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- What is Ray Tracing ?
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-
- The basic idea of ray tracing is to trace light rays through a scene
- to determine the visibility of an object on the screen. The object
- is then shaded according to surface characteristics and each light's color
- and location.
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- Ray tracing is based on the principles of light and optics. It is used
- to create extremely complex pictures in true 3-D. The pictures get their
- realism from the reflections and refractions ray-tracing generates by
- following the laws of optics.
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- The way that you describe your picture is by building what we call
- 'objects' in 3-D. 3-D means that the objects have width, height, and
- depth. It means objects can be close and look larger, or distant and
- smaller. After you have built some objects, you place them in the 3-D
- world. This means each object has a location, size, and rotation. After
- you describe this information, and your lights, you are ready to 'render'
- the scene.
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-
- Since the number of light rays entering a scene may be considered
- infinite, a shortcut is used, namely, tracing the light rays backwards thru
- the scene. With this method, a ray is traced from the eye, through a pixel
- in the view plane (the monitor screen) and intersected with the objects in
- the 3-D world. Of the objects that do intersect the viewing ray, the
- visible surface would be the one that is closest to the eye and therefore
- is the one that we shade according to the lights. This process is repeated
- for each pixel in the view plane. See LIGHT.DOC for details on the shading
- process.
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- With ray tracing, while we can describe objects to the computer, and
- generate images that look quite real, remember that these objects do not
- need to exist at all, a 'world' can be created in your computer's memory
- that exists nowhere else.
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- Brief history of the development of ray-tracing:
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- Who have been the researchers in the ray-tracing field ?
- - The major researchers of this sort of graphic program have traditionally
- been major colleges and companies.
-
- Who have been the people to use ray-tracing the most?
- - Today's major applications of ray-tracing are commercial production
- (TV commercials and movies) and mechanical design for industrial
- use. Industry analysts predict a far greater usage in design (CAD/CAM)
- areas than in production applications. Medical applications are also
- growing.
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- There have been a small number of researchers in this field.
- - The number of researchers making major contributions in this area has
- been small, and they have names like Phong, Whitted, Sutherland,
- Sproull, Gouraud, Hall, Catmull, Greenberg, Blinn, and Crow. See the
- references listed for more info on their juicy papers, but be ready to
- put on your thinking cap. Try your nearest University library first.
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