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1992-07-02
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.\" %W% %R% (Berkeley) %E%
.\"
.TH YACC 1 "July\ 15,\ 1990"
.UC 6
.SH NAME
Yacc \- an LALR(1) parser generator
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B yacc [ -cdlprtv ] [ -b
.I prefix
.B ]
.I filename
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Yacc
reads the grammar specification in the file
.I filename
and generates an LR(1) parser for it.
The parsers consist of a set of LALR(1) parsing tables and a driver routine
written in the C or Perl programming languages.
.I Yacc
normally writes the parse tables and the driver routine to the file
.IR y.tab.c ,
using the C programming language.
.PP
The following options are available:
.RS
.TP
\fB-b \fIprefix\fR
The
.B -b
option changes the prefix prepended to the output file names to
the string denoted by
.IR prefix.
The default prefix is the character
.IR y.
.TP
.B -c
Use the C programming language (default).
.TP
.B -d
The \fB-d\fR option causes the header file
.IR y.tab.h
to be written (or
.IR y.tab.ph ,
for Perl).
.TP
.B -l
If the
.B -l
option is not specified,
.I yacc
will insert \#line directives in the generated code.
The \#line directives let the C compiler relate errors in the
generated code to the user's original code.
If the \fB-l\fR option is specified,
.I yacc
will not insert the \#line directives.
\&\#line directives specified by the user will be retained.
.TP
.B -p
Use the Perl programming language. The output files have extensions
.I .tab.pl
and
.IR .tab.ph .
.TP
.B -r
The
.B -r
option causes
.I yacc
to produce separate files for code and tables. The code file
is named
.IR y.code.c,
and the tables file is named
.IR y.tab.c.
In Perl mode, the file name extension is
.IR .pl ,
but the use of this option is not recommended.
.TP
.B -t
The
.B -t
option changes the preprocessor directives generated by
.I yacc
so that debugging statements will be incorporated in the compiled code.
.TP
.B -v
The
.B -v
option causes a human-readable description of the generated parser to
be written to the file
.IR y.output.
.RE
.PP
If the environment variable TMPDIR is set, the string denoted by
TMPDIR will be used as the name of the directory where the temporary
files are created.
.PP
In C mode, the user's code at the end of the
.SM YACC
file is inserted before the
.I yyparse
subroutine,
but in Perl mode, it is appended to
.I yyparse
so it can contain the main program.
In Perl mode, there is no library, so the user must
supply the
.I yyerror
and
.I yylex
subroutines and a main program that calls
.IR yyparse .
For example:
.RS
.nf
%%
.I ...grammar...
%%
sub yyerror { print STDERR "$.: $@\en"; }
sub yylex { ... }
exit &yyparse;
.fi
.RE
.SH FILES
.IR y.code.c
.br
.IR y.tab.c
.br
.IR y.tab.h
.br
.IR y.code.pl
.br
.IR y.tab.pl
.br
.IR y.tab.ph
.br
.IR y.output
.br
.IR /tmp/yacc.aXXXXXX
.br
.IR /tmp/yacc.tXXXXXX
.br
.IR /tmp/yacc.uXXXXXX
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
If there are rules that are never reduced, the number of such rules is
reported on standard error.
If there are any LALR(1) conflicts, the number of conflicts is reported
on standard error.