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chmod.0
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CHMOD(1L) CHMOD(1L)
NNAAMMEE
chmod - change the access permissions of files
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
cchhmmoodd [-Rcfv] [--recursive] [--changes] [--silent]
[--quiet] [--verbose] [--help] [--version] mode file...
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This manual page documents the GNU version of cchhmmoodd.
cchhmmoodd changes the permissions of each given file according
to _m_o_d_e, which can be either a symbolic representation of
changes to make, or an octal number representing the bit
pattern for the new permissions.
The format of a symbolic mode is
`[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]'. Multiple sym-
bolic operations can be given, separated by commas.
A combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which users'
access to the file will be changed: the user who owns it
(u), other users in the file's group (g), other users not
in the file's group (o), or all users (a). If none of
these are given, the effect is as if `a' were given, but
bits that are set in the umask are not affected.
The operator `+' causes the permissions selected to be
added to the existing permissions of each file; `-' causes
them to be removed; and `=' causes them to be the only
permissions that the file has.
The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for the
affected users: read (r), write (w), execute (or access
for directories) (x), execute only if the file is a direc-
tory or already has execute permission for some user (X),
set user or group ID on execution (s), save program text
on swap device (t), the permissions that the user who owns
the file currently has for it (u), the permissions that
other users in the file's group have for it (g), and the
permissions that other users not in the file's group have
for it (o).
A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0-7),
derived by adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1.
Any omitted digits are assumed to be leading zeros. The
first digit selects the set user ID (4) and set group ID
(2) and save text image (1) attributes. The second digit
selects permissions for the user who owns the file: read
(4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permis-
sions for other users in the file's group, with the same
values; and the fourth for other users not in the file's
group, with the same values.
cchhmmoodd ignores symbolic links; the cchhmmoodd system call cannot
change their permissions. This is not a problem since the
FSF GNU File Utilities 1
CHMOD(1L) CHMOD(1L)
permissions of symbolic links are never used.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
_-_c_, _-_-_c_h_a_n_g_e_s
Verbosely describe only files whose permissions
actually change.
_-_f_, _-_-_s_i_l_e_n_t_, _-_-_q_u_i_e_t
Do not print error messages about files whose per-
missions cannot be changed.
_-_v_, _-_-_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
Verbosely describe changed permissions.
_-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
Recursively change permissions of directories and
their contents.
_-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
tus.
_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
Print version information on standard error then
exit.
FSF GNU File Utilities 2