ftp.update.uu.se

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ ftp.update.uu.se / ftp.update.uu.se.2014.03.zip / ftp.update.uu.se / pub / rainbow / msdos / misc / unixutil.lzh / UNXUTIL.DOC < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1985-06-26 | 29KB | 1,255 lines

- 1 - ---------------------------------------------------------------- NOTES ---------------------------------------------------------------- NEW UTILITIES FOR THE OPERATING SYSTEM DISKS FOR MS-DOS 2.0 SEARCH - uses powerful search rules to: give directory listings, copy files, archive files, modify file attributes, sum file sizes, and delete files. Additional options allow you to request prompting, recursively traverse sub-directories, and copy entire tree structures. WC - prints the number of lines and words in each of a list of files. FGREP - searches through a list of files for files which contain a specific text string. The line which contains the text string and the file's name are output. Options allow searching sub-directories, listing only file names, and listing a count of the number of lines which match. MV - move a file or list of files. This can copy files from one directory to another, perform a rename function, or copy a file to another volume (removing the original). TAIL - prints the last 'n' lines of a file or list of files. CAT - concatenates a list of files and outputs them. LIST - produces a directory listing (in various formats) of a file or list of files. SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 SEARCH --- The SEARCH utility is used to search, possibly traversing any subdirectories and match your specified files. Once files are matched, their directory entry may be output, they may be copied, their attributes may be changed, or they may be deleted. The basic format of the SEARCH command is: SEARCH <ms-dos file or directory names> <matching constraints> <actions> The <ms-dos file or directory names> is a list of one or more directory and/or file names (which can include MS-DOS wildcards). This list specifies the possible domain on which the SEARCH command will operate. For example, if you specify: SEARCH a:/ b:/ c:/ <other parameters> the SEARCH utility will search starting in the root directories on drives a:, b:, and c: (and only on those drives). As another example, SEARCH rtc.asm rtc.src tod.asm <other parameters> the SEARCH utility will consider only the three files specified when executing the other parameters. Note that file names and directories may be intermixed (allowing you to specify a domain of some directories, some specific files, etc.). The second set of parameters to SEARCH, <matching constraints> further define which particular files in the domain of files and/or directories specified you are interested in. These options are each permitted, but each option is only permitted once in the command line. In order for a file to be acted upon, it must meet all conditions specified in <matching constraints>. -name <names> to perform further pattern matching on the names of the files specified, or the files found in the directories specified. <names> may be one or more file names. The syntax for multiple file name is file names separated by exclamation marks (eg, rtc.asm ! tod.asm | tod.obj). These file names may have an extended type of SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 2 wild-card specification. The standard MS-DOS ? wild-card function is supported. In addition * is supported and operates anywhere in the text (for example, in MS-DOS *a* is equivalent to *, the first * pads out to the end of the name; using *a* in this syntax matches anything with an 'a' in it). Extra switches have been designed to general ize pattern matching. By using the '-.' switch, wild-cards will also match the '.' between the file name and extension (for example, in MS-DOS *.* must be specified to match all files; using * with the '-.' switch accomplishes the same thing). By using the '-/' switch, wild-cards will also match the '/' in a pathname (for example, in MS-DOS a/*/*.pas would match a/x/y.pas and a/z/w.pas but not a/x/y/z/q/r/x.pas; using the * with the '-/' switch would also match the final path. A final type of wild-card is a 'multiple- choice' selection, by specifying characters in brackets, the ? wild-card function can be constrained to only certain characters (for example, [aeiou]*.asm will match any filename beginning with a vowel and having an extension of 'asm.' Examples of wild cards for -name: [bv][tc][1k]FD*.* would match any file with B or V as its first character, T or C as its second, 1 or K as its third, and FD as its fourth and fifth [bx][tc][1k]FD* -. uses the switch to match the '.' between the name and extension, and is equivalent to the above example *OMF.BAS will match any file whose name ends with OMF and extension is BAS SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 3 ???BASE.?? will match any file whose name has BASE as its 4th to 7th characters and has a 2 character extension -^name <names> the files found must NOT match any of the names specified. See -name, above for a description of what the <names> can be. Examples: -^names *.asm will match any file which does not have the extension 'asm.' -^names [bv]*.* will match any file whose name does not begin with a B or V. -name *.asm -^name BT1*.* using both specifications, the combined patterns will match any file with an extension of 'asm' whose name does not begin with BT1. -fname <names> the full path name must not match any of the names specified. See -name, above, for a description of what the <names> can be. The difference between -fname and -name is that the -name constraint only performs the matching test on the file's name, while the -fname will perform its test against the full pathname for that file (from the root directory). For example, -name a* would match any file name beginning with SRC. This is also true if -/ is added. -fname a* -/ would match any pathnamme beginning with A, that is, all files on the A: drive. If patterns are specified to made drive designagors, remember that the format is d:/, example: -fname a:/t* -/ -. (matches any file SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 4 beginning with the letter T in the A: drive's root directory, or any subdirectory of A:'s root directory whose name begins with a T). -^fname <names> the full path names found must not match any of the names specified in <names>. Refer to -names, -^names, and -fnames for details. For example, -^fname a:/temp/* -/ will not match any of the files in drive A:'s subdirectory temp. -LE <filename> the found file's time of creation (date and time) must precede or be the same as "filename"s time. (Read "LE" as "less-than- or-equal-to".) -LT <filename> the found file's time of creation (date and time) must precede "filename"s time. (Read "LT" as "less-than".) -GE <filename> the found file's time of creation (date and time) must follow or be the same as "filename"s time. (Read "GE" as "greater- than-or-equal-to".) -GT <filename> the found file's time of creation (date and time) must follow "filename"s time. (Read "GT" as "greater-than".) The next four constraints offer the same functionality as the LE, LT, GE, and GT options, except only on a date basis. The preceding four constraints use both date and time (the date is really part of the time "continuum".) -LEDATE <filename> the found file's date must precede or be the same as "filename"s date. (Read "LE" as "less-than-or-equal-to".) SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 5 -LTDATE <filename> the found file's date must precede "filename"s date. (Read "LT" as "less- than".) -GEDATE <filename> the found file's date must follow or be the same as "filename"s date. (Read "GE" as "greater-than-or-equal-to".) -GTDATE <filename> the found file's date must follow "filename"s date. (Read "GT" as "greater-than".) Note: using search with -GE (or -GEDATE) and -LE (or -LEDATE) will match only those files with exactly the same creation time (or date). -exists <pathname> the file found will match this if a file of that same name is also present at the path specified. The path is computed as explained in -comp, below. -^exists <pathname> the file found will match this only if there is not a file of that same name present at the path specified. The path is computed as explained in -comp, below. -size <bytes> the file found will match this only if it is at least the number of bytes specified in size. -sizeb <blocks> the file found will match this only if it is at least the number of (512-byte) blocks specified in size. -attr <attr exp> the file found will match this if it's attributes make the attribute expression specified true. The expression consists of ANDs, ORs, NOTs, and letters which represent attributes. Use & for AND, ! for OR, ^ for SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 6 unary NOT, parentheses for grouping sub- expressions, and the following attribute letters: a for the archive bit being on d for the directory bit being on h for the file being hidden r for the file being read-only s the for file being a system file For example: -attr a&^r would match any file whose archive bit is on (has been changed since the last archive) which is not read-only (can ever be changed). -comp <pathname> the file found will match this pattern if there is a file of the same name as the file found in the specified path AND the two files are equivalent. Any differences between the two files are displayed. The -t switch preserves directory tree structure. If SEARCH A: -COMP Z found a:/x/y, the file a:/x/y would be compared to a:/x/z/y instead of a:/z/y. The target pathname for the compare is computed as follows: 1. The drive prefix, and any ./ or ../ prefixes are deleted from the pathname of the file found. 2. The remainder of the pathname (up to the filename) is appended to the destination path after the -COMP to produce the file which is to be compared. -^comp <pathname> the file found will match this pattern if there is not a file of the same name as the file found in the specified path OR the two files are not equivalent. Any differences between the two files are displayed. See - COMP, above. SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 7 The third set of parameters to SEARCH are the <actions>s. These options specify what function is to be performed on the files which match the constraints specified. Actions allow setting and resetting of file attributes; moving, copying, deleting, and backing up files; printing directory entries; and summing files' sizes. The following are the switch settings for actions. Any action marked with an asterisk may be specified at most once. -attr+ <attrs> turns on the specified attributes. Specify <attrs> as single-character attributes, as above. For example, -attr+ ar would set the archive and read-only bits. -attr- <attrs> turns off the specified attributes. See above for details. -mv <pathname> * moves the files found into the specified pathname. If the -t option is specified, the tree structure of the source file is preserved. For example, if SEARCH A: finds a:/x/y, and -MV Z were specified, z/x/y would be created, rather than z/y. The destination pathname is formed from the source pathname as follows: 1. The drive prefix and any ./ or ../ is removed from the source pathname. 2. The remainder of the source pathname is apopended to the destination path after the specified -mv pathname. -cp <pathname> * copies the files found into the specified pathname. The -t option (see above) also applies. This cannot be used in conjunction with a -backup option. SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 8 -backup <pathname> * this is a useful function which is an abbreviation for -cp <pathname> -attr a -attr- a That is, it finds archivable files and resets the archive bit after the copy. This cannot be used in conjunction with a -cp option. -print list the names of the files (this is the default if no actions are specified). -rm remove the files found. If -cp is specified, the copy is performed prior to the removal. If -mv is specified, the -rm has no effect. -rmdir remove any empty directories encountered. If -mv is specified, the directory remove is attempted after the files have been moved. This means that SEARCH x -mv b: -rmdir effectively moves all of x to the b: disk and removes all of sub-directory x. -ls list file directory entries in long format. This displays attribute settings, file size, the file's time and date, and its full path name. If an attribute is not set for a file, '-' is printed, if it is set, the attribute is printed. For read-write files, 'w' is printed instead of the '-'. -sum a sum of the sizes of files found is displayed. This is the exact size of the data in the files and does not consider allocation units' round-off. -tarc <filename> * creates a "tape archive" file named <filename> containing all files found. This SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 9 is useful for creating one large file to be used as an archive. The files may be extracted using the -tarx option below. For example, SEARCH *.pas -tarc pasbkup.tar will put all .PAS files into the file PASBKUP.TAR. -tara <filename> * this is the same as -tarc, above, except that the files found are appended to an existing "tar" file. -tarx <filename> * search the files in "tar" file <filename>. The only action that you can perform with this option is to -ls, -print, -sum, or -cp them. -rm or -mv options will be ignored. For example, SEARCH -tarx pasbkup.tar -ls would list the files in the above "tar" file SEARCH -tarx pasbkup.tar -cp xyz would copy the files in the above "tar" file into directory xyz Some additional options also exist which effect the above actions and/or constraints. -nr no recursive searching of sub-directories. SEARCH will normall search any directories you specify and all sub-direcctories (and their sub-directories . . .). Using this option limits searches to only directories specified. -p prompts (asks yes/no) for -cp, -mv, -rm, or attribute settings. For any action which would have a permanent effect, you may use SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 10 this to verify SEARCH's actions. -t as explained above, is used to preserve tree structure of directories for -mv, -cp, -comp, -exists, -^exists, and -^comp options. -n take no actions, SEARCH will display what it would have done, but take no actions. This is equivalent to using -p and always responding negatively. -a short-hand for '-attr a', matching only files with the archive bit set. -s be silent (display nothing). -. allow '.', the file extension separator to be wild-carded (see above). -/ allow '/' to be wild-carded (as explained above). Single letter options may be grouped after a single '-' (providing they do not form one of the multiple-letter options). Multiple-letter options must each have a '-'. For example, you may specify -avd, but not -nravd. HINTS 1. SEARCH f: -name *.pas Does not necessarily SEARCH all files on drive f: with the extension .PAS . SEARCH will start at the current working directory for drive f:. To search all of drive f:, either do a CD / before the above command, or use SEARCH f:/ -name *.pas 2. To copy all files that have been modified since the last time you SEARCH UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 11 did a backup, use SEARCH <where ever> -backup b: This copies modified files to your b: drive and resets their archive bits. If your archive bits are in an unknown state, use SEARCH <where ever> -attr- a to reset all archive bits. 3. To find all directories on a drive, use SEARCH <drive>:/ -attr d 4. Since some commands are short-hand abbreviations, remember that there are some restrictions. For example, SEARCH a: -backup b: -attr r is illegal because '-backup b:' is an abbreviation for '-cp b: -attr a -attr- a' and only one -attr is allowed. You need to specify SEARCH a: -cp b: -attr a&r -attr- a WC UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 WC --- The WC utility counts words and lines in a file. Its syntax is: WC <files or directories> <switches> The specified files' word/line counts will be output, along with the total word/line counts. The files used will be all specified, and all contained in any directories listed. Note that MS-DOS wild-cards may be used. If no <files or directories> are specified, then WC accepts keyboard (or redirected) input. The switches are as follows: -r to traverse any sub-directories encountered as well. -w to omit the word counts (this will save time). Examples: WC memo.mem would print the lines and words in the named file WC *.mem -w would print the line counts only for all files found, and a total line count figure. WC *.mem /documents -w acts as the example above, but in addition includes all files in the directory /documents. WC *.mem /documents -w -r acts as the example immediately above, but in addition will include all files in sub-directories of /documents (and sub- directories of them). FGREP UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 FGREP --- The FGREP utility searches files for particular text patterns. Each line on which the pattern is found is displayed. The text patterns cannot contain blanks or any wild-cards. The syntax is: FGREP <options> <pattern> <files or directories> The values for <options> are as follows: -r recursively search sub-directories of directories specified in the list <files or directories>. The default is to search only files in the <files or directories> list and files in directories in that list. -i ignore upper/lower case when matching the <pattern>. -l also print line numbers for matching text in files. -n only print file names of files with matching text. -v reverse the test--print all lines except those with a matching text pattern. -c only print a count of how many lines contain matching text. -^ Treat the character ^ in the pattern string as a blank. Normally, the pattern cannot contain a blank because command line arguments are separated by blanks. The -^ option is provided so that a blank can effectively be specified in the pattern. For example, fgrep -^ a^string *.pas searches all files ending in .pas for the string "a string". Without the -^ option, the string "a^string" would be searched for. The <pattern> parameter is the text string to search for. This string is specified exactly as you want it to appear in the files' lines (that is, it is not surrounded by quotes). The pattern may contain no blanks, and cannot start with a '-' (which FGREP UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 2 is used to specify options). The <files or directories> parameter is identical to SEARCH, see above. If no files are given, then FGREP accepts keyboard input (or redirected input) to search. Examples: FGREP -i proc c:/sources d:/project/*.asm will (ignoring upper/lower case) print a list of files and their lines which contain the string 'proc', files in the directory c:/sources, and files with an .ASM extension in the d:/project directory will be searched. FGREP -ri proc c:/sources d:/project/*.asm will act as the above example, except that any sub- directories of c:/sources (and their sub-directories) will also participate in the string search. MV UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 MV --- The MV command is used to move file(s). The syntax for MV is: MV <file1> <file2 or directory> If the second parameter is <file2>, then MV moves file1 into file2 and deletes file1 (if file1 and file2 are on the same drive, then file1 is renamed as file2). If the second parameter is a directory, then file1 is moved into that directory, and the original file1 is deleted. The first parameter may be an MS-DOS wild-card specification. In this case, all files matched will be moved (copied and deleted) into the directory specified. MV will never move a file onto itself--an error message will occur and the file will not be deleted. Also, do not MV a wild- carded file1 onto a file2. In this case, only the first file will be moved and an error message will occur. Examples: MV a:/pmate.exe b:/bin moves the pmate program to the binary directory of b: MV *.exe b:/bin moves all .EXE files to the binary directory of b: MV memo.mem sept28.mem renames the file memo.mem as sept28.mem TAIL UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 TAIL --- The TAIL utility displays the last n lines of specified files. The syntax is: TAIL -<count> <files or directories> As above, <files or directories> specifies a list of (possibly wild-carded) files and directories full of files to be operated upon. The <count> option, if not specified, defaults to 10. Otherwise you can specify how many of the last lines for each file to be displayed. The maximum value for <count> is about 450. If a line exceeds 130 characters, TAIL will truncate it. If no <files or directories> is specified, TAIL will get its input from the keyboard (or redirected input). Examples: TAIL -3 *.lst will list the last 3 lines of ever file with a .LST extension in the current directory. TAIL <input is equivalent to TAIL input and will list the last 10 lines of the file INPUT. TAIL -50 /temp will print the last 50 lines of every file in the /temp directory. CAT UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 CAT --- The CAT utility will concatenate the files specified and display their contents. The syntax is: CAT <files or directories> Where <files or directories> is just like it is in the other utilities. If omitted, input will be taken from the keyboard (or redirected input). Examples: CAT *.asm > backup will take all files with the extension .ASM in the current directory and (using output redirection) combine them into the file BACKUP. CAT /temp will display the contents of all files in the /TEMP directory. CAT /temp *.plm will display the contents of all files in the /TEMP directory and all files with the extension .PLM in the current directory. LIST UNIX like Utilities for MS-DOS 2.0 Page- 1 LIST --- The LIST utility lists files in name-only or directory format. The syntax is: LIST <options> <files or directories> The options are: -l list the directory entries (each file name, the file's attributes, date, time, and size are listed. -r recursively list all files in sub-directories of any directory specified. -1 list only one file name per line. -t sort output by file date & time, rather than alphabetically. -b sort backwards. -g list "toGether"; don't separate output on a per- directory basis. NOTE: long-format listings will NOT be sorted. The <files or directories> parameter is as above. If omitted, the current directory will be used. Examples: LIST will list (in short form) the files and directories in the present directory. LIST -rl c:/temp *.asm will list (in long format) the files in the c:/temp directory (and its sub-directories), and any file with the .ASM extension in the working directory.