The Don Maslin Archive/maslin_archive.zip/AARDVARK_Tape_Backups/maslin_c_d_3oct95/ddrive/sydex/sanyo/helpdex.td0/MS-DOS2.HDX

Text File | 1990-02-15 | 46KB | 1,645 lines

80/F0/07/F0/F0/F0/07
Standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 2.XX Commands
Index
12
             15 February 1990

SYNTAX     Understanding the syntax.      APPENDIX
KEYS       Editing and function keys.     APPENDIX
WILDCARDS  Wild card characters ? and *.  APPENDIX
IN/OUTPUT  Redirection and piping.        APPENDIX
CREDITS    References and trademarks.     HELP
-----------------------------------------
ASSIGN     Assign logical drive.
BACKUP     Backup hard disk.
BASIC      Run GW-BASIC interpreter.
BASICA     Run GW-BASIC interpreter.
BELL       Install and ring system bell.
BLANKCGA   Blank the CGA display.
BREAK      Toggle BREAK switch.
BW         Set video mode to BW80.
CD         Change directory.
CHDIR      Change directory.
CHKDSK     Check diskette.
CLS        Clear console screen.
COMMAND    Load secondary COMMAND.
COMP       Compare files.
COLOR      Set video mode to C80.
COPY       Copy files.
CTTY       Change I/O device.
DATE       Display and/or set date.
DEL        Delete file.
DIR        Display directory.
DISKCOMP   Compare diskettes.
DISKCOPY   Copy diskette.
ECHO       Toggle console ECHO switch.
ERASE      Delete a file.
EXE2BIN    Convert EXE file to binary.
EXIT       Terminate secondary COMMAND.
FC         Compare files.
FDISK      Configure the hard disk.
FIND       Search file for text string.
FOR        Iteration command.
FORMAT     Format a diskette.
GOTO       Go to a label.
GRAPHICS   Enable graphics screen print.
HELP       Run DOS help program.
IF         Execute command on condition.
MD         Make a new directory.
MKDIR      Make a new directory.
MODE       Set video mode and I/O ports.
MORE       Output one screen at a time.
PATH       Set directory path.
PAUSE      Pause batch file execution.
PRINT      Send file to print device.
PROMPT     Change DOS command prompt.
PRTSC      Enable/disable the PRTSC key.
RD         Remove a directory.
RECOVER    Recover the deleted file.
REM        Display remark.
REN        Rename a file.
RENAME     Rename a file.
RESTORE    Load backup to hard disk.
RMDIR      Remove a directory.
SCOPY      Single drive file copy.
SCREEN     Set the display mode.
SET        Set string value.
SHIFT      Shift parameter.
SORT       Sort output to terminal.
SWCHR      Change the switch character.
SYS        Transfer DOS system files.
TIME       Display and/or set time.
TIMEPARK   Park hard disk while inactive.
TREE       Display the directory tree.
TYPE       List file to screen.
TYPEF      List file to screen.
VER        Display DOS version number.
VERIFY     Toggle VERIFY switch.
VOL        Display the volume label.
VOLUME     Label/relabel the disk.
!DOCUMENT
!ASSIGN
COMMAND:  ASSIGN                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Route requests to a different drive.

SYNTAX:

  ASSIGN [drive1=drive2] [...]

EXAMPLE 1:

  ASSIGN A=C B=C         routes all requests for drives A: and B: to drive C.

EXAMPLE 2:

  ASSIGN                 restores all drive assignments to normal.
!BACKUP
COMMAND:  BACKUP                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Back up fixed disk files.

SYNTAX:

  BACKUP [drive1][path][filename][.ext] <drive2>[/S][/M][/A][/D:mm-dd-yy]

  where   /S causes all files in all subdirectories will also be backed up,

          /M requests backup for only those files that have changed since
          last backup,

          /A requests backup files to be added to the diskette in the specified
          drive, and

          /D:mm-dd-yy requests backup of files modified on or after the
          specified date.

EXAMPLE:

  BACKUP C:\ A: /S       backs up all files on C to A.
!BASIC
COMMAND:  BASIC                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Run the GW-BASIC interpreter.  Optionally executes the program name
          given as a parameter.  Same as BASICA.

SYNTAX:

  BASIC [drive][filename]

EXAMPLE:

  BASICA TEST       loads the GW-BASIC interpreter and executes TEST.BAS.
!BASICA
COMMAND:  BASICA                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Run the GW-BASIC interpreter.  Optionally executes the program name
          given as a parameter.  Same as BASIC.

SYNTAX:

  BASICA [drive][filename]

EXAMPLE:

  BASICA TEST       loads the GW-BASIC interpreter and executes TEST.BAS.
!BELL
COMMAND:  BELL                          author unknown for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Replace the standard beep of MS-DOS with more a pleasant sounding
          bell.

SYNTAX:

  BELL

EXAMPLE:

  BELL    replaces the MS-DOS beep and sounds the bell.  Place this command
          in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to install BELL at the time the system
          is loaded.
!BLANKCGA
COMMAND:  BLANKCGA                      by Rich Winkel for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Blank the CGA display after approximately 5 minutes of inactivity to
          prevent permanent damage to the phospher of the CRT.

SYNTAX:

  BLANKCGA

EXAMPLE:

  BLANKCGA      installs the memory resident program BLANKCGA to blank
                the CGA display after approximately 5 minutes of
                inactivity.  Place this command in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file
                to install BLANKCGA at the time the system is loaded.

The time delay of 5 minutes can be changed to a longer or shorter period of
time by using DEBUG to modify the byte value at locations xxxx:0131 and
xxxx:0160.  The delay in seconds is 14 times the byte value.  The standard
value is 15H for a delay of 14 x 21 = 294 seconds or 4 minutes 54 seconds.
Replacing 15H with 0BH would change the delay to 14 x 11 = 154 seconds or 2
minutes 34 seconds.
!BREAK
COMMAND:  BREAK                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Toggle the BREAK switch ON or OFF.

SYNTAX:

  BREAK [ON|OFF]

EXAMPLE 1:

  BREAK ON          CTRL-C and CTRL-BREAK are intercepted by DOS.

EXAMPLE 2:

  BREAK OFF         CTRL-C and CTRL-BREAK are ignored by DOS.

EXAMPLE 3:

  BREAK             responds with current status of the BREAK
                    switch, i.e., ON or OFF.
!BW
COMMAND:  BW                       by Kent L. Schepler for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set video mode and clear the console display.  The video mode is set
          to BW80, the display is cleared, and the cursor positioned in the
          upper left corner of the display.

SYNTAX:

  BW

EXAMPLE:

  BW      sets video mode to BW80 and clears the console display.
!CD
COMMAND:  CD                                               MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Change the current directory.  Same as CHDIR.

SYNTAX:

  CD [drive][path]

  where   drive is the drive on which the directory is to be changed, and
          path is the path to specify the new directory.

  If drive is omitted, the current drive is assumed.  If path is omitted, the
  current path is displayed.

EXAMPLE 1:

  CD \              changes the directory of the current drive to the root
                    directory.

EXAMPLE 2:

  CD \LEVEL1\LEVEL2

                    changes the directory of the current drive to LEVEL2.
!CHDIR
COMMAND:  CHDIR                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Change current directory.  Same as CD.

SYNTAX:

  CHDIR [drive][path]

  where   drive is the drive on which the directory is to be changed, and
          path is the path to specify the new directory.

  If drive is omitted, the current drive is assumed.  If path is omitted, the
  current path is displayed.

EXAMPLE 1:

  CHDIR \           changes the directory of the current drive to the root
                    directory.

EXAMPLE 2:

  CHDIR \LEVEL1\LEVEL2

                    changes the directory of the current drive to LEVEL2.
!CHKDSK
COMMAND:  CHKDSK                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Check the disk and report status.

SYNTAX:

  CHKDSK [drive][filename] [/F][/V]

  where   /F requests CHKDSK to attempt to fix errors in the File Allocation
          Table (FAT), and

          /V is the switch to request report of progress during execution of
          CHKDSK (verbose).

EXAMPLE:

  CHKDSK B:/F       checks drive B and attempts to fix all allocation errors.
!CLS
COMMAND:  CLS                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Clear console display.  Causes MS-DOS to send the ANSI escape
          sequence, ESC[2J, to the console.  The display is cleared and the
          cursor is positioned in the upper left corner of the display.  If the
          ANSI driver is not installed the display will not clear but instead
          display the ANSI escape sequence.

SYNTAX:

  CLS

EXAMPLE:

  CLS     clears the console display.
!COLOR
COMMAND:  COLOR                    by Kent L. Schepler for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set video mode and clear the console display.  The video mode is set
          to C80, the display is cleared, and the cursor positioned in the
          upper left corner of the display.

SYNTAX:

  COLOR

EXAMPLE:

  COLOR   sets video mode to C80 and clears the console display.
!COMMAND
COMMAND:  COMMAND                                          MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Invoke a secondary COMMAND processor.

SYNTAX:

  COMMAND [drive][path] [device][/P][/C string]

  where   drive and path specify the drive on which and directory in which
          COMMAND.COM is to be found,

          device specifies the device to be used for input and output instead
          of the keyboard (not available in PC-DOS),

          /P directs MS-DOS to keep the secondary COMMAND processor permanently
          in memory even if the EXIT command is entered, and

          /C directs MS-DOS to load COMMAND.COM as a transient secondary
          processor and execute the command or program specified by string.

  The /C switch must be the last switch on the command line.  When the /C
  switch is not used the secondary COMMAND processor remains in memory until
  the EXIT command is entered.

EXAMPLE:

  COMMAND /C FILE1        when issued from a batch file to run the batch file
                          module FILE1.BAT, executes FILE1 and then returns
                          control to the main batch file.
!COMP
COMMAND:  COMP                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Compare files.

SYNTAX:

  COMP [drive][path][filespec[.ext]] [drive][path][filename[.ext]]

EXAMPLE 1:

  COMP A:FILE1 B:FILE2        compares FILE1 on drive A to FILE2 on drive B.

EXAMPLE 2:

  COMP A:*.ASM C:             compares all files with the extension .ASM on
                              drive A to the files with the same name on C.

EXAMPLE 3:

  COMP A:\LEVEL1 A:\LEVEL2    compares all files in subdirectory LEVEL1 to
                              to the corresponding files in LEVEL2.
!COPY
COMMAND:  COPY                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Copy files.

SYNTAX:

  COPY <filespec1>[/A][/B] [filespec2][/A][/B][/V]

  where   /A causes the file to be treated as an ASCII file.  When used with
          filespec1, copies up to but not including the first CTRL-Z (EOF
          marker).  When used with filename2, causes a CTRL-Z to be added as
          the last character of the file.

          /B causes the file to be treated as a binary file.  When used with
          filespec1, the entire file based on directory size is copied.  When
          used with filename2, no CTRL-Z will be added to the file.

          /V is the switch to turn on verification to ensure that target
          sectors are written correctly.

EXAMPLE 1:

  COPY A:APPLE.DOC B:              copies the file APPLE.DOC to drive B.

EXAMPLE 2:

  COPY A:APPLE.DOC PEAR.DOC        creates the file PEAR.DOC on the default
                                   drive and copies the file APPLE.COM to it.

EXAMPLE 3:

  COPY B:*.* C:                    copies all files on drive B to drive C.

EXAMPLE 4:

  COPY A:FILE1+B:FILE2 C:FILE3     copies A:FILE1 and B:FILE2 to C:FILE3.
!CTTY
COMMAND:  CTTY                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Change to an auxiliary console.

SYNTAX:

  CTTY device

EXAMPLE:

  CTTY AUX     assigns AUX for the system I/O.  The terminal attached to the
               serial port becomes the system I/O (keyboard and display)
               device.
!DATE
COMMAND:  DATE                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set or read the current date.

SYNTAX:

  DATE [mm-dd-yy]

  or

  DATE [mm/dd/yy]

EXAMPLE:

  DATE 7/4/90         sets the date to July 4, 1990.
!DEL
COMMAND:  DEL                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Delete/erase files from diskette.

SYNTAX:

  DEL <filespec>

  or

  ERASE <filespec>

EXAMPLE:

  DEL B:*.BAS       deletes all files on B with the extension .BAS.
!DIR
COMMAND:  DIR                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  List filenames on diskette.

SYNTAX:

  DIR [drive][path][filename][/P][/W]

  where   /P pauses the display when the screen is full, and

          /W generates a wide display, 5 file names per line.

EXAMPLE 1:

  DIR /P            displays all files on the current drive, the display
                    pauses when the screen is full.

EXAMPLE 2:

  DIR B:*.LST       displays all files on B with extension .LST.

Special shorthand notation is provided for the working directory and its parent
directory (one level up from the working directory):

               .    indicates the name of the working directory in
                    hierarchical directory listings, and

               ..   indicates the name of the working directory's
                    parent directory.

These directory entries are automatically made when a directory is created.

EXAMPLE 3:

  DIR ..\..         displays the files in the parent's parent directory.
!DISKCOMP
COMMAND:  DISKCOMP                                         MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Compare diskettes.

SYNTAX:

  DISKCOMP [drive1[drive2]] [/1][/8]

  where   drive1 and drive2 are the drives containing the diskettes to be
          compared,

          /1 specifies only side 1 is to be compared (default is 2 sides), and

          /8 specifies only the first 8 sectors are to be compared (default
          is 9 sectors).

EXAMPLE:

  DISKCOMP A: B:    compares the double sided 9 sector diskettes in A and B.
!DISKCOPY
COMMAND:  DISKCOPY                                         MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Copy a diskette.

SYNTAX:

  DISKCOPY [drive1] [drive2][/1]

  where /1 is the switch to copy one side only.

  The first drive [drive1] is the source drive (copy from).  The second drive
  [drive2] is the target drive (copy to).

EXAMPLE:

  DISKCOPY A: B:    copies the diskette in A to B.
!ECHO
COMMAND:  ECHO                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Inhibit screen display.

SYNTAX:

  ECHO [ON|OFF|message]

   where  ON causes batch file commands to be displayed on the screen.  This
          is the default setting,

          OFF prevents further display of batch file commands except message
          following the ECHO command,

          message is a string of text to be displayed on the console display
          device.

  The ECHO command is used primarly in batch files.

EXAMPLE 1:

  ECHO OFF                    stops the display of batch file commands.

EXAMPLE 2:

  ECHO THIS IS A MESSAGE      displays THIS IS A MESSAGE on the screen even if
                              ECHO is OFF.

EXAMPLE 3:

  ECHO                        system responds with current status of the ECHO
                              switch, i.e. ON or OFF.
!ERASE
COMMAND:  ERASE                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Erase/delete files from diskette.

SYNTAX:

  ERASE <filespec>

  or

  DEL <filespec>

EXAMPLE:

  ERASE B:*.BAS     deletes all files on B with the extension .BAS.
!EXE2BIN
COMMAND:  EXE2BIN                                          MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Convert .EXE file to .COM format.

SYNTAX:

  EXE2BIN <filespec1> [filespec2]
!EXIT                                                      MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX
COMMAND:  EXIT

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Exit COMMAND.COM and return to a previous level if one exists.

SYNTAX:

  EXIT

EXAMPLE:

  EXIT    exits current COMMAND.COM and returns to previous level if one
          exists.

This command is used when you have shelled to the DOS level from an application
program and want to exit DOS and return to the application program.
!FC
COMMAND:  FC                                               MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Compare two files.

SYNTAX:

  FC [/B][/#][/C][/W] <filespec1> <filespec2>

  where   /B causes byte by byte (binary) comparison,

          /# is the number of lines that must match to resynchronize during
          an ASCII file comparison (default is 2),

          /C causes case to be ignored when comparing ASCII files, and

          /W causes leading and trailing spaces and tabs in text lines to be
          ignored and consecutive spaces and tabs within a line to be
          compressed to a single space when comparing ASCII files.

EXAMPLE:

  FC FILE1.TXT FILE2.TXT      compares ASCII files FILE1.TXT and FILE2.TXT

An enhanced version of the FC program is supplied with MS-DOS 3.XX.  See the
standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!FDISK
COMMAND:  FDISK                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Configure the hard disk.

SYNTAX:

  FDISK

EXAMPLE:

  FDISK        runs the utility program to configure the hard disk.
!FIND
COMMAND:  FIND                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Search files for strings of text.

SYNTAX:

  FIND [/V][/C][/N] <string> [[drive][path]filename ...]

  where   string is a string of characters enclosed in quotation marks,

          /V causes all lines NOT containing string to be displayed,

          /C is the switch to display a count of the number of matches in the
          file, and

          /N is the switch to display the relative line number of each
          matching line to be displayed before the line from the file.

EXAMPLE 1:

  FIND "George Washington" FILE1.TXT FILE2.TXT FILE3

  outputs all lines from FILE1.TXT, FILE2.TXT, and FILE3.TXT (in that order)
  that contain the string "George Washington".

EXAMPLE 2:

  DIR B: | FIND /V "George Washington"

  outputs the names of all files on B that do not contain the string "George
  Washington".
!FOR
COMMAND:  FOR                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Iterative execution of command.

SYNTAX:

  FOR %%<variable> IN <set> DO <command>

  where   variable is a dummy variable to represent a parameter in the set,

          set is (<list of parameters separated by spaces>), and

          command is any DOS command other than the FOR command.

EXAMPLE 1:

  FOR %%X IN (*.PAS) DO COPY %%X B:     copies all files with the extension
                                        .PAS to drive B.

EXAMPLE 2:

  FOR %%a IN (FILE1 FILE2) DO DIR %%a   lists the directory information for
                                        FILE1 and FILE2.
!FORMAT
COMMAND:  FORMAT                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Format a diskette.

SYNTAX:

  FORMAT [drive][/S][/1][/8][/V][/B]

  where   /S is the switch to transfer the operating system to the diskette
          after formatting it,

          /1 formats the diskette as single sided (default is double sided),

          /8 formats with eight sectors per track (default is nine),

          /V requests the volume name to be entered, and

          /B leaves space on the diskette for an operating system to be
          installed with the SYS command.

EXAMPLE:

  FORMAT B:         formats the diskette in drive B.

WARNING:       The FORMAT command destroys all files on the diskette.

Enhanced versions of the FORMAT program are supplied with MS-DOS 3.2X and 3.3X.
See the standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!GOTO
COMMAND:  GOTO                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Transfer control to the line following the label.

SYNTAX

  GOTO label

  where label is a line in the batch file containing a label that begins with
  a colon.

EXAMPLE:

  GOTO ABORT   transfers control to the line following the label :ABORT in the
               batch file.
!GRAPHICS
COMMAND:  GRAPHICS                                         MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.  Requires printer with IBM/Epson compatible
          graphics.

PURPOSE:  Enable graphics screen dump to printer.

SYNTAX:

  GRAPHICS

EXAMPLE:

  GRAPHICS     installs the graphics print routine.  After this has been
               done, the print screen key, PRTSC, will work when the display
               is in the graphics mode.  Once GRAPHICS has been executed it
               need not be executed again unless the system is reset.

Enhanced versions of the GRAPHICS program are supplied with MS-DOS 3.XX.  See
the standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!HELP
COMMAND:  HELP             HELPDEX by Kent L. Schepler for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Provide help with MS-DOS/PC-DOS 2.XX for IBM PC/XT/AT compatible
          computer systems.

SYNTAX:

  HELP [drive][path][hdxfilename][.ext] [command]

  or, using the batch file, HELP2.BAT,

  HELP2 [command]

  where   drive specifies the drive on which the HELPDEX data file is found,

          path specifies the directory in which the HELPDEX data file is found,

          hdxfilename specifies the name of the HELPDEX data file (default is
          HELP),

          .ext is the extension of the HELPDEX data file name (default is
          HDX) and,

          command is the name of a MS-DOS command.

  With the HELP command, HELP.COM and all of the .HDX files are required.  With
  the HELP2 command, only the files HELP.COM, HELP.HDX, APPENDIX.HDX, and
  MS-DOS2.HDX are required.

EXAMPLE 1:

  HELP MS-DOS2 HELP      displays this screen.

EXAMPLE 2:

  HELP2 HELP             displays this screen.

EXAMPLE 3:

  HELP MS-DOS2.HDX       displays index of MS-DOS/PC-DOS 2.XX commands for
                         IBM PC/XT/AT and compatible computer systems.

EXAMPLE 4:

  HELP2                  displays index of MS-DOS/PC-DOS 2.XX commands for
                         IBM PC/XT/AT and compatible computer systems.

EXAMPLE 5:

  HELP                   displays directory of HELPDEX selections.
!IF
COMMAND:  IF                                               MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Conditional execution of commands.

SYNTAX:

  IF [NOT] <condition>

  where the condition parameter is one of the following:

                          ERRORLEVEL number
                          string1==string2
                          EXIST filespec

EXAMPLE 1:

  IF EXIST FILE1 GOTO ABC      transfers control to label :ABC if FILE1 exists
                               on the default drive.

EXAMPLE 2:

  IF %1==DOUG ECHO HI DOUG     displays the message HI DOUG on the screen if
                               parameter 1 was DOUG.

EXAMPLE 3:

  MYPROG
  IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO ABORT   transfers control to label :ABORT if the program
                               MYPROG set the ERRORLEVEL to 2 or more before
                               terminating.

EXAMPLE 4:

  IF NOT EXIST FILE2 ECHO FILE2 NOT FOUND

                               displays the message, FILE2 NOT FOUND, if FILE2
                               does not exist on the default drive.
!MD
COMMAND:  MD                                               MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Create (make) a subdirectory - same as MKDIR.

SYNTAX:

  MD [drive]<path>

EXAMPLE 1:

  MD LEVEL1              creates subdirectory LEVEL1 under the current
                         directory.

EXAMPLE 2:

  MD \LEVEL1\LEVEL2      creates subdirectory LEVEL2 under subdirectory
                         LEVEL1 when the current directory is the root.
!MKDIR
COMMAND:  MKDIR                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Create (make) a subdirectory - Same as MD.

SYNTAX:

  MKDIR [drive]<path>

EXAMPLE 1:

  MKDIR LEVEL1           creates subdirectory LEVEL1 under the current
                         directory.

EXAMPLE 2:

  MKDIR \LEVEL1\LEVEL2   creates subdirectory LEVEL2 under subdirectory
                         LEVEL1 when the current directory is the root.
!MODE
COMMAND:  MODE                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set the video mode of the display adaptor, configure printer,
          configure serial port, or redirect output for printer.

SYNTAX:

  MODE <n>

  or

  MODE [n],<m[,T]>

  sets video display parameters, where

               n         = 40, 80, BW40, BW80, CO40, CO80, or MONO
               m         = L or R to shift the display left or right
               T         = test pattern requested to align the display.

  MODE LPT<n>[:][width][,[lines][,p]]

  sets width and line spacing of printer, where

               n         = 1, 2, or 3
               width     = 80 or 132 column print format
               lines     = 6 or 8 lines per inch
               p         = causes DOS to continually retry to send output
                           to printer if it is not ready (press CTRL+BREAK
                           to abort).

  MODE COM<n>[:]<baud>[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,p]]]]

  sets serial port parameters, where

               n         = 1, 2, 3, or 4
               baud      = baud rate, e.g., 1200 or 2400
               parity    = o(dd), e(ven), or n(one) (default = e)
               databits  = 7 or 8 (default = 7)
               stopbits  = 1 or 2 (default = 2 if baud = 110, otherwise 1)
               p         = causes DOS to continually retry to send
                           output if device is not ready (press CTRL+BREAK
                           to abort).

  MODE LPT<n>[:][=COM<m>[:]]

  redirects output from printer port to serial port, where

               n         = 1, 2, or 3
               m         = 1, 2, 3, or 4

EXAMPLE 1:

  MODE BW80               sets the CGA display adaptor to the 80 column
                          black and white mode for use with a composite
                          monochrome monitor.

EXAMPLE 2:

  MODE LPT2:80            sets printer connected to LPT2 to 80 column mode,
                          6 lines per inch.

EXAMPLE 3:

  MODE COM1:2400,n,8,1    sets serial port COM1 to 2400 baud, no parity, 8
                          data bits, and one stop bit (a common setting for
                          many BBS systems).

EXAMPLE 4:

  MODE LPT1:=COM2:        redirects output for LPT1 to COM2.

EXAMPLE 5:

  MODE LPT1:              cancels redirection of output for LPT1.

An enhanced version of the MODE program is supplied with MS-DOS 3.3X.  See the
standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!MORE
COMMAND:  MORE                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Display ASCII file data one screen at a time.

SYNTAX:

  MORE <filename

  or

  TYPE filename| MORE

  where filename is an ASCII text file.

EXAMPLE:

  MORE <JAN.TXT     passes the file JAN.TXT to the screen 23 lines at a time,
                    displaying the message "-- More --" at the end of each
                    screen, and waits for a key to be pressed before sending
                    the next 23 lines to the screen.
!PATH
COMMAND:  PATH                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set the PATH variable in the environment block.

SYNTAX:

  PATH [[drive]path[[;[drive]path...]]

  The PATH variable directs MS-DOS to search for the executable file in the
  specified drive(s) and directory(s).  When PATH is followed only by a
  semicolon the previous PATH variable is removed from the environment block.
  When no parameters follow PATH the current PATH variable will be displayed.

EXAMPLE:

  PATH C:\;A:\      causes MS-DOS to search the root directory of drive C
                    and then the root directory of drive A for the file.
!PAUSE
COMMAND:  PAUSE                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Cause execution of batch file to display a string, pause, and wait
          for a key to be pressed.

SYNTAX:

  PAUSE [message]

  where message is any string of text and is displayed only if ECHO is ON
  (see ECHO command).  If the message is  omitted then the message "Strike a
  key when ready..." is displayed on the console display device.

EXAMPLE:

  PAUSE THIS IS MY MESSAGE    displays the message THIS IS MY MESSAGE on the
                              screen and waits for a key to be pressed.
!PRINT
COMMAND:  PRINT                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Queue and print data files.

SYNTAX:

  PRINT [[filespec][/T][/C][/P] ...]

  where   filespec specifies the file on which the PRINT command is to take
          action,

          /T is the switch to terminate printing and delete all file names
          from the print queue,

          /C is the cancel switch to remove a file and subsequent files from
          the print queue, and

          /P is the print switch to add a file and subsequent files to the
          print queue.

  When PRINT is entered without any parameters following the contents of the
  print queue will be displayed.

The first time PRINT is run during a session, the operator will be prompted for
the print device.  For the default device, PRN, press <RETURN>.

EXAMPLE 1:

  PRINT FILE1 FILE2               adds FILE1 and FILE2 to the print queue.

EXAMPLE 2:

  PRINT FILE1/C FILE2 FILE3/P     seletes FILE1 and FILE2 from the print queue
                                  and adds FILE3 to the print queue.

An enhanced version of the PRINT program is supplied with MS-DOS 3.XX.  See the
standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!PROMPT
COMMAND:  PROMPT                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set new prompt.

SYNTAX:

  PROMPT [prompt string]

  The following special strings may also be included in the prompt string.

          $$ = the $ character          $t = the time
          $d = the date                 $p = the current directory
          $v = DOS version number       $n = the default drive letter
          $g = the > character          $l = the < character
          $b = the | character          $q = the = character
          $h = backspace and erase      $e = the escape character
               the previous character   $_ = carriage return line feed

EXAMPLE 1:

  PROMPT $n:             changes the MS-DOS prompt to the default drive letter
                         followed by a colon.

EXAMPLE 2:

  PROMPT $n:$p  $h       changes the MS-DOS prompt the default drive letter,
                         a colon, the current directory, 2 spaces, and a
                         backspace.
!PRTSC
COMMAND:  PRTSC                    by Kent L. Schepler for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Enable/disable the PRTSC key.

SYNTAX:

  PRTSC [ON|OFF|?]

  where   ON enables the PRTSC key,

          OFF disables the PRTSC key, and

          ? returns the PRTSC key status.

  When no parameter is specified or syntax is incorrect no action is taken and
  the PRTSC document text is displayed on the console display device.

EXAMPLE:

  PRTSC ON     enables the PRTSC key.
!RD
COMMAND:  RD                                               MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Remove a subdirectory.  Same as RMDIR.

SYNTAX:

  RD [drive]<path>

EXAMPLE:

  RD B:\LEVEL2\LEVEL3    removes the subdirectory LEVEL3 from LEVEL2.
!RECOVER
COMMAND:  RECOVER                                          MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Reconstruct a file from a disk that has bad sectors or a damaged
          directory.

SYNTAX:

  RECOVER <drive>

  or

  RECOVER <filespec>

EXAMPLE 1:

  RECOVER A:APPLE.DOC    reconstructs the file APPLE.DOC that has been lost
                         from the diskette in drive A:.

EXAMPLE 2:

  RECOVER A:             recovers the files on diskette in drive A:
!REM
COMMAND:  REM                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Display a remark during execution of a batch file.

SYNTAX:

  REM [string]

EXAMPLE:

  REM Put disk in drive B:.   displays the message "Put disk in drive B:." on
                              the screen if ECHO is ON (see ECHO command).
!REN
COMMAND:  REN                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Rename a file on a diskette.  Same as RENAME.

SYNTAX:

  REN[AME] <filespec1> <filename2>

EXAMPLE:

  RENAME APPLE.DOC PEAR.DOC   changes the name of the file APPLE.DOC to
                              PEAR.DOC.
!RENAME
COMMAND:  RENAME                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Rename a file on a diskette.  Same as REN.

SYNTAX:

  REN[AME] <filespec1> <filename2>

EXAMPLE:

  RENAME APPLE.DOC PEAR.DOC   changes the name of the file APPLE.DOC to
                              PEAR.DOC.
!RESTORE
COMMAND:  RESTORE                                          MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Restore files to hard disk from diskette.

SYNTAX:

  RESTORE <drive1> [drive2][path][filename][/S][/P]

  where   /S is the switch to restore all files in all subdirectories of the
          specified directory, and

          /P requests prompt before restoring files that have been modified
          since the last backup.

  The files must have been saved to diskette with the BACKUP command.

EXAMPLE:

  RESTORE A: C:*.DAT     restores all files with the extension .DAT that were
                         backed up from the current directory.

An enhanced version of the RESTORE program is supplied with MS-DOS 3.3X.  See
the standard MS-DOS/PC-DOS 3.XX index for more information.
!RMDIR
COMMAND:  RMDIR                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Remove a subdirectory.  Same as RD.

SYNTAX:

  RMDIR [drive]<path>

EXAMPLE:

  RMDIR B:\LEVEL2\LEVEL3      removes the subdirectory LEVEL3 from LEVEL2.
!SCOPY
COMMAND:  SCOPY                         by Mark Zeiger for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE      External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Copy files from diskette to diskette in a single drive system.

SYNTAX:

  SCOPY <filespec1> [filespec2]

EXAMPLE 1:

  SCOPY FILE1            copies FILE1 from source diskette to FILE1 on
                         destination diskette.

EXAMPLE 2:

  SCOPY FILE1 FILE2      copies FILE1 from source diskette to FILE2 on
                         destination diskette.
!SCREEN
COMMAND:  SCREEN                        by Mark Zeiger for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set the video mode.

SYNTAX:

  SCREEN <n>

  where   n=0 to select the 40x25 B/W text mode,
          n=1 to select the 40x25 color text mode,
          n=2 to select the 80x25 B/W text mode,
          n=3 to select the 80x25 color text mode,
          n=4 to select the 320x200 color graphics mode,
          n=5 to select the 320x200 B/W graphics mode, and
          n=6 to select the 640x200 B/W graphics mode.

EXAMPLE:

  SCREEN 2    sets the display adaptor to the 80x25 B/W text mode.

Use the B/W modes for composite monochrome monitors, and the color modes for
color monitors.
!SET
COMMAND:  SET                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set one string equal to another in the MS-DOS environment table.

SYNTAX:

  SET [string1[=string2]]

  If SET is followed by only string1 then string1 is deleted from the
  environment table.

  SET can also be used in batch file processing to define the replaceable
  parameters with names rather than numbers.
!SHIFT
COMMAND:  SHIFT                                            MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS batch file command.

PURPOSE:  Shift command line parameters left.

SYNTAX:

  SHIFT

  SHIFT allows use of more than 10 parameters on batch file command lines and
  also use of succesive parameters in a loop in a batch file.

EXAMPLE:

  If the file TEST.BAT is invoked with the command TEST A B C and contains the
  the commands

                                   SHIFT
                                   ECHO %1
                                   SHIFT
                                   ECHO %1

  the first ECHO command will display B and the second will display C.
!SORT
COMMAND:  SORT                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Sort text data.

SYNTAX:

  SORT [/R][/+n]

  where   /R requests reverse order sort, and

          /+n starts the sort on column n.

EXAMPLE 1:

  SORT /R <UNSORT.TXT >SORT.TXT    reads the file UNSORT.TXT, sorts the
                                   records, and writes them to SORT.TXT.

EXAMPLE 2:

  DIR | SORT /+14                  produces a directory listing sorted by file
                                   size (size starts in column 14).
!SWCHR
COMMAND:  SWCHR                    by Kent L. Schepler for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Change the MS-DOS switch character, /, to another character.

SYNTAX:

  SWCHR [chr|"chr"|?]

  where   chr specifies the new switch character, and

          ? returns the switch character status.

  When no parameter is specified or syntax is incorrect no action is taken and
  the SWCHR document text is displayed on the console display device.

EXAMPLE:

  SWCHR -      changes the MS-DOS switch character to -.

To make the question mark the switch character, enclose it in quotation marks,
e.g., SWCHR "?".

The switch character is the character that is used to precede MS-DOS command
line switches as in DIR/W.  The / character is the default switch character for
MS-DOS.  Since the UNIX operating system, after which the MS-DOS directory
structure was patterned, uses the - character for the switch character, many
MS-DOS users prefer to have the - character as the switch character.

The \ character is the character normally used by MS-DOS as the file separator
because the / character, used as the file separator character by UNIX, was
already used as the switch character in MS-DOS.  When the MS-DOS switch
character is changed to a character other than the / character, either the /
character or the \ character can be used as a MS-DOS file separator character
when specifying a path.
!SYS
COMMAND:  SYS                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Transfer the MS-DOS system files from one diskette to another.

SYNTAX:

  SYS drive1 drive2

  or

  SYS drive

EXAMPLE:

  SYS B:       transfers the system files from the diskette in the default
               drive to the diskette in drive B:.
!TIME
COMMAND:  TIME                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Set or read the system clock.

SYNTAX:

  TIME [hh:mm[:ss[.xx]]]

EXAMPLE:

  TIME 14:30   sets the system clock to 14:30 hours or 2:30 PM.
!TIMEPARK
COMMAND:  TIMEPARK             by Sanford J. Zelkovitz for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Park the hard disk drive C and, if it exists, drive D during periods
          of inactivity to protect surface of the hard disk(s).

SYNTAX:

  TIMEPARK <n>

  where n is an integer ranging in value from 1 to 9 specifying delay time in
  minutes.

EXAMPLE:

  TIMEPARK 2        parks the hard disk(s) after two minutes of inactivity.
                    Place this command in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to install
                    TIMEPARK at the time the system is loaded.

!TREE
COMMAND:  TREE                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Display all directory paths.

SYNTAX:

  TREE [drive][/F]

  where /F requests the display of the names of all files in each path.

EXAMPLE:

  TREE C:/F    displays the directory paths on drive C: and the names of all
               files in each path.
!TYPE
COMMAND:  TYPE                                             MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  List ASCII file to the screen.

SYNTAX:

  TYPE <filespec>

EXAMPLE:

  TYPE A:APPLE.DOC      sends the file APPLE.DOC on drive A to the screen.
!TYPEF
COMMAND:  TYPEF                         by Mark Zeiger for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  List ASCII file to the screen.  The listing pauses when any key is
          pressed and starts again when any key is pressed.  The listing may
          also be sent to the PRN print device (printer).  The listing may be
          aborted by pressing the <CTRL> plus <C> key sequence or the <BREAK>
          key.

SYNTAX:

  TYPEF <filespec> [P[n]]

  where   P causes the file to be sent to the PRN device, and

          n is an integer 1 through 9 to make the PRN device skip to top of
          form after printing 66-n lines.

EXAMPLE:

  TYPEF A:APPLE.DOC     lists the file APPLE.DOC on drive A to the screen.
!VER
COMMAND:  VER                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Display DOS version number.

SYNTAX:

  VER

EXAMPLE:

  VER     displays DOS version number.
!VERIFY
COMMAND:  VERIFY                                           MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Toggle the VERIFY switch ON or OFF.

SYNTAX:

  VERIFY [ON|OFF]

EXAMPLE 1:

  VERIFY       displays the current status of the verify switch.

EXAMPLE 2:

  VERIFY ON    turns verify switch ON.  All data written to disk is verified.

EXAMPLE 3:

  VERIFY OFF   turns verify switch OFF.  Data written to disk will not
               be verified.
!VOL
COMMAND:  VOL                                              MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     Internal DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Display volume identification label.

SYNTAX:

  VOL [drive]

EXAMPLE:

  VOL A:  displays volume label of disk in drive A.
!VOLUME
COMMAND:  VOLUME                        by Mark Zeiger for MS-DOS 2.XX and 3.XX

TYPE:     External DOS command.

PURPOSE:  Change, delete, or add the volume label of a disk.

SYNTAX:

  VOLUME [drive][label]

  where label is string with a length of 11 characters or less.

EXAMPLE:

  VOLUME B:WORKDISK      lables the disk in drive B: as "WORKDISK".

The original volume label will be detected and a new one created.  If the drive
is not specified, the default drive is assumed.

To erase a volume label without replacing it with a new one, enter the VOLUME
command followed by the drive name and nothing else.  To delete the volume
label on the default drive, enter the VOLUME command followed by a space and
nothing else.