Frozen Fish 1: Amiga/FrozenFish-Apr94.iso/bbs/alib/d1xx/d168/dillonstuff.lha/doc/dres/ipc.doc

Text File | 1988-11-22 | 25KB | 563 lines

            IPC.DOC  (DRES.LIBRARY)

                Matthew Dillon
              25 September 1988


    Special note.  I've tried my best, but this document is somewhat
    lacking in the exact mechanics and implementation of IPC.  Please
    refer to the source module to resolve such questions.

    The IPC section of the DRES.LIBRARY pertains to the sending of commands
and retrieval of results between arbitrary processes without conflict.
Processes which use IPC come in three flavors:

    (1) A process which is able to accept and process IPC commands
    (2) A process which might send IPC commands to other processes
    (3) A process which does both.

    The IPC mechanism implemented by this library is inherently asychronous
in nature (messages and ports), but also provides a synchronous call
specially tailored for cases (2) and (3).  Doing IPC commands synchronously
has certain advantages, the greatest of which is that the implementation by
application software is greatly simplified.  The synchronous call gets
around possible deadlocks in case (3) by interrupting itself and calling a
handler if incomming messages occur while it is waiting for the sent
message to complete.

    The greatest feature of this IPC mechanism is a great flexibility in
who allocates and deallocates the message buffers.  Both the source and
destination processes have a wide range of options concerning message
buffers.  Unless otherwise specified, an allocated copy of the message
buffer is automatically made and used which allows the send or reply message
buffer used by the process to be immediately discarded.  Additionaly, a
destination IPCPort can be flagged to force incomming messages to be
allocated no matter what the sender requests.

    NOTE:   The term 'allocation of messages' inherently means that if the
message is allocated, the user of the message can munge it however he likes
(exception: IF_GLOBAL messages that are propogated through all IPC ports).
Allocated messages are automatically FreeMem()d by the IPC subsystem or
by the receiver.   Also, WHEN DUPLICATION OF MESSAGES OCCUR, THE ALLOCATED
MEMORY IS OF THE SAME TYPE AS THE ORIGINAL BUFFER.

    NOTE:   Do not get confused by the many different ways messages buffers
can be allocated.  A message buffer will never be allocated-duplicate more
than once.  For example, if the source specifies that it is passing an
allocated buffer, the further duplication is done by the IPC subsystem.

    -The sender can allocate the message buffer himself and pass that,
     pass a temporary buffer which the IPC subsystem duplicates, or pass
     a static buffer to the destination without the overhead of allocation
     and duplication.

    -The receiver of a particular message can determine whether that message
     was allocated and FreeMem() it himself, can allow the IPC subsystem
     to free allocated messages, and can even force all incomming messages
     on his IPC port to be allocated no matter what the sender specifies.
     Forcing the IPC subsystem to allocate otherwise static messages is
     a very useful ability to have.  For instance, the parser employed by
     the receiver of a message might destroy or modify the message buffer
     during parser, while the original sender of the message might have
     used a static string or otherwise expected the buffer not to be
     screwed up.  By the receiver being able to specify that he WANTS the
     buffer to be an allocated duplicate because he intends to modify it
     without permission is a good thing.  Even though the sender passes
     a static buffer to the IPC subsystem, that subsystem will allocate
     and duplicate it for the receiver.

    -In his reply to the sender, the receiver has the same sort of control
     as sender in terms of how the reply message buffer is allocated.  After
     getting the reply back, the original sender can determine whether the
     reply buffer was allocated and FreeMem() it himself, or allow the IPC
     subsystem to free it when he is through with the reply.

    -Finally, the receiver of the original message can even free his own
     reply buffer when the original sender is through with it!

    So in general, one can use either the IPC subsystem's automatic buffer
copying feature (the default), use no buffer copying at all, or use one's
own scheme.

    MOST OF THESE ALLOCATION FEATURES ARE IMPLEMENTED THROUGH FLAGS.  READ
THE DOCS BELOW ON OPENIPC() and SENDIPC().


               APPLICATION NAME DOMAINS

    An application for cases (1) or (3) must create a receiver port for
IPC messages with the OpenIPC() call.  OpenIPC() takes a name and flags
argument.  The Flags argument is discussed in OpenIPC() below.  You do
not need a port to send messages, only to receive them.

    The name of the port determines the type of messages it will receive.
The format is:    <application_name>.<domain> , for example: "dmouse.CMD"
Currently, only the .CMD domain has a defined standard.  It does not matter
whether multiple copies of the application are running, they can share the
same port name.  You could have, say, two invocations of your favorite
editor each with five active projects.    Support for this is discussed in
the ReplyIPC() call below.

    While this port exists, other tasks may send IPC messages to it.  You
must extract the messages (GetMsg()), process it, and then ReplyIPC() the
message to return it to the original sender.

    The CloseIPC() call will shutdown an IPC port that you had previously
openning and return any pending messages by trying to pass them to the
next application of the same name (if none, an error is eventually returned
to the sender).

                .CMD ports

    Messages sent over .CMD ports are formatted as null-terminated
ascii-text.  The send buffer (msg->TBuf) is formatted as follows:

    project\0command\0        (\0 = NUL = ascii 0)

    The \0 MUST be included as part of the buffer and buffer length.  The
project name allows the application to identify which of its possibly
multiple projects is to be affected by the command.  a NULL project name
(\0command\0) is allowed and refers to the 'active' project in the
application.  The project name is ignored by applications which do not
support the notion of projects. The format of the command depends on the
application, but must be in ascii and terminate with a \0 (ascii 0).

    The logical extension for the specification of multiple project names
is to allow comma delimited names and wildcards (* and ?).  For example,
"*\0command\0" would refer to all projects, "a.c,b.c\0command\0" would
refer to two specific projects.  This might not be supported by all
applications.

    The format of the reply buffer depends on the success of the operation.
If the command was successful, the reply buffer will either be NULL or
contain some ascii/text response ending in \0.    If the command was not
successful, IF_ERROR will be set in msg->RFlags and the reply buffer will
be either NULL or contain some ascii/text error message ending in \0.
The msg->Error integer error code will be non-zero if IF_ERROR was set,
possibly non-zero if IF_ERROR was not set to indicate a warning (IF_ERROR
always means Total-Failure).   If msg->Error is not set by the application
which returns the error condition, it will be set by the IPC subsystem.



ParseCmd                            ParseCmd

    argc = ParseCmd(buf, &argv, varget, varfree, &error, NULL);
    int argc;
    char **argv;        (note, address passed)
    char *((*varget)());
    void (*varfree)();
    long error;         (note, address passed)

    (note:  Last NULL argument (0L) is required for future compatibility).

    THIS COMMAND CAN EASILY BE USED WITH NON-IPC RELATED ROUTINES!

    Do DME-type parsing on a string buffer.  The buffer is terminated with
    a \0 but may contain a \n at the end (which is ignored) to be compatible
    with fgets() as well as gets().  NOTE that if the string is terminated
    with a \<LF><NUL> i.e. "\\n\0", the backslash will override the standard
    ignorance of the \n and parse it into the result.

    DME-type parsing delimites fields by spaces except those enclosed in
    matching parenthesis.  Multiple levels of parenthesis is tracked and
    the OUTERMOST SET REMOVED.    Other special characters include shift-6
    (^), backslash (\), and dollar ($):

     form        examples        function

    ^<char>     ^c ^d ^L        embed a control character, case is ignored
                    you may not embed ^@ (0)

    \<char>     \\ \( \^        override the meaning of the next character,
                    allows embedding special characters.

    $(varname)                  inline string variable, var name can be
                    anything except ')'.

    $varname            inline string variable, var name
                    restricted to alphanumeric and '_'.

    Example:    "echo (this (is a) test) $file/x a mess ^g \(hi! \)ug\\"
    Result: argv[0] =    "echo"
        argv[1] =    "this (is a) test"
        argv[2] =    "dnet:foo/x"        (assumes $file == 'dnet:foo')
        argv[3] =    "a"
        argv[4] =    "mess"
        argv[5] =    "<CONTROL-G>"       (i.e. ascii code 7)
        argv[6] =    "(hi!"
        argv[7] =    ")ug\"
        argv[8] =    NULL

    Note: offset -1 of each argument contains a status byte.  Currently,
    bit 0 is defined to indicate whether the argument was paren'd or not.
    This cannot otherwise be told as the highest level of parenthesis are
    stripped.    (argv[0][-1] & 1) == 0, (argv[1][-1] & 1) == 1.

                --------

    buf     -\0 or \n\0 terminated buffer holding the command to parse.
         The buffer is not modified and may be discarded after the
         call returns.

    &argv    -address of a variable which will be initialized to point
         to an allocated array of pointers to strings exactly the
         way the main() argv works.

    varget    -Pointer to a subroutine which when given a \0 terminated
         variable name will return a \0 terminated string or NULL
         if that variable does not exist.

         varget(varname)
         char *varname;

         This argument may be NULL indicating string variables are
         not supported.  The routine may return non-allocated
         strings (i.e. static storage or string constants) in which
         case there is no need for a varfree() function.

    varfree    -Pointer to a subroutine which when given the string
         pointer returned by varget() will free it.  This call
         is made immediately after varget() is called and returns
         nothing.  You may pass NULL for this argument if no free
         function exists (varget was NULL or returned static
         strings).

    &error    -You must supply a pointer to a longword which will be
         returned holding the error, if any, and the index where
         the error occured, if any.  The index is stored in the
         lower 16 bits and the error # stored in the upper 16 bits:

         1 << 16  = NO MEMORY
         2 << 16  = STRING VARIABLE NOT FOUND (varget() returned
                NULL), the lower 16 bits contain the index into
                buf.

    NULL    -This argument is reserved for future expansion and must
         be NULL (0L).

    NOTE:   The returned arg list may be munged however you wish, including
        the pointers themselves, just as long as you pass the original
        argv pointer (i.e. the entries may be munged) to FreeParseCmd().

        0 is always returned on error, and error will be set properly.
        Otherwise, argc is returned and error will hold 0.

        The original buffer is not modified in any way.

    NOTE:   Since the outer set of parenthesis () are stripped, offset -1
        of each arguments provides information as to whether the
        argument was quoted or not.  If bit 0 is set, the argument
        was quoted,  I.E.:        (a) b c
        (av[0][-1] & 1) = 1     av[0] = "a"
        (av[1][-1] & 1) = 0     av[1] = "b"
        (av[2][-1] & 1) = 0     av[2] = "c"


FreeParseCmd                            FreeParseCmd

    (void) FreeParseCmd(argv)

    This routine frees the storage referenced by the argv... the argv array
    and the original strings are all freed.  It is ok if Individual entries
    in the argv array are munged.


OpenIPC                             OpenIPC

    port = OpenIPC(name, flags)
    PORT *port;
    char *name;
    long flags;

    Create an IPC port of the specified name suitable for receiving IPC
    commands on.  If the port could not be created due to lack of memory,
    NULL is returned, else an EXEC port is returned.  The port is setup
    as PA_SIGNAL and takes up a signal bit in your signal set.    If the
    application does not wish a signal-port, it may FreeSignal() the
    signal and change the flags to something other than PA_SIGNAL.

    Due to the fact that the signal was allocated for the calling task,
    the port is normally usable only from the calling task.  One can
    change the ownership and port characterstics but always remember that
    CloseIPC() can only be called from the owning task.

    IF_ALLOC    If IF_ALLOC is specified, *ALL* incomming message buffers
        will be forced to be allocated even if the sender of the
        message specifies IF_NOCOPY.  I.E. you, as the receiver of
        IPC messages on this port can specify this flag to guarentee
        the msg->TBuf is allocated and thus modify the contents
        of the buffer itself without confusing the original sender
        (who may have specified a static string)

        Note:    However, if this message is to be passed on via
        IF_GLOBAL or IF_NOTFND, you probably do not want to munge
        the buffer.

    IF_GLOBAL    If IF_GLOBAL is specified, this port will accept global
        messages.  Global messages are always of the .CMD form
        though the sender could easily put stuff beyond the second
        \0 in the message buffer destined for specialized routines.

        If not specified, IF_GLOBAL messages will NEVER propogate
        through this port.


CloseIPC                            CloseIPC

    (void) CloseIPC(port)
    PORT *port;

    Delete an IPC port previously obtained by OpenIPC().  The owning task
    must make this call since it will FreeSignal() the allocated signal.
    Note that if the port flags are set to something other than PA_SIGNAL,
    no attempt will be made to free the possibly non-existant signal bit.

    This call will pass any pending messages on to the next application
    of the same name, and if no other exists, will return the messages
    with an error.  Pending messages with IF_GLOBAL set continue their
    journey through the IPC ports flagged to accept IF_GLOBAL messages.


SendIPC                             SendIPC

    msg = SendIPC(appname, buf, len, flags)
    IPCMSG *msg;
    char *appname;
    APTR buf;
    long len, flags;

    This routine starts an asynchronous IPC request.  It allocates and
    initializes an IPCMSG and reply port and sends the message to the
    destination application (appname).  The IPCMSG is returned and it's
    msg->RFlags holds the IF_ALLOCMSG internal flag to cause the IPCMSG
    and replyport to be deallocated when you are through with the reply.
    NOTE!  The returned IPCMSG has already been sent to the destination
    and is not owned by you.  The idea is to then CheckMsg() and/or
    WaitMsg() on it.  The ANode filed of the IPCMSG, however, *IS* owned
    by you and you may use it however you wish.

    The buffer and buffer length you pass SendIPC() is used to allocate
    a copy of the buffer (which is deallocated automatically when the
    destination ReplyIPC()s).  This means that you can discard/reuse your
    buffer as soon as the call returns.  However, if you specify the
    IF_NOCOPY flag SendIPC() will use your buffer pointer and you must
    be sure not to modify its contents until the message is returned to you.

    If you specify IF_ALLOC it is assumed your buffer pointer and length
    were AllocMem()d and the system will FreeMem() them when the destination
    is through processing your message and calls ReplyIPC().

    ** See SendIPC2() for info on how to handle the message when it comes
    back.

    * If the 'name' is NULL, the first application in the application
    list is called.  This is usually used in conjunction with IF_GLOBAL
    to indicate that the message should propogate to all IPC ports in the
    system.

SendIPC2                            SendIPC2

    msg = SendIPC2(name, msg)

    This routine is called by SendIPC().  This assumes you already have an
    IPC message structure that you wish to use.  The msg argument is
    returned.  The reply fields, including msg->Error and msg->Confirm,
    are zerod.

    The IPCMSG must be initialized as follows:

    msg->Msg.mn_ReplyPort    -must hold reply port for the message
    msg->Msg.mn_Length        -must hold length of IPCMSG structure ONLY
                 if you had specified the IF_ALLOCMSG in
                 msg->TFlags
    msg->Msg.TBuf        -holds the buffer pointer to the message
                 or NULL
    msg->Msg.TLen        -holds the length of the message
    msg->Msg.TFlags        -holds flags associated with the message:
        IF_ALLOC        * automatic deallocation on reply.  This flag
                  is set automatically if you do not specify
                  IF_NOCOPY.  If NEITHER IF_NOCOPY or IF_ALLOC
                  are specified, the IPC subsystem will
                  allocate a duplicate of your buffer, place
                  it in TBuf, and set this flag for you.
        IF_GLOBAL        * force propogate to all applications in
                  the system before returning to the sender.
        IF_NOCOPY        * force IPC system to use the buffer you
                  placed in TBuf.  Otherwise, the IPC system
                  will allocate and copy your buffer into
                  its own and place that in TBuf.

        IF_ALLOCMSG     * IPC system will deallocate the IPCMSG
                  itself when FreeIPC() is called.  This
                  flag is set automatically when the IPC
                  system has allocate the IPCMSG in the
                  first place.

    WARNING!    Upon return, msg->TBuf will not necessarily point to your
        buffer, even if you specified IF_NOCOPY or IF_ALLOC.

           Handling the message when it comes back

    After you make the call, you must wait for the message to complete
    via WaitMsg and/or CheckMsg().  Note that WaitMsg() will remove the
    message from its reply port.  If you do not use WaitMsg(), you must
    remember to remove the message before continuing.

    Then, process the reply (msg->RBuf, msg->RLen, and msg->RFlags).
    The msg->RBuf IS ALLOWED TO BE NULL.  msg->RFlags will indicate
    any errors:

    IF_ERROR|IF_NOTFND|IF_NOAPP:    no application of that name exists

    IF_ERROR|IF_NOTFND       :    application exists, but the requested
                    project does not exist.  OR the
                    command does not exist for this
                    application.

    IF_ERROR            :    The application exists and can handle
                    the project & command, but an error
                    occured during interpretation of the
                    command.

    IF_ALLOC            :    The reply buffer was allocated.  You
                    have the option of FreeMem()ing it
                    yourself or allowing the system to
                    do so.    If you do it, you must set
                    RBuf = NULL.

    NOTE:   msg->Error does not need to be set by the receiver.  If
        msg->Error is 0 and IF_ERROR is set, msg->Error will be set to
        20 by the IPC subsystem.

    NOTE:   In the case of IF_ERROR, the reply buffer might still be
        non-NULL and contain an error message.

    When through dealing with the reply, you MUST call FreeIPC(msg).  This
    routine will deallocate the reply buffer if msg->RFlags had IF_ALLOC
    set by the destination and also free the message it self if msg->TFlags
    contained IF_ALLOCMSG set by SendIPC() or the user before a SendIPC2().

    Additionaly, if msg->Confirm was set by the destination, this function
    vector will be called with the message pointer as an argument to allow
    the destination to deallocate its reply.  NOTE!!! If the message has
    IF_GLOBAL set in msg->TFlags, msg->Confirm should NOT be touched by
    receiving applications.


DoIPC2                                DoIPC2

    (void)  DoIPC2(name, msg, collfunc, collport)
    long flags
    char *name;
    IPCMSG *msg;
    void (*collfunc)();
    PORT *collport;

    This is the hall mark of the IPC library and allows one to send
    SEMI-SYNCHRONOUS messages while still retaining the ability to
    process incomming messages on your own IPC port (case #3).  The IPC
    message msg must be setup as in SendIPC2().  The collision function
    and collision port may be NULL if you wish.

    This command sends the message and then waits for the reply.  If while
    waiting for the reply a message comes in on the collision port (usually
    your IPC port), the collision vector will be called with the collision
    port as an argument, allowing you to process incomming messages while
    waiting for one you sent.  By properly designing your software, you
    can allow multiply stacked DoIPC2() calls.

    When the message finally comes back, this call returns.  The application
    must still deal with its reply buffer and call IPCFree() when through.

    NOTE: The collision function is called as a subroutine of this routine
    and thus if it is a general command-handling routine remember that
    your command interpreter might have to be synchronously reentrant.
    DoIPC2() is certainly reentrant.  A4 and A5 are not screwed up by
    DoIPC2() so you do not have to reload your data segment base register
    from the collision vector routine if using the small data model.
    (Compatible with both Aztec and Lattice C).


ReplyIPC                            ReplyIPC

    (void) ReplyIPC(msg, buf, len, flags)
    IPCMSG *msg;
    APTR buf;        (may be NULL & len would then be 0)
    long len;
    long flags;

    You must reply to all IPC messages you receive on your IPC port by
    calling ReplyIPC().  ReplyIPC() works almost exactly like IPCSend(),
    but deals with the RBuf, RFlags, and RLen fields of the IPC structure.
    Normally, the IPC system will allocate a duplicate of your reply buffer
    and stick that in msg->RBuf which allows you to throw away your buffer
    after calling ReplyIPC().  Various flags override this feature:

    IF_ALLOC        -    The buffer is automatically deallocated when the
            source calls FreeIPC().  If this flag exists the
            IPC system will not allocate a duplicate buffer.

    IF_NOCOPY        -    The IPC system will not allocate a duplicate buffer.

    Normally, (1) neither of these flags is specified, or (2) IF_ALLOC
    is specified.  Specifying IF_ALLOC alone means that the IPC system
    assumes you have AllocMem()d the buffer yourself and want it
    automatically freed when the source (original sender) calls
    FreeIPC().

    Specifying both IF_ALLOC and IF_NOCOPY is equivalent to specifying
    just IF_ALLOC.    Specifying just IF_NOCOPY means that the IPC system
    will use your buffer pointer and will NOT attempt to deallocate it.
    In this case, you are responsible for keeping the buffer intact
    until the source calls FreeIPC().  This is possible through the
    use of the msg->Confirm vector.   ** you cannot use msg->Confirm
    for IF_GLOBAL packets!    Because there is only one vector entry and
    possibly multiple users of the message.

    NOTE:  The buffer pointer placed in msg->RBuf will either be yours
    or the allocated duplicate.  msg->RBuf will be set to NULL when (if)
    the system deallocates it.

    If you specify IF_NOTFND, your buffer and length are completely
    ignored and the message is passed on to the next application program
    with the same name.  IF THE ORIGINATOR SPECIFIED IF_GLOBAL WHEN HE
    SENT THE MESSAGE, AND YOU DID NOT SPECIFY IF_NOTFND, the message
    will be passed on to the next application anyway and your reply will be
    passed on along with it.  In the same way, if you were not the first
    application to get this message (it was passed to you), the
    msg->RBuf/RLen/RFlags fields may already have something in them. If
    your reply buffer pointer is not the same address as the one already in
    msg->RBuf and msg->RFlags held IF_ALLOC, the old buffer in msg->RBuf
    will be deallocated before processing continues with your ReplyIPC().

    ** Warning, msg->RBuf will be replaced in the same manner msg->TBuf
       is by an allocated duplicate unless you specify otherwise.


FreeIPC                             FreeIPC

    (void) FreeIPC(msg)
    IPCMSG *msg;

    This routine must be called when the original sender of an IPC message
    has sent the message, waited for the reply, removed the message from
    the reply port, and processed the reply buffer.  This serves to free
    the message and any associated buffers as specified below:

    If msg->RFlags has IF_ALLOC set the reply buffer is immediately
    deallocated and msg->RBuf set to NULL.

    If msg->Confirm is non-NULL the vector will be called with the IPCMSG
    as an argument.

    If msg->TFlags holds IF_ALLOCMSG, the msg will be FreeMem()d with the
    length msg->Msg.mn_Length.    IF_ALLOCMSG is not usually set by the
    user... it is set by SendIPC() which allocates a message/replyport
    and wants both to be deallocated on completion.