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80/F0/07/F0/F0/F0/07
MS-DOS/PC-DOS Appendix
Index
12
15 February 1990
CREDITS References and trademarks. HELP
-----------------------------------------
SYNTAX Understanding the syntax.
KEYS Editing and function keys.
KEYS55X Sanyo MBC 550/555 keyboard.
WILDCARDS Wild card characters ? and *.
IN/OUTPUT Redirection and piping.
!DOCUMENT
!SYNTAX
SYNTAX: Understanding the syntax.
Notation used in this online help manual to describe the syntax of the MS-DOS,
PC-DOS, DEBUG, and EDLIN commands is according to the following convention.
CAPS Uppercase letters are used to indicate portions of statements
or commands the user is to enter exactly as shown. Where
lower case letters are used, the user is to enter the data
requested by the text.
[ ] Square brackets are used to indicate that the entry enclosed
is optional.
< > Angle brackets are used to indicate data the user must enter.
{ } Braces are used to indicate the user has a choice between
two or more entries. At least one of the entries must be
selected unless the entries are also enclosed in square
brackets.
.... Dots are used to indicate that an entry may be repeated as
many times as needed.
| The vertical bar is used to indicate or. When used with a
MS-DOS filter, the bar means pipe.
drive A letter referring to a drive followed by a required colon.
For example,
B:
filename The name of a file followed by its extension (if any). For
example,
REPORT.DOC
path A directory name followed by subdirectory names, each name
preceded by a backslash. For example,
\FRUIT\APPLE
pathname A path followed by a filename. For example,
\FRUIT\APPLE\REPORT.DOC
filespec A drive (may be omitted when referring to the default drive)
followed by a filename or pathname. For example,
B:\FRUIT\APPLE\REPORT.DOC
Punctuation marks, such as commas, semi-colons, colons, slash marks, and equal
signs, are to be entered where indicated.
!KEYS
KEYS: Editing and function keys.
MS-DOS provides a number of special editing and function keys to aid with input
and output in MS-DOS and its utilities including DEBUG and EDLIN.
The editing keys can be used to edit the command line of MS-DOS. Similarly,
the editing keys can be used to edit commands in DEBUG as well as commands and
lines of text in EDLIN. Table 1 below describes the functions of the special
editing keys of MS-DOS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | IBM/Clone | Sanyo 55X
Key | Editing Function | Keyboards | Keyboard
==========================================================================
| | |
<COPYCHAR> | Copy one character from the | <F1> | <PF1>
| template to the current line. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<COPYUP> | Copy all characters from the | <F2> | <PF2>
| template up to the character | |
| specifed to the current line. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<COPYALL> | Copy all characters from the | <F3> | <PF3>
| template to the current line. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<SKIPCHAR> | Skip over (do not copy) a | <DEL> | <->n
| character in the template. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<SKIPUP> | Skip over (do not copy) the | <F4> | <PF4>
| characters in the template up | |
| to the character specified | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<NEWLINE> | Make the new line the new | <F5> | <PF5>
| template. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL Z> | Put a CONTROL Z (1AH) end of | <F6> | <PF6>
| file character in the current | or | or
| line. | <CTRL>+<Z> | <CTRL>+<Z>
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<BACKSPACE> | Remove last character from | <-> | <=>
| the current line and erase it | or | or
| from the console display. | <CTRL>+<H> | <CTRL>+<H>
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<INSERT> | Enter/exit insert mode. | <INS> | <PF8>
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<VOID> | Void the current line and | <F10> | <PF10>
| leave the template unchanged. | or | or
| Echos a back slash, a | <CTRL>+<X> | <CTRL>+<X>
| carriage return, and a line | |
| feed to the console display. | |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: < >n indicates key on numeric pad.
Table 1. MS-DOS Special Function Keys.
In addition to the special editing keys, MS-DOS also implements some other
functions through the use of control characters. Table 2 below lists these
functions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Control | | IBM/Clone | Sanyo 55X
Character | Function | Keyboards | Keyboard
==========================================================================
| | |
<CONTROL C> | Abort current line and return | <CTRL>+<C> | <BREAK>
| the prompt. The template is | | or
| left unchanged. Echos the | | <CTRL>+<C>
| CONTROL C character, a | |
| carriage return, and a line | |
| feed to the display console. | |
| Same as <CTRL>+<SCROLL LOCK> | |
| on IBM PC/XT/AT clone | |
| keyboards. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL H> | Remove last character from | <-> | <=>
| the current line and erase it | or | or
| from the console display. | <CTRL>+<H> | <CTRL>+<H>
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL J> | Insert end of line character. | <CTRL>+<J> | <LF>
| Does not empty current line. | | or
| Use this key to extend the | | <CTRL>+<J>
| current line beyond the | |
| physical limit of the console | |
| display. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL N> | Toggle on/off echoing of | <CTRL>+<N> | <CTRL>+<N>
| console display to line | |
| printer. Same function as | |
| <CONTROL P>. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL P> | Toggle on/off echoing of | <CTRL>+<P> | <CTRL>+<P>
| console display to line | |
| printer. Same function as | |
| <CONTROL N>. | |
-------------+--------------------------------+-------------+-------------
<CONTROL S> | Pause output to console | <CTRL>+<S> | <CTRL>+<S>
| display. Press any key to | |
| resume. | |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2. Commonly Used MS-DOS Control Character Functions.
The ASCII control characters, 001 or 01H through 031 or 1F, can be entered from
the IBM PC/XT/AT and Sanyo MBC 550/555 Series computer keyboards by pressing
the <CTRL> key plus another key. The ASCII control characters are mapped on
the keyboard as shown in Table 3 below.
---------------------
HEX 0 1
E -----------------
X | <CTRL>+
=================
0 | | <P>
1 | <A> | <Q>
2 | <B> | <R>
3 | <C> | <S>
4 | <D> | <T>
5 | <E> | <U>
6 | <F> | <V>
7 | <G> | <W>
8 | <H> | <X>
9 | <I> | <Y>
A | <J> | <Z>
B | <K> | <[>
C | <L> | <\>
D | <M> | <]>
E | <N> | <^>
F | <O> | <->
---------------------
Table 3. IBM PC/XT/AT and Sanyo MBC 550/555
Keyboard Control Character Map.
Any ASCII character, 000 or 00H through 255 or FFH, can be entered from the
IBM PC/XT/AT keyboard by pressing <CTRL>+<ALT> plus the character number
sequence on the numeric keypad. With the Sanyo MBC 550/555 Series computer
system the extended ASCII characters, 127 (7FH) through 255 (FFH), are entered
by turning the keyboard's GRAPH mode on and pressing the appropriate key.
Please refer to Table 2 in the KEYS55X appendix for the GRAPH mode mapping of
the ASCII extended characters on the MBC 550/555 keyboard.
For complete information regarding commands of MS-DOS, DEBUG, or EDLIN please
return to the appropriate index and select the desired command.
!KEYS55X
KEYS55X: Sanyo MBC 550/555 keyboard.
There are some differences between the Sanyo MBC 550/555 keyboard and the
keyboard of the IBM PC/XT/AT. This requires the use of some special keystroke
combinations on the Sanyo MBC 550/555 when running some software written for
the IBM PC/XT/AT. Refer to Table 1 below for the available key translations.
-----------------------------------------
IBM/Clone | Sanyo 55X
Keyboards | Keyboard
=========================================
|
<ALT> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>
|
<CTRL>+<F1> | <CTRL>+<=>
<CTRL>+<F2> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<{>
<CTRL>+<F3> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<}>
<CTRL>+<F4> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<:>
<CTRL>+<F5> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<">
<CTRL>+<F6> | <CTRL>+<;>
<CTRL>+<F7> | <CTRL>+<'>
<CTRL>+<F8> | <CTRL>+<,>
<CTRL>+<F9> | <CTRL>+<.>
<CTRL>+<F10> | <CTRL>+</>
|
<ALT>+<F1> | <CTRL>+<PF1>
<ALT>+<F2> | <CTRL>+<PF2>
<ALT>+<F3> | <CTRL>+<PF3>
<ALT>+<F4> | <CTRL>+<PF4>
<ALT>+<F5> | <CTRL>+<PF5>
<ALT>+<F6> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<PF6>
<ALT>+<F7> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<PF7>
<ALT>+<F8> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<PF8>
<ALT>+<F9> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<PF9>
<ALT>+<F10> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<PF10>
|
<SHIFT>+<F1> | <CTRL>+<1>
<SHIFT>+<F2> | <CTRL>+<2>
<SHIFT>+<F3> | <CTRL>+<3>
<SHIFT>+<F4> | <CTRL>+<4>
<SHIFT>+<F5> | <CTRL>+<5>
<SHIFT>+<F6> | <CTRL>+<6>
<SHIFT>+<F7> | <CTRL>+<7>
<SHIFT>+<F8> | <CTRL>+<8>
<SHIFT>+<F9> | <CTRL>+<9>
<SHIFT>+<F10> | <CTRL>+<0>
|
<CTRL>+<2> | <CTRL>+<`>
<CTRL>+<6> | <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<~>
|
<>n | <5>n
<END>n | <2>n
-----------------------------------------
Note: < >n indicates key on numeric pad.
Table 1. Sanyo MBC 550/555 Keyboard Translation Table.
Since some software for the IBM PC/XT/AT requires the use of keys which cannot
be translated to an equivalent key combination, a memory resident program,
IBMKEYS, is available for the Sanyo MBC 550/555 to emulate the <ALT>, <CTRL>,
left <SHIFT>, right <SHIFT>, <INS>, <SHIFT LOCK>, <NUM LOCK>, and <SCROLL LOCK>
keys of the IBM PC/XT/AT keyboard. Please select IBMKEYS in the SANYO55X index
for more information regarding the use of IBMKEYS.
Any ASCII character, 000 or 00H through 255 or FFH, can be entered from the
IBM PC/XT/AT keyboard by pressing <CTRL>+<ALT> plus the character number
sequence on the numeric keypad. With the Sanyo MBC 550/555 Series computer
system the extended ASCII characters, 127 (7FH) through 255 (FFH), are entered
by turning the keyboard's GRAPH mode on and pressing the appropriate key.
Press the GRAPH key to toggle the keyboard's GRAPH mode on or off. The
extended ASCII characters are GRAPH mode mapped on the MBC 550/555 keyboard as
shown in Table 2 below.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEX 7 8 9 A B C D E F
E -------------------------------------------------------------------------
X | <CTRL>+ |<SHIFT>| | <CTRL>+
=========================================================================
0 | | <Z> | <2>n | | <E> | <Q> | <N> | <*> | <U>
1 | | <X> | </>n | <.> | <3> | <A> | <`> | <7>n | <\>
2 | | <C> | <6>n | <]> | <\> | <Z> | </> | <8>n | <5>
3 | | <V> | <4>n | <`> | <4> | <W> | <M> | <9>n | <6>
4 | | <B> | <'> | <,> | <5> | <S> | <7> | <E> | <7>
5 | | <N> | <Y> | </> | <6> | <U> | <8> | <R> | <8>
6 | | <M> | <T> | <0> | <T> | <I> | <9> | <D> | <9>
7 | | <,> | </>n | <3> | <G> | <1> | <O> | <F> | <0>
8 | | <.> | <=>n | <D> | <H> | <,> | <L> | <I> | <->n
9 | | <;> | <*>n | <4> | <'> | <K> | <.> | <O> | <1>
A | | <[> | <1>n | <5> | <B> | <F> | <;> | <J> | <2>
B | | <=> | <3>n | <6> | <X> | <V> | <*> | <K> | <3>
C | | <-> | <Q> | <7> | <D> | <2> | <0> | <`> | <4>
D | | <P> | <W> | <8> | <R> | <=> | <Y> | <]> | <+>n
E | | <L> | <A> | <9> | <P> | <-> | <[> | <H> | <0>n
F | <> | <5>n | <S> | <Z> | <C> | <J> | <]> | <G> | <.>n
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes: < >n indicates key on numeric pad.
GRAPH mode must be on.
Table 2. Sanyo MBC 550/555 Keyboard GRAPH Mode Map.
For complete information regarding commands of MS-DOS, DEBUG, or EDLIN please
return to the appropriate index and select the desired command.
!WILDCARDS
WILDCARDS: Wild card characters ? and *.
MS-DOS permits two special characters to be substituted in place of actual
characters in filenames and/or extensions. These special wild card characters,
the question mark (?) and the asterisk (*), provide much greater flexability
when using filenames in MS-DOS commands.
The question mark (?) wild card character in a filename or extension indicates
that the position occupied by the question mark can be any character. For
example, the MS-DOS command
DIR A:CHAPTER?.DOC
will list all filenames in the default directory on the A: drive that have 8
characters beginning with CHAPTER and the extension .DOC. The list of
filenames resulting from the execution of the above command could include
filenames such as
CHAPTER1.DOC
CHAPTER2.DOC
CHAPTER3.DOC
CHAPTERX.DOC
The asterisk (*) wild card character in a filename or extension indicates that
the position occupied by the asterisk and the remaining positions in the
filename or extension can be any character or characters. For example, the
MS-DOS command
DIR A:C*.DOC
will list all filenames in the default directory on the A: drive that begin
with the character C and have the extension .DOC. The list of filenames
resulting from the execution of the above command could include filenames such
as
CARDS.DOC
CHAPTER1.DOC
CHAPTER2.DOC
CHAPTER3.DOC
CHAPTERX.DOC
CHECKS.DOC
CLEAR.DOC
COMMAND.DOC
The wild card characters can be very powerful. For example, to delete all of
the files from the default directory on drive A: one would simply enter
DEL A:*.*
Obviously, this power has the potential of being quite devastating and
fortunately the DEL command has a feature built in which when it sees the *.*
requires that you confirm that you indeed wish to execute the command.
!IN/OUTPUT
IN/OUTPUT: Redirection and piping.
Redirection Most MS-DOS commands obtain input and send output to the console
----------- or terminal. Oftentimes it is useful to have input come from a
a file rather than from the console. This can be accomplished by using the
less-than character (<) in the command. For example,
DEBUG APPLE.COM < APPLE.SCR
uses APPLE.SCR as input to the command DEBUG APPLE.COM.
And, at times it is useful to have output resulting from the execution of a
command sent to a file instead of being displayed on the console display
device. This can be accomplished by using the greater-than character (>) in
the command. For example,
DIR A:*.DOC > DOCFILES
creates a file, DOCFILES, and sends the output resulting form the above command
to the file. If the specified file already exists, it will be overwritten.
If the file already exists and you wish the file to be appended instead of
being overwritten, using two greater-than characters instead of one will result
in the file being appended. For example,
DIR A:*.DOC >> DOCFILES
will append the output from the above command to the file, DOCFILES. If the
specified file does not exist, it will be created.
Piping It is sometimes convenient to have the output of one command be sent or
------ piped as input to another command. MS-DOS provides for this through
use of the pipe spearator, the vertical bar character (|). For example, the
command
DIR A: | SORT | MORE
will alphabetically sort the default directory on the A: drive and display it
on the console display device pausing after each 23 lines of information is
displayed. Output from the command on the left side of the pipe separator is
piped as input to the command on the right side of the pipe separator.
Piping can also be used with redirection. For example, the command
DIR A: | SORT > LIST
will alphabetically sort the default directory on the A: drive and write it to
the file LIST.
