The CDPD Public Domain Collection for CDTV 3/CDPDIII.bin/books/coleridge/christabel

Text File | 1992-07-31 | 28KB | 740 lines

                                      1798
                                   CHRISTABEL
                           by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
                PART I

    'T is the middle of night by the castle clock
    And the owls have awakened the crowing cock;
      Tu-whit!- Tu-whoo!
    And hark, again! the crowing cock,
      How drowsily it crew.
    Sir Leoline, the Baron rich,
    Hath a toothless mastiff, which
    From her kennel beneath the rock
    Maketh answer to the clock,
    Four for the quarters, and twelve for the hour;
    Ever and aye, by shine and shower,
    Sixteen short howls, not over loud;
    Some say, she sees my lady's shroud.

    Is the night chilly and dark?
    The night is chilly, but not dark.
    The thin gray cloud is spread on high,
    It covers but not hides the sky.
    The moon is behind, and at the full;
    And yet she looks both small and dull.
    The night is chill, the cloud is gray:
    'T is a month before the month of May,
    And the Spring comes slowly up this way.
    The lovely lady, Christabel,
    Whom her father loves so well,
    What makes her in the wood so late,
    A furlong from the castle gate?
    She had dreams all yesternight
    Of her own betrothed knight;
    And she in the midnight wood will pray
    For the weal of her lover that's far away.

    She stole along, she nothing spoke,
      The sighs she heaved were soft and low,
    And naught was green upon the oak,
      But moss and rarest mistletoe:
    She kneels beneath the huge oak tree,
    And in silence prayeth she.

    The lady sprang up suddenly,
      The lovely lady, Christabel!
    It moaned as near, as near can be,
      But what it is she cannot tell.-
    On the other side it seems to be,
    Of the huge, broad-breasted, old oak tree.
    The night is chill; the forest bare;
      Is it the wind that moaneth bleak?
    There is not wind enough in the air
    To move away the ringlet curl
      From the lovely lady's cheek-
    There is not wind enough to twirl
    The one red leaf, the last of its clan,
    That dances as often as dance it can,
    Hanging so light, and hanging so high,
    On the topmost twig that looks up at the sky.

    Hush, beating heart of Christabel!
    Jesu, Maria, shield her well!
    She folded her arms beneath her cloak,
    And stole to the other side of the oak.
      What sees she there?

    There she sees a damsel bright,
    Dressed in a silken robe of white,
    That shadowy in the moonlight shone:
    The neck that made that white robe wan,
    Her stately neck, and arms were bare;
    Her blue-veined feet unsandaled were;
    And wildly glittered here and there
    The gems entangled in her hair.
    I guess, 't was frightful there to see
    A lady so richly clad as she-
    Beautiful exceedingly!

    'Mary mother, save me now!'
    Said Christabel, 'and who art thou?'

    The lady strange made answer meet,
    And her voice was faint and sweet:-
    'Have pity on my sore distress,
    I scarce can speak for weariness:
    Stretch forth thy hand, and have no fear!'
    Said Christabel, 'How camest thou here?'
    And the lady, whose voice was faint and sweet,
    Did thus pursue her answer meet:-
    'My sire is of a noble line,
    And my name is Geraldine:
    Five warriors seized me yestermorn,
    Me, even me, a maid forlorn:
    They choked my cries with force and fright,
    And tied me on a palfrey white.
    The palfrey was as fleet as wind,
    And they rode furiously behind.
    They spurred amain, their steeds were white:
    And once we crossed the shade of night.
    As sure as Heaven shall rescue me,
    I have no thought what men they be;
    Nor do I know how long it is
    (For I have lain entranced, I wis)
    Since one, the tallest of the five,
    Took me from the palfrey's back,
    A weary woman, scarce alive.
    Some muttered words his comrades spoke:
    He placed me underneath this oak;
    He swore they would return with haste;
    Whither they went I cannot tell-
    I thought I heard, some minutes past,
    Sounds as of a castle bell.
    Stretch forth thy hand,' thus ended she,
    'And help a wretched maid to flee.'

    Then Christabel stretched forth her hand,
      And comforted fair Geraldine:
    'O well, bright dame, may you command
      The service of Sir Leoline;
    And gladly our stout chivalry
      Will he send forth, and friends withal,
    To guide and guard you safe and free
      Home to your noble father's hall.'

    She rose: and forth with steps they passed
    That strove to be, and were not, fast.
    Her gracious stars the lady blest,
      And thus spake on sweet Christabel:
    'All our household are at rest,
      The hall is silent as the cell;
    Sir Leoline is weak in health,
      And may not well awakened be,
    But we will move as if in stealth;
      And I beseech your courtesy,
      This night, to share your couch with me.'

    They crossed the moat, and Christabel
    Took the key that fitted well;
    A little door she opened straight,
    All in the middle of the gate;
    The gate that was ironed within and without,
    Where an army in battle array had marched out.
    The lady sank, belike through pain,
    And Christabel with might and main
    Lifted her up, a weary weight,
    Over the threshold of the gate:
    Then the lady rose again,
    And moved, as she were not in pain.

    So, free from danger, free from fear,
    They crossed the court: right glad they were.
    And Christabel devoutly cried
    To the Lady by her side;
    'Praise we the Virgin all divine,
      Who hath rescued thee from thy distress!'
    'Alas, alas!' said Geraldine,
      'I cannot speak for weariness.'
    So, free from danger, free from fear,
    They crossed the court: right glad they were.

    Outside her kennel the mastiff old
    Lay fast asleep, in moonshine cold.
    The mastiff old did not awake,
    Yet she an angry moan did make.
    And what can ail the mastiff bitch?
    Never till now she uttered yell
    Beneath the eye of Christabel.
    Perhaps it is the owlet's scritch:
    For what can aid the mastiff bitch?

    They passed the hall, that echoes still,
    Pass as lightly as you will.
    The brands were flat, the brands were dying,
    Amid their own white ashes lying;
    But when the lady passed, there came
    A tongue of light, a fit of flame;
    And Christabel saw the lady's eye,
    And nothing else saw she thereby,
    Save the boss of the shield of Sir Leoline tall,
    Which hung in a murky old niche in the wall.
    'O softly tread,' said Christabel,
    'My father seldom sleepeth well.'
    Sweet Christabel her feet doth bare,
    And, jealous of the listening air,
    They steal their way from stair to stair,
    Now in glimmer, and now in gloom,
    And now they pass the Baron's room,
    As still as death, with stifled breath!
    And now have reached her chamber door;
    And now doth Geraldine press down
    The rushes of the chamber floor.

    The moon shines dim in the open air,
    And not a moonbeam enters here.
    But they without its light can see
    The chamber carved so curiously,
      Carved with figures strange and sweet,
    All made out of the carver's brain,
      For a lady's chamber meet:
    The lamp with twofold silver chain
      Is fastened to an angel's feet.
    The silver lamp burns dead and dim;
    But Christabel the lamp will trim.
      She trimmed the lamp, and made it bright,
    And left it swinging to and fro,
      While Geraldine, in wretched plight,
    Sank down upon the floor below.
    'O weary lady, Geraldine,
    I pray you, drink this cordial wine!
    It is a wine of virtuous powers;
    My mother made it of wild flowers.'

      'And will your mother pity me,
    Who am a maiden most forlorn?'
    Christabel answered- 'Woe is me!
      She died the hour that I was born.
    I have heard the gray-haired friar tell,
      How on her death-bed she did say,
    That she should hear the castle-bell
      Strike twelve upon my wedding-day.
    O mother dear! that thou wert here!'
    'I would,' said Geraldine, 'she were!'

    But soon, with altered voice, said she-
      'Off, wandering mother! Peak and pine!
    I have power to bid thee flee.'
      Alas! what ails poor Geraldine?
    Why stares she with unsettled eye?
    Can she the bodiless dead espy?
    And why with hollow voice cries she,
      'Off, woman, off! this hour is mine-
    Though thou her guardian spirit be,
    Off, woman. off! 't is given to me.'

    Then Christabel knelt by the lady's side,
      And raised to heaven her eyes so blue-
    'Alas!' said she, 'this ghastly ride-
      Dear lady! it hath wildered you!'
    The lady wiped her moist cold brow,
    And faintly said, ''T is over now!'
      Again the wild-flower wine she drank:
    Her fair large eyes 'gan glitter bright,
      And from the floor, whereon she sank,
    The lofty lady stood upright:
      She was most beautiful to see,
      Like a lady of a far countree.

      And thus the lofty lady spake-
    'All they, who live in the upper sky,
        Do love you, holy Christabel!
      And you love them, and for their sake,
        And for the good which me befell,
    Even I in my degree will try,
        Fair maiden, to requite you well.
    But now unrobe yourself; for I
    Must pray, ere yet in bed I lie.'

    Quoth Christabel, 'So let it be!'
    And as the lady bade, did she.
    Her gentle limbs did she undress
    And lay down in her loveliness.

    But through her brain, of weal and woe,
    So many thoughts moved to and fro,
    That vain it were her lids to close;
    So half-way from the bed she rose,
    And on her elbow did recline.
    To look at the lady Geraldine.
    Beneath the lamp the lady bowed,
      And slowly rolled her eyes around;
    Then drawing in her breath aloud,
      Like one that shuddered, she unbound
    The cincture from beneath her breast:
    Her silken robe, and inner vest,
    Dropped to her feet, and full in view,
    Behold! her bosom and half her side-
    A sight to dream of, not to tell!
    O shield her! shield sweet Christabel!

    Yet Geraldine nor speaks nor stirs:
    Ah! what a stricken look was hers!
    Deep from within she seems half-way
    To lift some weight with sick assay,
    And eyes the maid and seeks delay;
    Then suddenly, as one defied,
    Collects herself in scorn and pride,
    And lay down by the maiden's side!-
    And in her arms the maid she took,
            Ah, well-a-day!
    And with low voice and doleful look
            These words did say:

    'In the touch of this bosom there worketh a spell,
    Which is lord of thy utterance, Christabel!
    Thou knowest to-night, and wilt know to-morrow,
    This mark of my shame, this seal of my sorrow;
          But vainly thou warrest,
            For this is alone in
          Thy power to declare,
            That in the dim forest
          Thou heard'st a low moaning,
    And found'st a bright lady, surpassingly fair:
    And didst bring her home with thee, in love and in charity,
    To shield her and shelter her from the damp air.'

    It was a lovely sight to see
    The lady Christabel, when she
    Was praying at the old oak tree.
        Amid the jagged shadows
        Of mossy leafless boughs,
        Kneeling in the moonlight,
        To make her gentle vows;
    Her slender palms together prest,
    Heaving sometimes on her breast;
    Her face resigned to bliss or bale-
    Her face, oh, call it fair not pale,
    And both blue eyes more bright than clear.
    Each about to have a tear.
    With open eyes (ah, woe is me!)
    Asleep, and dreaming fearfully,
    Fearfully dreaming, yet, I wis,
    Dreaming that alone, which is-
    O sorrow and shame! Can this be she,
    The lady, who knelt at the old oak tree?
    And lo! the worker of these harms,
    That holds the maiden in her arms,
    Seems to slumber still and mild,
    As a mother with her child.

    A star hath set, a star hath risen,
      O Geraldine! since arms of thine
    Have been the lovely lady's prison.
      O Geraldine! one hour was thine-
    Thou'st had thy will! By tarn and rill,
    The night-birds all that hour were still.
    But now they are jubilant anew,
    From cliff and tower, tu-whoo! tu-whoo!
    Tu-whoo! tu-whoo! from wood and fell!

    And see! the lady Christabel
    Gathers herself from out her trance;
    Her limbs relax, her countenance
    Grows sad and soft; the smooth thin lids
    Close o'er her eyes; and tears she sheds-
    Large tears that leave the lashes bright!
    And oft the while she seems to smile
    As infants at a sudden light!
    Yea, she doth smile, and she doth weep,
      Like a youthful hermitess,
      Beauteous in a wilderness,
    Who, praying always, prays in sleep.
    And, if she move unquietly,
    Perchance, 't is but the blood so free
    Comes back and tingles in her feet.
    No doubt, she hath a vision sweet.
    What if her guardian spirit 't were,
    What if she knew her mother near?
    But this she knows, in joys and woes,
    That saints will aid if men will call:
    For the blue sky bends over all.
                PART II

    Each matin bell, the Baron saith,
    Knells us back to a world of death.
    These words Sir Leoline first said,
    When he rose and found his lady dead:
    These words Sir Leoline will say
    Many a morn to his dying day!

    And hence the custom and law began
    That still at dawn the sacristan,
    Who duly pulls the heavy bell,
    Five and forty beads must tell
    Between each stroke- a warning knell,
    Which not a soul can choose but hear
    From Bratha Head to Wyndermere.
    Saith Bracy the bard, 'So let it knell!
    And let the drowsy sacristan
    Still count as slowly as he can!'
    There is no lack of such, I ween,
    As well fill up the space between.
    In Langdale Pike and Witch's Lair,
    And Dungeon-ghyll so foully rent,
    With ropes of rock and bells of air
    Three sinful sextons' ghosts are pent,
    Who all give back, one after t' other,
    The death-note to their living brother;
    And oft too, by the knell offended,
    Just as their one! two! three! is ended,
    The devil mocks the doleful tale
    With a merry peal from Borrowdale.

    The air is still! through mist and cloud
    That merry peal comes ringing loud;
    And Geraldine shakes off her dread,
    And rises lightly from the bed;
    Puts on her silken vestments white,
    And tricks her hair in lovely plight,
    And nothing doubting of her spell
    Awakens the lady Christabel.
    'Sleep you, sweet lady Christabel?
    I trust that you have rested well.'

    And Christabel awoke and spied
    The same who lay down by her side-
    O rather say, the same whom she
    Raised up beneath the old oak tree!
    Nay, fairer yet! and yet more fair!
    For she belike hath drunken deep
    Of all the blessedness of sleep!
    And while she spake, her looks, her air,
    Such gentle thankfulness declare,
    That (so it seemed) her girded vests
    Grew tight beneath her heaving breasts.
    'Sure I have sinned!' said Christabel,
    'Now heaven be praised if all be well!'
    And in low faltering tones, yet sweet,
    Did she the lofty lady greet
    With such perplexity of mind
    As dreams too lively leave behind.

    So quickly she rose, and quickly arrayed
    Her maiden limbs, and having prayed
    That He, who on the cross did groan,
    Might wash away her sins unknown,
    She forthwith led fair Geraldine
    To meet her sire, Sir Leoline.
    The lovely maid and the lady tall
    Are pacing both into the hall,
    And pacing on through page and groom,
    Enter the Baron's presence-room.

    The Baron rose, and while he prest
    His gentle daughter to his breast,
    With cheerful wonder in his eyes
    The lady Geraldine espies,
    And gave such welcome to the same,
    As might beseem so bright a dame!

    But when he heard the lady's tale,
    And when she told her father's name,
    Why waxed Sir Leoline so pale,
    Murmuring o'er the name again,
    Lord Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine?
    Alas! they had been friends in youth;
    But whispering tongues can poison truth;
    And constancy lives in realms above;
    And life is thorny; and youth is vain;
    And to be wroth with one we love
    Doth work like madness in the brain.
    And thus it chanced, as I divine,
    With Roland and Sir Leoline.
    Each spake words of high disdain
    And insult to his heart's best brother:
    They parted- ne'er to meet again!
    But never either found another
    To free the hollow heart from paining-
    They stood aloof, the scars remaining,
    Like cliffs which had been rent asunder;
    A dreary sea now flows between.
    But neither heat, nor frost, nor thunder,
    Shall wholly do away, I ween,
    The marks of that which once hath been.
    Sir Leoline, a moment's space,
    Stood gazing on the damsel's face:
    And the youthful Lord of Tryermaine
    Came back upon his heart again.

    O then the Baron forgot his age,
    His noble heart swelled high with rage;
    He swore by the wounds in Jesu's side
    He would proclaim it far and wide,
    With trump and solemn heraldry,
      That they, who thus had wronged the dame
    Were base as spotted infamy!
      'And if they dare deny the same,
    My herald shall appoint a week,
    And let the recreant traitors seek
      My tourney court- that there and then
    I may dislodge their reptile souls
      From the bodies and forms of men!'
    He spake: his eye in lightning rolls!
    For the lady was ruthlessly seized; and he kenned
    In the beautiful lady the child of his friend!

    And now the tears were on his face,
      And fondly in his arms he took
    Fair Geraldine who met the embrace,
      Prolonging it with joyous look.
    Which when she viewed, a vision fell
    Upon the soul of Christabel,
    The vision of fear, the touch and pain!
    She shrunk and shuddered, and saw again-
    (Ah, woe is me! Was it for thee,
    Thou gentle maid! such sights to see?)
      Again she saw that bosom old,
      Again she felt that bosom cold,
    And drew in her breath with a hissing sound:
    Whereat the Knight turned wildly round,
    And nothing saw, but his own sweet maid
    With eyes upraised, as one that prayed.

    The touch, the sight, had passed away,
      And in its stead that vision blest,
      Which comforted her after-rest,
    While in the lady's arms she lay,
      Had put a rapture in her breast,
    And on her lips and o'er her eyes
    Spread smiles like light!
                           With new surprise,
    'What ails then my beloved child?'
    The Baron said- His daughter mild
    Made answer, 'All will yet be well!'
    I ween, she had no power to tell
    Aught else: so mighty was the spell.

    Yet he who saw this Geraldine,
    Had deemed her sure a thing divine.
    Such sorrow with such grace she blended,
    As if she feared she had offended
    Sweet Christabel, that gentle maid!
    And with such lowly tones she prayed
    She might be sent without delay
    Home to her father's mansion.
                                        'Nay!
    Nay, by my soul!' said Leoline.
    'Ho! Bracy the bard, the charge be thine!
    Go thou, with music sweet and loud,
    And take two steeds with trappings proud,
    And take the youth whom thou lov'st best
    To bear thy harp, and learn thy song,
    And clothe you both in solemn vest,
    And over the mountains haste along,
    Lest wandering folk, that are abroad,
    Detain you on the valley road.

    'And when he has crossed the Irthing flood,
    My merry bard! he hastes, he hastes
    Up Knorren Moor, through Halegarth Wood,
    And reaches soon that castle good
    Which stands and threatens Scotland's wastes.

    'Bard Bracy! bard Bracy! your horses are fleet,
    Ye must ride up the hall, your music so sweet,
    More loud than your horses' echoing feet!
    And loud and loud to Lord Roland call,
    Thy daughter is safe in Langdale hall!
    Thy beautiful daughter is safe and free-
    Sir Leoline greets thee thus through me.
    He bids thee come without delay
    With all thy numerous array;
    And take thy lovely daughter home:
    And he will meet thee on the way
    With all his numerous array
    White with their panting palfreys' foam:
    And, by mine honor! I will say,
    That I repent me of the day
    When I spake words of fierce disdain
    To Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine!-
    - For since that evil hour hath flown,
    Many a summer's sun hath shone;
    Yet ne'er found I a friend again
    Like Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine.'

    The lady fell, and clasped his knees,
    Her face upraised, her eyes o'erflowing;
    And Bracy replied, with faltering voice,
    His gracious hail on all bestowing;
    'Thy words, thou sire of Christabel,
    Are sweeter than my harp can tell;
    Yet might I gain a boon of thee,
    This day my journey should not be,
    So strange a dream hath come to me;
    That I had vowed with music loud
    To clear yon wood from thing unblest,
    Warned by a vision in my rest!
    For in my sleep I saw that dove,
    That gentle bird, whom thou dost love,
    And call'st by thy own daughter's name-
    Sir Leoline! I saw the same,
    Fluttering, and uttering fearful moan,
    Among the green herbs in the forest alone.
    Which when I saw and when I heard,
    I wondered what might ail the bird;
    For nothing near it could I see,
    Save the grass and herbs underneath the old tree.
    And in my dream methought I went
    To search out what might there be found;
    And what the sweet bird's trouble meant,
    That thus lay fluttering on the ground.
    I went and peered, and could descry
    No cause for her distressful cry;
    But yet for her dear lady's sake
    I stooped, methought, the dove to take,
    When lo! I saw a bright green snake
    Coiled around its wings and neck.
    Green as the herbs on which it couched,
    Close by the dove's its head it crouched;
    And with the dove it heaves and stirs,
    Swelling its neck as she swelled hers!
    I woke; it was the midnight hour,
    The clock was echoing in the tower;
    But though my slumber was gone by,
    This dream it would not pass away-
    It seems to live upon my eye!
    And thence I vowed this self-same day
    With music strong and saintly song
    To wander through the forest bare,
    Lest aught unholy loiter there.'

    Thus Bracy said: the Baron, the while,
    Half-listening heard him with a smile;
    Then turned to Lady Geraldine,
    His eyes made up of wonder and love;
    And said in courtly accents fine,
    'Sweet maid, Lord Roland's beauteous dove,
    With arms more strong than harp or song,
    Thy sire and I will crush the snake!'
    He kissed her forehead as he spake,
    And Geraldine in maiden wise
    Casting down her large bright eyes,
    With blushing cheek and courtesy fine
    She turned her from Sir Leoline;
    Softly gathering up her train,
    That o'er her right arm fell again;
    And folded her arms across her chest,
    And couched her head upon her breast,
    And looked askance at Christabel-
    Jesu, Maria, shield her well!

    A snake's small eye blinks dull and shy,
    And the lady's eyes they shrunk in her head,
    Each shrunk up to a serpent's eye,
    And with somewhat of malice, and more of dread,
    At Christabel she looked askance!-
    One moment- and the sight was fled!
    But Christabel in dizzy trance
    Stumbling on the unsteady ground
    Shuddered aloud, with a hissing sound;
    And Geraldine again turned round,
    And like a thing that sought relief,
    Full of wonder and full of grief,
    She rolled her large bright eyes divine
    Wildly on Sir Leoline.

    The maid, alas! her thoughts are gone,
    She nothing sees- no sight but one!
    The maid, devoid of guile and sin,
    I know not how, in fearful wise,
    So deeply had she drunken in
    That look, those shrunken serpent eyes,
    That all her features were resigned
    To this sole image in her mind:
    And passively did imitate
    That look of dull and treacherous hate!
    And thus she stood, in dizzy trance,
    Still picturing that look askance
    With forced unconscious sympathy
    Full before her father's view-
    As far as such a look could be
    In eyes so innocent and blue!

    And when the trance was o'er, the maid
    Paused awhile, and inly prayed:
    Then falling at the Baron's feet,
    'By my mother's soul do I entreat
    That thou this woman send away!'
    She said: and more she could not say;
    For what she knew she could not tell,
    O'er-mastered by the mighty spell.
    Why is thy cheek so wan and wild,
    Sir Leoline? Thy only child
    Lies at thy feet, thy joy, thy pride.
    So fair, so innocent, so mild;
    The same, for whom thy lady died!
    O by the pangs of her dear mother
    Think thou no evil of thy child!
    For her, and thee, and for no other,
    She prayed the moment ere she died:
    Prayed that the babe for whom she died,
    Might prove her dear lord's joy and pride!
      That prayer her deadly pangs beguiled,
            Sir Leoline!
      And wouldst thou wrong thy only child,
            Her child and thine?

    Within the Baron's heart and brain
    If thoughts, like these, had any share,
    They only swelled his rage and pain,
    And did but work confusion there.
    His heart was cleft with pain and rage,
    His cheeks they quivered, his eyes were wild,
    Dishonored thus in his old age;
    Dishonored by his only child,
    And all his hospitality
    To the insulted daughter of his friend
    By more than woman's jealousy
    Brought thus to a disgraceful end-
    He rolled his eye with stern regard
    Upon the gentle ministrel bard,
    And said in tones abrupt, austere-
    'Why, Bracy! dost thou loiter here?
    I bade thee hence!' The bard obeyed;
    And turning from his own sweet maid,
    The aged knight, Sir Leoline,
    Led forth the lady Geraldine!

  (Coleridge never finished the poem; this conclusion is by James
Gillman, who cared for Coleridge during the latter years. He wrote the
following based on what the poet used to outline for his friends.)

             THE CONCLUSION TO PART II

    A little child, a limber elf,
    Singing, dancing to itself,
    A fairy thing with red round cheeks,
    That always finds, and never seeks,
    Makes such a vision to the sight
    As fills a father's eyes with light;
    And pleasures flow in so thick and fast
    Upon his heart, that he at last
    Must needs express his love's excess
    With words of unmeant bitterness.
    Perhaps 'tis pretty to force together
    Thoughts so all unlike each other;
    To mutter and mock a broken charm,
    To dally with wrong that does no harm.
    Perhaps 'tis tender too and pretty
    At each wild word to feel within
    A sweet recoil of love and pity.
    And what, if in a world of sin
    (O sorrow and shame should this be true!)
    Such giddiness of heart and brain
    Comes seldom save from rage and pain,
    So talks as it's most used to do.


                THE END