
S: subhaz de circuitos
A part of a circuit group with similar characteristics (e.g. type of
signalling, type of transmission path, etc.).
3.7 first choice circuit group
F: faisceau de premier choix
S: haz de circuitos de primera elección
With respect to a particular traffic relation, the circuit group to which
this traffic is first offered.
3.8 high usage circuit group
F: faisceau débordant
S: haz de circuitos de gran utilización
With respect to a particular traffic relation, a circuit group that is
traffic engineered to overflow to one or more other circuit groups.
3.9 final circuit group
F: faisceau final
S: haz final de circuitos
With respect to a particular traffic relation, a circuit group from which
there is no possibility of overflow to another circuit group within the routing
scheme currently in effect.
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
3.10 fully provided circuit group
F: faisceau totalement fourni
S: haz de circuitos totalmente provisto
With respect to a particular traffic relation, a circuit group which is
the first choice circuit group for this traffic and which is traffic engineered
as a final circuit group.
4 Grade of service
4.1 grade of service (GOS)
F: qualité d'écoulement du trafic
S: grado de servicio (GDS)
A number of traffic engineering variables used to provide a measure of
adequacy of a group of resources under specified conditions; these grade of
service variables may be probability of loss, dial tone delay, etc.
Note 1 - The parameter values assigned as objectives for grade of service
variables are called grade of service standards.
Note 2 - The values of grade of service parameters achieved under actual
conditions are called grade of service results.
4.2 quality of service variable
F: variable de qualité de service
S: variable de calidad de servicio
Any performance variable (such as congestion, delay, etc.) which is
perceivable by a user.
Note - For a description of the relations of quality of service factors
see Recommendation E.800.
4.3 dial-tone delay
F: durée d'attente de tonalité
S: demora del tono de invitación a marcas; periodo de espera del tono de
invitación a marcar
Time interval between off hook and reception of dial tone.
4.4 post-dialling delay
F: attente après numérotation
S: demora después de marcar; periodo de espera después de marcar
Time interval between the end of dialling by the user and the reception by
him of the appropriate tone or recorded announcement, or the abandon of the call
without tone.
4.5 answer-signal delay
F: délai du signal de réponse
S: demora de la señal de respuesta
Time interval between the establishment of a connection between calling
and called users, and the detection of an answer signal at the originating
exchange.
4.6 incoming response delay
F: durée de présélection
S: demora de la preselección; duración de la preselección
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
The interval from the instant when an incoming seizure is recognizable at
the incoming side of the exchange to the instant when the proceed to send signal
is sent to the preceding exchange by the receiving exchange.
Note - This definition is only applicable in the case of channel
associated signalling.
4.7 exchange call set-up delay
F: durée de sélection d'un commutateur
S: demora de establecimiento de la comunicación por una central; tiempo de
establecimiento de la comunicación por una central
The interval from the instant when the address information required for
setting up a call is received at the incoming side of the exchange to the instant
when the seizing signal or the corresponding address information is sent to the
subsequent exchange.
4.8 through-connection delay
F: durée d'établissement d'un commutateur
S: demora de transconexión; tiempo de transferencia de una central
The interval from the instant when the information required for setting up
a through-connection in an exchange is available for processing in the exchange,
to the instant when the switching network through-connection is established and
available for communication.
4.9 internal blocking
F: blocage interne
S: bloqueo interno
The probability that a connection cannot be made between a given point in
a network and any suitable idle resource in an external pool of resources owing
to call congestion within the portion of the network being considered.
4.10 external blocking
F: blocage externe
S: bloqueo externo
The probability that a connection cannot be made between a given point in
a network and any suitable resource in an external pool of resources owing to
call congestion within the pool of resources.
5 Traffic engineering
5.1 busy hour
F: heure chargée
S: hora cargada
The continuous 1-hour period lying wholly in the time interval concerned
for which the traffic or the number of call attempts is greatest.
5.2 average daily peak hour traffic
F: moyenne du trafic des heures chargées
S: tráfico medio de las horas punta
The average busy hour traffic of several days; it is usually not related
to the same hour each day.
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
5.3 time consistent busy hour
F: heure chargée moyenne
S: hora cargada media repetitiva o sistemática
The 1-hour period starting at the same time each day for which the average
traffic of the resource group concerned is greatest over the days under
consideration.
5.4 day to busy hour ratio
F: rapport du trafic journalier au trafic à l'heure chargée
S: relación del tráfico diario al tráfico en la hora cargada
The ratio of the 24-hour day traffic volume to the busy hour traffic
volume.
Note - Busy hour to day ratio is also used.
5.5 traffic carried
F: trafic écoulé
S: tráfico cursado
The traffic served by a pool of resources.
5.6 traffic offered
F: trafic offert
S: tráfico ofrecido
The traffic that would be carried by an infinitely large pool of
resources.
5.7 effective traffic
F: trafic efficace
S: tráfico eficaz
The traffic corresponding only to the conversational portion of effective
call attempts.
5.8 overflow traffic
F: trafic de débordement
S: tráfico de desbordamiento
The part of the traffic offered to a pool of resources which is not
carried by that pool of resources.
5.9 blocked traffic
F: trafic bloqué
S: tráfico bloqueado
The part of the overflow traffic that is not carried by subsequent pools
of resources.ª
5.10 lost traffic; abandoned traffic
F: trafic perdu; trafic abandonné
S: tráfico perdido; tráfico abandonado
That part of the blocked traffic which does not result in reattempts.
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
5.11 suppressed traffic
F: trafic non exprimé; trafic supprimé
S: tráfico suprimido
The traffic that is withheld by users who anticipate a poor quality of
service (QOS) performance.
5.12 origin
F: origine
S: origen
The location of the calling user. This may be specified to whatever
accuracy is necessary.
5.13 destination
F: destination
S: destino
The location of the called network termination. This may be specified to
whatever accuracy is necessary; in international working, the area or country
code is usually sufficient.
5.14 traffic relation
F: flux de trafic
S: relación de tráfico
The traffic between a particular origin and a particular destination.
5.15 traffic matrix
F: matrice de trafic
S: matriz de tráfico
A structured presentation of the traffic between a number of origins and
destinations.
5.16 originating traffic
F: trafic de départ
S: tráfico de origen
Traffic generated within the network considered, whatever its destination.
5.17 terminating traffic
F: trafic d'arrivée
S: tráfico de destino
Traffic which has its destination within the network considered, whatever
its origin.
5.18 internal traffic
F: trafic interne
S: tráfico interno
Traffic originating and terminating within the network considered.
5.19 incoming traffic
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
F: trafic entrant
S: tráfico entrante
Traffic entering the network considered, from outside it, whatever its
destination.
5.20 outgoing traffic
F: trafic sortant
S: tráfico saliente
Traffic leaving the network considered, destined for sinks located outside
it, whatever its origin.
5.21 transit traffic
F: trafic de transit
S: tráfico de tránsito
Traffic passing through the network considered.
5.22 traffic distribution imbalance
F: déséquilibre interne de trafic
S: desequilibrio de la distribución interna de tráfico
Unevenly distributed traffic among similar resources.
5.23 route
F: voie d'acheminement
S: ruta
One or more circuit groups providing a connection between switching
centres.
5.24 traffic routing
F: acheminement de trafic
S: encaminamiento de tráfico
The selection of routes, for a given traffic relation; this term is
applicable to the selection of circuit groups by switching systems or operators,
or to the planning of routes.
5.25 call routing
F: acheminement d'appel
S: encaminamiento de la llamada
The selection of appropriate circuit subgroups or individual circuits for
a particular call attempt.
5.26 alternative route; alternate route
F: voie d'acheminement détourné
S: ruta alternativa
A second, or subsequent choice route between two switching centres usually
consisting of two or more circuit groups in tandem.
5.27 network cluster
F: faisceau de faisceaux
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE1
S: agrupación de haces
A final circuit group and all the high usage circuit groups which have at
least one traffic relation for which the final circuit group is in the last
choice route.
PAGE8 Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600
5.28 equivalent random traffic
F: trafic equivalent
S: tráfico aleatorio equivalente
The theoretical poisson traffic that, when offered to a theoretical
circuit group (equivalent random circuit group) produces an overflow traffic with
a mean and variance equal to that of a given offered traffic.
Note - The equivalent random traffic and circuit group represent the
traffic impact of a more complex arrangement of offered traffics and high usage
circuit groups.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Abandoned call attempt Circuit subgroup
2.9 3.6
Abandoned traffic Communication
5.10 1.1
Alternate route Completed call attempt
5.26 2.11
Alternative route Completion ratio
5.26 2.13
Answer bid ratio Connection
2.15 1.2
Answer seizure ratio Day to busy hour ratio
2.14 5.4
Answer signal delay Delay mode of operation
4.5 1.20
Average daily peak traffic Destination
5.2 5.13
Bid 1.13 Dial tone delay
Bidirectional 4.3
3.4 Dialling time
Blocked call attempt 2.17
2.8 Effective call attempt
Blocked mode of operation 2.11
1.19 Effective traffic
Blocked traffic 5.7
5.9 Equivalent random traffic
Busy 1.16 5.28
Busy hour 5.1 Erlang
Call 2.1 1.12
Call attempt Exchange through connection delay
2.4 4.7
Call congestion External blocking
1.21 4.10
Call demand Final circuit group
2.3 3.9
Call intent First call attempt
2.2 2.5
Call routing First choice circuit group
5.25 3.7
Call string Fully provided circuit group
2.7 3.10
Calling rate Fully routed call attempt
2.16 2.10
Circuit Grade of service
3.1 4.1
Circuit group High usage circuit group
3.5 3.8
Holding time T
1.18 elecommunications traffic
Idle 1.15 1.5
Incoming response delay Teletraffic
4.6 1.5
Incoming traffic Terminating traffic
5.19 5.17
Internal blocking Through-connection delay
4.9 4.8
Internal traffic Time consistent busy hour
5.18 5.3
Lost traffic Time congestion
5.10 1.22
Network cluster Traffic carried
5.27 5.5
Observed traffic Traffic distribution imbalance
1.6 5.22
One way Traffic offered
3.3 5.6
Origin 5.12 Traffic matrix
Originating traffic 5.15
5.16 Traffic relation
Outgoing traffic 5.14
5.20 Traffic routing
Overflow traffic 5.24
5.8 Traffic volume
Peaked traffic 1.11
1.10 Transit traffic
Peakedness factor 5.21
1.8 Trunk circuit
Poisson traffic 3.2
1.7 Two way
Post dialling delay 3.4
4.4 Unidirectional
Pure chance traffic 3.3
1.6 User 1.4
Quality of service Waiting time
4.2 1.23
Queuing time
1.23
Reattempt 2.6
Release
1.17
Repeated call attempt
2.6
Resource
1.3
Route 5.22
Seizure
1.14
Smooth traffic
1.9
Successful call
2.12
Successful call attempt
2.10
Suppressed traffic
5.11
Fascicle II.3 - Rec. E.600 PAGE15
